Churg-Strauss Syndrome - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCE...

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CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Churg-Strauss Syndrome: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00258-2 1. Churg-Strauss Syndrome-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on Churg-Strauss syndrome. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME ................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Churg-Strauss Syndrome ............................................................. 4 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME................................... 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 49 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 50 General References ....................................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME ..................................... 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 51 Academic Periodicals covering Churg-Strauss Syndrome........................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 U.S. Pharmacopeia....................................................................................................................... 55 Commercial Databases ................................................................................................................. 56 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 61 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 61 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 61 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 63 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 65 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 67 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 71 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 71 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 71 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 77 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 77 CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME DICTIONARY .................................................................... 79 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 105

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with Churg-Strauss syndrome is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about Churg-Strauss syndrome, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to Churg-Strauss syndrome, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on Churg-Strauss syndrome. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on Churg-Strauss syndrome. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on Churg-Strauss syndrome.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and Churg-Strauss syndrome, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Collagen Vascular Diseases in Critical Care: An Overview Source: Care of the Critically Ill. 14(1): 29-33. January 1998. Contact: Available from Stockton Press. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. 44(0) 1256 329242. Fax: 44(0) 1256 810526. Website: http://www.stocktonpress.co.uk/cci/. Summary: Although uncommon, when compared with other conditions seen in the intensive care unit (ICU), the collagen vascular diseases are life threatening, can pose diagnostic problems, and (because treatment often involves immunosuppression) can make management especially difficult in the septic patient. This article gives an overview of some of the more life threatening members of this group of disorders. The

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conditions most frequently encountered are Goodpasture's syndrome (GPS) and glomerular basement membrane disease (GBH); Wegener's granulomatosis (WG); polyarteritis nodosa (PAN); and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). Other, less common, diagnoses include microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Most of these disorders are inflammatory and have evidence of autoimmunity, which can range from targeting of a single specific organ to many organs in the body. The author briefly reviews the symptoms of each type, then summarizes general principles of treatment. Treatment should treat underlying infection; support vital organs (lung and kidney failure are common to many of these conditions); ensure adequate nutrition; modify the immune response with steroids, azathioprine or cyclophosphamide; and remove immune complexes and antibodies, using plasma exchange. A brief posttest is appended to the article. 2 figures. 3 tables. 19 references.

Federally Funded Research on Churg-Strauss Syndrome The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to Churg-Strauss syndrome. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore Churg-Strauss syndrome.

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals.

Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication. 2

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To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with Churg-Strauss syndrome, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “ChurgStrauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for Churg-Strauss syndrome (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Meek S, Brennan S. Source: Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 1993; 48(1): 34-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8472060

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A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Varga M, Debreczeni L. Source: Z Rechtsmed. 1989; 102(1): 55-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2922959

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A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome: tissue diagnosis established by sigmoidoscopic rectal biopsy. Author(s): Leen EJ, Rees PJ, Sanderson JD, Wilkinson ML, Filipe MI. Source: Gut. 1996 February; 38(2): 299-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8801216

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A case of cutaneous sensory neuropathy associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Gomes C, L'heveder G, Vandhuick O, Mabin D, Saraux A. Source: Joint, Bone, Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme. 2003 February; 70(1): 73-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12639624

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A case report of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) with a review of the literature. Author(s): Shibata T, Perparim K, Sumie A, Ishii T, Tomo T, Tashiro T, Nasu M, Yasumori R. Source: Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi. 1993 January; 35(1): 83-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8336405

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A limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as acute abdominal catastrophe. Author(s): Kacar F, Levi E, Dikicioglu E, Meteoglu I, Erpek H, Uyar M. Source: Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology. 2002 December; 441(6): 632-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12587603

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A limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome: ocular and cutaneous manifestations. Author(s): Nissim F, Von der Valde J, Czernobilsky B. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1982 June; 106(6): 305-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6896438

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A retrospective evaluation of the treatment of 7 patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Larsson P, Lundberg I. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000 May-June; 18(3): 422. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10895389

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A variant form of Churg-Strauss syndrome: initial temporal non-giant cell arteritis followed by asthma--is this a distinct clinicopathologic entity? Author(s): Endo T, Katsuta Y, Kimura Y, Kikuchi A, Aramaki T, Takano T, Tajima H, Fukuda Y, Sugisaki Y. Source: Human Pathology. 2000 September; 31(9): 1169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11014587

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Acute cholecystitis and duodenitis associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Nishie M, Tomiyama M, Kamijo M, Kannari K, Tanosaki M, Baba M, Matsunaga M, Suda T. Source: Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 July-August; 50(52): 998-1002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12845966

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Acute Churg-Strauss syndrome in an asthmatic patient receiving montelukast therapy. Author(s): Tang MB, Yosipovitch G. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 2003 June; 139(6): 715-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12810501

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Acute fulminant neuropathy in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Ng KK, Yeung HM, Loo KT, Chan HM, Wong CK, Li PC. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1997 April; 73(858): 236-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9156128

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Acute renal failure in Churg-Strauss syndrome. A case report. Author(s): Antiga G, Volpi A, Battini G, Meroni M, Giordano F, Minazzi M, Torri Tarelli L, Sessa A. Source: Contrib Nephrol. 1991; 94: 177-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1807889

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Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): report of a case with massive thymic involvement in a nonasthmatic patient. Author(s): Jessurun J, Azevedo M, Saldana M. Source: Human Pathology. 1986 June; 17(6): 637-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3710473

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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis progressing to allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Stephens M, Reynolds S, Gibbs AR, Davies B. Source: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 May; 137(5): 1226-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3195817

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Allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): pulmonary and renal morphologic findings. Author(s): Koss MN, Antonovych T, Hochholzer L. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 1981 January; 5(1): 21-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7246848

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) presenting as acute acalculous cholecystitis. Author(s): Imai H, Nakamoto Y, Nakajima Y, Sugawara T, Miura AB. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1990 February; 17(2): 247-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2319525

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) presenting as prominent neurologic lesions and optic neuritis. Author(s): Liou HH, Yip PK, Chang YC, Liu HM. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 December; 21(12): 2380-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7699647

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report and analysis of 30 cases. Author(s): Chumbley LC, Harrison EG Jr, DeRemee RA. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1977 August; 52(8): 477-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=18640

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report of an autopsy case in a nonasthmatic patient. Author(s): Sasaki A, Hasegawa M, Nakazato Y, Ishida Y, Saitoh S. Source: Acta Pathol Jpn. 1988 June; 38(6): 761-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3218517

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): response to 'pulse' intravenous cyclophosphamide. Author(s): Chow CC, Li EK, Lai FM. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1989 July; 48(7): 605-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2774702

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss vasculitis) in pregnancy. Author(s): Debby A, Tanay A, Zakut H. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1993; 102(3): 307-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8219786

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Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Morita H, Kitano Y. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1996 October; 35(10): 726-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8891824

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Allergic granulomatosis secondary to a limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Cualing H, Schroder L, Perme C. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2001 July; 125(7): 954-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11419986

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Allergic granulomatosis without asthma: a rare 'forme fruste' of the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lipworth BJ, Slater DN, Corrin B, Kesseler ME, Haste AR. Source: Respiratory Medicine. 1989 May; 83(3): 249-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2595045

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Allergic granulomatosis: Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Degesys GE, Mintzer RA, Vrla RF. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980 December; 135(6): 1281-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6109444

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Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) associated with allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis. Author(s): Matsumoto H, Niimi A, Suzuki K, Kawai M, Matsui Y, Amitani R. Source: Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases. 2000; 67(5): 577-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11070467

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Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Rosenberg TF, Medsger TA Jr, DeCicco FA, Fireman P. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1975 January; 55(1): 56-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1110293

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Allergic granulomatous angitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) with multiple intestinal fistulas. Author(s): Matsuo K, Tomioka T, Tajima Y, Takayama K, Tamura H, Higami Y, Hirose K, Kanematsu T. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997 October; 92(10): 1937-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9382075

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Allergic granulomatous vasculitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome). Report of a case with widespread digestive involvement. Author(s): Modigliani R, Muschart JM, Galian A, Clauvel JP, Piel-Desruisseaux JL. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1981 March; 26(3): 264-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7238250

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Allergy and angiitis: two aspects of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Morishita M. Source: Intern Med. 2001 February; 40(2): 77. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11300165

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ANCA-positive Churg-Strauss syndrome with renal failure. Author(s): Rychlik I, Tesar V, Stejskalova A, Stejskal J, Honsova E, Bartunkova J. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1997 April; 12(4): 837-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9141031

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Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Kattah JC, Chrousos GA, Katz PA, McCasland B, Kolsky MP. Source: Neurology. 1994 November; 44(11): 2200-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7969987

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Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tervaert JW, Kallenberg CG. Source: Journal of Neurology. 1993 July; 240(7): 449-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8410089

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Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tervaert JW, Goldschmeding R, Elema JD, von dem Borne AE, Kallenberg CG. Source: Thorax. 1991 January; 46(1): 70-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1651566

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in systemic polyarteritis nodosa with and without hepatitis B virus infection and Churg-Strauss syndrome--62 patients. Author(s): Guillevin L, Visser H, Noel LH, Pourrat J, Vernier I, Gayraud M, Oksman F, Lesavre P. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993 August; 20(8): 1345-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7901412

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and abnormal angiograms in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: indications for the diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Brauner M, Casassus P. Source: Annales De Medecine Interne. 1995; 146(8): 548-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8734079

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in systemic polyarteritis nodosa with and without hepatitis B virus infection and Churg-Strauss syndrome--62 patients. Author(s): Hauschild S, Csernok E, Schmitt WH, Gross WL. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 June; 21(6): 1173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7932443

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, abnormal angiograms and pathological findings in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: indications for the classification of vasculitides of the polyarteritis Nodosa Group. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Amouroux J, Gherardi R, Callard P, Casassus P. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996 October; 35(10): 958-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8883433

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Aphonia as a rare prodromal symptom in a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome with coincident coeliac disease. Author(s): Beck C, Bock N, Proksch E, Kneba M, Schroder O. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2003 December; 42(12): 1565-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14645860

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Asthma drug linked with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Josefson D. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1997 August 9; 315(7104): 330. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9270450

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Asthma therapies and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lilly CM, Churg A, Lazarovich M, Pauwels R, Hendeles L, Rosenwasser LJ, Ledford D, Wechsler ME. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 January; 109(1): S1-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11799357

Studies

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Asymmetrical polyneuropathy associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Chotmongkol V, Arrayawichanon P, Chaiwiriyakul S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2001 June; 84(6): 907-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11556474

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Asymptomatic optic neuropathy associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Rosenblatt BJ, Foroozan R, Savino PJ. Source: Ophthalmology. 2003 August; 110(8): 1650-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12917188

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Atypical presentation of Churg-Strauss syndrome: another "forme fruste" of the disease? Author(s): Malik TQ, Youmbissi TJ, Gacha R, Abdelrahman M, Al-Khursany AI, Karkar A. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2002 November; 324(5): 276-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12449449

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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in allergic granulomatous angitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Kojima K, Omoto E, Katayama Y, Uno M, Takada I, Kimura G, Kanehiro A, Tada S, Hayashi K, Kimura I, Sanada H, Harada M. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 1996 February; 63(2): 149-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8867725

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Bilateral central retinal artery occlusion in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Udono T, Abe T, Sato H, Tamai M. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2003 December; 136(6): 1181-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14644243

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Branch retinal artery occlusion in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Dagi LR, Currie J. Source: J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1985 December; 5(4): 229-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2934426

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Branch retinal vein occlusion in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Rosenthal G, Schneck M, Lifshitz T. Source: Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. 2002 October; 30(5): 381-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12213169

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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Brushing, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and imprint cytology in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Babjakova L, Jurkovic I, Boor A, Krajcar R, Zak V, Toth S. Source: Cytopathology : Official Journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology. 2003 June; 14(3): 166-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12828729

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Bullous eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Schuttelaar ML, Jonkman MF. Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : Jeadv. 2003 January; 17(1): 91-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12602982

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Cardiac involvement and left ventricular failure in a patient with the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Azzopardi C, Montefort S, Mallia C. Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1999; 455: 547-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10599397

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Case 30-2000: Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Gruer P, Bold T, Vilardo L. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 March 15; 344(11): 858-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11252318

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Childhood Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Louthrenoo W, Norasetthada A, Khunamornpong S, Sreshthaputra A, Sukitawut W. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1999 June; 26(6): 1387-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10381061

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Childhood Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of a case. Author(s): Wang SJ, Yang YH, Lin YT, Tsai MJ, Chiang BL. Source: J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2000 December; 33(4): 263-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11269373

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Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia followed by Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Golstein MA, Steinfeld S. Source: Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1996 October; 63(9): 624-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8938874

