Pre-Baba Farid Punjabi Literary Trends

)´: D = 'F : J ÁH : , Ï 1ª 1 (9 11888 9 1280)@ P : J Á =_ u # < E :% Â Fv _? V a 6² ¼:...

Author: Saeed Bhutta

17 downloads 688 Views 460KB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

)´: D

= 'F : J

ÁH : , Ï 1ª 1 (9 11888 9 1280)@ P : J

Á =_ u # < E :% Â Fv _? V a 6² ¼: c ; : Y X H , i ,Å J

Á 8 H , W WÂ Z E H 9 :m×A1 Å X1 u ¸ s : Y c ]¤ Ó F V Å F : S : 8 × ¤ i Y} >H Vk ; 8 × ' , KÊ \× bS Y ; : ; ; ±£x ° ÑÓ: FY: q % ÍH X'F Å °c 6YF¬: ; : 8 +"N Å 6YF¬: d J: q H T Ê: Å ³ +A 6 Ä = X Y\ = l 2 (9 14698 9 1539) E 6]c ³j£xG :YF c ]¤ ia 6v dF mTYF X: } : 8 c Ryc J: m S £ : Å °7Sc ¥

*c § X: mR : £ c O{l Y} ¥ Å =H <: c Õ: : ÕG< F Ä ' X : ¸]¤ i cJ

Á 8 + F a M» .: Å: Å =H <: c 6) y} ] , ¥ ¥; : 3 8u ] y Ì 8 j6YFYH /: L a ; FY: WN a \ Y T [ °c 6£ »[ l@/ »% ]^ ] F* Å ] µ \ Y T [ l Y} = 8 ' \M D ¸a B :k U n ]

V q< < 6£ % ¥ Å ° Y} ( * 1¥ ¥; ² p= c < , 8 j]FYg ¸= Å 6 Ç*§ )% ³. h N Å 6YT : a y y #:) 4 y y¶: 1 ¥ ¥Å 6½ 8 × £x ¸W 8 % bY} FY: 7 % FÔa ]¤ ic Y} 8u 0"N X:FY 6 y y¶: : W ¥ ¥FY: 5 y y¶: 1 ]XY ¥ ¥ < » c 6½ l 6S: 8 × s i ; Å °c 6½ Å : F¬: }S× \F(1 6 Å < , % bF·FY: % FÔ u % Ât gq c ]FY Å =F~FY: T) X Ñ} c 6Æ/: Y} FY: × WY) Y WH f R : FY: ; 1: 8 D T)ZY 8u c 8 P ] 1: ]¤ ic 6½ a =FJ: c R : ]8 uF \ . , ); 1: F Ä , ) <*B 11 (9 1290-1409) :F F FY: 10 (9 1180-1267) m0 ¼F 9 (9 1079) Ñ : Fk Æ a 6YF ÑÓ: ¸:M "N S : X[F Y} FY: ¼F 8 ¸¤ iZY FY: uF i 9a = :_FY: [Ô »X0 » A 1 ] D Å F Ä ' X n* ¼1 X,

AY n* *

1) {$( < :M D

]

¢6 :Y J: a = Wjc l ,¤x8u 0 <1 ( Y < Y \ m+;* OU

¼ 6m

6 k ] X , \ 6[Y: Ä '

/ ) ) 6:m* ») k$' [Y :F ¶ V 6:F E Ï V: j ¥ È: »YÂ V:µ V: 12

w

Z¤ ia X0 8 × c o ZHY ]F :Y¼Z ¤ i¤ i FY: ] OU¼ WYF fx8u W : £ u ¢] OU¼F l ,¤x =E :YF ,q c 6Æ} :8u ] F* d Y} FY: uF eba ]^ ] ]F :Y ¼Z¤ i8u F :

Ñ ]F :Y ¼ l 6S: 8 :Y Å G :YF c 6YF ÑÓ: Y} u << fw m , ÎV Å J: ³x< iW¸"N mTYF Å : B ia y Ì 8 + w¤ y} ] , ¥ ¥¸ ]¤ ic 6WÓ:

1&% % ÙFD FY:% O Ò»% bF· 9 :m×A, a y y }F # ] ; : ¥ ¥l : ,¤x´: D a

; : J

@

ic 6£ % l ÉFx : ; Ïa j X: 13 8 × l 6¸% RF Su c E ]¤ S 14 u + w¤ ia y ymÍ ] ; : ¥ ¥ ]F :Y ¼Z ¤ il t ÁF:8Q a 6F # : X: yXN '. 6YF ÑÓ:

Y'

Y . , )c WÂ 6YF ÑÓ: FY: 6£ % l

; : 8 ,=k ¸a Zi(

X: 9 :bÑÓ: \XY 8 ] X³Å ¹ª ¸: Ric Ï 2ª

( 1S × s U a = U£ # < E Pi = xox d Z£xÅ FY & * nUaY\ 8 × Z Y < FY: p» +( 6Y 1 a \F U£ 8u z Z E H Å ¹

H P c X *: U£ 8 × £x F 6E 6kY ¬oxFY: YFa J: 8u * ( & ) S ¦6MÂ: c J: S8 × ; \F ¤ i: a FY: B Ti , :F ´: D 8 l zÆ( "The word Yoga is used in a variety of senses. It simply means "method". It is often used in the sense of yoking. In the Upanisads and the Bhagavadgita, the soul in its worldly and sinful condition is said to live separate and estranged from the supreme soul. The root of all sin and suffering is separation, disunion, estrangement. To be rid of sorrow and sin, we must attain spiritual unification, the conscious of two in one or Yoga. In Patanjali, the Yoga does not mea n un io n, b ut o nl y ef fo rt, or a s Bh oj a sa ys , se pa ra ti on (Vi yoga) between purusa and prakrti" (15)

( / q U£ B = * 1F»V ZY 6Y 1 Å 6c U£ ¸S£ u Á Å E ÇA, nUY\ 8u £x¸6 6Çl( 1 ÇA, / ]f ¥ ¥ m :F u ¢a {×) y yX :) YX ;:F u »8 8 8 8 ÍF J: l 6³Yy Ó i´= c A n ;/F u ¥8 8 8i < ¥ ¥ c J: i 9J ¹ J: s 16 yF y H J i nK,Ï*

/ 8u # < Í ¸% f´: D ¶: × ' < X ]6 F ~ /: ZY 8 × # @ :

Ñi´FY: V Z < ÇA, ( * X: q V 8 × % FÔ m q % ³a }F # 8 ] Ac S S : Zf Å: l 6 Ç*§ )% a ]^ ] µ ( q FY: c% bF· 8 j 6¢ c =jÅ XY c c% bF· ;× £x {Àc ,FY: 6 Í T »=k :i )a \F ¹°c X : 8 × FÔ[ l@/ ¶:FD FY: % ¼, E Á X^ q ¥ S : : l W :~Å XY c 6 Ç* ka \ Y T [ 8u &< ; _± }

: R , E EC *: ¥ ¥8 × k D ¥ S : : ¸ 8 × X^ q : :% FY: [ l@/ B y= y "The Siddhas were traditionally atheists (Anatma-vadin) and antagonistic to

¼: 8u

contemporaneous and Tantrik elements were common to them. Contrasting conceptions regarding the nature of Shiva and Shakti separated them. The Nathas strictly followed celibacy; but the Siddhas did not, nor did they quote any commonly accepted seripture as their testimony." (17)

S. PYfq ¸Å W /: ³l °± ¨a l l R J: 8 : V X a : q % bF· < 8u # a 6 Ï* < + E ¥ Å W 6Ø ¬FY: ¥F »¹£ »j bF·6Í bF· a W :~ "The followers of Gorakhnath are known as Yogi, as Gorakhnathi, and Darssani, but most distinctively as Kanphata. The first of these names refer to their traditional practice of Hatha Yoga, the second to the name of their reputed founder, the third to the huge ear-rings which are one of their distinctive marks, and the "fourth to their unique practice of having the cartilege of their ears split for the insertion of the ear rings." (18)

Å ] k a \F d % bF· 8 × &< Å 6 Z )a \F "{FY: z´ »»d % bF· / Å: l £ »u E \ F : t Á
@ J

