Tubal Pregnancy - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

TUBAL PREGNANCY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J A...

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TUBAL

PREGNANCY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Tubal Pregnancy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84667-7 1. Tubal Pregnancy-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on tubal pregnancy. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON TUBAL PREGNANCY ................................................................................. 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Tubal Pregnancy........................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND TUBAL PREGNANCY ........................................................................ 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 Finding Nutrition Studies on Tubal Pregnancy.......................................................................... 47 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 49 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND TUBAL PREGNANCY ................................................. 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 51 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 52 General References ....................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON TUBAL PREGNANCY .................................................................................. 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 55 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 56 Chapters on Tubal Pregnancy...................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER 5. MULTIMEDIA ON TUBAL PREGNANCY ....................................................................... 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 Video Recordings ......................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON TUBAL PREGNANCY .................................................... 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 59 Academic Periodicals covering Tubal Pregnancy ........................................................................ 61 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 65 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 67 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 71 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 77 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 77 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 77 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 77 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 77 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 83 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 83 TUBAL PREGNANCY DICTIONARY ........................................................................................ 85 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 105

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with tubal pregnancy is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about tubal pregnancy, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to tubal pregnancy, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on tubal pregnancy. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to tubal pregnancy, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on tubal pregnancy. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON TUBAL PREGNANCY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on tubal pregnancy.

Federally Funded Research on Tubal Pregnancy The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to tubal pregnancy. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to tubal pregnancy. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore tubal pregnancy. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for tubal pregnancy: •

Project Title: RISK FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY Principal Investigator & Institution: Barnhart, Kurt T.; Assistant Professor; Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Pennsylvania 3451 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa 19104 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-MAY-1999; Project End 30-APR-2004 Summary: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading pregnancy - related cause of death in the first trimester of pregnancy and a major contributor to maternal morbidity. As the

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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tubal pregnancy progresses, it erodes into blood vessels and can cause massive intraabdominal bleeding. There are limitations in the strategies currently employed to diagnose EP. Even with the use of diagnostic algorithms that systematically evaluate all women at risk for an EP, only 50 percent of women with an EP can be diagnosed upon presentation to an Emergency Department (ED). Diagnosis in the remaining 50 percent represents a clinical conundrum and can take up to 6 weeks. If the diagnosis of EP is delayed, the abnormal gestation will continue to grow in the fallopian tube with potential rupture resulting in greater risks of morbidity, and mortality. Moreover, an EP of large size is not amenable to medical therapy, may require major surgery (laparotomy) instead of laparoscopy and can cause greater damage to fallopian tube (and greater impairment of fertility), even if treated before rupture. The aims of this proposal focus on this clinically relevant subpopulation of women at risk for an EP butwhose diagnosis cannot be confirmed during their initial presentation to the ED, and is thus delayed. The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center has used a systematic, validated, protocol to diagnose pregnant women who are at risk for EP since 1989. An existing electronic database chronicles the clinical course and contains the results of the diagnostic tests used to definitively diagnose women at risk for EP but not diagnosed upon presentation to the ED. We plan to use the information in this database to: 1) identify factors predictive of EP in this subgroup of pregnant women and derive a clinical prediction rule to help identify those at highest risk for EP in an attempt to shorten the time needed for diagnosis. And 2) to evaluate the serial betahcg determinations to assess the clinical utility defining deviations from the curves characteristic of a viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) or spontaneous miscarriage (SAB) to diagnose an EP. For these aims, we will use a retrospective cohort study design of greater than 2100 subjects. We also plan to perform a prospective cohort study, in the same study population to: 3) evaluate the utility of novel strong predictors of EP including the endometrial stripe thickness and chlamydia serology, independently, and in context with the derived prediction rule. And 4) to validate our derived prediction rule using a prospectively collected sample of women at high risk of EP. Finally, we plan for the first time, 5) to investigate if the different clinical situations in which a woman with EP are diagnosed represent differences in the natural history of EP. This proposal represents a unique opportunity to use large amounts of existing data, combined with the efficient prospective collection of data, to understand and improve upon important limitations in our ability to diagnose a reproductive disorder with important public health consequences. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to

3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with tubal pregnancy, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for tubal pregnancy (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A 2000 gm tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Miller ED. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 May; 156(5): 1152. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3578428

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A case of gonadoblastoma in a normal woman with tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Elemenoglou J, Korkolopoulou P, Zizi A, Delides GS. Source: Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1990; 60(3): 223-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2369284

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A case of simultaneous abdominal and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Bennun M, van der Meulen J. Source: East Afr Med J. 1974 July; 51(7): 557-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4434876

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A randomised trial comparing single dose systemic methotrexate and laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sowter MC, Farquhar CM, Petrie KJ, Gudex G. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2001 February; 108(2): 192-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11236120

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A remnant tubal pregnancy after cloacal malformation repair. Author(s): Sato Y, Murakami T, Kadowaki M, Konno R, Yoshida S, Okamura K. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 February; 75(2): 440-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11172855

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ACOG issues report on the medical management of tubal pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Author(s): Rose VL. Source: American Family Physician. 1999 April 15; 59(8): 2365-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10221312

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Adhesion formation after laparoscopic surgery in tubal pregnancy: a randomized trial versus laparotomy. Author(s): Lundorff P, Hahlin M, Kallfelt B, Thorburn J, Lindblom B. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1991 May; 55(5): 911-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1827075

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Advanced tubal pregnancy associated with severe fetal growth restriction: a case report. Author(s): Radaelli T, Bulfamante G, Cetin I, Marconi AM, Pardi G. Source: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003 June;13(6):422-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12962269

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Advanced tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Baird JN Jr, Krantz CA, DeVoe K Jr. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 September 15; 129(2): 2234. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=900185

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Advanced tubal pregnancy: a case of survival of mother and baby. Author(s): Schokman CM. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1966 May; 6(2): 171-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5220328

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An advanced abdominal twin gestation after primary infertility and after tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Geerinckx KR, Baekelandt M, Dauwe D, Pandelaere I. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1987 November; 26(3): 283-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3123288

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An economic evaluation of laparoscopy and open surgery in the treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Mol BW, Hajenius PJ, Engelsbel S, Ankum WM, van der Veen F, Hemrika DJ, Bossuyt PM. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1997 July; 76(6): 596-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9246970

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An unruptured tubal pregnancy at term. Author(s): Chokroverty M, Caballes RL, Gear PE. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1986 March; 110(3): 250-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3753863

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Anatomy and pathology of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pauerstein CJ, Croxatto HB, Eddy CA, Ramzy I, Walters MD. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986 March; 67(3): 301-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3511417

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Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and risk for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Walters MD, Eddy CA, Gibbs RS, Schachter J, Holden AE, Pauerstein CJ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 October; 159(4): 942-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3177550

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Appropriate treatment for tubal pregnancy? Author(s): Chapron C, Dubuisson JB. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1997 November; 68(5): 945-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9389834

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Arrested tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Gomel V, Filmar S. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1987 December; 48(6): 1043-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3678503

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Arteriography in the early diagnosis of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Wist A, Tahti E. Source: Indian Pract. 1966 January; 19(1): 93-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5909915

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Assessment of tubal patency with transvaginal salpingosonography after treatment for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Spalding H, Tekay A, Martikainen H, Jouppila P. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1997 February; 12(2): 306-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9070717

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Association of serum beta-hCG levels with myosalpingeal invasion and viable trophoblast mass in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Oktay K, Brzyski RG, Miller EB, Krugman D. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 November; 84(5): 803-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7524002

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Atypical cytology in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Albukerk JN, Gnecco CA. Source: J Reprod Med. 1977 November; 19(5): 273-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=926072

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Autotransfusion in ruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Malik LR. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 1987 March; 37(3): 78-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3106672

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Bilateral simultaneous tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Rodenberg TA, Zeller DJ. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1981 November; 74(11): 1426. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7302651

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Bilateral simultaneous tubal pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Edelstein MC, Morgan MA. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1989 April; 44(4): 250-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2652016

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy after puerperal tubal ligation. Author(s): Yamada T, Kasamatsu H. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2000 February; 7(1): 161-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10648760

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Campo S, Campo V, Gambadauro P. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 October 10; 110(2): 237-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12969592

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Suwajanakorn S, Virutamasen P, Ahnonkitpanit V, Parksamoot W. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1996 January; 79(1): 40-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8867401

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Trotnow S, Al-Hasani S, Hunlich T, Schill WB. Source: Arch Gynecol. 1983; 234(1): 75-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6660931

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and transfer of two embryos. Author(s): Aanesen A, Flam F. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1996 February; 64(2): 235-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8820011

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy in the presence of an IUD: a case report. Author(s): Dajani YF, Shaer JA. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1979 March-April; 16(5): 398-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=35408

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy treated with laparoscopy. Author(s): Takeuchi K, Kitagaki S, Koketsu I. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1995 December; 51(3): 259-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8745094

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy with an unusual complication. Author(s): Willice R, LeMaire WJ, McLeod AG. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1973 March; 66(3): 375-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4570658

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy with intra-uterine gestation after IVF-ET: therapy by bilateral laparoscopic salpingectomy; a case report. Author(s): Hanf V, Dietl J, Gagsteiger F, Pfeiffer KH. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1990 October; 37(1): 87-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2142922

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy with vaginal delivery. Author(s): Foster HM, Lakshin AS, Taylor WF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982 November; 60(5): 664-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7145260

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sogaard Andersen E, Gyldholm Moller N. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1988; 67(3): 281. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3176949

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy. A report of an unusual case. Author(s): Tabachnikoff RM, Dada MO, Woods RJ, Rohere D, Myers CP. Source: J Reprod Med. 1998 August; 43(8): 707-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9749426

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Kauppi-Sahla M, Rintala H, Makinen J. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1991 July 1; 40(2): 145-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1830019

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Bilateral tubal pregnancy: case report. Author(s): Bsat FA, Jayanetti S. Source: Va Med. 1990 May; 117(5): 207-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2140224

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Bilateral, tubal pregnancy treated with conservative endoscopic surgery. Author(s): Idotta R, Tripodi A, Scopelliti P. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 28(2): 107-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11491367

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Bilharzial salpingitis and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Graubard Z, Ableman DJ, Blecher JA. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1987 April 18; 71(8): 537. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3563824