Studies

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Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angitis) presenting with ileus caused by ischemic ileal ulcer. Author(s): Kaneki T, Kawashima A, Hayano T, Honda T, Kubo K, Koizumi T, Sekiguchi M, Ichikawa H, Matsuzawa K, Katsuyama T. Source: Journal of Gastroenterology. 1998 February; 33(1): 112-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9497232

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Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) in a patient receiving pranlukast. Author(s): Kobayashi S, Ishizuka S, Tamura N, Takaya M, Kaneda K, Hashimoto H. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2003 December; 22(6): 491-2. Epub 2003 November 04. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14677037

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Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) manifested as necrosis of fingers and toes and liver infarction. Author(s): Otani Y, Anzai S, Shibuya H, Fujiwara S, Takayasu S, Asada Y, Terashi H, Takuma M, Yokoyama S. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 2003 November; 30(11): 810-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14684939

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Churg-Strauss syndrome after reduction of inhaled corticosteroid in a patient treated with pranlukast for asthma. Author(s): Hashimoto M, Fujishima T, Tanaka H, Kon H, Saikai T, Suzuki A, Nakatsugawa M, Abe S. Source: Intern Med. 2001 May; 40(5): 432-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11393418

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Churg-Strauss syndrome and antiasthma therapy. Author(s): Frosi A, Foresi A, Bozzoni M, Ubbiali A, Vezzoli F. Source: Lancet. 1999 March 27; 353(9158): 1102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10199381

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Churg-Strauss syndrome and granulomatous cholangiopathy. Author(s): Brooklyn TN, Prouse P, Portmann B, Ramage JK. Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2000 July; 12(7): 809-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10929911

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Churg-Strauss syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Author(s): Val-Bernal JF, Mayorga M, Garcia-Alberdi E, Pozueta JA. Source: Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. 2003 March-April; 12(2): 94-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12684165

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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Churg-Strauss syndrome as an unusual cause of spontaneous atraumatic intrapericardial thrombosis. Author(s): Lau EW, Carruthers DM, Prasad N. Source: European Journal of Echocardiography : the Journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology. 2004 January; 5(1): 65-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15113013

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with fluticasone therapy. Author(s): Termeer C, Simon JC, Schopf E. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 2001 November; 137(11): 1527-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11708965

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists. Author(s): McAuley DF, McGovern V, Dick PT, Lawson JT, MacMahon J. Source: Ulster Med J. 2001 November; 70(2): 152-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11795768

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with montelukast therapy. Author(s): Tuggey JM, Hosker HS. Source: Thorax. 2000 September; 55(9): 805-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10950903

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with montelukast. Author(s): Mukhopadhyay A, Stanley NN. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2001 June; 77(908): 390-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11375453

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis in a diabetic patient. Author(s): Maeda Y, Tomura S, Kato K, Owada A, Imai K, Koyano T, Shimokama T, Watanabe T, Shiigai T. Source: Intern Med. 1997 January; 36(1): 68-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9058106

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with pregnancy. Author(s): Hiyama J, Shiota Y, Marukawa M, Horita N, Kanehisa Y, Ono T, Mashiba H. Source: Intern Med. 2000 November; 39(11): 985-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11065257

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with the leukotriene antagonist montelukast. Author(s): Boccagni C, Tesser F, Mittino D, Terazzi E, Naldi P, Colombi S, Zoppis E, Monaco F. Source: Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2004 April; 25(1): 21-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15060812

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Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with zafirlukast. Author(s): Holloway J, Ferriss J, Groff J, Craig TJ, Klinek M, Klinik M. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 May; 98(5): 275-8. Review. Erratum In: J Am Osteopath Assoc 1998 December; 98(12): 676. Klinik M[corrected to Klinek M]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9615559

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Churg-Strauss syndrome complicated by endomyocardial fibrosis and intraventricular thrombus. Importance of the echocardiography for the diagnosis of asymptomatic phases of potentially severe cardiac complications. Author(s): Leon-Ruiz L, Jimenez-Alonso J, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Diaz-Ricoma N, PerezAlvarez AF, Leon-Villaverde B, Lara-Torrano J, Concha-Lopez A. Source: Lupus. 2002; 11(11): 765-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12475009

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Churg-Strauss syndrome complicated by eosinophilic endomyocarditis. Author(s): Ramakrishna G, Connolly HM, Tazelaar HD, Mullany CJ, Midthun DE. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2000 June; 75(6): 631-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10852425

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in a 7-year-old receiving montelukast and inhaled corticosteroids. Author(s): Turvey SE, Vargas SO, Phipatanakul W. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 February; 90(2): 274. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12602680

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in a case of asthma. Author(s): Richeldi L, Rossi G, Ruggieri MP, Corbetta L, Fabbri LM. Source: Allergy. 2002 July; 57(7): 647-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12100309

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in a district hospital. Author(s): Reid AJ, Harrison BD, Watts RA, Watkin SW, McCann BG, Scott DG. Source: Qjm : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians. 1998 March; 91(3): 21929. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9604074

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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Churg-strauss syndrome in a group of patients receiving fluticasone for asthma. Author(s): Cooper SM, Libman BS, Lazarovich M. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 December; 29(12): 2651-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12465168

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in an HCV seropositive patient. Author(s): Dikensoy O, Bayram NG, Erbagci Z, Namiduru M, Filiz A, Ekinci E. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 2003 June; 57(5): 439-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12846354

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in patients receiving montelukast as treatment for asthma. Author(s): Wechsler ME, Finn D, Gunawardena D, Westlake R, Barker A, Haranath SP, Pauwels RA, Kips JC, Drazen JM. Source: Chest. 2000 March; 117(3): 708-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10712995

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Churg-Strauss syndrome in two patients receiving montelukast. Author(s): Guilpain P, Viallard JF, Lagarde P, Cohen P, Kambouchner M, Pellegrin JL, Guillevin L. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 May; 41(5): 535-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12011377

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Churg-Strauss syndrome involving medium-sized arteries. Author(s): Inui S, Itami S, Iwai C, Yoshikawa K. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 2001 March; 28(3): 161-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11349469

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Churg-Strauss syndrome involving the breast: a rare cause of eosinophilic mastitis. Author(s): Villalba-Nuno V, Sabate JM, Gomez A, Vidaller A, Catala I, Escobedo A, Torrubia S. Source: European Radiology. 2002 March; 12(3): 646-9. Epub 2001 November 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11870481

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Churg-Strauss syndrome is a form of serum sickness. Author(s): Marinkovich VA. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 September; 110(3): 536; Author Reply 536-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12209112

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Churg-Strauss syndrome leading to small bowel infarction: an unusual case of abdominal pain in a young patient. Author(s): Sookram S, Hancock-Friesen C, Ferguson JP, Sosnowski T, Russell LJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology = Journal Canadien De Gastroenterologie. 1998 April; 12(3): 219-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9582547

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Churg-Strauss syndrome manifested by urticarial plaques. Author(s): Tlacuilo-Parra A, Soto-Ortiz JA, Guevara-Gutierrez E. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2003 May; 42(5): 386-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12755980

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Churg-Strauss syndrome may be induced by leukotriene modifiers in severe asthma. Author(s): Choi IS, Koh YI, Joo JY, Lee SH, Bae WG. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 July; 91(1): 98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12877461

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Churg-Strauss syndrome occurring 30 years after the onset of ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Prekates AA, Orfanos SE, Routsi CJ, Ch Pantelidaki A, Roussos CS. Source: Respiratory Care. 2002 February; 47(2): 167-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11812273

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Churg-Strauss syndrome or other disease? Author(s): Acciarini AE, Rubino S, Biscarini L, Del FA. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 January-February; 20(1): 116; Author Reply 116-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11892698

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Churg-Strauss syndrome presented as multiple intracerebral hemorrhage. Author(s): Liou HH, Liu HM, Chiang IP, Yeh TS, Chen RC. Source: Lupus. 1997; 6(3): 279-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9104737

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Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as polymyositis. Author(s): De Vlam K, De Keyser F, Goemaere S, Praet M, Veys EM. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995 July-August; 13(4): 505-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7586786

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Author(s): Calvo-Romero JM, del Carmen Bonilla-Gracia M, Bureo-Dacal P. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2002 June; 21(3): 261-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12111635

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Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting with pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Author(s): Lai RS, Lin SL, Lai NS, Lee PC. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1998; 27(3): 230-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9645420

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Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting with visual loss. Author(s): Carmichael J, Conron M, Beynon H, Crow J, Warner TT. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2000 December; 39(12): 1433-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11136895

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Churg-Strauss syndrome revealed by acute abdominal pain. Author(s): Berlioz M, Triolo V, Sirvent N, Albertini M. Source: Pediatric Pulmonology. 2001 July; 32(1): 92-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11416881

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Churg-strauss syndrome with cholecystitis and renal involvement. Author(s): Tatsukawa H, Nagano S, Umeno Y, Oribe M. Source: Intern Med. 2003 September; 42(9): 893-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14518684

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with critical endomyocardial fibrosis: 10 year survival after combined surgical and medical management. Author(s): McGavin CR, Marshall AJ, Lewis CT. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2002 May; 87(5): E5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11997435

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with intestinal perforation. Author(s): Khan JA, Hassan I, Pervaiz S, Jafri W, Khan S. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 1996 May; 46(5): 109-10. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8961700

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with montelukast. Author(s): Weschler M. Source: Thorax. 2001 May; 56(5): 417. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11336052

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with multiple colorectal tiny erosions. Author(s): Goda K, Tada S, Uehara M, Ueno N, Ohwan T, Kamio T, Suko H. Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2001 September; 54(3): 360. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11522979

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with myocarditis manifesting as acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Shanks M, Ignaszewski AP, Chan SY, Allard MF. Source: The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2003 September; 19(10): 1184-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14532945

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with pachymeningitis refractory to steroid therapy atone--a case report. Author(s): Lio M, Fukuda S, Maguchi S, Kawanami M, Inuyama Y. Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx. 2001 May; 28 Suppl: S121-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11683330

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with perforating ulcers of the colon. Author(s): Kim YB, Choi SW, Park IS, Han JY, Hur YS, Chu YC. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2000 October; 15(5): 585-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11068998

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with peripheral polyneuropathy refractory to steroideal and immunosuppressive therapy successfully treated with plasma exchange. Author(s): Fregoni V, Perseghin P, Epis R, De Fazio P, Nalli G. Source: Recenti Prog Med. 1995 September; 86(9): 353-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7569297

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome with pleural involvement. Author(s): Hirasaki S, Kamei T, Iwasaki Y, Miyatake H, Hiratsuka I, Horiike A, Ogita Y, Matsuhashi Y, Yamamoto S. Source: Intern Med. 2000 November; 39(11): 976-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11065255

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Churg-Strauss syndrome with renal involvement: a case report. Author(s): Kitoh A, Nobuhara S, Takahashi K, Nishigori C, Miyachi Y. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 2001 February; 28(2): 71-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11320709

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Wardle EN. Source: Lancet. 2003 May 17; 361(9370): 1746. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12767768

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Noth I, Strek ME, Leff AR. Source: Lancet. 2003 February 15; 361(9357): 587-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12598156

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Sayer Q. Source: Nurs Times. 2000 June 15; 96(24 Suppl): Suppl 16. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11963424

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Harrison BD, Scott DG. Source: Thorax. 2001 October; 56(10): 818-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11596568

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Conron M, Beynon HL. Source: Thorax. 2000 October; 55(10): 870-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10992542

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Ramnarayan P, Sowmya S, Biswal N, Nalini P, Ratnakar C. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1998 May-June; 65(3): 467-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10772001

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Cottin V, Cordier JF. Source: Allergy. 1999 June; 54(6): 535-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10435467

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Wechsler M, Drazen JM. Source: Lancet. 1999 June 5; 353(9168): 1970-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10371594

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Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Gargulinski RB, Simpson DA, Wishnow R, Rentz LE, Jones MZ. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996 July; 96(7): 428-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8758878

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: a patient report in infancy. Author(s): Tomac N, Yuksek M, Kunak B, Ertan U, Igde M. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 2003 May; 42(4): 367-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12800734

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinical and serological features of 19 patients from a single Italian centre. Author(s): Della Rossa A, Baldini C, Tavoni A, Tognetti A, Neglia D, Sambuceti G, Puccini R, Colangelo C, Bombardieri S. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 November; 41(11): 1286-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12422002

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinical presentation, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. Author(s): Keogh KA, Specks U. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2003 September; 115(4): 284-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12967693

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: diagnostic difficulties and pathogenesis. Author(s): Diri E, Buscemi DM, Nugent KM. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2003 February; 325(2): 101-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12589235

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: is there an association with leukotriene modifiers? Author(s): Stoloff S, Stempel DA. Source: Chest. 2000 November; 118(5): 1515-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11083717

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: localization of eosinophil major basic protein in damaged tissues. Author(s): Peen E, Hahn P, Lauwers G, Williams RC Jr, Gleich G, Kephart GM. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000 August; 43(8): 1897-900. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10943883

