W
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b ?fijkJfe[\idXee
W
Gif]%8iZ_%?fijkJfe[\idXee =Xblckk8iZ_`k\bklile[>\j...
39 downloads
581 Views
41MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
W
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b ?fijkJfe[\idXee
W
Gif]%8iZ_%?fijkJfe[\idXee =Xblckk8iZ_`k\bklile[>\jkXckle^ ?=KJklkk^Xik JZ_\cc`e^jki%)+#.'(.+Jklkk^Xik ;XjN\ib`jkli_\Y\ii\Z_kc`Z_^\jZ_kqk% ;`\[X[liZ_Y\^ie[\k\eI\Z_k\#`ejY\jfe[\i\[`\[\i|Y\ij\kqle^#[\jEXZ_[ilZb\j# [\i <ekeX_d\ mfe 8YY`c[le^\e# [\i =lebj\e[le^# [\i N`\[\i^XY\ Xl] ]fkfd\Z_Xe`$ jZ_\df[\i_ec`Z_\dN\^\le[[\iJg\`Z_\ile^`e;Xk\em\iXiY\`kle^jXecX^\e#Yc\`$ Y\e#XlZ_Y\`eliXljql^jn\`j\iM\in\ikle^#mfiY\_Xck\e% ;`\ N`\[\i^XY\ mfe >\YiXlZ_jeXd\e# ?Xe[\cjeXd\e# NXi\eY\q\`Z_ele^\e ljn% `e [`\j\d 9lZ_ Y\i\Z_k`^k XlZ_ f_e\ Y\jfe[\i\ B\eeq\`Z_ele^ e`Z_k ql [\i 8eeX_d\# [XjjjfcZ_\EXd\e`dJ`ee\[\iNXi\eq\`Z_\e$le[DXib\ejZ_lkq$>\j\kq^\Yle^Xcj ]i\`qlY\kiXZ_k\eni\ele[[X_\imfe a\[\idXeeY\elkqkn\i[\e[i]k\e%Gif[lbk$ _X]kle^1Jdkc`Z_\8e^XY\e`e[`\j\d=XZ_YlZ_\i]fc^\ekifkqjfi^]ck`^\i9\XiY\`kle^ le[Bfekifcc\f_e\>\n_i%<`e\?X]kle^[\j8lkfijf[\i[\jM\icX^\jXlj[\d@e_Xck [`\j\jN\ib\j`jkXlj^\jZ_cfjj\e% )''0Jgi`e^\i$M\icX^&N`\e Gi`ek\[`e8ljki`X Jgi`e^\iN`\eE\nPfib`jk\`eLek\ie\_d\emfeJgi`e^\iJZ`\eZ\"9lj`e\jjD\[`X jgi`e^\i%Xk CXpflk#JXkqle[:fm\i^\jkXckle^1?fijkJfe[\idXee >\j\kqkXlj[\iKXjj\I\^lcXiN`[\le[9fc[N`[\ Bfii\bkfiXk18e^\c`bX?\cc\i&Jgi`e^\i$M\icX^ ;ilZb1?fcq_Xlj\e;ilZbD\[`\e>dY?#((+'$N`\e
>\[ilZbkXl]jli\]i\`\d#Z_cfi]i\`^\Yc\`Z_k\dGXg`\i$K:= JG@E1((0),(*) 9`Yc`f^iX]`jZ_\@e]fidXk`fe[\i;\lkjZ_\e9`Yc`fk_\b ;`\;\lkjZ_\9`Yc`fk_\bm\iq\`Z_e\k[`\j\GlYc`bXk`fe`e[\i ;\lkjZ_\eEXk`feXcY`Yc`f^iX]`\2[\kX`cc`\ik\Y`Yc`f^iX]`jZ_\;Xk\ej`e[`d@ek\ie\k Y\i3_kkg1&&[eY%[[Y%[\5XYil]YXi% D`k00,8YY`c[le^\e
@J9E0./$*$)(($+0''+$+
@e_Xckjm\iq\`Z_e`j
<`ec\`kle^
-
BXg`k\c'(
G_fkfj_fg le[9i`[^\ ×8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_le[ ;Xk\`_Xe[_XYle^
/
BXg`k\c')
DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\# DXjb\e
)+
BXg`k\c'*
I>9le[:DPB
,+
BXg`k\c'+
9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
./
BXg`k\c',
EX_kcfj\K\okli
(''
BXg`k\c'-
=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
((-
BXg`k\c'.
:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(*+
BXg`k\c'/
FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
))-
Jf]knXi\#|Yle^j[Xk\`\e#;XebjX^le^\e
)*-
@e[\o
)*.
-
<`ec\`kle^ ;Xj Gif^iXdd G_fkfj_fg [\j ?\ijk\c$ c\ij 8[fY\ Jpjk\dj @eZ% `jk n\ckn\`k [\i DXibk]_i\i lek\i [\e 9`c[Y\XiY\`kle^j$ gif^iXdd\e% E\Y\e[\eÙbcXjj`jZ_\eÉ<`ejXkq^\Y`\k\e `d9\i\`Z_[\i=fkf^iX]`\#[\j>iX]`b$le[ [\jN\Y$;\j`^ejjg`\ck\jXlZ_Y\`d*;$ Df[\cc`e^\`e\n`Z_k`^\Ifcc\#jfnf_cqli >\e\i`\ile^ mfe K\okli\e Xcj XlZ_ qli Gfjkgif[lbk`fe^\i\e[\ik\iJk`ccj% |Y\ikiX^\e Xl] [`\ 8iZ_`k\bkli[Xijk\c$ cle^bXeedXejX^\e#[XjjG_fkfj_fg `e Xcc\eG_Xj\e[\jNfib]cfnjqld<`ejXkq bfddk#j\`\jY\`d>\e\i`\i\ele[9\Xi$ Y\`k\e mfe 9`c[dXk\i`Xc ]i [Xj GcXecXp$ flk# Y\`d
.
Z_\e[\ijZ_g]\e[\=XZ_c`k\iXkli#[`\J`\ Y`kk\Y\`9\[Xi]bfejlck`\i\e% Kifkq[\ddljjk\`Z_Y\`[\i8iY\`kXe[`\$ j\d 9lZ_ ]\jkjk\cc\e# [Xjj \j efZ_ n\`k$ Xlj d\_i ql q\`^\e ^`Yk $ Xl] d\`e\d DXZ c`\^k efZ_ \`e`^\j Xe Jkf]]# [\e `Z_ _`\i]i \ekn`Zb\ck _XY\ le[ ]i [\e \`e$ ]XZ_b\`eGcXkqd\_i`e[`\j\d9lZ_nXi% N`in\i[\ej\_\e#fY\j>\c\^\e_\`k^`Yk# `_e`e\`e\dqn\`k\e9Xe[mfiqljk\cc\e% <j \ijZ_\`ek d`i Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\ Xe^\$ YiXZ_k#\`egXXi?`en\`j\ql[\emfed`i m\in\e[\k\e=XZ_k\id`e`ql^\Y\e% QlXcc\i\ijk ^\_\ `Z_ [Xmfe Xlj# [Xjj J`\ \`e\ DXlj d`k d`e[\jk\ej qn\` KXjk\e m\in\e[\e# [\jn\^\e [`\ _l]`^\e ?`e$ n\`j\Xl][Xj[liZ_I\Z_kjbc`Zbql\ii\`$ Z_\e[\Bfek\okd\e% N\ee J`\ d`k \`e\i <`ekXjk\edXlj f[\i \`e\dKiXZbgX[XiY\`k\e#^`Yk\ja\eXZ_ 9\ki`\Yjjpjk\d \`e\ Df[`]`bXk`fejkXjk\ ]i [`\ J`dlcXk`fe [\j I\Z_kjbc`Zbj# Y\` [\i [\lkjZ_jgiXZ_`^\e DXZ$KXjkXkli `jk \j[`\ :KIC$KXjk\% 8l\i[\dm\in\e[\`Z_]i[`\n`Z_k`^j$ k\ BfddXe[f$KXjk\ [\e 8lj[ilZb JKI># DXZ$9\elkq\in`jj\e[Xeea\n\`cj#[Xjj \j j`Z_ Xl] `_i\i KXjkXkli ld [`\ 8g]\c$ KXjk\ _Xe[\ck% G:$lj\i j`e[ `dd\i efZ_ `e [\i D\_i_\`k# le[ \j ^Xck# GcXkq Y\`d K\ok\eqljgXi\e% ;`\ LdjZ_Xck$KXjk\ Y\q\`Z_e\ `Z_ ^\$ e\i\cc Xcj J_`]k$KXjk\# [`\ Fgk`fej$ f[\i NX_c$KXjk\_Xk[\eEXd\e 8ck% D\`e\ Mfic`\Y\ ]i KXjk\ebiq\c d^\ dXe d`i m\iq\`_\e# [`\ 8iY\`k ^\_k jZ_e\cc\i mfe [\i ?Xe[# n\ee dXe j`\ Y\_\iijZ_k% @Z_ _XY\ d`Z_ XY\i Y\d_k# jf f]k n`\ d^c`Z_ [`\ [Xql^\_i`^\e D\eY\]\_c\qle\ee\e% Le[ ele nejZ_\ `Z_ m`\c =i\l[\ le[ <e\i^`\ Y\`d ;liZ_XiY\`k\e [\i 9lZ_bX$ g`k\c%
/
(
)
'(
G_fkfj_fgle[9i`[^\ 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_le[;Xk\`_Xe[_XYle^ 8lZ_ Xl] [`\ >\]X_i _`e# J`\ ql cXe^n\`$ c\e#dZ_k\`Z_[fZ_ql9\^`ee\`en\e`^ Xl] [`\ FY\i]cZ_\ mfe G_fkfj_fg le[ \`e`^\ m\inXe[k\ K_\d\e n`\ EXm`^Xk`$ fele[J_fikZlkj\`e^\_\eÆ\jq\`^kj`Z_ `dd\i n`\[\i# [Xjj \`e`^\j [Xmfe leY\$ bXeek f[\i n\e`^jk\ej e`Z_k m\ikiXlk `jk% 9\XZ_k\eJ`\Y`kk\#[Xjjn`i`e[\i=fc^\ `dd\i Y\i [`\ Xbkl\cc\ M\ij`fe :J* $;Xk\`\e G_fkfj_fg ]]e\e jfcc $ [XjGifYc\dcj\eJ`\\ekn\[\ijgfekXe#
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
0
`e[\dJ`\d`k[\ii\Z_k\eDXljkXjk\Xl] [Xj ;Xk\`jpdYfc bc`Zb\e le[ Y\i [\e 9\]\_c{]]e\ed`k%%%8[fY\G_fkfj_fg:J* Xljn_c\e#f[\i^ie[c`Z_#`e[\dJ`\j`Z_ [`\@e]fidXk`feql[`\j\i;Xk\`Xeq\`^\e cXjj\e \Y\e]Xccj g\i i\Z_k\d DXljbc`Zb ql\ii\`Z_\e le[[fik]\jkc\^\e#[Xjj]i ;Xk\`\e[`\j\Kpgj`dd\iG_fkfj_fg^\$ ]]e\kn\i[\ejfcc8YY% ) % Ele ql G_fkfj_fg Æ [\i JkXe[Xi[$8i$ Y\`kjY\i\`Z_ q\`^k [Xj 9`c[ `e (&* j\`e\i i`Z_k`^\e >i\# `d jf^\eXeek\e DXo`$ d`\ik\e9`c[df[lj8YY% ( % =XccjJ`\\j`dm\ikiXlk\e=\ejk\icffbj\$ _\edZ_k\e#n_c\eJ`\\`e]XZ_Xlj[\d 8ej`Z_kj$D\e[\e9\]\_c 9`c[jZ_`iddf$ [lj1 JkXe[Xi[df[lj8YY% * % 8ck\ieXk`m bee\e J`\ = [iZb\e Æ a\[\j$ dXc#n\eeJ`\[`\jkle#\ijZ_\`ek[Xj9`c[ `e\`e\dXe[\i\eDf[ljYqn%mfi\`e\d Xe[\i\e ?`ek\i^ile[# \`edXc m\ijZ_n`e$ [\kjf^Xi[`\D\ec\`jk\MfccY`c[df[lj % N\ee J`\ a\kqk efZ_ [`\ KXY$KXjk\ [i$ Zb\e# j`e[ XlZ_ Xcc\ GXc\kk\e n\^ le[ [Xj 9`c[ bXee Xcc\`e mfi jZ_nXiq\d ?`e$
*
k\i^ile[ Y\nle[\ik n\i[\e# eXZ_ [\d ;iZb\emfe JKI>$'jf^XiY`c[jZ_`id]c$ c\e[ 8YY% + % ;iZb\eJ`\n`\[\i KXY#[Xd`k`_i\GXc\k$ k\en`\[\i[Xj`e[#le[\`edXc =#jf[Xjj = J`\ [Xj 9`c[ `d jf^% DXo`d`\ik\e 9`c[$ df[lj j\_\e b\`e\ 8e^jk# b\`e D\ejZ_ d\ibk j`Z_ [`\j\ 9\^i`]]\# `Z_ m\in\e[\ j`\c\[`^c`Z_#[Xd`kJ`\`d 8ej`Z_k$D\e bfekifcc`\i\ebee\e#fYJ`\[Xj>c\`Z_\ n`\`Z_\`e^\jk\cck_XY\e % +
BXg` BXg` BXg Xgg`k\c k\ k\\ccc''( '((××G_f GG_ GG_f _ kf _f kfj_ kfj_ kfj f _fgl fj _fgl fgl fg g le[9 e[ 9ii`[^ e[ i``[^ [^\× \×88iY\ 8iY iY\ Y `kjY Y\` `k`kjY `kjY\i\` kjYY\\i\ ii\` \`Z_l `Z_ Z_ Z_l _ le[ e[;Xk\` ee[; [ ;Xk\` [; XXk\ kk\\`_Xe[ k\` _Xe[ _Xe X [_XY _XYl _XYle^ e^
('
,
-
N\ibq\l^ Xbk`m [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$ N\ibq\l^#8YY% , Æ\`e\^lk\>\c\^\e_\`k @_e\eqlq\`^\e#n`\J`\leXY_e^`^mfd ^\n_ck\e N\ibq\l^ `e @_i\d 9`c[ eXm`$ ^`\i\ebee\e%
.
@_i [i`e^\e[jk\j 9\[i]e`j `jk d\`jk\ej# \`e\e8ljjZ_e`kkm\i^i\ikqlj\_\e#ld ^\eXl\i XiY\`k\e ql bee\e Yqn% ld^\$ b\_ik [Xj 9`c[ n`\[\i m\ibc\`e\ik f[\i mfccjke[`^Y\kiXZ_k\eqlbee\e% C\kqk\i\j ]lebk`fe`\ik d`k JKI>$' j% f% # [Xee j\_\e J`\ @_i 9`c[ jf ^if# n`\ @_i Dfe`kfi le[ [\i GcXkq qn`jZ_\e [\e GX$ c\kk\e\jqlcjjk`d MfccY`c[df[lje`ddk G_fkfj_fg [XY\`b\`e\IZbj`Z_kXl][`\ GXc\kk\e % ;iZb\eJ`\ JKI>$"f[\i JKI>$$#ld[Xj 9`c[ ql m\i^i\ie f[\i ql m\ibc\`e\ie Æ [Xj ]lebk`fe`\ik XlZ_# n\ee J`\ ^\iX[\
/
0
d`k \`e\d N\ibq\l^ n`\ q% 9% [\d Gfcp$ ^fe$CXjjfXiY\`k\e% ;\i EXZ_k\`c `jk# [Xjj J`\ [Xd`k b\`e\ Bfekifcc\Y\i[\ej`Z_kYXi\e8ljjZ_e`kk _XY\eÆ`jk[Xj@_iQ`\c#_Xck\eJ`\ JKI>$ C\\ikXjk\ ^\[iZbk# d`k [\i Clg\# [`\ J`\ ele Xejk\cc\ [\j :lijfij @_i\j Xbkl\c$ c\e N\ibq\l^j j\_\e# bee\e J`\ \`e\e i\Z_k\Zb`^\e 8ljjZ_e`kk Xl]q`\_\e# [\i [Xeem\i^i\ik\ijZ_\`ek% <`e qljkqc`Z_\j ;iZb\e [\i 8ck$KXjk\ q\`^k @_e\e [`\ D`elj$Clg\# [`\ @_e\e [Xj M\ibc\`e\ie \icXlYk# [`\j Xcc\i[`e^j n`\[\i f_e\ [`\ D^c`Z_b\`k \`e\e 8lj$ jZ_e`kk]\jkqlc\^\e#Xcjfe`Z_kY\jj\iXcj JKI>$$% 9\`d M\i^i\ie c`\^\e `i^\e[nXee K\`$ c\ [\j 9`c[\j Xl\i_XcY [\j =\ejk\iXlj$ jZ_e`kkj# [% _% J`\ djj\e \m\ekl\cc [\e 8ljjZ_e`kk m\ijZ_`\Y\e# ld Xe[\i\ 9`c[$ Y\i\`Z_\ ql j\_\e% ?Xck\e J`\ [Xql eli [`\C\\ikXjk\^\[iZbk#[Xj?Xe[$JpdYfc q\`^k Xe# [Xjj J`\ ele d`k Bc`Zb\e le[ Q`\_\e [\e 8ljjZ_e`kk m\ijZ_`\Y\e be$ e\e% =i [`\j\ Ki`Zbj# [`\ @_e\e \icXlY\e# @_i 9`c[ m\i^i\ik# m\ibc\`e\ik Yqn% `e \`$ e\d Y\jk`ddk\e 8ljjZ_e`kk ql j\_\e# j`e[XlZ_N\ibq\l^\mfi_Xe[\e8YY% ÆeXZ_[\dfY\e9\jZ_i`\Y\e\em\ijk\_\e J`\j`Z_\i#[XjjJ`\[`\j\\`^\ekc`Z_e`Z_k YiXlZ_\e# mfi Xcc\d# [X J`\ aX [Xee [Xj
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
((
Xbk`m\ N\ibq\l^# d`k [\d J`\ ^\iX[\ Xi$ Y\`k\e#XYn_c\eni[\e% M\i^\jj\e J`\ e`Z_k1 JKI>$' jk\cck @_e\e [Xj9`c[Xl]dXo`dXc\>i\qliZb#le[ ]XccjJ`\\j`e('' >i\j\_\enfcc\e# _`\i efZ_ \`e n\`k\i\i J_fikZlk1 JKI>$ 8ck$'% Jfm`\c qli EXm`^Xk`fe Æ \j ^\_k n\`k\i d`k [\i >\jkXckle^ @_i\i 8iY\`kjfY\i$ ]cZ_\% NX_ijZ_\`ec`Z_ _XY\e J`\ jZ_fe d`kY\bfdd\e# [Xjj @_i 9`c[]\ejk\i le[ [`\ GXc\kk\e# [`\ \j ld^\Y\e# Xe\`eXe$ [\i Ùbc\Y\eÈ Æ J`\ bee\e q% 9% Xl] [\e JgXckqn`jZ_\e9`c[le[i\Z_k\eGXc\kk\e bc`Zb\ele[eXZ_c`ebjq`\_\e#jf[Xjj[\i GXc\kk\eY\i\`Z_ \in\`k\ik n\i[\e bXee# [Xj9`c[]\ejk\im\ibc\`e\ikj`Z_[Xee\ek$ jgi\Z_\e[[`\j]lebk`fe`\ikeli`d DXo`$ d`\ik\e9`c[df[lj#8YY% . % <`e`^\GXc\kk\ej`e[i\[lq`\ikXl]\`e@Zfe# q% 9%[`\ Gifkfbfcc$GXc\kk\8YY% /2nXj[Xj
`jk# q\`^\ `Z_ @_e\e jgk\i Æ bc`Zb\e J`\ [XiXl]#le[j`\n`i[efidXcXe^\q\`^k#\`e Bc`ZbXl][\e;fgg\cg]\`ccjjkj`\n`\[\i Xl]@Zfe$>i\jZ_ildg]\e8YY% 0 % FB# J`\ n`jj\e jZ_fe# [Xjj J`\ GXc\kk\e eXZ_9\c`\Y\eqljXdd\ejk\Zb\ebee\e# kifkq[\dn`cc`Z_[`\>\c\^\e_\`kelkq\e# @_e\eXl][`\j\N\`j\eX_\qlc\^\e#@_i\ G_fkfj_fg $8iY\`kjld^\Yle^`e[`m`[l\cc \`eqli`Z_k\e# jkXkk j`\ \`e]XZ_ _`eqle\_$ d\e%
('
J`\bee\ea\[\GXc\kk\#XlZ_[`\`eD`e`$ Xkli]fid#Xe`_i\dBXik\`i\`k\if[\iKXY# 8YY% (' f[\i`_i\i@Zfe$D`e`Xkli8YY% (( ]Xjj\ele[Xlj`_i\iGXc\kk\e^ilgg\_\i$ Xlj$le[`i^\e[nf_`eXl]`_i\8iY\`kj]c$ Z_\q`\_\e#q% 9%n\eeJ`\\jjXkkj`e[#mfe @_i\e m`\c\e
()
BXg`k\c'(×G_fkfj_fgle[9i`[^\×8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_le[;Xk\`_Xe[ _Xe[[_XYl _ Y e^ _XYle^
((
()
(,
(*
(+
GXc\kk\e# mfe [\e\e `i^\e[nXee bcXi `jk# ]`e[\e 8YY% (,2 [ldd\in\`j\ j`e[ _`\i [Xjj J`\ j`\ e`\dXcj m\in\e[\e# be$ eli[`\a\e`^\eGXc\kk\ed`k?bZ_\em\i$ j\_\e# [`\ `e \`e\i >ilgg\ mfie\ c`\^\e e\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ mfe @_i\i n\ikmfcc\e b 8iY\`kj]cZ_\ \ek]\ie\e# `e[\d J`\ Xl] Æ [% _% nXj [`\ E`Z_k$DXib`\ile^ d`k ?b$ Z_\e Xe^\_k# lek\ijZ_\`[\k G_fkfj_fg [Xj O$JpdYfc Xd fY\i\e GXc\kk\eiXe[ e`Z_k eXZ_ ilg$ g\ ^\iX[\ _`ek\e c`\^\e# n`\ \knX [`\ [\iLdjfik`\ile^^i\iXl]q`\_\e\`e\ BXec\$GXc\kk\#le[
N`\ XlZ_ `dd\i Æ n\ee J`\ j`Z_ \ek$ jZ_cfjj\e _XY\e# [Xjj @_i\ GXc\kk\ebfe$ jk\ccXk`fe `e `[\Xc\i N\`j\ @_i\d Nfib$ b ]cfn\ekjgi`Z_k#bee\eJ`\j`\jg\`Z_\ie# Xcj jf^\eXeek\e 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_ D\e =\ejk\iÆ 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_Æ 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_ jg\`Z_\ie%%%#8YY% (-2n\eeJ`\[`\Fgk`fe KXjkXkliY\]\_c\ Xbk`m`\i\e# n`i[ [`\ Xbkl$ \cc\ J_fikZlk$Qlfi[ele^# Xe [\i J`\ m\i$ dlkc`Z_ efZ_ ^Xi e`Z_kj ^\e[\ik _XY\e# (-
(*
^c\`Z_d`k`eÙ@_i\eÈ 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_^\j`$ Z_\ik#8YY% (. % 9\` [\i >\c\^\e_\`k j\_\e J`\ j`Z_ m`\c$ c\`Z_k [`\ Xe[\i\e# jZ_fe mfibfe]`^li`\i$ k\e 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_\ Xe# mfi Xcc\d [\ea\$ e`^\e#[\i@_e\e[`\e\l\e=\Xkli\jmfe G_fkfj_fg:J*
(.
(/
)'
(0
(+
9i`[^\ 8YY% )) %Bc`Zb\eJ`\[XiXl]#]]e\k j`Z_\`eGif^iXdd^c\`Z_\eEXd\ej#[Xj J`\ m\idlkc`Z_ jZ_fe b\ee\e# [`\ N\`$ k\i\ekn`Zbcle^ [\j ]i_\i\e ;Xk\`Yifn$ j\ij Xcj leXY_e^`^\j JkZb Jf]knXi\ 8YY% )* % C`ebj fY\e ]`e[\e J`\ \`e\ GXc\kk\ d`k [\d EXd\e Fi[e\i Æ Yi`e^\e J`\ [`\j\ `e [\e Mfi[\i^ile[ le[ ]]e\e J`\ [\e Fi[e\i d`k [\e 9`c[\ie ql BXg`k\c '( `e d\`e\d9\`jg`\c_\`k\iefZ_ X %
)(
@e[\ijf^\eXeek\e Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\#[`\ @_e\e <`ejk\ccle^jd^c`Z_b\`k\e ]i [Xj ^\iX[\ Xbk`m\ N\ibq\l^ q\`^k# ^`Yk \j \`e\n\`k\i\D^c`Z_b\`k#[\e^\nejZ_$ k\e 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_ Xljqln_c\e j\cYjk$ m\ijke[c`Z_ Xlj [\i ^c\`Z_\e C`jk\ n`\ fY\e^\q\`^k #[fik]`e[\eJ`\@_i\ej\cYjk [\]`e`\ik\e giXbk`jZ_\in\`j\ ^Xeq fY\e `e[\iC`jk\8YY% )( % >c\`Z_ c`ebj [Xe\Y\e cfZbk \`e bc`kq\$ bc\`e\j @Zfe d`k [\d ?`en\`j1 >\_\ ql ))
;Xm`\c\C\lk\#[`\`Z_b\ee\#[`\j\jXlj$ ^\jgifZ_\eekqc`Z_\KffcY`j_\ic`ebjc`\$ ^\ecXjj\e#n`cc`Z_XlZ_Y\i9i`[^\ \`e gXXiNfik\m\ic`\i\e% @d Gi`eq`g _Xe[\ck \j j`Z_ Y\` 9i`[^\ ld \`e ;Xk\`m\inXckle^jgif^iXdd# `e [\dmfiXcc\d9`c[[Xk\`\eY\kiXZ_k\k#d`k D\kX[Xk\em\ij\_\ele[jfik`\ikle[mfi Xcc\d`dgXjj\e[\eGif^iXddq% 9%G_f$ kfj_fg ^\]]e\kYqn%[fikd`k_`c]\\`e\j Jbi`gkjm\iXiY\`k\kn\i[\ebee\e% @Z_ Y\elkq\ \j q% 9%# ld d\`e\ JZi\\e$ j_fkjXeqlj\_\e#j`\^^]%ldqljk\cc\ele[ )*
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(,
ld[XeeXcc\Xl]\`edXc`eG_fkfj_fg `e :DPB ldnXe[\ce ql cXjj\e# j`\ jZ_Xi]$ qlq\`Z_e\e le[ `e \`e\d e\l\e Fi[e\i XcjBfg`\qljg\`Z_\ie% 9i`[^\ bXee XY\i e`Z_k eli ÙefidXc\È 9`c[[Xk\`\eXeq\`^\e#jfe[\ieXlZ_G;=j# @ccljkiXkfi$;Xk\`\e le[ jf^Xi Hl`Zbk`d\$ =`cd\ Æ [`\j\ bee\e J`\ `ee\i_XcY mfe 9i`[^\ XYjg`\c\e 8YY% )+ # [liZ_ d\_i$ j\`k`^\G;=jbee\eJ`\Yckk\ie8YY% ), % 9i`[^\\ek_ck\`e^\e`Xc\jKffc#d`k[\d J`\ 9`c[\i# XlZ_ IXn$;Xk\`\e# mfe @_i\i ;`^`kXcbXd\iX XY\i XlZ_ AG<>j # m\icljk$ ]i\`bfii`^`\i\ele[[XeXZ_`eG_fkfj_fg ]]e\e bee\e Æ jf^Xi d\_i\i\ Xl] \`e$ dXcd`k[\e^c\`Z_\e<`ejk\ccle^\e%
)+
Bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xql Xl] \`e f[\i d\_i\i\ 9`c[\i `e @_i\i JXddcle^ le[ n_c\e J`\Xlj[\d;Xk\`$D\e@e:Xd\iXIXn ]]e\e 8YY% )- # [Xee \ijZ_\`ek [Xj \ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\ =\ejk\i# `e [\d J`\ [Xj 9`c[ eXZ_ Xcc\e I\^\ce [\i Blejk bfii`^`\i\e le[m\i]i\d[\ebee\e8YY% ). % ).
),
)-
(-
)/
Jg`\c\e J`\ il_`^ \`e Y`jjZ_\e d`k [\e <`ejk\ccle^\e _\ild2 n\ee J`\ [`\j d`k [\d 9\]\_c =\ik`^ XY^\jZ_cfjj\e _XY\e# j\_\e J`\# [Xjj Xe [\i 9`c[d`e`Xkli \`e bc\`e\j @Zfe bc\Yk# Xe [\d J`\ a\[\iq\`k \ib\ee\ebee\e#[XjjJ`\[Xj9`c[Y\Xi$ Y\`k\k_XY\e8YY% )/ % 9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj [Xj 9`c[ [XY\` e`Z_k n`ibc`Z_ m\ie[\ik nli[\# [`\ <[`k`\ile^ djj\eJ`\j`Z_\_\in`\\`e\Bfii\bkli$ \Y\e\mfijk\cc\e#[`\Y\i[\d9`c[c`\^k ÆJ`\bee\e[\j_XcY@_i\Bfii\bkli\ea\$ [\iq\`km\ie[\ieYqn%qliZbj\kq\e% 8lZ_ `e 9i`[^\ bee\e J`\ [`\ >i\eq\e [\i K\`c]\ejk\i m\ijZ_`\Y\e le[ j`Z_ jf \`e\e \`^\e\e 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_ jZ_X]]\e# [\eJ`\jg\`Z_\iebee\e2`Z_n\i[\[`\j XY\ie`Z_km\ik`\]\e#[X\jj`Z_[XY\``d Gi`eq`g n`\ ]i G_fkfj_fg Y\jZ_i`\Y\e m\i_ck% JZ_Xl\e J`\ \`edXc `e 9i`[^\ Xl] [`\ GXc\kk\e i\Z_kj `e [\i D`kk\ d`k [\d EX$ )0 *'
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(.
d\e D\kX[Xk\e Yqn% ;Xk\`\`^\ejZ_X]k\e 8YY% )0 1 `d 9\i\`Z_ D\kX[Xk\e j\_\e J`\ qn\` QX_c\e# [`\ @_e\e [`\ 8Yd\j$ jle^ [\j 9`c[\j `e G`o\ce [Xijk\cc\e `d 9\`jg`\c1)(0+ o(,0/ #[`\;Xk\`^i\#[`\ 8l]cjle^le[[\e=XiYdf[lj% Lek\i ;Xk\`\`^\ejZ_X]k\e j\_\e J`\ ql$ jkqc`Z_ [\e EXd\e le[ [Xj =fidXk [\i ;Xk\`# `_i <ekjk\_le^j[Xkld Y\` 9`c[\ie# [`\ f_e\ <[`k`\ile^ ]i`jZ_ mfe \`e\i BX$ d\iXbfdd\e#[Xj8l]eX_d\[Xkld #[`\ =XiYk`\]\j%BXg% '* le[[Xj\`e^\Y\kk\k\ =XiYgif]`c% *(
NXj J`\ Y\jfe[\ij ^lk `e 9i`[^\ \i$ c\[`^\e bee\e# `jk [`\ LdY\e\eele^ @_i\i ;Xk\`\e# Xl\i[\d bee\e J`\ j`\ `d ^c\`Z_\e 8k\dql^ Xe \`e\e Xe[\i\e# j`eemfcc\i\e Fik Xl] @_i\i =\jkgcXkk\ Y\$ ]i[\ie% N_c\e J`\ [`\ ;Xk\`\e Xlj# [`\ J`\ ld$ Y\e\ee\e le[ Y\n\^\e nfcc\e `e lej\$ i\d 9\`jg`\c [\i <`e]XZ__\`k _XcY\i Xcc\# 8YY% *' % N_c\e J`\ [Xee [\e 9\]\_c JkXg\c$Ld$ Y\e\eele^ Xlj [\d D\e N\ibq\l^\
8YY% *( #le[Y\kiXZ_k\eJ`\`eIl_\[Xj ;`Xcf^]\ejk\i#[Xjj`Z_]]e\k8YY% *) % QleZ_jk\`edXcbee\eJ`\\ekjZ_\`[\e# fYJ`\[`\9`c[\i`dmfi_Xe[\e\eFi[e\i ldY\e\ee\e f[\i j`\ c`\Y\i ^c\`Z_ Æ j`$ Z_\i_\`kj_XcY\iXcjBfg`\ÆnfXe[\ij_`e jg\`Z_\ie nfcc\e q% 9% n\ee J`\ j`Z_ 9`c$ [\i mfe @_i\d BXd\iXZ_`g mfi^\beg]k _XY\e % @e [\i D`kk\ [\j ;`Xcf^j [i]\e J`\ j`Z_ [\e e\l\e EXd\e [\i ;Xk\`\e qljXd$ d\eYXjk\ce# `e d\`e\d 9\`jg`\c `jk \j
\`e JkZb K\ok Y\ic`e # ^\]fc^k mfe \`e\i qn\`jk\cc`^\e QX_c# Y\^`ee\e[ Y\`(bc\`e\iK`gg1J`\bee\e#Y\mfi J`\ Xcc\j ldY\e\ee\e# [`\ 9`c[\i `d 9i`[^\$=\ejk\i d`k [\i DXlj ldjfi$ k`\i\e# n\ee @_e\e [`\ I\`_\e]fc^\ e`Z_kgXjjk % =Xccj @_e\e efZ_ n\`k\i\ EXd\ej$ Y\jkXe[k\`c\ \`e]Xcc\e# bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] \`ej [\i Gcljq\`Z_\e i\Z_kj% Qli J`Z_\i_\`k Y\bfdd\e J`\ lek\e \`e\ MfijZ_Xl Xl] @_i\ e\l\e ;Xk\`eXd\e Xe^\q\`^k% *)
(/
**
Bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] LdY\e\ee\e# ld [\e Gifq\jj`e>Xe^qlj\kq\e2`e\`e\de\l$ \e9i`[^\$=\ejk\iJKI>$E"8ljn_c\e @_i\jQ`\cfi[e\ij j\_\eJ`\[Xj
*+
*,
JkXg\cldY\e\eele^`e9i`[^\`jkjZ_fe q`\dc`Z_ giXbk`jZ_ $ efZ_ _`c]i\`Z_\i `jk [`\D^c`Z_b\`k#Xlj9i`[^\ _\iXljf[\i `e G_fkfj_fg j\cYjk d\_i\i\ 9`c[\i Xl] [`\ ^c\`Z_\ N\`j\ Y\XiY\`k\e ql cXjj\e% N`i n\i[\e [Xj dXc Xe \`e\d 9\`jg`\c Y\e% {]]e\e J`\ `e 9i`[^\ [\e Fi[e\i '(V9`c$ [\i')8YY% *+ %N\eeJ`\Xl]\`ej[\i9`c$ [\ibc`Zb\e#j\_\eJ`\i\Z_kjlek\e#[Xjj \jj`Z_ld\`e9`c[d`k[\eG`o\cdXjj\e )+''o(-''_Xe[\ck8YY% *, % N`i n\i[\e a\kqk Xcc [`\j\ 9`c[\i `e JZ_nXiq$N\` ldnXe[\ce# `_i\ 9`c[^i$ \ m\ii`e^\ie le[ j`\ bfdgi`d`\ik jg\`$ Z_\ie% ;`\ efkn\e[`^\e 9\XiY\`kle^j$ jZ_i`kk\ n\i[\e n`i Xe \`e\d [\i 9`c[\i [liZ_]_i\e#[`\j\eGifq\jjXl]q\`Z_e\e# le[ [`\ 9\XiY\`kle^ [\i Yi`^\e 9`c[\i XlkfdXk`jZ_ mfe G_fkfj_fg \ic\[`^\e cXjj\e% {]]e\e J`\ [Xj \ijk\ [\i 9`c[\i [liZ_ ;fgg\cbc`ZbXl]j\`e\D`e`Xkli`e9i`[^\% @e G_fkfj_fg bcXgg\e J`\ [`\ 8bk`fe\e$ GXc\kk\Xl]8YY% *- $`e[\iGXc\kk\j\_\e J`\ 8bk`fe\ej\kj Xl]^\c`jk\k# `d EfidXc$ ]Xcceli\`ejd`k[\dEXd\eJkXe[Xi[Xb$ k`fe\e%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(0
Ql\ijk \`edXc [\]`e`\i\e J`\ j\cYjk \`e e\l\j J\k# [liZ_ Bc`Zb Xl] [\e \ekjgi\$ Z_\e[\e 9lkkfe Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i 8bk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ E\l\e JXkq \ijk\cc\e# 8YY% *. % >\Y\e J`\ `_d [\e EXd\e 8e`$ dXk`fe 8YY% */ le[ Y\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB% @_i e\l\j J\k `jk `e [\i 8bk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ Xbk`m`\ik$jkXik\eJ`\a\kqk\`e\e\l\8bk`$ fe[liZ_Bc`ZbXl][\e9lkkfe E\l\8bk`fe \ijk\cc\e Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i 8bk`fe\e$ GXc\kk\ 8YY% *0 % 8lZ_ [`\j\d ^\Y\e J`\ \`e\e EXd\e 9V(')+# n\`c n`i l% X% [`\ 9`c[Yi\`k\ Xl] (')+ G`o\c i\[lq`\i\e n\i$ [\e#8YY% +' %
*-
*.
*/
*0
JfYXc[ J`\ [\e 9lkkfe 8l]q\`Z_e\e ^\$ [iZbk _XY\e# \inXik\k G_fkfj_fg @_i\ 8bk`fe$[Xjj[`\8l]eX_d\cl]k#j\_\e J`\Xe[\difk\eGlebkXdlek\i\eIXe[ [\i 8bk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ 8YY% +( % 8Y\i eli b\`e Jki\jj $ G_fkfj_fg q\`Z_e\k eli @_i\ 9\XiY\`kle^jjZ_i`kk\ Xl]# n`\ cXe^\ J`\[X]iYiXlZ_\e#`jk`ii\c\mXek%
+'
@d \ijk\e 9\XiY\`kle^jjZ_i`kk nXe[\ce J`\ [Xj 9`c[ `e JZ_nXiq$N\` ld# d`k$ _`c]\ \`e\i <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\# [`\ J`\ j`Z_Xlj[\d\ekjgi\Z_\e[\eD\emfd lek\i\eIXe[[\i
+)
BXg`k\c'(×G_fkfj_fgle[9i`[^\×8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_le[;Xk\`_Xe[_XYYl Ylee^^
+(
)'
+*
++
jZ_X[\e#[X[`\j\Bfii\bkliaXjgk\iY\` [\i XlkfdXk`j`\ik\e 9\XiY\`kle^ [\i Xe$ [\i\e9`c[\i\Y\e]XccjXe^\n\e[\kn`i[%
@e [\d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i [\i JZ_nXiq$ n\`$\cY]`ck\i$[X[XjFi`^`eXcq`\dc`Z_^\cY$ Y`j ifkjk`Z_`^ `jk# Yc\`Yk \j Y\` [\i Ld$ nXe[cle^ d`k [\d >\cY]`ck\i i\cXk`m _\cc 8YY% +* % 8Y\i gifY`\i\e J`\ Y\` [`\j\i >\c\^\e$ _\`kil_`^XlZ_[`\Xe[\i\eMfi^XY\eXlj f[\i jg`\c\e Xe [\e I\^c\ie% N\ee J`\ ql]i`\[\ej`e[#Y\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB%
N_c\e J`\ Xcjf [`\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli Xlj [\d \ekjgi\Z_\e$ [\e D\e [\i
8cj qn\`k\j n\i[\e J`\ \`e\ 8lkf$Kfe$ n\ikbfii\bkli [liZ_]_i\e $ XlZ_ n\ee [Xj Y\` [`\j\d 9`c[ b\`e\ e\ee\ejn\i$ k\e8ljn`ible^\e_Xk#bXee\j[fZ_e`Z_k
LdXcjeZ_jk\j\`e\e=`ck\iXen\e[\eql bee\e#bfg`\i\eJ`\Xcc\jqljXdd\eXl] \`e\e\l\
+,
+-
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)(
+/
+.
k\ Xbk`m`\ik `jk le[ [iZb\e J`\ J_`]k$8ck$ JKI>$<8YY% +- % ;Xj `jk \`e 9\]\_c# [\i d\`e\j N`jj\ej `e b\`e\d D\e Xl]kXlZ_k# le[ [\i Xcc\ j`Z_kYXi\e $<% 8l] [`\j\ e\l\ i\`$ ]\e J`\ qld JZ_Xi]q\`Z_ele^j]`ck\i d`k [\dEXd\e LejZ_Xi]dXjb`\i\eXlj[\d =`ck\i$D\e# 8YY% +/ # le[ jk\cc\e J`\ `d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i [`\ Jkib\ Xl] ('' le[[\e IX[`ljXl] )G`o\c8YY% +0 % A\kqk j`e[ J`\ ]Xjk ]\ik`^ $ i\[lq`\i\e J`\ ele [`\ 9`c[^i\% N_c\e J`\ [\e \ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c Xlj [\d 9`c[$D\e 8YY% ,' # `d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i kiX^\e J`\ ]i [`\ 9i\`k\ [\e N\ik (')+ \`e [`\ <`e_\`k\e i\Z_kj jfcck\e eXkic`Z_ G`o\c j\`e#XZ_k\eJ`\[XiXl]8YY% ,( %8lZ_[`\ Fgk`fe Gifgfik`fe\e Y\`Y\_Xck\e jfcck\ Xbk`m`\ikj\`e%
BXg`k\c'(×G_fkfj_fgle[9i`[^\×8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_le[;Xk\`_Xe[_XYYle^
,'
,(
+0
))
,*
Qld JZ_cljj dZ_k\e J`\ [`\ ;Xk\` jf jg\`Z_\ie# [Xjj j`\ jf n\e`^ GcXkq n`\ d^c`Z_YiXlZ_k$XdY\jk\e^\_k[Xjd`k [\d9\]\_c =iN\Yle[>\ik\jg\`Z_\ie Xlj[\d ;Xk\`$D\e8YY% ,) % ;Xj =\ejk\i# [Xj j`Z_ [XY\` ]]e\k# jfcck\ @_i 9`c[ `e qn\`]XZ_\i 8lj]\ik`^le^ q\`$ ^\e#n\eee`Z_k#bc`Zb\eJ`\fY\eXl][\e BXik\`i\`k\i )$]XZ_8YY% ,* % C`ebj j\_\e J`\ @_i Fi`^`eXcY`c[# i\Z_kj [`\=Xjjle^#[`\Y\`[\dXl][\ii\Z_k\e J\`k\^\n_ck\eJg\`Z_\i]fidXk\ekjk\_k$ _`\icXjj\ej`Z_Xcjf^lkHlXc`kkjm\icljk\ bfekifcc`\i\e% ,)
,+
8l][\ii\Z_k\eJ\`k\`jkXcjMfi^XY\ AG<> _fZ_ mfi\`e^\jk\cck $ n_c\e J`\ _`\i Xlj [\d D\e [`\ MXi`Xek\ AG<> d`kk\c 8YY% ,+ % @Z_ n`cc Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\ e`Z_k m\ik`\]\e# n`\ j`Z_ [`\ ^\n_ck\ HlXc`kk [`\ j`Z_ n\`k\i i\Z_kj jkl]\ecfj \`ejk\cc\e cjjk Xl] [Xj 9`c[ le[ j\`e\ >i\ Xljn`ibk $ gifY`\i\e J`\ \j XY\i il_`^ j\cY\i Xlj# [`\ i\jlck`\i\e[\ ;Xk\`^i\ n`i[ @_e\e eXZ_ a\[\i E\lY\i\Z_ele^ c`ebj lek\i [\di\Z_k\e9`c[Xe^\q\`^k%
N`i Y\^e^\e lej a\[\e]Xccj Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\d`k[\iMfi^XY\ AG<>d`kk\c% Bc`Zb\e J`\ i\Z_kj fY\e Xl] Jg\`Z_\ie# le[ J`\ [i]\e ;Xk\`eXd\ le[ Jg\`Z_\i$ fikXe^\Y\e% @Z_\dg]\_c\@_e\e#j`Z_Xe[`\j\iJk\cc\ \`e\e\`^\e\eFi[e\iXeqlc\^\e#jf[Xjj [`\ ^\jg\`Z_\ik\ Bfg`\ e`Z_k `e Bfe]c`bk d`k @_i\d Fi`^`eXc ^\ik 8YY% ,,2 d\`e Fi[e\i_\`k =iXd\j % ;Xd`k `jk [Xj Jg\`Z_\ie d`k [\e mfi^\$ efdd\e\eM\ie[\ile^\e\ic\[`^k% @_i Fi`^`eXc jfcck\e J`\ a\kqk jZ_c`\\e# f_e\[`\ve[\ile^\eqljg\`Z_\ie$[`\ Y\XiY\`k\k\ =Xjjle^ c`\^k jZ_c`\c`Z_ Y\$ i\`kj`e[\de\l\eFi[e\i% A\kqk`jk[\iQ\`kglebk^\bfdd\e#[`\8l]$ q\`Z_ele^ ql Y\\e[\e# bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xql Xl] [\e c`eb\e 9lkkfe Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i 8bk`fe\e$GXc\kk\8YY% ,- % Jf$a\kqknfcc\eJ`\XY\i[`\=iZ_k\@_i\i MfiXiY\`k \iek\e% N_c\e J`\ `e 9i`[^\ Xcc\ 9`c[\i Xl\i [\d Y\i\`kj Y\XiY\`k\$ k\eXlj8YY% ,. %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)*
,-
,,
,.