8 @F # ]J

¶« ]F :& Âl ,F

´: D 8u E F:t Á]^ ] µ d % FÔÅ ": @F # FY: 6 =} =l Ó bH ]\ * /¥ ¥ <:F £ u Ä '+ W< % FÔ B G :YF s[ ) n( s (9 8098 9 849) V

u ¢Å i :M

1 9 y 8y u << k 6 ]W Ò, E ¶ ] µ % FÔ ¸ 6 8 m 8u < ¥ S : d 6kYu % Ât m s J:% bF· 8u Ä ' k ] µ d % FÔÅ ":
¶« ]F:& Â 20 8u ]^]µ d % bF· × m ´ ¶: ¿ Y E ¸ µ , ¤ i "FY: \

% Å W [ % bF·

X: = ¥ b FY: × F d E )c X: aÄ J: 8 × Q NF Z c UQg a }F # 'S c\ Y T 8 :F : a ; ] )Z E H ¹

H .: l 6S: × ÎV Å bUE @F X: l

¼: S8 × 4= E :YF )¸a \F |:D x< c X: 8 × ;

Ò· A»F bF·% bF· u ¢l :,¤x´: D ° 21 x: :D a ]IY:F ,»X ^C 8 jF n( B1=: E c X :u fw 6& µ JF 6& µ @1 &< ]¨ \F ]F * n( 22

®:F ¥ Å W:~l6S: u 6µV Å 2F c X: 8 # :: L^ Å°c < , Å J: "m + :@

: v , % bF· ( a \F 6=} =8u # < Í ¸]F ¢ 6² 6F c =:FY: × ; {Àc , )¸a \F "{ c X :

8 +/

V H :F : S : lÒW Z E H Å % FÔ} /: 8u ·< # a }F # : c 6k H m Y\ ym .a X H z S ; i :M5 ]F :& Â8 c $ y ym bF· ¥ ¥l V:½= a Ó bH ]\ J

@

8 + ; 1: 6k H z F yY)c F : /: l % bF· m ¸

1X : `` × 'i ¸F g: ZY ¥% 8u 9Y Ì v q % Ç:F 8 × ' < , ¸O g: 6k H ]XY 6 9 :m×A, *( ) 6k H s /: &% ; + 8 c ¸]¤ ia 6k H z l 6 Ç*§ X : 8. uq ¸a 6\XY X Y\ l 6½ 8× g`

=YF3 Å i :M 6 q ]°X: " 'i 9a 6k H ]XY Ê3 » ]\ » 5Ô »m :F »j ^ "» X: 8 ;Sq% Å+ c ;u # < k m q% % bF· =RFY: 6 Y:F BiJ: 8È 6 ' « 6· ¸]¤ ic X: F yY)cq /: F YF FY: % bF· 8 × 46 Í )a j ; FY: 8 m: ] w¤ iO g: ZtE 6k H ]XY a F : X: Å XY c 6YT J: a d ¶: 8 ' < lk u : 6½ X :F FY: ; v68u ]^ ] F* Å µ k H @Y q % »; l © Í8 C 9a r J: ¸F ÑÓ: FY: ]FYÁ»ÍÅ a 9 X ¬8 : i R 6YF , ]°\ S 8 ;u×dF a = :_FY: [Ô »; l © ]FYÁ8 ± ¨a X Y\ \F 9 X: Å 6 FY: E Áu &: j « FY: X :F X Y\ 8 + ua ; g &: l Y} ¤ i ] ¾µ F* 8 =:_FY: [Ô »; ¸u : 6YF ÑÓ: 8 jÌ F Jh: W :~¸a S j:Y lÏ1 Å F

: B ®8 ±Î: Ì ÍV F °% X: » &% FY: .¹ Ä ZY m # i F liÇT T c W :~Å 6· ;6$ ¥ ¥ \XY S : ¸ a =k :i » ' ¸ ], E Å 2 4 8 m # \

xa 6¸ X: u Ä X ik Õ S 0 ³ Q :X 6x 6½ a ]¤ ic J

Á ¤ i ] |

+

|

5

× 0 F ¹£ Ä ZY »× ; \F ¤ i: £ Ric 6 :Y l4 a 6FY: i :Y 6YX 1 mD/ »6E {( n( 1 o(1 6 R 1 6: l+ §( UmD1 »6 * n( ¼ *

25 Gx

ÇD

:

XY +

»´ M

+ »D

M M °

;F

:J

Á ¶Y

26

*( l Z¤ i?F :Y × . \F ¤ i: × Ric 6YF ;l J

Á u + X» Å :F E =: x X: c 6 Ç*§ )% B1 6 * 1 6 :´ X 5G : »l 6:F l( E GY n( n¼;? 6:F l(1 27

- AY G <1 Vx 6 k 6<x i J ' {´* 6 # Û ³ XE 1 x:M

¯ , f { 28

1½8u > , iE H : ,a \F VF H , / ½8 m =Å 6£ ¸0 9 :m×A, R : j: Å 6£ Y} g U£u XY Ä 8 :Y S Å 6:F º g U£ ZY S k :F 8u # < Ñ X: a \F × H :%F ]J

¶« ]F :& Â y y ¥ ¥FY: y ´ y ¥ ¥8 × 7F ' X 6 W U ZY 8u # FYH \F : X: ~× 'is=ÇY: E ¹ ZY = Y : ¥ ¥FY: ÅY y yG Y ¥ ¥× 7F \ k c 29 8 × 'i mH Zo| , =F :fGf c =ÇY : FY: × ' 9: = f:µ =XY y yG

· ¥ : bF· F Å:M cq J: uF iF : 7 Y} FY: X: 8È 6 >YF ¸<

Ø ,q 6k : 8j /a ; X¸ V ¿ X¸ W S u : s : 6£ ,·X , 6 G 1 c : FY: [ , 6Ä '£ t¹+ (b 6Y:H m "c 1l:´a VÊF: 8u ¥F < & FY Ì Å 6 Ç«% : ·F z:F a X Y\ Ó bH ]F 8 × x , a ^ ¸: 8 ³×:F c ya \F ; :% Å 7Q AÂ1´Å 6 m :Fu < 8u # , ´X N: yc " £ a \F ]¤ i% Ó bH ]\ 30 8u ]^ ] F 9: k H X: × ± . W 1]F FY: ] m H 8u ]} ¸k 6 1X: 4 u Fi ]¤ ia ]\ % ; u ¥1 : ³X'F 5Ô »]} »sF· »¶F ~ X ( b , 0 ´ ´a 6F # : ]F Zi(

;× £x c 9 :m×A1 6Ya Ð: ·F 5Ô ¸ @ , 8u F a 6 Ç«% : ·F ÉYF FY: "¹ 1 , a \H ] O {: FY: ]\ »5ÔV +8 × ¥F & ¤ ia ]} FY: ÉYF a d ] O{: Bi¶: 8u / FY: u ; z´ c% d J: 8 c l ¤ i: c q /: l J: Å 6Â m u J: 6Ä '£ t¹+ bF· u Ä J t Á ( * »\ 9Y » G : »V; »W , »V^ "»XxØ »XK qM: % bF· 8 'i V F F H 6 ÇÕ) /: % FY: ½ »9 a X Y\ ic J: F d E c X : 6 X: FY: ± F 9c q /: a [ÔFY: :F »6 i u V: ] m "V = ¤ < Ó 31 8 × "¤ X H 8 m h

Ñ Ñ ¸O g: ZtE u : zH fV ³ 'i"N Å 6·% Â Å ; % bF· = 8u U

X H B "N a 6k H ]XY Å 6n% bF· u JH : pV 8u # f aSa O g: ¸; 1: Pox8u U

¸Å u ³ 8 ± GJKÊ\× l: bS ]F i 8u + l K

·FY: TÇ ÊiW a Ð: ·F sF·Å ]} 8u + $ ` ]\ ym bF· .l V:½= u¦ºc 6^ Ñ ; FY: [Ô Å \d% bF· 8u Å , W a AN X ´ ]¤ ic% bF· BiJ: 6k ¬FY: 6Yv\ a F : % bF· 8 m F [ P Ò F bS zV: [Ô ] :Y ¥ Å 6 6k ¬ T)8 ±B

a FT FY: . u # i gq c ]F : % Ât c D FY: q ZY 8 × ; \F ¤ i: Ri c Å¿ , Å _c U£ ZY 8 <w:` l,t Á

* Ù {( * ®µ

Å<

u r Éc 6: y yÏ~ , ¥ ¥ \¤ i

\J

Y *1 {´N)