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: outcome and long-term follow-up of 32 patients. Author(s): Solans R, Bosch JA, Perez-Bocanegra C, Selva A, Huguet P, Alijotas J, Orriols R, Armadans L, Vilardell M. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2001 July; 40(7): 763-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11477281

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: outcome and long-term follow-up of 32 patients. Comment on the article by Solans et al. Author(s): Rios Blanco JJ, Gomez Cerezo J, Suarez I, Gutierrez M, Vazquez JJ, Barbado FJ. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 August; 41(8): 946-7; Author Reply 947. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12154216

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: serum markers of lymphocyte activation and endothelial damage. Author(s): Schmitt WH, Csernok E, Kobayashi S, Klinkenborg A, Reinhold-Keller E, Gross WL. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1998 March; 41(3): 445-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9506572

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: successful treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. Author(s): Assaf C, Mewis G, Orfanos CE, Geilen CC. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2004 March; 150(3): 598-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15030353

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: survival for 26 years. Author(s): Vemuri P, Greenberger PA, Patterson R. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 June; 88(6): 640-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12086374

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: the spectrum of pulmonary CT findings in 17 patients. Author(s): Worthy SA, Muller NL, Hansell DM, Flower CD. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1998 February; 170(2): 297-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9456932

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: the use of cyclophosphamide in mononeuritis. Author(s): Hoi AY, Morand EF. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2003 February; 42(2): 390-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12595649

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Churg-Strauss syndrome: update on recent developments. Author(s): Gross WL. Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 2002 January; 14(1): 11-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11790990

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Clinicopathological features of Churg-Strauss syndrome-associated neuropathy. Author(s): Hattori N, Ichimura M, Nagamatsu M, Li M, Yamamoto K, Kumazawa K, Mitsuma T, Sobue G. Source: Brain; a Journal of Neurology. 1999 March; 122 ( Pt 3): 427-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10094252

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Clinicopathological studies of peripheral neuropathy in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Nagashima T, Cao B, Takeuchi N, Chuma T, Mano Y, Fujimoto M, Nunomura M, Oshikiri T, Miyazaki K, Dohke M, Kashimura N, Shinohara T, Orba Y, Ishizawa S, Nagashima K. Source: Neuropathology : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology. 2002 December; 22(4): 299-307. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12564771

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Comment to the paper "eosinophil active cytokines and surface analysis of eosinophils in Churg-Strauss syndrome" (Jan.-Feb., 1999). Author(s): Wozel G, Grohmann J, Buchner L, Blumlein K, Jacobi H. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 2000 May-June; 21(3): 167-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10892519

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Congestive cardiomyopathy and endobronchial granulomas as manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Alvarez-Sala R, Prados C, Armada E, Del Arco A, Villamor J. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1995 June; 71(836): 365-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7644400

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Coronary involvement in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hellemans S, Dens J, Knockaert D. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 1997 June; 77(6): 576-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9227307

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Corticosteroids plus pulse cyclophosphamide and plasma exchanges versus corticosteroids plus pulse cyclophosphamide alone in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome patients with factors predicting poor prognosis. A prospective, randomized trial in sixty-two patients. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Cohen P, Jarrousse B, Lortholary O, Genereau T, Leon A, Bussel A. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995 November; 38(11): 1638-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7488285

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Crescentic glomerulonephritis and elevated antimyeloperoxidase antibody in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Minami J, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Okano Y, Inenaga T, Nakanishi N, Kunieda T, Yutani C. Source: Nephron. 1997; 77(1): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9380224

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Cutaneous lesions of Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with montelukast therapy. Author(s): Gal AA, Morris RJ, Pine JR, Spraker MK. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2002 September; 147(3): 618-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12207620

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Cutaneous manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome: a clinicopathologic correlation. Author(s): Davis MD, Daoud MS, McEvoy MT, Su WP. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1997 August; 37(2 Pt 1): 199203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9270504

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Delayed diagnosis: recurrent cerebral infarction associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Kang DW, Kim DE, Yoon BW, Seo JW, Roh JK. Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland). 2001; 12(3): 280-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11641597

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Delayed relapse of Churg-Strauss syndrome manifesting as colon ulcers with mucosal granulomas: 3 cases. Author(s): Memain N, De BM, Guillevin L, Wechsler B, Meyer O. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 February; 29(2): 388-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11838861

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Deposition of eosinophil cationic protein in granulomas in allergic granulomatosis and vasculitis: the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tai PC, Holt ME, Denny P, Gibbs AR, Williams BD, Spry CJ. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1984 August 18; 289(6442): 400-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6432117

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Dermacase. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Turchin I, Adams SP. Source: Can Fam Physician. 2003 November; 49: 1449, 1456-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14649981

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Diagnostic features and differential diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome in the lung. A review. Author(s): Katzenstein AL. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2000 November; 114(5): 767-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11068552

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Difficult asthma or Churg-Strauss syndrome? Author(s): D'Cruz DP, Barnes NC, Lockwood CM. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1999 February 20; 318(7182): 475-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10024248

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Drug-related Churg-Strauss syndrome? Author(s): Somogyi A, Muzes G, Molnar J, Tulassay Z. Source: Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicological Reviews. 1998 June-September; 17(23): 63-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9838966

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Effects of a nitro compound patch on neuropathy in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tsurikisawa N, Taniguchi M, Suzuki S, Akiyama K. Source: Allergy. 2003 July; 58(7): 686-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12823139

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Elevated interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 production by T cell lines from patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Kiene M, Csernok E, Muller A, Metzler C, Trabandt A, Gross WL. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001 February; 44(2): 469-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11229479

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Endomyocardial complications of the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lanham JG, Cooke S, Davies J, Hughes GR. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1985 April; 61(714): 341-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4022868

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Endomyocardial fibrosis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Mukherjee B, Chir B, Moon JC, Sandrasagra M, Pennell DJ. Source: Clin Cardiol. 2004 January; 27(1): 21. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14743851

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Eosinophil active cytokines and surface analysis of eosinophils in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tsukadaira A, Okubo Y, Kitano K, Horie S, Momose T, Takashi S, Suzuki J, Isobe M, Sekiguchi M. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 1999 January-February; 20(1): 39-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10076708

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Eosinophilic granuloma and necrotizing vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome?) involving a parotid gland, lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Author(s): Gambari PF, Ostuni PA, Lazzarin P, Fassina A, Todesco S. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1989; 18(3): 171-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2772566

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Eosinophilic vasculitic neuropathy in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Oh SJ, Herrera GA, Spalding DM, Herrara GA. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1986 September; 29(9): 1173-5. Erratum In: Arthritis Rheum 1986 November; 29(11): 1416. Herrara Ga[corrected to Herrera Ga]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2875720

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Eosinophilic vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) involving the urethra. Author(s): Walsh I, Loughridge WG, Keane PF. Source: British Journal of Urology. 1994 August; 74(2): 255-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7921951

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Epidemiology of Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Watts RA, Scott DG, Lane SE. Source: Cleve Clin J Med. 2002; 69 Suppl 2: Sii84-6. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12086272

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Evidence for pathogenic involvementof eosinophils and neutrophilsin Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Drage LA, Davis MD, De Castro F, Van Keulen V, Weiss EA, Gleich GJ, Leiferman KM. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002 August; 47(2): 209-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12140466

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Evolution to dilated cardiomyopathy from acute eosinophilic pancarditis in ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Terasaki F, Hayashi T, Hirota Y, Okabe M, Suwa M, Deguchi H, Kitaura Y, Kawamura K. Source: Heart and Vessels. 1997; 12(1): 43-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9288559

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Exophthalmos and facial swelling: a case of limited Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Khan NA, Shenoy PK, McClymont L, Palmer TJ. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1996 June; 110(6): 578-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8763383

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Experience of 10 years with Churg-Strauss syndrome: An accompaniment to or a transition from aspirin-induced asthma? Author(s): Kalyoncu A, Karakaya G, Sahin A, Artvinli M. Source: Allergologia Et Immunopathologia. 2001 September-October; 29(5): 185-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11720651

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Familial vasculitides: Churg-Strauss syndrome and Wegener's granulomatosis in 2 first-degree relatives. Author(s): Manganelli P, Giacosa R, Fietta P, Zanetti A, Neri TM. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2003 March; 30(3): 618-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12610825

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Formes frustes of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Churg A, Brallas M, Cronin SR, Churg J. Source: Chest. 1995 August; 108(2): 320-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7634860

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Fulminant pregnancy-related Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Connolly JO, Lanham JG, Partridge MR. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 August; 33(8): 776-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8055209

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Ga-67 uptake in ischemic enteritis in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Ohta H, Shintaku M, Iwaisako K, Arimoto A, Nakashima Y, Ukikusa M. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 July; 26(7): 653. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11416762

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Gangrene of the feet in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Naschitz JE, Loberman Z, Wolffson V, Babich JP, Yeshurun D. Source: Vascular Medicine (London, England). 2003 May; 8(2): 129-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14518616

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Gastrointestinal tract involvement in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gallais V, Jarrousse B, Royer I, Gayraud M, Benichou J. Source: Annales De Medecine Interne. 1995; 146(4): 260-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7653948

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Glomerular lesions in patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome and the antimyeloperoxidase antibody. Author(s): Kikuchi Y, Ikehata N, Tajima O, Yoshizawa N, Miura S. Source: Clinical Nephrology. 2001 June; 55(6): 429-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11434353

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Granulomatous vasculitis. Wegener's granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Specks U, DeRemee RA. Source: Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 1990 May; 16(2): 377-97. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2189156

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Heart transplantation for Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Thomson D, Chamsi-Pasha H, Hasleton P. Source: British Heart Journal. 1989 November; 62(5): 409-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2590597

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Hepatitis C infection, cryoglobulinemia, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lamprecht P, Reinhold-Keller E, Gross WL. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000 November; 27(11): 2721-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11093462

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Hepatitis C virus infection with and without cryoglobulinemia as a case of ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Mercie P, Viallard JF, Faure I, Trimoulet P, Vital A, Lifermann F, Leng B, Pellegrin JL. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000 March; 27(3): 814-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10743831

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Hyperresponsiveness of granulocytes to anaphylatoxins, C5a and C3a, in ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Tanaka T, Abe M, Mitsuyama T, Fukuoka Y, Sakurada T, Hara N. Source: Intern Med. 1995 October; 34(10): 1005-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8563079

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IgA glomerulonephritis associated with microscopic polyangiitis or Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Richer C, Mouthon L, Cohen P, Buchet P, Royer I, Guettier C, Guillevin L. Source: Clinical Nephrology. 1999 July; 52(1): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10442496

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IgG and IgM rheumatoid factor levels parallel interleukin-6 during the vasculitic phase in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Fujino S, Inoue Y, Hiwada K. Source: Intern Med. 1995 July; 34(7): 646-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7496076

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Image of the month. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hokama A, Kinjo F, Hirata T. Source: Gastroenterology. 2004 March; 126(3): 642, 945. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14988815

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Improved differentiation between Churg-Strauss syndrome and Wegener's granulomatosis by an artificial neural network. Author(s): Schmitt WH, Linder R, Reinhold-Keller E, Gross WL. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001 August; 44(8): 1887-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11508442

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Inflammatory cells and cellular activation in the lower respiratory tract in ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Schnabel A, Csernok E, Braun J, Gross WL. Source: Thorax. 1999 September; 54(9): 771-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10456969

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Inhaled corticosteroids and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a report of five cases. Author(s): Le Gall C, Pham S, Vignes S, Garcia G, Nunes H, Fichet D, Simonneau G, Duroux P, Humbert M. Source: The European Respiratory Journal : Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000 May; 15(5): 978-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10853870

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Interferon-alpha in corticosteroid-resistant asthma and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Mouthon L, Guillevin L. Source: Allergy. 2003 December; 58(12): 1244-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14616097

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Interferon-alpha treatment of four patients with the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tatsis E, Schnabel A, Gross WL. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998 September 1; 129(5): 370-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9735064

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Interleukins in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Kurosawa M, Nakagami R, Morioka J, Inamura H, Mizushima Y, Sugawara N, Yamashita T, Yokoseki T, Kitamura S, Omura Y, Shibata M, Chihara J. Source: Allergy. 2000 August; 55(8): 785-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10955712

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Intracranial meningeal involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Tokumaru AM, Obata T, Kohyama S, Kaji T, Okizuka H, Suzuki K, Kusano S. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2002 February; 23(2): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11847045

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Intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from necrotizing vasculitis of the choroid plexus in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Chang Y, Kargas SA, Goates JJ, Horoupian DS. Source: Clin Neuropathol. 1993 March-April; 12(2): 84-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8097441

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Involvement of soluble CD95 in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Muschen M, Warskulat U, Perniok A, Even J, Moers C, Kismet B, Temizkan N, Simon D, Schneider M, Haussinger D. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 1999 September; 155(3): 915-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10487849