;Xd`k`jk[`\j\<`ec\`kle^XY^\jZ_cfjj\e# `d =fc^\e[\e n`i[ \j ele [Xild ^\_\e# bfebi\k\8l]^XY\eqlcj\e% ,0
-'
,/
)+
') )
DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\ 8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e A\kqkn`cc`Z_@_e\eqleZ_jk[`\n`Z_k`^j$ k\eN\ibq\l^\mfeG_fkfj_fg mfijk\cc\e# [Xd`kJ`\\`edXc\knXjqlkleY\bfdd\e Æ qleZ_jk [`\ DXc$ le[ Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l$ ^\% >\iX[\ [Xj G`ej\cn\ibq\l^ n\i[\e J`\ ]k\i YiXlZ_\e Xcj J`\ m`\cc\`Z_k [\e$ b\e# le[ qnXi mfi Xcc\d ]i [`\ 9\XiY\`$ kle^mfe8ljnX_c$le[
),
E\l JKI>$E# 8YY% ) 2 `d j`Z_ [XiXl]_`e ]]e\e[\e <`ejk\ccle^j[`Xcf^ 8YY% * ^\$ Y\eJ`\[`\^\nejZ_k\eDX\le[Xe[\$ i\n`Z_k`^\;`e^\Xe% ;Xj N`Z_k`^jk\ `jk [`\ 8Yd\jjle^ Æ ^\$ Y\e J`\ j`\ `e G`o\ce Xe le[ qnXi (')+ o .-/ ]Xccj ]i 9i\`k\ le[ ?_\ Xe[\i\ <`e_\`k\e Xe^\q\`^k n\i[\e# n_c\e J`\ G`o\c Xlj [\e i\Z_kj Xe^\fi[e\k\e Glcc$ [fne$D\ejXlj %;`\8l]cjle^jfcck\ .) G`o\c&Qfcc Y\kiX^\e# [\i =XiYdf[lj I>9# [`\ =XiYk`\]\/9`k# ?`ek\i^ile[`e_Xckjfcc$ k\ KiXejgXi\ekj\`e% Jk\cc\e J`\ [`\j\ ;`e^\ \`e]XZ_ n`\ mfe d`i mfi^\jZ_cX^\e \`e Æ nXj [`\ <`ejk\c$ cle^\e`d<`eq\ce\eY\[\lk\e#n\i[\`Z_ `e [\e eZ_jk\e BXg`k\c \iik\ie# a\kqk nfcc\e n`i lej mfi Xcc\d d`k [\e N\ib$ b q\l^\em\ikiXlkdXZ_\e% @e [\i
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
[\i Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ JZ_nXiq ]cck% ;i$ Zb\e J`\ JKI>$Q# ld [`\j iZb^e^`^ ql dXZ_\e# [Xee JKI>$9XZbjgXZ\# ld \j d`k[\i?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\N\`ql]cc\e% DXZ_\e J`\ [`\j\ qn\`k\ 8bk`fe efZ_ \`edXciZb^e^`^le[[iZb\eJ`\J_`]k$ 9XZbjgXZ\Æ\j]]e\kj`Z_\`e;`Xcf^#nf J`\ [`\ =cc]XiY\ j\cYjk Y\jk`dd\e be$ e\e# q% 9% beek\e J`\ _`\i JZ_nXiq f[\i N\`Xljn_c\e#n\ee@_i\Mfi[\i$le[ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\e[`\j\`edXce`Z_kj\`e jfcck\e#f[\iXlZ_\`e\e>iXln\ik%
+
<j jk\_\e XlZ_ Dljk\i qli M\i]^le^# ld@_i9`c[ql]cc\e2n_c\eJ`\\`e]XZ_ [\e\ekjgi\Z_\e[\e<`ekiX^Xlj[\iGlcc$ [fne$C`jk\ 8YY% - 2 J`\ bee\e a\kqk Xl] [\e bc\`e\e G]\`c e\Y\e <`^\e\j Dljk\i bc`Zb\e# ld ql \`e\i Dljk\iXljnX_c ql bfdd\e8YY% . % ,
.
-
)-
0
N_c\e J`\ \`ej Xlj# Y\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB#le[@_i9`c[n`i[d`k[\dDljk\i^\$ ]cck Æ [Xj >ile[df[lc `jk f]]\ej`Z_kc`Z_ n\j\ekc`Z_ bc\`e\i Xcj @_i 9`c[# le[ n`i[ [\jn\^\e ^\bXZ_\ck \`e =XZ_k\id`elj ]i 9`c[n`\[\i_fcle^ n`\ `d ^\q\`^k\e 9\`jg`\c#8YY% / %
/
('
J`\[\eb\em`\cc\`Z_k#[XjjJ`\[`\j\Dlj$ k\i e`\ YiXlZ_\e n\i[\e Æ \j ^`Yk XY\i \`egXXi#[`\dXej`Z_jZ_fe\_\i`dQl$ jXdd\e_Xe^ d`k 8iZ_`k\bkli[Xijk\ccle^ mfijk\cc\e bXee# Xcj [`\j\ n\e`^\e# [`\ J`\^\iX[\j\_\e%{]]e\eJ`\efZ_\`edXc [Xj Dljk\i$8ljnX_cd\e le[ bc`Zb\e J`\Xl][\ebc\`e\eG]\`ci\Z_kj2Xlj[\d Glcc[fne$D\e# [Xj j`Z_ [XiXl]_`e Xl]$ klk#n_c\eJ`\\`e\[\ilek\eXl]^\c`jk\$ k\e# n\`k\i\e Dljk\iY`Yc`fk_\b\e Xlj `e d\`e\d9\`jg`\cDljk\i#8YY% i 0%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
).
JkXkk [Xjj @_i\ Y`j_\i`^\e Dljk\i [liZ_ [`\e\l\JXddcle^\ij\kqkn\i[\e#nfc$ c\e J`\ j`\ c`\Y\i 8e]^\e 8YY% (' % A\kqk \ijZ_\`e\e [`\ e\l\e `d 8ejZ_cljj Xe [`\ Y`j_\i`^\e Dljk\i Æ n_c\e J`\ q% 9% [XjDljk\iI`jj\Xlj8YY% (( #le[Y\jk$ k`^\eJ`\d`k FB$[Xj
;iZb\eJ`\ 8ck$9XZbjgXZ\#ld@_iDljk\i [liZ_JZ_nXiqql\ij\kq\e% A\kqk n\i[\e J`\ [Xj DXcn\ibq\l^ b\ee\ec\ie\e# [Xjj J`\ Xd _l]`^jk\e m\in\e[\e# n\ee J`\ Ùg\i ?Xe[È `_i\ 8ljnX_c\e m\ie[\ie nfcc\e Yqn% @_i\ DXjb\e [Xql bfdd\e n`i efZ_# b\`e\ Jfi^\ % ;Xj G`ej\c$N\ibq\l^ bee\e J`\ m\i$ n\e[\e# ld Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ Xl]qlkiX$ ^\e# Yqn% [liZ_ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ ql \ij\kq\e# `e[\d J`\ d`k [\i KXjk\ O qn`$ jZ_\e[\eY\`[\emfi\`e^\jk\cck\e=XiY\e _`e$le[_\ijZ_Xck\e% (*
()
)/
(+
@ejf]\iebee\eJ`\[\eG`ej\cXlZ_]Xjk `dd\iXeJk\cc\[\jIX[`\i\i m\in\e[\e# nXj[Xj8iY\`k\eeXkic`Z_\ic\`Z_k\ik%
(,
(-
(.
;iZb\e J`\ a\kqk 9# ld [Xj G`ej\c$ N\ibq\l^ Xljqln_c\e 9ilj_# 8YY% (+ % JZ_nXiqjfcck\efZ_[`\Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ j\`e#n\eeJ`\a\kqkd`k[\dG`ej\cdXc\e nfcc\e# n\i[\e J`\ e`Z_kj j\_\e% 8Y\i Y\mfi n`i Mfi[\i$ le[ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ kXljZ_\e# n`cc `Z_ @_e\e q\`^\e# n`\ J`\ [`\ G`ej\c[`Zb\ le[ j\`e\ BXek\ejZ_i]\ d`k_`c]\mfeJ_fikZlkjm\ie[\iebee\e# n_i\e[J`\d`k[\dN\ibq\l^XiY\`k\eÆ [XjjgXik@_e\e[Xj?\ild^\bc`Zb\`e[\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\% {]]e\e J`\ dXc [`\ KXjkXkliY\]\_cjY\i$ j`Z_kXlj[\d9\XiY\`k\e$D\e8YY% (, # \j jfcck\ [Xj J\k G_fkfj_fg$JkXe[Xi[j Xlj^\n_ckj\`e8YY% (- % CXjj\e J`\ j`Z_ [`\ KXjkXkliY\]\_c\ ]i N\ibq\l^\Xeq\`^\e#le[jZifcc\eJ`\`e [\i C`jk\ [Xilek\i eXZ_ lek\e Æ [fik j\$ _\eJ`\[`\KXjk\ebiq\cqldM\ibc\`e\ie [\i G`ej\c^i\ # qld M\i^i\ie jfn`\ qli M\ii`e^\ile^ [\i BXek\ejZ_i$ ]\5 le[ql[\i\eXeq\XcjJ\kd`k\`$ e\de\l\eEXd\ejg\`Z_\ieq% 9%@_i\e @e`k`Xc\e # [liZ_ Bc`Zb\e Xl] [Xj \ekjgi\$ Z_\e[\JpdYfc8YY% (/ % EledXc\eJ`\dXc\`eY`jjZ_\eXl]@_i\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)0
(/
(0
jZ_nXiq\e=cZ_\_\ild#le[m\in\e[\e [XY\` @_i\ m`\i KXjk\e# ld [\e 8l]kiX^ ql mXi``\i\e Æ [fZ_ ql\ijk kXljZ_\e J`\ d`k_`c]\ [\i KXjk\ O Mfi[\i$ le[ ?`ek\i$ ^ile[]XiY\ Xlj# ld d`k N\` dXc\e ql bee\e8YY% (0 % <`e gXXi MXi`Xek\e j\_\e J`\ `e 8YY% )' Æ J`\ d\ib\e# [Xjj XlZ_ ^Xeq ^if\ G`e$ j\c^i\ed^c`Z_j`e[%KXljZ_\eJ`\d`k O [`\ =XiY\e Xlj# le[ dXc\e J`\ qli 8Y$ n\Z_jcle^d`kJZ_nXiq8YY% )( %
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
)(
)'
*'
`e[\dJ`\n\`k\i\Glebk\d`k^\[iZbk\i J_`]k$KXjk\gcXkq`\i\e% JfYXc[J`\f_e\J_`]k$KXjk\`i^\e[nf_`e bc`Zb\e#Y\^`eek\`e\e\l\C`e`\% ;Xj >Xeq\ ]lebk`fe`\ik `e a\[\d Y\c`\Y`$ ^\eN`eb\c#e`Z_kYcf`eY\jk`ddk\e#n`\ n`i \j mfd J_`]k$CfZb `e :8;$Gif^iXd$ d\eb\ee\e8YY% )) % =cc\e J`\ n`\[\i d`k JZ_nXiq# ld \k$ nXjXe[\i\jXljqlgifY`\i\e[Xqljfcck\ ))
<`e\e n\`k\i\e Ki`Zb jfcck\e J`\ b\ee\e# ^\iX[\n\eeJ`\\jd`k8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b qlkle_XY\e1J`\bee\ed`k[`\j\ddX$ c\i`jZ_\e#jZ_\`eYXijfle^\eXl\eN\ib$ b q\l^ XlZ_ ^Xeq ^\iX[\ C`e`\e \iq\l^\e Æ[Xqlq`\_\eJ`\[`\DXlje`Z_k#jfe[\ie \iq\l^\e 8e]Xe^j$ le[ <e[glebk \`e\i C`e`\a\n\`cjd`k\`e\dDXljbc`Zb#nfY\` J`\Y\`dqn\`k\e[`\ J_`]k$KXjk\^\[iZbk _Xck\e% =cc\eJ`\\ijkdXc@_i\9`c[]cZ_\n`\[\i d`k JZ_nXiq n\ee [Xj efZ_ [`\ Mfi[\i$ ^ile[]XiY\ `jk# g\i 8ck$9XZbjgXZ\ # le[ c\^\ecfjÆ\`eBc`Zb]i[\e\ijk\eBc\Zbj# [Xee\`eqn\`k\id`k^\[iZbk\i J_`]k$KXj$ k\# le[ G_fkfj_fg m\iY`e[\k [`\ Y\`[\e d`k \`e\i ^\iX[\e @ek\igfcXk`fe [Xqn`$ jZ_\e% J`\ bee\e Y\c`\Y`^ n\`k\i\ C`e`$ \e \iq\l^\e# [`\ j`Z_ [XiXe XejZ_c`\\e# )+
)*
JKI>$9XZbjgXZ\ ^\_\e# [\ee \`^\ekc`Z_ djjk\ JZ_nXiq ^\iX[\ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[$ ]XiY\j\`e %>i\`]\eJ`\[XeeqldIX[`\i$ ^ldd`$N\ibq\l^ < n`\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
*(
=cc\eJ`\a\kqkefZ_\`edXc[`\=cZ_\d`k JZ_nXiq le[ dXc\e J`\ \`e gXXi ^\iX[\ 9Xcb\e d`k [\d G`ej\cn\ibq\l^ n\ee J`\Y\`dQ`\_\e[\iDXlj[`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ ^\[iZbk_Xck\e#n\i[\e[`\C`e`\e\oXbk _fi`qfekXc^\dXck#8YY% ), % GifY`\i\e J`\ a\kqk Xlj# n`\ J`\ d`k [\d Bfg`\ijk\dg\c$N\ibq\l^9`c[k\`c\bcfe\e bee\eÆn_c\eJ`\\jXljJ]i JkXdg Yqn% J_`]k$J# ]Xccj \`e\j [\i Xe[\i\e I\$ kljZ_`\in\ibq\l^\ mfie c`\^\e jfcck\# 8YY% )- %
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
),
)-
)/
).
*)
=cc\eJ`\@_i\9`c[]cZ_\a\kqk\`edXcd`k >iXl J_`]k$9XZbjgXZ\ d`k \ekjgi\Z_\e$ [\i8ljnX_c#8YY% )0 % Bc`Zb\e J`\ `e [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\ [Xj Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$N\ibq\l^ Xe f[\i m\in\e$ [\eJ`\Xck\ieXk`mGYqn%J_`]k$G#n\ee\j G e`Z_kmfie`e[\i>ilgg\c`\^k#8YY% *' % )0
9\mfi J`\ cfjc\^\e# Y\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj fY\e`e[\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\[`\gXjj\e$ [\eMfi\`ejk\ccle^\e^\kif]]\en\i[\e% Qld <`e\e nfcc\e J`\ d`k [\d Q\`Z_\e$ jk`]k \`e\ jf^\eXeek\ =fid\Y\e\ \iq\l$ ^\e E_\i\j jgk\i# 8YY% *( # qld 8e[\$ i\edZ_k\eJ`\XlZ_n`ibc`Z_[XjÙ\Z_k\È Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$N\ibq\l^ le[ e`Z_k j\`e\ =i\`]fid$MXi`Xek\ m\in\e[\e 8YY% *) # Xl\i[\d nfcc\e J`\ mfi_\i [`\ =XiY\ Y\jk`dd\e# [`\ `ee\i_XcY [\j ql q\`Z_$ e\e[\e C`e`\eql^j \ekjk\_k 8YY% ** Æ n\ee\je`Z_kN\`j\`ejfcc#bc`Zb\eJ`\ \`e]XZ_ `e [Xj bc\`e\ =XiY$@Zfe le[ Y\$ jk`dd\e\`e\Xe[\i\`Z__XY\d`Z_q% 9% ]i\`e_\cc\j9cXl\ekjZ_`\[\e#8YY% *+ %
*'
*(
*)
A\kqk bc`Zb\e J`\ Xe lek\ijZ_`\[c`Z_\e Jk\cc\e Xl] @_i 9`c[ 8YY% *, Æ n\ee J`\ eXZ_ [\d Bc`Zb [`\ DXljkXjk\ ^\[iZbk _Xck\ele[\`eY`jjZ_\eq`\_\e#\ekjk\_k \`eBlim\eglebk8YY% *- % **
*+
*-
*,
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
**
<`ec\kqk\iBc`ZbXl][\e\ijk\eGlebk[\i J\i`\jZ_c`\k[`\=fid[\ejf^\eXeek\e G]X[ qleZ_jk\`edXc8YY% *. % J`\ bee\e [`\j\ =`^li a\kqk efZ_ eXZ_$ Y\XiY\`k\e# q% 9% d`k [\d ;`i\bkXljnX_c$ N\ibq\l^8#8YY% */ % N_c\eJ`\[`\j\jXljle[bc`Zb\eqn\`$ dXc Xl] \`e\e [\i
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
+.
*.
*/
*0
+'
+(
+)
+*
++
+,
+/
+-
*+
,'
+0
=Xccj J`\ a\kqk efZ_ \`e\ n\`k\i\ G]X[$ XljnX_c d`k [\d Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$N\ibq\l^ Xl] [\i ^c\`Z_\e
EXZ_ [\d Q\`Z_e\e bee\e J`\ `e [\i DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i $ KXjk\ bee\e J`\ j`Z_ [`\ ^\q\`Z_e\k\ =fid Yi`^\ej Xcj G`o\cXljnX_c `ej 9`c[ cX[\e 8YY% ,( % F_e\ [`\j _`\i m\ik`\]\e ql nfcc\e# jfcck\e J`\ n`jj\e# [Xjj \j XlZ_ld^\b\_ik]lebk`fe`\ik$\`e\G`o\c$ XljnX_cbXee`e\`e\eM\bkfig]X[ld^\$ ,(
G_fkfj_fg `e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
*,
,)
$ [\e9\]\_cXlj[\dG]X[$GXc\kk\ed\e% J`\ bee\e XlZ_ CZ_\i Xlj @_i\i =fid jZ_e\`[\eÆm\in\e[\eJ`\[Xqleli[`\ Fgk`fe Mfd G]X[Y\i\`Z_ jlYkiX_`\i\e 8YY% ,) % 9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj J`\ n`\ \Y\e jZ_fe [Xql @_i\e G]X[ \`edXc [\Xbk`m`\i\e le[ d`k \`e\d qn\`k\e Bc`Zb `e [`\ M\b$ b kfidXjb\e$D`e`Xkli n`\[\i Y\XiY\`kYXi dXZ_\e% ;liZ_ Bc`Zb Xl] [`\ DXjb\ed`e`Xkli [\i =fid\Y\e\j\_\eJ`\[Xj>Xeq\f_e\[`\ 9\^i\eqle^jc`e`\e8YY% ,* % ,+
N\ee J`\ @_i\i ^\q\`Z_e\k\e =cZ_\ \`$ e\e IXe[ m\igXjj\e nfcc\e# bc`Zb\e J`\ [fgg\ck`e[\e
,*
N`i j`e[ a\kqk \ijk \`edXc [liZ_ d`k [\e DXc$ le[ Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\e le[ n\i$ [\e lej d`k [\d K_\dX 8ljnX_c# BXe$ c\ele[DXjb\eY\jZ_]k`^\e% ,+
*-
,,
,-
b\e j`Z_ XY\i Y`kk\ [\e J_fikZlk JKI>$;# n\`cJ`\[Xjelen`ibc`Z_jke[`^dXZ_\e djj\e le[ [Xql e`Z_k `dd\i d`k `_i\i DXlj `e \`e\d D\e _\ildbc`Zb\e nfc$ c\e% 8ljnX_c\e# \^Xc d`k n\cZ_\d N\ibq\l^ \ekjkXe[\e# j`e[ `d Gi`eq`g `dd\i _e$ c`Z_ql_Xe[_XY\e#[\jn\^\en`cc`Z_Xe [`\j\iJk\cc\\`egXXi8jg\bk\m\ik`\]\e%
,.
=fid\Y\e\ le[ ]cc\e J`\ [`\ 9`c[]cZ_\ n`\[\i d`k JZ_nXiq% N_c\e J`\ [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ib$ q\l^ Xlj 8YY% ,, le[ q`\_\e J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i DXljkXjk\ \`e I\Z_k\Zb Y\i @_i\ijZ_nXiq\e=cZ_\Xl]8YY% ,- %
,/
,0
;iZb\e J`\ 9XZbjgXZ\# ld [\e Xlj^\$ n_ck\e9\i\`Z_qlcjZ_\eÆ\j\ijZ_\`ek [XiXl]_`e [\i G_fkfj_fg$?`ek\i^ile[# [`\ Xlj^\n_ck\e jZ_nXiq\e G`o\c j`e[ m\ijZ_nle[\e8YY% ,. % ;`\8ljnX_cdXib`\ile^[`\n`\\`e\I\`$ _\ 8d\`j\e Xljj`\_k `jk efZ_ ql j\_\e2 [Xd`kJ`\n\`k\iXiY\`k\ebee\e#djj\e J`\[`\j\`eXcc\iI\^\ccfjn\i[\eÆ[Xql ^`Yk \j \`e\e D\eY\]\_c 8ljnX_c$D\$ e1 8ljnX_c Xl]_\Y\e# 8YY% ,/ # J`\ d\i$
DXZ_\e J`\ @_i\ c\kqk\e 8iY\`kjjZ_i`kk\ iZb^e^`^# Y`j J`\ n`\[\i [`\ mfccjke$ [`^\jZ_nXiq\=cZ_\j\_\e$f_e\CfZ_ le[ f_e\ 8ljnX_c$Ù8d\`j\eÈ $# `e[\d J`\ d\_i]XZ_ 8ck$JKI>$Q [iZb\e `e Xe$ [\i\e Gif^iXdd\e i\`Z_k [Xql JKI>$Q# Y\`G_fkfj_fg bee\eJ`\[Xd`keli[\e c\kqk\eJZ_i`kkiZb^e^`^dXZ_\e % 8ck\ieXk`m bee\e J`\ XlZ_ `e [\i Gifkf$ bfcc$GXc\kk\Xl][\e<`ekiX^=cc\Y\e\bc`$ Zb\e%;XjnXi[\i8iY\`kjjZ_i`kk#Y\`[\d J`\[`\=cZ_\d`kJZ_nXiq^\]cck_Xkk\e 8YY% ,0 % ;`\ Gifkfbfcc$GXc\kk\ c`jk\k [`\ c\kqk\e 8i$ Y\`kjjZ_i`kk\ `e d\_i f[\i n\e`^\i m\i$ jke[c`Z_\e 9\^i`]]\e Xl]# jf[Xjj J`\ ql Y\c`\Y`^\e JkXk`fe\e @_i\i 9\XiY\`kle^ qliZbb\_i\e bee\e2 [`\ 8eqX_c [\i ^\jg\`Z_\ik\e8iY\`kjjZ_i`kk\Y\ki^kg\i Mfi\`ejk\ccle^ )' le[ bXee `e [\e Gif$ ^iXdd$Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\e m\ie[\ik n\i$ [\e8YY% -' %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
*.
-'
Jf#a\kqk`jkXcc\jn`\[\ijZ_nXiq%8Z_k\e J`\ [iXl]# [Xjj [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$ N\ibq\l^ Xlj^\n_ck `jk Æ jZ_Xl\e J`\ `e [`\ Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ Xd fY\i\e 9`c[$ jZ_`idiXe[#nf[`\<`ejk\ccd^c`Z_b\`k\e ]i [Xj Xbkl\cc Xlj^\n_ck\ N\ibq\l^ Xe^\q\`^kn\i[\e% ;fikn_c\eJ`\Xlj[\dGlcc[fne$D\e d`k [\d EXd\e 8ik [`\ MXi`Xek\ =\jk\j J\`k\em\i_cke`j Xlj 8YY% -( # [XiXl]_`e bee\eJ`\]i 9i\`k\le[?_\=Xbkfi\e Xe^\Y\e8YY% -) 2n\eeJ`\[`\8ljnX_c [Xd`k q\`Z_e\e# _Xk [Xj I\Z_k\Zb `dd\i [`\^c\`Z_\Gifgfik`fe8YY% -* % F]k djj\e J`\ [`\ 8ljnX_cbXek\ n\`Z_$ q\`Z_e\ef[\i[\eXlj^\n_ck\e9\i\`Z_ m\ibc\`e\ie f[\i m\i^i\ie Æ bc`Zb\e J`\#\Y\e]Xccj`e[\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\#Xl] BXek\m\iY\jj\ie8YY% -+ % <j ]]e\k j`Z_ \`e <`ejk\ccle^j]\c[ 8YY% -, $ giXbk`jZ_\in\`j\ ^`Yk \j \`e\ MfijZ_Xl#[`\[Xj
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
-(
-)
-,
-*
*/
--
-.
-/
G_fkfj_f G_fk fj_fg g`e `e [\i [\i 8iZ_` 8iZ_`k\bk k\bkli^i li^i ^ X]`b
*0
>\Y\eJ`\a\kqk]i 8Yile[\ele[BfekiXjk \`e\eN\ikmfe(''\`e#Xcc\jXe[\i\jk\c$ c\eJ`\Xl] '8YY% -- Æ@_i\8ljnX_c`jk mfccjke[`^ jZ_Xi]^\q\`Z_e\k# [`\
-0
;Xd`k [\i J`ee [\j ^Xeq\e 8ljnX_cgif$ q\[\i\\knXjbcXi\in`i[#c\^\eJ`\\`e\ e\l\$E le[ J`\ Y\bfdd\e bfdd\ekXicfj\`e\e\l\
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
.'
Bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xql d`k [\i DXlj Xl] [Xj \ekjgi\Z_\e[\@ZfeXdlek\i\eIXe[[\i $Ej% f% % ;iZb\e J`\ [XY\` XY\i ^c\`Z_q\`k`^ [`\ JKI>$KXjk\ Æ [`\ e\l\
.)
.(
+'
QleZ_jk n_c\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ le[ _Xck\e Y\`d Q\`Z_e\e [\j 8ljnX_ciX_d\ej [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\^\[iZbkÆ[XjI\Z_k\Zbn`i[ ql\`e\dHlX[iXk%;Xj^c\`Z_\^`ck]i[Xj 8ljnX_c\cc`gj\e$N\ibq\l^# [Xj j`Z_ `e [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\ _`ek\i [\d I\Z_k$ \Zb m\ijk\Zbk _ck 8YY% .+ Æ n\ee J`\ [`\j qld 8l]q`\_\e \`e\i 8ljnX_c m\i$ n\e[\e le[ ^c\`Z_q\`k`^ [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ [iZb\e#n`i[Xlj[\i
.*
;\eb\eJ`\Y\`d8eYc`Zb[\j
.+
N`\ J`\ `e 8YY% .+ XlZ_ j\_\e# ^`Yk \j qld 8l]il] [\j 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$ le[ 8ljnX_c\cc`gj\e$N\ibq\l^j \`e\e Bliq$ Y\]\_cD #elin`\\ekjZ_\`[\eJ`\#n\c$ Z_\j[\iY\`[\eJ`\[Xd`kY\bfdd\e6
JZ_Xl\eJ`\ql[`\j\dK_\dXdXc`e[\e G_fkfj_fg$Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\e eXZ_ DX$ A\kqk ^`YkËj efZ_ \`e gXXi Ki`Zbj# [`\ d`k [\d K_\dX 8ljnX_c ql kle _XY\e% J`\ ZFJ1 G_fkfj_fg$D\e1 Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\e bee\e [Xql \`e]XZ_ @_i\ ;Xk\` m\in\e$ Æ 8cc^\d\`e# 8YY% .,2 `e [\i N`e[fnj$ [\e# [X n`i Xd 9`c[ e`Z_kj e[\ie n\i$ M\ij`fe ]`e[\e j`Z_ [`\ Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\e [\e% lek\e `d 9\XiY\`k\e$D\e % ;fik j\_\e J`\ i\Z_kj \`e\ Fgk`fe d`k [\i 9\q\`Z_$ ele^ LdjZ_XckkXjk\ ]i Xe[\i\j N\ib$ q\l^Æ[`\j\jfcck\Xbk`m`\ikj\`e8YY% .- % 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% ;iZb\e J`\ ele [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ le[ d\_idXcj _`ek\i\`eXe[\i D [Xj `jk [\i BliqY\]\_c ]i [Xj 8ljnX_ciX_d\e$ N\ibq\l^ %
.,
.-
G_fkfj_fg G_fkfj_f g`e `e [\i [\i 8iZ_` 8iZ_`k\bk k\bkli^i li^iX]`b X]`b
+(
N`\ J`\ `e [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\ j\_\e bee\e# n\Z_j\ce J`\ [Xd`k qn`jZ_\e [\i I\Z_k\Zb$ le[ $;# ld [`\ 8ljnX_c$8d\`j\e n`\[\i cfjql$ n\i[\e% A\kqkjkXik\eJ`\n`\[\i\`e\8ljnX_c#Xc$ c\i[`e^j[`\jdXcd`k^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\% J`\ j\_\e# n`\ [`\ 8ljnX_c jf ^\q\`Z_$ e\kn`i[#[Xjj[\iql\ijk^\bc`Zbk\Glebk qldD`kk\cglebk@_i\jI\Z_k\ZbjYqn%@_$ i\i
..
\`e\8ljnX_cXeql]^\e#`jk[`\je`Z_kjf% J`\ bee\e a\[fZ_ [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ cfjcXj$ j\e# jfYXc[ J`\ d`k [\d 8l]q`\_\e @_i\i qljkqc`Z_\e 8ljnX_c Y\^fee\e _XY\e2 [iZb\e J`\ j`\ [XeXZ_ n`\[\i# Y\bfd$ d\eJ`\@_iHlX[iXkYqn%@_i\eBi\`j% ./
v_ec`Z_n`\[Xj8[[`\i\e]lebk`fe`\ik[Xj JlYkiX_`\i\e Æ [iZb\e J`\ [`\jdXc [`\ 8ck$KXjk\# n\ee J`\ mfe \`e\i Y\jk\_\e$ [\e8ljnX_cd`k\`e\in\`k\i\e8ljnX_c \knXjXYq`\_\enfcc\e8YY% ./ % JZ_e`kkd\e^\e \iq\l^\e J`\ [liZ_ ;i$ Zb\emfeJ_`]kle[8ck% GXjj\e[qldK_\dX#n`\J`\8ljnX_c\e Xl]YXl\e le[ dXe`glc`\i\e bee\e# `jk [`\ D^c`Z_b\`k# [`\ _`ek\i [\d 9\]\_c 8ljnX_c kiXej]fid`\i\e jk\Zbk 8ljnX_c$ D\e#8YY% .0 2jfi^\eJ`\[X]i#[XjjJ`\ \`e\ 8ljnX_c _XY\e \`e\ jf^\eXeek\ ÙjZ_n\Y\e[\È 8ljnX_c # le[ n_c\e J`\ [`\j\e9\]\_cÆa\kqkbee\eJ`\@_i\8lj$ nX_cjki\Zb\ele[[i\_\e#XZ_k\eJ`\\`e$ ]XZ_ [XiXl]# nXj @_i DXljZlijfi Xeq\`^k 8YY% /'le[/( % N\eeJ`\]`e[\e#[Xjj@_i\8ljnX_ci`Z_$ k`^ jbXc`\ik Yqn% ^\[i\_k `jk# [iZb\e J`\ I\klieÆ[Xd`kjZ_c`\\eJ`\[`\KiXej]fi$ dXk`fe[\i8ljnX_cXY8YY% /) % N\ee@_e\egckqc`Z_\`e]cck#[XjjJ`\[`\ 8ljnX_cc`\Y\i[fZ_e`Z_ke[\ienfcc\e# [iZb\eJ`\[`\ <jZXg\$KXjk\%
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
.0
/'
/)
/(
+)
/*
A\kqk ql \`e\d n\`k\i\e 8ljnX_cn\ib$ b q\l^ Æ ]]e\e J`\ Y`kk\ [`\ ;Xk\` gjX^VYV k\iiX^e`%gj[8YY% /* % E\_d\en`iXe#J`\nfcc\e[Xj>\Yl[\ d`k \`e\i Xe[\i\e =XiY\ m\ij\_\e# [Xee ni\ \j efkn\e[`^# [`\ \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e =cZ_\e[XqlXljqln_c\e% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [Xj jf^\eXeek\ Gfcp^fe$ CXjjf `e [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\ [`i\bk /+
lek\i [\d 8ljnX_ciX_d\e$N\ibq\l^# 8YY% /+ 2 n\ee J`\ [fik \knXj Xe[\i\j j\_\e#n\`cj`Z_XlZ__`\id\_i\i\Kffcj _`ek\i\`e\d@Zfem\ijk\Zb\e#[iZb\eJ`\ J_`]kle[jff]k C#Y`j[Xj^\nejZ_k\\i$ jZ_\`ek% M\ijlZ_\eJ`\a\kqk#d`k\`e\i8Y]fc^\mfe Bc`Zbj \`e\ gfcp^feXc\ 8ljnX_c ld [Xj ?Xljqlq\`Z_e\e%
/,
J`\ nfcc\e e_\i _\iXe# ld ^\eXl\i Xi$ Y\`k\eqlbee\e6 ;\eb\eJ`\Xed\`e\?`en\`j\Xlj[\d \ijk\e BXg`k\c# [Xjj J`\ [Xql e`Z_k @_i N\ibq\l^ XY$ le[ [Xj Clg\en\ibq\l^ Xebc`Zb\e djj\e Æ [iZb\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ JKI>$C\\ikXjk\#ldk\dgfii[`\Clg\ql j\_\e#q`\_\eJ`\[Xd`k\`e\e9\i\`Z_Xl]# [\eJ`\m\i^i\ik_XY\enfcc\e#cXjj\e J`\ JKI>$C\\ikXjk\ n`\[\i cfj# le[ Y\$ ^`ee\eJ`\d`k[\dbc`Zbn\`j\eQ\`Z_e\e @_i\i8ljnX_c% N\eeJ`\[\e9`c[XljjZ_e`kkm\ijZ_`\Y\e nfcc\e# Yc\`Y\e J`\ Y\`d Gfcp^fe$CXjjf#
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
+*
[iZb\e J`\ [`\jdXc eli [`\ C\\ikXjk\# le[ J`\ bee\e [\e 9`c[XljjZ_e`kk d`k [\d ?e[Z_\e$:lijfi m\ijZ_`\Y\e [\i 8ljjZ_e`kkm\ijZ_`\Ykj`Z_XlZ_mfeXcc\`e# n\ee J`\ d`k [\d Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^ Xe [\e =\ejk\iiXe[ jkf\e# d`i g\ijec`Z_ `jk[XjXY\iql_\bk`jZ_ % ;XJ`\`e[`\j\d9\`jg`\c#le[XlZ_jfejk `e [\i 8iZ_`k\bkli[Xijk\ccle^# f]k j\eb$ f[\inXX^i\Z_kÙq\`Z_e\eÈdjj\e#d\i$ b\eJ`\j`Z_#[XjjJ`\[Xql[`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ [iZb\e% N\eeJ`\dXc]XcjZ_^\bc`Zbk_\Y\e#[i$ Zb\e J`\ 9XZbjgXZ\# ld [\e Bc`Zb iZb$ b ^e^`^qldXZ_\eÆ[Xj]lebk`fe`\ikXlZ_ d\_i]XZ_#Y`jqliZbqld8e]Xe^% ;Xj CfZ_ i\Z_kj lek\e# [liZ_ [Xj J`\ Ù?`dd\cÈ le[ 9f[\e j\_\e# q`\_\e J`\ eXZ_ =\ik`^jk\ccle^ @_i\i 8ljnX_c$Ld$ iXe[le^ XY# `e[\d J`\ 8ck [iZb\e le[ Y\^`ee\e#\j\Y\e]Xccjd`k[\d Gfcp^fe$ CXjjf Xljqln_c\e Æ \`e bc\`e\j D`elj$ q\`Z_\eXdCXjjf$JpdYfcq\`^k@_e\eXe# [XjjJ`\[Xd`kmfe[\iY\jk\_\e[\e8lj$ nX_c\knXjXYq`\_\e8YY% /,2[`\ 8ck$KXj$ k\ YiXlZ_\e J`\ eli ]i [\e \ijk\e Bc`Zb ql [iZb\e# [Xee bee\e J`\ j`\ n`\[\i cfjcXjj\e %
/-
;Xj ^\_k eXkic`Z_# le[ qnXi gXjj\e[\i$ n\`j\d`k[\d9\]\_c 8ljnX_cjg\`Z_\ie Xlj[\d 8ljnX_c$D\e8YY% /. % @d ;`Xcf^ Y\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj _`ek\i BX$ eXcE\ljk\_kBXeXc`jk[\iK\id`elj#[\e G_fkfj_fg _`ek\i [\e Blc`jj\e ]i [`\ 8ljnX_cm\in\e[\k#8YY% // #le[kiX^\e Y\`EXd\\knXjgXjj\e[\j\`e#q% 9%9Xl$ n\ib%9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% //
N\ee J`\ Xcc\j i`Z_k`^ ^\dXZ_k _XY\e# jk\_k[`\8ljnX_c8YY% /- % Jk\cc\eJ`\j`Z_mfi#nXjJ`\Xcc\jd`k[\d Xlj^\n_ck\e 9`c[k\`c dXZ_\e beek\e Æ \`e\e =`ck\i Xen\e[\e# [`\ =XiY\ m\ie$ [\ie# `_e _\cc\i f[\i bfekiXjki\`Z_\i dX$ Z_\e\kZ%
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
/.
++
@_i\8ljnX_cele^\$ cX^\ik6JZ_Xl\eJ`\`e[\iBXec\$GXc\kk\ eXZ_ Æ [fik j\_\e J`\ lek\i @_i\e I>9$ =XiYbXec\e# Xlj [\e\e j`Z_ @_i 9`c[ ql$ jXdd\ej\kqk#\`e\ee\l\eBXeXc#[\i[`\ 8ljnX_c `e =fid \`e\j JZ_nXiq$N\`$ 9`c[\jq\`^k8YY% /02bc`Zb\eJ`\Xl][\e BXeXc#ld`_ej\gXiXkqlj\_\e % N`\ J`\ j\_\e# `jk [\i Xlj^\n_ck\ 9\$ i\`Z_n\`#[\iI\jkJZ_nXiq%Mfe[`\j\d BXeXc Xlj bee\e J`\ a\[\iq\`k n`\[\i Xl]@_i\8ljnX_cqliZb^i\`]\e% 9\mfi J`\ ele `e [`\ 9$BXec\ \j i\`Z_k# n\ee J`\Xl][\efY\ijk\ebc`Zb\e#8YY% 0' % E\_d\en`ieleXcjfXe#J`\_XY\e@_i\ 8ljnX_c Xlj M\ij\_\e Xl]^\_fY\e f[\i @_e\e ]cck ql \`e\d jgk\i\e Q\`kglebk \`e# [Xjj J`\ j`\ efZ_ \`edXc YiXlZ_\e1 n_c\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ 8ljnX_c cX[\e 8lj$ nX_c$D\e# 8YY% 0( le[ Xlj [\d BXeXc$ Glcc[fne$D\e [\e <`ekiX^ 9Xln\ib f[\i n`\ `dd\i J`\ @_i\ 8ljnX_c ^\$ eXeek_XY\e#8YY% 0) %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB le[@_i\8d\`j\ej`e[n`\[\i[X%
/0
;Xd`k J`\ j\_\e# nXj J`\ mfe \`e\i jfc$ Z_\e8ljnX_c_XY\e#n\i[\en`iefZ_\`$ e\e bc\`e\e 8lj]cl^ `e [`\ =XiYbfii\bkli lek\ie\_d\e% 8Z_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj @_i\ 8ljnX_c ql 0'
0)
0(
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
+,
j\_\e `jk# le[ n_c\e J`\ [Xj Bfii\bkli$ Kffc =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^ 9`c[$D\e1 8e$ gXjjle^\e#8YY% 0* @d;`Xcf^jk\cc\eJ`\[\e =XiYkfeXl] $(,' le[ [`\ Jkk`^le^ Xl] $,' 8YY% 0+ % @d 9`c[j\_\eJ`\q\`k^c\`Z_#n`\@_i9Xln\ib [`\ =XiY\ e[\ik le[ ^c\`Z_q\`k`^ \knXj \ek]iYk n`i[% ;\i Jkk`^le^jn\ik ^`Yk [\e >iXl^\_Xck [\i =XiY\ Xe $ `d gfj`$ 0*
0,
k`m\e9\i\`Z_n`i[[`\j\im\id`e[\ik#`d e\^Xk`m\e 9\i\`Z_ m\ijkibk% 9\jkk`^\e J`\d`k FB% N\e[\e J`\ ele efZ_ \`e\e =`ck\i Xe Æ n\ee \`e\ 8ljnX_c ^\kif]]\e `jk# n`ibk j`Z_ \`e jfcZ_\i eli Xl] [\e Xlj^\n_c$ k\e9\i\`Z_Xlj% @_i\8ljnX_c`jkefZ_[X#jfejkcX[\eJ`\ j`\j`Z_j% f% Æn_c\eJ`\[XeeXlj[\d =`ck\i$D\e [\e JZ_Xi]q\`Z_ele^j]`ck\i d`k[\dfd`ej\eEXd\e LejZ_Xi]dXj$ b`\i\e8YY% 0, %
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
0+
+-
0-
=i[`\<`ejk\ccle^\en_c\eJ`\ Jkib\4 )''le[ IX[`lj4)#'8YY% 0- %@d9`c[j\$ _\eJ`\#[Xjjj`Z_[\ijZ_femfi_Xe[\e\ Bfie\]]\bk `d Xlj^\n_ck\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_ [\lkc`Z_m\ijkibk% M\ijlZ_\e J`\ XlZ_ [`\ Xe[\i\e Y\`[\e Bfcc\^\e Xlj [\i CXjjf$=iXbk`fe Æ [Xj \`e]XZ_\ CXjjfbfddk@_e\enX_ijZ_\`e$ 0.
c`Z_\knXjle^\eXlmfi#[Xj
0/
Eleqldc\kqk\en`Z_k`^\e8ljnX_cn\ib$ b q\l^ `e [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\# [\d QXl$ Y\ijkXY% {]]e\eJ`\Y`kk\[Xj9`c[ gjX^VYVki\\%gj[Æ J`\j\_\e\`e\ejZ_nXiq\e9Xldmfi]Xi$ Y`^\d?`ek\i^ile[8YY% 0/ % ;Xj \ijk\# nXj lej Y\` \`e\d 9Xld \`e$ ]cck# `jk# [Xjj n`i `_e ]i\`jk\cc\e nfcc\e# [% _%`_emfej\`e\d?`ek\i^ile[Y\]i\`\e# ld `_e `e \`e\i 8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b \`ej\k$ q\eqlbee\e% ;Xj`jk`dEfidXc]Xcc\oki\de\imkk\e[# n\`c[`\Yckki`^\#m\ijk\ck\Bfekli\`e\j 9Xld\j jZ_n\i Xljqln_c\e `jk Æ Xl$ \i[\d _XY\e 9ld\ ÙCZ_\iÈ# [liZ_ [`\dXe\Y\e]Xccj[\e?`ek\i^ile[j`\_k#
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
+.
00
$ _XY\ej`e[Xcjq% 9%d\ejZ_c`Z_\=`^li\e f[\i=i`jli\e% @e [`\j\d =Xcc `jk [`\ J`klXk`fe XY\i ^\$ iX[\ql gXiX[`\j`jZ_# [\ee [\i 9Xld _Xk f]]\ej`Z_kc`Z_ e`i^\e[nf [`\ =XiY\ [\j ?`ek\i^ile[j2[Xj`jkqnXie`Z_k[\iEfi$ dXc]Xcc#XY\i^lkqld|Y\ed`k[\d QXl$ Y\ijkXY$N\ibq\l^% N_c\eJ`\\jXljNYqn%J_`]k$N2e`Z_k N qlm\in\Z_j\ced`k[\dJZ_e\ccXljnX_c$ N\ibq\l^# 8YY% 00 % JZ_Xl\e J`\ fY\e `e [`\ Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\1 [fik jfcck\ Y\` Kfc\$ iXeq[\iN\ik(jk\_\e#[`\Fgk`fe9\eXZ_$ YXikjfcck\eJ`\[\Xbk`m`\i\e8YY% ('' % ;\iQXlY\ijkXY\id^c`Z_k\j@_e\e#9`c[$ Y\i\`Z_\Xljqln_c\e#[`\\`e\_ec`Z_\ =XiY\ _XY\e n`\ [Xj G`o\c# Xl] [Xj J`\ d`k `_d bc`Zb\e Æ n`\ _ec`Z_ [`\ =XiY\ j\`e dljj# c\^\e J`\ d`k [\d Kfc\iXeq$ N\ik]\jk#[\eJ`\`e[\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ \`e^\Y\ebee\e% 9\` \`e\d \`e]XiY`^\e ?`ek\i^ile[# [\j$ j\e =XiYkfe Y\i[`\j e`Z_k `e [\d 9`c[$ Y\i\`Z_ mfibfddk# [\e J`\ ]i\`jk\cc\e nfcc\e# `jk [\i e`\[i`^jkd^c`Z_\ N\ik ( Xe^\YiXZ_k Æ [Xj Xlj^\n_ck\ =XiYjg\b$ b kild`jk[Xd`kj\_i\e^% Bc`Zb\e J`\ \`edXc d`k [\d QXlY\ijkXY Xl] [\e YcXl\e ?`ek\i^ile[ Æ n`\ \j jZ_\`ek#n`i[eli\iXlj^\n_ck2qffd\e J`\qliBfekifcc\Xe[\e9Xld_\iXele[ J`\ j\_\e# [Xjj jZ_fe G`o\c# [`\ ^Xeq c\`Z_k`e[\i=XiY\XYn\`Z_\e#e`Z_kd\_i K\`c [\i 8ljnX_c j`e[ 8YY% ('(2 jfcck\ \j Y\` @_e\e Xe[\ij Xljj\_\e# m\in\e[\e J`\ [Xj =\Xkli\ BXek\ m\iY\jj\ie le[ _`\iM\ibc\`e\ie&
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
(''
('(
J`\\`eqn\`k\jDXcd`k[\dQXlY\ijkXY `ej9`c[#[`\jdXcXl][\e9f[\eÆ_Xck\e J`\XY\i[`\J_`]k$KXjk\^\[iZbk#n`i[[`\ e\l\ 8ljnX_c qli Y\jk\_\e[\e X[[`\ik 8YY% (') % QliZb ql [\i bc\`e\e 8l]^XY\# [`\ n`i lej ^\jk\cck _XY\e Æ J`\ nfcck\e [\e 9Xld ]i\`jk\cc\e# nXj _`c]k @_e\e [X [`\ 8ljnX_c[\j?`ek\i^ile[j6 Ele# J`\ beek\e [`\j\e cjZ_\e# jZ_fe ni\ [\i 9Xld `jfc`\ik Æ efZ_ \c\^Xek\i `jk \j# [`\ 8ljnX_c ldqlb\_i\e# [Xee _XY\e J`\ jkXkk [\j ?`ek\i^ile[j @_i\e 9Xld Xlj^\n_ck le[ bee\e `_e Xl] \`e\ e\l\
('*
(')
+/
('+
('-
(',
le[ [Xee [\e 9\]\_c
('.