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Brain water intoxication and CT hypolucencies in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicating gametes intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Onofrj M, Thomas A, Melchionda D, Fulgente T, Costantini A, Scesi M. Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1996 February; 60(2): 2334. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8708667

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Can noninvasive diagnostic tools predict tubal rupture or active bleeding in patients with tubal pregnancy? Author(s): Mol BW, Hajenius PJ, Engelsbel S, Ankum WM, van der Veen F, Hemrika DJ, Bossuyt PM. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 January; 71(1): 167-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9935137

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Choriocarcinoma secondary to isthmic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Terada S, Uchide K, Suzuki N, Ueno H, Akasofu K. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1994; 37(1): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8125416

Studies

11

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Clearance pattern of maternal serum pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein after treatment in active and regressed tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Phocas I, Sarandakou A, Kontoravdis A, Chryssicopoulos A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1988 October; 27(2): 225-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2903089

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CO2 laser laparoscopic surgery. Adhesiolysis, salpingostomy, laser uterine nerve ablation and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Donnez J, Nisolle M. Source: Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 September; 3(3): 525-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2533009

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Coexistent bilateral tubal pregnancy. Case report. Author(s): Grimes EM, Sumathy V, Miller GL. Source: Mo Med. 1974 February; 71(2): 81-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4812198

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Co-existent intrauterine and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Printer KD. Source: J R Army Med Corps. 1987 June; 133(2): 85-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3612627

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Coincident acute appendicitis and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Allan NJ, Heringer R. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1970 September 12; 103(5): 531. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5469627

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Combined chemotherapy in the medical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Anandakumar C, Choolani MA, Adaikan PG, Wong YC, Gopal M, Marshall B, Ratnam SS. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1995 November; 35(4): 437-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8717574

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Combined laparoscopy and minilaparotomy in the management of unruptured tubal pregnancy: a preliminary report. Author(s): Taylor PJ, Cumming DC. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1979 November; 32(5): 521-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=159194

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Tubal Pregnancy

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Comparative review of diagnostic accuracy in tubal pregnancy: a 14-year survey of 1040 cases. Author(s): Kim DS, Chung SR, Park MI, Kim YP. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 October; 70(4): 547-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2442686

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Comparison of a local injection of hyperosmolar glucose solution with salpingostomy for the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Laatikainen T, Tuomivaara L, Kaar K. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1993 July; 60(1): 80-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7685719

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Concomitant intrauterine and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Murray JB. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 1988 November; 61(731): 1089-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3208018

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Conservative management of the unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Taylor PJ, Leader A, Pattinson HA. Source: Int J Fertil. 1984; 29(3): 149-51. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6152251

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Conservative operative treatment of tubal pregnancy with postoperative daily hydrotubations. Author(s): Jarvinen PA, Nummi S, Pietila K. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1972; 51(2): 169-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5049388

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Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Langer R, Bukovsky I, Herman A, Sherman D, Sadovsky G, Caspi E. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1982 October; 38(4): 427-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7117569

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Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Bukovsky I, Langer R, Herman A, Caspi E. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 June; 53(6): 709-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=450338

Studies

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Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy: a new method. Author(s): Javey H. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1980 March-April; 17(5): 454-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6103839

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Conservative surgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Holtz G. Source: J S C Med Assoc. 1983 January; 79(1): 16-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6219250

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Conservative surgical procedures for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stangel JJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1986 February; 31(2): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2937916

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Conservative surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy: factors affecting future fertility. Author(s): Badawy SZ, Taymour E, el Shaykh M, Dorwitt D, Gaudino S, Finnerty JF, Kruger PS. Source: Int J Fertil. 1986 July-August; 31(3): 187-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2875956

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Conservative versus radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Mol BW, Hajenius PJ, Ankum WM, van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1996 October; 75(9): 866-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8931516

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Conservative versus radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. A review. Author(s): Clausen I. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1996 January; 75(1): 8-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8561006

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Contralateral tubal pregnancy after gamete intrafallopian transfer. Author(s): Merchiers EH, De Sutter P, Dhont M. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1992 March; 57(3): 693-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1740220

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Controversies and problems in the current management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Maymon R, Shulman A. Source: Human Reproduction Update. 1996 November-December; 2(6): 541-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9111187

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Corpus luteum activity in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sauer MV, Gorrill MJ, Rodi IA, Yeko TR, Buster JE. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 May; 71(5): 667-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3357652

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Correlation of symptoms with age and location of gestation in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Wong JA, Clark JF. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1968 May; 60(3): 221-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5661191

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Correlations between the endometrial Arias-Stella phenomenon and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pascu F, Cringulescu N, Roman L. Source: Rom Med Rev. 1970; 14(2): 3-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5473406

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Culdocentesis in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Mittal S, Grover V, Dhall K, Dhall GI, Gupta AN. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1985 February; 25(1): 54-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3862403

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Current status of endoscopic surgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Brzezinski A, Schenker JG. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1994 March 31; 54(1): 43-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8045332

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Current use of an intrauterine device and risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Rossing MA, Daling JR, Voigt LF, Stergachis AS, Weiss NS. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1993 May; 4(3): 252-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8512989

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Declining beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level may provide false security that tubal pregnancy will not rupture. Author(s): Lurie S, Katz Z, Weissman A, Zalel Y, Caspi B. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1994 January; 53(1): 72-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7514547

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Diagnosis and management of tubal pregnancy: effect on fertility outcome. Author(s): Paavonen J, Varjonen-Toivonen M, Komulainen M, Heinonen PK. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1985 April; 23(2): 129-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2862074

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Diagnosis and treatment of tubal pregnancy as related to risk determinants. Author(s): Lundorff P, Thorburn J, Lindblom B. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1991 July 25; 40(3): 191-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1831776

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Diagnosis of early tubal pregnancy by salpingoscopy. Author(s): Gurgan T, Yarali H, Urman B. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 1995 February; 2(2): 217-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9050561

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Different placentation patterns in viable compared with nonviable tubal pregnancy suggest a divergent clinical management. Author(s): Kemp B, Kertschanska S, Handt S, Funk A, Kaufmann P, Rath W. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 September; 181(3): 615-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10486472

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Disappearance of the trophoblastic blood flow in tubal pregnancy after methotrexate injection. Author(s): Tekay A, Martikainen H, Heikkinen H, Kivela A, Jouppila P. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1993 October; 12(10): 615-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7504115

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Disseminated implantation of peritoneal trophoblastic tissue secondary to laparoscopic removal of a tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sjogren P, Hansen F. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1996 April; 75(4): 408-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8638466

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Distal segment tubal pregnancy after segmental resection for an isthmic pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Diamond MP, DeCherney AH. Source: J Reprod Med. 1988 February; 33(2): 236-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3351827

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Distal tubal pregnancy in a patient with a bicornuate uterus and segmental absence of the fallopian tube. Author(s): Szlachter N, Weiss G. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1979 November; 32(5): 602-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=499591

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Does prior infertility increase the risk of tubal pregnancy? Author(s): Yang CP, Chow WH, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Moore DE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1987 July; 48(1): 62-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3595915

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Early and late half-life of human chorionic gonadotropin as a predictor of persistent trophoblast after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Billieux MH, Petignat P, Anguenot JL, Campana A, Bischof P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 June; 82(6): 550-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12780426

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Early diagnosis of tubal pregnancy: changes in tubal blood flow evaluated by endovaginal color Doppler sonography. Author(s): Kirchler HC, Seebacher S, Alge AA, Muller-Holzner E, Fessler S, Kolle D. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 October; 82(4 Pt 1): 561-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8377982

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Ectopic tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer under ultrasonic control. Author(s): Kovacs GT, Shekleton P, Leeton J, Rogers P, Wood C, Buttery B, Renou P, Davidson G. Source: J in Vitro Fert Embryo Transf. 1987 April; 4(2): 124-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3598302

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Ectopic tubal pregnancy treated by operative laparoscopy. Author(s): Henderson SR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989 June; 160(6): 1462-6; Discussion 1466-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2525338

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Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with an asymptomatic tubal pregnancy at 20 weeks' gestation. Author(s): Grullon KE, Feldstein VA, Lim KH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 October; 90(4 Pt 2): 682-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11770596

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Endometrial thickness as an orienting factor for the medical treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): da Costa Soares R, Elito J Jr, Han KK, Camano L. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 March; 83(3): 289-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14995926

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Endometriosis and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Wist A. Source: Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn. 1968; 57(2): 161-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5710642

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Evaluation of serum creatine kinase as a diagnostic marker for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Saha PK, Gupta I, Ganguly NK. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999 August; 39(3): 366-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10554955

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Evaluation of serum inhibin A as a surveillance marker after conservative management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): D'Antona D, Mamers PM, Lowe PJ, Balazs N, Groome NP, Wallace EM. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 August; 13(8): 2305-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9756316

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Expression of beta hCG and alpha CG mRNA and hCG hormone in human decidual tissue in patients during tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Zimmermann G, Baier D, Majer J, Alexander H. Source: Molecular Human Reproduction. 2003 February; 9(2): 81-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12569177

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Expression of P450 aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 at fetal-maternal interface during tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Li Y, Qin L, Xiao ZJ, Wang YL, Herva R, Leng JH, Lang JH, Isomaa V, Piao YS. Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2003 December; 87(4-5): 241-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14698204

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Factors affecting fertility following radical versus conservative surgical treatment for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Rashid M, Osman SH, Khashoggi TY, Kamal FA. Source: Saudi Med J. 2001 April; 22(4): 337-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11331492

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Failed tubal sterilization as an etiologic factor in ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Honore LH, O'Hara KE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1978 May; 29(5): 509-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=668931

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Failure to remove the resected tube in salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Karmin I, Sacks A. Source: J Reprod Med. 1994 September; 39(9): 747-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7528800

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Falloposcopic instillation of prostaglandin in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kiss H, Egarter C, Wenzl R, Husslein P. Source: Lancet. 1993 July 3; 342(8862): 54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8100326

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Falloposcopy after prostaglandin treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kiss H, Egarter C, Wenzl R. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1995; 256(2): 107-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7611818

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Fertility after bilateral tubal pregnancy--modern treatment considerations. Author(s): Mathelier AC. Source: Int J Fertil. 1990 May-June; 35(3): 160-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1973921

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Fertility after conservative and radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Mol BW, Matthijsse HC, Tinga DJ, Huynh T, Hajenius PJ, Ankum WM, Bossuyt PM, van der Veen F. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 July; 13(7): 1804-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9740428