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Is spontaneous dissection of the coronary artery with eosinophilia a limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome? Author(s): Hunsaker JC 3rd, O'Connor WN, Lie JT. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1994 September; 118(9): 863-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8080352

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Ischemic optic neuritis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Giorgi D, Lagana B, Giorgi A, Verrastro G, Grandinetti F, Grandinetti PP, Gabrieli CB. Source: Recenti Prog Med. 1997 June; 88(6): 273-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9233054

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Isolated eosinophilic coronary arteritis and eosinophilic myocarditis. A limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lie JT, Bayardo RJ. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1989 February; 113(2): 199-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2916909

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Lack of evidence for an association between hantavirus infections and Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and giant cell arteritis. Author(s): Gerke P, Wichmann D, Schonermarck U, Schutt M, Feldmann H, Ksiazek TG, Rob PM, Gross WL. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2000 December; 39(12): 1424-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11136889

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Lack of superiority of steroids plus plasma exchange to steroids alone in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. A prospective, randomized trial in 78 patients. Author(s): Guillevin L, Fain O, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Le Thi Huong D, Bussel A, Leon A. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1992 February; 35(2): 208-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1346499

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Large bowel obstruction heralding Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Vaglio A, Corradi D, Ronda N, Garini G, Buzio C. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2004 March; 99(3): 562-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15056102

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Leukotriene antagonists and Churg-Strauss syndrome: the smoking gun. Author(s): Stirling RG, Chung KF. Source: Thorax. 1999 October; 54(10): 865-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10491447

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Leukotriene antagonists and the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Jamaleddine G, Diab K, Tabbarah Z, Tawil A, Arayssi T. Source: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002 February; 31(4): 218-27. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11836655

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Leukotriene antagonists: bystanders or causes of Churg-Strauss syndrome? Author(s): Masi AT, Hamilos DL. Source: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002 February; 31(4): 211-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11836654

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Leukotriene modifiers and Churg-Strauss syndrome: adverse effect or response to corticosteroid withdrawal? Author(s): Wechsler ME, Pauwels R, Drazen JM. Source: Drug Safety : an International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience. 1999 October; 21(4): 241-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10514017

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Limited form of Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting as a mass in the neck. Author(s): Moor JW, U-King Im J, MacDonald AW, Whitehead E. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 November; 116(11): 966-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12487682

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Limited forms of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lie JT. Source: Pathol Annu. 1993; 28 Pt 2: 199-220. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8356004

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Long-term followup of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and ChurgStrauss syndrome: analysis of four prospective trials including 278 patients. Author(s): Gayraud M, Guillevin L, le Toumelin P, Cohen P, Lhote F, Casassus P, Jarrousse B; French Vasculitis Study Group. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001 March; 44(3): 666-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11263782

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Low-dose interferon alfa-2b for the treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with prominent skin involvement. Author(s): Termeer CC, Simon JC, Schopf E. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 2001 February; 137(2): 136-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11176683

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Lymph node manifestations of limited Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Casey M, Radel E, Ratech H. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2000 September-October; 22(5): 468-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11037864

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Lymphocyte subpopulations in allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Kus J, Bergin C, Miller R, Ongley R, Churg A, Enarson D. Source: Chest. 1985 June; 87(6): 826-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3158486

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Macrolide-induced Churg-Strauss syndrome in a patient with atopy. Author(s): Hubner C, Dietz A, Stremmel W, Stiehl A, Andrassy H. Source: Lancet. 1997 August 23; 350(9077): 563. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9284783

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Macrolide-induced Churg-Strauss syndrome in patient with atopy. Author(s): Kranke B, Aberer W. Source: Lancet. 1997 November 22; 350(9090): 1551-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9388427

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Marginal infiltrative ulcerative keratitis secondary to Churg-Strauss syndrome: a case report. Author(s): Bawazeer AM, Jackson WB. Source: Cornea. 2000 May; 19(3): 402-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10832709

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Mononeuritis in Churg-Strauss syndrome in Asians responding to intravenous cyclophosphamide. Author(s): Loo KL, Ramachandran R, Chow SK, Goh EM, Yeap SS. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2004 February; 43(2): 251-2; Author Reply 251. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14739474

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Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Solans R, Bosch JA, Selva A, Orriols R, Vilardell M. Source: Thorax. 2002 February; 57(2): 183-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11828052

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Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hosker HS, Tuggey JM. Source: Thorax. 2001 March; 56(3): 244. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11245146

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Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lipworth BJ, Wilson AM. Source: Thorax. 2001 March; 56(3): 244. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11245145

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Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Donohue JF. Source: Chest. 2001 February; 119(2): 668. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11171764

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Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Villena V, Hidalgo R, Sotelo MT, Martin-Escribano P. Source: The European Respiratory Journal : Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. 2000 March; 15(3): 626. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10759464

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Montelukast-associated Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Michael AB, Murphy D. Source: Age and Ageing. 2003 September; 32(5): 551-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12958007

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More about Churg-Strauss syndrome and montelukast treatment. Author(s): Sabio JM, Jimenez-Alonso J, Gonzalez-Crespo F. Source: Chest. 2001 December; 120(6): 2116. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11742954

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Mortality and morbidity in peripheral neuropathy associated Churg-Strauss syndrome and microscopic polyangiitis. Author(s): Hattori N, Mori K, Misu K, Koike H, Ichimura M, Sobue G. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2002 July; 29(7): 1408-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12136898

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Multiple colonic ulcers caused by Churg-Strauss syndrome in a 15-year-old girl. Author(s): Lin TL, Wang CR, Liu MF, Chen PC, Shan YS, Jin YT, Chien CH. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2001; 20(5): 362-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11642519

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Myocardial involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome: the role of endomyocardial biopsy. Author(s): Leung WH, Wong KK, Lau CP, Wong CK, Cheng CH, So KF. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1989 June; 16(6): 828-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2528635

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Nasal manifestations of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Olsen KD, Neel HB 3rd, Deremee RA, Weiland LH. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1980 January-February; 88(1): 859. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7393606

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Necrotizing myocardial vasculitis in Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinicohistologic evaluation of steroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Author(s): Frustaci A, Gentiloni N, Chimenti C, Natale L, Gasbarrini G, Maseri A. Source: Chest. 1998 November; 114(5): 1484-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9824037

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Neuro-laryngeal involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Mazzantini M, Fattori B, Matteucci F, Gaeta P, Ursino F. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1998; 255(6): 302-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9693926

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Neurologic manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Sehgal M, Swanson JW, DeRemee RA, Colby TV. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1995 April; 70(4): 337-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7898138

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Neuropathy associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). Author(s): Stassijns G, Vanderstraeten G, Troise WR, Manganelli P. Source: Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994 October-November; 34(7): 391-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7859666

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New developments in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Langford CA, Sneller MC. Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1997 January; 9(1): 26-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9110130

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Nonasthmatic case of Churg-Strauss syndrome with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Author(s): Yamashita Y, Yorioka N, Taniguchi Y, Yamakido M, Watanabe C, Kitamura T, Nakamura S. Source: Intern Med. 1998 June; 37(6): 561-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9678694

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Ophthalmological and neuro-ophthalmological involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome: a case report. Author(s): Vitali C, Genovesi-Ebert F, Romani A, Jeracitano G, Nardi M. Source: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 1996 June; 234(6): 404-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8738708

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Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and ischemic vasculitis in Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Takanashi T, Uchida S, Arita M, Okada M, Kashii S. Source: Ophthalmology. 2001 June; 108(6): 1129-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11382641

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Orbital myositis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Billing K, Malhotra R, Selva D, Dodd T. Source: Archives of Ophthalmology. 2004 March; 122(3): 393-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15006860

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Osler's unusual case--was it Churg-Strauss syndrome? Author(s): Warren P. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1999 October 5; 161(7): 846-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10530305

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Otological manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Ishiyama A, Canalis RF. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2001 September; 111(9): 1619-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11568616

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Outcome of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. An analysis of twentyfive patients. Author(s): Abu-Shakra M, Smythe H, Lewtas J, Badley E, Weber D, Keystone E. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1994 December; 37(12): 1798-803. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7986227

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Perforation of small intestine caused by Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Sharma MC, Safaya R, Sidhu BS. Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 1996 October; 23(3): 232-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8899510

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Perfusion lung scanning with Tc-99m MAA in the assessment of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Burroni L, Bertelli P, Vella A, Volterrani D, Coniglio G, Vattimo A. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1995 April; 20(4): 370-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7789000

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Peripheral nerve involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Marazzi R, Pareyson D, Boiardi A, Corbo M, Scaioli V, Sghirlanzoni A. Source: Journal of Neurology. 1992 July; 239(6): 317-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1324984

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Peripheral neuropathy associated with allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): clinical features and histological findings. Author(s): Cavallaro T, Fenzi F, Lazzarino LG, Nicolai A, Rizzuto N, Valassi F. Source: Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 1988 December; 9(6): 595-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2852178

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Peripheral neuropathy in Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with IgA-C3 deposits. Author(s): O'Donovan CA, Keogan M, Staunton H, Browne O, Farrell MA. Source: Annals of Neurology. 1992 September; 32(3): 411. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1329612

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Persistence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in asymptomatic patients with systemic polyarteritis nodosa or Churg-Strauss syndrome: follow-up of 53 patients. Author(s): Cohen P, Guillevin L, Baril L, Lhote F, Noel LH, Lesavre P. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995 March-April; 13(2): 193-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7656465

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Pictures in clinical medicine. Fungal endophthalmitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Fujita Y, Yoshizawa T, Sakata N, Okoshi N, Yamamoto N, Tamaoka A, Hommura S, Shoji S. Source: Intern Med. 2002 February; 41(2): 167. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11868608

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Pleural effusion in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Erzurum SC, Underwood GA, Hamilos DL, Waldron JA. Source: Chest. 1989 June; 95(6): 1357-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2721280

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Polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. An internist's view. Author(s): Guillevin L, Gayraud M, Casassus P. Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1993; 336: 173-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7905230

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Polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and other eosinophilic syndromes. Author(s): Alarcon-Segovia D. Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1990 February; 2(1): 50-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1977462

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Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lhote F, Cohen P, Guillevin L. Source: Lupus. 1998; 7(4): 238-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9643314

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Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical aspects and treatment. Author(s): Lhote F, Guillevin L. Source: Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 1995 November; 21(4): 911-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8592743

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Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinical aspects, neurologic manifestations, and treatment. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gherardi R. Source: Neurologic Clinics. 1997 November; 15(4): 865-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9367969

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Prevalence of serious eosinophilia and incidence of Churg-Strauss syndrome in a cohort of asthma patients. Author(s): Loughlin JE, Cole JA, Rothman KJ, Johnson ES. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 March; 88(3): 319-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11926627

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Prevalences of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome in a French urban multiethnic population in 2000: a capture-recapture estimate. Author(s): Mahr A, Guillevin L, Poissonnet M, Ayme S. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004 February 15; 51(1): 92-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14872461

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Prinzmetal's angina pectoris revealing aneurysm of the right coronary artery during evolution of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Drogue M, Vergnon JM, Wintzer B, Antoine JC, Malquarti V. Source: Chest. 1993 March; 103(3): 978. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8095450

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Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. A prospective study in 342 patients. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, Cohen P, Jarrousse B, Lortholary O, Thibult N, Casassus P. Source: Medicine; Analytical Reviews of General Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, Dermatology, and Pediatrics. 1996 January; 75(1): 17-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8569467

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Prolonged survival in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Todd DC, Cockcroft DW. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2004 January; 92(1): 92-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14756472

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Prominent pericardial and myocardial lesions in the Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Author(s): Davison AG, Thompson PJ, Davies J, Corrin B, Turner-Warwick M. Source: Thorax. 1983 October; 38(10): 793-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6648860

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Pulmonary infarction and deep venous thrombosis in a 13-year-old boy with ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Ikemoto Y, Kohdera U, Uraoka M, Teraguchi M, Okamura A, Kobayashi Y. Source: Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2001 August; 43(4): 441-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11472598

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Quiz case 4. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Levin DL, Edinburgh KJ, Hatabu H. Source: European Journal of Radiology. 1999 February; 29(2): 149-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10374662

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Recent advances in the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Churg A. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2001 December; 14(12): 1284-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11743052

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Recent progress in the pharmacotherapy of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hellmich B, Gross WL. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2004 January; 5(1): 25-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14680433

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Relationship between the development of blindness in Churg-Strauss syndrome and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies. Author(s): Sutcliffe N, Morris V, Gomperts B, Brazier DJ, Isenberg DA, Cambridge G. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1997 February; 36(2): 273-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9133946

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Renal disease in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Diagnosis, management and outcome. Author(s): Gaskin G, Clutterbuck EJ, Pusey CD. Source: Contrib Nephrol. 1991; 94: 58-65. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1807895