('/
Bc`Zb\eJ`\`e[\iiXl 8YY% ('0 %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
+0
('0
9c\e[\eJ`\[`\fY\i\ilgg\ qn`jZ_\e [\e Le$ k\i$N\ibq\l^\eqln_c\e% >\eXljf n`Z_k`^ `jk [\i BliqY\]\_c ]i [Xj8l]_\Y\e[\i8ljnX_c1 JKI>$;% Fb# [Xj nXij qleZ_jk d`k [\e 8ljnX_c$ n\ibq\l^\e#jfn`\j`\j`Z_`e[\i N\ib$ q\l^$GXc\kk\XeY`\k\e%<j^`YkY\`N\`k\d d\_iD^c`Z_b\`k\e#\knXjXljqln_c\e# [`\ Xcc\i[`e^j e`Z_k \`e]XZ_ d`k \`e\d N\ibq\l^ n`\ [\e fY\e Y\jZ_i`\Y\e\e
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
]lebk`fe`\i\e%N`in\i[\e`e[\e]fc^\e$ [\eBXg`k\ce\`e`^\mfe`_e\eb\ee\ec\i$ e\e% Qld JZ_cljj n`cc `Z_ J`\ efZ_ d`k [\d K_\dX DXjb\e bfe]ifek`\i\e# d`k [\i\e ?`c]\ j`\ 9`c[Y\i\`Z_\ Xl] \`e\i
(((
(('
,'
(()
((*
?`ek\i^ile[\Y\e\ d`k JKI>$A 8YY% (() % ;`\j\ n\i[\e J`\ ele ]XiYc`Z_m\ie[\ie#le[[Xee[`\Y\`[\e
((+
((,
((-
9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj [`\ fY\i\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
,(
((.
((0
((/
I\Z_k\Zbj Æ [Xj `jk [Xj JpdYfc @_i\i iXl le[ JZ_nXiq `e [\i DXjb\ dXc\e Æ Xcc\j# nXj e`Z_k d\_i n\` `jk `e [\i DXjb\# n`i[ d\_i f[\i n\e`^\i Xlj^\Yc\e[\k# a\ eXZ_[\d n`\_\ccf[\i[leb\c[Xj>iXl`jk%NXj`e [\i DXjb\ jZ_nXiq `jk# n`i[ mfccjke[`^ Xlj^\Yc\e[\k% >i\`]\e J`\ dXc qld G`ej\cn\ibq\l^ 9# 8YY% ((. le[ jfi^\e J`\ [X]i# [Xjj JZ_nXiq[`\Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\`jk;Yqn% ;le[ O#8YY% ((/ %DXc\eJ`\[Xd`k`e@_$ i\d9`c[_\ildÆ[X[`\DXjb\Xbk`m`\ik `jk# j\_\e J`\ [Xj JZ_nXiq e`Z_k `d 9`c[# jfe[\ie @_i\ lek\i\ \dXck\j 8YY% ()' % Jf Æ `Z_ [\eb\# [Xj Gi`eq`g [\i
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
N_c\e J`\ [Xj M\icXl]j$N\ibq\l^ Xlj ># 8YY% ()( le[ bc`Zb\e J`\ fY\e `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ `e [`\ bc\`e\ M\icXl]j$ D`e`Xkli# ld [Xj ^\nejZ_k\ =XiYjg\b$ b kildXljqljlZ_\e8YY% ()) % @e[\d=\ejk\i#[Xjj`Z_[XiXl]_`e]]e\k# bc`Zb\e J`\ fY\e Y\` [\e Mfi^XY\e Xl] ()'
()(
())
()*
JZ_nXiq# N\` 8YY% ()* % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB% 9\XZ_k\e J`\ Xl\i[\d# [Xjj fY\e `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ [\i C`e\Xi\ M\icXl] Xlj^\n_ck `jk Æ efidXc\in\`j\ `jk [Xj [`\Mfi\`ejk\ccle^8YY% ()+ %JZ_Xl\eJ`\ j`Z_\i_\`kj_XcY\i `e [\i
(),
()+
,)
()-
Q\`Z_e\e J`\ ele d`k ^\[iZbk\i DXlj$ kXjk\\`e\eM\icXl]Y\i@_i9`c[#mfele$ k\eeXZ_fY\eJ`\bee\e[`\J_`]k$KXjk\ ^\[iZbk _Xck\e# [Xd`k \j ^\eXl j\eb$ b i\Z_k^\_k8YY% ()- % @d 9`c[ jfcck\e J`\ a\kqk \`e\ m\icXl]j]i$ d`^\|Y\iYc\e[le^qn`jZ_\elek\i\ile[ fY\i\i
()/
()0
N\ee J`\ [Xj DXjb\eY`c[ \`edXc `e >if j\_\e nfcc\e# bc`Zb\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ d`k ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\ Xl] `_i\ D`e`X$ kli 8YY% ()/ Æ \`e Bc`Zb Xl] [Xj 8l^\e$ jpdYfc[\idXjb`\ik\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
,*
(*'
J`\[XjdXce`Z_knfcc\e#bc`Zb\eJ`\Xl] [Xj bc\`e\ B\kk\ejpdYfc qn`jZ_\e [\e D`e`Xkli\e jf[Xjj \j m\ijZ_n`e[\k # [XeecXjj\ej`\j`Z_j\gXiXkmfe\`eXe[\i Y\n\^\e% <`e n`Z_k`^\i ?`en\`j qld JZ_cljj1 J`\ bee\e [\e DXjb\e`e_Xck Xcj 8ljnX_c cX[\e# `e[\d J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i JKI>$ KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli bc`Zb\e 8YY% (*' Æ `d 9`c[ j\_\e J`\# [Xjj eli [`\ fY\i\ 9`c[_c]k\ Xlj^\n_ck ql j\`e jZ_\`ek8YY% (*( % ;Xj kljZ_k Æ G_fkfj_fg nXe[\ck [Xj >iXljkl]\eY`c[ `e \`e\ M\icXl]XljnX_c ld#`e[\i[\ijZ_nXiq\9\i\`Z_[\iDXj$ b\ ^Xi e`Z_k# [\i n\`\ 9\i\`Z_ mfccjke$ [`^ le[ [\i >iXlm\icXl] [Xqn`jZ_\e a\ eXZ_ >iXln\ik qn`jZ_\e ' JZ_nXiq le[(''N\` Xlj^\n_ck`jk% ;Xjj [`\ 8d\`j\e eli [`\ fY\i\ ?c]k\ ldbi\`j\e# c`\^k [XiXe# [Xjj j`\ eli ]i [\eK\`cXe^\q\`^kn\i[\e#[\i_\cc\iXcj ,'JZ_nXiq`jkÆXcjfXcc\jXY[\iM\i$ cXl]jd`kk\% <j bXee XlZ_ j\`e# [Xjj J`\ dXc ^Xi b\`e\ 8d\`j\e j\_\e# fYnf_c J`\Xl][`\j\N\`j\\`e\8ljnX_c^\kif]$ ]\e_XY\eÆ[XeenXi\e\Y\eXcc\G`o\c [lebc\iXcj,'JZ_nXiq%@e[`\j\d=Xcc n\`jk G_fkfj_fg J`\ XY\i ]i\le[c`Z_\i$ n\`j\Xl][`\j\jG_efd\e_`e% Ele bee\e J`\ [XiXl] m\ikiXl\e# [Xjj J`\ \j d`k \`e\i M\icXl]jXljnX_c ql kle _XY\e# XlZ_ n\ee j`\ e`Z_k jf Xljj`\_k Æ J`\ n\i[\e a\kqk j\_\e# n`\ J`\ d`k_`c$ ]\ \`e\i jfcZ_\e jZ_n\Y\e[\e 8ljnX_c \`e\ Ù@ejkXekÈ$DXjb`\ile^ \`e\i e\l\e
BXg`k\c')×DXc$le[Q\`Z_\en\ibq\l^\×8ljnX_c#BXec\#DXjb\e
(*)
(*(
fY\i\e9`c[k\`cefZ_\knXj[lebc\i#[Xee n_c\e J`\ \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`e$ jk\ccle^j\Y\e\# `e[\d J`\ Xl] [\e \ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\e9lkkfeXdlek\i\eIXe[[\i \Y`i^\j 8YY% (** 2 [\e d`kkc\i\e I\^c\i jZ_`\Y\e J`\eXZ_i\Z_kj#ld[Xj9`c[XYql[leb\ce `ed\`e\d=Xcc'#,' % J`\ d\ib\e jZ_fe Y\`d <`ejk\cc\e# [Xjj j`Z_ [`\ Bfii\bkli e`Z_k ^c\`Z_d`^ Xl] [Xj9`c[Xljn`ibk#jfe[\iejf#n`\n`i\j nfcck\e1fY\ejkXib#lek\ejZ_nXZ_Æ[Xj c`\^k\Y\eXe[\iDXjb\#[`\XlZ_]i[`\$ j\\c\^\e$ _\`k\knXj?`c]i\`Z_\j^\c\iekÆe`Z_keli Xlj BXec\e# jfe[\ie XlZ_ Xlj $KXjk\%
(**
(*+
,+
I>9le[:DPB 8e [`\j\i Jk\cc\ n`cc `Z_ J`\ d`k \`e\d K_\dX Y\_\cc`^\e# [Xj @_e\e m`\cc\`Z_k \knXjjgi[\mfibfddk#[XjXY\i`e[\i Gif[lbk`fe\`e\n`Z_k`^\Ifcc\jg`\ck% DX^j\`e#[XjjJ`\Y\i[\eLek\ijZ_`\[ mfe I>9$ le[ :DPB$=XiYiXld jZ_fe 9\jZ_\`[ n`jj\e# XY\i \j jZ_X[\k j`Z_\i e`Z_k#efZ_\`edXc[`\9\[\lkle^le[[`\ k\Z_e`jZ_\e =Xccjki`Zb\ [\j =XiYdXeX^\$ d\ekj [Xiqljk\cc\e $ eXkic`Z_ `e \`e\d IX_d\e# [\i ]i 8iZ_`k\bk\e le[ Lej\$ i\j^c\`Z_\em\i[Xlc`Z_`jk% NXj [XiY\i _`eXlj^\_k le[ _`\i e`Z_k Y\jZ_i`\Y\e n\i[\e bXee# ]`e[\e J`\ `e [\ild]Xe^i\`Z_\e=XZ_c`k\iXkli%
I>9 (
'* )
>\e\i\cc^`ck#[Xjj9`c[\i#[`\eliXl][\d Dfe`kfigij\ek`\ikn\i[\ejfcc\eq% 9%`e \`e\i Gfn\iGf`ek$Gij\ekXk`fe # `d =XiY$ iXldI>9Yc\`Y\ebee\e#n_i\e[Xcc\ 9`c[\i# [`\ ]i [\e ;ilZb Y\jk`ddk j`e[ j\` \j Xlj G_fkfj_fg f[\i \`e^\Y\kk\k `e \`e G;= # `i^\e[nXee `e [\e =XiYdf$ [lj:DPBld^\nXe[\ckn\i[\edjj\e Æ \`e\ gif]\jj`fe\cc\ ;ilZb\i\` f[\i \`e M\icX^ n`\ `e d\`e\d =Xcc e`ddk I>9$ ;Xk\e \ijk ^Xi e`Z_k Xe# n`\ m\ijk\Zbk XlZ_`dd\ij`\j\`ed^\e% ;\i >ile[ `jk \`e]XZ_1 ;ilZb]XiY\e be$ e\eeli\`e\eK\`c[\j=XiYjg\bkildjXY$ Y`c[\e#[XjXl]Dfe`kfi\eqliM\i]^le^ jk\_k Æ Xcjf m\inXe[\ck a\[\i ;ilZb\i$ ki\`Y\i[`\=XiY\e#[`\Y\i[\eIXe[[\j :DPB$=XiYiXldj _`eXlji\`Z_\e# eXZ_ qleZ_jk q`\dc`Z_ le[liZ_j`Z_k`^\e Bi`$ k\i`\e`eXe[\i\#[ilZbYXi\=XiY\e$[Xj 9$Df[lj \`e`^\ Mfik\`c\ ^\^\e$ Y\i[\d:DPB$Df[lj_Xk%Jk`ddkXlZ_# [\ee m`\c\ 9\XiY\`kle^jn\ibq\l^\ `e G_fkfj_fg#q% 9%\`e^if\iK\`c[\i=`ck\i# jk\_\eeli]iI>9$9`c[\iqliM\i]^le^%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
,,
N`i n\i[\e jgk\i [Xql bfdd\e% 8Y\i qleZ_jk nfcc\e n`i lej [Xj >Xeq\ \`e$ dXcbfebi\kXejZ_Xl\e% QleZ_jkjkXik\eJ`\Y`kk\G_fkfj_fg le[ ]]e\e [`\ ;Xk\` jfg_`\e_]\%gj[% J`\ j\$ _\e\`e=fkf#[Xj[`\E\fe`ejkXccXk`fe`e \`e\d ;liZ_^Xe^ [\i 9\ic`e\i Jfg_`\e$ _]\q\`^k8YY% ( % 9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj [Xj 9`c[ Xl] @_i\d Dfe`kfiXe[\ijXljj`\_kXcj`e[\i8YY`c$ [le^$[Xjc`\^k[XiXe#[Xjj[Xj9`c[]i [\e 9lZ_[ilZb eXkic`Z_ `e :DPB ld^\$ nXe[\ckn\i[\edljjk\% ;Xj`jka\kqkd\`e;`c\ddXn_i\e[[\j ^Xeq\e BXg`k\cj1 @Z_ jgi\Z_\ Y\i I>9$ 9`c[\i le[ `e [\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 8YY`c$ [le^\e j\_\e J`\ :DPB% 9\XZ_k\e J`\ Xcjf a\n\`cj ^\eXl [`\ 8YY`c[le^jeld$ d\i`\ile^le[fi`\ek`\i\eJ`\j`Z_Xe[\i ;Xijk\ccle^Xl]@_i\dDfe`kfi% A\kqk n_c\e J`\ [\e 9\]\_c Df[lj Xlj [\d9`c[$D\e2n`\J`\j\_\e#c`\^k[Xj 9`c[ `d I>9$Df[lj mfi 8YY% ) % N_c\e J`\eleXe[\i^c\`Z_\eJk\cc\:DPB$=Xi$ Y\Xlj8YY% * % N`\ J`\ j\_\e# m\ie[\ie j`Z_ [`\ =Xi$ Y\e@_i\j9`c[\j%N\eeJ`\\`egXXiDXc JKI>$Q [iZb\e# bee\e J`\ qn`jZ_\e I>9le[:DPB_`e$le[_\ijZ_Xck\ele[ [`\ Lek\ijZ_`\[\ ^\eXl\i \ib\ee\e [Xj `jk [\i Mfik\`c Y\` G_fkfj_fgj Jg\q`Xc`$ kk# Y\` JKI>$Q eli \`e\e 8iY\`kjjZ_i`kk iZb^e^`^dXZ_\eqlbee\e %9\cXjj\e J`\ [Xee [Xj 9`c[ \ijk \`edXc `d :DPB$ Df[lj% N_c\e J`\ [Xj =`ck\i$D\e Xe Æ J`\ j\_\e# [Xjj \`e`^\ [\i =`ck\i ^iXl Xe^\$ q\`^k n\i[\e# nXj Y\[\lk\k# [Xjj j`\ `d :DPB$Df[lje`Z_kqliM\i]^le^jk\_\e 8YY% + <j ^`Yk efZ_ d\_i =lebk`fe\e# [`\ `d :DPB$Df[lj \`e^\jZ_iebk j`e[ $ XY\i [X J`\ efidXc\in\`j\ Y`j qli LdnXe[$ cle^`dI>9$Df[ljYc\`Y\e#YiXlZ_kJ`\ [`\j\ KXkjXZ_\ e`Z_k n\`k\i ql Y\leil_`$ ^\e%
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
+
*
,-
`e [\i @e]f$GXc\kk\ eXZ_ 8YY% . Æ n\ee _`ek\i \`e\d :DPB$N\ik \`e 8ljil]\$ q\`Z_\eqlj\_\e`jk#bXee[\iI>9$N\ik# Y\i[\dJ`\j`Z_^\iX[\Y\]`e[\e#e`Z_k [`i\bk`e:DPB[Xi^\jk\cckn\i[\e% A\kqk `jk [\i i`Z_k`^\ Q\`kglebk# J`\ d`k \`en\e`^K_\fi`\Y\i[`\=XiYild\ql bfe]ifek`\i\enXjJ`\Y\id\`e\beXg$ g\e @e]fidXk`fe\e _`eXlj `ek\i\jj`\ik# bee\eJ`\Y\`N`b`g\[`X eXZ_j\_\e % I>9 jk\_k ]i Ifk# >ie le[ 9cXl I\[# >i\\e# 9cl\ # [\e [i\` >ile[]XiY\e# Xlj [\e\e j`Z_ `d I>9$=XiYdf[\cc Xcc\ =Xi$ Y\e qljXdd\ej\kq\e% <`e\ D`jZ_le^ ql ^c\`Z_\e 8ek\`c\e \i^`Yk e\lkiXc\j >iXl2 j`e[ Xcc\ [i\` =XiY\e ql ('' m\iki\k\e# \ijZ_\`ek Xcj D`jZ_le^ N\`# `jk b\`$ e\ [\i [i\` =XiY\e mfi_Xe[\e# \ekjk\_k JZ_nXiq% ;\i I>9$=XiYiXld i\gij\ek`\ik [\e X[$ [`k`m\e C`Z_k]XiY\eiXld# Xcjf [Xj Jg\bk$ ild#[XjmfiXcc\d[XjJfee\ec`Z_kc`\]\ik `e [\jj\e N\` aX XlZ_ Xcc\ =XiY\e \ek$ _Xck\ej`e[ #`e\knXjbc\`e\i\dLd]Xe^ XY\iXlZ_bejkc`Z_\9\c\lZ_kle^le[mfi Xcc\dlej\i\Dfe`kfi\% ,
-
.
N\Z_j\ce J`\ qliZb `e [\e I>9$Df[lj Æ \ekn\[\i [iZb\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ JKI>$Q f[\i# n\ee ek`^# d\_idXcj 8ck$JKI>$Q JZ_i`kk qliZb Æ le[ n_c\e [Xee Xlj [\d 8ej`Z_k$D\e [\e 9\]\_c =XiYld$ ]Xe^$NXiele^ 8YY% , % G_fkfj_fg dXi$ b`\ik [XiXl]_`e Xcc\ =XiYY\i\`Z_\# [`\ j`Z_ Y\`d LdnXe[\ce `e :DPB e[\ie n\i[\e#d`k^iXl\i=XiY\8YY% - %<j]cck Xl]# [Xjj ]Xjk [Xj ^Xeq\ 9`c[ Y\kif]]\e `jk#edc`Z_[\i^\jXdk\9\i\`Z_#[\i[Xj c\lZ_k\e[\9cXlq\`^k% N_c\e J`\ [\e 9\]\_c efZ_ \`edXc# ld [`\ DXib`\ile^ qliZbqle\_d\e# ]X_i\e J`\[Xeed`k@_i\dDXlj$:lijfiY\i[`\ bi`k`jZ_\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_\ le[ jZ_Xl\e J`\
:DPB jk\_k ]i :pXe# DX^\ekX# P\ccfn le[ B\p C\kqk\i\j \ekjgi`Z_k JZ_nXiq Æ [`\j\i=XiYiXldi\gij\ek`\ik`d>if\e le[ >Xeq\e [Xj =XiYjg\bkild# [Xj `d M`\i]XiY[ilZbF]]j\k$;ilZb#XY\iXlZ_`d ^\YilZ_c`Z_\e K`ek\ejkiX_c[ilZb [Xi^\$ jk\cckn\i[\ebXee% 9$=XiYdf[\cc1 :pXe#DX^\ekX#P\ccfnle[B\pJZ_nXiq qljXdd\e#a\n\`cjd`k('' 8l]kiX^#\i$
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
,.
e`kfi# BXd\iXZ_`g# JZXee\ij\ejfi \`e ^\Y\e JZ_nXiq# n\i[\e [X^\^\e b\`e\ m\ijZ_`\[\e ^if\j Jg\bkild [Xijk\cc\e =XiY\e Xl]^\kiX^\e 8l]kiX^ ' # Yc\`Yk [Xjn\`\GXg`\ij`Z_kYXi%Nfd`k@_e\e Æ ^\eXljf m\i_ck \j j`Z_ Y\`d :DPB$ XlZ_bcXij\`edljj#[Xjj[`\_\ccjk\=Xi$ Df[\cc#`e[\d[`\>i\[\j=XiYiXldj Y\ `d ;ilZb mfe [\i GXg`\i]XiY\ mfi^\$ mfd 8lj^XY\^\ik le[ [\i GXg`\ijfik\ XY_e^k% ^\Y\e`jk% ;Xj `jk [\i >ile[# nXild \j [`\ jf^\$ eXeek\e =XiYgif]`c\ ^`Yk# bc\`e\ QljXkq$ K_\fi\k`jZ_`jkY\`[`\j\d=XiYdf[\cc[Xj [Xk\`\e# `e [\e\e kXY\ccXi`jZ_ [\e Fi`$ JZ_nXiqe`Z_kefkn\e[`^#giXbk`jZ_`jk\j [\jn\^\e#n\`cj`Z_d`k`_d[\i=XiYXl]$ ^`eXc]XiY\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\ >\ik\]XiY\e ql^\fi[e\kn\i[\e% kiX^i\[lq`\i\ecjjkÆjkXkk\`eJZ_nXiq d`k a\n\`cj ('' :pXe# DX^\ekX le[ F_e\ [`\j\j K_\dX ql m\ik`\]\e# Yc\`Yk >\cYql\iq\l^\enXj[i\`=XiYjZ_`Z_k\e ]\jkql_Xck\e# [Xjj [\i :DPB$=XiYiXld d`k qljXdd\e *'' 8l]kiX^ Y\[\lk\e ni[\ # bXee dXe [`\ [i\` [liZ_ ('' `e a\[\d =Xcc n\e`^\i =XiY\e [Xijk\cc\e bXee Xcj [Xj I>9$Df[\cc2 XejZ_Xlc`Z_ JZ_nXiq \ij\kq\e2 `d I\^\c]Xcc n`i[ mfi j\_\e J`\ [Xj `e 8YY% / Æ _`\i `jk `e \`$ Xcc\d[\i>iXlXek\`c\`e\j=XiYkfej[liZ_ \`e\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 8ek\`c JZ_nXiq \i$ e\d;`X^iXdd[\i:DPB$mfi[\dI>9$ 9\i\`Z_ ^iXl [Xi^\jk\cck% NXj J`\ `e j\kqkjf^%LeYlekXl]YXl % [\i8YY`c[le^j\_\e#`jk[Xj=\ejk\imfe ;XjI>9$Df[\ccbXeea\eXZ_>\ikDf$ 8ggc\j :fcfiJpeZ$;`\ejkgif^iXdd% /
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
,/
I>9 0
NXj Y\[\lk\k [Xj ele ]i lej\i\ 8iY\`k `e G_fkfj_fg6 Ele# [`\ ^Xeq\ =cc\ Xe N\ibq\l^\e#[`\G_fkfj_fg]i[`\9`c[$ Y\XiY\`kle^Y\i\`k_ck#jk\_k@_e\eXcc\`e `d I>9$Df[lj qli M\i]^le^# n\j_XcY J`\XlZ_a\[\j9`c[jfcXe^\n`\d^c`Z_ `e[`\j\dY\_Xck\ejfcck\e%
('
((
;ilZbn\i[\e[Xqlq% 9%m`\i;ilZbgcXkk\e \ijk\cck% ;`\ J\gXiXk`fe \i]fc^k e`Z_k `d$ d\i ^c\`Z_# jfe[\ie eXZ_ Bi`k\i`\e# [`\ J`\Y\jk`dd\ebee\e% QliZb ql lej\i\d 9`c[ Æ e\_d\e n`i Xe# J`\ nfcc\e \j ele `e \`e ;ilZbcXp$ flk \`e]^\e# `e[\d J`\ \j q% 9% `e \`e\i @e;\j`^e$;Xk\` gcXkq`\i\e% @_i Q`\c `jk \j# [Xjc\lZ_k\e[\9cXl@_i\jI>9$9`c[\jjf ^lkn`\d^c`Z_ql\i_Xck\e% Jk\cc\e J`\ j`Z_\i# [Xjj @_i 9`c[ j`Z_ `d$ d\i efZ_ f[\i n`\[\i `d I>9$Df[lj Y\]`e[\k% JZ_Xl\e J`\ [Xql ^\^\Y\e\e$ ]Xccj lek\i 9`c[ Æ Df[lj eXZ_# f[\i [i$ Zb\eJ`\jff]k[`\KXjk\ =#Y`jJ`\[Xj9`c[ = `e [\i ÙefidXc\eÈ =\ejk\i[Xijk\ccle^ j\_\e# [Xee jk\_k [`\ Df[lj`e]fidXk`$ fe`d=\ejk\ik`k\c8YY% 0 %=XccjJ`\efZ_ [`\ ^iXl\ DXib`\ile^ @_i\i =XiYld]Xe^$ NXiele^ j\_\e# [\Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\j\ 8ej`Z_k$D\e % N_c\eJ`\ele[\e9\]\_c =XiYgiff]Xlj [\d ^c\`Z_\e D\e 8YY% (' % 9\` [`\j\i =lebk`fe _Xe[\ck \j j`Z_ ld \`e\ Mfi$ jZ_XlXl][`\:DPB$MXi`Xek\@_i\j9`c[\j# [Xj9`c[Yc\`YkXY\i`dI>9$Df[lj% ;Xj
,0
(*
j`Z_k$D\e 8YY% (( % <j ]]e\k j`Z_ \`e =\ejk\i#`e[\dJ`\<`ejk\ccle^\emfie\_$ d\ebee\e8YY% () % =i [`\ Fgk`fe Ql j`dlc`\i\e[\j >\ik ]`e[\e J`\ \`e\ gg`^\ GXc\kk\ mfe =XiY$ iXldmXi`Xek\e# jfnf_c ]i I>9 Xcj XlZ_ ]i :DPB 8YY% (* # n_c\e f[\i Y\cXj$ j\e J`\ \j Y\` :DPB$8iY\`kj]XiYiXld Æ 9$=XiY\e#[`\d`k :DPB e`Z_k [Xijk\ccYXi j`e[# j\gXi`\ik% K\jk\eJ`\[`\m`\iMXi`Xek\e#`Z__XY\\j Y\` 8Yjfclk ]XiYd\ki`jZ_ Y\cXjj\e# n\`c d`i _`\i [Xj Xeq\ eXZ_ [\d ;ilZb Xljj\_\e n`i[# j\kq\e J`\\`e\e?Xb\eY\`[\iFgk`fe GXg`\i]Xi$ Y\j`dlc`\i\eÆ[Xj9`c[n`i[`ej^\jXdk
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
^iXl\i# nXj [XiXl] _`en\`jk# [Xjj J`\ qld8lj^c\`Z_[`\=XiY\e\knXjb]k`^\i \`ejk\cc\edjj\e8YY% (, % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ [iZb\e J`\ JKI>$$PP# ld [\e ;`^`kXc$Giff] XYqljZ_Xc$ k\e Æ J`\ j\_\e a\kqk [Xj 9`c[ n`\[\i `d I>9$Fi`^`eXc2 [\i Lek\ijZ_`\[ qn`jZ_\e I>9le[:DPB`jkY\`[`\j\d9`c[jZ_fe ^iXm`\i\e[% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [\e ;`^`kXc$ Giff]n`\[\iJKI>$$P %
(,
(+
-'
I>9 (-
Lda\kqk[Xj9`c[jfqlY\XiY\`k\e#[Xjj \j `d :DPB$Df[lj n\e`^jk\ej Xee$ _\ie[ jf Xljj`\_k n`\ `d I>9$Fi`^`eXc# cXjj\eJ`\j`Z_\`e;lgc`bXk[\j9`c[\j\i$ q\l^\ele[e\Y\e[\dFi`^`eXcXeq\`^\e% N_c\eJ`\[XqlXlj[\d9`c[$D\e[\e 9\]\_c ;lgc`q`\i\e 8YY% (- # ^\Y\e J`\ [\d ;lgc`bXk \`e\e j`eemfcc\e EXd\e 8YY% (. le[n_c\eJ`\[XeXZ_Xlj[\d =\ejk\i$D\e[\e9\]\_c8efi[e\eÆ E\$ Y\e\`eXe[\i8YY% (/ % J`\j\_\e[Xj9`c[a\kqk[fgg\ckÆ[Xjc`e$ b\cXjj\eJ`\`e[\iI>9$;Xijk\ccle^#[Xj i\Z_k\ `d Giff]$Df[lj Xeq\`^\e JKI>$ P %@e[\iK`k\cc\`jk\[\ji\Z_k\e9`c[\jj\$ _\eJ`\\`e\e?`en\`j[XiXl]
I>9 (.
FB Æ i\Z_kj j\_\e J`\# n`\ @_i 9`c[ qld a\kq`^\e Q\`kglebk eXZ_ [\i :DPB$Ld$ nXe[cle^ Xljj\_\e n`i[2 [X \j XY\i efZ_ `d I>9$Df[lj mfic`\^k# bee\e J`\ qleZ_jk Xcc\ G_fkfj_fg $Kffcj [Xql m\in\e[\e#\j[\dc`eb\e9`c[d^c`Z_jk Xeqle_\ie% ;X`elej\i\i>\^\eY\ijk\ccle^mfeI>9 le[ :DPB mfi Xcc\d [`\ YcXl\e Ne[\ le[ [`\ ;\Zb\ gifYc\dXk`jZ_ j`e[ le[ n`i lej Y\` [\i =XiYbfii\bkli Xl] [`\j\ bfeq\eki`\i\e nfcc\e# `jk \j j`eemfcc# ql$ eZ_jk \`e\ DXjb\ Xeqlc\^\e# ld [\e
(/
(0
I>9
G_fk G_ fkfj fk f _f _fg _fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
-(
)(
I\jk [\j 9`c[\j mfe [\i =XiYXegXjjle^ Xljqle\_d\e% Qld 8ljn_c\e n_c\e n`i\`e\;Xijk\ccle^#[`\[\e^ikd^c`$ Z_\eBfekiXjkqn`jZ_\e[\eNe[\ele[ [\i ;\Zb\ \`e\ij\`kj le[ [\d I\jk [\j 9`c[\jXe[\i\ij\`kjq\`^kÆn`i]`e[\ej`\ `d9cXlbXeXc8YY% )' % ;iZb\e J`\ qn\`dXc ==# ld j`Z_ [Xj 9`c[ Xcc\`e mfi ^iXl\d ?`ek\i^ile[ Xeq\`^\e ql cXjj\e \ekjgi`Z_k [\d D\eY\]\_c 8ej`Z_k Æ 9`c[jZ_`iddf[lj Æ MfccY`c[df$ [ljd`kD\ec\`jk\ %Jfbee\eJ`\Y\`d
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
\ijk\e Bc`Zb @_i\i qljkqc`Z_\e 8ljnX_c [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\ ^\[iZbk# [Xd`k @_i\ Y\$ i\`kj\ijk\cck\8ljnX_c`dlek\i\eK\`c[\j 9`c[\je`Z_km\ijZ_n`e[\k%;Xd`kj`e[J`\# Y`jXl][Xj=X_iiX[#]\ik`^d`k@_i\i DXj$ b\8YY% )(1qliY\jj\i\e8ejZ_Xlc`Z_b\`k `jk [`\ 8ljnX_c d`k_`c]\ [\i KXjk\ H `d DXjb\edf[lj[Xi^\jk\cck %
)'
-)
;`\j\ 8ljnX_c jg\`Z_\ie J`\ a\kqk \ijk$ dXc#[Xd`kJ`\j`Z_`eIl_\[\d=X_iiX[ n`[d\ebee\e%=XccjJ`\j\cYjkXlZ_[\e DXjb\e$Df[lj Xbk`m`\ik _XY\e jfcck\e# [iZb\eJ`\HÆa\[\e]Xccjjfcck\eJ`\@_i\ 8ljnX_c$8d\`j\en`\[\ij\_\e% N_c\eJ`\[XeeXlj[\d8ljnX_c$D\e [\e 9\]\_c 8ljnX_c Jg\`Z_\ie 8YY% )) # `e[\d;`Xcf^]\c[n_c\eJ`\XcjEXd\e ]i [`\ ^\jg\`Z_\ik\ 8ljnX_c `i^\e[\`$ e\e eXZ_mfccq`\_YXi\e 9\^i`]] q% 9% ?f]# ] 8YY% )* %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB le[_\Y\e J`\[`\8ljnX_cd`kJKI>$;Xl]% Ele qld =X_iiX[ Æ J`\ n\i[\e \j \Y\e$ ]Xccj Xljn_c\e# le[ [Xee [`\j\ e\l\ 8ljnX_c [\i ^\jg\`Z_\ik\e _`eql]^\e% Qld8ljn_c\e[\j=X_iiX[j\`^e\kj`Z_ XdY\jk\e[XjJZ_e\ccXljnX_c$N\ibq\l^# [Xj j`Z_ _`ek\i [\d m\ikiXlk\e QXlY\i$ jkXYm\ijk\Zbk%;iZb\eJ`\Y\`^\[iZbk\i J_`]k$KXjk\jff]kN#Y`j[`\j\jN\ibq\l^ N qliM\i]^le^jk\_k8YY% )+ #le[jk\cc\e J`\fY\e`e[\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\[`\G`e$ j\c^i\Xl]-G`o\c9i\`k\8YY% ), % Qffd\e J`\ j`Z_ Xe [Xj =X_iiX[ _\iXe JKI>$C\\ikXjk\ le[ Y\^`ee\e J`\# d`k [\iN\ibq\l^jg`kq\@_i\iJZ_e\ccXljnX_c Y\i [Xj =X_iiX[ ql ÙdXc\eÈ% <j dXZ_k e`Z_kj# n\ee J`\ [XY\` 9\i\`Z_\ \in`$ jZ_\e#[`\e`Z_k[Xql^\_i\eÆ[iZb\e J`\mfeQ\`kqlQ\`k[`\8ck$KXjk\le[dX$ c\eY\if[\ibc`Zb\e`e[`\j\Jk\cc\e#jf$
))
)*
),
)+
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
-*
[Xjjj`\Xlj[\i8ljnX_cn`\[\i\ek]\iek n\i[\e j`\ n`jj\e aX efZ_ Xlj BXg% ')# [Xjj J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\ 8lj$ nX_cY\i\`Z_\XYq`\_\ebee\e % N\eeJ`\[Xj>\]_c_XY\e#[XjjJ`\@_i\ 8ljnX_c d`k [\d JZ_e\ccXljnX_c$N\ib$ q\l^ e`Z_k n\`k\i m\iY\jj\ie bee\e# Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ [\e DXjb\e$Df[lj KXj$ k\H#8YY% )- %;`\Jk\cc\e#[`\efZ_e`Z_k g\i]\bk Xljj\_\e q% 9% lek\e Xd Mfi[\i$ i\`]\e # bee\e J`\ a\kqk d`k [\d G`ej\c$ N\ibq\l^i\gXi`\i\e% N_c\e J`\ [`\j\j Xlj KXjk\ 9# 8YY% ). # le[ Y\ic\^\e J`\# nXj J`\ a\kqk dX$ Z_\e nfcc\e2 dZ_k\e J`\ Y\ijZ_jj`^\ 8ljnX_cY\i\`Z_\ \ek]\ie\e# djj\e J`\ DXjb\e]XiY\Xl]kiX^\e#[% _%d`kJZ_nXiq dXc\e [Xj `d DXjb\e$Df[lj XlkfdX$ k`jZ_qlIfkn`i[ % 8Z_k\e J`\ Xcjf [XiXl]# [Xjj [`\ Mfi[\i$ ^ile[]XiY\JZ_nXiq`jk[iZb\eJ`\[Xql j`Z_\i_\`kj_XcY\i[`\KXjk\ ;#ldMfi[\i$ le[ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ Xl] JZ_nXiq$N\` qljk\cc\e#[Xee[`\KXjk\ O#Y`jJZ_nXiq [`\Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\`jk8YY% )/ %Jk\cc\e J`\[`\G`ej\c^i\jf\`e#[XjjJ`\[Xd`k ^lk Xe [\d ]`c`^iXe\e =X_iiX[ XiY\`k\e bee\e le[ dXc\e J`\ Y\i [`\ Jk\cc\e# [`\ e`Z_k Xlj^\n_ck j\`e jfcc\e% N\ee J`\ Xe Xe[\i\e Jk\cc\e [`\ 8ljnX_c \i$ n\`k\ie dZ_k\e# [iZb\e J`\ O# jf[Xjj )0
)-
N\` [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ `jk# le[ dX$ c\eY\i[`\\ekjgi\Z_\e[\eJk\cc\e%M\i$ e[\ie J`\ [Xql ^\^\Y\e\e]Xccj [`\ G`e$ j\c^i\% N\ee J`\ ]\ik`^ j`e[# m\icXjj\e J`\ [\e DXjb\e$Df[lj H # jf[Xjj J`\ n`\[\i [`\ 8ljnX_c$8d\`j\e j\_\e# le[ jg\`$ Z_\ie J`\ [`\ =X_iiX[$8ljnX_c% N_c\e J`\ n`\[\i 8ljnX_c Jg\`Z_\ie Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e#n_c\eXcj BXeXc[\eY\$ i\`kj \ijk\cck\e `e d\`e\d =Xcc ?f] le[ dXib`\i\e [\e Mfi^Xe^ ;\d BXeXc _`e$ ql]^\e 8YY% )0 %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB% ).
)/
-+
I>9
*'
*(
;XJ`\a\kqk\e[c`Z_Xe[\d9`c[XiY\`k\e nfcc\e#djj\eJ`\leY\[`e^k[`\efidX$ c\BXeXc[Xijk\ccle^i\Xbk`m`\i\eÆbc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [\e I>9$BXeXc `e [\i BXec\$ GXc\kk\#ld[Xjql\ii\`Z_\e8YY% *' %J`\ j\_\e#[Xjj@_i\8ljnX_c^Xeqlek\eXcj e\l\i BXeXc Xe^\q\`^k n`i[% N\Z_j\ce J`\XY\ia\kqkn`\[\iqli 9$9`c[\j \ekjgi`Z_k# jfcc$ k\eJ`\j`Z_`dBcXi\e[XiY\ij\`e#[Xjj *)
I>9
\`e\(1($I\jkXli`\ile^e`Z_kd^c`Z_j\`e n`i[ÆJ`\_Xkk\ejZ_fen\`k]i_\i^\j\$ _\e# [Xjj [`\ I>9$N\ik\ [\i YcXl\e =c$ Z_\e qld ^ik\e K\`c d`k :DPB$=XiY\e e`Z_k [Xijk\ccYXi j`e[ 8YY% . % A\ eXZ_$ [\d#n`\kfcc@_i;ilZb\i`jkn\ee\iq% 9% d`kd\_iXcjm`\i=XiY\e[ilZbk #bee\e J`\ _Z_jk\ej \`e\ 8ee_\ile^ Xe [\e Fi`^`eXcqljkXe[\iq`\c\e2`elej\i\d=Xcc `jkXcj:DPB$Gif]`cj`Z_\i_\`kj_XcY\i\`e jkXe[Xi[`j`\ik\j Gif]`c ]i [\e M`\i]XiY$ ;ilZbXlj^\n_ckj% Giff]$<`ejk\ccle^\e# 8YY% () % <j`jk`ea\[\d=Xccj`eemfcc#[XjjJ`\j`Z_ BcXi_\`k Y\i [`\ =XiY\ m\ijZ_X]]\e# [`\ _XlgkjZ_c`Z_ `e [\e bi`k`jZ_\e 9\i\`$ Z_\e mfibfddk# ld ^\q`\ck Bfii\bkli\e mfie\_d\e ql bee\e% <`e\ D^c`Z_b\`k [X]i Y`\k\k [`\ @e]f$GXc\kk\ Æ n\ee J`\ [\e DXljq\`^\i Y\i [Xj 9`c[ Y\n\^\e# j\_\eJ`\#[Xjjmfe[\eI>9$N\ik\e[Xj 9cXl ]Xjk Y\iXcc [\e DXo`dXcn\ik q\`^k% 8cjf `jk \j nX_ijZ_\`ec`Z_ j`eemfcc# j`Z_ Y\` [\i Bfii\bkli mfi Xcc\d [Xd`k ql Y\$ jZ_]k`^\e% CX[\e J`\ @_i\ 8ljnX_c mfe mfi_`e 8lj$ nX_c Æ 8ljnX_c cX[\e# 8YY% *( # n_c\e J`\ [\e BXeXc ?f] 8YY% *) le[ Xbk`m`\$ i\e J`\ [`\ Fgk`fe Ldb\_i\e% J`\ j\_\e# [Xjj ele [\i ^\jXdk\ bi`k`jZ_\ 9\i\`Z_ Xlj^\n_ck`jk% Ele jg`\c\e J`\ \`e n\e`^ d`k [\d Bfi$ i\bklin\ibq\l^ =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^_\ild#
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
-,
*+
[Xj J`\ `e =fid \`e\i <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ \`ej\kq\e% Bc`Zb\e J`\ Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i iXlXek\`c _Xe[\ck# [\een\eeJ`\[\eJkk`^le^ji\^c\i^Xeq eXZ_ i\Z_kj q`\_\e# m\ie[\ik j`Z_ [Xj 9`c[bXld8YY% *- %
**
I>9
*-
*,
I>9
--
I>9
*/
<jjZ_\`ekXcjf#Xcjbd\en`iXe[`\j\i Jk\cc\ e`Z_k n\`k\i Æ XlZ_ \`e\ ?\cc`^$ b\`kjbfii\bkli_`c]ke`Z_kn`ibc`Z_#n`\n`i ^c\`Z_j\_\en\i[\e% 9i\Z_\e J`\ [`\ =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^$Bfi$ i\bkli XY Æ @_i\ 8ljnX_c jk\_k `dd\i efZ_ Æ le[ g`Zb\e j`Z_ Xlj [\d ^c\`$ Z_\e <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e$D\e [\i
Xl]ql_\cc\e q% 9% Xl] ) % 8lZ_ d`k [`\j\i Bfii\bklin`ccb\`e\v_ec`Z_b\`kd`k@_i\d c\lZ_k\e[\e I>9$Fi`^`eXc Xl]bfdd\e% M\ijlZ_\eJ`\j`Z_il_`^XlZ_`e[\eXe$ [\i\eBXec\e >iele[ Ifk8YY% *0le[ +' Æ\j_`c]ke`Z_kj#Yi\Z_\eJ`\[`\Kfe$ n\ikbfii\bkli\Y\e]XccjXY% J`\ X_e\e nX_ijZ_\`ec`Z_# [Xjj J`\ Y\` [\i :DPB$NXe[cle^ Xl] ^Xi b\`e\e =Xcc [`\ =XiY\e [\j I>9$9`c[\j \i_Xck\e be$ e\eÆXcc\jnXj@_e\eYc\`Yk#`jk\`e\MX$ i`Xek\ql\ii\`Z_\e#[`\[\dFi`^`eXc_e$ c`Z_j`\_k%
*0
I>9
+'
I>9
-.
$ iXldqlY\bfdd\e#n\Z_j\ceJ`\`e[\e *)$9`k$Df[lj 9`c[ Æ Df[lj $ *)$9`k$BX$ eXc# 8YY% +( % =Xccj J`\ Xl\i [\i ?`ek\i$ ^ile[\Y\e\efZ_\`e\<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ `e [\i ;Xk\` _XY\e# bfddk \`e\ =iX^\ mfe G_fkfj_fg $ Y\Xeknfik\e J`\ j`\ d`k E`Z_ki\[lq`\i\e8YY% +) %;`\ :DPB$ J`dlcXk`fe djj\e J`\ \ie\lk Xbk`m`\i\e 8ej`Z_kÆ =XiYgiff] % >i\`]\e J`\ j`Z_ efZ_ \`edXc [`\ <`ejk\c$ cle^j\Y\e\ =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^ Æ n`\ J`\ `e[\d\ekjgi\Z_\e[\eGfglg$D\e[\i
+(
F]]\ej`Z_kc`Z_ `jk [Xj =XiYjg\bkild `d *)$9`k$Df[lj [\lkc`Z_ ^i\i% 9\mfi n`i Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\ n\`k\idXZ_\e# n`cc `Z_ J`\ qleZ_jk d`k \`e`^\e ^ile[c\^\e[\e =Xbk\e qli jf^\eXeek\e =XiYk`\]\ m\i$ kiXlkdXZ_\e%
+)
+*
++
I>9
-/
+,
+-
EfidXc\in\`j\ _XY\e [`\ 9`c[\i# d`k [\$ e\e J`\ `e G_fkfj_fg XiY\`k\e# \`e\ @e$ ]fidXk`fejk`\]\ mfe / 9`k gif G`o\c Y\` >iXljkl]\eY`c[\ie Yqn% )+ 9`k gif G`o\c Y\` I>9$9`c[\ie _Xk a\[\i [\i [i\` =XiY$ bXec\\`e\K`\]\mfe /9`k % ;XjY\[\lk\k#[Xjj\`e>iXljkl]\eY`c[$G`$ o\c) /4 ),-#\`eI>9$G`o\c[X^\^\e))+4 (-%...%)(- lek\ijZ_`\[c`Z_\ N\ik\ Xee\_$ d\ebXee%;Xjbc`e^keXZ_m`\c#[\ZbkXY\i [Xj [peXd`jZ_\ =XiYjg\bkild [\i I\Xc`$ kkY\`N\`k\de`Z_kXY% Kifkq[\d dXZ_k \j eXkic`Z_ J`ee# `e [\i ;`^`kXc\e 9`c[Y\XiY\`kle^ d`k \`e\d jf i\[lq`\ik\e=XiYjg\bkildqlXiY\`k\e#[X j`Z_ [Xd`k [\i Jg\`Z_\iY\[Xi] @_i\i 9`c[$ [Xk\`\e`e\`e\d_Xe[_XYYXi\eIX_d\e Y\n\^k% ;\i *)$9`k$Df[lj`jke`Z_k[\iEfidXc]Xcc Æ \i [`\ek [Xql# jf^\eXeek\ ?;I$9`c[\i ql \ijk\cc\e Yqn% ql Y\XiY\`k\e# [\i\e ?Xlgkd\ibdXc\`e\[\lkc`Z___\i\=XiY$ [peXd`b`jk%9\`*)9`k=XiYk`\]\gifBXeXc bXee\`eG`o\cXcc\`e`e\`e\d=XiYbXeXc )*)4 +%)0+%0-.%)0- ?\cc`^b\`kjjkl]\e _X$ Y\e# [Xj ^\jXdk\ =XiYjg\bkild \icXlYk [\deXZ_ +%)0+%0-.%)0-o +%)0+%0-.%)0-o +%)0+%0-.%)0-lek\ijZ_`\[c`Z_\N\ik\% 8e^\e\_d\in\`j\ \i__k j`Z_ [\i Jg\`Z_\iY\[Xi] [XY\` eli ld [Xj M`\i]X$ Z_\/1*) #Xcc\i[`e^j]lebk`fe`\i\ee`Z_k d\_i Xcc\ =`ck\i kifkq I>9$Df[lj le[# n`\n`ijZ_fe^\j\_\e_XY\e#e`Z_kXcc\ Bfii\bklikffcj% ;\iM\ijlZ_#`e@_i\d9\`jg`\cY`c[[`\=Xi$ Y\e[\j[`^`kXc^\giff]k\eI>9$9`c[\jjf qlm\ie[\ie#[Xjj\j[\d8lj^Xe^jY`c[ `e j\`e\e jkiX_c\e[\e I>9$=XiY\e efZ_ \`e`^\idX\e _e\ck# nXi ]iljki`\i\e[ Æ `_i?Xe[cle^jjg`\ciXldd`k/9`k=XiYk`\$ ]\ `jk `e [`\j\d =Xcc Xccql \`e^\jZ_iebk% <`e 8lj]cl^ `e [\e *)$9`k$=XiYiXld jfcc$ k\ lej \`e Y`jjZ_\e d\_i D^c`Z_b\`k\e ^\Y\e# [Xj 9`c[ ]XiYc`Z_ Xl]ql]i`jZ_\e Æ n\ee n`i ]\ik`^ j`e[# bee\e n`i \j aX n`\[\i`e[\em\ikiXlk\e/$9`k$=XiYiXld qliZbnXe[\ce%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
-0
+.