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Fertility after radical surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Fernandez H, Marchal L, Vincent Y. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 October; 70(4): 680-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9797098

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Fertility after tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Schenker JG, Eyal F, Polishuk WZ. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1972 July; 135(1): 74-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5032633

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Fertility following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Langer R, Bukovsky I, Herman A, Ron-El R, Lifshitz Y, Caspi E. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1987; 66(7): 649-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3439448

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Fertility following radical, conservative-surgical or medical treatment for tubal pregnancy: a population-based study. Author(s): Varma R, Vindla S, Mascarenhas L. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2001 January; 108(1): 130-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11212994

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Fertility following radical, conservative-surgical or medical treatment for tubal pregnancy: a population-based study. Author(s): Bouyer J, Job-Spira N, Pouly JL, Coste J, Germain E, Fernandez H. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 June; 107(6): 714-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10847225

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Fertility following tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Farooqui MO. Source: The Practitioner. 1968 April; 200(198): 546-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5660545

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Fertility outcome after systemic methotrexate and laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Dias Pereira G, Hajenius PJ, Mol BW, Ankum WM, Hemrika DJ, Bossuyt PM, van der Veen F. Source: Lancet. 1999 February 27; 353(9154): 724-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10073522

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Fertility outcome after treatment of tubal pregnancy by laparoscopic laser surgery. Author(s): Langebrekke A, Sornes T, Urnes A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1993 October; 72(7): 547-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8213102

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Fertility outcome following surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Bergsjo P, Sandvei R, Brun O. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1994 May; 73(5): 441-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8009982

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Fertility outcome following tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Urman B, Zouves C, Gomel V. Source: Acta Eur Fertil. 1991 July-August; 22(4): 205-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1844322

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First successful intrauterine pregnancy after treatment of tubal pregnancy with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Author(s): Egarter C, Husslein P. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989 October; 161(4): 904. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2801837

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For tubal pregnancy, surgical treatment is usually best. Author(s): Gomel V. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 June; 38(2): 353-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7554602

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Function of the corpus luteum, the endometrium and the trophoblast after treatment of tubal pregnancy by prostaglandin F2 alpha. Author(s): Vejtorp M, Sorensen S, Ruge S, Vejerslev LO. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1993 November; 8(11): 1928-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8288762

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Gonadoblastoma with tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pratt-Thomas HR, Cooper JM. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1976 January; 65(1): 121-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=942810

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Gray-scale ultrasound in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Schoenbaum S, Rosendorf L, Kappelman N, Rowan T. Source: Radiology. 1978 June; 127(3): 757-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=663173

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Hematosalpinx in tubal pregnancy: sonographic-pathologic correlation. Author(s): Subramanyam BR, Raghavendra BN, Balthazar EJ, Horii SC, Hilton S, Goldstein SR. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1983 August; 141(2): 361-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6603134

Studies

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Hemoperitoneum from a tubal pregnancy mimicking abruptio placentae: an obstetrical enigma. Author(s): Mathelier AC, Jurado L, Karachorlu K. Source: Int J Fertil. 1992 January-February; 37(1): 29-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1348732

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Heterotopic intrauterine and tubal pregnancy complicated by pulmonary embolism. A case report. Author(s): Lewis PL, Morel M, Scotti RJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1994 May; 39(5): 417-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8064712

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Heterotopic pregnancy with term delivery after rupture of a first-trimester tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Chandra PC, Schiavello HJ, Briggs SL, Samuels JD. Source: J Reprod Med. 1999 June; 44(6): 556-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10394552

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Heterotopic triplet pregnancy: report of a case with bilateral tubal pregnancy and an intrauterine pregnancy. Author(s): Pan HS, Chuang J, Chiu SF, Hsieh BC, Lin YH, Tsai YL, Huang SC, Hsieh ML, Chen CY, Hwang JL. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 May; 17(5): 1363-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11980766

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Histopathologic changes in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stock RJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1985 December; 30(12): 923-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4078828

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Histopathologic findings in ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Green LK, Kott ML. Source: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology : Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists. 1989; 8(3): 255-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2767874

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Histopathology of fallopian tubes with recurrent tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stock RJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 January; 75(1): 9-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2296430

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Tubal Pregnancy

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Histopathology of five tubes after treatment with methotrexate for a tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kooi S, van Etten FH, Kock HC. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1992 February; 57(2): 341-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1531199

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Histopathology of the fallopian tube after local instillation of hyperosmolar glucose solution for unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Honigl W, Pickel H, Tamussino K, Lang PF. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1993 June; 59(6): 1316-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8495785

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Histopathology of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Dietl J, Buchholz F, Kindler PA. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1988 December; 27(3): 385-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2904903

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Human chorionic gonadotropin regression following conservative surgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Holtz G. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 October 1; 147(3): 347-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6194687

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Hydropic degeneration resembling hydatidiform mole in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pschera H. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1989; 68(3): 275-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2618613

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Hysterosalpingography and selective salpingography in the differential diagnosis of chemical intrauterine versus tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Gleicher N, Parrilli M, Pratt DE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1992 March; 57(3): 553-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1740197

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Immunohistochemical characterisation of trophoblast antigens and secretory products in ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Earl U, Wells M, Bulmer JN. Source: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology : Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists. 1986; 5(2): 132-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2424851

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Incidence of adhesions in the true pelvis after pelviscopic operative treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Mecke H, Semm K, Freys I, Argiriou C, Gent HJ. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1989; 28(4): 202-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2620863

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Interstitial tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Toongsuwan S. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1969 February; 9(1): 62-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5253695

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Intramesosalpingeal injection of oxytocin in conservative laparoscopic treatment for tubal pregnancy: preliminary results. Author(s): Fedele L, Bianchi S, Tozzi L, Zanconato G, Silvestre V. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 November; 13(11): 3042-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9853852

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Intramuscular methotrexate for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): el-Lamie IK, Shehata NA, Kamel HA. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 February; 47(2): 144-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11883354

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Intramuscular methotrexate for tubal pregnancy: failure and fertility. Author(s): Bhatt A. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 June; 170(6): 1840-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8203452

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Intrauterine device use and risk of tubal pregnancy: an Indonesian case-control study. Author(s): Basuki B, Rossing MA, Daling JR. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 1994 October; 23(5): 1000-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7860150

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Intrauterine pregnancy after treatment of tubal pregnancy with local and systemic prostaglandins in a patient with a single oviduct. Author(s): Honigl W, Lang PF, Weiss PA, Winter R. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1992 April; 7(4): 573-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1325989

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Tubal Pregnancy

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Intrauterine pregnancy in a patient with a sole remaining tube after local treatment of tubal pregnancy with hyperosmolar glucose. Author(s): Honigl W, Lang PF. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1992 September; 58(3): 625-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1381689

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Is conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy preferable to salpingectomy? An economic analysis. Author(s): Mol BW, Hajenius PJ, Engelsbel S, Ankum WM, Hemrika DJ, van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1997 July; 104(7): 834-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9236650

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Is salpingostomy the surgical treatment of choice for unruptured tubal pregnancy? Author(s): Rulin MC. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 December; 86(6): 1010-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7501323

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Laparoscopic adnexal surgery during pregnancy: a case of heterotopic tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic salpingectomy. Author(s): Parker J, Watkins W, Robinson H, Byrne D. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1995 May; 35(2): 208-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7677693

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Laparoscopic management of an unrecognized spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sommer EM, Reisenberger K, Bogner G, Nagele F. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2002 April; 81(4): 366-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11952471

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Laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Chu KK, Chang SD, Lee CJ. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1991 October; 90(10): 1004-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1685165

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Laparoscopic salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Dubuisson JB, Aubriot FX, Cardone V. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1987 February; 47(2): 225-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2949999

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Laparoscopic salpingostomy with electrocautery in the management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Wang IY, Peat B, Fraser IS. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1992 November; 32(4): 367-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1290439

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Laparoscopic surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy. A safe, effective alternative to laparotomy. Author(s): Zouves C, Urman B, Gomel V. Source: J Reprod Med. 1992 March; 37(3): 205-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1532989

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Laparoscopic therapy for tubal pregnancy using prostaglandins. Author(s): Deckardt R, Saks M, Graff H. Source: J Reprod Med. 1993 August; 38(8): 587-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8410861

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Laparoscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Reich H, Freifeld ML, McGlynn F, Reich E. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 February; 69(2): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2949172

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Laparoscopy for the diagnosis of unruptured tubal pregnancy. Report of case. Author(s): Oberdorfer PW, Mojadidi Q. Source: Jfma. 1972 June; 59(6): 24-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4260989

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Leiomyoma of the fallopian tube: a cause of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Moore OA, Waxman M, Udoffia C. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 May 1; 134(1): 101-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=443300

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Letter: Tubal pregnancy and failed sterilisation. Author(s): Smith AM. Source: Lancet. 1975 December 13; 2(7946): 1207. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=53687

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Letter: Tubal pregnancy and surgery. Author(s): Jeffcoate N. Source: British Medical Journal. 1976 April 24; 1(6016): 1014-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1268517

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Letter: Tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Iffy L, Gasser RF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1976 March; 47(3): 380-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1250569

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Leucocyte populations in ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Earl U, Lunny DP, Bulmer JN. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1987 August; 40(8): 901-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3308965

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Local application of hyperosmolar glucose solution in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Lang P, Weiss PA, Mayer HO. Source: Lancet. 1989 October 14; 2(8668): 922-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2571844

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Local danazol injection for treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy (preliminary experience). Author(s): Ali AF. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1993 May; 49(3): 137-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7691665

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Local etoposide injection for treatment of tubal pregnancy with cardiac activity. Author(s): Kusaka M, Tanaka T, Fujimoto S. Source: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994 January-February; 39(1): 11-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7513224

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Local infiltration of ornithine 8-vasopressin (POR 8) as a vasoconstrictive agent in surgical pelviscopy (applied to myoma enucleation, salpingotomy in cases of tubal pregnancy and peripheral salpingostomy). Author(s): Semm K, Mettler L. Source: Endoscopy. 1988 November; 20(6): 298-304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3229389

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Local injection of hyperosmolar glucose solution versus salpingotomy for tubepreserving therapy in women with unruptured tubal pregnancy and a serum hCG level of <2,500 IU/L. Author(s): Arikan GM, Jelinek B, Tamussino K, Basver A, Haas J, Lang PF. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 April; 75(4): 826-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11287045