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Renal involvement in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Clutterbuck EJ, Evans DJ, Pusey CD. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1990; 5(3): 161-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2113641

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Reversal of coronary artery occlusions in allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (ChurgStrauss syndrome). Author(s): Isaka N, Araki S, Shibata M, Takebayashi S, Yada T, Konishi T, Nakano T. Source: American Heart Journal. 1994 September; 128(3): 609-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8074026

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Reversible acute renal failure due to Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Davenport A, McDicken I, Goldsmith HJ. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1988 September; 64(755): 713-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3251230

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Reversible monocular blindness complicating Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Alberts AR, Lasonde R, Ackerman KR, Chartash EK, Susin M, Furie RA. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 February; 21(2): 363-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8182653

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Reversible myocardial impairment in the Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of a case. Author(s): Balestrieri GP, Valentini U, Cerudelli B, Spandrio S, Renaldini E. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992 January-February; 10(1): 75-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1551283

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Seven cases of complete and incomplete forms of Churg-Strauss syndrome not related to leukotriene receptor antagonists. Author(s): Bili A, Condemi JJ, Bottone SM, Ryan CK. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 November; 104(5): 10605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10550753

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Severe alveolar haemorrhage in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Clutterbuck EJ, Pusey CD. Source: Eur J Respir Dis. 1987 September; 71(3): 158-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3678416

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Severe polyneuropathy in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Bazzi P, Tancredi L, Scarpini E, Messina S, Sciacco M, Livraghi S, Vanoli M, Prelle A, Scarlato G, Moggio M. Source: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System : Jpns. 2000 June; 5(2): 106-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10905470

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Simultaneous presence of C-ANCA and P-ANCA in a patient with concurrent ChurgStrauss syndrome and giant cell temporal arteritis. Author(s): Guardiola JM, Rodriguez-Pla A, Lopez-Contreras J, Llobet JM, Domingo P, Franco M, Diaz C, Vazquez G. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 2000; 29(1): 68-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10722262

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Small blood vessel disease in allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) Author(s): Lichtig C, Ludatscher R, Eisenberg E, Bental E. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1989 September; 42(9): 1001-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2794071

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Solving a severe asthma episode. What is your diagnosis? Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Chaudhry B, O'Brien A. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 2001 November; 110(5): 23-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11727650

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Spontaneous coronary arterial dissection and isolated eosinophilic coronary arteritis: sudden cardiac death in a patient with a limited variant of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hunsaker JC 3rd, O'Connor WN, Lie JT. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1992 August; 67(8): 761-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1434915

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Sputum eosinophilia in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Meziane H, Maakel ML, Vachier I, Bousquet J, Chanez P. Source: Respiratory Medicine. 2001 October; 95(10): 799-801. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11601744

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Steroids and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Churg A, Churg J. Source: Lancet. 1998 July 4; 352(9121): 32-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9800746

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Successful pregnancy in a Churg-Strauss syndrome patient with a history of intrauterine fetal death. Author(s): Ogasawara M, Kajiura S, Inagaki H, Sasa H, Aoki K, Yagami Y. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1995 October; 108(2): 200-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7549510

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Successful pregnancy in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Cormio G, Cramarossa D, Di Vagno G, Masciandaro A, Loverro G. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1995 May; 60(1): 81-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7635237

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Surviving catastrophic gastrointestinal involvement due to Churg-Strauss syndrome: report of a case. Author(s): Boggi U, Mosca M, Giulianotti PC, Naccarato AG, Bombardieri S, Mosca F. Source: Hepatogastroenterology. 1997 July-August; 44(16): 1169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9261619

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Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the ChurgStrauss syndrome. Author(s): Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, Hughes GR. Source: Medicine; Analytical Reviews of General Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, Dermatology, and Pediatrics. 1984 March; 63(2): 65-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6366453

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Test and teach. Number ninety-four: Part 1. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Scolyer RA. Source: Pathology. 1999 August; 31(3): 217-8, 275-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10503265

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The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of ChurgStrauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Author(s): Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, et al. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1990 August; 33(8): 1094-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2202307

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The analysis of mRNA expression of cytokines from skin lesions in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Fujioka A, Yamamoto T, Takasu H, Kawano K, Masuzawa M, Katsuoka K, Jinno S. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1998 March; 25(3): 171-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9575680

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The Churg-Strauss syndrome after pranlukast treatment in a patient not receiving corticosteroids. Author(s): Katsura T, Yoshida F, Takinishi Y. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 2003 September 2; 139(5 Pt 1): 386-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12965953

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The Churg-Strauss syndrome. A case report with angiographically documented coronary involvement and a review of the literature. Author(s): Kozak M, Gill EA, Green LS. Source: Chest. 1995 February; 107(2): 578-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7842802

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The classification of vasculitis and a reappraisal of allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Author(s): Lie JT. Source: The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York. 1986 June; 53(6): 429-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2876377

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The relationship of asthma therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: NIH workshop summary report. Author(s): Weller PF, Plaut M, Taggart V, Trontell A. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001 August; 108(2): 175-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11496231

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Therapy of resistant systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Polyarteritis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, and hypersensitivity vasculitis group disorders. Author(s): Calabrese LH, Hoffman GS, Guillevin L. Source: Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 1995 February; 21(1): 41-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7732173

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Thoracic manifestation of Churg-Strauss syndrome: radiologic and clinical findings. Author(s): Choi YH, Im JG, Han BK, Kim JH, Lee KY, Myoung NH. Source: Chest. 2000 January; 117(1): 117-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10631208

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Thrombosis in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Beyond vasculitis? Author(s): Ames PR, Roes L, Lupoli S, Pickering M, Brancaccio V, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996 November; 35(11): 1181-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8948312

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Thrombosis of the retinal artery in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Granata M, Ammendolea C, Trudu R, Spimpolo N, Martelletti P. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 March-April; 19(2): 234. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11326501

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Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Author(s): Hamilos DL, Christensen J. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1991 November; 88(5): 823-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1955642

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Treatment of glomerulonephritis in microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Indications of plasma exchanges, Meta-analysis of 2 randomized studies on 140 patients, 32 with glomerulonephritis. Author(s): Guillevin L, Cevallos R, Durand-Gasselin B, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Callard P. Source: Annales De Medecine Interne. 1997; 148(3): 198-204. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9255326

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Treatment of good-prognosis polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: comparison of steroids and oral or pulse cyclophosphamide in 25 patients. French Cooperative Study Group for Vasculitides. Author(s): Gayraud M, Guillevin L, Cohen P, Lhote F, Cacoub P, Deblois P, Godeau B, Ruel M, Vidal E, Piontud M, Ducroix JP, Lassoued S, Christoforov B, Babinet P. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1997 December; 36(12): 1290-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9448590

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Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome. A meta-analysis of 3 prospective controlled trials including 182 patients over 12 years. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Fain O. Source: Annales De Medecine Interne. 1992; 143(6): 405-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1363508

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Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: indications of plasma exchanges. Author(s): Guillevin L, Lhote F. Source: Transfusion Science. 1994 December; 15(4): 371-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10155556

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Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: where do we stand? Author(s): Langford CA. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2001 March; 44(3): 508-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11263763

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Treatment of psychotic depression associated with steroid therapy in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Ismail M, Lyster G. Source: Ir Med J. 2002 January; 95(1): 18-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11928783

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Unusual complications in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Alvarez C, Asensi V, Rodriguez-Guardado A, Casado L, Ablanedo P, Alvarez-Navascues C. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002 January; 61(1): 94-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11779780

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Update on the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Hellmich B, Ehlers S, Csernok E, Gross WL. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 November-December; 21(6 Suppl 32): S69-77. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14740430

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Ureteral granuloma in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Fernandez AJ. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1978 September; 53(9): 618. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=682693

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Ureteral involvement in the Churg-Strauss syndrome: a case report. Author(s): Cortellini P, Manganelli P, Poletti F, Sacchini P, Ambanelli U, Bezzi E. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1988 November; 140(5): 1016-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3050151

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Urinary eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Cottin V, Tardy F, Gindre D, Vernet G, Deviller P, Cordier JF. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 August; 96(2): 261-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7636065

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Vasculitis: Wegener granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, and Takayasu arteritis. Author(s): Frankel SK, Sullivan EJ, Brown KK. Source: Critical Care Clinics. 2002 October; 18(4): 855-79. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12418444

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Vertigo and Parinaud's syndrome as presentation of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Plaza G, Yanguela J, Lopez-Lafuente J, Linares MJ. Source: Lupus. 2001; 10(9): 653-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11678456

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Wegener's granulomatosis and the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Faul JL, Kuschner WG. Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 2001 August; 21(1): 17-26. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11471338

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Wells syndrome associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Lee SC, Shin SS, Lee JB, Won YH. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2000 September; 43(3): 556-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10954676

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Zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Wechsler ME, Drazen JM. Source: Chest. 1999 July; 116(1): 266-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10424543

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Zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Churg J, Churg A. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998 June 24; 279(24): 1949-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9643850

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Zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Honsinger RW. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998 June 24; 279(24): 1949; Author Reply 1950. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9643849

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Zafirlukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Author(s): Katz RS, Papernik M. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998 June 24; 279(24): 1949; Author Reply 1950. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9643848

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CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CHURGSTRAUSS SYNDROME Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to Churg-Strauss syndrome and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to Churg-Strauss syndrome: •

A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting with cortical blindness. Author(s): Dinc A, Soy M, Pay S, Simsek I, Erdem H, Sobaci G. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2000; 19(4): 318-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10941817

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Oxidative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus and allied conditions with vascular involvement. Author(s): Ames PR, Alves J, Murat I, Isenberg DA, Nourooz-Zadeh J. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 1999 June; 38(6): 529-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10402073

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Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Author(s): Tsurikisawa N, Taniguchi M, Saito H, Himeno H, Ishibashi A, Suzuki S, Akiyama K. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2004 January; 92(1): 80-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14756469

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Vasculitis induced by zafirlukast therapy. Author(s): Soy M, Ozer H, Canataroglu A, Gumurdulu D, Erken E. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2002 August; 21(4): 328-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12189465

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON CHURGSTRAUSS SYNDROME Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover Churg-Strauss syndrome.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on Churg-Strauss syndrome is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for Churg-Strauss syndrome: •

Early Churg-Strauss syndrome and difficult asthma may look alike Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 10, 1999

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

•

Merck warns of Churg-Strauss syndrome in asthmatics treated with montelukast Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 07, 1998

•

Steroid reduction may trigger Churg-Strauss syndrome in asthma Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 08, 1998 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to Churg-Strauss syndrome, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/.

Periodicals and News

53

BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Churg-Strauss Syndrome Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering Churg-Strauss syndrome that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

55

CHAPTER 4. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for Churg-Strauss syndrome. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI Advice for the Patient can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks,

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

etc.). The following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to Churg-Strauss syndrome: Corticosteroids •

Dental - U.S. Brands: Kenalog in Orabase; Orabase-HCA; Oracort; Oralone http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202010.html

•

Inhalation - U.S. Brands: AeroBid; AeroBid-M; Azmacort; Beclovent; Pulmicort Respules; Pulmicort Turbuhaler; Qvar; Vanceril; Vanceril 84 mcg Double Strength http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202011.html

•

Nasal - U.S. Brands: Beconase; Beconase AQ; Dexacort Turbinaire; Flonase; Nasacort; Nasacort AQ; Nasalide; Nasarel; Nasonex; Rhinocort; Vancenase; Vancenase AQ 84 mcg; Vancenase pockethaler http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202012.html

•

Ophthalmic - U.S. Brands: AK-Dex; AK-Pred; AK-Tate; Baldex; Decadron; Dexair; Dexotic; Econopred; Econopred Plus; Eflone; Flarex; Fluor-Op; FML Forte; FML Liquifilm; FML S.O.P.; HMS Liquifilm; Inflamase Forte; Inflamase Mild; I-Pred; Lite Pred; Maxidex; Ocu-Dex; Ocu-Pred; Ocu-Pred Forte; Ocu-PredA; Pred Forte; Pred Mild; Predair; Predair A; Predair Forte; Storz-Dexa; Ultra Pred http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202013.html

•

Otic - U.S. Brands: Decadron http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202014.html

•

Rectal - U.S. Brands: Anucort-HC; Anu-Med HC; Anuprep HC; Anusol-HC; Anutone-HC; Anuzone-HC; Cort-Dome; Cortenema; Cortifoam; Hemorrhoidal HC; Hemril-HC Uniserts; Proctocort; Proctosol-HC; Rectasol-HC http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203366.html

Cyclophosphamide •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Cytoxan; Neosar http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202174.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult Mosby’s Drug Consult database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/.