QliZb ql lej\i\d 9`c[% Bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [`\\jXdk]XiYjg\bkild [\j 9`c[\j ql^i\`]\e bee\e# 8YY% +, le[ jk\cc\e J`\ ]fc^\e[\ N\ik\ \`e1 Jk$ k`^le^ ('# ?\cc`^b\`k $(,# [\e =XiYkfe Y\$ cXjj\eJ`\Y\` '% N_c\e J`\ [Xee qld 9\XiY\`k\e [`\ 9cXlke\ [`\ [fd`eXek\ =XiY\ `e lej\$ i\dGifYc\dY\i\`Z_#8YY% +- le[jk\cc\e J`\ _`\i \`e1 Jkk`^le^ .,# ?\cc`^b\`k -,2 [\e =XiYkfe$N\ikY\cXjj\eJ`\\Y\e]Xccj Y\` '%
,(
+/
,)
,'
9\jkk`^\e J`\ @_i\ =XiYkfe$Jkk`^le^j$ bfii\bkli d`k FB le[ ]X_i\e J`\ ]fik d`k \`e\i Kfen\ikbfii\bkli8YY% +. % @d ;`Xcf^]\ejk\i e\_d\e J`\ j`Z_ ql$ eZ_jk [\e ^\jXdk\e I>9$BXeXc mfi 8YY% +/ 2 jk\cc\e J`\ _`\i [\e JZ_nXiq$ n\ikXl] ,#[\eN\`n\ikXl] (-,% @d Ifk$BXeXc e[\ie J`\ [\e D`kk\c$ n\ik Xl] '#.' le[ [\e N\`n\ik Xl] )(, 8YY% +0 % @d >ie$BXeXc jZ_c`\c`Z_ jk\c$ c\e J`\ c\[`^c`Z_ [\e N\`n\ik e\l \`e# Xl] )(,8YY% ,' % ;\e 9cXl$BXeXc cXjj\e J`\ lem\ie[\ik% 9\jkk`^\eJ`\XlZ_[`\Kfen\ikbfii\bkli d`k FB%
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
+0
.'
I>9
,)
,(
I>9
,*
JZ_Xl\e J`\ j`Z_ @_i 9`c[ qleZ_jk f_e\ le[ d`k \`e^\Yc\e[\k\e <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\$ e\eXe8YY% ,(le[,) #le[[Xee`dM\i$ ^c\`Z_ d`k @_i\d I>9$Fi`^`eXc 8YY% ,* % Kifkq [\i Lek\ijZ_`\[\ `jk [Xj Ù:DPBÈ$ 9`c[ ele jZ_fe n\j\ekc`Z_ Xej\_ec`Z_\i ^\nfi[\e% N\`k\i mfie\ `d BXg`k\c _Xkk\e n`i \`e\ 8ljnX_c ]i [\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_ \ijk\cck# [\i e`Z_kmfe[\e_\`bc\e9cXlke\e^\gi^k `jkÆn`i_Xkk\eJ`\XcjDXjb\]i[`\Bfi$ i\bklim\ijlZ_\ m\in\e[\k# [`\ n`i `d / 9`k$Df[ljlek\iefdd\e_Xkk\e% A\kqk#Y\`d8iY\`k\e`d*)9`k$Df[lj#_X$ Y\en`i[`\KXkjXZ_\#[Xjj[\i9f[\ele[ [\i ?f]XljjZ_e`kk d`k [\i 9cXlbfii\bkli ^Xie`Z_kjqlkle_Xk#\ijkdXcXl\emfi ^\cXjj\e Æ XY\i a\kqk bdd\ie n`i lej [Xild% Bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] @_i\ =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^j$ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ `e [\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
.(
,+
[Xd`k j`\ Xbk`m`\ik `jk le[ @_i\
I>9 BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
,-
9$ >\jXdkbXeXc[\eD`kk\cn\ikXl] (#),le[ [\e N\`n\ik Xl] )*, 8YY% ,/ # `d Ifk$ BXeXce[\ieJ`\[\eD`kk\cn\ikXl] '#0' le[[\eN\`n\ikXl] ))'8YY% ,0 % ,0
,,
,.
.)
-'
@e[\i
-(
-)
ElegifY`\i\eJ`\efZ_\`e\e=`ck\iXlj1 N\`Z_\j C`Z_k# ql ]`e[\e lek\i [\e M\i$ q\iile^j]`ck\ie `d =`ck\i$D\e 8YY% -+ % 8Y\i_XckJ`\n\e[\e[\ea\kqke`Z_k\`e$ ]XZ_Xl]@_i\\`eq`^\
-+
9i\Z_\e J`\ [\e =`ck\i efZ_ \`edXc XY# le[ bfg`\i\e J`\ j`Z_ @_i\ ?`ek\i^ile[$ \Y\e\JKI>$A % ;Xd`k J`\ @_i\e =`ck\i Ùq\ijkile^j]i\`È Xen\e[\e bee\e# dXZ_\e J`\ Xlj [\i e\l\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
.*
--
-,
=`ck\iXen\e[\e#f_e\[Xjj[\i9`c[`e_Xck [\i
-.
N_c\e J`\ a\kqk efZ_ \`edXc [\e =`ck\i N\`Z_\j C`Z_k Xlj Æ \j ]]e\k j`Z_ \`e Lek\igif^iXdd# [`\ jf^\eXeek\ =`ck\i$ ^Xc\i`\% ;fik Xe^\bfdd\e# [iZb\e J`\ qleZ_jk\`edXc JKI>$'#ld@_i9`c[mfcc$ jke[`^ ql j\_\e 8YY% -/ % E\_d\e J`\ [Xeei\Z_kj[`\gXjj\e[\e<`ejk\ccle^\e mfi1 Biele^ '# C`Z_kd\e^\ )# BfekiXjk (- 8YY% -0 %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB% -/
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
-0
.+
.'
.(
.)
j\_\e J`\# [Xjj [\i =`ck\i @_i 9`c[ mfi Xcc\d `e [\e fY\$ i\e NXe[Y\i\`Z_\e jkXib Xl]^\_\cck _Xk% N\eeJ`\[\e<]]\bk[\j=`ck\ijmfiXcc\d `dlek\i\e9`c[Y\i\`Z_j\_\enfcc\e#Y`\$ k\kj`Z_\`e\M\icXl]jdXjb`\ile^Xe%
.*
.+
JZ_Xl\e J`\ `e [`\ # 8YY% .( le[ bc`Zb\e J`\ fY\e `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ Xl] [Xj M\icXl]j$@Zfe 8YY% .) %8lj[\dM\icXl]j$Jfik`d\ekg`$ Zb\e J`\ j`Z_ [\e JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] _\iXlj8YY% .* %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% Q\`Z_e\e J`\ ele `e @_i\d 9`c[ \`e\ j\ebi\Z_k\ C`e`\ mfe fY\e beXgg fY\i$ _XcY [\j YcXl\e 9\i\`Z_j Y`j ]Xjk lek\e 8YY% .+ % J`\ j\_\e# n`\ [\i fY\i\ 9`c[$ Y\i\`Z_ n`\[\i [lebc\i \ijZ_\`ek# `e [\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
.,
N\ee J`\ [`\ =`ck\in`ible^ jkl[`\i\e nfcc\e# Yc\e[\e J`\ [\e =`ck\i \`e gXXi DXc Xlj le[ \`e# `e[\d J`\ Xl] j\`e 8l$ ^\ejpdYfc`e[\i
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
..
b`\i\e 8YY% .. % Jk\cc\e J`\ il_`^ \knXj bi]k`^\i\N\ik\\`e#q% 9%Jkib\ (,'le[ IX[`lj )G`o\c 8YY% ./ % N\ee J`\ [`\ MfijZ_Xl Xe$ le[ Xljbc`Zb\e# bee\e J`\jZ_fe[`\M\ie[\ile^\ib\ee\e#mfi Xcc\d`d9\i\`Z_[\i=\ejk\i]XjZ_\emfi$ e\c`ebj%9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB#[\i=`ck\i \ijZ_\`ekele\Y\e]Xccj\`ejfik`\ik`e[\i 9$Fi`^`eXcÆ[XjnXiXlZ_ e`Z_k ql \inXik\e% 8cc\i[`e^j `jk XlZ_ e`Z_ka\[\j9`c[jf[fd`e`\ikmfe=XiY\e# [`\ `e :DPB e`Z_k [Xijk\ccYXi j`e[% GcX$ e\eJ`\]i\`^\e\Gifa\bk\`ea\[\d=Xcc \`e# [Xjj J`\ d`k [\e =XiY\`ejk\ccle^\e \`e n\e`^ _\ildgifY`\i\e djj\e# Y\$ mfiJ`\ql]i`\[\ej`e[% ./
.-
.-
Qld JZ_cljj nXe[\ce J`\ [Xj 9`c[ kXk$ jZ_c`Z_ `e :DPB ld Æ XlZ_ [`\j\ Df$ [lje[\ile^ ^\jZ_`\_k `d 9`c[$D\e 8YY% .0 % C\`[\i ]lebk`fe`\i\e `d :DPB$=XiYiXld e`Z_k Xcc\ =`ck\i# [\jn\^\e ]iX^k J`\ G_f$ kfj_fg# fY J`\ [`\ ÙleYiXlZ_YXi\eÈ =`c$ k\i iXjk\ie# [% _% \e[^ck`^ `e [Xj 9`c[ \`ei\Z_e\ecXjj\enfcc\e%9\jkk`^\eJ`\ [`\j\=iX^\d`kIXjk\ie8YY% /' % ;Xee ]iX^k J`\ G_fkfj_fg# fY J`\ [`\ 9$Fi`^`eXc# [X\j[`\Fi`^`eXc]XiY\eq\`^k% 8lZ_n\ee[`\LdnXe[cle^`e:DPB\`$ e`^\]iljki`\i\e[\=XZ\kk\e_Xk#bfdd\e J`\e`Z_kld_`e#[`\j\`e@_i\eNfib]cfn \`eqlbXcblc`\i\e# n\ee J`\ ;ilZbcXpflkj mfiY\i\`k\e% ;ilZb\i\`\e e\_d\e ;Xk\`\e d`k I>9$ ;Xk\e `e [\i I\^\c e`Z_k Xe Yqn% m\iXi$ Y\`k\e [`\j\ e`Z_k# XlZ_ e`Z_k# n\ee J`\ d\`e\e# j`\ Y\i [`\ <`eY\kkle^ `e \`e @e;\j`^e$;fbld\ek \`ejZ_c`\c`Z_ G;=$
.0
/'
/(
/)
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
..
cle^le[EXZ_Y\XiY\`kle^nf_cq`\dc`Z_ Y\iiXjZ_\e[]iJ`\^\n\j\e% Qld JZ_cljj efZ_ \`e gXXi Nfik\ qld K_\dX =XiYdf[lj le[ ;Xk\`^i\ j% [XqlXlZ_J% -/ 1 N\eeJ`\[\e9\]\_c9`c[^i\Xlj[\d 9`c[$D\e Xen_c\e 8YY% /) # bee\e J`\ `e [\d =\ejk\i# [Xj j`Z_ [XiXl]_`e ]]e\k#^XeqfY\e[`\;Xk\`^i\XYc\j\e# n`\ j`\ Xl]^ile[ [\i G`o\cjkilbkli ^\^\$ Y\e `jk G`o\cdX\2 [\i D\_iY\[Xi] Xe Jg\`Z_\igcXkq [liZ_ qljkqc`Z_\ i\ % N`\J`\j\_\e#`jk[`\I>9$;Xk\`8YY% /* bc\`e\iXcj[`\:DPB$;Xk\`8YY% /+ $^\$ eXl\i ^\jX^k# Y\c\^k j`\ *&+ [\j Jg\`$ Z_\igcXkq\j [\i Xejfejk\e ^c\`Z_^if\e :DPB$;Xk\`% ;Xj c`\^k [XiXe# [Xjj \`e I>9$9`c[[i\`#\`e:DPB$9`c[a\[fZ_m`\i =XiYbXec\Y\j`kqk#[\i\eJg\`Z_\iY\[Xi] `d<`eq\ce\ea\n\`cj[\i^c\`Z_\`jk% N\ee J`\ [Xj I>9$9`c[ `e [\e >iXl$ jkl]\e$Df[lj m\ij\kq\e 8YY% /, l% /- # jZ_ildg]k [`\ ;Xk\`^i\ Xl] \`e ;i`kk\c# [X \j eli efZ_ [\e \`e\e >iXljkl]\ebX$ eXc ^`Yk 8YY% /. % ;`\j\e Mfik\`c bee\e J`\ q% 9% Y\`d JZXee\e mfe JZ_nXiq$ N\`$9`c[\ieXljelkq\e#[XJ`\j`Z_Y\`d M\in\e[\e [\j >iXljkl]\edf[lj \`e\ __\i\8l]cjle^^\e\_d`^\ebee\e%
I>9 /*
/+
/-
/.
BXg`k\c'*×I>9le[:DPB
/,
./
9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^ @e[`\j\dBXg`k\cn\i[\eJ`\c\ie\e#n`\ J`\ \`e\ \`e^\jZXeek\ 9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^ d`k \`e gXXi G_fkfj_fg$=\Xkli\j Xl]$ Y\i\`k\en\i[\e#\jn`i[lek\iXe[\i\d [\i =clZ_kglebk$=`ck\i le[ [Xj JZ_e\cc$ XljnX_c$N\ibq\l^qld<`ejXkqbfdd\eÆ le[eXkic`Z_n`\[\i\`edXc<`ejk\ccle^j$ \Y\e\e#DXjb\ele[ JdXik$FYa\bk\% 9`kk\]]e\eJ`\[`\;Xk\` k\iiX^e`VYc\`jk`]k% gj[8YY% ( %<j_Xe[\ckj`Z_[XY\`ld[`\ _Xe[^\q\`Z_e\k\G\ijg\bk`m\\`e\je`Z_k i\Xc`j`\ik\e Gifa\bkj mfe >l`j\gg\ K\iiX$ ^e`#[\i KfdYXDXdYi\kk`% 8d <e[\ lej\i\i 9\d_le^\e n`i[ [`\ Q\`Z_ele^ Xljj\_\e n`\ `e 8YY`c[le^ )# XY\ijZ_e[\iI\`_\eXZ_% QleZ_jkn\i[\`Z_@_e\eq\`^\e#n`\J`\ i\Z_kjZ_e\cc[`\Q\`Z_ele^d`k_`c]\\`e`$ ^\i <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e m\i]i\d[\e be$ e\e% ;Xj \ijk\ Kffc# nXj Y\` \`e\i jfcZ_ ÙXe^\^iXlk\eÈ 9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^ ]i `ek\$ i\jjXek\<]]\bk\jfi^k#`jk[`\jf^\eXeek\ M\icXl]jldj\kqle^Æ[XY\`n`i[\`e=XiY$ m\icXl] @_i\i NX_c Y\i [`\ Q\`Z_ele^
(
'+ )
*
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
.0
+
^\d`jZ_k# jf[Xjj j`Z_ [`\ =XiY\ mfd \`e\e <e[\ [\j M\icXl]jjg\bkildj Y\i [`\ [leb\cjk\e K\`c\# [`\ =XiY\ mfd Xe$ [\i\e<e[\Y\i[`\_\ccjk\eK\`c\[\jLi$ jgile^jY`c[\j c\^k# [\i I\jk m\ik\`ck j`Z_ \ekjgi\Z_\e[Xl][`\D`kk\cke\% GcXkq`\i\e J`\ Xcjf \`e\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\$ e\ ]i \`e\ jfcZ_\ M\icXl]jldj\kqle^ Y\i @_i\i ?`ek\i^ile[$
BXg k\c BXg` k\c \ '+×9c\ \c '+ ×9c\ 99c\`jk` `jk`k]kq `jk ]kq\ kq\ q\`Z_ `Z_e Z_e _ele^ _ele^
,
/'
/
.
A\kqkm\ijkib\eJ`\[\eBfekiXjkd`k_`c]\ \`e\i Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\$ e\8YY% . Æjk\cc\eJ`\]i[\eI>9$BXeXc [\ec`eb\eI\^c\iXl],'8YY% / #]i[\e Ifk$BXeXc[\eD`kk\cn\ikXl]'#/'8YY% 0 % 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% Ql ^lk\i C\kqk qld`e[\jk mficl]`^ dX$ Z_\eJ`\efZ_\`eE\^Xk`m[iXlj#d`k[\i <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Ldb\_i\e 8YY% (' % @_i 9`c[ j`\_k a\kqk Xlj n`\ \`e\ KX]\c$ q\`Z_ele^8YY% (( % N`\J`\j\_\ebee\e#`jk\jd`k_`c]\[\i \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9`c[bfii\bkli\e# Xcj <`e$ 0
((
('
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
/(
$ ]XZ_#jkXib\M\i]i\d[le^j\]]\bk\`e\`e\i 9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^ql\iq`\c\e%@d=fc^\e$ [\enfcc\en`ia\[fZ_\knXjXe[\i\jdX$ Z_\e Æ [Xj 9Xln\ib d`k \`e]XZ_\e D`k$ k\cek\okli`\i\e$#[X_\iYc\e[\eJ`\a\kqk Y`kk\[`\[i\`<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\eXljle[ bfg`\i\e [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[\Y\e\ d`k [\d 9\]\_c JKI>$A8YY% () %;`\j\e\l\9$N\ik\jk\cc\eJ`\\`e_\`kc`Z_Xl] a\n\`cj ))'8YY% (+ %
(*
()
;\e 9c\e[$Df[lj[\ie\l\e=XiY$iXl [\i
(,
J`\ `e [\i DXjb\ ql [`\j\d Qn\Zb d`k N\`% 8Z_k\eJ`\qleZ_jk[XiXl]#[Xjj[`\Mfi$ [\i^ile[]XiY\ JZ_nXiq le[ [`\ ?`ek\i$ ^ile[]XiY\N\``jk8YY% (- Æ[iZb\eJ`\ [Xqlefk]Xccj[`\KXjk\ ;JZ_nXiq$N\` le[^\^\Y\e\e]Xccj OqldKXljZ_\emfe Mfi[\i$le[?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ % A\kqk# nf JZ_nXiq [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ `jk#bc`Zb\eJ`\Y`kk\`e[`\DXjb\e$D`e`$ Xkli[\i=XiY\Y\e\8YY% (. le[[iZb\e 8ck$9XZbjgXZ\# jf[Xjj [`\j\ DXjb\ d`k JZ_nXiq^\]cckn`i[%
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
(-
(.
/)
(/
(0
N_c\e J`\ [Xj JZ_e\ccXljnX_c$N\ib$ q\l^ Xlj [\i N\ibq\l^$GXc\kk\ \j `jk \m\ekl\cc _`ek\i [\d QXlY\ijkXY m\i$ jk\Zbk Æ [iZb\e J`\ J_`]k$N# N Y`j J`\ \j j\_\e#8YY% (/ % J`\ bee\e a\kqk d`k [`\j\d N\ibq\l^ 8ljnX_c\edXc\eÆbc`Zb\eJ`\`e\`e\[\i =cZ_\e[\j9Xln\ibj#[`\ql@_e\en\`jk# le[ Y\n\^\e J`\ [\e N\ibq\l^$:lijfi jfcXe^\`ee\i_XcY[`\j\i=cZ_\#Y`jj`\ ^XeqXlj^\n_ck`jk8YY% (0 %J`\bee\e [`\ DXlj XlZ_ cfjcXjj\e le[ efZ_dXcj Xe \`e\ efZ_ e`Z_k Xlj^\n_ck\ Jk\cc\ bc`Zb\e $ [`\ 8ljnX_cY\i\`Z_\ n\i[\e Y\` [`\j\d N\ibq\l^ g\i Mfi\`ejk\ccle^ X[[`\ik%N\eeJ`\`d>\^\ek\`c\knXjmfe \`e\i8ljnX_c\ek]\ie\enfcc\e#[iZb\e J`\ ]i [\e \ijk\e Bc`Zb [\i 8Yql^j$8lj$ nX_c[`\8ck$KXjk\8YY% )' % )'
)(
))
N\ee J`\ \`e\e Y\ijZ_XlYXi\e 9\i\`Z_ Xlj^\n_ck _XY\e jf n`\ `e 8YY% (0 ql j\_\e # bc`Zb\e J`\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`X$ kli[\i=XiY$$9XZb$ jgXZ\Æ[\iXlj^\n_ck\K\`cn`i[`e[\i DXjb\ d`k N\` [\i ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ ^\]cck# `d 9`c[ j\_\e J`\# [Xjj [\i Xlj$ ^\n_ck\9\i\`Z_a\kqkd`k[\d>iXl[\i =XiY\Y\e\\`e^\]iYk`jk8YY% )' % =X_i\eJ`\a\kqk`dd\ijf]fik#`e[\dJ`\ n\`k\i\ =cZ_\e Xljn_c\e# [`\ ql @_$
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
/*
e\eq\`^\eÆJ`\YiXlZ_\e[Xqle`Z_k[`\ 9`c[\Y\e\Xbk`m`\i\e#ld@_i\8ljnX_c\e ql \ijk\cc\e# [X ]i [Xj JZ_e\ccXljnX_c$ N\ibq\l^[`\Fgk`fe8cc\iX]`b 8YY% )+ % J`\ \ekjgi`Z_k d`k `_i\e bc\`e\e Le^\eXl`^b\`k\e ^Xeq ^lk [\d _Xe[n\ibc`Z_\e :_XiXbk\i [\i 9c\`jk`]k$ q\`Z_ele^8YY% ), % J`\n\i[\ea\kqkqljkqc`Z_\`e\JZ_iX]]li Xl][\e=cZ_\eXl]Yi`e^\e#nfqlJ`\[\e =clZ_kglebk$=`ck\im\in\e[\en\i[\e% Ql\ijk \`edXc djj\e J`\ a\[fZ_ \`e\ jfcZ_\ JZ_iX]]li \ijk\cc\e# giXbk`jZ_\i$ n\`j\`e\`e\i\`^\e\e;Xk\`% JZ_Xl\eJ`\ql\ijk\`edXceXZ_#n`\^if @_i Xbkl\cc\j 9`c[ `jk# ld [`\ >i\ [\i JZ_iX]]li^iX]`b bXcblc`\i\e ql bee\e Æ n_c\e J`\ [Xql [\e 9\]\_c 9`c[^i\ Xlj [\d 9`c[$D\e 8YY% )- le[ jZ_Xl$ \eJ`\Xl][`\G`o\cdX\% ;Xj9`c[`jkZX%()''G`o\cYi\`k#Xcjfni\ \j ^lk# n\ee [`\ JZ_iX]]li^iX]`b ZX% -'' G`o\c`dHlX[iXk^ifni\%
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
)*
)+
)-
),
/+
).
;iZb\e J`\ Xcjf JKI>$E# ld \`e\ e\l\ ;Xk\` ql \iq\l^\e# ^\Y\e J`\ [`\j\i [\e EXd\e Jkilbkli le[ [`\ DX\ -''o-'' G`o\c% 8Z_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj \j \`e\ I>9$;Xk\``jk8YY% )- % )-
)/
Bfg`\i\e J`\ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[\Y\e\ d`k JKI>$A 8YY% ). le[ bfem\ik`\i\e J`\ [`\ e\l\ $< \`e\ e\l\
)0
*'
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
/,
*)
ele^ bfg`\i\e bee\e% @Z_ _XY\ j`\ Xlj [`\j\d >ile[ $8 8cc\j Xljn_c\e le[ [XeXZ_ JKI>$: Bfg`\$ i\e % *(
Ele n\Z_j\ce J`\ qliZb qli 9c\`jk`]k$ q\`Z_ele^%=^\eJ`\[fikY\i[\i^iXl$ \e=XiY$
*,
bc`Zbn\`j\ \`e Gfcp^fe# [Xj [`\ ^\jXd$ k\ Mfi[\i]cZ_\ [\j 9Xln\ibj ld]Xjjk 8YY% *- %
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
*-
**
*+
/-
*.
<j bXee j\`e# [Xjj \j qleZ_jk ^\cY [Xi$ ^\jk\cckn`i[#nXjY\[\lk\k#[Xjj[`\G\i$ jg\bk`m\ efZ_ e`Z_k Xcj bfii\bk \ibXeek n`i[8YY% *- % @e [`\j\d =Xcc# le[ XlZ_ ld [`\ Q\`Z_$ ele^ \knXj ql giq`j`\i\e# ^i\`]\e J`\ qld `kk\i YcXl[Xi^\jk\cck8YY% */ % |Yi`^\ej bee\e J`\ XlZ_ `e [`\j\d =\ejk\i d`k JKI>$C\\ikXjk\ `e [`\ Q\`Z_$ ele^_`e\`e$le[d`kJKI>$8ck$C\\ikXjk\ _`eXljqffd\e% */
*0
N\ee [Xj >`kk\i ]\ik`^ `jk# [iZb\e J`\ JKI>$M# M nfd`k J`\ [`\ \Y\e bfg`\ik\ JZ_iX]]li \`e]^\e Æ j`\ n`i[ qleZ_jk c`ebjfY\e`d9`c[gcXkq`\ik8YY% *0 % =Xccjj`Z_Y\`JKI>$Me`Z_kjklk#Yi\Z_\e J`\XY#n\Z_j\ceJ`\efZ_\`edXcqli;X$ k\` Jkilbkli# i XZ_k\e [XiXl]# [Xjj [`\ $8 le[ JKI>$:# le[ m\ijlZ_\e \j efZ_ \`edXc `e [\i 9c\`jk`]k$;Xk\` Æ [\i g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_\IX_d\e`jkeXZ_n`\mfi qlj\_\e% N\ee J`\ Xcjf [`\ JZ_iX]]li `d fY\i\e c`eb\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
/.
+'
CXjj\e J`\ [`\ DXljkXjk\ cfj# n\ee [`\ JZ_iX]]li\`e\J\`k\[\jGfcp^fejbeXgg Y\icXggk# le[ [iZb\e J`\ JKI>$K# K ld j`\jbXc`\i\eqlbee\e% Q`\_\e J`\ Xcc\ m`\i J\`k\e jf n\`k# [Xjj Xcc\ \`e n\e`^ Y\i [`\ 9\^i\eqle^ [\j G\ijg\bk`m\$IX_d\ej _`eXljiX^\e 8YY% +( % 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FBÆ[`\JZ_iX]]lij`kqk a\kqk g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ bfii\bk `e [\i Q\`Z_$ ele^8YY% +) % JZ_Xck\eJ`\a\kqkql\ijk[\e9c\e[df[lj [\i
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
+( +*
//
++
DXjb`\i\e J`\ [`\ JZ_iX]]li$$KXjk\ `e [`\DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli[\i=XiY$Xeq\ a\kqk ]i [`\ 9Xl$ n\ibj]cZ_\e#[`\eXZ_c`ebjn\`j\e#n`\$ [\i_fc\eÆ\ijk[Xj<`e]iY\ed`k\`e\d [lebc\i\e >iXlkfe le[ [Xee [Xj GcXk$ q`\i\e \`e\i g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ Xlj^\i`Z_k\$ k\eJZ_iX]]li% QleZ_jk qli =XiY\Y\e\1 j\kq\e J`\ \`e\ qn\`k\ =XiY\Y\e\ Y\i [\i Bfg`\ [\i ?`ek\i^ile[$
+-
+.
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
/0
+/
>iXln\ikI#>#94 (,'#8YY% +/ % 9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj[`\ DXjb\[`\j\ie\l$ \e $9XZbjgXZ\#n\eeJZ_nXiq[`\ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\`jk % >i\`]\e J`\ n`\[\i qld JZ_e\ccXljnX_c$ N\ibq\l^ N Yqn% J_`]k$N# N 8YY% (/ le[ n_c\eJ`\eXZ_\`eXe[\iY\ijZ_XlYXi\ 9\i\`Z_\ [\i eXZ_ c`ebj n\`j\e[\e 9Xl$ n\ibj]cZ_\eXlj% 9\XZ_k\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc# [Xjj J`\ d`k [`\j\dN\ibq\l^g\iMfi\`ejk\ccle^d`k a\[\d Jki`Z_ 8ljnX_cY\i\`Z_\ X[[`\i\e le[ [Xjj J`\ [`\ 8ck$KXjk\ [iZb\e dj$ j\e#n\eeJ`\K\`c\\`e\i8ljnX_c\ek]\i$ e\enfcc\e% ;iZb\eJ`\XlZ__`\imfeQ\`kqlQ\`k H# ld [`\ HlXc`kk @_i\i 8ljnX_c\e ql bfe$ kifcc`\i\e%A\[\jdXc#n\eeJ`\\`e\eXlj$ i\`Z_\e[\e 9\i\`Z_ Xlj^\n_ck _XY\e# ]cc\e J`\ N\` `e [`\ DXjb\ [\i e\l\e =XiY\Y\e\% 9\XZ_k\e J`\ XY\i leY\[`e^k# [Xjj [Xql XlZ_ n`ibc`Z_ [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i =XiY$
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
+0
0'
,'
,)
,*
,(
Ele ^\_k \j Xe [`\ JZ_iX]]li ]i [`\ c`e$ b\e=cZ_\eÆXdY\jk\eXiY\`k\eJ`\_`\i `e qn\`
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
0(
$ [\i ^\cY [Xi^\jk\cck n`i[ [`\ G\ijg\bk`$ m\XcjfefZ_e`Z_kÙjk`ddkÈ #bfii`^`\i\e J`\[`\CX^\[\i`kk\i YcXl\ijZ_\`ek% ;iZb\e J`\ JKI>$M# M jf[Xjj [`\ JZ_iX]$ ]lin`\[\i`e[\ic`eb\efY\i\e$K le[ q`\_\e J`\ [`\ JZ_iX]]li Y\i Xcc\ Ie$ [\i [\j YcXl\e G\ijg\bk`m\$Gfcp^fej 8YY% ,, % QliZb `d 9`c[# jk\cc\e J`\ XlZ_ [\e 9c\e[df[lj[`\j\ie\l\e$KXjk\`e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i lek\i\e =XiY$ \Y\e\ [\ia\e`^\e# [`\ ]i [`\ =iYle^ [\ic`eb\e=cZ_\eqljke[`^`jk#8YY% ,. # jf[XjjJ`\\`e\jZ_n\Y\e[\8ljnX_c[\i c`eb\e=XjjX[\e]cZ_\ej\_\e#le[]^\e [\i e\l\e JZ_iX]]li$
,+
,,
,-
,/
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
,.
,0
0)
-'
-(
;\i c`eb\ K\`c [\i eXZ_ c`ebj n\`j\e[\e =cZ_\e [\j [Xi^\jk\cck\e 9Xln\ibj `jk eled`k[\iJZ_iX]]liY\c\^k8YY% ,0 %
-)
-+
J`\n\i[\ea\kqk[`\i\jkc`Z_\eeXZ_c`ebj n\`j\e[\e =cZ_\e ÙjZ_iX]]`\i\eÈ Æ c\$ ^\e J`\ efZ_ \`e\ [i`kk\ 9`c[\Y\e\ Y\i [\i qlc\kqk gcXkq`\ik\e Xe J_`]k$JKI>$E# 8YY% -' le[ jn`kZ_\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc `e [Xj =\ejk\i [\j =clZ_kglebk$=`ck\ij =`ck\i$D\e % ;fik_XY\eJ`\jZ_fe\`e\g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ gXjj\e[\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
0*
=^\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc [`\ JZ_iX]]li \`e JKI>$M2[`\JZ_iX]]lijfcck\j`Z_efZ_`d M Qn`jZ_\ejg\`Z_\i Y\]`e[\e# n\ee e`Z_k# djj\e J`\ j`\ \ie\lk `e [\i JZ_iX]]li$ ;Xk\`Xljn_c\e #q`\_\eJ`\j`\Xl][Xj G\ijg\bk`m\$Gfcp^fe le[ gXjj\e J`\ j`\ d`k_`c]\[\j9\]\_cj JKI>$KXe8YY% -* % QliZb `d 9`c[# jk\cc\e J`\ XlZ_ [`\ [i`k$ k\ JZ_iX]]li$$Bc`Zb Xl] `_i\ D`e`Xkli#8YY% -, le[n\`j\e[\iXbk`m\e
--
BXg`k\c'+×9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^
-.
-,
0+
-0
-/
.'
Jfi^\e J`\ [X]i# [Xjj Xcc\ Xe[\i\e
.(
.)
NXe[\ce J`\ [`\j\ i\`]\e J`\ [Xee qld M\iq\iile^j]`ck\i Bilj\ce Xlj [\d =`ck\i$D\e 8YY% .( Æ jk\cc\e J`\ j\`e\ Jkib\ Xl] )'' le[ [`\ >i\Xl] Bc\`e8YY% .) % Ld[XjJZ_iX]]liY`c[\`eY`jjZ_\eXljql$ [ee\e#il]\eJ`\[Xj
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
0,
.*
N\ik(0'Xe^\q\`^kn`i[ÆY\`Xbk`m`\ik\i MfijZ_Xlbee\eJ`\Y\fYXZ_k\e#n`\[`\ JZ_iX]]lijki`Z_\[ee\ile[YcXjj\in\i$ [\e% 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ bcXgg\e J`\ `e[\i
k\e IXe[ [\j
0-
N\eeJ`\a\kqk[`\=XiY\c`\Y\ijfjk\l\ie nfcc\e#[XjjJ`\\`e\]iXcc\=cZ_\e^\$ d\`ejXd\ =XiY\Y\e\ _XY\e# [`\ J`\ d`k \`e\iKfen\ikbfii\bkligXik`\ccXY[leb\ce# [Xeem\i]X_i\eJ`\n`\]fc^k1 J\kq\e J`\ Y\i [\i _\cc\i\e =XiY\Y\e\ [\ia\e`^\e# [\i j`\ ^\iX[\ \`e\ Ylek\ =XiY\ m\igXjjk _XY\e \`e\ Kfen\ikbfi$ i\bkli\`e8YY% .- %8e[\e<`ejk\ccle^\e [\j ?`jkf^iXddj e[\ie J`\ qleZ_jk ^Xie`Z_kj#le[Y\jkk`^\e\`e]XZ_d`kFB% ;`\ DXjb\ [\i Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$$9XZbjgXZ\# n\ee JZ_nXiq [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\`jk %
.-
./
..
.0
?fc\e J`\ j`Z_ [`\ DXjb\# [`\ [`\ eXZ_ c`ebj n\`j\e[\e =cZ_\e dXib`\ik# Xcj 8ljnX_c`ej9`c[#`e[\dJ`\d`k^\[iZb$ b k\i JKI>$KXjk\ Xl] [`\ DXjb\ed`e`Xkli [\i[lebc\i\e=XiY\Y\e\bc`Zb\e8YY% ./ # bc`Zb\e J`\ `e [`\ jZ_nXiq\ DXjb\e$D`$ e`Xkli [\i Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$$9XZbjgXZ\#8YY% .0 % ;`\ 8ljnX_c jZ_n\Yk `dd\i efZ_ Y\i @_i\d 9`c[ Æ bc`Zb\e J`\ a\kqk qljkqc`Z_ `e[`\DXjb\ed`e`Xkli[\i_\cc\i\e=XiY$ \Y\e\le[]cc\eJ`\[\e8ljnX_cY\i\`Z_ _`\i\Y\e]Xccjd`kN\`% /'
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
0.
/(
A\kqk `jk @_i\ Q\`Z_ele^ \ijkdXc ^c\`Z_$ d`^ \`e^\]iYk# f_e\ ?\cc`^b\`kj[`]]\$ i\eq`\ile^8YY% /' % Ld [`\j\ n`\[\iql\icXe^\e# m\in\e[\e J`\ [`\ jZ_fe gcXkq`\ik\ Kfen\ikbfii\b$ b kli% Bc`Zb\e J`\ [fgg\ck Xl] [Xj @Zfe [\i \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ le[ jk\cc\eJ`\a\n\`cj[\eD`kk\cn\ik]fc^\e$ [\idX\e\`e1 @d I>9$BXeXc Xl] '#., 8YY% /( # `d Ifk$ BXeXc Xl] '#(, 8YY% /) # `d >ie$BXeXc Xl] '#), 8YY% /* le[ `d 9cXl$BXeXc Xl] '#+'8YY% /+ %
/)
J`\ bee\e [`\ lek\i\ =XiY\Y\e\ a\kqk cjZ_\e#n\`cqliI\^lc`\ile^[\i=XiY`^$ b\`k [\j 9`c[\j [`\ \`e\# _\cc\i\ =XiY\Y\$ e\Xlji\`Z_k% /+
/*
0/
<jbXeeql^lk\iC\kqke`Z_kjZ_X[\e#XlZ_ [`\ 9c\`jk`]kq\`Z_ele^ j\cYjk ql jZ_i]\e Æ nXe[\ce J`\ [`\
/-
G_fk G_fkfj_f fkfj_f j_ g g `e [\i [\i 8iZ_` iZ k\bk k\ kli^i ^iiX]`b X`
00
//
/.
BXg` BXg g k\c k\\ '+× '+ 9c\ '+ 9c\\``jk` `jk `jjjk` jkk`k`]kq\ k`]]kq\ q\`Z_e _ele lle^ e^
(''
EX_kcfj\K\okli
(
',
9`kdXg$K\okli\e YiXlZ_\e J`\ jfnf_c `e G_fkfj_fg XcjXlZ_`e^e^`^\e*;$Gif$ ^iXdd\e#ldJ`\Xl]FYa\bk]cZ_\edXg$ g\eqlbee\e%8d9\`jg`\c\`e\imfed`i ^\]\ik`^k\e Bc`eb\ifY\i]cZ_\ n`cc `Z_ @_$ e\eq\`^\e#n`\J`\\`e\jfcZ_\_\ijk\cc\e bee\e% 9\kiXZ_k\e J`\ \`edXc 9`c[ ( le[ ) Æ [`\ fY\i\8YY`c[le^q\`^k[`\8[[`k`fe\`e\j 9`c[df[lcj#le[qnXim`\idXc_fi`qfekXc le[ [i\`dXc m\ik`bXc2 [`\ lek\i\ ;Xijk\c$ cle^ q\`^k [Xj ÙFi`^`eXcY`c[È# `e [\d a\$ [\iJk\`emfe?Xe[gcXkq`\ik`jkle[j`Z_ e`Z_kj n`\[\i_fck `Z_ _XY\ [`\j\ K\okli ]i\`e\NXe[]cZ_\mfei\XcZX%,o*d \ijk\cck % ;\iMfik\`c\`e\ijf^\eXeek\eBXZ_\cle^ n`\`d\ijk\e9`c[c`\^k[Xi`e#[XjjJ`\Xl] [`\j\ N\`j\ Y\c`\Y`^ ^if\ =cZ_\e ]c$ c\e bee\e# [\i EXZ_k\`c `jk Y\bXeekc`Z_# [Xjj[`\N`\[\i_fcle^\`e\jDljk\ijXY \`e\dY\jk`ddk\e=XbkfiXl]]cck% <j _`c]k eXkic`Z_# n\ee [`\ BXZ_\cle^ eX_kcfj \i]fc^k# [% _% [Xjj [\i a\n\`cj i\Z_k\IXe[[\jDf[lcjY\i^Xe^jcfjXe [\e eZ_jk]fc^\e[\e c`eb\e XejZ_c`\k# le[XeXcf^[\ia\n\`cjlek\i\Xe[\ej`Z_ XejZ_c`\\e[\e fY\i\e IXe[ [\j eZ_j$ k\eDf[lcj% @Z_n\i[\@_e\eq\`^\e#n`\J`\Xlj[\d ^if\e ÙFi`^`eXcÈ$Bc`eb\ik\gg`Z_ \`e\e \knXhlX[iXk`jZ_\eK\`c_\iXljjZ_e\`[\e le[[`\j\ejfY\XiY\`k\ebee\e#[Xjj\i j`Z_XcjDf[lceX_kcfjX[[`\i\ecjjk% {]]e\e J`\ [`\ ;Xk\` bc`eb\i%gj[ le[ cXj$ j\e J`\ j`Z_ d`k JKI>$I [`\ C`e\Xc\ Xe$ q\`^\e% Q`\_\e J`\ j`Z_ qleZ_jk \`e\ _fi`qfekX$ c\?`c]jc`e`\Xlj[\dfY\i\eC`e\Xcjf`ej 9`c[#[Xjjj`\d`kk`^[liZ_\`e\Jk\`ecX^\ m\icl]k8YY% * % N\ee Y\` [`\j\i >\c\^\e_\`k Xck\ ?`c]j$ c`e`\e \`e^\Yc\e[\k n\i[\e# n_c\e J`\ [\e 9\]\_c ?`c]jc`e`\e cjZ_\e Xlj [\d
)
('(
8ej`Z_k$D\e le[ n`\[\i_fc\e J`\ [Xj >Xeq\% GcXkq`\i\e J`\ \`e\ n\`k\i\ _fi`qfekXc\ ?`c]jc`e`\e jf n\`k lek\i_XcY [\i \ijk\e# [Xjj(,mfccjke[`^\Jk\`ecX^\eqn`jZ_\e [\e Y\`[\e ?`c]jc`e`\e c`\^\e Æ XlZ_ [`\ qn\`k\ ?`c]jc`e`\ jfcck\ n`\[\i d`kk`^ [liZ_\`e\CX^\^\_\e8YY% * % J\kq\eJ`\[Xee\`e\\ijk\m\ik`bXc\?`c]j$ c`e`\jf\`e#[Xjjj`\[`\fY\i\_fi`qfekX$ c\?`c]jc`e`\d`kk`^`e\`e\d^if\eQ`\^\c jZ_e\`[\k 8YY% * # \`e\ qn\`k\ M\ik`bX$ c\ gcXkq`\i\e J`\ jf# [Xjj [`\ ?`c]jc`e`\e `ej^\jXdk \knX \`e HlX[iXk ld]Xjj\e Æ XlZ_ [`\ c\kqk\ ?`c]jc`e`\ jfcck\ [`\ ?f$ i`qfekXc\e d`kk`^ `e \`e\d ^if\e Jk\`e jZ_e\`[\e8YY% * % N\ee J`\ ql]i`\[\e d`k [\i CX^\ [\i ?`c]jc`e`\e j`e[# ^i\`]\e J`\ qld =i\`jk\c$ cle^jn\ibq\l^ :#8YY% + % 9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[XjjfY\e`e[\i Fgk`fe\e$ GXc\kk\ b\`e\ Q`\cdX\ \`e^\kiX^\e j`e[# ^\^\Y\e\e]Xccj bc`Zb\e J`\ ^Xeq i\Z_kj Xl][\e CjZ_\e$9lkkfe% *
+
Q`\_\e J`\ a\kqk d`k [\d =i\`jk\ccle^j$ n\ibq\l^ \`e I\Z_k\Zb Y\i [\e ?`c]jc`$ e`\eXl]n`\J`\d\ib\e#]e^kj`Z_[Xj N\ibq\l^ Xe [`\j\e C`e`\e \`e Æ n\ee J`\ [Xd`k ]\ik`^ j`e[# n`i[ [\i I\jk [\j 9`c[\j qleZ_jk XY^\[leb\ck [Xi^\jk\cck 8YY% , % 8Z_k\e J`\ leY\[`e^k [XiXl]# [Xjj a\kqk `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ [`\ Fgk`fe CjZ_\e ]i [\e ]i\`^\jk\cck\e 9\$ i\`Z_Xbk`m`\ik`jk% , BXg`k\c',×EX_kcfj\K\okli
(')
-
;iZb\e J`\ a\kqk [`\ I\klie$KXjk\# ld [`\ =i\`jk\ccle^ XYqljZ_c`\\e% N_c\e J`\[Xee[\e9\]\_c9`c[^i\Xlj[\d 9`c[$D\e# 8YY% - Æ [fik n\i[\e @_e\e [`\G`o\cdX\[\je\l\e9`c[]fidXkjXe$ ^\q\`^k8YY% . % 9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj[`\Fgk`fe\e9`c[e\l Y\i\Z_e\e le[ Gifgfik`fe\e Y\`Y\_Xc$ k\e Xbk`m`\ik j`e[# le[ kiX^\e J`\ a\kqk ]i [`\ 9i\`k\ [\e N\ik (-'' G`o\c \`e 8YY% / % =i [`\ jgk\i\ 9\XiY\`kle^ `jk \j le\icjjc`Z_# [Xjj [`\ G`o\cn\ik\ ]i Y\`[\ ;`d\ej`fe\e ^\iX[\ QX_c\e j`e[# Xcjf[\Xbk`m`\i\eJ`\a\kqk[`\Fgk`feGif$ gfik`fe\e Y\`Y\_Xck\e# le[ e[\ie [Xee qljkqc`Z_[\eG`o\cn\ik]i[`\?_\Xl] (-))8YY% 0 %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB%
.