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Management of tubal pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Zakut H, Sadan O, Katz A, Dreval D, Bernstein D. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1989 June; 96(6): 725-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2478186

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Management of unruptured tubal pregnancy by aspiration of sac under ultrasound control. Author(s): Davison G, Leeton J. Source: Lancet. 1988 July 30; 2(8605): 276. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2899257

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Management of unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Siegler AM, Wang CF, Westoff C. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1981 November; 36(11): 599-607. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6457264

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Maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stergachis A, Scholes D, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Chu J. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1991 February 15; 133(4): 332-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1822668

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Maternal cigarette smoking and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Chow WH, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Voigt LF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 February; 71(2): 167-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3336551

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Maternal serum creatine kinase as a biochemical marker of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Chandra L, Jain A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1995 April; 49(1): 21-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9457980

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Maternal serum creatine kinase does not predict tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Lincoln SR, Dockery JR, Long CA, Rock WA Jr, Cowan BD. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 1996 October; 13(9): 702-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8947816

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Maternal serum creatine kinase: a possible predictor of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Lavie O, Beller U, Neuman M, Ben-Chetrit A, Gottcshalk-Sabag S, Diamant YZ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 November; 169(5): 114950. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8238176

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Maternal serum creatine kinase: a possible predictor of tubal pregnancy? Author(s): Garcia-Velasco JA, Requena A, Santisteban J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 July; 175(1): 238-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8694067

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Methotrexate for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy: a prospective nonrandomized study. Author(s): Gervaise A, Capella-Allouc S, Audibert F, Rongieres-Bertrand C, Vincent Y, Fernandez H. Source: Jsls. 2003 July-September; 7(3): 233-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14558711

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Methotrexate in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Fernandez H. Source: Lancet. 1997 November 22; 350(9090): 1555; Author Reply 1555-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9388433

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Methotrexate in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Hart R, Magos A. Source: Lancet. 1997 November 22; 350(9090): 1555; Author Reply 1555-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9388432

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Methotrexate in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Watermeyer S, Penketh R. Source: Lancet. 1997 November 22; 350(9090): 1554-5; Author Reply 1555-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9388431

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Methotrexate local injection for unruptured tubal pregnancy: an alternative to laparotomy? Author(s): Pansky M, Bukovsky I, Golan A, Herman A, Hertziano I, Langer R, Caspi E. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1992 April; 37(4): 265-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1375564

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Methotrexate therapy of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Goldenberg M, Bider D, Admon D, Mashiach S, Oelsner G. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1993 May; 8(5): 660-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7686179

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Methotrexate treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Falk RJ. Source: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994 July-August; 39(4): 197-201. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7951400

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Methotrexate treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Cannon L, Jesionowska H. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1991 June; 55(6): 1033-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2037100

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Methotrexate treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Bateman BG. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 January; 164(1 Pt 1): 231. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1986612

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Microscopic salpingitis is not an etiologic factor of tubal pregnancy with intrauterine devices. Author(s): Lurie S, Katz Z, Yechezkeli Y, Lifscitz-Mercer B, Shoham Z. Source: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994 November-December; 39(6): 333-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7889086

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Midtrimester tubal pregnancy with markedly elevated maternal serum alphafetoprotein. A case report. Author(s): Klas WA, Gravett MG. Source: J Reprod Med. 1990 September; 35(9): 915-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1700118

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Mifepristone in combination with methotrexate for the medical treatment of tubal pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial. Author(s): Gazvani MR, Baruah DN, Alfirevic Z, Emery SJ. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 July; 13(7): 1987-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9740462

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Modern management of the unruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Taylor PJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1986 July; 29(4): 226-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3730960

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Modified hysterosalpingography in post-operative examination after tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Vuorinen P, Pietila K, Nummi S, Laitinen J. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 1972 June; 45(534): 429-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5029027

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Morular metaplasia of the endometrium misdiagnosed as adeno-acanthoma in a patient with tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): von der Heyden U, Deale CJ, Nel JT. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1986 December 6; 70(12): 764-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3787408

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Myoelectrical activity in the human oviduct with tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pulkkinen MO, Talo A. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 January 15; 148(2): 151-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6691390

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National trends in the management of tubal pregnancy, 1970-1987. Author(s): Young PL, Saftlas AF, Atrash HK, Lawson HW, Petrey FF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 November; 78(5 Pt 1): 749-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1833684

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New concepts in the surgical management of tubal pregnancy and the consequent postoperative results. Author(s): Schenker JG, Evron S. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1983 December; 40(6): 709-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6228443

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Nonsurgical diagnosis and treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stovall TG, Ling FW, Carson SA, Buster JE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1990 September; 54(3): 537-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2397799

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Nonsurgical management of tubal pregnancy. Necessity in view of the changing clinical appearance. Author(s): Pansky M, Golan A, Bukovsky I, Caspi E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 March; 164(3): 888-95. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1825903

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Nonsurgical management of unruptured tubal pregnancy with intra-amniotic methotrexate: preliminary report of two cases. Author(s): Leeton J, Davison G. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1988 July; 50(1): 167-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3384111

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Nonsurgical treatment of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kratzer PG, Taylor RN. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1991 May; 55(5): 1020-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2022261

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Omental evisceration after laparoscopic treatment of a tubal pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Haeusler G, Tempfer C, Gitsch G, Hanzal E. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1998; 45(1): 66-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9473169

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On the rate of tubal pregnancy contralateral to the corpus luteum. Author(s): Insunza A, de Pablo F, Croxatto HD, Letelier LM, Morante M, Croxatto HB. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1988; 67(5): 433-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3218462

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Operative laparoscopy for the management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Cartwright PS, Herbert CM 3rd, Maxson WS. Source: J Reprod Med. 1986 July; 31(7): 589-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2427718

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Operative management of ruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Harralson JD, Van Nagell JR Jr, Roddick JW Jr. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 April 1; 115(7): 995-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4695317

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Past intrauterine device use and risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Westhoff C. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1994 January; 5(1): 129-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8117774

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Past use of an intrauterine device and risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Rossing MA, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Voigt LF, Stergachis AS, Wang SP, Grayston JT. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1993 May; 4(3): 245-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8512988

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Pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Niles, Clark JF. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1969 December 15; 105(8): 12304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5360254

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Pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Clark JF, Verly GP, Johnson HD. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1982 August; 74(8): 785-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7131577

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Pediatric management problems (tubal pregnancy). Author(s): Sherman FS. Source: Pediatric Nursing. 1980 November-December; 6(6): 40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6904962

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Pelvic trophoblastic implants after laparoscopic removal of a tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Thatcher SS, Grainger DA, True LD, DeCherney AH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989 September; 74(3 Pt 2): 514-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2548138

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Peritoneal trophoblastic implants after surgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Cartwright PS. Source: J Reprod Med. 1991 July; 36(7): 523-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1658320

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Persistent ectopic pregnancy following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Hart R, Magos A. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1997 April; 104(4): 508-9; Author Reply 509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9141597

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Persistent ectopic pregnancy following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): As AK, Jaja DM. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1997 April; 104(4): 508; Author Reply 509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9141596

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Persistent ectopic pregnancy following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Apoola A. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1997 April; 104(4): 508; Author Reply 509. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9141595

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Persistent ectopic pregnancy following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Dwarakanath LS, Mascarenhas L, Penketh RJ, Newton JR. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1996 October; 103(10): 1021-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8863702

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Persistent trophoblast after conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy: prediction and detection. Author(s): Lundorff P, Hahlin M, Sjoblom P, Lindblom B. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 January; 77(1): 129-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1984212

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Persistent tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stock RJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 February; 77(2): 267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1988890

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Post tubectomy tubal pregnancy: (a case report). Author(s): Rao KP. Source: J Obstet Gynaecol India. 1978 October; 28(5): 908-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=750248

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Postligation tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Chaudhuri SK, Ray M. Source: J Indian Med Assoc. 1982 February 1; 78(3): 50-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7108240

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Poststerilisation tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Jha K, Sahay S. Source: J Indian Med Assoc. 1985 February; 83(2): 70-1, 78. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4056429

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Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of an oocyte aspirated during tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Trotnow S, Kniewald T, Al-Hasani S, Becker H. Source: Arch Gynecol. 1982; 231(4): 321-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7149782

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Presentation of advanced tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Baruah S, Latthe P, Downey GP. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 July; 23(4): 435-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12881092

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Previous abdominal surgery and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Ni HY, Daling JR, Chu J, Stergachis A, Voigt LF, Weiss NS. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 June; 75(6): 919-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2342736

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Prior condom use and the risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Li DK, Daling JR, Stergachis AS, Chu J, Weiss NS. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1990 August; 80(8): 964-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2368859

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Proliferative cell activity in correlation to human chorionic gonadotrophin release of trophoblast tissue of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kiss H, Klein M, Egarter C, Graf AH, Hacker G, Hutter W, Czerwenka K, Husslein P. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1997 February; 12(2): 383-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9070731

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Prostaglandin injection for termination of tubal pregnancy: preliminary results. Author(s): Husslein P, Fitz R, Pateisky N, Egarter C. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1989 April; 6(2): 117-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2712907

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Prostaglandin versus expectant management in early tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Egarter C, Kiss H, Husslein P. Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 1991 March; 42(3): 1779. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1830393

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Pseudo-decidualization at the site of implantation in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Spornitz UM. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1993; 253(2): 85-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8215612

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Randomised trial of systemic methotrexate versus laparoscopic salpingostomy in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Hajenius PJ, Engelsbel S, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Ankum WM, Bossuyt PM, Hemrika DJ, Lammes FB. Source: Lancet. 1997 September 13; 350(9080): 774-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9297998

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Re: Maternal smoking and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Shapiro S. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1992 January 1; 135(1): 106-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1736654

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Recent techniques for the conservative management of tubal pregnancy. Surgery, laparoscopy and medicine. Author(s): Stangel JJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1986 February; 31(2): 98-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3007755

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Recognizing a tubal pregnancy. Author(s): McGovern CS. Source: Mcn. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing. 1978 September-October; 3(5): 303-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=99617

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Reimplantation of a human embryo with subsequent tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Steptoe PC, Edwards RG. Source: Lancet. 1976 April 24; 1(7965): 880-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=58146