Researching Medications

57

PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

59

APPENDICES

61

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute4: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

4

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.5 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:6 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 6 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 5

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway7

The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.8 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 1071 1 95 0 15 1182

HSTAT9 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.10 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.11 Simply search by “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 9 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 10 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 11 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 7 8

Physician Resources

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists12 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.13 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.14 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 14 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 12

13

67

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on Churg-Strauss syndrome can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to Churg-Strauss syndrome. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to Churg-Strauss syndrome. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “Churg-Strauss syndrome”:

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Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Autoimmune Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/autoimmunediseases.html Bone Marrow Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html Immune System and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/immunesystemanddisorders.html Lupus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lupus.html Lymphoma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html Vasculitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vasculitis.html Wegener's Granulomatosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/wegenersgranulomatosis.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to Churg-Strauss syndrome. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

Patient Resources

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

69

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to Churg-Strauss syndrome. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with Churg-Strauss syndrome. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about Churg-Strauss syndrome. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “Churg-Strauss syndrome”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred

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language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “Churg-Strauss syndrome” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “ChurgStrauss syndrome” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.15

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

15

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)16: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

16

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

73

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

75

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

77

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

79

CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Acute renal: A condition in which the kidneys suddenly stop working. In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Afferent: Concerned with the transmission of neural impulse toward the central part of the nervous system. [NIH] Albumin: 1. Any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. 2. Serum albumin; the major plasma protein (approximately 60 per cent of the total), which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein carrying large organic anions, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and many drugs, and also carrying certain hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, when their specific binding globulins are saturated. Albumin is synthesized in the liver. Low serum levels occur in protein malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease. [EU] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Anaphylatoxins: The family of peptides C3a, C4a, C5a, and C5a des-arginine produced in the serum during complement activation. They produce smooth muscle contraction, mast cell histamine release, affect platelet aggregation, and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from strongest to weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. The latter is the so-called "classical" anaphylatoxin but shows no spasmogenic activity though it contains some chemotactic ability. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and

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stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Aneurysm: A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart. [NIH] Angiitis: Inflammation of a vessel, chiefly of a blood or a lymph vessel; called also vasculitis. [EU] Angina: Chest pain that originates in the heart. [NIH] Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to myocardial ischemia usually of distinctive character, location and radiation, and provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the myocardium exceed the capacity of the coronary circulation to supply it. [NIH] Anterior Cerebral Artery: Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the caudate nucleus, internal capsule, putamen, septal nuclei, gyrus cinguli, and surfaces of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe. [NIH] Antiallergic: Counteracting allergy or allergic conditions. [EU] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Anuria: Inability to form or excrete urine. [NIH] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH]

Dictionary 81

Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis and involves lipid deposition and thickening of the intimal cell layers within arteries. Additional forms of arteriosclerosis involve calcification of the media of muscular arteries (Monkeberg medial calcific sclerosis) and thickening of the walls of small arteries or arterioles due to cell proliferation or hyaline deposition (arteriolosclerosis). [NIH] Arteritis: Inflammation of an artery. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Arthralgia: Pain in the joint. [NIH] Aspergillosis: Infections with fungi of the genus Aspergillus. [NIH] Aspirin: A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting. Aspirin belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. It is also being studied in cancer prevention. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. [NIH] Autoimmunity: Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by autoimmune diseases. [NIH] Autopsy: Postmortem examination of the body. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacterium: Microscopic organism which may have a spherical, rod-like, or spiral unicellular or non-cellular body. Bacteria usually reproduce through asexual processes. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basement Membrane: Ubiquitous supportive tissue adjacent to epithelium and around smooth and striated muscle cells. This tissue contains intrinsic macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated proteoglycans. As seen by light microscopy one of its subdivisions is the basal (basement) lamina. [NIH] Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biological response modifier: BRM. A substance that stimulates the body's response to infection and disease. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and

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clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU] Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients. [NIH] Bronchopulmonary: Pertaining to the lungs and their air passages; both bronchial and pulmonary. [EU] Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Candidiasis: Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist cutaneous areas of the body, and is generally caused by C. albicans; it most commonly involves the skin (dermatocandidiasis), oral mucous membranes (thrush, def. 1), respiratory tract (bronchocandidiasis), and vagina (vaginitis). Rarely there is a systemic infection or endocarditis. Called also moniliasis, candidosis, oidiomycosis, and formerly blastodendriosis. [EU] Candidosis: An infection caused by an opportunistic yeasts that tends to proliferate and become pathologic when the environment is favorable and the host resistance is weakened. [NIH]

Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiogenic: Originating in the heart; caused by abnormal function of the heart. [EU] Cardiomyopathy: A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease, often of obscure or unknown etiology. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Cardiovascular disease: Any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels. CVD includes atherosclerosis (especially coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke), and hypertension (high blood pressure). [NIH] Carotene: The general name for a group of pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual

Dictionary 83

patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catecholamine: A group of chemical substances manufactured by the adrenal medulla and secreted during physiological stress. [NIH] Cavernous Sinus: An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cellulitis: An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. [NIH] Central retinal artery: The blood vessel that carries blood into eye; supplies nutrition to the retina. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of necrosis in the cerebrum caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., infarction, anterior cerebral artery), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). [NIH]

Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the retina and sclera. [NIH] Choroid Plexus: A villous structure of tangled masses of blood vessels contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the brain. It regulates part of the production and composition of cerebrospinal fluid. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] CIS: Cancer Information Service. The CIS is the National Cancer Institute's link to the public, interpreting and explaining research findings in a clear and understandable manner, and providing personalized responses to specific questions about cancer. Access the CIS by calling 1-800-4-CANCER, or by using the Web site at http://cis.nci.nih.gov. [NIH] Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic

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engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Colorectal: Having to do with the colon or the rectum. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complement Activation: The sequential activation of serum components C1 through C9, initiated by an erythrocyte-antibody complex or by microbial polysaccharides and properdin, and producing an inflammatory response. [NIH] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH]

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Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Cones: One type of specialized light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) in the retina that provide sharp central vision and color vision. [NIH] Congestive heart failure: Weakness of the heart muscle that leads to a buildup of fluid in body tissues. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contrast Sensitivity: The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease. [NIH] Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the coronary vessels of the heart. [NIH]

Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Cortical: Pertaining to or of the nature of a cortex or bark. [EU] Cortical Blindness: The inability to understand or interpret what is seen due to a disturbance in the cerebral associational areas, the retina, the sensory pathways, and the striate area being intact. [NIH] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cryoglobulinemia: A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal or abnormal quantities of cryoglobulins in the blood. They are precipitated into the microvasculature on exposure to cold and cause restricted blood flow in exposed areas. [NIH]

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Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] DES: Diethylstilbestrol. A synthetic hormone that was prescribed from the early 1940s until 1971 to help women with complications of pregnancy. DES has been linked to an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used DES. DES may also increase the risk of breast cancer in women who used DES. [NIH] Desensitization: The prevention or reduction of immediate hypersensitivity reactions by administration of graded doses of allergen; called also hyposensitization and immunotherapy. [EU] Diabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders that share glucose intolerance in common. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive tract: The organs through which food passes when food is eaten. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Dilated cardiomyopathy: Heart muscle disease that leads to enlargement of the heart's chambers, robbing the heart of its pumping ability. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duodenitis: An irritation of the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dura mater: The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord; called also pachymeninx. [EU] Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. [NIH]

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Effusion: The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. [EU] Elastin: The protein that gives flexibility to tissues. [NIH] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Embolus: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Endocarditis: Exudative and proliferative inflammatory alterations of the endocardium, characterized by the presence of vegetations on the surface of the endocardium or in the endocardium itself, and most commonly involving a heart valve, but sometimes affecting the inner lining of the cardiac chambers or the endocardium elsewhere. It may occur as a primary disorder or as a complication of or in association with another disease. [EU] Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells. [NIH] Endomyocardial Fibrosis: A disease characterized by thickening of the endocardium, and frequently the inner third of the myocardium. The left ventricle is most frequently involved. Cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure may also be present. [NIH] Endophthalmitis: Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis. [NIH] Enteritis: Inflammation of the intestine, applied chiefly to inflammation of the small intestine; see also enterocolitis. [EU] Enterocolitis: Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the small and large bowel. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however catalytic RNA and catalytic DNA molecules have also been identified. [NIH] Eosinophil: A polymorphonuclear leucocyte with large eosinophilic granules in its cytoplasm, which plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. [NIH] Eosinophilia: Abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, tissues or organs. [NIH] Eosinophilic: A condition found primarily in grinding workers caused by a reaction of the pulmonary tissue, in particular the eosinophilic cells, to dust that has entered the lung. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Excrete: To get rid of waste from the body. [NIH] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH]

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Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fetal Death: Death of the young developing in utero. [NIH] Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Fourth Ventricle: An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. [NIH]

Frontal Lobe: The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. [NIH] Fungus: A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization, such as the formation of pseudoparenchymatous tissue in the fruiting body of a mushroom. The dimorphic fungi grow, according to environmental conditions, as moulds or yeasts. [EU] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Glomeruli: Plural of glomerulus. [NIH] Glomerulonephritis: Glomerular disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction, with leukocyte infiltration and cellular proliferation of the glomeruli, or that appears to be the result of immune glomerular injury. [NIH] Glomerulus: A tiny set of looping blood vessels in the nephron where blood is filtered in the kidney. [NIH] Glucocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of health-

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related institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft-versus-host disease: GVHD. A reaction of donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells against a person's tissue. [NIH] Granulocytes: Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. [NIH] Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. [NIH] Haematoma: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [EU] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hantavirus: A genus of the family Bunyaviridae causing Hantavirus infections, first identified during the Korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. The genus has one recognized group (Hantaan group) consisting of several species including Dobrava-Belgrade virus, Seoul virus, Prospect Hill virus, Puumala virus, Thottapalayam virus, and Hantaan virus, the type species. [NIH] Hantavirus Infections: Infections with viruses of the genus Hantavirus. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by Seoul and related viruses; nephropathia epidemica caused by Puumala and related viruses; and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by Muerto Canyon virus. [NIH] Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: Acute respiratory illness in humans caused by the Muerto Canyon virus whose primary rodent reservoir is the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus. First identified in the southwestern United States, this syndrome is characterized most commonly by fever, myalgias, headache, cough, and rapid respiratory failure. [NIH] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH] Heartbeat: One complete contraction of the heart. [NIH] Hemodialysis: The use of a machine to clean wastes from the blood after the kidneys have failed. The blood travels through tubes to a dialyzer, which removes wastes and extra fluid. The cleaned blood then flows through another set of tubes back into the body. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemolytic: A disease that affects the blood and blood vessels. It destroys red blood cells,

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cells that cause the blood to clot, and the lining of blood vessels. HUS is often caused by the Escherichia coli bacterium in contaminated food. People with HUS may develop acute renal failure. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes. [NIH] Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. [NIH] Histamine: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine. A depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. [NIH] Histamine Release: The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects. [NIH] Histidine: An essential amino acid important in a number of metabolic processes. It is required for the production of histamine. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hybridomas: Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure or "monoclonal" antibodies or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent, and continually grow and divide as the neoplastic parent. [NIH] Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid lysine that is present in certain collagens. [NIH] Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Ileal: Related to the ileum, the lowest end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileum: The lower end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileus: Obstruction of the intestines. [EU] Immune Complex Diseases: Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides serum sickness and the arthus reaction, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other systemic immunologic diseases including glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis nodosa. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH]

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Immunosuppression: Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs. [NIH] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive Agents: Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of suppressor T-cell populations or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Infancy: The period of complete dependency prior to the acquisition of competence in walking, talking, and self-feeding. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility. [NIH]

Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon Alfa-2b: A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and histidine in position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. [NIH] Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures

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and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Interleukin-1: A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from interleukin-2. [NIH] Interleukin-13: T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature Blymphocytes. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Interleukin-2: Chemical mediator produced by activated T lymphocytes and which regulates the proliferation of T cells, as well as playing a role in the regulation of NK cell activity. [NIH] Interleukin-6: Factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Fistula: Abnormal passage communicating with the intestines. [NIH] Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intoxication: Poisoning, the state of being poisoned. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intraocular: Within the eye. [EU] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea. [NIH] Kidney Failure: The inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under conditions of normal loading, or the inability to retain electrolytes under conditions of normal intake. In the acute form (kidney failure, acute), it is marked by uremia and usually by oliguria or anuria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema. The chronic form (kidney failure, chronic) is irreversible and requires hemodialysis. [NIH] Kidney Failure, Acute: A clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, often to values of less than 1 to 2 ml per minute. It is usually associated with oliguria (urine volumes of less than 400 ml per day) and is always associated with biochemical consequences of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate such as a rise in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations. [NIH] Kidney Failure, Chronic: An irreversible and usually progressive reduction in renal function in which both kidneys have been damaged by a variety of diseases to the extent that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte composition and acid-base balance. Chronic kidney failure requires hemodialysis or surgery, usually kidney transplantation. [NIH] Laminin: Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement

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membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Laryngeal: Having to do with the larynx. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Lobe: A portion of an organ such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenopathy: Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphocyte Depletion: Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation. [NIH] Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called