/
0
A\kqk qld <`^\ekc`Z_\e Æ J`\ n\i[\e \`$ e\e=`ck\im\in\e[\e#[\i[`\i\Z_k\le[ c`eb\ jfn`\ [`\ fY\i\ le[ lek\i\ ?c]k\ [\j9`c[\j^\^\e\`eXe[\iXljkXljZ_k2[`\ D`kk\cXZ_j\e n\i[\e [Xd`k ql Ie[\ie [\jDf[lcj#nXj\`e\Y\i^Xe^jcfj\I\`$ _le^[\jDf[lcj\id^c`Z_k% ('
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
('*
9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj[`\9`c[$
((
(*
jfcck\e [liZ_ ^Xeq\ Jk\`e\ \ij\kqk n\i$ [\e% ;Xqlcj\eJ`\qleZ_jk\`edXc[`\]XcjZ_ qljXdd\e^\j\kqk\e Jk\`e\# [`\ `e [\i m\ik`bXc\eD`kk\cXZ_j\c`\^\eY`jXl][\e fY\ijk\eYqn%lek\ijk\e_XcY\e #Xlj[\d 9`c[_\iXlj#`e[\dJ`\j`\ql\ijkXljn_$ c\e% M\in\e[\e J`\ [Xql [Xj 8ljnX_c$ i\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ $ [`\ 8ljnX_c\e [\i \`eq\ce\eJk\`e\bee\eJ`\[XY\`[liZ_ ;iZb\e[\i J_`]k$KXjk\X[[`\i\e8YY% (*2 _`\i `jk d`k_`c]\ H [`\ 8ljnX_c `d DXj$ b\e$Df[lj[Xi^\jk\cck %
BXg`k\c',×EX_kcfj\K\okli
()
('+
(+
;`\j\ 8ljnX_c Ù]XcjZ_\iÈ Jk\`e\ bee\e J`\ a\kqk d`k_`c]\ [\j 9\]\_cj E\l$
N\Z_j\ce J`\ qliZb qli \`^\ekc`Z_\e 9`c[\Y\e\ le[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ ^Xeq\ Jk\`e\Xe[`\Jk\cc\[\ijf\Y\e_\iXlj^\$ cjk\e#`e[\dJ`\\`e\eJk\`e@_i\iNX_c d`k [\d 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ Xlj$ n_c\e D le[ `_e [Xee d`k [\d M\i$ jZ_`\Y\e$N\ibq\l^ M le[ ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\ [Xd`k \j \`e\ Bfg`\ n`i[ Xe [\e i`Z_k`^\e Fik jZ_`\Y\e 8YY% (- % 9\$ XZ_k\eJ`\#[XjjJ`\b\`e\Jk\`e\Xlj[\i led`kk\cYXi\eEXZ_YXijZ_X]km\in\e[\e# [Xd`k dXe @_e\e e`Z_k XccqljZ_e\cc Xl] [`\JZ_c`Z_\bfddk% =X_i\e J`\ jf ]fik Æ Y\igi]\e J`\ [Xj mficl]`^\
(-
(.
Bdd\ie J`\ j`Z_ a\kqk ld [`\ _fi`qfe$ kXc\D`kk\cXZ_j\Æn_c\eJ`\Xcc\Jk\`e\# Y`j Xl] [`\a\e`^\e# [`\ Xd c`eb\e Yqn% i\Z_k\e IXe[ le[ `e [\i D`kk\ c`\^\e# Xlj8YY% (/ #c\^\ej`\\Y\e]XccjXl]\`e\ e\l\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(',
)(
(0
Jk\`ej Xlj Æ [`\j\ 8ljnX_c m\i]iXZ_k\e J`\Xl]\`e\e\l\
)'
('-
))
)*
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
('.
A\kqk_XY\eJ`\qn\`e\l\Xeq\ ]i [\e fY\$ i\e le[ lek\i\e _XcY\e ^if\e Jk\`e1 n_c\e J`\ \`e gXjj\e[\j
)+
;X J`\ a\kqk e`Z_kj d\_i ql m\ijZ_`\Y\e _XY\e# bee\e J`\ Xcc\
BXg`k\c',×EX_kcfj\K\okli
),
('/
Eleqld=l^\e_`ek\i^ile[ÆJ`\n\i[\e [`\j\ed`k_`c]\qn\`\i=`ck\i\`en\e`^i\$$ Xc`jk`jZ_\i^\jkXck\e% Jk\cc\eJ`\qleZ_jk[`\=XiY\Y\e\Xl]\`e \knXj_\cc\i\j>iXlI#>#94(,'#8YY% ). % ;Xeebfg`\i\eJ`\[`\j\
).
Ld [`\ =`ck\i q\ijkile^j]i\` Xen\e[\e ql bee\e# nXe[\ce J`\ [`\ \Y\e ^\iXj$ k\ik\
)/
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
('0
*'
$ e\Xbk`m`\ik`jkle[[Xjj[`\Mfi[\i^ile[$ ]XiY\ JZ_nXiq le[ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ N\``jk^^]%[iZb\eJ`\ ;le[[XeXZ_ O% N_c\e J`\ [Xee [\e Jkilbkli`\ile^j]`c$ k\iBiele^Xlj[\d =`ck\i$D\e8YY% *( % <ekjZ_\`[\eJ`\j`Z_]i[`\Biele^jXik >\klg]k$[`\ @ek\ej`kkjk\cc\eJ`\Xl] (''# [\e BfekiXjkXl] ,'8YY% *) %
*(
Jk\cc\eJ`\a\kqk[\e9c\e[df[lj[\i
BXg`k\c',×EX_kcfj\K\okli
*+
*)
(('
*-
Jk\cc\eJ`\]i[`\j\e[`\Jkib\Xl])''# [`\ >i\ Xl] >if 8YY% *, % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB Æ n`\ J`\ j\_\e# n`i[ [liZ_ [`\j\e=`ck\i[`\^\biek\FY\i]cZ_\ql$ jkqc`Z_df[lc`\ik% *,
A\kqk bee\e J`\ efZ_ JZ_cX^jZ_Xkk\e `e [Xj9`c[\`e]^\e#ld]i[`\=l^\e\`e\ ^\n`jj\ K`\]\en`ible^ ql \iq`\c\e% ;Xql n\i[\eJ`\[`\Bc`eb\i$
*/
Bc`Zb\eJ`\_`\ic`ebj`e[\iC`jk\Xl][\e <`ekiX^ JZ_cX^jZ_Xkk\e Æ [XiXl]_`e n`i[ [`\j\i <]]\bk Xbk`m`\ik le[ J`\ bee\e i\Z_kj <`ejk\ccle^\e ]i `_e mfie\_d\e% Jg`\c\eJ`\il_`^\`en\e`^d`k[\e<`e$ jk\ccle^\e_\ildle[Y\fYXZ_k\eJ`\[`\ 8ljn`ible^\e `d 9`c[ jfcck\e J`\ b\`e\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(((
M\ie[\ile^\e j\_\e# `jk m\idlkc`Z_ [`\ Fgk`fe MfijZ_Xl [\Xbk`m`\ik Æ n\ee J`\ [`\Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\en`\[\i_XY\edZ_$ k\e#[iZb\eJ`\\`e]XZ_[`\ 8ck$KXjk\le[ bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [\e 9lkkfe 8YYi\Z_\e# [\i a\kqk QliZbj\kq\e _\`k lek\i [\d FB$9lkkfe %@Z__XY\^\^\eY\i[\eMfi$ \`ejk\ccle^\eeli\`e\XYn\`Z_\e[\Alj$ k`\ile^mfi^\efdd\e#`e[\d`Z_[\e 8Y$ jkXe[Xl] /\i__k_XY\% @_iBc`eb\i$Df[lc`jka\kqk]\ik`^8YY% */ ÆXcc\j#nXjJ`\a\kqkefZ_klebee\e#`jk# \j Xcj Dljk\i ql jg\`Z_\ie% ;fZ_ mfiXY n`cc `Z_ @_e\e efZ_ q\`^\e# n`\ J`\ [`\ ;Xk\` jf Xl]Y\i\`k\e# [Xjj J`\ j`\ XlZ_ `e \`e\d *;$Gif^iXdd n`\ :`e\dX +; XcjK\oklim\in\e[\ebee\e%;Xql`jk\j _`c]i\`Z_#n\eeJ`\\YiXlZ_ \`e\ $<# ld \`e\ qljXdd\e^\$ ]Xjjk\ Bfg`\ Xcc\i j`Z_kYXi\e $<# ld \`e\ QljXdd\e]Xjjle^ [\i a\kqk \`e^\Yc\e[\k\e
BXg`k\c',×EX_kcfj\K\okli
*0
A\kqk n\i[\e J`\ efZ_ \`e\ JZ_nXiq$ N\`$DXjb\\ijk\cc\e#d`k[\iJ`\`d*;$ Gif^iXdd [`\ Q`\^\c mfe `_i\d =l^\e$ _`ek\i^ile[]i\`jk\cc\ebee\e#[Xd`kJ`\ [`\j\ed`k[\eYfi[\`^\e\eJ_X[\ie[\j *;$Gif^iXddj \iq\l^\e bee\e Æ XlZ_ ]i [`\ I\c`\]`\ile^ [\i =l^\e `jk [`\j\ DXjb\_`c]i\`Z_% 9c\e[\e J`\ eli [`\
+'
(()
+*
[liZ_ Bc`Zb Xl] [Xj qn\`k\ @Zfe mfe i\Z_kj Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i
Jk\cc\e J`\ j`Z_\i# [Xjj [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[$ ]XiY\ JZ_nXiq le[ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ N\` `jk ; le[ ^^]% O# 8YY% +* le[ [i$ Zb\eJ`\JKI>$9XZbjgXZ\#ld[\eXlj^\$ n_ck\e9\i\`Z_d`kN\`ql]cc\e% B\_i\e J`\ [Xee [`\ 8ljnX_c ld d`k [\d \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e# 8YY% ++ le[ ]cc\e J`\ [\e 9\i\`Z_# [\e [`\ Jk\`e\ \`ee\_d\e# d`k JZ_nXiq# `e[\d J`\ 8ck$9XZbjgXZ\ [iZb\e8YY% +, %
++
+,
8YjZ_c`\\e[ i\[lq`\i\e J`\ efZ_ [`\ 9`c[^i\# [Xd`k [Xj Q`\^\cdf[lc \knXj _Xe[c`Z_\i n`i[% N_c\e J`\ 9`c[^i\ Xlj[\d9`c[$D\e8YY% +- le[jk\cc\e J`\9i\`k\le[?_\[\j9`c[\jXl] (''' G`o\c Æ [Xql dljj [`\ Fgk`fe Gifgfik`f$ e\eY\`Y\_Xck\e[\Xbk`m`\ikj\`e8YY% +. % +-
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
((*
+.
[\j Df[lcj k\jk\e# `e[\d J`\ \j `ee\i$ _XcY G_fkfj_fgj Xcj Dljk\i m\in\e[\e n\i[\e% 9c\e[\e J`\ [`\ fY\ijk\ 9`c[\Y\e\ d`k [\d EXd\e 9`c[ Bfdgc\kk \`e le[ Xbk`$ m`\i\eJ`\j`\XlZ_8YY% +/ %;iZb\eJ`\ JKI>$8#ld[\e^\jXdk\e$E # [\i J`\ [\e EXd\e Bc`eb\i$ nXe[ ^\Y\e 8YY% ,( Æ 9i\`k\ le[ ?_\ jk\cc\e J`\ Xl] +''' G`o\c 9i\`k\ dXc *''' G`o\c ?_\ % ;\i =XiYdf[lj jfcck\ I>9j\`e%
+/
+0
,(
,'
((+
J\kq\e J`\ a\kqk @_i Bc`eb\idf[lc ^\bX$ Z_\ck\`e#`e[\dJ`\qleZ_jk[\e9\]\_c =cZ_\ ]cc\e Xlj [\d 9\XiY\`k\e$D\e n_c\e 8YY% ,)2 J`\ bee\e XlZ_ J_`]k$ 9XZbjgXZ\[iZb\e % 8lj[\dM\in\e[\e$Gfglg$D\eg`Zb\e J`\ j`Z_ [Xj Dljk\i _\iXlj# [`i\bk [Xi$ lek\i bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [Xj 8ljnX_cd\e d`k[\dEXd\e<`^\e\jDljk\i8YY% ,* % @e [\d GXe\c d`k [\e m\i]^YXi\e Dlj$ k\ie#[Xjj`Z_[XiXl]_`eq\`^k#bee\eJ`\ [liZ_ Bc`Zb\e Xl] [\e G]\`c i\Z_kj \`e D\e]]e\e#Xlj[\dJ`\[`\Fgk`fe>if$ \ D`e`Xkli n_c\e bee\e Æ [`\ Dlj$ k\iY`c[Z_\e j`e[ [XiXl]_`e \`e Y`jjZ_\e Y\jj\i\ib\eeYXi%
,)
8d <e[\ [\i Dljk\i$@Zfej bee\e J`\ a\[\e]Xccj@_iQ`\^\cdf[lc\ib\ee\e#[Xj J`\ eXkic`Z_ Xebc`Zb\e 8YY% ,+ % 9\jkk`$ ^\eJ`\d`kFBle[@_i9`c[]cckj`Z_d`k [\e Bfg`\e [\j mfe @_e\e ^\]\ik`^k\e
,*
,+
Q`\^\cY`c[j 8YY% ,, % ;Xd`k `jk @_i Q`\c \ii\`Z_k# J`\ _XY\e \`e Q`\^\cdf[lc ^\$ jZ_X]]\e# [Xjj j`Z_ f_e\ Xccql^if\ 8l]$ ]cc`^b\`k\eX[[`\i\ecjjk% =Xccj J`\ dXc Jkilbkli\e \ekn`Zb\ce nfc$ c\e# [`\ \`e n\e`^ XYjkiXbk\i j`e[# be$ e\eJ`\^Xeq^lkXl]G_fkfj_fgjDljk\i qliZb^i\`]\e $ jZ_Xl\e J`\ \`edXc `e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
((,
,,
BXg`k\c)eXZ_#[fik^\_\`Z_^Xeqql9\$ ^`ee [XiXl] \`e# nf J`\ qljkqc`Z_\ Dlj$ k\ijXddcle^\e]`e[\ebee\e% M\in\e[\e J`\ [`\j\ Dljk\i 8ljnX_c i\Z_kj l% lek\e qljXdd\e d`k =`ck\ie le[ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e# ld \`^\e\ K\o$ kli\eql^\e\i`\i\e%
((-
(
')
*
8cg_XbXeXc @e [`\j\d BXg`k\c ^\_k \j [Xild# \`e\e 9Xld8YY% ( mfej\`e\d?`ek\i^ile[ql Y\]i\`\e Æ \`e\ kpg`jZ_\ 8l]^XY\# n\ee \j [Xild ^\_k# :fek\ek ]i [`\ 8iZ_`k\b$ b kli[Xijk\ccle^Xl]qlY\i\`k\e% ;XjGifYc\d[XY\``jk#[Xjj[`\8ljnX_c$ n\ibq\l^\# [`\ lej G_fkfj_fg qli M\i$ ]^le^ jk\cck DXib`\ile^ji\Z_k\Zb Yqn% $
jk\_\e% DXZ_\eJ`\j`Z_bcXi#[Xjj[Xj9`c[e`Z_k Y\jfe[\ij^if`jkJKI>$8ck$@ Æ[`\]i\`$ ^\jk\cck\e vjkZ_\e n\i[\e [\j_XcY Xd <e[\ \knXj g`o\c`^ Xljj\_\e% @e \`e\d ^i\i\e9`c[j_\[Xj$A#8YY% ) le[gcXkq`\$ i\e[Xee\`e\<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\eXd\ej J\c\bk`m\=XiYbfii\bkliY\i`_iXlj[\d \ekjgi\Z_\e[\eGfglg$D\eXdlek\i\e IXe[[\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
((.
FB%N_c\eJ`\XcjeZ_j$ k\j[`\9cXlke\qli9\XiY\`kle^Xlj#le[ i\^\ceJ`\_`\i:pXeXl]"(''#DX^\ekX \Y\e]XccjXl]"(''le[>\cYXl]$('' 8YY% , %9\jkk`^\eJ`\a\kqkd`k FB% E\_d\e J`\ Xcj eZ_jk\j \`e\ =XiYkfe& Jkk`^le^j$Bfii\bkli mfi Æ n_c\e J`\ [`\ ^c\`Z_eXd`^\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Xlj [\d \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e D\e 8YY% - % Jk\c$ c\eJ`\]i[`\Ifk$le[9cXlke\[`\Jkk`$ ^le^a\n\`cjXl]"(''8YY% .l%/ % +
/
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
-
.
,
((/
A\kqk n`i[ \j @_e\e c\`Z_k\i ]Xcc\e# [\e 9Xldd`k_`c]\[\i=XiYY\i\`Z_j$8ljnX_c Xljqln_c\e% EXm`^`\i\e J`\ ql [\d \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e 8YY% 0 le[n_c\eXlZ__`\iql\ijk[`\Ifkke\ Xlj8YY% (' % N\eeJ`\Xl]FBbc`Zb\e#j\_\eJ`\[`\le$ m\id\`[c`Z_\e8d\`j\e`d9`c[8YY% (( % Jg\`Z_\ie J`\ [`\ 8ljnX_c d`k [\d \ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$ D\e#XcjBXeXc$EXd\ekiX^\eJ`\9Xld \`e8YY% () % JZ_Xl\eJ`\\`edXc`e[\iBXec\$GXc\kk\ eXZ_ Æ [fik ]`e[\e J`\ @_i\ 8ljnX_c Xcj >iXljkl]\eY`c[ Xd lek\i\e <e[\ [\i C`j$ k\% N\ee J`\ Xl] [\e <`ekiX^ `e [\i GX$ c\kk\bc`Zb\e#Y\bfdd\eJ`\\jXe^\q\`^k 8YY% (* % N`\ J`\ j\_\e# j`e[ [`\ Xlj^\n_ck\e K\`c\jZ_nXiqYqn%^iXl#[\ie`Z_kXlj^\$ n_ck\K\`c`jkn\`%N`\J`\\Y\e]Xccj\i$ b\ee\ebee\e#`jk[`\8ljnX_c[\j9Xl$ d\jf]]\ej`Z_kc`Z_efZ_e`Z_kmfccjke[`^ Æ[\i9XldjZ_\`ekXljd\_iXcjeli[\e Ifkke\e [\j 8ljnX_cn\ibq\l^\j ql Y\$ jk\_\e%
0
((
('
()
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
((0
(*
;X J`\ [`\j\e BXeXc jgk\i [Xql m\i$ n\e[\e nfcc\e# `_e Xcj 8ljnX_c qliZb `ej 9`c[ ql cX[\e# ld [\e ?`ek\i^ile[ cjZ_\eqlbee\e#djj\eJ`\efZ_\`e n\e`^d\_i8iY\`k`e[`\8ljnX_c`em\j$ k`\i\e% 8bk`m`\i\eJ`\#Y\mfiJ`\qld9`c[qliZb$ b b\_i\e#[`\ I>9$BXec\[\iBXeXc 9Xld jfcck\n`\[\iXlj^\Yc\e[\kj\`e %<ji\`Z_k [Xql#n\eeJ`\Xl][\e<`ekiX^[\j I>9$ BXeXcjbc`Zb\e8YY% (+ % N\Z_j\ce J`\ n`\[\i qliZb `e [`\ \cY$ ke\ Xlj 8YY% (, % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ jg\`Z_\ie [`\j\ 8ljnX_c \Y\e]Xccj Æ Xcc\i[`e^j e`Z_k Xcj e\l\e BXeXc# jfe$ [\ieXcj8[[`k`feqliY\i\`kjY\jk\_\e[\e 8ljnX_c% ;Xql n_c\e J`\ `d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i 8ljnX_c jg\`Z_\ie [\e jZ_fe \o`jk`\i\e$ [\e BXeXc 9Xld Xlj le[ Xbk`m`\i\e `d lek\i\eK\`c[`\Fgk`fe ;\dBXeXc_`eql$ ]^\e8YY% (- % (+
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
(-
(,
()'
Bfekifcc`\i\eJ`\[Xj
(.
(/
(0
QliJ`Z_\i_\`kn_c\eJ`\a\kqkXY\iefZ_ \`e Y`jjZ_\e d\_i Xlj Æ m\i^\jj\e J`\ e`Z_k# n`\[\i [`\ I>9$BXec\ ql Xbk`m`\$ i\e#le[m\in\e[\eJ`\[`\=XiYY\i\`Z_j$ 8ljnX_c\`e[i`kk\jDXc% ;`\jdXc n_c\e J`\ Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$ D\e[\j<`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\ij[`\Fgk`fe 8l]^\efdd\e\ =XiY\e 8YY% (. le[ bc`$ Zb\ed`k^\[iZbk\iJ_`]k$KXjk\jff]kXl] [\d 9Xld _\ild# Y`j J`\ Y\`d 8eYc`Zb [\jMfijZ_XlY`c[j[Xj>\]_c_XY\e#`_e mfccjke[`^\i]Xjjkql_XY\e% 8e[\ij Xcj `e 8YY% (. ^\q\`^k# jfcck\e J`\ [Xql [`\ Fgk`fe 8ljnX_c Xe^\bc`Zbk _X$ Y\e lek\i [\d MfijZ_XlY`c[ # [Xee j\$ _\eJ`\[XjiX]`bXe^\q\`^k% N\ee J`\ m\ij\_\ekc`Z_ K\`c\ [\j ?`e$ k\i^ile[j Xlj^\n_ck _XY\e jfcck\e# bc`$ Zb\e J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\ `e [\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_# [Xee n`i[ [`\ Y\ijZ_jj`^\ 8ljnX_c n`\[\i XY$ ^\qf^\e% 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB le[jg\`Z_\ieJ`\ XlZ_ [`\j\ 8ljnX_c# `e[\d J`\ j`\ [\d BXeXc9Xld_`eql]^\e8YY% (/ % JZ_Xl\e J`\ j`Z_ [\e BXeXc a\kqk efZ_ \`edXc Xe# [\i 9Xld `jk `e j\`e\e [`Zb\$ i\e 9\i\`Z_\e jZ_fe ]Xjk mfccjke[`^ jZ_nXiq8YY% (0 % ;X J`\ ]i [Xj jgk\i\ CjZ_\e [\j ?`e$ k\i^ile[j\`e\i\`e\JZ_nXiq$N\`$DXj$ b\ Y\ek`^\e# bee\e J`\ a\kqk Xcc\ K\`c\ )'
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
()(
]iY\e% >i\`]\e J`\ qld QXlY\ijkXY$ N\ibq\l^ 8YY% )' 2 [`\ Kfc\iXeq jfcck\ Xl](jk\_\e#[`\Fgk`fe 9\eXZ_YXike`Z_k Xbk`m`\ikj\`e% Bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xee `i^\e[nf `e [\e n\`$ \e 9\i\`Z_ [\j BXeXcj le[ `em\ik`\i\e [`\8ljnX_c8ljnX_c$ 8ljnX_cldb\_$ i\e#8YY% )( %;iZb\eJ`\ J_`]k$9XZbjgXZ\# ldqld=cZ_\]cc\e$;`Xcf^ql^\cXe^\e 8YY% )) Æ m\in\e[\e J`\ JZ_nXiq# le[ Y\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB%
)(
;Xj [ee\ Qn\`^n\ib# [Xj efZ_ ql ^if$ \e K\`c\e `e [\i 8ljnX_c ]\_ck# n\i[\e n`i lej jgk\i `d BXg`k\c d`k_`c]\ \`e\j Xe[\i\e N\ibq\l^j _fc\e Æ qleZ_jk XY\in\i[\en`ilej[XildY\d_\e#[`\ mfi_Xe[\e\8ljnX_cqlm\imfccjke[`^\e% ;Xql n\i[\e n`i \`e\e bc\`e\e Ldn\^ \`ejZ_cX^\e# `e[\d n`i [\e BXeXc Xcj 8ljnX_c `ej 9`c[ cX[\e# [fik `d DXjb\e$ df[lj mfi [\d Fi`^`eXcY`c[ bfii`^`\i\e le[ `_e [Xee qliZbjg\`Z_\ie% 8Y\i [\i I\`_\eXZ_1
))
),
8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\ I>9$BXec\ le[ Y\$ XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj[\i 9Xld$BXeXcn`\[\i Xlj^\Yc\e[\k`jk% CX[\e J`\ [\e 9Xld$BXeXc Xcj 8lj$ nX_c `ej 9`c[ 8ljnX_c $ 8ljnX_c cX[\e# 8YY% )*le[)+ le[[iZb\eJ`\[`\KXjk\ H# ld [`\ 8ljnX_c Xcj DXjb\ ql j\_\e 8YY% ), Æ [\i e`Z_k Xlj^\n_ck\ K\`c `jk ifk \`e^\]iYk# le[ n`\ J`\ j\_\e be$ e\e# j`e[ [Xmfe XlZ_ K\`c\ [\j 9Xld\j Y\kif]]\e% )*
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
)+
())
).
J`\ n\i[\e [`\j\ DXjb\ a\kqk d`k DXc$ n\ibq\l^\eY\XiY\`k\e% E\_d\e J`\ [Xql [Xj G`ej\c$N\ibq\l^ 8YY% )- le[ jfi^\e J`\ [X]i# [Xjj Mfi$ [\i$ le[ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ JZ_nXiq Yqn% N\`j`e[8YY% ). %;iZb\eJ`\[Xqlqli J`Z_\i_\`k[`\KXjk\;%
)-
J`\ jfcck\e ele d`k [\d G`ej\c [`\ ifk\ DXjb\[fikÙn\^dXc\eÈ#nfj`\`ee\i_XcY [\j 9XldY\i\`Z_j ql j\_\e `jk Æ [Xql dljj [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ N\` j\`e2 nf J`\ qlm`\c DXjb\e]XiY\ \ek]\iek _X$ Y\e#kiX^\eJ`\j`\n`\[\iXl]#[Xqldljj [`\Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\JZ_nXiqj\`e% 9\jZ_ieb\eJ`\j`Z_Xl][\e9XldjkXdd le[j\`e\[`Zb\i\evjk\Æld[Xj]\`e\i\ Qn\`^n\ibbdd\ieJ`\j`Z_jgk\i% Ld Xl] [`\j\ N\`j\ [\e G`ej\c XYn\Z_$ j\ce[ Xcj DXcn\ibq\l^ le[ IX[`\i\i Y\elkq\e ql bee\e# djj\e J`\ eli d`k_`c]\ [\i KXjk\ O Mfi[\i$ le[ ?`ek\i$ ^ile[]XiY\ kXljZ_\e# J`\ YiXlZ_\e Xcjf e`Z_k[XjN\ibq\l^qln\Z_j\ce%
)/
)0
EfZ_ \`e giXbk`jZ_\i ?`en\`j1 [X J`\ `d CXl] [\i 8iY\`k jke[`^ [\e IX[`lj @_$ i\j G`ej\cj m\i^i\ie f[\i m\ibc\`e\ie djj\e#jfcck\eJ`\[Xqle`Z_k[\eJZ_`\$ Y\i\^c\i`e[\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\m\in\e$ [\e Æ [Xj `jk m`\c ql ldjke[c`Z_ Æ jfe$ [\ie@_i\Bliqn\^kXjk\ej%BXg% ') % J`\\i`ee\iej`Z_#[XjjJ`\XlZ_[\en\`$ Z_\eIXe[[\iN\ibq\l^jg`kq\Xl][`\j\ N\`j\ m\ie[\ie bee\e# `Z_ \dg]\_c\ @_e\e# d`k \`e\d ^Xeq _Xik\e IXe[ ql
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
()*
*'
XiY\`k\eXlZ_[XqljZ_Xl\eJ`\Y`kk\`d BXg% ')eXZ_#8YY% )/ % M\i^\jj\e J`\ Y\` @_i\i 8iY\`k XlZ_ Xl] b\`e\e =Xcc# [Xjj J`\ j`Z_ d`k JKI>$C\\i$ kXjk\ `e [Xj 9`c[ _`e\`e$# d`k JKI>$8ck$ C\\ikXjk\_`eXljqffd\e#le[[Xj9`c[d`k ^\[iZbk\iC\\ikXjk\`d=\ejk\im\ijZ_`\$ Y\ebee\e%
*(
Yc`\Y\e\8ljnX_c$JZ_c\`\i8YY% *) % <ek]\ie\e J`\ j`\ \`e]XZ_ d`k @_i\d G`ej\c# `e[\d J`\ Xe [\e bi`k`jZ_\e Jk\cc\eN\`Xl]kiX^\e% EXZ_[\dJ`\XlZ_[`\j\j\ic\[`^k_X$ Y\e#jfcck\@_i9Xld$BXeXc`e\knXjf Xljj\_\en`\`e8YY`c[le^**%
N_i\e[ @_i\i I\gXiXkliXiY\`k\e Xe [\i DXjb\ Yc\e[\e J`\ XlZ_ il_`^ mfe Q\`k qlQ\`kd`k H[`\8ljnX_cXd\`j\e\`e#ld [\e =fikjZ_i`kk ql Y\igi]\e% N\ee J`\ ]\ik`^ j`e[# jfcck\ [Xj >Xeq\ `e \knX jf Xljj\_\en`\`e8YY`c[le^)0% **
NXe[\ce J`\ [`\ DXjb\ [liZ_ ;iZb\e mfe H n`\[\i `e \`e\ jZ_n\Y\e[\ 8lj$ nX_cldle[n_c\eJ`\[\e9\]\_c 8lj$ nX_cjg\`Z_\ie8ljnX_c$D\e#8YY% *' % 8lZ_ [`\jdXc X[[`\i\e J`\ j`\ qld Y\$ i\`kj\o`jk`\i\e[\e 9Xld$BXeXc8YY% *( % JZ_Xl\e J`\ j`Z_ a\kqk [\e BXeXc efZ_ \`edXc^\eXlXeÆnX_ijZ_\`ec`Z_^`Yk\j Y\` @_e\e# n`\ Y\` d`i# \`e gXXi Yi`^^\$
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
*)
()+
Ele ql [\e [ee\e Qn\`^c\`e Æ j`\ Xl] [`\ ^c\`Z_\ N\`j\ n`\ [\e JkXdd le[ [`\ [`Zb\e vjk\ Xljqln_c\e# ni\ \`e\ \Z_k\ J`jpg_fj$8iY\`k# le[ [X [`\ [e$ e\eQn\`^\Xem`\c\eJk\cc\e[`\^c\`Z_\ =XiY\n`\[\i?`dd\c_XY\e#]lebk`fe`\ik [`\ =XiYXljnX_c XlZ_ ^Xi e`Z_k% ;\jn\$ ^\e ^i\`]\e n`i _`\i ql \`e\d Xe[\i\e M\i]X_i\e Æ \j ^`Yk \`e\e =`ck\i# [\i `e q`\dc`Z_ \oXbk\i N\`j\ Bfekli\e m\i$ jkib\e le[ [XY\` [`\ =XiY]cZ_\e jkXib m\i]cXZ_\e bXee# [\e jf^\eXeek\e ?fZ_$ gXjj% N\ee J`\ [Xj 9`c[ Xl] [`\j\ N\`j\ Y\Xi$ Y\`k\e# bee\e J`\ [\e ?`ek\i^ile[ d`k$ _`c]\ \`e\j
*+
*,
*-
M\i^\jj\e J`\ e`Z_k# `e [\i BXec\$GXc\k$ k\ n`\[\i [`\ I>9$BXec\ ql Xbk`m`\i\e [liZ_ Bc`Zb\e Xl] [\e I>9$BXeXc le[ Y\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj [\i 9Xld$BXeXc Xlj$ ^\Yc\e[\k`jk% N\Z_j\ceJ`\qliZb`e[`\$<% ;Xd`k \iq\l^\e J`\ \`e\ e\l\ $< % J`\ YiXlZ_\e [`\j\ Bfg`\# ld [\e ?fZ_$ gXjj$=`ck\iXeqln\e[\e#[\iaXeliD`kk\c qldQn\Zb`jkle[d`k[\djgk\i\e9`c[ e`Z_kjqlkle_Xk% NXe[\ceJ`\[`\e\l\i\`]\e J`\ j`Z_ [Xee Xlj [\e Jfejk`$ ^\e =`ck\ie [\e ?fZ_gXjj =`ck\i$D\e# 8YY% *- %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(),
*/
9\jk`dd\eJ`\`d<`ejk\ccle^j]\c[\`e\e G`o\c$IX[`lj mfe , Æ n`\ J`\ `e [\i Mfi$ jZ_Xlj\_\ebee\e#_\Y\ej`Z_a\kqk[`\ Qn\`^\ j\_i jZ_e mfd ?`ek\i^ile[ XY 8YY% *. % Ld [`\ =XiYjld\ ql \ek]\ie\e# gcXkq`\$ i\e J`\ Y\i [\i ?fZ_gXjj$
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
*.
()-
+(
J`\ qljkqc`Z_ \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli \`e 8YY% +' Æ `d <`ejk\ccle^j]\c[ jk\cc\e J`\ [\e c`eb\e I\^c\i [\j ?`jkf^iXddj Xl] [\e N\ik /'# [\e i\Z_k\e Xl] (., 8YY% +( % +'
+*
+)
Jfi^\e J`\ [X]i# [Xjj eli @_i\ JdXik$ $<# ld XlZ_ Xlj [`\j\e \`e\ >\jXdkbfg`\ ql \iq\l^\e# `e [\i J`\ [Xee [\e _\cc\i\e ?`ek\i^ile[ XljYc\e[\e bee\e
++
Yc\e[\eJ`\Xcc\Xe[\i\e# 94 ),,#8YY% ++ %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
().
+,
Bc`Zb\eJ`\a\kqk[fgg\ckXl]@_i\fY\ijk\
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
+.
+-
()/
+0
M\in\e[\e J`\ [Xql n`\[\i [Xj G`ej\c$ N\ibq\l^d`k[\iMfi[\i^ile[]XiY\N\` 8YY% +/ $ n\ee J`\ ]\ik`^ j`e[# jfcck\ @_i\
+/
,'
,(
;iZb\e J`\ J_`]k$9XZbjgXZ\# ld qld <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i]i[\e9\]\_c=cZ_\ ]cc\eql^\cXe^\ele[n_c\eJ`\]i[`\ M\in\e[le^ JZ_nXiq Xlj 8YY% ,) % 9\$ jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB% A\kqk m\i]^\e J`\ Y\i qn\` JZ_nXiq$ N\`$9`c[\i# [`\ @_i\e 9Xld jZ_nXiq mfi n\`\d ?`ek\i^ile[ q\`^\e Æ \`ej
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
()0
`d 9Xld$BXeXc#[Xj[\eJkXddle[[`\ [`Zb\i\evjk\#le[\`ej`e=fid@_i\ijf$ \Y\e]\ik`^^\jk\cck\e$8 8cc\j Xljn_c\e le[ JKI>$: Bfg`\i\e % 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ n`\[\i [`\ I>9$BXec\ le[ Y\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj [\i 9Xld$BXeXcXlj^\Yc\e[\k`jk8YY% ,+ % @e [\i $M ]i <`e]^\e Æ [`\ JZ_nXiq$N\`$>iX]`b [\j 9XldbXeXcj n`i[ Xcj
,)
,*
,+
,,
,-
Jk\cc\eJ`\[\e9c\e[$Df[lj[\ifY\i\e iX]`b\eqljXdd\eqlj\_\e 8YY% ,. Æ`jk\je`Z_k_YjZ_^\nfi[\e6 ,.
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
(*'
ql \`e\i qljXdd\e]Xjj\e Æ jfi^\e J`\ [X]i# [Xjj eli [`\ qn\` \`e^\Yc\e[\k j`e[le[n_c\eJ`\efZ_\`edXc[\e9\$ ]\_cJ`Z_kYXi\Xl]\`e\$8le[JKI>$:#ld[\e $ M\`e% ;\i BXeXc `jk a\kqk ]\ik`^ le[ bXee Xcj 8ljnX_cdXjb\ _\iXe^\qf^\e n\i[\e 8YY% ,0 % ,/
,0
-'
9c\e[\e J`\ `_e Xlj le[ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ n`\[\i[`\I>9$BXec\% @e [\i ilgg\qljXdd\ed`k[\d9\]\_cE\l\ >ilgg\ Xlj
-(
-)
-*
>\Y\e J`\ [\i >ilgg\ [\e EXd\e ?fZ_$ gXjjle[Yc\e[\eJ`\j`\XljÆ\`^\ekc`Z_ YiXlZ_\e J`\ [`\j\ [i\`
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(*(
>ilgg\qljXdd\e#[`\J`\d\`e\kn\^\e Ifk9cXl e\ee\e le[ \Y\e]Xccj XljYc\e$ [\e8YY% -)l%-* % A\kqkXY\iqld<`^\ekc`Z_\eÆ@_i9`c[_Xk aX `dd\i efZ_ [\e ?`ek\i^ile[# [\e J`\ [fZ_[`\^Xeq\Q\`kcjZ_\enfcck\ele[ nfql J`\ \`e\ jf Xl]ne[`^\ DXjb\ \i$ q\l^k_XY\e% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\ 9`c[\Y\e\ d`k [\d EXd\e ?`ek\i^ile[ Bfg`\# [`\ ?`ek\i$ ^ile[\Y\e\ Yc\e[\e J`\ Xlj 8YY% -* % CX[\e J`\ @_i\e 9Xld$BXeXc Xcj 8lj$ nX_c 8YY% -+ # `d <`ejk\ccle^j]\c[ j\k$ q\e J`\ XY\i \`e ?bZ_\e ]i [`\ Fgk`fe -+
--
Ldb\_i\e8YY% -,2jZ_c`\c`Z_nfcc\eJ`\ [\e ?`ek\i^ile[ cjZ_\e le[ e`Z_k [\e 9Xld % ;iZb\e J`\ \`e\ @_i\i CjZ_kXjk\e# ld [\e ?`ek\i^ile[ cfjqln\i[\e% Qffd\e J`\ j`Z_ [Xee Xe [Xj Qn\`^n\ib _\iXe# [Xj J`\ d`k [\d ?fZ_gXjj$=`ck\i \okiX$ _`\ik _XY\e Æ n`\ jZ_fe ]i_\i Y\d\ibk# _Xk [`\j ql n\`k\e K\`c\e [`\ YcXl\ =Xi$ Y\ [\j ?`dd\cj 8YY% -- % ;`\j\j DXebf bee\eJ`\efZ_Y\_\Y\e% J\kq\eJ`\Y\i[\i9`c[\Y\e\\`e\ =XiY$ kfe&Jkk`^le^j$
BXg`k\c'-×=i\`jk\cc\ed`k[\d8cg_XbXeXc
-.
-,
(*)
9cXlke\ Xlj le[ i\^\ce [X]i [`\ Jk$ k`^le^ _\ilek\i Xl] $('' 8YY% -/ # [Xee n`\[\i_fc\e J`\ [Xj >Xeq\ ]i [`\ :pXe$ ke\8YY% -0 %A\kqkj`e[[`\[ee\eQn\`$ ^\\ek]iYk#Xcjf^iXlÆ[Xd`kbee\eJ`\ ^lkc\Y\e% J\kq\eJ`\a\kqkefZ_lek\i[\i9`c[\Y\e\ \`e\n\`\=XiY\Y\e\\`eÆXbk`m`\i\eJ`\ [Xql[`\?`ek\i^ile[$
-/
.'
-0
.(
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(**
.)
Yc\e[\kj`e[8YY% .( #le[^\e`\\e[\e 8eYc`Zb @_i\j ]i\`^\jk\cck\e 9Xlddfk`mj 8YY% .) %9\[\eb\eJ`\#[Xjj\jj`Z_ld \`e 9`c[ d`k i\cXk`m ^\i`e^\i 8l]cjle^ .*
_Xe[\ckÆ[Xj\ibcik[`\g`o\c`^\Jkilbkli [\i;\kX`cj`d9`c[% ;Xj 9Xlddfk`m cjjk j`Z_ ele c\`Z_k ]i DfekX^\e\`ej\kq\e8YY% .* %
(*+
'.
:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j @e[`\j\dBXg`k\cn\i[\eJ`\\`e\:88;$ >iX]`b `e G_fkfj_fg Y\XiY\`k\e Æ [XY\` n\i[\eJ`\efZ_\`edXcm`\c\=\Xkli\jm\i$
n\e[\e#[`\G_fkfj_fg]i[`\j\eQn\Zb Y\i\`k_ck1 <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e# DXjb\e# =`ck\i#
(*,
*
\`e\ =ifekXcg\ijg\bk`m\ `d Mfcbjdle[ XlZ_ ($=clZ_kglebk$G\ijg\bk`m\ ^\eXeek le[ qnXi \`e\e 9c`Zb Xlj [\d Lek\i^\$ jZ_fjj[\iE\l\eEXk`feXc^Xc\i`\`e9\i$ c`e^\^\e[`\;\Zb\% ;\i
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)
k\e le[ Y\ij`Z_kc`Z_\e 9$ N\ik\Xl]),,jk\cc\e8YY% * % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ jZ_`\Y\e J`\ [`\=XiY\Y\e\^XeqeXZ_lek\e8YY% + %
+
(*-
Ele bdd\ie J`\ eXZ_\`eXe[\i ld [`\ \`eq\ce\e 9`c[Y\jkXe[k\`c\ Æ jk\cc\e J`\ j`Z_ @_i\ 9`c[bfdgfj`k`fe Xcj \`e\ I\`_\ mfe Blc`jj\e mfi# [`\ J`\ j`Z_ \`e\ eXZ_ [\i Xe[\i\e mfie\_d\e le[ [\e\e J`\ \`e\e \knXj i\Xc\i\e# ildc`Z_\e Cffb ^\Y\e% Ql\ijk `jk [\i Mfi[\i^ile[ [iXe Æ bc`Zb\e J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$KXjk\ Xl] [Xj 8l^\e$@Zfe [\i iXljkl]\edf[lj Xec\^\e# [Xd`k \j e`Z_k jf m`\c Jg\`Z_\i$ gcXkqYiXlZ_kle[[Xd`k[`\Jkilbkli#[`\ J`\ Xec\^\e# eXZ_ [\d <`e]^\e `e @_i 9`c[e`Z_kXccql^ifYn`ibk#n_c\eJ`\]i @_i\ e\l\ ;Xk\` [`\ [fgg\ck\ >i\% <`e ,
-
G_fk G_ fkkfj fj_ffg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(*.
.
9c`Zb`e[Xj=\ejk\i 9`c[^i\@_i\i9`c[$ [Xk\`JKI>$8ck$@ q\`^k#[Xjj@_i9`c[ ,0#+ o +)#')Zd^if`jk8YY% / % N_c\e J`\ Xcjf Xlj [\d ;Xk\`$D\e [\e 9\]\_c E\l 8YY% 0 le[ jk\cc\e ]i [Xj e\l\ ;fbld\ek [`\ >i\ ()' o /+ Zd#[`\ 8l]cjle^*''[g`le[[\e >iXl$ jkl]\e$Df[lj\`e8YY% (' % ;Xje\l\;fbld\ekjk\_k@_e\ea\kqkqli M\i]^le^# ld d`k_`c]\ mfe G_fkfj_fgj N\ibq\l^\e\`e\D\kXccfY\i]cZ_\ql^\$ jkXck\e#[`\[\ii\Xc\e_ec`Z_j`\_k%Jg\`$ Z_\ie J`\ \j Xcj G_fkfj_fg$;Xk\` lek\i [\dEXd\ee^Vd\kXcc%gj[%
/
('
=iY\e J`\ qleZ_jk [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[$
()
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
0
(*/
?`ek\i^ile[$
Ld @_i e\l\j 9`c[ d`k [\d ;\kX`cXlj$ jZ_e`kk [\i i\Xc\e J`klXk`fe m\i^c\`Z_\e ql bee\e# n_c\e J`\ qleZ_jk [\e JkXe[Xi[df[lj Xlj [\d 8ej`Z_k$D\e 8YY% (+2Xck\ieXk`mbee\eJ`\XlZ_jff]k = [iZb\e# Y`j J`\ [`\ m\ikiXlk\ =\ejk\i$ ;Xijk\ccle^ j\_\e % Qffd\e J`\ [Xj 9`c[ [Xee Xl] ,' ;Xijk\ccle^j^i\ ;i$ Zb\e J`\ ql\ijk 8ck$JKI>$'# j% X% 8YY% (,# le[ [Xee qn\` DXc JKI>$Æ2 [`\ Gifq\ek$ Xe^XY\bee\eJ`\`d=\ejk\ik`k\c\ib\e$ e\e#j%8YY% (- %
(+
(-
(.