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Repeat ipsilateral tubal pregnancy following partial salpingectomy: a case report. Author(s): Cartwright PS, Entman SS. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1984 October; 42(4): 647-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6489543

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Reproductive outcome after conservative surgery for unruptured tubal pregnancy--a 15-year experience. Author(s): Langer R, Raziel A, Ron-El R, Golan A, Bukovsky I, Caspi E. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1990 February; 53(2): 227-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2298307

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Reproductive outcome after fimbrial evacuation of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sherman D, Langer R, Herman A, Bukovsky I, Caspi E. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1987 March; 47(3): 420-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3556621

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Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic local methotrexate injection for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pansky M, Bukovsky J, Golan A, Avrech O, Langer R, Weinraub Z, Caspi E. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1993 July; 60(1): 85-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8513963

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Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Dubuisson JB, Aubriot FX, Foulot H, Bruel D, Bouquet de Joliniere J, Mandelbrot L. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1990 June; 53(6): 1004-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2140989

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Reproductive outcome after microsurgical treatment of tubal pregnancy in women with a single fallopian tube. Author(s): Oelsner G, Rabinovitch O, Morad J, Mashiach S, Serr DM. Source: J Reprod Med. 1986 June; 31(6): 483-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3735260

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Reproductive outcome following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy in women with a single fallopian tube. Author(s): Valle JA, Lifchez AS. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1983 March; 39(3): 316-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6219012

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Reproductive performance following conservative microsurgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kadar N. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988 May; 95(5): 538-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3401440

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Reproductive performance following conservative microsurgical management of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Oelsner G, Morad J, Carp H, Mashiach S, Serr DM. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1987 November; 94(11): 1078-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3426982

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Retained fetal bones in chronic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Avery DM, Silverman JF, Mazur MT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 August 1; 149(7): 794-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6465232

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Retroperitoneal hematoma from a ruptured tubal pregnancy as an unusual cause of a pelvic mass. A case report. Author(s): Lev-Gur M, Adachi A, Greston WM, Kleiner GJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1986 April; 31(4): 271-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3712367

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Rh immunization in ruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Barr RD. Source: British Medical Journal. 1973 March 17; 1(5854): 674-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4632568

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Rh immunization in ruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Katz J, Marcus RG. Source: British Medical Journal. 1973 February 3; 1(5848): 290. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4631041

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Rh sensitization after tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Aborjaily AN. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1969 November 6; 281(19): 1076. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4981017

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Risks in the treatment of tubal pregnancy by prostaglandin. Author(s): Dietl J, Korte K, Lippert TH. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1991 November; 8(6): 423. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1814310

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Role of steroid receptors in the pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sadan O, Ginath S, Rotmensch S, Boaz M, Golan A, Glezerman M. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 December; 47(12): 1031-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12516323

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Rupture of tubal pregnancy after transvaginal puncture. Author(s): Honigl W, Lang P, Urdl W, Weiss PA. Source: Lancet. 1990 October 6; 336(8719): 885-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1976917

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Ruptured spleen as a differential diagnosis in ruptured tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Weekes LR. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1984 April; 76(4): 345-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6737489

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Ruptured tubal pregnancy following tubal sterilization. Author(s): Muhiu G, Rogo KO. Source: East Afr Med J. 1987 May; 64(5): 333-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3325262

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Ruptured tubal pregnancy in the northern part of Nigeria. Author(s): Ezem BU, Essel EK, Otubu JA. Source: East Afr Med J. 1980 August; 57(8): 574-84. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7408739

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Ruptured tubal pregnancy six years after total vaginal hysterectomy. Author(s): Culpepper JP 3rd. Source: J Miss State Med Assoc. 1985 December; 26(12): 341-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4087293

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Ruptured tubal pregnancy with contralateral tubal infarction. A case report. Author(s): Grazi RV, Demopoulos RI. Source: J Reprod Med. 1984 May; 29(5): 349-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6726708

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Ruptured tubal pregnancy with elevated serum amylase levels. Author(s): Flege JB Jr. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1966 March; 92(3): 397-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5906835

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Salpingitis isthmica nodosa in female infertility and ectopic tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Honore LH. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1978 February; 29(2): 164-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=624420

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Salpingitis isthmica nodosa: a high-risk factor for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Majmudar B, Henderson PH 3rd, Semple E. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 July; 62(1): 73-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6856228

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Seasonal patterns in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Goldenberg M, Bider D, Seidman DS, Lipitz S, Mashiach S, Oelsner G. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1993; 35(3): 149-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8505005

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Selective salpingography for the diagnosis and treatment of early tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Confino E, Binor Z, Molo MW, Radwanska E. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1994 August; 62(2): 286-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8034074

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Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels relate poorly with the size of a tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Cartwright PS, Moore RA, Dao AH, Wong SW, Anderson JR. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1987 October; 48(4): 679-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2443392

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Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and combined intrauterine and tubal pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Moosburger D, Tews G. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1996 January; 11(1): 68-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8671159

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Sexually transmitted diseases and the risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sherman KJ, Chow WH, Daling JR, Weiss NS. Source: J Reprod Med. 1988 January; 33(1): 30-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3351804

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Sexually transmitted diseases and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Sherman KJ, Daling JR, Stergachis A, Weiss NS, Foy HM, Wang SP, Grayston JT. Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1990 July-September; 17(3): 115-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2247800

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Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection treated by conservative medical treatment. Interest of sonographic follow-up. Author(s): Mock P, Olivennes F, Doumerc S, Frydman R, Fernandez H. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 January; 94(1): 155-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11134843

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Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Author(s): Kahraman S, Alatas C, Tasdemir M, Nuhoglu A, Aksoy S, Biberoglu K. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1995 December; 10(12): 3320-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8822467

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Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Kasum M, Grizelj V, Simunic V. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 February; 13(2): 465-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9557858

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Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Clark SL, Aryasingha JC. Source: J Reprod Med. 1983 March; 28(3): 227-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6854557

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Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Ziehm DJ. Source: J Reprod Med. 1971 May; 6(5): 205-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5094730

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Simultaneous intrauterine twins and tubal pregnancy after conservative microsurgery for ectopic pregnancy in a patient with a single tube: case report. Author(s): Oelsner G, Morad J, Ben-Rafael Z, Mashiach S. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1985 April; 43(4): 662-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3987931

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Simultaneous tubal pregnancy and twisted ovarian cyst. Author(s): Phupong V, Manipalviratn S. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2003 August; 268(3): 211-3. Epub 2003 June 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12819988

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Simultaneous uterine and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Devitt RE. Source: J Ir Med Assoc. 1965 October; 57(340): 121. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5890395

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Sonographic diagnosis of triplet tubal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Tsai HD, Chang CC, Hsieh YY, Chang CC, Yang TC, Chen CM. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1998 March-April; 26(3): 159-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9502039

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Spontaneous regression of tubal pregnancy: current considerations. Author(s): Perone N. Source: Tex Med. 1987 November; 83(11): 40-2. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3321521

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Spontaneous resolution of ectopic tubal pregnancy: natural history. Author(s): Shalev E, Peleg D, Tsabari A, Romano S, Bustan M. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1995 January; 63(1): 15-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7805905

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Surgical management of tubal pregnancy: effect on subsequent fertility. Author(s): Douglas ES Jr, Shingleton HM, Crist T. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1969 August; 62(8): 954-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5798334

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Surviving child from tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Hjortdal VE, Borlum KG, Sogaard H. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1991 March; 34(3): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1673949

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Systemic methotrexate therapy versus laparoscopic salpingostomy in patients with tubal pregnancy. Part I. Impact on patients' health-related quality of life. Author(s): Nieuwkerk PT, Hajenius PJ, Ankum WM, Van der Veen F, Wijker W, Bossuyt PM. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 September; 70(3): 511-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9757881

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Systemic methotrexate therapy versus laparoscopic salpingostomy in tubal pregnancy. Part II. Patient preferences for systemic methotrexate. Author(s): Nieuwkerk PT, Hajenius PJ, Van der Veen F, Ankum WM, Wijker W, Bossuyt PM. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 September; 70(3): 518-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9757882

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The contralateral corpus luteum and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Iffy L. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 June; 71(6 Pt 1): 950-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3368174

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The contralateral corpus luteum and tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Walters MD, Eddy C, Pauerstein CJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 December; 70(6): 823-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3684114

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The histopathology of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Parmley TH. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 March; 30(1): 119-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3581553

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The ultrasonographic appearance of tubal pregnancy in patients treated with methotrexate. Author(s): Gamzu R, Almog B, Levin Y, Pauzner D, Lessing JB, Jaffa A, Bar-Am A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 October; 17(10): 2585-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12351533

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Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of suspected tubal pregnancy and contralateral missing adnexa. Author(s): Sharony A, Nseir T, Bronshtein M, Eibschitz I. Source: Int J Fertil. 1991 July-August; 36(4): 212-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1680821

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Treatment of tubal pregnancy by prostaglandins. Author(s): Egarter C, Husslein P. Source: Lancet. 1988 May 14; 1(8594): 1104-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2896929

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Treatment of tubal pregnancy in the netherlands: an economic comparison of systemic methotrexate administration and laparoscopic salpingostomy. Author(s): Mol BW, Hajenius PJ, Engelsbel S, Ankum WM, Hemrika DJ, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 October; 181(4): 945-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10521759

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Treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy with methotrexate: pharmacokinetic analysis of local versus intramuscular administration. Author(s): Fernandez H, Bourget P, Ville Y, Lelaidier C, Frydman R. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1994 November; 62(5): 943-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7926139

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Trends for inpatient treatment of tubal pregnancy in Maryland. Author(s): Sewell CA, Cundiff GW. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 March; 186(3): 404-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11904598

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Tubal artery blood flow in evaluation of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Stefanovic V, Cacciatore B, Ylostalo P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1996 September; 75(8): 745-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8906010

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Tubal patency after local methotrexate injection for tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Pansky M, Bukovsky I, Golan A, Weinraub Z, Schneider D, Langer R, Arieli S, Caspi E. Source: Lancet. 1989 October 21; 2(8669): 967-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2571874

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Tubal pregnancy after pomeroy sterilization. Author(s): Berker B, Kabukcu C, Dokmeci F. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2002 January; 266(1): 56-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11998970

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Tubal pregnancy after total vaginal hysterectomy. Author(s): Reese WA, O'Connor R, Bouzoukis JK, Sutherland SF. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1989 October; 18(10): 1107-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2679246