32 F:

¹

F

n q i ®

]^ u

& =

n ® i %

n ® n ®

33 X¬ :m;1* \ Y® 6Â W \ Y® ® :m;1*

®

Y\ ¹£

34 ¬

x ¹£

Ò Y\ T C Ü1 k1 q Ç(;* ) Z :F ' k \ o(M(

X FYH WV: a [Ô ] :Y uF 1 % 8 m : : , Î yY)c WV: q q % u # LiÅ b ]W Ò, Å% Â a X Y\ 8 mr ¶ Å i; 1: 6 G 1 c [% Â Å CµF Y : : ¶ 6k ¬;a =fT : 8u F [ X

V

¸%9 c = :Y S C :D = E xF FY: 9 :: ¸a 6k ¬8 jk : D X : A< Ó c WV: S1 , aÄ) U£ S6 6Y\ :D ¸a m E :]V Å % bF· ¥ l ;i Î J: 8 ±LQ W:~6 Ä '

H c 9 X¬8 ± c k FY: ¾Y » ¸ FY: q ZY W Ò' 8 × x Ì F 6k ¬V Dµ :F E 8 6 Ä ' ¹£ Å K C ¶F

: /: 8 × ' jV6u^ K£ u r =~ & Ya ]XY Å S : V µ% ]¤ iV Å J: 8 × 1 ] F 9: a

w m bF· @ :

Ñ ]¤ i ¸; : a ym bF· .; VTÑ 8È 6 ¶ 6¬ l< i :Y l« ]¤ iV 6W ]} 8 ¥F a

É

\i

×

%

:

{I;

U ;( & ) ¨

'

\Y

Y

u <<

36 ¾

u

F

X bF·

»Y m

¹£ 7

»Y

m

37 ( 6[F : a G j ÇY: \F Ç";G Ò bF· ( / * $Í1 ± y1 » * # , @1 o* n§* 6, y) n( 38 B1 ¶µ \w % T<

´ ]F l( < e % ]

j zJ* ¯: = 39 1 S \F nÌ) : \F P b

j À

= :F [ : À = :F j :F ÇA1 a { Å u

40 Å 6Â m E : a Å: i : ¶ 6v % J: l 6k µ c J: 8 m J " ¤@ <:F >µ ½ XF E % ÙFD ´: D 8u ¯ PF Z c ¼¼¼¼U¼¼Qg a ; ¸ F <:F ÅÂ J: 8u pl 9 :b) ; X : c ½ XF 8 fw l % FÔÅ: u # :Yi6 RF &:% ÙFD 8 × . ÈT¸FY: l J: B : ,¤x ÅÂ

%

bF·

]F

R

X,

:F : ÙFD

:Y}

FÔ

]F HY

]FY¹

ZY u ¢Å i :M ; ² c =S : l : ,¤x´: D 8 ,= k Z E H Ñ ¹

H = fT % O Ò < /FY: c ÇT =j ¸l %h O Ò8 : FÔÅ W » % bF· % V 6* nÙ/£ t¹+ ¿ % bF· 42 8 m s %h × Q NF Z c L: ;ga ; F : °% :Q ,

:

Â % O Ò

:Q &´

F

: 6<

6³

43 Q< Z@ < = : : :; : di :Y l , x Q NF : W ]F ¬k y]¤ ic 6½ ; S} : 8 × uF £x= : : : \× 6£% X << + F w : Å _J: S Ï 3ª 4W k :V:µ g k : Ó: FY: V° ]: 8u C ¤ iS : c z Á ½ ÑÓ: 8 jc 6YF ÑÓ: S ]]XY c J

ÁH : , ¥ c 6WÓ: ZX FY:( : t Á8 × k W k : t3 n4 ÏÓ: x1 c Ë z xG 6 t3 n4W k : Ó: S× ³ t3 n £Ó: S »Å:q »P »VF : ÑÓ: \Y T [ 8 ± a : ¸ zÃ : t Á Ò' W jZHÅ 6 Ç¼* c 6 Ç*«: t Á³a H , 8 × x¤ iY