N\Z_j\ceJ`\ql@_i\d9`c[e^V[\kX`cVd\$ kXcc(%gj[ le[qffd\eJ`\[`\j\jXl]('' ;Xijk\ccle^j^i\8ck$JKI>$'#j% f% %8cc\ Xe[\i\e f]]\e\e ;Xk\`\e jZ_c`\\e J`\ eXkic`Z_ Y`j Xl] @_i\ e\l\ ;Xk\` le[ n_c\e [Xee Xlj [\d =\ejk\i$D\e [\e 9\]\_c 8efi[e\e Æ E\Y\e\`eXe[\i (,
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(*0
(/
8YY% (. % 9\`[\ 9`c[\i# jfnf_c [Xj i\X$ c\ =fkf Xcj XlZ_ @_i e\l\j Blejkgif[lbk# bee\e ele# [X j`\ e\Y\e\`eXe[\i jk\$ _\e#`dQl^\[\i9\XiY\`kle^^lkd`k\`e$ Xe[\im\i^c`Z_\en\i[\eÆ@_ie\l\j9`c[ `jkqleZ_jk[fgg\ckjf^ifXe^\c\^kn`\ jgk\i ek`^# [\j_XcY [`\ ;Xijk\ccle^ `e ,' 8YY% (/2 J`\ n\i[\e j\_\e# [Xjj [`\j\j ^if\ =fidXk j`Z_ Xlj [\i JbXc`\$ ile^[\i=`ck\i\i^`Yk#[`\J`\ele\`ej\k$ q\en\i[\e % )'
9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj@_i\e\l\;Xk\`mfie\ `jkle[J`\j`Z_`e@_i\i\Y\eXe^\c\^k\e JdXik$XljZ_\ EfidXcm\ik\`cle^8YY% )' % )(
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(0
(+'
9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFBÆ@_i=`ck\i`jka\kqk`e [\i
)*
)+
G_ G_fk G_f G_fkfj_f _f ffj_f j_f j_fg __fg gg `ee [\ii 8iZ_ iZ_` Z_` _ k\bkli^i k\\\bbbkkli^i k\bk k\b li^ i X]`b i^i i^ X]`]]`b ]```bb
(+(
=\ejk\iÆjk\cc\eJ`\_`\i]i ;\kX`c('le[ >ckkle^[\eN\ik ,\`eÆ[Xj C`Z_kjfcck\ mfe Lek\e i\Z_kj bfdd\e 8YY% )* % 9\$ jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ m\i^c\`Z_\e J`\ [`\Y\`[\e9`c[\i8YY% )+ % Ld[Xj>Xeq\\knXjql^ckk\e#m\in\e$ [\e J`\ [\e I\c`\]$=`ck\i =`ck\i Æ Jk`c`j`\$ ile^j]`ck\i# i 8YY% ), % Jk\cc\e J`\ _`\i ]fc$ ^\e[\ N\ik\ \`e1 N`eb\c $+,# ?_\ .' G`o\c# Jkib\ ),# 8YY% )- % 9\jkk`^\e J`\d`k FBle[m\i^c\`Z_\eJ`\efZ_\`e$ dXcY\`[\9`c[\i8YY% ). % ;`\ Jkilbkli `jk qleZ_jk \`edXc i\Z_k _ec`Z_ ^\nfi[\e2 a\kqk n\i[\e J`\ [Xj >Xeq\ \knXj [lebc\i dXZ_\e Æ m\in\e$ [\eJ`\[Xql[`\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli#eXki i $ c`Z_ Xcj <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\% N_c\e J`\ [`\j\Xlj[\d\ekjgi\Z_\e[\eD\e[\i
).
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)/
),
)-
(+)
kli%gj[ le[ jk\cc\e J`\ [`\ ;Xijk\ccle^j$ ^i\d`k8ck$JKI>$'Xl](''8YY% *' %
)0
$ ^iXdd Xl] ' $ '#), Æ )'' 8YY% )0 2 n`\ J`\ j\_\e# j`\_k [Xj bejkc`Z_\ [\d i\$ Xc\e9`c[jZ_fei\Z_k_ec`Z_%9\jkk`^\e J`\d`kFB%
*'
Elejfcck\eJ`\[`\i\^\cd`^\Jkilbkli @_i\iY`j_\i`^\e=`ck\iY\icX^\ile^efZ_ d`k \`e\i lei\^\cd`^\e K\okli df[l$ c`\i\e# [`\ J`\ Xlj Ù\Z_k\eÈ# e`Z_k dX$ k_\dXk`jZ_^\e\i`\ik\e9`c[\ieY\q`\_\e Æ [X ^`Yk \j `e @_i\d ;fnecfX[$Fi[e\i qld \`e\e \`e Nfcb\eY`c[# qld Xe[\i\e [\e JZXe \`e\j BXikfej# n`\ J`\ `_e Xcj IZbj\`k\\`e\jJZ_i\`YYcfZbjb\ee\e% {]]e\eJ`\qleZ_jk[`\j\j9`c[e^Vjkilb$
*(
;Xd`k J`\ [`\j\j 9`c[ i`Z_k`^ `e @_i\d Y`j_\i`^\e :fdgfj`e^ \`ej\kq\e be$ e\e#jfcck\[\i?`ek\i^ile[@_i\iJkilbkli \ekn\[\i n\` j\`e [Xee beek\e J`\ \j jgk\i `d
*+
*)
**
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(+*
*-
*,
Jk\cc\eJ`\[`\N\ik\Xl] .,Æ '#('Æ )'' le[J`\j\_\e#n`\j`Z_Xcc\jeXZ_@_i\e Mfijk\ccle^\ee[\ik8YY% *+ %9\jkk`^\e J`\d`k FB% M\ibc\`e\ie le[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ [Xj =\ejk\i# jf[Xjj J`\ XlZ_ @_i\ j\cYjk$ ^\YXlk\ ;Xk\` mfe \Y\e n`\[\i j\_\e e^Vd\kXcc%gj[ % @dd\i efZ_ `e [\i ;Xk\` e^Vjkilbkli%gj[# n\i[\eJ`\ql\ijkXcc\@_i\ilgg\ Xlj
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*.
*0
*/
(++
+'
+(
J`\ Y\]`e[\e j`Z_ a\kqk n`\[\i `e @_i\d j\cYjkbfdgfe`\ik\e 9`c[ e^Vd\kXcc%gj[% ;iZb\eJ`\qn\`dXc=#ld\j`d = MfccY`c[$ df[lj ql j\_\e# le[ [Xee JKI>$'# ld \`e\e |Y\iYc`Zb ql ^\n`ee\e% N`\ J`\ j\_\e#`jk@_i\`dgfik`\ik\$K# K ld \j ql jbXc`\i\e Æ q`\_\e J`\ +)
+*
++
\j \`e]XZ_ Xe j\`e\e $' le[ J`\ j\_\e @_i\ e\l _`eql^\bfdd\e\e =c\Zb\e 8YY% +* % J`Z_\iele[jZ_c`\\eJ`\a\kqk[`\;Xk\` e^Vjkilbkli%gj[% Ele nfcc\e n`i efZ_ \`e\ n\`k\i\ Jkilb$ b kliY\ilej\i:fdgfj`e^c\^\e#[`\n`i lejXlj\`e\dNfcb\eY`c[\ijk\cc\e% {]]e\e J`\ [`\ ;Xk\` e^Vnfcb\eV`ek\ie\k% ag^ j`\ jkXddk mfe [\i N\Yj\`k\ nnn% nfcb\eXkcXj%[\#8YY% ++ % ;`\j\ Y\jZ_e\`[\e J`\ Xl] [Xj DX +) o )0#. Zd le[ n_c\e [XY\` \`e\e 8lj$ jZ_e`kk#[\i\`ei\cXk`m^c\`Z_d`^\j9`c[ q\`^k% N_c\e J`\ [Xj =i\`jk\ccle^j$N\ibq\l^ +,
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(+,
+-
KXjk\:#8YY% +, le[jk\cc\eJ`\fY\e`e [\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\[`\Q`\cdX\+)Zd 9i\`k\ #)0#.Zd?_\ le[*''[g`8l]$ cjle^ \`e8YY% +-2[`\ Zd kiX^\eJ`\qli J`Z_\i_\`k\`e#[XJ`\a\kqkm`\cc\`Z_ke`Z_k Xljn\e[`^ n`jj\e# n\cZ_\ C`e\Xc\`e_\`$ k\e ^\iX[\ `e G_fkfj_fgj Mfi\`ejk\ccle$ ^\e]\jk^\c\^kj`e[ % Q`\_\e J`\ [Xee [\e ^\nejZ_k\e IX_$ d\e Xl] Æ [`\j\e bee\e J`\ jfcXe^\ m\ijZ_`\Y\e f[\i jbXc`\i\e# Y`j \i @_e\e i`Z_k`^ mfibfddk 8YY% +.2 `Z_ _XY\ m\i$ jlZ_k# [\e K\`c Xljqln_c\e# [\i \`e i\$ cXk`m ^c\`Z_d`^ _\cc\j Nfcb\edljk\i q\`^k % N\eeJ`\ql]i`\[\ej`e[#bc`Zb\eJ`\[fg$ g\ck`e[\eIX_d\ef[\i[iZb\eJ`\ I\$ klie Yqn% <ek\i% i ;Xj 9`c[ q\`^k a\kqk [\e mfe@_e\e^\n_ck\e8ljjZ_e`kk#d`k[\e mfe@_e\e]\jk^\c\^k\eDX\e8YY% +/ Æ [Xd`k`jk\j^\eXljf^ifn`\\Y\e[Xj 9`c[d`k[\iGXggjkilbkli% +0
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
J`\Y\ek`^\e[XjXbkl\cc\9`c[#ld\jd`k [\imfe@_e\e\ijk\cck\eD\kXccjkilbkliql Y\icX^\ie# \Y\ejf n`\ [Xj \Y\e Y\Xi$ Y\`k\k\ BXikfe$9`c[% ;X_\i jfcck\e J`\ \j `e JZ_nXiq$N\` ldnXe[\ce Æ n_c\e J`\ [Xql [`\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ d`k [\d EXd\e JZ_nXiqn\` 8YY% +0 le[ m\i$ q`Z_k\e `e [\d ;`Xcf^]\c[ Xl] \`e\ =`ck\i$ Mfi^XY\F_e\#8YY% ,' % +.
,'
+/
(+-
,)
,(
jlYk`c Xcj [iXdXk`jZ_ Xlj]cck# _\cc\e J`\ [Xj 9`c[ jkXib Xl]# \i__\e [Xql XY\i XlZ_[\eBfekiXjk% N_c\e J`\ \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`e$ jk\ccle^j\Y\e\ 8YY% ,( le[ jk\cc\e [`\ N\ik\ -'$ .#''Æ )),\`e8YY% ,) % ;`\[lebc\Jk\cc\fY\ei\Z_kji\gXi`\i\e J`\d`k[\d Jk\dg\cn\ibq\l^%;Xd`kJ`\ ,*
@_iFi`^`eXce`Z_km\i]cjZ_\e#kleJ`\[Xj `e\`e\iBfg`\#XdY\jk\e`e\`e\i#[`\[Xj I\jlckXk @_i\i Y`j_\i mfi^\efdd\e\e Bfii\bkli\eq\`^k% 8Z_k\e J`\ [Xql [XiXl]# [Xjj [`\ fY\ij$ k\ $<% J`\ \i_Xck\e \`e\ m`\ik\
,+
,,
Ele ]Xjj\e J`\ XlZ_ `e [`\j\d 9`c[ Xcc\ ilgg\ qljXd$ d\e Æ bfem\ik`\i\e J`\ [Xql qleZ_jk [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[$
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(+.
,-
,.
;X[`\D\kXcc$;Xk\``d >iXljkl]\e$Df[lj mfic`\^k#n`i[@_iNfcb\eY`c[Y\`d@dgfik ld^\nXe[\ck# n\`c [`\ JZ_nXiq$N\`$ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\`e\`e\i>iXljkl]\e[X$ k\`e`Z_k]lebk`fe`\ik% ;X_\ijfcck\eJ`\[`\]XiY`^\?`ek\i^ile[$ \Y\e\ le[ [`\j\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ ql$ eZ_jk ql \`e\i $<8YY% ,. % 9c\e[\e J`\ Xcc\ ilgg\Xlj ilgg\ Y\e\ee\e J`\d`k Jkilbkli)8YY% ,0 % ,0
,/
(+/
-'
-)
-(
-*
-+
;iZb\eJ`\jfcXe^\=#Y`jJ`\@_iNfcb\e = $ Y`c[ `d ^Xeq efidXc\e =\ejk\i$Df[lj j\_\e# le[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ [Xj =\ejk\i# Y`j J`\ XlZ_ [Xj =\ejk\i @_i\i D\kXcc$ ;Xk\`j\_\ebee\e%Q`\_\eJ`\[Xeed`k [\d M\ijZ_`\Y\e$N\ibq\l^ M [`\ iXljkl]\e$;Xk\`gXjj`\ik`jk8YY% -( % {]]e\e J`\ [`\ e\l `dgfik`\ik\ ilgg\eeXd\ele[dXib`\i\e[`\fY\i\ ilgg\8YY% -) %N`\[\i_fc\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc [`\ I\kljZ_\ Xe [\i bi`$ k`jZ_\eJk\cc\% Jk\cc\e J`\ ele XlZ_ 9c\e[df[lj [\i e\l\e $K le[ jbXc`\$ i\eJ`\[Xj@dgfikY`c[$XlZ_a\kqkbee\e J`\[XY\`il_`^\`en\e`^Y\i[\e9`c[$ iXe[_`eXljq`\_\e8YY% -+ % A\kqk# nf J`\ [`\ Nfcb\ejkilbkli `d >\$ jXdk$:fdgfj`e^ [\i D\kXcc$FY\i]cZ_\ j\_\e bee\e# nfcc\e J`\ j`Z_\i efZ_ \`e\e =`ck\i Xl] [Xj Nfcb\eY`c[ Xen\e$ [\e% NXe[\ce J`\ [Xql [`\ fY\i\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(+0
-,
JdXik$FYa\bk ld [\e 9\]\_c ]`e[\e J`\ `d Bfek\ok$ d\e#[XjJ`\[liZ_I\Z_kjbc`ZbXl][\e $' le[jk\cc\e [Xee [`\ N\ik\ ]i @ek\ej`kk Xl] (-# ]i BfekiXjk Xl] '# Xcj Biele^jXik n_c\e J`\ ?fi`qfekXc8YY% -0 % Nljjk\eJ`\jZ_fe#[XjjJ`\[\e^c\`Z_\e =`ck\id`klek\ijZ_`\[c`Z_\e<`ejk\ccle^\e Y\i\`eXe[\i jkXg\ce bee\e6 JZ_Xl\e J`\Xejlek\i\<e[\[\j>Xc\i`\]\ejk\ijÆ [fikj\_\eJ`\qn\`bc\`e\@Zfej%D`k[\d c`eb\e bee\e J`\ `ee\i_XcY [\j =`ck\ij \`e\qn\`k\
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
--
,(
.'
-.
-/
(,'
.(
.,
;`\j\Y\ie`ddkqleZ_jk[`\<`ejk\ccle$ ^\e [\i \ijk\e# jZ_fe mfi_Xe[\e\e% Bc`$ Zb\eJ`\Xl]\`e\[\iY\`[\e
.*
.+
{]]e\e J`\ a\kqk efZ_ \`edXc [`\ ;Xk\` e^V[\kX`cVd\kXcc(%gj[ le[cXjj\eJ`\j`Z_ [`\j\ le[ @_i Xbkl\cc\j 9`c[ e\Y\e\`eXe$ [\iXeq\`^\e%@dd\iefZ_`e@_i\d\`^\$ e\e# e\l\e D\kXcc$9`c[# i\[lq`\i\e J`\ \`e n\e`^ [`\ ;\ZbbiX]k [\i iXln\ik\`ejk\cc\eI#>#94(-'#8YY% .* % A\kqkj\_\ej`Z_Fi`^`eXcle[EXZ_YXl\`$ e`^\idX\e_ec`Z_8YY% .+ %
G_fk G_ fkfjj_f _fgg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(,(
.,
.-
$ kXcck\okli `e @_i 9`c[ [\i EXk`feXc^Xc\i`\ \`eql]^\e% =Xjj\e J`\ [Xql efZ_ [`\ m\iYc`\Y\e\e <`eq\c\Y\e\eql\`e\i>ilgg\qljXdd\e# Xl\i [\i ?`ek\i^ile[\Y\e\% DXib`\i\e J`\ j`\ ql [`\j\d Qn\Zb 8YY% ., le[ n_c\e XY\idXcj Xlj [\d ilgg\ Xlj ile[# nXi$ ldn`i[XjFi`^`eXcY`c[`e (''le[[Xj e\l\ D\kXcc$K\okli$9`c[ `dd\i `e ,' ;Xijk\ccle^j^i\ d`k\`eXe[\i m\i^c`$ Z_\e_XY\e%
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
..
N\`c[`\=`ck\i`e@_i\iD\kXcck\okliefZ_ Xbk`m j`e[# [X j`\ Xl] JdXik$FYa\bk\ Xe$ ^\n\e[\k nli[\e# ni[\e J`\ Y\` \`e\i M\ibc\`e\ile^\Y\e]XccjjbXc`\ik#nXj[`\ I\c`\]jkilbkliY\`\`e\i>i\e_XcY`\ile^ [\j9`c[\j`dM\i_cke`j[fgg\ckjf^if \ijZ_\`e\e c`\\% J`\ jfcck\e Xcjf Xlj Xcc @_i\e $<# [\i Xcc\ j`Z_kYXi\e
.0
./
(,)
/'
/(
{]]e\e J`\ Y`kk\ a\kqk \ie\lk [`\ ;Xk\` e^Vg\ijg%gj[#le[j\_\eJ`\ql#[XjjJ`\ [\e JkXe[Xi[$9`c[jZ_`iddf[lj ^\n_ck _XY\e#[\i@_e\e@_i\9`c[\i^XeqefidXc `e=\ejk\i[Xijk\ccle^q\`^k% Bc`Zb\e J`\ `e @_i D\kXcc$9`c[# jf[Xjj \j `d Mfi[\i^ile[ `jk# le[ q`\_\e J`\ @_i\ qljXdd\e^\]Xjjk\
D\kXcc ldkXl]\e# Y\i [`\ $K#ld[`\e\l\$Æ %?Xck\eJ`\[Xee[`\ 8ck$KXjk\^\[iZbk#ldq\eki`\ikjbXc`\i\e ql bee\e# le[ ^c\`Z_q\`k`^ J_`]k# [Xd`k [`\ JbXc`\ile^ gifgfik`feXc \i]fc^k# le[ q`\_\e [Xee Xe \`e\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(,*
/)
/*
iXe[ _`eXljiX^k 8YY% /) % JZ_c`\\e J`\ [`\JbXc`\ile^d`kI\klieXY% J`\ djj\e [`\ D\kXcck\okli a\kqk Y\$ jZ_e\`[\e le[ [Xee g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ Xl] [\e9`c[Y\i\`Z_[\jMfi[\i^ile[jXegXj$ j\e%9c\e[\eJ`\[XqlXcc\
Qld ^\eXl\i\e 8iY\`k\e `jk \j j`eemfcc# [Xjj J`\ j`Z_ mfi_\i \`e gXXi ?`c]jc`e`$ \e fi^Xe`j`\i\e# [`\ \j @_e\e \icXlY\e# j`Z_ Y\`d g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_\e KiXej]fid`\$ i\e Xljqli`Z_k\e%Ld[`\=XiY\[\i?`c]jc`$ e`\eeXZ_lej\i\eNejZ_\e\`eqljk\cc\e# n_c\eJ`\?`c]jc`e`\e#IXjk\i#Jc`Z\jle[ Q_cle^ Xlj [\e Mfi\`ejk\ccle^\e G_f$ kfj_fg$ Yqn% 9\XiY\`k\e$D\e# 8YY% /+ % Jk\cc\eJ`\[fik]i[`\?`c]jc`e`\e[`\=Xi$ Y\\`e#[`\@_e\e^\]cck8YY% /, %
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
/+
(,+
A\kqk[iZb\eJ`\JKI>$I#ld[`\C`e\Xc\ fY\ele[c`ebj\`eqlYc\e[\e#le[q`\_\e J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i DXljkXjk\ ?`c]jc`e`\e Xlj `_e\e _\iXlj# d`k [\e\e J`\ [`\ \`e$ q\ce\e9`c[k\`c\dXib`\i\e8YY% /- %
/-
?Xck\e J`\ [`\ JKI>$KXjk\ ^\[iZbk f[\i n_c\eJ`\\ijXkqn\`j\[XjM\ijZ_`\Y\e$ N\ibq\l^ M # ld [`\ ?`c]jc`e`\e eXZ_ [\d?\iXeqffd\e\oXbkqlgfj`k`fe`\i\e 8YY% /. % =X_i\e J`\ ]fik# Y`j J`\ Xcc\ i\c\mXek\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_j$9\^i\eqle^\e d`k ?`c]jc`e`$ \edXib`\ik_XY\e8YY% // % 9c\e[\e J`\ ele @_i\ `dgfik`\ik\
/.
//
G_fkfj_f jj__ g`e[\i 8iZ_`k\bklii^iX]`b
(,,
/0
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
0'
0(
b\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_ ql Y\jZ_e\`[\e# n_c\e J`\ [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ D# 8YY% 0) % N_c\eJ`\ele[\ei\Z_k\eK\`c[\i
(,-
B\_i\eJ`\a\kqk[`\8ljnX_cd`k[\d\ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c ld 8ljnX_c$D\e# 8YY% 0+ % N_c\e J`\ ele Xlj [\d 9\XiY\`k\e$ D\e[\e9\]\_cG\ijg\bk`m`jZ_Xlj[\d Lek\id\e KiXej]fid`\i\e 8YY% 0,2 ]Xccj j`Z_[\iKiXej]fidXk`fejiX_d\eY\i[`\ ^\jXdk\
0-
0,
0.
d`k [\d 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ Xlj$ n_c\e % Q`\_\eJ`\[Xee[\efY\i\ei\Z_k\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(,.
0/
n_c\e J`\ Xlj [\d Bfek\okd\e [\e 9\]\_cM\iq\ii\e#[\i@_e\e[XjM\ijZ_`\$ Y\e \`eq\ce\i Glebk\ \icXlYk 8YY% 0. % JZ_`\Y\e J`\ [\e lek\i\e Glebk n\`k\i eXZ_ fY\e Xl] [\e lek\i\e ?`c]jc`e`\e$ JZ_e`kkglebk 8YY% 0/ le[ jZ_c`\\e J`\ [`\KiXej]fidXk`fed`kI\klieXY% 9c\e[\e J`\ [`\ $K# K ld [`\ KiXej$ ]fidXk`femfiqlY\i\`k\e#m\ijZ_`\Y\e[\e i\Z_k\eIXe[[\i8ljnX_ceXZ_c`ebjle[ n_c\e [Xee g\i I\Z_kjbc`Zb Xlj [\d Bfek\okd\e [\e 9\]\_c G\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ 8YY% ('' %M\iq\ii\eJ`\[`\=cZ_\Æa\kqk jfcck\ [`\ Jpdd\ki`\ jk`dd\e 8YY% ('( % JZ_c`\\eJ`\d`kI\klieXY% ('(
BXgg` g`k\c \ '.× '..× . :fd fdgfj` g e^ gfj e^Xl] e^X l]:8888;$ l] l]: 8888;$ ;;$99Xj` Xj` jj
00
(''
(,/
('+
('*
(')
(',
9c\e[\e J`\ [`\
('-
('.
G_ffkfj f _fgg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(,0
('0
Jfcck\j`Z_n`\[\i\`edXc[\iKiXej]fidX$ k`fejiX_d\e `e [\i ^Xeq\e
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(((
('/
(-'
(()
d\ekXe_XY\eÆ[Xqldjj\eJ`\@_i9`c[ k\dgfiiqlY\`[\eJ\`k\e\in\`k\ie%
((+
Eleqli]e]k\eie[\e[\iG\ijg\b$ b k`m\\knXjd\_i8iY\`kdXZ_\e%9c\e[\e J`\ j`\ \`e le[ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ j`\ le[ Yc\e[\eJ`\[`\mfi_\iY\XiY\`k\k\
QleZ_jk`jk\j_`c]i\`Z_#[\e=clZ_kglebk [\i G\ijg\bk`m\ ql \id`kk\ce# ld mfi Xc$ c\d]i[`\c`eb\J\`k\[\eIXe[[\j8lj$ ^Xe^jY`c[jql\id`kk\ce% E\_d\e J`\ [Xql n`\[\i [Xj Q\`Z_\e$ jk`]k$N\ibq\l^ G# G 8YY% ((* # q\`Z_e\e J`\ d`kj\`e\i?`c]\\`e\[\i]clZ_k\e[\eM\i$ k`bXc\e[\jMfi[\i^ile[$9`c[\jeXZ_le[ m\ice^\ie J`\ [`\j\ C`e`\ Y`j ql \`e\i m\ik`bXc\e ?`c]jc`e`\# [`\ J`\ j`Z_ mfi_\i ^\eXl`e[\iD`kk\qn`jZ_\e[\eY\`[\e ?`c]jc`e`\eXe^\c\^k_XY\e#[`\[Xj>\ce$ [\ic`ebjle[i\Z_kjY\^i\eq\e8YY% ((+ % ((,
G_fk G_ fkfj fjj_f _fgg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(-(
((-
Qld \oXbk\e Gfj`k`fe`\i\e m\in\e[\e J`\ eXZ_ [\d Q\`Z_e\e [\i C`e`\ n`\[\i [Xj ;`i\bkXljnX_c$N\ibq\l^8 % Q\`Z_e\e J`\ [Xee# n`\[\i d`k [\d Q\`$ Z_\ejk`]k# \`e\ C`e`\ mfd =clZ_kglebk [liZ_ [`\ c`eb\ fY\i\
Ki\gg\e^\ce[\ij8YY% ((- #[`\J`\\Y\e$ ]Xccj Y`j ql [\i lek\ijk\e ?`c]jc`e`\ m\i$ ce^\ieÆ[Xj`jk\`e^Xeq\jJkZbi\Z_kj Xl\i_XcY[\j9`c[\j8YY% ((. % C\^\e J`\ \`e\ e\l\ m\ik`bXc\ ?`c]jc`e`\ [liZ_[`\j\eJZ_e`kkglebk% C\^\e J`\ qljkqc`Z_ \`e\ m\ik`bXc\ ?`c]j$ c`e`\[liZ_[\ee\l^\nfee\e\eJZ_e`kk$ glebk Xl] [\i c`eb\e J\`k\ [\j 9`c[\j 8YY% ((/ %
Bc`Zb\eJ`\[`\C`e`\XYle[q\`Z_e\eJ`\ \`e\ qn\`k\ C`e`\ mfd =clZ_kglebk Xlj Y\i[`\i\Z_k\fY\i\
((/
BXg` Xg`k\c'.×:fd :fdgfj` j`e^X e^Xl]: l 88;$9Xj` X j
((.
(-)
()'
()(
((0
())
Ele djj\e J`\ @_i 9`c[dXk\i`Xc ql Y\`$ [\e J\`k\e \in\`k\ie# ld j`eemfcc @_i\ g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_\ M\iq\iile^ mfie\_d\e qlbee\e%;Xqldjj\eJ`\XY\i\ijk[`\ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\@_i\j9`c[\j\in\`k\ie%JkXkk d`k[\d\ekjgi\Z_\e[\e9\]\_cXlj[\d 9`c[$D\e n\i[\e J`\ [Xql [Xj =i\`jk\c$ cle^jn\ibq\l^ m\in\e[\e :# 8YY% ((02 XZ_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$ ()*
GXc\kk\ b\`e\ Q`\cn\ik\ ]i [`\ =i\`jk\c$ cle^ \`e^\kiX^\e j`e[# ^^]% bc`Zb\e J`\ [\e CjZ_\e$9lkkfe %Qffd\eJ`\jfn\`k Xlj@_i\d9`c[_\iXlj#[XjjJ`\[`\Y\`[\e l\ijk\e ?`c]jc`e`\ej\_\ebee\e#le[ q`\_\eJ`\\`e\e=i\`jk\ccle^jiX_d\eld @_ibfdgc\kk\j9`c[Xl]%Bc`Zb\eJ`\[Xee eXZ_\`eXe[\i Xl] [\e c`eb\e le[ [\e i\Z_k\ed`kkc\i\e8eb\iglebkle[q`\_\e [\eIX_d\eY`jql[\el\i\e?`c]jc`e`$ \e8YY% ()' %;iZb\eJ`\ I\klie#c\_e\e J`\j`Z_qliZb#le[nXik\eJ`\#Y`jG_f$ kfj_fg @_e\e [`\ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\ \ekjgi\$ Z_\e[\in\`k\ik_Xk8YY% ()( % N_c\e J`\ a\kqk d`k [\d 8ljnX_ci\Z_k$ \Zb$N\ibq\l^ D# 8YY% ()) [Xj 9`c[ Xlj# jf n`\ J`\ \j mfi [\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(-*
(),
()-
8ljnX_ceXZ_c`ebj#Y`jj`\d`k`_i\ii\Z_$ k\eBXek\Xe[\ec`eb\eIXe[@_i\j9`c[\j XejZ_c`\k8YY% (), % JfcXe^\ [`\ 8ljnX_c efZ_ ql j\_\e `jk# kleJ`\[Xj^c\`Z_\efZ_[i\`dXcXl][\i i\Z_k\e J\`k\# Y`j [`\ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\ mfcc$ jke[`^^\]cck`jk8YY% ()- % Jfcck\e @_i\ 8ljnX_cXd\`j\e qn`jZ_\e$ [i`e[liZ_\`e\e=\_cbc`Zbm\ijZ_n`e[\e# n_c\eJ`\\`e]XZ_
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
()+
<ek]\ie\e J`\ a\kqk [\e 9`c[k\`c fY\i_XcY [\j ?fi`qfekj# [\i C`e`\# Xl] [\i @_i =clZ_kglebk c`\^k d`k_`c]\ [\j 8ljnX_c$ i\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^j 8YY% ()/ %
().
(-+
(*'
$ n\`c\ m\ikiXlk\e 9\]\_c KiXej]fid`\i\e$ M\iq\ii\e Xlj [\d 9\XiY\`k\e$D\e 8YY% ()0 le[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e [`\ fY\i\e Glebk\eXZ_\`eXe[\iXl][\e=clZ_kglebk 8YY% (*' % A\kqkY\jZ_e\`[\eJ`\[Xj9`c[n`\[\id`k [\d =i\`jk\ccle^jn\ibq\l^ :# 8YY% (*( l% (*) #d`k[\d8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ iXj`\i\eJ`\efZ_[`\Jg`kq\@_i\iD\kXcc$ K\okliXY8YY% (** %
()0
Ele# [X [`\ <`eq\c]cZ_\e g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ bfii\bk Xlj^\i`Z_k\k j`e[# \ek]\ie\e J`\ [`\Y\ijZ_jj`^\e9`c[Y\i\`Z_\]ia\[\ (*)
(*(
(**
G_fk G_fkfj fkfj_f fj_fg _fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(-,
(*,
$ eZ_jk ld [`\ \Y\e Y\XiY\`k\k\ $KXjk\ Xl] `_i\ \ce[\iY\i\`Z_^\_ikÆqleZ_jk d`k [\d Gfcp^fe$CXjjf C Yqn% J_`]k$C# 8YY% (*- % N\ee J`\ mfe \`e\i jZ_n\Y\e$ [\e8ljnX_c\knXjXYq`\_\enfcc\e#\^Xc d`k n\cZ_\d N\ibq\l^# _Xck\e J`\ ]i [\e \ijk\e Bc`Zb [`\ 8ck$KXjk\ ^\[iZbk Æ `elej\i\d=Xccj\_\eJ`\#[Xjj[\i Gfcp$ ^fe$CXjjf$:lijfi d`k \`e\d bc\`e\e D`$ eljq\`Z_\e^Xie`\ik`jk%Q\`Z_e\eJ`\a\kqk [Xd`k \`e\ 8ljnX_c# [`\ Xcc\j fY\i_XcY [\j >\ce[\ij \ek_ck% D`k [\d c\kqk\e Bc`Zb# [\i [`\ 8ljnX_c jZ_c`\k# \i_Xck\e J`\ Xcj I\jlckXk \`e\e i\[lq`\ik\e 8lj$ nX_cY\i\`Z_8YY% (*. %
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(*.
(*+
(*-
(--
(*0
(*/
8lj @_i\i 8ljnX_c djj\e J`\ efZ_ m`\i 9\i\`Z_\ _\iXljjZ_e\`[\e# [i\` [Xmfe bee\e J`\ n`\ ^\iX[\ d`k [\d Gfcp$ ^fe$CXjjf \ic\[`^\e qli Fi`\ek`\ile^ j% 8YY% (,'2m\i^\jj\eJ`\a\n\`cje`Z_k#mfi [\d\ijk\eBc`Zb[`\ 8ck$KXjk\ql[iZb\e# jfejk ^\_k @_i\ >\jXdkXljnX_c ]ck\e Æ `e[`\j\d=Xcci\kk\eJ`\j`Z_d`k_`c]\[\i Gifkfbfcc$GXc\kk\ % ;`\ qn\`k^ik\ {]]ele^ `d >\ce[\i j%
(+'
(+(
8YY% (+. bee\eJ`\d`k[\dCXjjfe`Z_k ^lkXljn_c\e#[XJ`\`dlek\i\e9\i\`Z_ [`\K\`c]cZ_\en\^\e[\j^c\`Z_\e>iXl$ kfej e`Z_k lek\ijZ_\`[\e bee\e Æ _`\i n\i[\e J`\ j`Z_ d`k \`e\i aljk`\iYXi\e G]X[$8ljnX_c_\c]\e% ;fZ_ qleZ_jk jg\`Z_\ie J`\ @_i\ 8lj$ nX_c# [Xd`k J`\ j`Z_ le^\jkik d`k [\d Q\`Z_\ejk`]k Y\jZ_]k`^\e bee\e% N_$ c\e J`\ [Xql [\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9\]\_c Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e 8YY% (*/ le[ ^\Y\e [\d e\l\e BXeXc ql [\d @_i\ 8ljnX_c n`i[ [\e EXd\e D\kXcc Mfie 8YY% (*0 %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FBÆ`e[\i BXec\$GXc\kk\ bee\e J`\ @_i\ 8ljnX_c a\kqk Xcj JZ_nXiq$N\`$>iX]`b Y\nle$ [\ie 8YY% (+' % 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ _`\i XY\i leY\[`e^k n`\[\i [`\ =XiYbXec\# ld n\`k\iXiY\`k\e ql bee\e 8YY% (+( le[ n\Z_j\ceqliZb`e[`\ i\`]\e J`\ a\kqk qld Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$N\ib$ q\l^ G#8YY% G (+) le[q\`Z_e\eJ`\[Xd`k [`\bi`k`jZ_\{]]ele^eXZ_%J`\YiXlZ_\e (+)
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(-.
(+*
e`Z_k\oki\d^\eXlqlXiY\`k\e#n\`cJ`\ [`\ =fid eXZ__\i glebkn\`j\ aljk`\i\e bee\e%Bc`Zb\eJ`\[fgg\ckXl][`\D`e`$ Xkli[\i=fid\Y\e\#[`\[XY\`\ekjkXe[\e `jk#le[n_c\eJ`\\`e\_\cc\=XiY\Xlj 8YY% (+* ÆXl\i[\djfcck\[`\j\
N\ibq\l^ 8# 8YY% (++ [`\ $KXj$ k\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i =fid\Y\$ e\8YY% (+- ÆJ`\j\_\e#[XjjY\i@_i\i M\bkfi]cZ_\\`e\^XeqefidXc\8d\`j\e$ 8ljnX_c\ijZ_\`ek8YY% (+. % (+.
(+,
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(++
(+-
(-/
(+/
;Xd`k [`\j\ a\kqk mfe @_i\i \Y\e \ijk\cc$ k\e >\ce[\i$DXjb\ XY^\qf^\e n\i[\e bXee# jg\`Z_\ie J`\ [`\j\ e\l\ 8ljnX_c 8ljnX_c$D\e1 8ljnX_c jg\`Z_\ie# 8YY% (+/ Æ XY\i a\kqk n_c\e J`\ `e [\d ;`Xcf^]\c[[\ejZ_femfi_Xe[\e\eBXeXc D\kXcc Mfie Xlj 8YY% (+0 le[ [Xilek\i [`\Fgk`feMfeBXeXcjlYkiX_`\i\e% (+0
@_i\ DXjb\ jfcck\ a\kqk jf Xljj\_\e n`\ `e 8YY% (,' Æ jZ_Xl\e J`\ `e [\i BXec\$ GXc\kk\eXZ_% FBÆ@_i\9$BXec\ Xbk`m j`e[# n\Z_j\ce J`\ `e [`\ \ce[\i q\`^k# n`\$ [\i \`e Æ Xl\i[\d jfcck\ j`\ Xbk`m j\`e (,(
(,'
G fkfjj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b G_
(-0
(,)
(,*
8YY% (,( % ;Xee _fc\e J`\ j`Z_ [`\ 8lj$ nX_c# [`\ J`\ \Y\e jf blejkmfcc \ijk\cck _XY\e# n`\[\i `ej 9`c[# d`k [\d 9\]\_c 8ljnX_c cX[\e Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e 8YY% (,) % @e [\d ;`Xcf^]\c[ n_c\e J`\ [\e BXeXc D\kXcc Mfie 8YY% (,* le[ bc`$ Zb\e FB Æ @_i\ 8ljnX_c \ijZ_\`ek `e >\$ jkXck[\im\ikiXlk\e8d\`j\e%
(,+
A\kqk bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [Xj @Zfe $ KXjk\ `e `_i\
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(,-
(,.
(,,
(.'
Ld mfe [\i 8ljnX_c [`\ 9\i\`Z_\ qn`$ jZ_\e [\e >\ce[\igif]`c\e XYqlq`\_\e# [`\j`\eXkic`Z_eliXl][\iMfi[\i^ile[$
(,0
(-(
Bc`Zb\eJ`\[Xeed`k^\[iZbk\i8ck$KXjk\ `e [`\ c\\i\e 4 kiXejgXi\ek\e 9\i\`Z_\ qn`jZ_\e [\e >\ce[\igif]`c\e [`\j _Xk eXkic`Z_ eli J`ee# n\ee [`\ Mfi[\i$ ^ile[$\ce[\ij`dMfi[\i^ile[mfe [\d 8ljnX_cY\i\`Z_ XY^\qf^\e n\i[\e% M\in\e[\e J`\ [Xql [Xj Gfcp^fe$CXjjf 8YY% (-'2 m\i^\jj\e J`\ e`Z_k# mfi [\d \ijk\e Bc`Zb [`\ 8ck$KXjk\ ql [iZb\e Æ [XeXZ_bfekifcc`\i\eJ`\efZ_\`edXc`d DXjb\e$Df[lj H # fY Xcc\j j\`e\ I`Z_$ k`^b\`k_Xk8YY% (-( %N\Z_j\ceJ`\qliZb `e [\e JkXe[Xi[$Df[lj H # jf[Xjj J`\ n`\[\i @_i\ 8d\`j\e j\_\e# le[ n\`j\e J`\[\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(.(
(-)
jf Xljj\_\e 8YY% (-) % 8lZ_ [`\j\i
(-*
Jg\`Z_\ie J`\ [`\ 8ljnX_c \ijk \`edXc 8ljnX_c$D\e1 8ljnX_cjg\`Z_\ie #[\e BXeXce\ee\eJ`\ D\kXcci\Z_kj8YY% (-+ % >i\`]\eJ`\efZ_\`edXcqld Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$ N\ibq\l^G le[q\`Z_e\e\`e\=fidn`\ `e8YY% (-,Æn`Z_k`^`jk`_ifY\i\iM\icXl] \ekcXe^[\iBXek\e[\j>\ce[\ijkXYj]i [`\ =fid\Y\e\_XY\`Z_n`\[\i\`e_\cc\j 9cXl`d Dlck`gc`q`\i\e$Df[lj^\n_ck % EXZ_ [\i =\ik`^jk\ccle^ [`\j\i M\bkfi$ ]fid bc`Zb\e J`\ n`\[\i d`k ^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\ Xl] [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i =fid\Y\e\# jf[Xjj \`e\ G`o\c$8ljnX_c qlj\_\e`jk% (-,
BXgg k\c BXg` k\c \c '.× '.. :fd : gfj`e^ :fdgfj` :fd gfj` f e^X e^ Xl]: l]] :88; l] 88;$ 8; 9Xj` 9Xjj`j
(-+
(.)
(-.
(-/
(--
(-0
Q`\_\eJ`\ele[`\j\=cZ_\mfe[\i\Y\e ^\jg\`Z_\ik\e 8ljnX_c D\kXcc I\Z_kj XY# `e[\dJ`\[\e9\]\_c8ljnX_cjg\`Z_\ie n_c\e 8ljnX_c$D\e# 8YY% (-- $ [fik g`Zb\e J`\ j`Z_ [\e BXeXc D\kXcc I\Z_kj _\iXlj le[ \ekjZ_\`[\e j`Z_ ]i [`\ MX$ i`Xek\ Mfe BXeXc jlYkiX_`\i\e 8YY% (-. % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ jZ_Xl\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc `e [\i BXec\$GXc\kk\ eXZ_# fYXcc\jj\`e\Fi[ele^_Xk8YY% (-/ % 9\`de_\i\e?`eqffd\ej\_\eJ`\#[Xjj [\d e`Z_k jf `jk le[ \`e\ Bc\`e`^b\`k i\$ gXi`\ikn\i[\edljj8YY% (-0 % E\_d\e J`\ [Xj 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ib$ q\l^ D # q`\_\e J`\ \`e\e IX_d\e n`\ ^\q\`^k Xl] le[ ]cc\e `_e d`k JZ_nXiq @_i\ 8ljnX_c _Xk j`Z_ aX `e \`e\e BXeXc m\inXe[\ck# Xcjf \`e JZ_nXiq$N\`$9`c[ Æ Xcc\ e`Z_k Xlj^\n_ck\e 9\i\`Z_\ j`e[ jZ_nXiq % ;Xql [iZb\e J`\ \ekn\[\i ;# ld Mfi$ [\i$ le[ ?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\ Xl] JZ_nXiq$ N\` ql jk\cc\e# le[ ^\^\Y\e\e]Xccj O# Y`j JZ_nXiq [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[]XiY\ `jk# le[jZ_c`\c`Z_8ck$9XZbjgXZ\$f[\iJ`\ [iZb\eJ_`]k$9XZbjgXZ\le[n_c\eXlj [\dM\in\e[\e$D\eJZ_nXiqXlj% N\Z_j\ceJ`\eXZ_[\iI\$8bk`m`\ile^[\i I>9$BXec\n`\[\i`e[`\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(.*
8ljnX_c cX[\e Xlj [\d 8ljnX_c$D\e le[ m\inXe[\ce [`\j\ d`k_`c]\ [\j \ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\e 9lkkfej Xd lek\i\e IXe[ [\i
(.'
(.)
(.(
(.*
Ele qli c\kqk\e $KXjk\ `e `_i\ D`e`Xkli# ld `_i\e@e_XckXljqln_c\e#le[Xbk`m`\i\e [Xee XY\idXcj [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[$\ce[\i^\_i\ee`Z_k m\i^\jj\e1[`\ 8ck$KXjk\[iZb\e % 8lZ_ _`\i n\i[\e J`\ d\ib\e# [Xjj \j n`\[\i 9\i\`Z_\ ^`Yk# [`\ Y\jj\i d`k \`$ e\ialjk`\iYXi\eM\bkfi$8ljnX_cdXib`\ik n\i[\e% N\ee J`\ Xcjf d`k QXlY\ijkXY le[CXjjfe`Z_kn\`k\ibfdd\e#jg\`Z_\ie J`\\ijk\`edXc@_i\8ljnX_cBXeXc1 D\$ kXccLek\e?`ek\e#8YY% (.+ %Q\`Z_e\eJ`\ [Xee@_i\M\bkfi]fid\ed`k[\d Q\`Z_\e$ jk`]k$N\ibq\l^ G le[nXe[\ceJ`\j`\`e G`o\c$8ljnX_c\e ld# `e[\d J`\ \ijk d`k ^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\ed`$ e`Xkli [\i \`e\e# [Xee d`k J_`]k$JKI> `e [`\ DXjb\ed`e`Xkli [\i Xe[\i\e =fid\$ Y\e\bc`Zb\e8YY% (., %
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(.,
(.+
(.+
(..
(.-
(./
>i\`]\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc qld 8ljnX_c$ i\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ D # le[ n_c\e d`k ^\[iZbk\i J_`]k$KXjk\ [\e 9\i\`Z_ [\j jZ_nXiq\e ;i\`\Zbj lek\e i\Z_kj Xlj 8YY% (.- % ;`\ [i\` 8ljnX_c]cZ_\e q`\_\e J`\ mfe @_i\i jZ_fe ^\jg\`Z_\ik\e 8ljnX_c XY# `e[\dJ`\[\e9\]\_c8ljnX_cjg\`Z_\ie n_c\ele[j`\mfdBXeXc D\kXccLek\e ?`ek\ejlYkiX_`\i\e8YY% (.. % CX[\eJ`\@_i\]\ik`^\8ljnX_c#Xbk`m`\i\e (.0
(.,
J`\ [`\ $KXjk\ `e `_i\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli 8YY% (/' # jf$ [Xjj [`\ gXjj\e[\ 8ljnX_c \ijZ_\`ek%
(/'
(/(
(/)
N_c\eJ`\[Xee 8ljnX_cjg\`Z_\ieXlj [\d8ljnX_c$D\e8YY% (/( le[^\Y\e J`\[\de\l\eBXeXc[\eEXd\e D\kXcc C`ebj8YY% (/) % 8cj eZ_jk\j bdd\ie J`\ j`Z_ ld [`\ $KXjk\ `e `_i\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli# ld [`\ 8ljnX_c qljkXik\e8YY% (/* ÆY\`dJg\`Z_\ie[\i 8ljnX_c n_c\e J`\ cf^`jZ_\in\`j\ [\e BXeXceXd\eD\kXccFY\e8YY% (/+ % (/+
(/*
(.-
(/,
@e[\iBXec\$GXc\kk\bee\eJ`\eXZ_j\$ _\e#fYa\kqkXcc\K\`c]cZ_\e`eBXeXc]fid mfic`\^\e8YY% (/,Æ`Z__XY\[`\BXec\ \`eY`jjZ_\eldjfik`\ik#n`\J`\j\_\e % @dd\iefZ_`e[\iBXec\$GXc\kk\#\ijk\c$ c\en`i^c\`Z_efZ_\`e\e>\jXdkbXeXc]i [`\ m`\i _`ek\i\e D\kXcc]cZ_\e% Bc`Zb\e J`\d`k^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\Xl][`\D`$ e`Xkli[\j\ijk\ele[[XeeeXZ_\`eXe[\i d`k J_`]k$JKI>Xl][`\D`e`Xkli\e[\iY$ (/-
i`^\eK\`cbXec\#ld\`e\>\jXdkXljnX_c ]i[`\m`\i_`ek\i\eD\kXcc]cZ_\eql\i$ _Xck\eÆXlZ_[`\j\bee\eJ`\jg\`Z_\ie# [\e BXeXc e\ee\e J`\ D\kXcc ?`ek\e >\$ jXdk8YY% (/- % 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ n`\[\i [`\ I>9$BXec\# n\Z_j\ceJ`\qliZb`e[`\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(..