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null cells. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU] Mastitis: Inflammatory disease of the breast, or mammary gland. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Meningeal: Refers to the meninges, the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Microscopy: The application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. [NIH] Mineralocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids primarily associated with the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ion transport in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by plasma volume, serum potassium, and angiotensin II. [NIH] Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monocular: Diplopia identified with one eye only; it may be induced with a double prism, or it may occur either as a result of double imagery due to an optical defect in the eye, or as a result of simultaneous use of normal and anomalous retinal correspondence. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Mucolytic: Destroying or dissolving mucin; an agent that so acts : a mucopolysaccharide or glycoprotein, the chief constituent of mucus. [EU] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Multiple sclerosis: A disorder of the central nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder

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control. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys myelin. Myelin is a substance that contains both protein and fat (lipid) and serves as a nerve insulator and helps in the transmission of nerve signals. [NIH] Mycophenolate mofetil: A drug that is being studied for its effectiveness in preventing graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disorders. [NIH] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (coronary arteriosclerosis), to obstruction by a thrombus (coronary thrombosis), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction). [NIH] Myocarditis: Inflammation of the myocardium; inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Myositis: Inflammation of a voluntary muscle. [EU] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neuritis: A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include pain; paresthesias; paresis; or hypesthesia. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neurologic Manifestations: Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction. [NIH] Neuropathy: A problem in any part of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathies can be caused by infection, toxic substances, or disease. [NIH] Neurotoxin: A substance that is poisonous to nerve tissue. [NIH] Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Ocular: 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting the eye. 2. Eyepiece. [EU]

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Oliguria: Clinical manifestation of the urinary system consisting of a decrease in the amount of urine secreted. [NIH] Ophthalmic: Pertaining to the eye. [EU] Ophthalmic Artery: Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures. [NIH] Opsin: A protein formed, together with retinene, by the chemical breakdown of metarhodopsin. [NIH] Optic disc: The circular area (disc) where the optic nerve connects to the retina. [NIH] Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system. [NIH] Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). [NIH] Orbital: Pertaining to the orbit (= the bony cavity that contains the eyeball). [EU] Organelles: Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the mitochondria; the golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; lysomomes; plastids; and vacuoles. [NIH] Pachymeningitis: Inflammation of the dura mater of the brain, the spinal cord or the optic nerve. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Paroxysmal: Recurring in paroxysms (= spasms or seizures). [EU] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU] Pericardium: The fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

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[NIH]

Peripheral Neuropathy: Nerve damage, usually affecting the feet and legs; causing pain, numbness, or a tingling feeling. Also called "somatic neuropathy" or "distal sensory polyneuropathy." [NIH] Petechiae: Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pharmacotherapy: A regimen of using appetite suppressant medications to manage obesity by decreasing appetite or increasing the feeling of satiety. These medications decrease appetite by increasing serotonin or catecholamine—two brain chemicals that affect mood and appetite. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Pigments: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in plants, animals, or micro-organisms. [NIH]

Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasma Exchange: Removal of plasma and replacement with various fluids, e.g., fresh frozen plasma, plasma protein fractions (PPF), albumin preparations, dextran solutions, saline. Used in treatment of autoimmune diseases, immune complex diseases, diseases of excess plasma factors, and other conditions. [NIH] Plasma protein: One of the hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins ( such albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotension and bradykinin, and many other types of proteins. [EU] Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of platelets to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., thrombin, collagen) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a thrombus. [NIH] Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Polyarteritis Nodosa: A form of necrotizing vasculitis involving small- and medium-sized arteries. The signs and symptoms result from infarction and scarring of the affected organ system. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Potentiates: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH]

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Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. [NIH] Psychoactive: Those drugs which alter sensation, mood, consciousness or other psychological or behavioral functions. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Edema: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the lungs, may be caused by acute exposure to dangerous concentrations of irritant gasses. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes. [NIH] Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects

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are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Rectal: By or having to do with the rectum. The rectum is the last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine and ends at the anus. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Red blood cells: RBCs. Cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called erythrocytes. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Renal failure: Progressive renal insufficiency and uremia, due to irreversible and progressive renal glomerular tubular or interstitial disease. [NIH] Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. [NIH] Retinal: 1. Pertaining to the retina. 2. The aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene, and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin, or visual purple. Another, all-trans retinal (trans-r.); visual yellow; xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision. Called also retinal, and retinene1. [EU] Retinal Artery: Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina. [NIH] Retinal Artery Occlusion: Occlusion or closure of the central retinal artery causing sudden, usually nearly complete, loss of vision in one eye. Occlusion of the branch retinal artery causes sudden visual loss in only a portion of the visual field. [NIH] Retinal Vein: Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus. [NIH]

Retinal Vein Occlusion: Occlusion of the retinal vein. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. [NIH] Retinol: Vitamin A. It is essential for proper vision and healthy skin and mucous membranes. Retinol is being studied for cancer prevention; it belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. [NIH]

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Retrobulbar: Behind the pons. [EU] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Rhodopsin: A photoreceptor protein found in retinal rods. It is a complex formed by the binding of retinal, the oxidized form of retinol, to the protein opsin and undergoes a series of complex reactions in response to visible light resulting in the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Rods: One type of specialized light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) in the retina that provide side vision and the ability to see objects in dim light (night vision). [NIH] Saline: A solution of salt and water. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Schizoid: Having qualities resembling those found in greater degree in schizophrenics; a person of schizoid personality. [NIH] Schizophrenia: A mental disorder characterized by a special type of disintegration of the personality. [NIH] Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia. [NIH] Sclera: The tough white outer coat of the eyeball, covering approximately the posterior fivesixths of its surface, and continuous anteriorly with the cornea and posteriorly with the external sheath of the optic nerve. [EU] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Serum Sickness: Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness

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when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Spasmogenic: Capable of producing convulsions. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Sputum: The material expelled from the respiratory passages by coughing or clearing the throat. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Steroid therapy: Treatment with corticosteroid drugs to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between

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the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Striate: Recurrent branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies the anterior limb of the internal capsule. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Sudden cardiac death: Cardiac arrest caused by an irregular heartbeat. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Suppurative: Consisting of, containing, associated with, or identified by the formation of pus. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Temporal: One of the two irregular bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrush: A disease due to infection with species of fungi of the genus Candida. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tone: 1. The normal degree of vigour and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. 2. A particular quality of sound or of voice. 3. To make permanent, or to change, the colour of silver stain by chemical treatment, usually with a heavy metal. [EU] Tonus: A state of slight tension usually present in muscles even when they are not undergoing active contraction. [NIH] Torsion: A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and

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pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor serotonin and niacin. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Uremia: The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the blood because the kidneys are not working effectively. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, and mental confusion. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. [NIH] Uvea: The middle coat of the eyeball, consisting of the choroid in the back of the eye and the ciliary body and iris in the front of the eye. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Venous blood: Blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide back for gas exchange. [NIH] Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a thrombus within a vein. [NIH]

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Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villous: Of a surface, covered with villi. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Visual field: The entire area that can be seen when the eye is forward, including peripheral vision. [NIH] War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Withdrawal: 1. A pathological retreat from interpersonal contact and social involvement, as may occur in schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders. 2. (DSM III-R) A substance-specific organic brain syndrome that follows the cessation of use or reduction in intake of a psychoactive substance that had been regularly used to induce a state of intoxication. [EU]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 5, 17, 18, 79, 86, 96, 103 Abdominal Pain, 17, 18, 79, 103 Acute renal, 6, 41, 79, 90 Adrenal Cortex, 79, 85, 98 Adverse Effect, 32, 79, 101 Afferent, 79, 87, 96 Albumin, 79, 97 Algorithms, 79, 82 Alopecia, 79, 86 Alternative medicine, 52, 79 Amino Acid Sequence, 79, 80 Anaphylatoxins, 29, 79, 84 Anatomical, 79, 91 Androgens, 79, 85 Anemia, 11, 80 Aneurysm, 39, 80 Angiitis, 5, 7, 8, 9, 33, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 80 Angina, 39, 80 Angina Pectoris, 39, 80 Anterior Cerebral Artery, 80, 83, 102 Antiallergic, 80, 85 Antibacterial, 80, 101 Antibiotic, 80, 101 Antibodies, 4, 9, 10, 21, 37, 40, 80, 89, 90, 97 Antibody, 4, 24, 28, 80, 84, 89, 90, 91, 101 Antigen, 80, 84, 90, 91 Anti-inflammatory, 80, 81, 85, 88 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 80, 81, 85 Antineoplastic, 80, 85, 86, 91 Antiviral, 80, 91, 92 Anuria, 80, 92 Anus, 80, 84, 99 Aqueous, 80, 81, 86 Arginine, 79, 80, 91 Arterial, 42, 80, 81, 83, 88, 90, 98 Arteries, 16, 80, 81, 82, 85, 95, 97 Arterioles, 81, 82, 95 Arteriosclerosis, 81, 95, 99 Arteritis, 6, 31, 41, 42, 46, 81 Artery, 31, 39, 40, 80, 81, 85, 87, 96, 98, 99, 104 Arthralgia, 81, 100 Aspergillosis, 7, 81 Aspirin, 27, 81 Asymptomatic, 11, 15, 37, 81

Autoimmune disease, 81, 95, 97 Autoimmunity, 4, 81 Autopsy, 7, 81 B Bacteria, 80, 81, 87, 101, 103 Bacterium, 81, 90 Base, 81, 92, 102 Basement Membrane, 4, 81, 92 Basophils, 81, 89 Bile, 81, 88, 93, 101 Biological response modifier, 81, 91 Biopsy, 5, 35, 81 Biotechnology, 4, 52, 63, 81 Bladder, 82, 94, 103 Blood vessel, 42, 82, 83, 88, 89, 93, 101, 102, 103 Bowel, 17, 31, 82, 87, 92, 102, 103 Bronchial, 82, 90 Bronchoalveolar Lavage, 12, 82 Bronchopulmonary, 7, 8, 82 Buccal, 82, 93 C Candidiasis, 8, 82 Candidosis, 82 Carbohydrate, 82, 85, 88 Carcinogenic, 82, 101 Cardiac, 12, 15, 18, 23, 82, 87, 95, 101, 102 Cardiogenic, 19, 82 Cardiomyopathy, 23, 82 Cardiovascular, 13, 82, 99, 100 Cardiovascular disease, 82, 99 Carotene, 82, 99 Case report, 5, 6, 19, 33, 36, 43, 46, 82 Catecholamine, 83, 97 Cavernous Sinus, 83, 99 Cellulitis, 12, 83 Central retinal artery, 11, 83, 99 Cerebral, 24, 80, 83, 85, 88 Cerebral Infarction, 24, 83 Cerebrospinal, 83 Cerebrospinal fluid, 83 Cerebrum, 83 Character, 80, 83, 86 Cholecystitis, 6, 7, 18, 83 Cholesterol, 81, 83, 101 Choroid, 30, 83, 99, 103 Choroid Plexus, 30, 83 Chronic, 12, 83, 91, 92, 102, 103

106

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

CIS, 83, 99 Clinical Medicine, 37, 83 Clinical trial, 4, 63, 83, 98 Cloning, 82, 83 Colitis, 84 Collagen, 3, 81, 84, 88, 97, 98 Colon, 19, 24, 84, 93, 103 Colorectal, 19, 84 Complement, 79, 84, 97 Complement Activation, 79, 84 Complementary and alternative medicine, 49, 50, 84 Complementary medicine, 49, 84 Computational Biology, 63, 85 Cones, 85, 99 Congestive heart failure, 85, 87 Connective Tissue, 83, 84, 85, 88, 93, 102 Contraindications, ii, 85 Contrast Sensitivity, 85, 96 Cornea, 33, 85, 92, 100 Coronary, 23, 31, 39, 40, 42, 43, 80, 82, 85, 95 Coronary Circulation, 80, 85 Coronary Thrombosis, 85, 95 Cortex, 85 Cortical, 49, 85 Cortical Blindness, 49, 85 Corticosteroid, 13, 30, 32, 85, 101 Cryoglobulinemia, 28, 29, 85 Curative, 86, 102 Cutaneous, 5, 6, 24, 82, 86, 93 Cyclophosphamide, 4, 8, 22, 24, 33, 45, 56, 86 Cytokine, 86, 92 Cytoplasm, 10, 81, 86, 87, 89, 93, 94, 95 D Degenerative, 86, 90 DES, 79, 86 Desensitization, 86, 91 Diabetes Mellitus, 86, 89, 99 Diagnostic procedure, 52, 86 Diaphragm, 86, 97 Digestion, 81, 82, 86, 92, 93, 101 Digestive tract, 86, 101 Dilated cardiomyopathy, 27, 86 Direct, iii, 55, 83, 86, 99 Dissection, 31, 42, 86 Distal, 86, 97 Drug Interactions, 56, 57, 86 Duodenitis, 6, 86 Duodenum, 81, 86, 102 Dura mater, 83, 86, 96