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Tubal pregnancy and the risk of subsequent infertility. Author(s): Mueller BA, Daling JR, Weiss NS, Moore DE, Spadoni LR, Soderstrom RM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987 May; 69(5): 722-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3574799

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Tubal pregnancy associated with a benign cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube. A case report. Author(s): Massouda D, Wortham GF 3rd, Oakley JL. Source: J Reprod Med. 1988 June; 33(6): 563-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3404520

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Tubal pregnancy causing haematoma in intra-uterine pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound; a case report. Author(s): Ledertoug S, Clausen I, Borlum KG. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1988 October; 29(2): 107-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3056753

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Tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Report of three cases. Author(s): Chen SC, Tzeng CR, Chao HT, Chang SP, Ng HT. Source: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1987 April; 39(4): 285-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3455335

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Tubal pregnancy following laparoscopic sterilisation. Author(s): Iype E, Nair VR, Girija B. Source: Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987 June; 13(2): 201-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3632469

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Tubal pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn: a case report. Author(s): Handa Y, Hoshi N, Yamada H, Wada S, Kudo M, Tsuda K, Sagawa T, Fujimoto S. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1999 August; 72(2): 354-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10439010

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Tubal pregnancy with patent tube diagnosed by hysterosalpingography. Author(s): Schwartz Z, Katz Z, Lancet M, Bernstein D. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1986 October; 24(5): 383-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2880774

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Tubal pregnancy. Associated histopathology. Author(s): Stock RJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 1991 March; 18(1): 73-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1923257

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Tubal pregnancy: a review of current diagnosis and treatment. Author(s): Fylstra DL. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1998 May; 53(5): 320-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9589440

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Tubal pregnancy--reappraisal of incidence. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Bahary CM. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1987 January; 24(1): 57-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3493182

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Ultrastructure of the nidatory site in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Kawagoe K, Kawana T, Sakamoto S. Source: Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn. 1981 March; 33(3): 403-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7211228

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Unilateral tubal pregnancy of twins. Author(s): Zakut H, Fiengold M, Lipnitzky W. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1983; 10(4): 157-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6671315

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Unilateral twin tubal pregnancy in Uganda. Author(s): Burchfield M. Source: Midwives Chron. 1983 January; 96(1140): 5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6550184

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Unruptured tubal pregnancy at term with survival of mother and child. Author(s): Augensen K. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 February; 61(2): 259-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6823368

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Unruptured tubal pregnancy: local low-dose therapy with methotrexate under transvaginal ultrasonographic guidance. Author(s): Merz E, Bahlmann F, Weber G, Macchiella D, Kruczynski D, Pollow K, Knapstein PG. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1996; 41(2): 76-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8838963

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Unsuccessful methotrexate treatment of a tubal pregnancy with a live embryo. Author(s): Bider D, Oelsner G, Admon D, Levran D, Goldenberg M, Mashiach S. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1992 September 23; 46(2-3): 154-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1451894

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Unsuccessful treatment of tubal pregnancy by shock wave lithotripsy. Author(s): Egarter C, Hofbauer J, Bikas D, Reisenberger K. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1995; 256(4): 205-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7503593

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Unusual presentation of a third tubal pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Sangal PR, Kotwal H. Source: J Reprod Med. 1987 April; 32(4): 320-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3585881

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Vaginal douching and the risk of tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Daling JR, Weiss NS, Schwartz SM, Stergachis A, Wang SP, Foy H, Chu J, McKnight B, Grayston JT. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1991 January; 2(1): 40-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2021665

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND TUBAL PREGNANCY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and tubal pregnancy.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Tubal Pregnancy The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “tubal pregnancy” (or a synonym): •

Contralateral tubal pregnancy after gamete intrafallopian transfer. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium. Source: Merchiers, E H De Sutter, P Dhont, M Fertil-Steril. 1992 March; 57(3): 693-4 00150282

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First successful intrauterine pregnancy after treatment of tubal pregnancy with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Author(s): Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna, Austria. Source: Egarter, C Husslein, P Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol. 1989 October; 161(4): 904 0002-9378

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Intramesosalpingeal injection of oxytocin in conservative laparoscopic treatment for tubal pregnancy: preliminary results. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Italy. Source: Fedele, L Bianchi, S Tozzi, L Zanconato, G Silvestre, V Hum-Reprod. 1998 November; 13(11): 3042-4 0268-1161

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Intrauterine pregnancy after treatment of tubal pregnancy with local and systemic prostaglandins in a patient with a single oviduct. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Graz, Austria. Source: Honigl, W Lang, P F Weiss, P A Winter, R Hum-Reprod. 1992 April; 7(4): 573-4 0268-1161

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Local infiltration of ornithine 8-vasopressin (POR 8) as a vasoconstrictive agent in surgical pelviscopy (applied to myoma enucleation, salpingotomy in cases of tubal pregnancy and peripheral salpingostomy). Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, FRG. Source: Semm, K Mettler, L Endoscopy. 1988 November; 20(6): 298-304 0013-726X

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Management of tubal pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. Source: Zakut, H Sadan, O Katz, A Dreval, D Bernstein, D Br-J-Obstet-Gynaecol. 1989 June; 96(6): 725-8 0306-5456

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Nonsurgical management of tubal pregnancy. Necessity in view of the changing clinical appearance. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. Source: Pansky, M Golan, A Bukovsky, I Caspi, E Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol. 1991 March; 164(3): 888-95 0002-9378

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Prostaglandin injection for termination of tubal pregnancy: preliminary results. Author(s): I. Univ. Frauenklinik Wien, Vienna, Austria. Source: Husslein, P Fitz, R Pateisky, N Egarter, C Am-J-Perinatol. 1989 April; 6(2): 117-20 0735-1631

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Prostaglandin versus expectant management in early tubal pregnancy. Author(s): I. Univ. Frauenklinik, Vienna/Austria. Source: Egarter, C Kiss, H Husslein, P Prostaglandins-Leukot-Essent-Fatty-Acids. 1991 March; 42(3): 177-9 0952-3278

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Treatment of tubal pregnancy by laparoscope-guided injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Goteborg, Sweden. Source: Lindblom, B Hahlin, M Lundorff, P Thorburn, J Fertil-Steril. 1990 September; 54(3): 404-8 0015-0282

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Treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy by an hysteroscopic procedure. Author(s): Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tromso, Norway. Source: Kullander, S Maltau, J M Acta-Obstet-Gynecol-Scand. 1991; 70(3): 247-8 00016349

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Trichosanthin injection in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, Austria. Source: Egarter, C Husslein, P Yeung, H W Gynecol-Obstet-Invest. 1991; 31(2): 119-20 0378-7346

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. PREGNANCY

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND TUBAL

Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to tubal pregnancy. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to tubal pregnancy and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to tubal pregnancy: •

An indirect method of discovering primary traumatic experiences: two case examples. Author(s): Cheek DB. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1989 July; 32(1): 41-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2773821

•

Ectopic pregnancy treated with trichosanthin. Clinical analysis of 71 patients. Author(s): Lu PX, Jin YC. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1989 May; 102(5): 365-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2509159

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Local etoposide injection for treatment of tubal pregnancy with cardiac activity. Author(s): Kusaka M, Tanaka T, Fujimoto S.

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Source: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1994 January-February; 39(1): 11-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7513224 •

Successful conservative treatment for advanced interstitial pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Chen CL, Wang PH, Chiu LM, Yang ML, Hung JH. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 May; 47(5): 424-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12063884

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Successful treatment of cornual pregnancy with 1-day high-dose methotrexate regimen and folinic acid rescue. Author(s): Talmon R, Filmar S, Itskovitz-Eldor J. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1993; 35(4): 243-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7687231

•

Trichosanthin injection in tubal pregnancy. Author(s): Egarter C, Husslein P, Yeung HW. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1991; 31(2): 119-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1709895

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Tubal obstruction after ligation reversal surgery: results of catheter recanalization. Author(s): Thurmond AS, Brandt KR, Gorrill MJ. Source: Radiology.

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

Alternative Medicine 53

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON TUBAL PREGNANCY Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to tubal pregnancy. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on tubal pregnancy include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on tubal pregnancy: •

Grieving the Child I Never Knew: A Devotional Companion for Comfort in the Loss of Your Unborn or Newly Born Child Source: Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House. 2001. 157 p. Contact: Available from Zondervan Publishing House, 5300 Patterson SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49530. [email protected] (E-mail), http://www.zondervan.com (wholesaler only); http://www.amazon.com (retailer) (Web Site). $12.99. ISBN 0-310-22777-1. Summary: Through this collection of 31 devotions, the author offers comfort, the reassurance of God's presence, and strength for the journey through grief for parents who have lost a child through miscarriage, tubal pregnancy, stillbirth, or early infant death. The author herself took a personal journey through grief to healing after experiencing three miscarriages and the death of an infant son. Each devotion includes a passage from scripture, a prayer, 'Steps Toward Healing' questions, and a space for

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journaling. A number of the readings are appropriate for holidays and special occasions. The book includes a list of books, magazines, and music for grieving parents as well as contact information for 21 support organizations.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “tubal pregnancy” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “tubal pregnancy” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “tubal pregnancy” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

Empty Arms: Hope and Support for Those Who Have Suffered a Miscarriage, Stillbirth, or Tubal Pregnancy by Pam Vredevelt (Author); ISBN: 1576738515; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1576738515/icongroupinterna

Chapters on Tubal Pregnancy In order to find chapters that specifically relate to tubal pregnancy, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and tubal pregnancy using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.

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CHAPTER 5. MULTIMEDIA ON TUBAL PREGNANCY Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on tubal pregnancy. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Video Recordings An excellent source of multimedia information on tubal pregnancy is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to “Videorecording” and “tubal pregnancy” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find video productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Videorecording (videotape, videocassette, etc.).” Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for video recordings on tubal pregnancy: •

Sexually - Transmitted Diseases Contact: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, PO Box 2053, Princeton, NJ, 08543, (800) 257-5126. Summary: This examination of sexually transmitted diseases focuses on chlamydia, herpes, and venereal warts as well as AIDS, strongly emphasizing prevention and early detection through new diagnostic tests. The program explains the complications from infection, including infertility, tubal pregnancy, and infections in babies. (Producer's abstract).