8 × ' < l7 Å W 6YF ÑÓ: a \ Y T [ Ç: zÁ XS FY: ÑÓ: Ï»sØ ÑÓ: 44 8 × FÔÅ W F : bS c 6X: FY: 6k H z l 6S: m Ä ¸H :F [ c X: 8 = :_ FY: [Ô »; u : =~ c 6WÓ: <*B a 6k H z l 6S: u wT ¹: ¸Å i :M J: W Ñ :FkF a 6³: ]F : Å:§: i :Y l< dÅ X:M :8 i ZY 8u :F &µ 7 + H , q y Ó .l :Fk8 + È; : a 6k H z l 6YF ÑÓ: )i :Y l , a ¿ FY: c ]¤ i 8u 9 1094 = ~Y }F # BA F :

Ñ X: FY: x , a \Y T [ a 9 1079 " Satgur Nur, as noted, is reported to have been earliest Pir or Guru from Persia to India for the propagation of Nizarism, which in India became designated as Satpanth, that is Sat Panth, the true path. According to the traditions, Satgur Nur was mainly active in Patan, Gujrat. His Shrine is located at Naswari near Surat, and the tombstone, oddly enough, gives the dates as 478/1094." (45)

Àc V': FY: R n: : )a 6k N '8 × Q NFXF JÆ ,q D 6WÓ: £ u # < Í yXN '¥Ç ]¤ ic 6YF ÑÓ: c wPoxJ: =:_ÑÓ: S× ;FY [ \ Y T [ X N ' 6YF ÑÓ: × 7F 'i ZV Zª) X¸ 8× cÅ: × ± . O{a Ð: ·F 7 X N # < Í p E z( '8u Ð: ·FXY ]XY 8 × = E ,q X : ³XY c J: 8 w =H <: ; X:S) l : F B ] t Á8u AÅ ]cX:SXS E
x Ð: ·F J:u z~ P X: 8 c B : Y o) @ a p l :FF 8 'iV': k Ä D $ FY: Ð: ·F J: ¸l 6S: qfT _: Y} @

x J: u # < Í ¸a \F sF·8 i[ Å ] 1: KS z~ V 8 :FF H :F : [ c l hY J: Ç:F 8 : 8 } F D _ ¿ ,q ZH; 1: ]Fc E ]Fc 6 v dF ,q X: 8 ±c o: ) 3a

( b &: ¥ 6 Ç«% : ·F @Y "According to Ismaili tradition, the fifteenth century ad'i (preacher, missionary) Pir Sad-ad-Din, who bestowed this title on new Indian converts to Ismaili Islam, was also responsible for inventing the Khojki script." (47)

£Ó: Ð: ·F zÕ ( c; : 6WÓ: a VT =FJ: 8 × ¿ , Å J: F¬: ÑÓ: ¼: d Z£xFY: u Ä ' X7 c 6 Ç¼* ·% * * ¶F ~ Å XY F :i X¸ x: DF P×: (F K: LiÑÓ: z k : ½ ; : 8u À ²J

ÑF ÅF 6 1 XN '¥ ¥Su a: s : V a ; : m¸ ÚÅ 8 × ± * ¤ i% )YF : WF ; » uµ » uY »VY: ] y yRf XN '¥ ¥a Ð: ·F <*B WÂ 9 :b Zi :Y l , ¿ Fk Ñ : FkF ¤ i ]^ ] F Ä 'a J: 8 × ¼ w¸: Å Ì y yRf 1= c 6Y¤ iX: ¸ZY WÂ w¤ ia y yRf X N '¥ ¥ + 8 0 ZF ¤ i: a \F = ~Y Y |:D }F # c 9 :bS8u w¤ i 8 Â ¸ J: »× O{a 6 <*B ¤ i 5Ô : a 6Yi(

FY: 6 F # c ; : 5Ô 8u # , W Fk Ñ :FkF Rha G :YF ]bÑÓ: c J

ÁH : , × F : Vu ÎJ: ]F ¿ ®B F : 29 w¤ ia y yRfX N '¥ ¥8u Ä '+W V´ uF v < g »sx \F Ñ É V- : È \ Y \ : »u A c < f = Z :F 48 F mµ ¹µ ³ \i ¹µ < \ : J:Y

Ò1 W D Ò,

Z:F

-:

Æ

'

49 =:Y Éx 6§ »x® 6 f n = < \: = :F j W Ò, ³ »6µ A V Ñ É 50 9 6µ \Ø s l: » f n ¥ ' w ' < \ : ÅÂ x < a y Ó ' » < f na 7 51 U, I;

l: n f * n;Í É {Õ 7 < \ :