E Echocardiography, 14, 15, 86 Effusion, 38, 87 Elastin, 84, 87 Electrolyte, 85, 87, 92, 94 Embolus, 87, 91 Endocarditis, 82, 87 Endocardium, 87 Endomyocardial Fibrosis, 15, 18, 87 Endophthalmitis, 37, 87 Enteritis, 28, 87 Enterocolitis, 87 Environmental Health, 62, 64, 87 Enzymatic, 82, 84, 87, 90, 99 Enzymes, 87, 95, 96 Eosinophil, 21, 23, 25, 26, 46, 87 Eosinophilia, 31, 38, 42, 43, 87 Eosinophilic, 12, 15, 16, 26, 27, 31, 38, 42, 87 Epithelium, 81, 87 Erythrocytes, 80, 87, 99 Excrete, 80, 87, 92 F Facial, 27, 87, 96 Facial Nerve, 87, 96 Family Planning, 63, 88 Fat, 82, 85, 87, 88, 95 Fetal Death, 42, 88 Fibroblasts, 88, 92 Fibrosis, 26, 88 Fourth Ventricle, 83, 88 Frontal Lobe, 80, 83, 88 Fungus, 82, 88 G Gallbladder, 79, 83, 88 Gastrointestinal, 19, 28, 43, 88, 100 Gene, 82, 88 Gland, 26, 79, 88, 93, 94, 96, 97, 100 Glomerular, 4, 28, 88, 92, 99 Glomeruli, 88 Glomerulonephritis, 14, 24, 29, 36, 45, 88, 90 Glomerulus, 88 Glucocorticoids, 79, 85, 88 Gonadal, 88, 101 Governing Board, 88, 98 Graft, 89, 95 Graft-versus-host disease, 89, 95 Granulocytes, 29, 89, 93, 104 Granuloma, 26, 46, 89 H Haematoma, 89

107

Haemorrhage, 18, 41, 89 Hantavirus, 31, 89 Hantavirus Infections, 31, 89 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, 89 Haptens, 89, 101 Heartbeat, 89, 102 Hemodialysis, 89, 92 Hemoglobin, 80, 87, 89 Hemolytic, 11, 89 Hemorrhage, 17, 18, 30, 90, 98 Hepatitis, 10, 28, 29, 90 Hepatocytes, 90 Histamine, 79, 90 Histamine Release, 79, 90 Histidine, 90, 91 Hormonal, 85, 90 Hormone, 85, 86, 90, 98 Hybridomas, 90, 92 Hydroxylysine, 84, 90 Hydroxyproline, 84, 90 Hypersensitivity, 44, 86, 87, 90 Hypertension, 82, 90, 99 I Ileal, 13, 90 Ileum, 90 Ileus, 13, 90 Immune Complex Diseases, 90, 97 Immune response, 4, 80, 81, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 104 Immune system, 81, 90, 91, 94, 95, 104 Immunosuppression, 3, 91, 93 Immunosuppressive, 19, 35, 86, 91 Immunosuppressive Agents, 91 Immunosuppressive therapy, 19, 35, 91 Impairment, 41, 91 Infancy, 21, 91 Infarction, 13, 17, 39, 83, 91, 97 Infection, 4, 10, 28, 29, 81, 82, 83, 89, 91, 93, 95, 102, 103, 104 Infiltration, 88, 91 Inflammation, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 103 Intensive Care, 3, 91 Interferon, 30, 32, 91 Interferon Alfa-2b, 32, 91 Interferon-alpha, 30, 91 Interleukin-1, 25, 92 Interleukin-13, 25, 92 Interleukin-2, 92 Interleukin-6, 29, 92 Interstitial, 92, 99 Intestinal, 9, 18, 82, 87, 92

Intestinal Fistula, 9, 92 Intestine, 82, 87, 92, 93 Intoxication, 92, 104 Intracellular, 91, 92 Intraocular, 87, 92 Intravenous, 8, 33, 44, 50, 92 Intrinsic, 81, 92 K Kb, 62, 92 Keratitis, 33, 92 Kidney Failure, 4, 92 Kidney Failure, Acute, 92 Kidney Failure, Chronic, 92 L Laminin, 81, 92 Large Intestine, 86, 92, 93, 99, 101 Laryngeal, 35, 93 Larynx, 19, 93 Lesion, 89, 93, 103 Leucocyte, 87, 93 Ligaments, 85, 93 Liver, 13, 26, 79, 81, 86, 88, 90, 93 Lobe, 80, 83, 93, 96 Localization, 21, 93 Localized, 89, 91, 92, 93, 103 Lupus, 4, 15, 17, 38, 46, 68, 93, 102 Lymph, 26, 33, 80, 93, 100 Lymph node, 26, 33, 93 Lymphadenopathy, 93, 100 Lymphatic, 91, 93, 101 Lymphatic system, 93, 101 Lymphocyte Depletion, 91, 93 Lymphocytes, 80, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 101, 104 Lymphoid, 80, 93, 94 Lymphoma, 68, 94 M Macrophage, 92, 94 Mammary, 94 Mastitis, 16, 94 MEDLINE, 63, 94 Membrane, 83, 84, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99 Meningeal, 30, 94 Meninges, 86, 94 Meta-Analysis, 45, 94 Microscopy, 81, 94 Mineralocorticoids, 79, 85, 94 Mitochondrial Swelling, 94, 95 Molecular, 63, 65, 82, 85, 94 Molecule, 80, 81, 84, 94, 99 Monocular, 41, 94 Monocytes, 92, 94

108

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Mononuclear, 89, 94 Mucolytic, 82, 94 Mucosa, 87, 93, 94 Mucus, 94, 103 Multiple sclerosis, 94, 96 Mycophenolate mofetil, 22, 95 Myocardial infarction, 19, 85, 95 Myocardial Ischemia, 80, 95 Myocarditis, 19, 31, 95 Myocardium, 80, 87, 95 Myositis, 36, 95 N Necrosis, 13, 83, 87, 91, 95 Nervous System, 41, 79, 88, 94, 95, 96, 100 Neural, 29, 79, 95 Neuritis, 95, 96 Neurologic, 7, 35, 38, 95 Neurologic Manifestations, 38, 95 Neuropathy, 5, 6, 9, 11, 23, 25, 26, 35, 37, 95, 97 Neurotoxin, 46, 95 Neutrophils, 89, 95 Nitrogen, 79, 86, 92, 95, 103 Nuclear, 28, 37, 95 Nucleus, 80, 81, 86, 93, 94, 95 O Ocular, 6, 95 Oliguria, 92, 96 Ophthalmic, 56, 96, 99 Ophthalmic Artery, 96, 99 Opsin, 96, 99, 100 Optic disc, 96 Optic Nerve, 96, 99, 100 Optic Neuritis, 7, 31, 96 Orbital, 36, 96 Organelles, 86, 94, 96 P Pachymeningitis, 19, 96 Palliative, 96, 102 Pancreas, 79, 96 Parietal, 80, 96, 97 Parotid, 26, 96 Paroxysmal, 80, 96 Patch, 25, 96 Pathologic, 81, 82, 85, 90, 96 Perforation, 18, 37, 96 Pericardium, 96, 102 Peripheral Neuropathy, 23, 34, 97 Petechiae, 89, 97 Pharmacologic, 97, 103 Pharmacotherapy, 40, 97 Physiologic, 97, 99

Pigments, 82, 97, 99 Pituitary Gland, 85, 97 Plasma, 4, 19, 24, 31, 45, 79, 80, 89, 92, 94, 97 Plasma cells, 80, 97 Plasma Exchange, 4, 19, 24, 31, 45, 97 Plasma protein, 79, 97 Platelet Aggregation, 79, 97 Pleura, 97 Pleural, 19, 38, 97 Pneumonia, 12, 85, 97 Polyarteritis Nodosa, 4, 10, 24, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 39, 45, 46, 90, 97 Polypeptide, 79, 84, 97 Posterior, 83, 96, 97, 100 Potentiates, 92, 97 Practice Guidelines, 64, 98 Progesterone, 98, 101 Progressive, 36, 92, 95, 98, 99 Proline, 84, 90, 98 Prospective study, 39, 98 Protein C, 79, 98, 100 Protein S, 82, 98 Proteins, 79, 80, 84, 87, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 103 Proteoglycans, 81, 98 Psychoactive, 98, 104 Public Policy, 63, 98 Pulmonary, 7, 18, 22, 39, 82, 87, 92, 98, 104 Pulmonary Edema, 92, 98 Pulse, 8, 24, 45, 98 Pupil, 85, 96, 98 Purpura, 89, 98 Purulent, 87, 98, 103 R Radiation, 80, 91, 98 Randomized, 24, 31, 45, 98 Receptor, 14, 21, 41, 80, 99, 100 Recombinant, 91, 99 Rectal, 5, 56, 99 Rectum, 80, 84, 86, 93, 99 Red blood cells, 87, 89, 99, 100 Refer, 1, 82, 84, 93, 99 Refraction, 99, 101 Refractory, 19, 99 Regimen, 97, 99 Relapse, 24, 99 Renal failure, 9, 99 Retina, 83, 85, 96, 99, 100 Retinal, 11, 44, 94, 96, 99, 100 Retinal Artery, 11, 44, 99 Retinal Artery Occlusion, 11, 99

109

Retinal Vein, 11, 99 Retinal Vein Occlusion, 11, 99 Retinol, 99, 100 Retrobulbar, 96, 100 Retrospective, 6, 100 Rheumatoid, 29, 100 Rhodopsin, 96, 99, 100 Risk factor, 98, 100 Rods, 99, 100 S Saline, 82, 97, 100 Saponins, 100, 101 Schizoid, 100, 104 Schizophrenia, 100, 104 Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 100, 104 Sclera, 83, 100 Screening, 83, 100 Secretion, 85, 88, 90, 94, 100 Septic, 3, 100 Serotonin, 97, 100, 103 Serum, 16, 22, 79, 84, 90, 92, 93, 94, 100 Serum Sickness, 16, 90, 100 Shock, 19, 101, 103 Side effect, 55, 79, 86, 101, 102 Signs and Symptoms, 95, 97, 99, 101 Skull, 101, 102 Small intestine, 37, 86, 87, 90, 92, 101 Smooth muscle, 79, 90, 101 Somatic, 97, 101 Spasmogenic, 79, 101 Specialist, 69, 101 Species, 89, 101, 102, 103 Spectrum, 22, 101 Spinal cord, 83, 86, 94, 95, 96, 101 Spleen, 26, 93, 101 Sputum, 12, 42, 101 Sterility, 86, 101 Steroid, 19, 45, 52, 100, 101 Steroid therapy, 19, 45, 101 Stomach, 79, 86, 88, 90, 101 Stool, 84, 93, 102 Stress, 49, 83, 102, 103 Striate, 85, 102 Subacute, 91, 102 Subarachnoid, 18, 30, 88, 102 Subclinical, 91, 102 Subcutaneous, 83, 102 Sudden cardiac death, 13, 42, 102 Suppression, 85, 102 Suppurative, 83, 87, 102 Symptomatic, 102

Systemic, 4, 10, 37, 43, 44, 49, 56, 82, 90, 91, 102 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 49, 90, 102 T Temporal, 6, 41, 102 Therapeutics, 57, 102 Thrombosis, 14, 44, 98, 102 Thrush, 82, 102 Tissue, 5, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103 Tone, 19, 102 Tonus, 102 Torsion, 91, 102 Toxic, iv, 95, 102, 103 Toxicity, 86, 102 Toxicology, 32, 64, 102 Toxins, 80, 91, 103 Transfection, 82, 103 Transplantation, 9, 28, 40, 92, 93, 103 Trauma, 95, 103 Tryptophan, 84, 100, 103 Tuberculosis, 93, 103 U Ulcer, 13, 83, 103 Ulcerative colitis, 17, 103 Uremia, 92, 99, 103 Urethra, 26, 103 Urine, 80, 82, 92, 96, 103 Urticaria, 100, 103 Uvea, 87, 103 V Vaccines, 103, 104 Vagina, 82, 86, 103 Vaginitis, 82, 103 Vascular, 3, 28, 49, 83, 91, 103 Vasculitis, 8, 9, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46, 50, 68, 80, 97, 103 Vein, 80, 92, 95, 96, 99, 103 Venous, 39, 83, 98, 103 Venous blood, 83, 103 Venous Thrombosis, 39, 103 Ventricle, 87, 98, 104 Ventricular, 12, 104 Venules, 82, 104 Veterinary Medicine, 63, 104 Villous, 83, 104 Virus, 10, 29, 89, 91, 104 Visual field, 99, 104 W War, 89, 104 White blood cell, 80, 93, 94, 97, 104 Withdrawal, 32, 104

110

111

112

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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