(//
(/0
\jXdkY`c[\`e^\i\Z_e\k8YY% (/0 % Ele qli ?\cc`^b\`kj[`]]\i\eq`\ile^% 9c\e$ [\e J`\ [`\ D\kXcc$\ce[\ibfdgc\o^`Yk#a\ eXZ_ CX^\ [\i K\`c]cZ_\e 8YY% (0( % J`\ n\i[\e a\kqk [\e QXlY\ijkXY n_c\e N# N 8YY% (0) $qleZ_jkd`k[\i Kfc\iXeq(le[ [\Xbk`m`\ik\i =lebk`fe 9\eXZ_YXik Æ ld \`e\ [\i _\ccjk\e =cZ_\e Xljqln_c\e [`\ Lek\ij`Z_k % D`k_`c]\ [`\j\i 8ljnX_c n\i[\eJ`\[Xee\`e\dXjb`\ik\ Kfen\ik$ bfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Y\i [`\ D\kXcc$
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
(0)
(0'
(0(
(./
(0*
(0+
;fZ_ jZ_e [\i I\`_\ eXZ_1 Bc`Zb\e J`\ d`k [\d QXlY\ijkXY `e \`e\ [\i Lek\i$ j`Z_kj$=cZ_\e Æ XZ_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[$
cle^j\Y\e\\ijk\cc\eXdlek\i\eIXe[[\i
G_fk G_fk f fj_f fj_f _ g g ``ee [\ii 88iZ iZZ_ Z__``kk\b \bbk \\bk bkli^i li^ li^ i^i ^ X]`b
(.0
(0-
(0/
Mfi[\i^ile[$
8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Y\i[\e D\kXcc$\ce[\ij \k$ nXjkle\enfcc\e % )''
BXg` Xgg k\c k\\\c ''. ..××:fd :fd fd dgfj gfj` gfj` fj`e^X e^XXll]]::88;$ 88; 8;; 9Xj 8;$ 9Xj` Xj j
(00
(/'
A\kqk ^\_k \j `dd\i jf n\`k\i Æ Xbk`m`\$ i\e J`\ qli =cZ_\e$8ljnX_c [`\ Mfi$ [\i^ile[$
)')
)'*
)'+
G__f fj_f G_f G_fk fj_ j__fg ``ee [\ii 8iZ__`k _`k\bk k\bbbkli^i k\b ^ X]`b ]`bb
(/(
)',
)'-
]cZ_\e d`k [\d N\ik '#,, 8YY% )'* le[ jZ_c`\c`Z_ ]i [`\ c`eb\e J\`k\e]c$ Z_\e#[\e[leb\cjk\e#d`k[\dN\ik '#+, 8YY% )'+ % 8YjZ_c`\\e[ jfcc \j efZ_ \`e\e ?\cc`^$ b\`kjm\icXl]Xl][\eD\kXcc]cZ_\e^\Y\e# le[ qnXi jfcc \j mfe lek\e eXZ_ fY\e [lebc\in\i[\e%GcXkq`\i\eJ`\[XqlY\i [\e Y`j_\i \`e^\j\kqk\e <`ejk\ccle^j$ \Y\e\e \`e\ n\`k\i\ 8YY% )', le[ jk\c$ c\e [\e ?`jkf^iXdd$D`kk\cn\ik Xl] )#., 8YY% )'- Æ J`\ j\_\e# [Xjj [\i >\ce$ [\ibfdgc\o [\lkc`Z_ _\cc\i n`i[% ;Xd`k J`\@_i\e M\icXl]Y\bfdd\e#djj\eJ`\ [`\j\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)'0
)'.
)'/
(/)
)('
)((
J`\ j\_\e @_i\ 8ljnX_c Y\i [\d 9`c[ jZ_n\Y\e%>i\`]\eJ`\a\kqkqldM\icXl]j$ N\ibq\l^ ># 8YY% )(' le[ bc`Zb\e fY\e `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ `e [`\ M\icXl]j$ d`e`Xkli# ld ql [\e N\ibq\l^$<`ejk\c$ cle^\eqlbfdd\e8YY% )(( % @d 9\XiY\`kle^j]\ejk\i n_c\e J`\ [\q`$ [`\ik [\e JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] Xlj# [X J`\ eli d`k `_d \`e\ fgk`dXc\ DXjb\e$ N`ible^ \iq`\c\e n\i[\e m\icXjj\e J`\ j`Z_ e`Z_k [XiXl]# [Xjj @_i\ Xbkl\cc\ Mfi$ [\i$le[?`ek\i^ile[]XiY\eJZ_nXiqle[ N\`j`e[#8YY% )() % 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% )()
)(*
G_fkfj G_ fj_f fj_ j_ g g `ee [\\ii 8iZ_ iZ_`k\bk \\bb li^i \bk li^^i ^iX]`b X
(/*
)(+
)(,
Jf Æ @_i\ 8ljnX_c `jk `dd\i efZ_ ql j\_\e2 dXc\e J`\ a\kqk \`e\e j\ebi\Z_$ k\eM\icXl]mfdfY\i\eY`jqldlek\i\e IXe[@_i\i8ljnX_c8YY% )(* le[_\Y\e J`\[`\8ljnX_cXl]JKI>$; % ;Xj I\jlckXk `jk \`e ?\cc`^b\`kjm\icXl] Xl] [\i mfidXcj Xlj^\n_ck\e =cZ_\# [\i _\ccjk\ 9\i\`Z_ Y\]`e[\k j`Z_ lek\e 8YY% )(+ %
)(-
N`\[\i_fc\e J`\ [`\j\ 8bk`fe ]i Xcc\ n\`k\i\eK\`c]cZ_\e#XcjeZ_jk\j]i[\e BXeXcD\kXccC`ebj8YY% )(, #[Xee D\kXcc FY\e 8YY% )(- le[ jZ_c`\c`Z_ D\kXcc I\Z_kj 8YY% )(. % Bc`Zb\e J`\ d`k ^\$ [iZbk\i8ck$KXjk\`e[`\DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli# bee\eJ`\[`\ DXjb\Xcj>iXljkl]\eY`c[ Y\nle[\ie8YY% )(/ % )(/
)(.
(/+
))'
)(0
8ck DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli# ld n`\[\i @_i 9`c[ ql j\_\e% \ce[\i$ \Y\e\% CX[\e J`\ [Xql [`\ 8ljnX_c D\kXccMfie 8YY% )(0 le[dXc\eJ`\XlZ_`e[`\j\@_$ i\e M\icXl] Æ Y\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj J`\ [X$ Y\`n`ibc`Z_mfdfY\i\eY`jqldlek\i\e ))(
8ljnX_ciXe[ j\ebi\Z_k eXZ_ lek\e mfi$ ^\_\e8YY% ))' % 8lZ_ a\kqk bfekifcc`\i\e J`\ [Xj \ce[\i `dBfek\ok[\j^\jXdk\e9`c[\jXljj`\_k 8YY% ))) % )))
G_ffkfj_f fkfj_fg g `ee [\i 8iZ_` iZ_`k\bk k\bk \b li^ li^i i^iXX]]`b `
(/,
))*
M`\cc\`Z_kn\i[\eJ`\[`\?\cc`^b\`kj[`]]\$ i\eq`\ile^[\jMfi[\i^ile[jjgk\iefZ_ XegXjj\e djj\e# le[ ^Xeq j`Z_\i n\i$ [\eJ`\efZ_\`e\e=`ck\iXl][`\=cZ_\e Xen\e[\e nfcc\e XlZ_ d`k \`e\d DXj$ b\em\icXl] Æa\kqkXY\infcc\en`ilejd`k Xe[\i\eK\`c\e[\j9`c[\jY\jZ_]k`^\e% JZ_c`\\eJ`\@_i9`c[\ijk\`edXc#[Xd`k @_i8iY\`kjjg\`Z_\ij`Z_\i_fc\ebXeele[ ))+
BXXgg kk\ BXg` BX BXg k\c k\c \\cc '. '..××:fd :f :fd :f :fdgfj gfj` gf gfj fj``e^X e^^^XXl]: l] l]:::88;$ 88;$ 88 88; 88; 88;$ ;$9Xj` 9Xj Xj` Xj``j
]]e\eJ`\Y`kk\[`\;Xk\`e^V[\kX`cV_fcq% ag^ 8YY% ))* % 8lj [`\j\d i\Xc\e =fkf n\i[\e J`\ \`e\ ?fcqfY\i]cZ_\ YXjk\ce# [`\ J`\ `e @_i\d :fdgfj`e^ m\in\e[\e bee\e% QleZ_jk nXe[\ce J`\ [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[\$ Y\e\ `e \`e\ efidXc\
(/-
))-
)),
Xeq\e XiiXe^`\i\e qlbee\e% >i\`]\e J`\ qld 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ib$ q\l^ D# 8YY% ))- # n_c\e J`\ \`e\ [\i =cZ_\e^ifYXljle[m\in\e[\eJ`\[\e 9\]\_c8ljnX_ckiXej]fid`\i\e8ljnX_c$ D\e#8YY% )). #ld[`\8ljnX_c\knXjql m\ibc\`e\ie8YY% ))/ Æ[Xd`km\id\`[\e J`\ Bfe]c`bk\ d`k [\e ^\biddk\e Ie$ [\ie# [`\ [liZ_ [`\ 8l]eX_d\ d`k [\d N\`kn`eb\c\ekjkXe[\ej`e[% ))/
)).
D`k[\d9\]\_cE\l$$ A bfg`\i\eJ`\[\eXlj^\n_ck\e9`c[Y\$ i\`Z_Xl]\`e\e\l\
G_f G_fk GG_ _fk fkffj fj_f fj_ jj___ffg gg g g `ee [\ii 8iZ iiZ_ Z_` ZZ_ __`k`k\bk k\\bk k\b bbkklli^ li^i i^ i^i ^iX]` X]]`bb X]`b
(/.
)*'
m\ijZ_`\Y\eJ`\\j\`e]XZ_Xl][`\eZ_j$ k\Xljqln_c\e[\=cZ_\d`k[\d`dd\i efZ_ Xbk`m\e 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^# 8YY% )*( % ;Xd`k `jk ^\n_ic\`jk\k# [Xjj [`\ eZ_jk\ 8ljnX_c ^\eXl jf ^if `jk n`\ [`\ mfiXe^\^Xe^\e\% N\ee [`\ 8lj$ nX_c i`Z_k`^ gfj`k`fe`\ik `jk# [iZb\e J`\ n`\[\i JKI>$A# ld XlZ_ [`\j\e 9`c[k\`c Xl]\`e\\`^\e\Xeq\efZ_\`en\`$ k\i\jDXc#ldXlZ_[`\[i`kk\mfccjke[`^ j`Z_kYXi\ ?fcq]cZ_\ ql bfg`\i\e% N\ee )*)
BBXg` BXg BX Xg` Xg gg`k\c kk\c \ ''...×××:fd :fd dgfj` gffj` gfj j`e^X ee^^^Xl] e^Xl] l]: l]]:88; :888;;$9 ;$9Xj 9Xj` j`j `j
)*(
J`\[Xd`k]\ik`^j`e[#jfcck\eJ`\[i\`e\l\
(//
A\kqk n\i[\e J`\ [`\ \`eq\ce\e =cZ_\e e_\iql\`eXe[\ijZ_`\Y\e#le[qnXijf# [Xjj\`e\mfe`_e\e^Xeqi\Z_kjXdIXe[ [\i8iY\`kj]cZ_\c`\^k% ;Xql e\_d\e J`\ eXkic`Z_ [Xj M\ijZ_`\$ Y\e$N\ibq\l^ 8YY% )** le[ qnXi d`k Xbk`m`\ik\i Fgk`fe
)*,
)**
)*+
)*-
)*.
)*/
)*0
=i @_i :fdgfj`e^ Y\ek`^\e J`\ q\_e =cZ_\e e\Y\e\`eXe[\i Æ Y`j_\i _XY\e J`\ eli [i\`# le[ XlZ_ e`Z_k ^\e^\e[ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\# ld [`\ ]\_c\e[\e j`\Y\e lek\iqlYi`e^\e% Qli
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(/0
CjZ_\e$9lkkfe% Q`\_\e J`\ a\kqk qleZ_jk \`e\e =i\`jk\c$ cle^jiX_d\e ld @_i\ ?fcq]cZ_\e Xl] G_fkfj_fg _`c]k @_e\e n`\[\i# `e[\d j`Z_ [Xj N\ibq\l^ Xe [\e 9`c[bXek\e \`e]e^k # le[ \in\`k\ie [Xee [\e IX_$ d\e fi[\ekc`Z_ eXZ_ c`ebj 8YY% )*. % Bc`$ Zb\eJ`\[fgg\ckf[\i[iZb\eJ`\ I\klie le[@_i\ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\`jk ^if^\el^% Qld M\im`\c]ck`^\e e\_d\e J`\ n`\[\i [Xj M\ijZ_`\Y\e$N\ibq\l^# eli [iZb\e J`\[`\jdXcmfi[\d\ijk\eBc`ZbXl]\`e\ =cZ_\ [`\ 8ck$KXjk\# [Xd`k G_fkfj_fg Y\`d M\ijZ_`\Y\e \`e\ Bfg`\ \iq\l^k Æ m\ik\`c\e J`\ [`\ =cZ_\e jf# [Xjj e`Z_k `dd\i[`\^c\`Z_\ee\Y\e\`eXe[\ic`\^\e 8YY% )*/ % ;`\ Gfj`k`fe dljj efZ_ e`Z_k \oXbk j\`e# [Xild bdd\ie J`\ j`Z_ Xcj eZ_jk\j Æ XZ_k\e J`\ XY\i [XiXl]# [Xjj [`\ M\ijZ_`\Yle^ `dd\i jZ_e _fi`qfe$ kXc \i]fc^k# G_fkfj_fgj ?`c]jc`e`\e _\c]\e @_e\e[XY\`% Eleqffd\eJ`\j`Z_Y`kk\a\n\`cjXe[`\ Qn`jZ_\eild\ _\iXe# le[ jZ_`\Y\e [`\ ?fcq]cZ_\e Xe `_i\ \e[^ck`^\ Gfj`k`fe% J`\ bee\e [Xql $ Y\` Xbk`m\d M\ijZ_`\$ Y\e$N\ibq\l^ le[eXZ_Bc`ZbXl][`\ql m\ijZ_`\Y\e[\=cZ_\$XlZ_[`\G]\`ckXj$ k\e m\in\e[\e 8YY% )*0 % N\ee J`\ [X$ d`k ]\ik`^ j`e[# Y\jZ_e\`[\e J`\ @_i 9`c[ d`k[\d=i\`jk\ccle^j$N\ibq\l^:#f_e\ Q`\cdX$Mfi^XY\e % MXi``\i\e J`\ Y`kk\ [`\ =cZ_\ebfejk\c$ cXk`fe efZ_ \`e n\e`^# `e[\d J`\ \`e`^\ [\i =cZ_\e jg`\^\ce Æ bc`Zb\e J`\ [\e ^\nejZ_k\e 9\i\`Z_ d`k [\d M\ijZ_`\$ Y\e$N\ibq\l^ Xe# ld [`\ \ekjgi\Z_\e$ [\
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)+'
)+)
^lk \j ^\_k Æ m\in\e[\e J`\ [Xql [`\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli# i j\cYjkm\ijke[c`Z_ n`\$ [\i Xcj <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ d`k \`e\i M\i$ cXl]jdXjb\% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ qleZ_jk [`\ fY\i\
)+(
(0'
)++
)+*
$ j\e J`\ qleZ_jk lem\ie[\ik 8YY% )+* Æ eXZ_ [\d Bc`Zb Xl] FB `jk @_i\ <`ejk\c$ cle^j\Y\e\ `ejkXcc`\ik# `_i\ DXjb\ jk\_k qli9\XiY\`kle^qliM\i]^le^% )+,
)+-
>i\`]\e J`\ ele qld M\icXl]jn\ibq\l^ ># 8YY% )++ # n_c\e Xcj Kpg [\e I\]c\b$ k`\ik\eM\icXl]8YY% )+, le[b\_i\e`_e ld# jf[Xjj \i d`k N\` jkXik\k le[ d`k JZ_nXiq \e[\k 8YY% )+-2 [Xj j\kqk eX$ kic`Z_ mfiXlj# [Xjj J`\ efZ_ `dd\i [\e JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl]`d<`ejXkq_XY\e % Q\`Z_e\e J`\ [Xee \`e\e M\icXl]jm\bkfi mfe[\i_\ccjk\eJk\cc\eXZ_fY\e#Y`jle$ ^\]_i[X_`e#nf[\iXl]^\_\cck\9\i\`Z_ Xl][\e?fcq]cZ_\e\e[\k8YY% )+. % )+.
)+/
Bc`Zb\e J`\ \`edXc d`k ^\[iZbk\i 8ck$ KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i <`e$ jk\ccle^j\Y\e\# ld [Xj
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(0(
)+0
),'
J`\[\ed`kkc\i\eI\^c\ilek\i[\d?`jkf$ ^iXddeXZ_i\Z_kj#\knXY`jql[\dN\ik '#.,8YY% )+0 % @d9`c[bee\eJ`\gXiXcc\cm\i]fc^\e#n`\ j`Z_ [`\ ?\cc`^b\`k Xl] [\e ?fcq]cZ_\e _fdf^\e`j`\ik% Jfcck\[Xj\jXdkY`c[ efZ_ \`e Y`jjZ_\e bfe$ kiXjki\`Z_\iql^\jkXck\eÆjk\cc\eJ`\[\e c`eb\e I\^c\i [\j ?`jkf^iXddj Xl] '#,'# [\ei\Z_k\eXl] )('8YY% ),( % ),)
J`\ Y\ek`^\e e\Y\e [\e <`eq\c]cZ_\e efZ_ \`e\ n\`k\i\ i\ [\j >\jXdkY`c[\j ql j\_\e `jk Æ [`\j\ Y\e$ k`^\e J`\ jgk\i Xcj ?`ek\i^ile[% =Xjj\e J`\ ql\ijk @_i\ Y`j_\i \ijk\cck\e ilgg\qljXdd\e#`e[\dJ`\j`\ dXib`\i\e 8YY% ),) # le[ [Xee Xlj [\d ilgg\ Xlj
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
),*
),(
(0)
),-
),+
;Xee [lgc`q`\i\e J`\ [`\j\ >ilgg\ ]i [Xj ?`ek\i^ile[Y`c[ >ilgg\ [lgc`q`\i\e Xlj [\d ^c\`Z_\e D\e# 8YY% ),+ % <`e\ [\i Y\`[\e >ilgg\e bee\e J`\ a\kqk Xl] \`e\ ilgg\ qljXdd\e]^\e#8YY% ),, %;`\e\l\
),,
JZ_`\Y\e J`\ a\kqk [`\ \`eq\ce\e =cZ_\e# [`\ efZ_ Xl] [\e ilgg\c`\^\e#d`k[\dM\ijZ_`\Y\e$ ),.
),/
N\ibq\l^ M qljXdd\e#jf[Xjj\jb\`e\e 8YjkXe[d\_iqn`jZ_\e@_e\e^`Yk%;Xd`k `jk[`\?`ek\i^ile[]cZ_\qnXi\knXjbc\`$ e\i#XcjJ`\j`\jgk\iY\ek`^\e#XY\i[Xj bee\e J`\ n_i\e[ [\i DfekX^\ [liZ_ JbXc`\i\eXlj^c\`Z_\e8YY% ),. % N\eeJ`\]\ik`^j`e[#]Xjj\eJ`\XlZ_[`\$ j\ ilgg\ qljXdd\e$ ]^\e8YY% ),/ Æ[`\e\l\
)-'
kifkq@_i\i9\XiY\`kle^n\`k\ifY\eÆ[i\$ _\eJ`\j`\ld(/'#[Xd`k[`\8l]_\ccle^ j`Z_ `d lek\i\e 9\i\`Z_ Y\]`e[\k# nf j`\ jgk\i`d9`c[e`Z_kjfXl]]Xcc\en`i[% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(0*
)-(
@_i\?fcqk\okli`jka\kqk]\ik`^le[bXee`e @_i^if\j9`c[\`e^\]^kn\i[\e%CXjj\e J`\ [`\ Xbkl\cc\ ;Xk\` [X_\i efZ_ ^\]]$ e\k% {]]e\e J`\ n`\[\i @_i\ ^if\ 9`c[[Xk\` e^Vg\ijgV\[`k%gj[le[[iZb\eJ`\jff]k = =#Y`jJ`\j`\`e[\iÙbcXjj`jZ_\eÈ=\ejk\i$ ;Xijk\ccle^ j\_\e% ;`\j\ Y\ek`^\e J`\# ld9`c[k\`c\mfe[\i\`e\e`e[`\Xe[\i\ ;Xk\`q`\_\eqlbee\e % 9i`e^\e J`\ @_i \Y\e Y\XiY\`k\k\j ?fcq$ 9`c[ `e [\e Mfi[\i^ile[ le[ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\`e[\i Xi[\ifY\ c`\^k 8YY% )-+ % 9\e\ee\e J`\ j`\ ld `e ?fcqMfie% )-+
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)-*
)-)
(0+
;X J`\ [`\ `dgfik`\ik\ ?fcqfY\i]cZ_\ eXkic`Z_ n`\[\i jbXc`\i\e le[ g\ijg\b$ b k`m`jZ_qli`Z_k\edjj\en`\@_i\D\kXcc$ K\okli #YiXlZ_\eJ`\XlZ_[`\?`c]jc`e`\e n`\[\i Æ Yc\e[\e J`\ j`\ qleZ_jk \`e 8ej`Z_k Æ <`eYc\e[\e $ ?`c]jc`e`\e f[\i bliqJKI>$# 8YY% )-, %
)-,
)--
M\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ @_i\ ?`c]jc`e`\e jf# [Xjj Xcc\n`Z_k`^\eXi[\ifY\e$ =cZ_\e dXib`\ik j`e[# jfnf_c [`\ [\i mfiec`\^\e[\eXcjXlZ_[\i?`ek\i^ile[$ ]cZ_\e8YY% )--l%)-. Æn\eeJ`\d\_i ?`c]jc`e`\eY\ek`^\e#q`\_\eJ`\j`Z_\`e$ ]XZ_n\cZ_\Xlj[\eC`e\Xc\e#[`\J`\d`k JKI>$I\`eYc\e[\e#\m\ekl\ccY\i]cjj`$ ^\ ?`c]jc`e`\e jZ_`\Y\e J`\ qliZb `e [`\ C`e\Xc\#jf[Xjjj`\m\ijZ_n`e[\e% ;X J`\ qli g\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ bfii\bk\e JbX$ c`\ile^@_i\?fcqk\okliY\i[\ej`Z_kYX$ i\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_ _`eXlj m\i^i\ie dj$ j\e#jfcck\eJ`\qleZ_jk[`\8iY\`kj]cZ_\ \in\`k\ie Æ m\in\e[\e J`\ [Xql n`\[\i [Xj =i\`jk\ccle^j$N\ibq\l^ : # d`k [\d J`\ \ijk \`e\e IX_d\e ld [Xj 9`c[ Xl]$ q`\_\e le[ [`\j\e [Xee eXZ_ c`ebj le[ i\Z_kjXlj\`eXe[\iq`\_\e8YY% )-/ % <`e;fgg\cbc`ZbYqn%[Xj;iZb\e[\i<e$ k\i$KXjk\jZ_c`\k[Xj>Xeq\XY%
)-.
)-/
G_fkfj_f j g`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(0,
)-0
).'
Ld]\jkqljk\cc\e#n`\^if[`\?fcqk\okli mfi[\dg\ijg\bk`m`jZ_\dM\iq\ii\ej\`e dljj# jfcck\e J`\ [`\ j\`kc`Z_ ]clZ_k\e$ [\eIe[\i[\i\ekjgi\Z_\e[\e9`c[k\`c\ eXZ_q\`Z_e\eÆ[XG_fkfj_fgelim\ik`$ bXc\ le[ _fi`qfekXc\ ?`c]c`e`\e XeY`\k\k# djj\e J`\ XY\idXcj qld Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$ N\ibq\l^ ^i\`]\eG#8YY% G )-0 % Bdd\ieJ`\j`Z_qleZ_jkld[`\]ifekXc j`Z_kYXi\=cZ_\`dMfi[\i^ile[Æq\`Z_$ e\eJ`\\`e\C`e`\mfe`_i\ifY\i\ei\Z_$ k\eXi[\if$ Y\e]ifek[Xijk\cck#le[[\dlek\i\e9`c[$ iXe[Æ[liZ_[\eJZ_e`kkglebk#[\e[`\j\ d`k `_i\i \Y\e ^\q\`Z_e\k\e =clZ_kc`e`\ Y`c[\k#c\^\eJ`\[Xee\`e\m\ik`bXc\?`c]j$ c`e`\8YY% ).( % M\i]X_i\e J`\ XeXcf^ Xl] [\i c`eb\e J\`$ k\Æ[XJ`\a\kqk@_i\elek\i\e8YjZ_cljj jZ_fe ]\jk^\c\^k _XY\e# q\`Z_e\e J`\ [`\ =clZ_kc`e`\eliY`jql[`\j\i_fi`qfekXc\e ?`c]jc`e`\8YY% ).) %
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
).)
).(
(0-
).*
>i\`]\e J`\ qld M\ijZ_`\Y\e$N\ibq\l^ M le[ Y\n\^\e le[ jbXc`\i\e J`\ [`\ `dgfik`\ik\ ?fcq]cZ_\ jf# [Xjj J`\ `e$ e\i_XcY [\i \Y\e gcXkq`\ik\e ?`c]jc`e`\e c`\^k8YY% ).*ÆY\`d8ebc`Zb\ed`k[\d M\ijZ_`\Y\e$N\ibq\l^ n`i[ XlkfdXk`jZ_ [`\$K Y\bfd$ d\eJ`\[`\D^c`Z_b\`k#[\e9`c[Y\i\`Z_ qljbXc`\i\e % JZ_c`\\eJ`\[\eKiXej]fidXk`fejgifq\jj XY\ie`Z_kXY#[XJ`\efZ_[`\g\ijg\bk`m`$ jZ_\ Bfii\bkli mfie\_d\e nfcc\e Æ ]Xccj J`\jZ_fe<ek\i^\[iZbkf[\i[fgg\ck^\$ bc`Zbk _XY\e jfcck\e# [iZb\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ efZ_\`edXcJKI>$K%K
).+
).,
).-
Bc`Zb\eJ`\a\kqkd`k[\ii\Z_k\eDXljkXj$ k\le[n_c\eJ`\Xlj[\dBfek\okd\e [`\Fgk`feG\ijg\bk`m`jZ_8YY% ).+ % Q`\_\eJ`\[Xee[\efY\i\ei\Z_k\eGlebk [\j9`c[i\Z_k\ZbjeXZ_c`ebjXe[`\i`Z_$ k`^\ Jk\cc\ Æ qffd\e J`\ j`Z_ _\iXe# ld ^\eXl\iXiY\`k\eqlbee\e% ;\i |Y\iYc`Zb q\`^k @_e\e# [Xjj J`\ c`ebj efZ_eXZ_XiY\`k\edjj\e8YY% )., % Qffd\eJ`\j`Z_a\kqk[fik_\iXe#bc`Zb\e J`\ d`k [\i i\Z_k\e DXljkXjk\# n_c\e J`\M\iq\ii\eXlj[\dBfek\okd\ele[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ [Xee [\e c`eb\e fY\i\e Glebk[\j9`c[k\`cj\e[^ck`^Xe[`\i`Z_$ k`^\Jk\cc\8YY% ).- %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(0.
Qffd\eJ`\Xe[`\D`kk\[\i>Xi[\ifY\e$ ]cZ_\ _\iXe 8YY% ).. Æ n`\ J`\ j\_\e# c`\^k [`\ d`kkc\i\ =l^\ e`Z_k \oXbk `e [\i D`kk\# [`\ [liZ_ \`e\ ?`c]jc`e`\ Xe^\q\`^k n`i[]XccjJ`\[fikb\`e\?`c]jc`e`\_XY\e# jZ_Xck\eJ`\@_i\?fcq$Xi[\ifY\e]cZ_\ _`eXlj ^\qf^\e _XY\e# \dg]`\_ck \j j`Z_# [Xj 9`c[qldJZ_cljjqldXjb`\i\e% Ql\ijk jZ_c`\\e J`\ [`\ KiXej]fidXk`fe [liZ_ ;fgg\cbc`Zb Yqn% ;iZb\e [\i I\$ klie$KXjk\XY#[Xeen_c\eJ`\[Xj Gfcp$ ^fe$CXjjfXljCYqn% J_`]k$C#8YY% ).0 % ÙQ\`Z_e\eÈ J`\ d`k `_d [`\ 9\^i\eqle^ [\i>Xi[\ifY\e$=cZ_\eXZ_ÆXdY\jk\e ^\_k [Xj# n\ee J`\ [`\ ?fcq$Xi[\ifY\ j`Z_kYXi cXjj\e 8YY% )/'2 [`\ 8ljnX_c `jk _`\i eXZ_ ;iZb\e mfe H Xcj DXjb\[Xi^\jk\cck %
)/'
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
).0
)..
)./
(0/
)/)
)/(
9c\e[\e J`\ [`\ Xi[\if$ Y\e]cZ_\ c`ebj Æ @_i\ ?`c]jc`e`\e _XY\e J`\ jZ_fe# XY\i [`\ =clZ_kc`e`\e# [`\ J`\ \Y\e ]i [`\ ]ifekXc c`\^\e[\ =cZ_\ ^\$ q\`Z_e\k _XY\e# jfcck\e J`\ m\ijZ_`\Y\e# n`\[\id`k[\d;`i\bkXljnX_c$N\ibq\l^ 8# 8YY% )/) % =i [\e fY\i\e 8YjZ_cljj djj\eJ`\d`k[\dQ\`Z_\ejk`]kG efZ_ \`e\e\l\q\`Z_e\e8YY% )/* % <`e bliq\i |Y\iYc`Zb Y\i [Xj [Xilek\i$ c`\^\e[\ 9`c[ Xlj @_i\i :88;$Q\`Z_ele^ q\`^k@_e\e#[Xjj[`\c`eb\>Xi[\ifY\e]c$ Z_\eli]e]=\c[\i\ek_ck#Xcjf[`\?c]k\ @_i\i?fcq$K\okli8YY% )/+ % @dgfik`\i\e J`\ qleZ_jk \`e n\`k\i\j DXc[`\
)/*
)/+
)/,
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
(00
)/-
kX`cV_fcq%gj[# jf n`\ J`\ \j n\`k\i fY\e jZ_fe \`edXc ^\dXZ_k _XY\e 8YY% )/,2 [Xql djj\e J`\ n`\[\i mfiY\i^\_\e[ @_i\ 9`c[\i `e [\i efidXc\e =\ejk\i$;Xi$ jk\ccle^j\_\eÆ[iZb\eJ`\[Xql^\^\$ Y\e\e]Xccjd\_idXcj = % ;iZb\eJ`\n`\[\iqn\`dXc =#ld@_i9`c[ = [\iEXk`feXc^Xc\i`\mfi[\d^iXl\e?`e$ k\i^ile[ ql j\_\e% N_c\e J`\ [Xee [`\ ?c]k\ [\i ]i`jZ_ `dgfik`\ik\e ?fcqk\okli d`k [\d 8ljnX_ci\Z_k\Zb$N\ibq\l^ Xlj D#8YY% )/- %8Z_k\eJ`\[XiXl]#[Xjj[\i kiXejgXi\ek\ Jki\`]\e Xe [\i c`eb\e J\`k\ mfccjke[`^ d`k Xlj^\n_ck `jk $ efk]Xccj qffd\e J`\ _\iXe le[ m\ijZ_`\Y\e @_i 8d\`j\ei\Z_k\Zbd`k_`c]\[\iG]\`ckXjk\e% CjZ_\eJ`\[Xee[\eXlj^\n_ck\eK\`c% 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ ]i [`\ e\l\ ?fcqk\okli [\e KiXej]fidXk`fejdf[lj JKI>$K le[ n_c\e eXZ_ I\Z_kjbc`Zb Xlj [\d Bfe$ k\okd\e [`\ Fgk`fe ;i\_\e 8YY% )/. % ;i\_\eJ`\[`\K\oklile[m\in\e[\eJ`\ [`\ J_`]k$KXjk\# [Xd`k [`\ ;i\_le^ \oXbk ld 0' \i]fc^k% M\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ [`\ K\o$ kli jf# [Xjj \`e\ `_i\i
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
)/.
)/0
)//
)''
)0'
)0(
>i\`]\eJ`\[Xee#XY\idXcjXlj[\dBfe$ k\okd\e# [Xj J`\ d`k \`e\d Bc`Zb [\i i\Z_k\e DXljkXjk\ \ii\`Z_\e# [`\ Fgk`fe G\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ 8YY% )0' le[ m\ijZ_`\$ Y\e[\efY\i\ei\Z_k\eGlebk@_i\j9`c[$ k\`cjj\ebi\Z_keXZ_lek\eXe[`\i`Z_k`^\ Jk\cc\% ;\e lek\i\e Glebk djj\e J`\ efZ_ \o$ kiXm\ijZ_`\Y\e#eXZ_8ljnX_c[\iFgk`fe M\iq\ii\e8YY% )0(l%)0) % 9c\e[\e J`\ ele [`\ ql\ijk gcXkq`\ik\ ?fcq]cZ_\\Y\e]Xccj\`ele[jZ_Xck\eJ`\ Y\`[\ e\l\e iX]`bc`\^k% ;`\=l^\ecX^\jk`ddke`Z_k^XeqY\i\`e# XY\i Xe [\i \`eq`^ bi`k`jZ_\e Jk\cc\# [\i D`kk\c]l^\ [\i ]ifekXc c`\^\e[\e =cZ_\# gXjjk\j8YY% )0* % 9\e\ee\eJ`\[`\e\l\i\Xi$ [\ifY\e]cZ_\e% Bdd\ie J`\ j`Z_ ql\ijk n`\[\i ld [`\ ]ifekXc c`\^\e[\ =cZ_\ Æ m\in\e[\e J`\
)0)
)0*
GG__fkkfj_f G_f G_fk fjj_f _ g` g `ee [\i \i 8iZ_` iZ_ iZ_`k Z__`k\bk k\bk k\bkli^i \bbbkkli^iX]`b X]`]`b `b
)'(
)0+
)0,
[`\ G]X[c`e`\e# [`\ J`\ jZ_fe ^\q\`Z_e\k _XY\e# m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\ \`e]XZ_ [`\ <e[$ glebk\d`k[\d ;`i\bkXljnX_c$N\ibq\l^ 8#8YY% )0, % 8l][\ic`eb\eJ\`k\djj\eJ`\[`\CX^\ [\i m\ik`bXc\e ?`c]jc`e`\ XegXjj\e# j`\ jfcck\ ^\eXl [liZ_ [\e JZ_e`kkglebk [\i lek\i\e _fi`qfekXc\e ?`c]jc`e`\ d`k @_i\i e\l\e=clZ_kc`e`\m\icXl]\e8YY% )0- % J`\ bee\e XlZ_ efZ_ [\e fY\i\e 8Y$ jZ_cljj[\ic`eb\e?`ek\i^ile[]cZ_\bc$ i\e# nf J`\ jZ_fe dXc [XY\` j`e[ Æ _`\i \e[\k[`\=cZ_\\`en\e`^fY\i_XcY[\j \`^\ekc`Z_\e 9`c[Y\i\`Z_j% ;Xj dXZ_k e`Z_kj Æ gcXkq`\i\e J`\ XY\i Xl] a\[\e =Xcc \`e\ _fi`qfekXc\ ?`c]jc`e`\ [liZ_ [\e JZ_e`kkglebk[\i=clZ_kc`e`\d`k[\ic`eb\e m\ik`bXc\e?`c]jc`e`\8YY% )0. %
)0-
@dgfik`\i\e J`\ ele [`\ ?fcqk\okli \`e [i`kk\jDXc#[`\jdXcXcc\i[`e^j#`e[\dJ`\ [`\
BXXg` BXg BBXg` Xgg`k\c k\\ccc''. '. .×:f :fd : :ffd :fd dggf gfj fjj` ffj` j`ee^ e^ e^X ^^XXl] Xll]]: ]::888; 88;$ 88;$ 8; ;$9X 9Xjj``j 9Xj 9Xj`
)0.
)')
)00
*''
;`\ e\l\
*'(
*')
8Z_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj @_i\ $K#ld[`\K\okli K `ej9`c[\`egXjj\eqlbee\e% EXZ_[\dJ`\\jXe[`\i`Z_k`^\Jk\cc\^\$ jZ_fY\e le[ Xl] [`\ i`Z_k`^\ >i\ ^\$ YiXZ_k_XY\e8YY% *'' #n_c\eJ`\Y`kk\ Xlj [\d KiXej]fidXk`fej$Bfek\okd\e [`\ Fgk`fe G\ijg\bk`m`jZ_ le[ m\ijZ_`\$ Y\e [\e fY\i\e i\Z_k\e Glebk Xe [`\ i`Z_k`^\Jk\cc\%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)'*
*'+
*'*
*',
;\e c`eb\e fY\i\e $K [i\_\e# m\i$ jZ_`\Y\ele[jbXc`\i\eJ`\j`\#Y`jj`\Xe *'.
BXXg` BXg` BXg Xgg k\c k\c \\cc''. ''.. .×:fdgfj :f ::fd ffd dggfj` gffj fj` fj` j`e^ e^^X e^X Xl]: l]]: l] :88;$ :88;$ 888;;;$$9Xj` 88; 88 9XXj` 9X 9Xj j`j `j
[\ii`Z_k`^\eJk\cc\`ee\i_XcY[\imfe@_$ e\egcXkq`\ik\e ?`c]jc`e`\ec`\^k8YY% *', % D`k[\eFgk`fe\e G\ijg\bk`m`jZ_8YY% *'le[ M\iq\ii\e8YY% *'. m\ijZ_`\Y\eJ`\ ql\ijk[\ei\Z_k\efY\i\e#[Xee[\ei\Z_$ k\elek\i\eGlebkXe[`\i`Z_k`^\Jk\cc\%
*'-
)'+
*'/
9c\e[\e J`\ a\kqk Xcc\ m`\i e\l\e ?fcq$ Xi[\ifY\Xlj% JZ_Xck\e J`\ XlZ_ Xcc\ Xe[\i\e 9`c[\Y\$ e\e\`e#ld\`edXc\`e\e|Y\iYc`ZbY\i [Xj mfe @_e\e >\c\`jk\k\ ql Y\bfdd\e 8YY% *'/ %
*'0
*('
9\mfi \j n\`k\i^\_k# Y\jZ_e\`[\e J`\ XY\i [Xj 9`c[ n`\[\i d`k [\d =i\`jk\c$ cle^j$N\ibq\l^: %9c\e[\eJ`\[`\C`e\$ Xc\d`kJKI>$IXljle[[`\?`c]jc`e`\ed`k JKI>$# 8YY% *'0 % ;`\ [i\` =fid\Y\e\e# [`\ Y\`d Q\`Z_e\e [\i =clZ_kc`e`\e d`k [\d Q\`Z_\ejk`]k$ N\ibq\l^ \ekjkXe[\e j`e[# YiXlZ_\e J`\ e`Z_kd\_iÆn_c\eJ`\j`\d`k^\[iZb$ b k\i J_`]k$KXjk\ Xlj 8YY% *(' le[ q`\_\e J`\ j`\ Xl] [\e GXg`\ibfiY [\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)',
*((
D\kXccfY\i]cZ_\e Y\i [\e ?fcq]cZ_\e c`\^\e# `jk j`eemfcc# e`Z_k XY\i# [Xjj [`\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli\e#[`\Xl]`_e\ec`\^\e# lej\i\?fcq]cZ_\eXl]_\cc\e%J`\beek\e [`\ \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e d`k \`e\i [\i D\kXcc$
BBXg` Xg k\c k\cc''. k\c '.× '.× . :fd :fd dggfj` gfj gf fjj`e^X ffj` e^^XXll]: l]] :88;$ ; 9Xj`j 99Xj` Xj` j`j
*()
[Xql [`\ Y\`[\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e ilgg\Xljilgg\ n_c\e J`\[\eEXd\e D\kXcc#[\eDf[lje[\ie J`\Xl] EfidXc8YY% *(* % EXZ_ 9\kk`^\e [\j FB$9lkkfej j\_\e J`\#n`\j`Z_[Xj9`c[m\ie[\ikÆ[`\D\$ kXccfY\i]cZ_\e j`e[ _\cc`^b\`kj[`]]\i\e$ q`\ikn`\qlmfi#XY\i[`\?fcq]cZ_\ej`e[ [lebc\i8YY% *(+ % *(*
)'-
<j ]]e\k j`Z_ [Xj ;`Xcf^]\c[# `e [\d J`\ \`e\e f[\i d\_i\i\ cfYXc\j C`Z_k m\in\e[\e# [Xd`k j`\ ]ia\[\
*(,
*(-
F]]\ej`Z_kc`Z_ `jk [`\ N`ible^ mfe <`e$ jk\ccle^j\Y\e\e Xl] [`\ 9`c[\Y\e\e Y\$ ^i\eqk# d`k [\e\e j`\ `e \`e\i >ilgg\ c`\^\e#n\ee[\i9c\e[df[lj[\i>ilgg\ Xl] EfidXcjk\_k%
*(.
*(/
9\mfi J`\ [`\ ?fcq$ilgg\ qljXdd\e]Xjj\e# nfcc\e n`i `_e\e efZ_ \`e\e ?\cc`^b\`kjm\icXl] qln\`j\e% FY\e[i\`e bee\e J`\ [`\ FY\i]cZ_\ d`k \`e\d \`e]XZ_\e Ki`Zb \k$ nXjgcXjk`jZ_\i^\jkXck\e#`e[\dJ`\[\e
[`\ >i\ n`\[\i Xl] )' Go Æ [`\ Xe[\$ i\e N\ik\ Y\cXjj\e J`\% @e [\i MfijZ_Xl j\_\e J`\ [Xj Xi[\ifY\e]ifekgcXjk`$ jZ_\i\ijZ_\`e\ecjjk% 9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FBle[jZ_Xl\eJ`\`e [\i Xeq\]i[`\c`eb\e ?fcq]cZ_\e% 9c\e[\e J`\ [`\j\ \`e le[ [`\ \Y\e Y\XiY\`k\k\e Xlj le[ bc`Zb\e [Xee [fgg\ck `e [\e <`ekiX^ [\i
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)'.
c\ n_c\e J`\ n`\[\i [\e JZ_cX^jZ_Xk$ k\e Xlj bc`Zb\e J`\ [`i\bk Xl] [Xj Nfik JZ_cX^jZ_Xkk\e le[jk\cc\eJ`\n`\\Y\e [\e 8YjkXe[Xl] )'Go# |Y\i]cc\eXl] *, Gole[[`\ >i\Xl] )'GoÆ[X[`\Fg$ k`fe >cfYXc\jC`Z_km\in\e[\e[\Xbk`m`\ik `jk Yqn% j\`e jfcck\ # bee\e J`\ a\kqk Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\ \`e\e Xe[\i\e N`eb\c \`e$ ^\Y\e#edc`Z_ $+,8YY% *(0 % 9\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ bcXgg\e J`\ XlZ_ a\kqk [\e <]]\bk\`ekiX^ `e [\i
*(0
J`\jgXi\ej`Z_8iY\`k#n\eeJ`\[`\Kfe$ n\ikbfii\bkli jZ_fe mfi [\d <`e]^\e [\jM\icXl]jXl]\`e\[\iY\`[\e?fcq]c$ Z_\eY\jZ_ieb\eÆe\_d\eJ`\j`Z_ql$ eZ_jk[`\]ifekXcc`\^\e[\=cZ_\mfi% Ld \`e\ Ù@ejkXekÈ$DXjb`\ile^ ]i @_i\ \ijk\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ qlY\bfdd\e#YiXlZ_\eJ`\\`e\8ljnX_c [\i mfi[\i\e ?fcq]cZ_\ Æ bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xql[\i<`e]XZ__\`k_XcY\id`k^\[iZb$ b k\i JKI>$KXjk\`e[`\
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*)' *))
*)(
)'/
@e [\i $KXjk\`e[`\DXj$ b\e$D`e`Xkli[\i<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\#nfi$ Xl]_`en`\[\i[`\\ekjgi\Z_\e[\8ljnX_c `d9`c[qlj\_\e`jk%
*)+
*)*
*), *)-
>i\`]\e J`\ qld M\icXl]jn\ibq\l^ ># 8YY% *)+ Æ \j jfcck\ `dd\i efZ_ [\i JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] Xlj^\n_ck j\`e# Xe[\ie]Xccjbc`Zb\eJ`\fY\e`e[\iFgk`$ fe\e$GXc\kk\ `e [`\ M\icXl]jd`e`Xkli# ld `_e n`\[\iql_fc\e% 8lZ_ jfcck\e J`\ [Xi$ Xl]XZ_k\e#[XjjXcjD\k_f[\[\iC`e\Xi\ M\icXl] Xlj^\n_ck `jk Xlj [\i bc\`e\e @Zfe$>ilgg\ i\Z_kj e\Y\e [\i M\icXl]j$ D`e`Xkli`e[\iFgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ le[[`\ Fgk`feLdb\_i\e[\Xbk`m`\ik`jk% Jf Æ [`\ 8ljnX_cXd\`j\e j`e[ `dd\i efZ_qlj\_\eÆq\`Z_e\eJ`\a\kqk`ee\i$ _XcY [`\j\i 8ljnX_c \`e\e j\ebi\Z_k\e JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] mfd fY\i\e IXe[ [\i 8ljnX_c Y`j ]Xjk qld lek\i\e% 8d Y\jk\e Y\\e[\e J`\ [\e M\icXl] efZ_ `d j`Z_kYXi\e 9\i\`Z_ [\i ?fcq]cZ_\# Xcjf bliqmfi[\dfY\i\eIXe[[\iD\kXcc]c$ Z_\8YY% *), %N`\J`\j\_\e#\ekjk\_k\`e bi]k`^\i ?\cc`^b\`kjm\icXl] Xl] [\i ?fcq$ ]cZ_\8YY% *)- % N`\[\i_fc\eJ`\[Xj>Xeq\]i[`\>Xi[\$ ifY\e]cZ_\e c`ebj% @_i\ \Y\e `ejkXcc`\ik\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$$KXjk\`e[`\D`e`Xkli[\i
G__ffkfj_f G_ G_fk fjj_fg gg`e `e[ e[ e[\i8 [\\i8 i 8iiZZZ_` __``k\bk k\b \bk bkkli^i ^ X]`b X]]`b `
)'0
*).