´ : YFY \ Y 9 ³ »Ó £ 6µ l 52

<* : a ` , 7 dF ,q X: FY: uF , Í Å 6 %% Bi7F : ÑB u # m:Y Å 6 9 f XFT ¶: 8u @F ^ Å XHY y< \ : .a 6Yb ¼: 8 Ä '+ $ Fv \F : y6k N '.X: 8 × ± D i O{Bi ¶: A <*B Ñ

8u ; F :

¤ iS : }F # : c X¸ Ï 4ª 8× . $ = : : : \× bS c[Ô ] :Y l 6£ % 8u 6£ % FY ; : B wc ; : \F g U£ Bi J: 8u + bl 6Y¤ i6Y 6k : X : 8 × I C U£ Y« y y½ XF ¥ ¥FY: y yF:F« ¥ ¥ : C MÂ c qM

V:YH FY: u ] i X» ¸°% l 6/× wT ¹: j6Z¤ i?F :Y a 9 :bX : 8 × 4= k ¸Å 6YF : X : a FY: 9 X ¬8 V F Ôa = ; ¹£ % ] F 9:u # ZH :

: NÅ J: 8u c ¸¥

*c 6x^ c 8u # % VT sFY: u «k ° £ Ä ' :D ZY} S : 6£ ¸a 6k ¬8 × ½ \ F \ YÖ ¸: ZY} 3 a 9 :. <(¼ 8u &f E c 6½ ¸VlY c 6 ÇÏ 6YF F ° f l w¤ i¸O g: 6& m Y\ ]XY a j c X : Å XY ¶: W:~ \ Y T [ \F s 6£ % 8 uF i V': Fv X = H : ]9 :b ; 8 + V- :: X H c 6½ ¸l 9 :bG< X: FY: Y} 8 ( * ) e + V- ¥ 6MÂ: c g U£ FY: :J

Y ¸l 6YF ÑÓ: 8u 6E ~ :: ¤ iÂ 6YF X[n Y} ZFY} 6 Ç*§ % u wT c ¹: y Fy # Y: J ¥ ¥c :FF a .J: 8D bF W 6½ ¸W z :~/: l 6YF ÑÓ: )8 iF : ¸ 53 8 a m c ;× % bF·¤ i 8 Z Y »Y » ° ;F : ¸l 9 :b ¿ ZY E @ :YF R : : ;l 6½ 6 8u Ä 'E W 6· :F 6$ °c #Z ¤ i8 ± i LU:F F ]¤ i]F c y Ì y} ] , ¥ ¥¿ X : 8u X 0iE 6· :F 8 Ù V9d ÎF 9 :bi :Y l , a ¿ m bF· 8 ]k k YF ²V 8u ¯ PF ·]V )¹£ a ; : C MÂ 8 × 4Å i :M 6£ 6 ÍFY: )a ; : T ; ] :Y u # Z H :

: Å J: 8u # V': Á¹£ »[ l@/ ¸a \ HYF »\FY}\F Bi ¶ :8u ¿ 6i ii Å 8 × . ¡v\× l 6£ FY: 6½ »6Çl@/ bS c[Ô ] Zf ; : =xox° JÆ f nV , »ÅiÅ XY c 9c 6WÓ: 8u &< mk C ¤ iS : c½FvW x Ó: Z¤ ia ; v6u £x : ]S : c 6WÓ: a [Ô ] :Y ¸ @ , ³% ¸ i : Å V°9 ]: 6WÓ: } : 8 × C 8u ] Z C MÂR : c ; : T ¥ :l 6YF ÑÓ: 8 × FÔÅ W ) J

]F :Y¼ : u Å , BYF cd J: a 6YF : ;S× ' , = : : : JF FY 6WÓ: FY: 6½ ³bS Y ; : ; Su O Y 'S Y ¶ s : c >,µ ZF* £ À pa ; y J

y Y UF ¥ ¥;² ) c 8 Å ¹ª ¸: l

:F ¸a \F ]¤ ic X: Sx :D a ; m ¸ Y} ¤ iC MÂ 8 × = À\F a liW;FY &: Å: a : F Îa F :: 'SY : ]F Å Å j « C : Á ;FY 5Ö /: 8 × ± F ' ]F r¶: ¸9 :b% 8u G VYF 8u <

=<:MY ½:M 8 25 9 1978 » DF : X ¸ Ff 6^ ¥ , ®8 $ » l J

Á \ , »J

Á

81

8 208 9 1987 » DF : X¸ Ff mÍ ] ; : »t Á F:

82

Å : E , , : WÂ 9 :b; qk FY: + ZFY 6Ä = X Y\ l Y} 8u ; ² µ y Ì y} ] , ¥ ¥

83

9 1604 WÂ 6vY} F H »FY: ]¤ i.: c »WÂ Z H; l ;F : Y} W 8 c c ]¤ iZY 6ÆFY: + e 8u # < Í yÌ y} ] , ¥ ¥Å: 8 + $ a ¹ ÅÂ j k : #:8 $ »,M ¹ ÅÂ 8 63 9 1996 »X ,M

84

8 160 ,M ¹ ÅÂ

85

8 191 ,M ¹ ÅÂ

86

**( /8 $ 8 621 X»J»U Â¹ ¤ iÂ g " , u »` Á WÂ »

87

8 619

88

Encylopaedia of Indian Literature, vol III (New Delhi; 1995) 2437.

89

Encylopaedia of Indian Literature 2501.

8 10

Encylopaedia of Indian Literature 2501.

8 11

8 495 9 2005 »F( g " F º ´: D 8 $ »j Y2F,¤x:Y»,¤x ) ¼( * Q,* 8 3-18 X »J»m(( XF D k Ff }F # ] ; : » : ,¤x´: D

8 12

8 192 t Á F:

8 14

S. Radha Kishnan, Indian Philosophy,vol II (Delhi: Oxford university press, 1997) 337

8 15

8 13

1 ÇA, 1 & ¬ X:) / 8 16 / ]mD, N) 8 153 X »J»F : o* 8 17

Encylopaedia of Indian Literature. 2915 George Weston Briggs, Gorakh Nath and The Kanphata Yogis (Calcutta: Y.M.C.A Publishing 1938)1

8 18

8 111-12 9 1989 »X : : $ , »,F

´: D

8 19

8 115 ,F

´: D

8 20

8 114 ,F

´: D

8 21

N,V 1Ff ® JY ' T 8 26 9 1998 »< ¤ io( Ü: ] »Pf,µ· ´: D » ¨* i»,FT´: D

8 22

8 116 ,F

´: D

8 23

8 24 9 2002 »Jv y m×: ¬ }F # c ; : ]\ » ®

8 24

8 317 J

Á 8 25

8 162 J

Á 8 26 8 171 9 1964 »z2 : : Ff O : Õ8 $ Z ¤ i?F :Y« »Z ¤ i?F :Y

8 27

8 177 Z ¤ i?F :Y

8 28

8 16 9 1996 »z : ± ¬ [Y: ]% Â8 x» j Y2Y/ »/ »]J

¶« ]F :& Â 8 29 8 107 ,F

´: D

8 30

8 114 ,F

´: D Õ 1 8 21 9 1963 »U Â¹ ¤ iÂ g " »K

·» TÇ Ê/» z F· m bF· 8 $ »V:½=

8 31

8 22 V:½=

8 33

8 46V:½=

8 34

8 25V:½=

8 35

8 22V:½=

8 36

8 29V:½=

8 37

8 47V:½=

8 38

8 105V:½=

8 39

8 109V:½=

8 40

8 118 ,F

´: D

8 41

8 11 : ,¤x´: D

8 42

8 12 :,¤x´: D °~ }F # »=":H ´: D 8 167 9 1963 »z2 : F :i WY] A o(*

8 43 8 44

Farhad daftary, The Ismailis Their history and doctrines (Delhi: Munshi ram Manohar lal, 1990) 478

8 45

Farhad Daftary 479

8 46

8 32

Ali S Asani, "The Khojki Scirpt: A Legacy of Ismaili Islam in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent"

8 47

8 1 9 2000 »TD X¸ F :i uY] RfX N '8 fi»Y FY: L# Fk

8 48

8 1 L# Fk

8 49

8 1 L# Fk

8 50

8 3 L# Fk

8 51

8 5 L# Fk

8 52

8 175 L# Fk

8 53