?`ek\i^ile[C`ebj8YY% *). #ld\`e\\ek$ jgi\Z_\e[\8ljnX_cql\iq\l^\e% GcXkq`\i\e J`\ \`e\ n\`k\i\ Kfen\ik$ bfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Xlj [\d <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e$D\e Xd lek\i\e IXe[[\i $ KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i e\l\e <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ 8YY% *)0 le[ q\`Z_$ e\e J`\ d`k [\d M\icXl]jn\ibq\l^ [Xj aX \`^\ekc`Z_ efZ_ Xbk`m j\`e jfcck\ \`$ e\eM\icXl]`enXX^i\Z_k\iI`Z_kle^mfd i\Z_k\eIXe[[\i8ljnX_cY`jbliqmfi`_$ i\ec`eb\eIXe[8YY% **' 2[`\jdXc\e[\e J`\ e`Z_k mfi [\i D\kXcc]cZ_\# jfe[\ie q\`Z_e\e [\e M\icXl] ce^\i# [Xd`k [\i ?\cc`^b\`kjm\icXl] Xl] [\i c`eb\e ql [\d Xl][\i]ifekXc\e>Xi[\ifY\e]cZ_\gXjjk% ;`\ c`eb\ =cZ_\ jfcck\ qld JZ_cljj efZ_ Xcc^\d\`e ^\^\eY\i [\i mfi[\i\e \k$ nXjXY^\[leb\ckn\i[\eÆgcXkq`\i\eJ`\ Xcjf\`e\[i`kk\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`ejk\c$ cle^j\Y\e\ Y\i [\e Y\`[\e Xe[\i\e# XY\i n_c\e J`\ mfi_\i efZ_ \`edXc [`\ c`eb\=cZ_\[liZ_ JKI>$Bc`ZbXl][`\D`$ e`Xkli mfe
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*)/
**(
*)0
**'
)('
**)
***
Jf# a\kqk _XY\e J`\ @_i\ >Xi[\ifY\ ql$ eZ_jk dXc ]\ik`^^\jk\cck# \j n`i[ Q\`k# XlZ_ _`\i \`e n\e`^ `e [\i ilgg\Xlj
**,
**-
;`\ >ilgg\ e\ee\e J`\ ?fcq# Xcj Df[lj Y\jk`dd\eJ`\n`\jZ_feY\`[\iD\kXcc$ >ilgg\EfidXc#[Xd`k[`\Kfen\ikbfii\b$ b kli j`Z_ eli `ee\i_XcY [\i >ilgg\ Xlj$ n`ibk8YY% **+ % 9c\e[\e J`\ il_`^ dXc [`\ Xe[\i\e 9`c[$ \Y\e\e\`eXl\iMfi[\i^ile[le[>Xi$ [\ifY\#8YY% **, #ldj`Z_\`e\e<`e[ilZb mfe @_i\e =fikjZ_i`kk\e `e 9\ql^ Xl] [Xj >\jXdkY`c[qlm\ijZ_X]]\e8YY% **- % 9\mfin`ilej[\i9\XiY\`kle^[\i;\Zb\ qln\e[\e# n\i[\e n`i efZ_ \`e\ CZb\ `dMfi[\i^ile[jZ_c`\\e#`e[\in`i[`\ =ifek\e qn\`\i Jkl]\e j\_\e j% <e[\i$ ^\Ye`j8YY% *,* % ;Xql_XY\`Z_qnXi\`e9`c[#[Xj`Z_j\`$ e\iq\`k Xlj Fi`^`eXc]fkfj qljXdd\e^\$ j\kqk _XY\ 8YY% **. # XY\i [X \j e`Z_k ^XeqgXjjk#_XY\`Z_d`i\icXlYk\`e\\`$
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)((
**.
**/
^\e\>iXe`kk\okliql^\e\i`\i\e#[`\J`\`e [\i ;Xk\` e^V^iXe`k%gj[ Y\nle[\ie be$ e\e8YY% **/ % JZ_Xl\e J`\ j`Z_ [`\j\ \`edXc `e Il_\ XeÆ[`\Z_XiXbk\i`jk`jZ_\Jk\`efY\i]cZ_\ `jkXcc\`ed`k_`c]\mfe=`ck\ie#[`\Xl]\`e\ \`e]XiY`^\ =cZ_\ Xe^\n\e[\k nli[\e# jfn`\ qn\` Bfii\bklin\ibq\l^\e Kfe$ n\ikbfii\bkli#i =XiYkfe&Jkk`^le^ \iq\l^k nfi[\e% QlfY\ijk c`\^k \`e\ $ < \iq\l^k le[ [`\ qld @dgfik `e lej\i 9`c[[`\e\en`i[% JZ_Xck\eJ`\dXcn`\[\ild`ebfem\ek`f$ e\cc\=\ejk\i[Xijk\ccle^`e[\dJ`\jff]k = [iZb\e# Y`j J`\ @_i\ 9`c[\i `e efidX$ c\e =\ejk\ie j\_\e le[ XZ_k\e J`\ [Xi$ Xl]#[Xjj[`\;Xk\`d`k[\i>iXe`kk\okli`d Mfi[\i^ile[`jk% Q`\_\e J`\ [Xee d`k [\i DXlj [`\ ilgg\ D\kXccle[Y\e\ee\ej`\`e >iXe`kld8YY% *+' % ;iZb\eJ`\ JKI>$Kle[m\ijZ_`\Y\ele[ jbXc`\i\eJ`\[\e>iXe`k]\kq\ejf#[Xjj\i ^\iX[\`e[\e8ljjZ_e`kkgXjjk8YY% *+( %
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*+'
*+(
**0
)()
*+)
*++
*+*
*+,
9c\e[\e J`\ C`e\Xc\ le[ ?`c]jc`e`\e \`e JKI>$I ]i [`\ C`e\Xc\# JKI>$# ]i [`\ ?`c]jc`e`\e# 8YY% *+) le[ c\^\e J`\ m\i$ k`bXc\ ?`c]jc`e`\e [liZ_ [`\ jgk\i\e Jkl$ ]\eie[\i% GcXkq`\i\e J`\ Y\i [\i iXe`k \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ 8YY% *+* # [\e d`kkc\i\e ?`jkf^iXdd$ I\^c\i ]i [\e BXeXc I>9 jk\cc\e J`\ Xl] '#,'8YY% *++ % >ilgg`\i\eJ`\[`\<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\le[ [`\[Xilek\ic`\^\e[\>iXe`k$
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)(*
*+.
*+-
[`\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli eli Xl] [`\ Jk\`e$ fY\i]cZ_\ n`ibk Æ XY\i e`Z_k# `e[\d J`\ \`e\ >ilgg\ [XiXlj dXZ_\e [Xj bfddk jgk\i #jfe[\ieqleZ_jk#`e[\dJ`\[\e 9\]\_c JZ_e`kkdXjb\ \ijk\cc\e Xlj [\d
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*+/
*,'
A\kqk ^i\`]\e J`\ qld n`\[\i_fck\e DXc qld M\icXl]jn\ibq\l^>#8YY% *,' Æ[\i JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] jfcck\ `dd\i efZ_ Xlj^\n_ckj\`e#\Y\ejf[`\Fgk`fe C`e\$ Xi\i M\icXl] `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\% ;`\ Fgk`fe Ldb\_i\ejfcck\[\Xbk`m`\ikj\`e% Q\`Z_e\e J`\ ele \`e\e nXX^i\Z_k\e M\icXl] mfe [\i c`eb\e qli i\Z_k\e 8lj$ nX_cY\^i\eqle^ 8YY% *,( % N`\[\i_fc\e J`\[Xj>Xeq\]i[`\c`ebjc`\^\e[\Jkl$ ]\ 8ljnX_c Xl]q`\_\e# M\icXl] q\`Z_e\e # XY\iq\`Z_e\eJ`\[\eM\icXl]Xlj^\_\e[ mfe [\i c`eb\e 8ljnX_cY\^i\eqle^ ^\$ eXljfn\`keXZ_i\Z_kjn`\Y\`[\i\ijk\e Jkl]\#Y\i[`\i\Z_k\8ljnX_cY\^i\eqle^ _`eXlj8YY% *,) % *,(
*,)
*+0
)(+
*,*
$ cle^j]\c[]i[`\Kfen\ikbfii\bkli#`e[\d J`\ Xl] [Xj @Zfe [\i <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ [fgg\ckbc`Zb\eÆ]i[\eI>9$BXeXcjk\c$ c\e J`\ [\e c`eb\e N\ik Xl] ,' le[ [\e d`kkc\i\eXl]'#*,8YY% *,* #]i[\e>ie$ BXeXcjk\cc\eJ`\[\eD`kk\cn\ikXl]'#0'# ld [\e >iejk`Z_ [\i >iXe`kk\okli \knXj XYqljZ_nZ_\e8YY% *,+ % ?\Y\e J`\ [`\ >ilgg`\ile^ mfe >iXe`k$ le[ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ Xl]# `e[\d J`\ XY\idXcjd`k^\[iZbk\i8ck$KXjk\Xl][`\ C`e`\qn`jZ_\e[\eY\`[\eilgg\ Xlj ilgg\[\eEXd\e >iXe`kle[jk\cc\e[\eilgg\Y\]`e[\k %
*,+
*,-
*,.
*,,
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)(,
*,0
*,/
Ld efZ_ \`e Y`jjZ_\e d\_i `e [\i Xi[\ifY\ Xlj [`\ qn\`k\ d`k ^\[iZb$ b k\i J_`]k$KXjk\#8YY% *,/ le[]Xjj\eXlZ_ [`\j\Y\`[\eql\`e\i>ilgg\qljXdd\e# [`\J`\ :88;e\ee\e8YY% *,0 le[^Xeq eXZ_ lek\e `e [\i \ce[\i`dMfi$ [\i^ile[2[X[`\;\Zb\XY\in\`k`d?`e$ k\i^ile[ c`\^k# Y\ek`^\e J`\ [X]i b\`e\ Y\jfe[\i\Jkilbkli#\ji\`Z_k#j`\jZ_nXiq Yqn%^iXlql]iY\e% 9c\e[\eJ`\qleZ_jkdXcXcc\[`\i`[ \`e 8YY% *-( $ [Xj 9`c[ jZ_`cc\ik efZ_ `e [\e=XiY\e[\i:88;$;Xk\`% *-(
BXg` Xg k\c'.×:fd f gfj` fj`e^X e^Xl]:888;$9Xj``j
*-'
)(-
*-)
*-*
*-+
8bk`m`\i\eJ`\Xcc\[i\`8YY% *-) le[]Xj$ j\e J`\ j`\ ql \`e\i >ilgg\ qljXdd\e 8YY% *-* % ;`\ e\l\ >ilgg\ e\ee\e J`\ ;XZ_&=XjjX[\# [\e 9c\e[df[lj jk\cc\e J`\n`\[\i\`edXcXl]EfidXc8YY% *-+ % ?Xck\e J`\ [`\ >ilgg\ `e [\i
*--
*-,
*-.
*-/
GcXkq`\i\e J`\ ele \`e\ n\`k\i\ <`ejk\c$ cle^j\Y\e\ ]i \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli 8YY% *-. % ;\e c`eb\e I\^c\i [\j ?`jkf$ ^iXddjjk\cc\eJ`\Xl][\eN\ik,'#[\e d`kkc\i\eXl]'#,'8YY% *-/ %>ile[jkqc`Z_ `jk [Xd`k @_i\ ;XZ_$ le[ =XjjX[\ebfe$ jkilbk`fejfXY^\[leb\ck#[Xjj`_i?\cc`^$ b\`kjjg\bkild ql [\d [\j >\ce[\ij `d Mfi[\i^ile[ gXjjk Æ nXj n`i XY\i efZ_ ^\ie_kk\e#`jk\`e?\cc`^b\`kjm\icXl]Xl] [\e Lek\ij`Z_kj]cZ_\e [\j ;XZ_\j# [\i mfe [\i c`eb\e J\`k\ _\cc Y`j ^Xeq eXZ_ i\Z_kj#qliIXldd`kk\#i\`Z_k[leb\c %
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)(.
*-0
*.'
*.(
$ dXc jk\l\ie ql bee\e# n\i[\e J`\ qn\` n\`k\i\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$ilgg\ le[ n_c\e \`e\ n\`k\i\ Kfen\ikbfii\b$ kli Xlj [\d <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\e$D\e [\i
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*.)
*.+
*.*
)(/
*..
9\e\ee\e J`\ qli Y\jj\i\e Fi`\ek`\ile^ [`\ fY\i\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ d`k ;XZ_ ;leb\c# [`\ [Xilek\ic`\^\e[\ d`k ;XZ_ ?\cc%
*.,
*.-
Ele ql [\e M\icl]\e1 9c\e[\e J`\ [`\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ ;XZ_ ;leb\c qleZ_jk \`edXc Xlj le[ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ ;XZ_ ?\cc% Bc`Zb\e J`\ d`k ^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli [\i
># 8YY% *.-2 \j jfcck\ `dd\i efZ_ \`e\e JZ_nXiq$N\`$M\icXl] XeY`\k\e le[ q\`Z_e\e \`e\ nXX^i\Z_k\ C`e`\ mfd i\Z_k\e qld c`eb\e IXe[ [\i 8ljnX_c 8YY% *.. % A\kqk _XY\e J`\ jZ_fe \`edXc \`e\eM\icXl]mfe^Xeq_\ccXl][\ic`eb\e J\`k\ _`e qli EfidXc$?\cc`^b\`k Xl] [\i i\Z_k\eJ\`k\% 8bk`m`\i\eJ`\a\kqk[`\<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ ;XZ_ ;leb\c Æ @_i\ 8ljnX_c jfcck\ efZ_ Y\jk\_\e#n\eee`Z_k#bc`Zb\eJ`\a\kqkd`k ^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\ `e [`\ DXjb\ed`$ e`Xkli[\i
*.0
Eleq\`Z_e\eJ`\d`k[\d M\icXl]jn\ib$ q\l^# [Xj `dd\i efZ_ Xbk`m j\`e jfcck\# \`e\ nXX^i\Z_k\ C`e`\ mfd c`eb\e qld i\Z_k\eIXe[[\i8ljnX_c8YY% *.0 %
*./
9c\e[\e J`\ [`\ Mfi[\i^ile[$iXe`k# ?fcq le[ Y\igi]\e J`\# n`\ j`Z_ [`\ ;XZ_$ le[=XjjX[\ebfejkilbk`fe`e[Xj>\jXdk$ Y`c[\`e]^k8YY% */' % JZ_Xl\e J`\ efZ_ \`edXc `e [`\
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)(0
*/'
[`\j\ >ilgg\ m\i]iXZ_k\e% Q`\_\e J`\ j`\ \`e]XZ_ d`k [\i DXlj eXZ_ fY\e# [Xee ]^k j`\ j`Z_ XlkfdXk`jZ_ `e [`\ >ilgg\ \`e 8YY% */( % JZ_`\Y\e J`\ j`\ lek\i [`\
BXg`k\c'.×:fdgfj`e^Xl]:88;$9Xj`j
*/*
*/(
*/)
))'
\`e\ Jg`\^\cle^ Xl] `_e\e j`dlc`\i\e% ;XY\` _Xe[\ck \j j`Z_ ld b\`e\ \oXbk\ ^\fd\ki`jZ_\ Bfejkilbk`fe# jfe[\ie ld \`e\ le^\]_i\ 8ee_\ile^ Xe [\e i\$ Xc\e <]]\bk% ;XY\` n\i[\e `ejY\jfe[\i\ efZ_ \`edXc 9`c[kiXej]fidXk`fe\e# DXj$ b\e le[ [\i 9c\e[df[lj [\i Y\k\`c`^k\e
*/+
Bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xee d`k [\d N\ibq\l^ `e \`e\ [\i bi\`jile[\e =cZ_\e le[ [i$ Zb\eJ`\ J_`]k$9XZbjgXZ\#ldqld =cZ_\ ]cc\e$;`Xcf^qlbfdd\e%M\in\e[\eJ`\ N\` 8YY% */+ # Y\jkk`^\e J`\ d`k FB le[ [`\ =XiY\ @_i\i C\lZ_k\e gXjjk j`Z_ \ekjgi\Z_\e[Xe8YY% */, % N`in\i[\elejqldJZ_cljjld[`\>cXj$ ]cZ_\ebdd\ie#[`\qldK\`c`ed\_i\$ i\e cXj_Xe[\ck#n\i[\en`i
9c\e[\eJ`\ql\ijk\`edXcXcc\iXe`k# D\kXcc % 8bk`m`\i\e J`\ [`\ fY\ijk\[`\j\i>ilgg\eD\kXcc le[[i$ Zb\e [Xee J_`]k$8ck$JKI>$<% ;Xd`k n`i[ \`e\ $<#8YY% */- % Q`\_\e J`\ [`\j\ e\l\
*/,
*/-
*/.
*//
*/0
))(
Bfg`\ ql \iq\l^\e% A\kqk _XY\e J`\ qn\` e\l\ c\`Z_\ q\`$ ^\e8YY% */. %8lj`_e\en\i[\eJ`\[Xj Jg`\^\cY`c[ ]i [`\ mfie c`\^\e[\e >cXj$ ]cZ_\e[\jKi\gg\e^\ce[\ij\iq\l^\e% Jk\cc\e J`\ qleZ_jk [\e 9c\e[df[lj Y\`[\i $K# K ld [\e @e_Xck [`\$ j\i
*0'
bfg`\i\e jk\_\e le[ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ j`\ 8YY% *0( % EXZ_[\d J`\ d`k JKI>$K [\e KiXej]fi$ dXk`fejdf[lj ^\jkXik\k _XY\e# n_c\e J`\Xlj[\dI\Z_kjbc`Zb$Bfek\okd\eqli 8Yn\Z_jcle^[\e9\]\_c M\ik`bXcjg`\^\ce 8YY% *0) % ;Xj
*0(
*0)
)))
I\^\ceJ`\[`\;\ZbbiX]k\`e\i[\iY\`[\e cXj]cZ_\e ql ]Xb\e# J`\ djj\e \j eli efZ_ \`e n\e`^ ]\`ekle\e le[ mfi Xcc\d dXjb`\i\e% QleZ_jk]Xjj\eJ`\[`\Y\`[\eilgg\ qljXdd\e $ Xbk`m`\i\e J`\ ql\ijk Y\`[\ Bc`Zb d`k ^\[iZbk\i J_`]k$ KXjk\ le[n_c\e[Xee[\e9\]\_cE\l\ >ilgg\ Xlj \Y\e J`\ [\i >ilgg\ [\e EXd\e >cXj mfie#`_i\e9c\e[df[ljY\cXjj\eJ`\ql$ eZ_jkY\`?`e[liZ_n`ib\e8YY% *0- %
*0+
*0,
*0-
*0/
A\kqk dXjb`\i\e J`\ [`\ $KXjk\Xl] [`\ D`e`Xkli [\i cXj mfie [`\j\ dljj [Xql n\[\i \`e^\Yc\e[\k efZ_ Xb$ b k`m`\ik j\`e# 8YY% *0. % <j \ijZ_\`e\e [`\ m\ikiXlk\e8ljnX_c$8d\`j\e% 9\XZ_k\eJ`\#[Xjj@_i\e\l\cXjmfieXbk`m`\ik`jkle[bc`Zb\eJ`\ Xdlek\i\eIXe[[\iilgg\i\^\ce% Jk\cc\e J`\ [`\j\e Xl] C`e\Xi XYn\[\ce 8YY% +'' # i\[lq`\i\e [`\ ;\ZbbiX]k [\i >ilgg\Xl],'le[Yc\e[\e[`\[Xile$ k\ic`\^\e[\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
))*
*00
+''
BXg BBXg` BX XXg` g k\c \cc'. '.× '. .×::fd :f ggf gfj` fj` j`e^ ee^^XXl]: ll]] :888; 888;$ 88;$ 8;;$ ; 9Xj 9Xj` 9X Xj` j`j
))+
+'(
9\mfi J`\ d`k [\d =\`ekle`e^ Y\^`ee\e# djj\eJ`\efZ_[`\Jg`\^\cY`c[\i]i[`\ Xe[\i\e >cXj]cZ_\e \ijk\cc\e# d`e[\j$ k\ej ]i [`\a\e`^\e# [`\ J`\ Xl] [\e cXjKi\gg\_`ek\ele[>cXj=XjjX[\ j\_\e% ;\i <`e]XZ__\`k _XcY\i bfg`\i\e J`\ [Xj# nXjJ`\Y`j_\iql[\dK_\dXgif[lq`\ik _XY\e$@_i\\Y\e\ijk\cck\>ilgg\$#`e$ [\d J`\ [`\j\ qn\`dXc Xl] [\e 9lkkfe E\l\ cXjKi\gg\_`e$ k\ele[>cXj=XjjX[\ le[q`\_\eJ`\[`\ DXjb\e$D`e`Xkli\e [\i bfg`\ik\e
+')
Ld [`\ cXjKi\gg\_`ek\eqldXjb`\i\e#bc`Zb\e J`\d`k^\[iZbk\i JKI>$KXjk\`e[`\9`c[$ d`e`Xkli [\i Xlj^\Yc\e[\k\e cXj Ki\gg\ _`ek\e 8YY% +') $ \j \ijZ_\`e\e n`\[\i[`\efkfi`jZ_\e8d\`j\e%
+'*
+',
+'+
+'-
9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj @_i\ cXj Ki\gg\ _`ek\e Xbk`m`\ik `jk le[ bc`$ Zb\e J`\ Xl] [\e 9lkkfe DXjb\ _`eql]$ ^\eXdlek\i\eIXe[[\i cXj =XjjX[\# [\i\e DXjb\ J`\ j`Z_ cf^`jZ_\in\`j\ mfe [\i Xlj^\Yc\e[\k\e cXj=XjjX[\_fc\e% Ele ql [\e Bfii\bkli\e# [`\ n`i efZ_ mfie\_d\e nfcc\e $ bcXgg\e J`\ `e [\i ilgg\ >cXj mfie Xl] le[i\[lq`\i\eJ`\[`\;\ZbbiX]k[\ile$ k\i\e 9`c[\Y\e\ Xl] ), 8YY% +'+ % ;`\ ;\ZbbiX]k [\i fY\i\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)),
;`\;\ZbbiX]k[\i>ilgg\ >cXjKi\gg\_`e$ k\ei\[lq`\i\eJ`\Xl] ('#[`\[\i>ilg$ g\ >cXj =XjjX[\ \i__\e J`\ Xl] ., 8YY% +'- % GifY`\i\eJ`\XlZ_il_`^j\cYjk\`en\e`^ _\ildd`k[\e;\ZbbiX]kn\ik\e% ;\i Jg`\^\cle^j\]]\bk `jk ^Xeq FB ^\$ iXk\e $ nXj d`kkc\in\`c\ \knXj jkik# `jk [\i bi]k`^\ =XiYkfe [\i ?fcq]cZ_\e 8YY% +'. % ;\d n\i[\e n`i qld JZ_cljj efZ_ XY_\c]\e# d`k \`e\i =XiYkfe&Jkk`$ ^le^j$Bfii\bkli `e [\i
+'.
BcXgg\e J`\ [`\j\ Xl]# Xbk`m`\i\e [`\ fY\ijk\iX]`b bfdd\e le[ [XY\` q`\dc`Z_ ^lk\ |Yle^ `d Ld$ ^Xe^ d`k G_fkfj_fgj n`Z_k`^jk\e N\ib$ b q\l^\eY\bfdd\e%
BXg`k\c BXg` k\c \c '. '. ×:fd '.× :fd dggffj` fj`e^ e^Xl]: e^X ll] :88;$ 8 $9Xj` 9Xj` Xj`j j`j
+('
+'/
+'0
))-
(
'/
FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli @e [`\j\d BXg`k\c n`cc `Z_ qld JZ_cljj# le[`eBiq\#Xl]\`ekpg`jZ_\jBfii\bkli$ m\i]X_i\e]i;`^`kXc]fkfj\`e^\_\e% @dGi`eq`g^\_k\j\`e]XZ_[Xild#>\fd\$ ki`\]\_c\i ql Y\j\`k`^\e jfn`\ =XiY\ le[ BfekiXjk[\j9`c[\jqlm\iY\jj\ie<e[\i$ ^\Ye`jj% 8YY% ) %
=\ejk\i#`e[\dJ`\\ijk\9`c[bfii\bkli\e mfie\_d\ebee\e8YY% * % NXj [`\j\ Xe^\_k# n\i[\e n`i lej Xe [`\j\i Jk\cc\ Xl] \`e D`e`dld Y\jZ_ie$ b\e# [X n`i [`\ n\j\ekc`Z_\e I\gXiXkli$
@d Xbkl\cc\e =Xcc _Xe[\ck \j j`Z_ ld \`e =fkf# [Xj d`k \`e\i E`bfe$BXd\iX `d I8N$=fidXk\ijk\ccknli[\% Ni[\\jj`Z_ld\`eefidXc\j K@==$f[\i ^Xi AG<>$9`c[ _Xe[\ce# ni[\ c\[`^c`Z_ [\i\ijk\JZ_i`kk\ek]Xcc\e#nfG_fkfj_fg \j@_e\e\icXlYk#m\icljk]i\`\Bfii\bkli\e XdI8N$9`c[mfiqle\_d\ej% BXg%'( % 8cjf Æ ]]e\e J`\ Y`kk\ [Xj 9`c[ d`k [\d EXd\e gjX^V'/VjkXik%E<=# = n\cZ_\j n`\ ^\jX^kd`k\`e\iE`bfe]fkf^iX]`\iknli[\ 8YY% ( % ;X \j j`Z_ ld \`e I8N$=fidXk _Xe[\ck# ]]e\k j`Z_ `e G_fkfj_fg qleZ_jk \`e
G_fk G_ fkffjj_f j_f _fg fg `e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)).
)
XiY\`k\ec`\Y\id`kG_fkfj_fgjm\ikiXlk\e N\ibq\l^\emfie\_d\enfcc\e% ;`\ mfi\`e^\jk\cck\e N\ik\ e[\ie J`\ Y`kk\n`\]fc^k1 *
BXg`k\c'/×FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
N\`jjXY^c\`Z_KX^\jc`Z_k#9\c`Z_kle^"(#''# I\gXiXkli (' Æ [`\ i\jkc`Z_\e N\ik\ be$ e\eJ`\Y\cXjj\e% Bc`Zb\e J`\ [Xee Xl] [\e 9lkkfe FYa\bk ]]e\e8YY% + % +
))/
Y`^b\`k [\j 9`c[\j `jk mfi Xcc\d [`\ 9`c[$ ^\fd\ki`\gifYc\dXk`jZ_Æ[`\M\ik`bXc\e bfem\i^`\i\e bi]k`^# [X [`\ BXd\iX jZ_i^ ^\_Xck\e nli[\# Xl\i[\d j`e[ [`\ >\iX[\e qld 9`c[iXe[ _`e c\`Z_k m\i$ biddk% C\kqk\i\i <]]\bk bXee Yi`^\ej Y\`jZ_c\Z_k\i\eFYa\bk`m\eefZ_n\j\ek$ c`Z_jkib\iXl]ki\k\e%
,
N\ee[Xj9`c[^XeqefidXc`eG_fkfj_fg ^\]]e\kmfic`\^k#bfg`\i\eJ`\qlXcc\i\ijk [`\ ?`ek\i^ile[\Y\e\ d`k JKI>$A nXj [\d D\eY\]\_c E\l Æ
;`\ ^\fd\ki`jZ_\ Bfii\bkli n\i[\e n`i d`k \`e\d =`ck\i Y\jfi^\e# Xcjf n\i[\e n`in`\[\imfeG_fkfj_fgj 8e^\Yfk>\$ YiXlZ_ dXZ_\e# [Xj ^Xeq\ m\icljk]i\` `e \`e\iJdXik$
.
G_ffkkfj G_ fj_f _fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
))0
J`\ [`\j\ =lebk`fe ]k\i Y\ek`^\e# be$ e\e J`\ j`Z_ XlZ_ [\e BliqY\]\_c 8ck$ JKI>$Jd\ib\e % J`\ \ib\ee\e Xe [\i c\`Z_k m\ie[\ik\e i\`]\e J`\ ele qld M\iq\iile^j]`ck\i FYa\bk`mbfii\bkli Xlj [\d =`ck\i$D\e 8YY% . % @d<`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\ij\_\eJ`\qleZ_jk n`\[\i@_i9`c[#Xl][\ii\Z_k\eJ\`k\be$ e\e J`\ <`ejk\ccle^\e qli I\gXiXkli [\j >Xeq\emfie\_d\e% @Z_ \dg]\_c\ @_e\e# ql\ijk [Xj IXjk\i XljqlYc\e[\e# [liZ_ ;\Xbk`m`\i\e [\i \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e Fgk`fe Xd lek\i\e =\e$ jk\iiXe[8YY% / % 0
BXg`k\c'/×FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
/
;Xee bfii`^`\i\e J`\ Y`kk\ ]fc^\e[\ N\i$ k\1M\iq\iile^\ek]\ie\e")#''#M\ik`bXc\ G\ijg\bk`m\Æ*'#N`eb\cÆ(#+,8YY% 0 % N`\J`\`e[\iMfijZ_Xlc`ebjj\_\e#m\i$ e[\ik j`Z_ @_i 9`c[ \ekjgi\Z_\e[% 9\jk$ k`^\eJ`\d`k FB%
)*'
('
9c\e[\eJ`\ele@_i\lek\i\?`ek\i^ile[$
Xlj :# 8YY% (( le[ XZ_k\e J`\ [XiXl]# [Xjj fY\e `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ b\`e\ Q`\cn\ik\]i 9i\`k\le[ ?_\mfi^\^\Y\e j`e[ Æ efk]Xccj bc`Zb\e J`\ [\e CjZ_\e$ 9lkkfe ^Xeq i\Z_kj `e [\i Fgk`fe\e$GX$ c\kk\% Q`\_\e J`\ d`k [\d N\ibq\l^ \`e\e
()
((
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)*(
IX_d\e `ee\i_XcY [\j j`Z_kYXi\e 9`c[$ Y\i\`Z_j Xl]% J`\ bee\e [Xj qleZ_jk ^Xeq^ifYdXZ_\ele[[\eIX_d\e[Xee [liZ_Q`\_\eXe[\e8e]Xjj\ieXegXjj\e 8YY% () % ;\eb\e J`\ [iXe# [Xjj G_fkfj_fg j`Z_ ^\ie Xd IX_d\e [\j 9`c[]\ejk\ij le[ d`kkc\in\`c\XlZ_Xe9`c[Y\i\`Z_j^i\eq\e \`e]e^k Æ n\ee J`\ [Xj jkik# [iZb\e J`\ Y\`d 8egXjj\e [`\ :KIC$KXjk\# [Xee `jk[`\=Xe^]lebk`fe[\Xbk`m`\ik% N\ee [\i IX_d\e jk`ddk# [iZb\e J`\ I\klief[\ibc`Zb\eJ`\[fgg\ck`ee\i_XcY [\j IX_d\ej# [Xee n`i[ [Xj 9`c[ ]i\`^\$ jk\cck% A\kqk# nf [`\ ^\fd\ki`jZ_\ 9`c[bfii\b$ b kliXY^\jZ_cfjj\e`jk#bdd\ieJ`\j`Z_ ld [`\ ?\cc`^b\`kjbfii\bkli le[ M\iY\j$ j\ile^[\jBfekiXjkj`d9`c[Æ\jnli[\ d`kkX^j Y\` bi]k`^\d Jfee\ejZ_\`e Xl]$ ^\efdd\e# Xcjf e`Z_k lek\i `[\Xc\e 9\$ c\lZ_kle^jY\[`e^le^\e% =^\e J`\ qleZ_jk \`e\ Kfen\ikbfii\b$ kli$<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\\`eÆY\XZ_k\eJ`\# [Xjj @_i\ fY\i\
BXg`k\c'/×FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
(+
bc`Zb\e J`\ Xl] [\e \ekjgi\Z_\e[\e 9lk$ kfeXdlek\i\eIXe[[\i
)*)
(/
;X [`\ NXe[ `d Mfi[\i^ile[ le[ [`\ ?XljnXe[ n\`k\i _`ek\e c`ebj `d >\^\e$ c`Z_kc`\^\e#`jk\jj`eemfcc#[`\j\e9\i\`Z_ qljkqc`Z_Xl]ql_\cc\e% ;Xql n\i[\e J`\ \`e\ n\`k\i\ Kfen\ik$ bfii\bklimfie\_d\ele[qnXin`\[\i`e >\jkXck\`e\i<`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\#[`\Xcc\i$ [`e^j`d^\jXdk\e9`c[Y\i\`Z_Xl\i_XcY [\ibi`k`jZ_\e=cZ_\edXjb`\ik`jk% Ld [`\ DXjb`\ile^ mfiqlY\i\`k\e# n\i$ (.
(0
[\eJ`\a\kqkd`k[\d Gfcp^fe$CXjjf[\e bi`k`jZ_\e9\i\`Z_qleZ_jkXljn_c\e% >i\`]\e J`\ Xcjf qld Gfcp^fe$CXjjf C Yqn% J_`]k$C# 8YY% (. le[ q\`Z_e\e J`\ bc`Zbn\`j\ \`e\ \ekjgi\Z_\e[\ 8ljnX_c 8YY% (/2 [\i ;\lkc`Z_b\`k _XcY\i `jk _`\i [`\ 8ljnX_c `d DXjb\e$Df[lj [Xi^\$ jk\cck#eXZ_;iZb\emfe H % M\i^\jj\e J`\ e`Z_k# [Xjj J`\ j`Z_ n_$ i\e[ [\j Q\`Z_e\ej d`k_`c]\ mfe JKI>$ C\\ikXjk\ `e [Xj 9`c[ _`e\`e le[ d`k 8ck$ JKI>$C\\ikXjk\_`eXljqffd\ebee\e% 8d Y\jk\e cjjk j`Z_ [Xj CXjjf m\in\e$ [\e# n\ee J`\ [Xj 9`c[ `d jf^\eXeek\e MfccY`c[df[lj d`k D\ec\`jk\ 8ej`Z_kj$ D\e1 9`c[jZ_`iddf[lj j\_\e% N\ee@_i\8ljnX_c]\ik`^`jk#bee\eJ`\ [`\ e\l\ Kfen\ikbfii\bkli$<`ejk\ccle^j\$ Y\e\\`e]^\e%;Xqljfcck\eJ`\@_i\8lj$ nX_cXY\ie`Z_k`dDXjb\e$Df[ljj\_\e# jfe[\ie`eÙ8d\`j\eÈ$=fid%
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)**
9\XZ_k\e J`\# [Xjj @_i\ \ijk\ <`ejk\c$ cle^j\Y\e\Xbk`m`jkle[n_c\eJ`\\`e\ n\`k\i\Xlj[\d^c\`Z_\eD\en`\\Y\e 8YY% (0 % @d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i jk\cc\e J`\ [\e N\`i\^c\i Xl] )+' [Xd`k n\i[\e [`\ _\cc\eJk\cc\e`dMfi[\i^ile[Xl]^\_\cck# 8YY% )' le[ [\e D`kk\cn\ik m\ijZ_`\Y\e J`\eXZ_c`ebj#Y`j[\iN\ik (#*'Xe^\q\`^k n`i[ [Xd`k n`i[ [\i Mfi[\i^ile[ `ej^\$ jXdk_\cc\i %9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB% N_i\e[@_i\iBfii\bkli#le[jgk\jk\ej Y\`d9c`Zb`e[`\ iXlXek\`c`ee\i_XcY[\j Ifk$Jg\bkildj [\j 9`c[\j i\[lq`\ik% 9\$ jkk`^\eJ`\d`kFB% ))
BXg`k\c'/×FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
)'
)*
)(
)*+
)+
N`\ J`\ `d 9`c[ j\_\e bee\e# `jk eXZ_ [`\j\i =XiYXl]]i`jZ_le^ [\i =XjjX[\e XlZ_ [`\ JkiX\efY\i]cZ_\ ikc`Z_\i ^\nfi[\e Æ ]i [\e 9`c[bfekiXjk ni\ \j XY\i ^lk# n\ee [`\j\i =XiYjk`Z_ n`\$ [\i\ek]\iekni[\#nXj]i\`e\n\`k\i\ =XiYkfe$&Jkk`^le^jbfii\bkli ]i [`\j\e 9\i\`Z_ jgi`Z_k [`\jdXc [Xee Xcc\i[`e^j d`k\`e\iJkk`^le^ji\[lbk`fe % ),
)-
N`in\i[\e[Xql^\eXljfm\i]X_i\en`\ \Y\e# Y\` [\i qn\`k\e Kfen\ikbfii\bkli Æ \ijk [`\ bi`k`jZ_\ =cZ_\ Xljn_c\e le[ [Xeed`k[\ijZ_n\Y\e[\e8ljnX_c\`e\ e\l\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ \`ej\kq\e# [`\ ÙXlkfdXk`jZ_ÈdXjb`\ikn`i[% 8cj[Xee1 N_c\e J`\ d`k [\d Gfcp^fe$ CXjjf[\e9\i\`Z_[\iJkiX\e]cZ_\Xlj 8YY% )+2 _`\i `jk n`\[\i [\i ;\lkc`Z_b\`k _XcY\i [\i DXjb\e$Df[lj [\i 8ljnX_c ^\q\`^k % @_i\ 8ljnX_c `jk ]\ik`^# [`\ 8d\`j\e ld$ bi\`j\e[`\JkiX\e]cZ_\6=^\eJ`\a\kqk Y\i [\i qlc\kqk `ejkXcc`\ik\e
G_fkfj_fg`e[\i8iZ_`k\bkli^iX]`b
)*,
n\`k\i\ <`ejk\ccle^j\Y\e\ ]i =XiYkfe& Jkk`^le^\`e8YY% ), % @d <`ejk\ccle^j]\ejk\i Yc\`Y\e J`\ qld 9\XiY\`k\e `d JkXe[Xi[$9\i\`Z_ [Xd`k XlZ_ Xe[\i\ =XiY\e Xlj [\i JkiX\e]c$ Z_\_\iXlj^\i\^\ckn\i[\e#8YY% )- le[ jZ_`\Y\e[\eJkk`^le^ji\^c\ieXZ_c`ebj# Xl] q% 9% Æ,' $ [`\ JkiX\ Y\bfddk \`e e\lkiXc\i\j>iXl%9\jkk`^\eJ`\d`k FB% A\kqk^\_kjXej8l]ild\e`e[\iilgg\ Xlj \Y\e J`\ [\i>ilgg\\`e\ej`eemfcc\eEXd\eq% 9% =XiYbfii\bkli#8YY% i )0 %
).
)/
;Xd`k j`e[ J`\ mfi\ijk ]\ik`^ 8YY% *' % ;\eb\eJ`\[iXe#[XjjJ`\@_i9`c[efZ_`e :DPB ldnXe[\ce djj\e# n\ee J`\ \j `e\`e\d;ilZbcXpflkm\in\e[\enfcc\e# jZ_cX^\eJ`\[Xql`eBXg%'*eXZ_% *'
BXg`k\c'/×FYa\bk`m$le[=XiYbfii\bkli
)0
)*-
Jf]knXi\#|Yle^j[Xk\`\e G_fkfj_fg#9i`[^\#@ccljkiXkfile[@e;\j`^ej`e[^\jZ_kqk\DXib\eq\`Z_\e`_i\j ?\ijk\cc\ij8[fY\Jpjk\dj@eZfigfiXk\[%9i`[^\bfddk`dGXb\kd`kG_fkfj_fg# [`\j\jbee\eJ`\j`Z_`e[\iXbkl\cc\eM\ij`femfe[\i?\ijk\cc\ij\`k\Xcj*'$KX^\$ K\jkm\ij`fe_\ilek\icX[\e1 G_fkfj_fg:J*1 _kkg1&&nnn%X[fY\%Zfd&[\&gif[lZkj&G_fkfj_fg&`e[\o%_kdc ;Xj9`c[ e^Vnfcb\eV`ek\ie\k%ag^j% J% (++ jkXddkmfe[\iJ\`k\ nnn%nfcb\eXkcXj%[\ Fi`^`eXceXd\ JZdXddX %;Xj9`c[ X_fieVjkXik%gj[j% J% ((- jkXddkmfe[\iJ\`k\ _kkg1&&al\i^\e$_l\]e\i%[`\k\jk[fdX`e%[\Fi`^`eXceXd\ ^\Yil\[\i$X_fie$`d$dfi^\ec`% ag^ %9\`[\e9\ki\`Y\ie[Xeb\`Z__`\id`k]i[XjI\Z_k#[`\9`c[\i`ed\`e\d9lZ_ m\in\e[\eql[i]\e% ;`\;Xk\`\e#[`\J`\qld;liZ_XiY\`k\e[\iBXg`k\cmfed`iqliM\i]^le^^\jk\cckY\$ bfdd\e#]`e[\eJ`\Xl]d\`e\iN\Yj\`k\#nfJ`\j`Z_\`ecf^^\edjj\e1 _kkg1&&gj*%XiZ_`k\bkli[Xijk\ccle^%`e]f EXd\1 Y\ccX B\eenfik1 g`kkliX =i=iX^\e#8ed\ible^\e#Bfii\bklimfijZ_c^\f[\iBi`k`belkq\eJ`\Y`kk\[XjBfe$ kXbk]fidlcXiXl][\i^c\`Z_\eJ\`k\%
;XebjX^le^\e ;`\8iY\`kXe[`\j\d9lZ__Xkm`\cce^\i^\[Xl\ikXcj`Z_[XZ_k\%Ql9\^`eenXid`i dXeZ_dXce`Z_kbcXi#nXj`Z_Y\iG_fkfj_fgjZ_i\`Y\ebeek\#nXje`Z_kjZ_fea\[\i n\` $ qld JZ_cljj `jk [Xee jf m`\c DXk\i`Xc \ekjkXe[\e# [Xjj ]Xjk \`e qn\`k\i 9Xe[ [Xd`k^\]cckn\i[\ebXee%;Xqn`jZ_\ec`\^k\`e\Q\`k#`e[\id\`e\D`kd\ejZ_\ee`Z_k j\ck\elek\id\`e\eXlbkfi`Xc\eJk`ddle^jjZ_nXeble^\eqlc\`[\e_Xkk\e% @Z_dljj[\j_XcYql\ijkd\`e\dC\bkfi;Xm`[DXifc[le[8e^\c`bX?\cc\imfdJgi`e$ ^\i$M\icX^]i`_i\`dd\ej\>\[lc[le[?`c]jY\i\`kjZ_X]k[Xeb\e% 8lZ_d\`e\eJkl[\ek\ejZ_lc[\`Z_m`\c$`Z_bXeeeli_f]]\e#[Xjj`Z_`_e\ed`k[`\j\d 9lZ_jfm`\c8ei\^le^\e]i`_i\8iY\`k^\Y\ebXee#[Xjjj`\[XiY\i[`\Q\ijki\lk_\`k `_i\jGif]\jjfij^e[`^m\i^\jj\e% 8l][\dN\^mfe[\i\ijk\e@[\\Y`jqld8YjZ_cljj[`\j\j9lZ_gifa\bkj`jk\`e\D\e^\ `e d\`e\d C\Y\e gXjj`\ik% M`\c\j [Xmfe nXi jZ_d\iq_X]k# XY\i c\kqk\e <e[\j ^cXlY\ `Z_#[Xjj\j^lkXlj^\^Xe^\e`jk%;Xjj\jXlZ_\`e\ejZ_e\eK\`c`e[`\j\iQ\`k^`Yk# m\i[Xeb\`Z_mfiXcc\d@id\cX#[\i`Z_[`\j\j9lZ_n`[d\edZ_k\%
)*.
@e[\o ;Xk\` 9i`[^\ /#(+#(,#(-#(.#(/#))#)* =iN\Yle[>\ik\jg\`Z_\ie )) I8N ))JkXg\cldY\e\eele^ (/ JkXg\cm\iXiY\`kle^ )* 9\XiY\`k\e =XiY\`ejk\ccle^\e ., =cZ_\]cc\e ).#((+#()(#()/#))' =i\`jk\ccle^ 9\jZ_e\`[le^ le[ 8iY\`kj$ ]cZ_\e\in\`k\ile^ ('(#(')#(++#(-)#(-+# (//#(/0#(0+#)'+#)*' Dljk\i ),#)-#).#(''#(((#((*#((+#((, Dljk\i]\jkc\^\e ((* G`ej\c )+#).#)/#)0#*'#*(#,(#-)#-*#/* GlebkldnXe[\ce ** IX[`\i\i )/#*'#()) KXjkXkliY\]\_c\ )/#()) Q\`Z_\ejk`]k *(#*)#**#*+#(,/#(-'#(-(#(--# (.(#(.*#(0,#(0/#)'+ M\icXl] ,(# ,)# ,*# .+# .,# ./# .0# (.(# (/(# (/)# (/*# (/+# (/0# (0'# (0(# )'.# )'/# )'0# )(*#)(/#))( M\ijZ_`\Y\e ('+# ('.# (+/# (,+# (-)# (//# (/0#(0)#(0-#(00 9`c[ 8iY\`kj]cZ_\ (-)#(-*#(//#(/0#(0+ 9`c[^i\ (/#)(#..#/*#(')#(()#(*. :DPB (,#,+#,,#,-#,.#,/#,0#-'#-+#--# -.#.'#.,#.-#..#)*, ;lgc`q`\i\e -' I>9 ),#++#,+#,,#,-#,.#,/#,0#-'#-+# --#-0#.'#.(#.,#.-#..#/'#/(#/+#0.#((*# ((0#()'#()(#()+#()0#(*'#(*,#(-/#(.)#(.-# )()#)(+ *)$9`k-.#-/ J\gXiXk`fe,/#,0
)'.#)'/#))'#))) =fid\Y\e\*,#*-#(-.#(.(#(.*#)'+ E\l$ilgg\Xlj
)*/
=`ck\i 9Xji\c`\] (+' =clZ_kglebk ./#/*#0'#0) ?fZ_gXjj ((-#()+#(),#(*'#(*( Biele^ .*#/+#('0#(+0 Bilj\ce 0+#('0 FYa\bk`mbfii\bkli ))0 IXljZ_\e_`eql]^\e (*0 I\c`\] (+( LejZ_Xi]dXjb`\i\e )(#+,#.,#/+#0/ M\ijZ_`\Yle^j\]]\bk ('* N\`Z_\jC`Z_k .)#.*#., 8ej`Z_k =XiYgiff] ,/#-. =XiYld]Xe^$NXiele^ ,-#,/ Giff]<`ei`Z_k\e ,/ =\ejk\i 8bk`fe\e$GXc\kk\ (/#(0#))#)* 8efi[e\e -'#(*/ 8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_ ()#(*#(+#(8iY\`kjY\i\`Z_jg\`Z_\ie () @e]f$GXc\kk\ ,-#-+ Gifkfbfcc$GXc\kk\ ((#*-#(--