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CHAPTER 6. PREGNANCY

PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON TUBAL

Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover tubal pregnancy.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on tubal pregnancy is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to tubal pregnancy. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for tubal pregnancy: •

Smoking, pelvic infections up tubal pregnancy risk Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 14, 2003

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•

Conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy best for women with infertility factors Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 24, 2000

•

Methotrexate For Tubal Pregnancy: No Teratogenic Effects On Subsequent Pregnancies Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 26, 1998

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Methotrexate Versus Laparoscopic Salpingostomy For Tubal Pregnancy: Jury Still Out Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 12, 1997

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Drug Treatment for Tubal Pregnancy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: September 12, 1997

•

Type Of Surgery For Tubal Pregnancy Does Not Affect Later Fertility Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 13, 1997

•

Tube Tying Ups Tubal Pregnancy Risk Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 13, 1997

•

Monitoring A Must After Conservative Surgery For Tubal Pregnancy Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 28, 1996 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “tubal

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pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to tubal pregnancy, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Tubal Pregnancy Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to tubal pregnancy. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering tubal pregnancy that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute5: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

5

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.6 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

6

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 7 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway8 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.9 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 2757 39 904 2 2 3704

HSTAT10 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.11 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.12 Simply search by “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

8

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

9

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 10 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 11 12

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

13 Adapted 14

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on tubal pregnancy can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to tubal pregnancy. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to tubal pregnancy. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “tubal pregnancy”:

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High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html Infertility http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infertility.html Pregnancy Loss http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pregnancyloss.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on tubal pregnancy. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

Particularly Important Directions About Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Contact: Texas Department of Health Warehouse, Attn: Literature and Forms, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX, 78756, (512) 458-7761. Summary: This brochure for women discusses pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is an infection that is often asymptomatic, but some women may experience symptoms such as lower stomach cramps and/or pain, fever, chills, nausea, vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and/or painful sexual intercourse. PID is an infection that is often caused by a lack of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. PID can cause complications if left untreated, such as scarring of the fallopian tubes, sterility, tubal pregnancy, miscarriage, pelvic abscesses, abnormal menstrual periods, and continual pelvic pain. The brochure recommends that women with PID avoid having sex until they and their partners have taken all of their medications and have stopped exhibiting symptoms. It advises women about medications used in treatment, their side effects, and specific dosing requirements. The brochure also contains information for those women who use intrauterine device (IUDs) for birth control and recommends condom use to help prevent PID.

•

La Infeccion Pelvica: Lo Que Debe Saber Contact: California Family Health Council Incorporated, Education Programs Associates Division, Health Education Resource Center, 1 W Campbell Ave Ste 45, Campbell, CA, 95008, (408) 374-3720, http://epa.cfhc.org.

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Summary: This brochure, for women, discusses pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); an infection of the fallopian tubes, uterus, or ovaries. The symptoms of PID include pain or cramping in the abdomen, smelly vaginal discharge, bleeding between periods or after sex, pain during sex, fever or chills, nausea, and/or vomiting. PID develops when women have contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and do not receive medical treatment with antibiotic injections or pills. Individuals with PID need to protect themselves by ensuring that partners are treated, taking all of the prescribed medication even if symptoms disappear, avoiding sex during treatment, reporting any drug side effects or new symptoms immediately to a health care provider, and undergoing followup treatment after the antibiotic regimen has been completed. If left untreated, PID can result in the infection of others, severe abdominal pain, sterility, tubal pregnancy, or death. Pregnant women with PID can infect their infants, damaging their eyes and lungs. To help prevent STDs, individuals should practice safer sex with condoms and foam during each sexual encounter. The brochure provides contact information for services from which individuals can learn more about PID. •

PID--Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Some Questions and Answers Contact: American Social Health Association, PO Box 13827, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, (919) 361-8400. CDC National Prevention Information Network, PO Box 6003, Rockville, MD, 20849-6003, (800) 458-5231, http://www.cdcnpin.org. Summary: This pamphlet discusses pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious infection of a woman's reproductive organs. PID results when a sexually transmitted disease, usually gonorrhea or chlamydia, is not treated and the infection spreads throughout the female reproductive organs. The pamphlet describes the symptoms of PID, but it explains that PID can be asymptomatic. It can cause scarring in the fallopian tubes, which can lead to a tubal pregnancy or to sterility. The pamphlet advises women to get tested if they suspect PID, as PID can be cured with antibiotics. Prevention of PID involves prevention of STDs. The pamphlet also provides national hotline numbers for additional information. The National Guideline Clearinghouse™

The National Guideline Clearinghouse™ offers hundreds of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines published in the United States and other countries. You can search this site located at http://www.guideline.gov/ by using the keyword “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms). The following was recently posted: •

Chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis Source: Finnish Medical Society Duodecim - Professional Association; 2001 June 5; Various pagings http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3401&nbr=2627&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

Diagnosis and management of infertility Source: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization; 1996 February (revised 2003 Apr); 54 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3760&nbr=2986&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

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Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]; 1993 (revised 2002 May 10); 13 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3236&nbr=2462&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

Male and female sterilisation Source: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists - Medical Specialty Society; 1999 April; 86 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2557&nbr=1783&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

Maternal phenylketonuria Source: American Academy of Pediatrics - Medical Specialty Society; 2001 February; 2 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2777&nbr=2003&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

Pelvic inflammatory disease. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]; 1993 (revised 2002 May 10); 5 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3238&nbr=2464&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

Practice guidelines for obstetrical anesthesia Source: American Society of Anesthesiologists - Medical Specialty Society; 1999; 11 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=1853&nbr=1079&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy

•

The management of infertility in tertiary care Source: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists - Medical Specialty Society; 2000 January; 121 pages http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2555&nbr=1781&a mp;string=tubal+AND+pregnancy The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an

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ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to tubal pregnancy. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to tubal pregnancy. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with tubal pregnancy. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about tubal pregnancy. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines.

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The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “tubal pregnancy” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “tubal pregnancy”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “tubal pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “tubal pregnancy” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

79

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

83

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

85

TUBAL PREGNANCY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Ablation: The removal of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Abruptio Placentae: Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta. [NIH] Adhesions: Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. [NIH] Adnexa: The appendages of the eye, as the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelids, and the extraocular muscles. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Allergen: An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate-type hypersensitivity (allergy). [EU] Alpha-fetoprotein: AFP. A protein normally produced by a developing fetus. AFP levels are usually undetectable in the blood of healthy nonpregnant adults. An elevated level of AFP suggests the presence of either a primary liver cancer or germ cell tumor. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Amylase: An enzyme that helps the body digest starches. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Androgenic: Producing masculine characteristics. [EU] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign

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substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Appendicitis: Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. [NIH] Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. [NIH] Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [NIH] Aromatase: An enzyme which converts androgens to estrogens by desaturating ring A of the steroid. This enzyme complex is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogenproducing cells including ovaries, placenta, testicular Sertoli and Leydig cells, adipose, and brain tissues. The enzyme complex has two components, one of which is the CYP19 gene product, the aromatase cytochrome P-450. The other component is NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase which transfers reducing equivalents to P-450(arom). EC 1.14.13.-. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Ascites: Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. [NIH] Aseptic: Free from infection or septic material; sterile. [EU] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving

Dictionary 87

chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from intubation in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions. [NIH] Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chlamydia: A genus of the family Chlamydiaceae whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates including humans, mice, and swine. Chlamydia species are gram-negative and produce glycogen. The type species is Chlamydia trachomatis. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor of trophoblastic epithelium characterized by secretion of large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. It usually originates from chorionic products of

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conception (i.e., hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or following abortion), but can originate in a teratoma of the testis, mediastinum, or pineal gland. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make

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biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Condoms: A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contralateral: Having to do with the opposite side of the body. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Corpus Luteum: The yellow glandular mass formed in the ovary by an ovarian follicle that has ruptured and discharged its ovum. [NIH] Creatine: An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. [NIH]

Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of phosphocreatine from ATP + creatine. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic isoenzymes have been identified in human tissues: MM from skeletal muscle, MB from myocardial tissue, and BB from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins. EC 2.7.3.2. [NIH] Creatinine: A compound that is excreted from the body in urine. Creatinine levels are measured to monitor kidney function. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Cytochrome: Any electron transfer hemoprotein having a mode of action in which the transfer of a single electron is effected by a reversible valence change of the central iron atom of the heme prosthetic group between the +2 and +3 oxidation states; classified as cytochromes a in which the heme contains a formyl side chain, cytochromes b, which contain protoheme or a closely similar heme that is not covalently bound to the protein, cytochromes c in which protoheme or other heme is covalently bound to the protein, and cytochromes d in which the iron-tetrapyrrole has fewer conjugated double bonds than the hemes have. Well-known cytochromes have been numbered consecutively within groups and are designated by subscripts (beginning with no subscript), e.g. cytochromes c, c1, C2, . New cytochromes are named according to the wavelength in nanometres of the absorption maximum of the a-band of the iron (II) form in pyridine, e.g., c-555. [EU] Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and

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citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Douching: A jet or current of water, sometimes a dissolved medicating or cleansing agent, applied to a body part, organ or cavity for medicinal or hygienic purposes. [EU] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Ectopic Pregnancy: The pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. [NIH]

Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Embolus: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryo Transfer: Removal of a mammalian embryo from one environment and replacement in the same or a new environment. The embryo is usually in the pre-nidation phase, i.e., a blastocyst. The process includes embryo or blastocyst transplantation or transfer after in vitro fertilization and transfer of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. It is not used for transfer of differentiated embryonic tissue, e.g., germ layer cells. [NIH] Endometrial: Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus). [NIH]

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Enucleation: Removal of the nucleus from an eucaryiotic cell. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH]

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Epidermal: Pertaining to or resembling epidermis. Called also epidermic or epidermoid. [EU] ERV: The expiratory reserve volume is the largest volume of gas that can be expired from the end-expiratory level. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Evacuation: An emptying, as of the bowels. [EU] Expiratory: The volume of air which leaves the breathing organs in each expiration. [NIH] Expiratory Reserve Volume: The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV. [NIH] Extraocular: External to or outside of the eye. [NIH] Extravasation: A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. [EU] Fallopian Tubes: Two long muscular tubes that transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus. They extend from the horn of the uterus to the ovaries and consist of an ampulla, an infundibulum, an isthmus, two ostia, and a pars uterina. The walls of the tubes are composed of three layers: mucosal, muscular, and serosal. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Fetoprotein: Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac with a view to detecting increases of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal blood during pregnancy, as this is an important indicator of open neural tube defects in the fetus. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed

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silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Follicles: Shafts through which hair grows. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer: A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glycogen: A sugar stored in the liver and muscles. It releases glucose into the blood when cells need it for energy. Glycogen is the chief source of stored fuel in the body. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Gonadotropin: The water-soluble follicle stimulating substance, by some believed to originate in chorionic tissue, obtained from the serum of pregnant mares. It is used to supplement the action of estrogens. [NIH] Gonorrhea: Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Gram-negative: Losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. [EU] Granulosa Cells: Cells of the membrana granulosa lining the vesicular ovarian follicle which become luteal cells after ovulation. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Haematoma: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [EU] Half-Life: The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity. [NIH]

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Hematoma: An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue. [NIH] Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Herpes Zoster: Acute vesicular inflammation. [NIH] Holidays: Days commemorating events. Holidays also include vacation periods. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hydatidiform Mole: A trophoblastic disease characterized by hydrops of the mesenchymal portion of the villus. Its karyotype is paternal and usually homozygotic. The tumor is indistinguishable from chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole ( = hydatidiform mole, invasive) except by karyotype. There is no apparent relation by karyotype to choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform refers to the presence of the hydropic state of some or all of the villi (Greek hydatis, a drop of water). [NIH] Hygienic: Pertaining to hygiene, or conducive to health. [EU] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus. [NIH] Hysterosalpingography: Radiography of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a contrast medium. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH]

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In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infertility: The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring. [NIH] Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inhibin: Glyceroprotein hormone produced in the seminiferous tubules by the Sertoli cells in the male and by the granulosa cells in the female follicles. The hormone inhibits FSH and LH synthesis and secretion by the pituitary cells thereby affecting sexual maturation and fertility. [NIH] Instillation: . [EU] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intramuscular: IM. Within or into muscle. [NIH] Intravascular: Within a vessel or vessels. [EU] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ipsilateral: Having to do with the same side of the body. [NIH] Isoenzyme: Different forms of an enzyme, usually occurring in different tissues. The isoenzymes of a particular enzyme catalyze the same reaction but they differ in some of their properties. [NIH] Karyotype: The characteristic chromosome complement of an individual, race, or species as defined by their number, size, shape, etc. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lacrimal: Pertaining to the tears. [EU] Lacrimal Apparatus: The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the

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lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system. [NIH] Lactation: The period of the secretion of milk. [EU] Laparoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the abdomen's interior by means of a laparoscope. [NIH] Laparotomy: A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. [NIH] Laser Surgery: The use of a laser either to vaporize surface lesions or to make bloodless cuts in tissue. It does not include the coagulation of tissue by laser. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Light microscope: A microscope (device to magnify small objects) in which objects are lit directly by white light. [NIH] Lithotripsy: The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is laser lithotripsy. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver cancer: A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the liver. [NIH]

Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Malformation: A morphologic developmental process. [EU]

defect

resulting

from

an

intrinsically

abnormal

Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Mesoderm: The middle germ layer of the embryo. [NIH] Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living

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organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Microsurgery: Surgical procedures on the cellular level; a light microscope and miniaturized instruments are used. [NIH] Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Motion Sickness: Sickness caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, and air sickness. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Nausea: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Nidation: Implantation of the conceptus in the endometrium. [EU] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Oocytes: Female germ cells in stages between the prophase of the first maturation division and the completion of the second maturation division. [NIH] Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine. [NIH] Ovarian Follicle: Spheroidal cell aggregation in the ovary containing an ovum. It consists of an external fibro-vascular coat, an internal coat of nucleated cells, and a transparent, albuminous fluid in which the ovum is suspended. [NIH] Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Syndrome composed of a combination of ovarian enlargement and an acute fluid shift out of the intravascular space. The enlargement is caused by ovarian cyst formation and the fluid shift may result in ascites, hydrothorax, or generalized edema. The syndrome is most usually seen as a complication of ovulation induction, a treatment for infertility. [NIH] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH]

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Ovulation: The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle. [NIH] Ovulation Induction: Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Ovum Implantation: Endometrial implantation of the blastocyst. [NIH] Oxytocin: A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvic inflammatory disease: A bacteriological disease sometimes associated with intrauterine device (IUD) usage. [NIH] Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra. [NIH] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Pharmacokinetic: The mathematical analysis of the time courses of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Placentation: Development of a site of fetomaternal union for physiologic exchange, a placenta or placenta-like organ. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of

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organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prostaglandin: Any of a group of components derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway that are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiologic processes. The abbreviation for prostaglandin is PG; specific compounds are designated by adding one of the letters A through I to indicate the type of substituents found on the hydrocarbon skeleton and a subscript (1, 2 or 3) to indicate the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon skeleton e.g., PGE2. The predominant naturally occurring prostaglandins all have two double bonds and are synthesized from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by the pathway shown in the illustration. The 1 series and 3 series are produced by the same pathway with fatty acids having one fewer double bond (8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid or one more double bond (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid) than arachidonic acid. The subscript a or ß indicates the configuration at C-9 (a denotes a substituent below the plane of the ring, ß, above the plane). The naturally occurring PGF's have the a configuration, e.g., PGF2a. All of the prostaglandins act by binding to specific cell-surface receptors causing an increase in the level of the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (and in some cases cyclic GMP also). The effect produced by the cyclic AMP increase depends on the specific cell type. In some cases there is also a positive feedback effect. Increased cyclic AMP increases prostaglandin synthesis leading to further increases in cyclic AMP. [EU] Prostaglandins A: (13E,15S)-15-Hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGA(1)); (5Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13-trien-1-oic acid (PGA(2)); (5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-15hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13,17-tetraen-1-oic acid (PGA(3)). A group of naturally occurring secondary prostaglandins derived from PGE. PGA(1) and PGA(2) as well as their 19hydroxy derivatives are found in many organs and tissues. [NIH]

Dictionary 99

Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Psychotherapy: A generic term for the treatment of mental illness or emotional disturbances primarily by verbal or nonverbal communication. [NIH] Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Embolism: Embolism in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches. [NIH] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reassurance: A procedure in psychotherapy that seeks to give the client confidence in a favorable outcome. It makes use of suggestion, of the prestige of the therapist. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Resected: Surgical removal of part of an organ. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Ribosome: A granule of protein and RNA, synthesized in the nucleolus and found in the cytoplasm of cells. Ribosomes are the main sites of protein synthesis. Messenger RNA attaches to them and there receives molecules of transfer RNA bearing amino acids. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Salpingectomy: Excision if a uterine tube. [NIH] Salpingitis: 1. Inflammation of the uterine tube. 2. Inflammation of the auditory tube. [EU] Salpingostomy: Formation of an artificial opening in a fallopian tube. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.

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Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Secretory: Secreting; relating to or influencing secretion or the secretions. [NIH] Segmental: Describing or pertaining to a structure which is repeated in similar form in successive segments of an organism, or which is undergoing segmentation. [NIH] Segmentation: The process by which muscles in the intestines move food and wastes through the body. [NIH] Seminiferous tubule: Tube used to transport sperm made in the testes. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sensitization: 1. Administration of antigen to induce a primary immune response; priming; immunization. 2. Exposure to allergen that results in the development of hypersensitivity. 3. The coating of erythrocytes with antibody so that they are subject to lysis by complement in the presence of homologous antigen, the first stage of a complement fixation test. [EU] Serology: The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a

Dictionary 101

subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Sterilization: The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stillbirth: The birth of a dead fetus or baby. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Teratoma: A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. Teratomas occur most often in the ovaries in women, the testicles in men, and the tailbone in children. Not all teratomas are malignant. [NIH] Testicles: The two egg-shaped glands found inside the scrotum. They produce sperm and male hormones. Also called testes. [NIH] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH] Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Torsion: A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances

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usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfer Factor: Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trichosanthin: Plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein purified from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which is obtained from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii. It has been used as an abortifacient and in the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. GLQ223 (Compound Q), a highly purified form of trichosanthin, has been proposed as antiviral treatment for AIDS. [NIH] Trophoblast: The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst which works its way into the endometrium during ovum implantation and grows rapidly, later combining with mesoderm. [NIH] Tubal ligation: An operation to tie the fallopian tubes closed. This procedure prevents pregnancy by blocking the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Urea: A compound (CO(NH2)2), formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [NIH] Ureter: One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the bladder. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra. [EU] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Urogenital: Pertaining to the urinary and genital apparatus; genitourinary. [EU] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal Discharge: A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal,

Dictionary 103

nonbloody discharge from the genital tract. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Veins: The vessels carrying blood toward the heart. [NIH] Venereal: Pertaining or related to or transmitted by sexual contact. [EU] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Villus: Cell found in the lining of the small intestine. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Warts: Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. [NIH] Water Intoxication: A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion. [NIH] Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH]

105

INDEX A Abdomen, 73, 85, 95, 97, 101 Abdominal, 4, 5, 6, 34, 73, 85, 97 Abdominal Pain, 73, 85 Ablation, 11, 85 Abruptio Placentae, 21, 85 Adhesions, 23, 85 Adnexa, 42, 85 Adverse Effect, 85, 100 Algorithms, 4, 85, 87 Allergen, 85, 100 Alpha-fetoprotein, 16, 29, 85, 91 Alternative medicine, 51, 53, 60, 85 Ampulla, 85, 90, 91 Amylase, 38, 85 Anatomical, 85, 93 Androgenic, 85, 89 Androgens, 85, 86 Anesthesia, 74, 85 Antibiotic, 73, 85 Antibody, 85, 86, 88, 93, 94, 100 Antigen, 86, 88, 93, 94, 100 Antiviral, 86, 102 Appendicitis, 11, 86 Arachidonic Acid, 86, 98 Arginine, 86, 96 Aromatase, 17, 86 Arteries, 86, 87, 89, 95 Arterioles, 86, 87 Ascites, 86, 96 Aseptic, 86, 101 Aspiration, 27, 86, 91, 92 Asymptomatic, 16, 72, 73, 86 Auditory, 86, 99 B Bacteria, 85, 86, 90, 92, 95, 102 Base, 86, 94 Benign, 44, 86, 89, 103 Bilateral, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, 21, 24, 40, 86 Bile, 86, 92, 95, 101 Biochemical, 27, 86 Biotechnology, 4, 60, 67, 87 Bladder, 87, 95, 102 Blastocyst, 87, 89, 90, 97, 102 Blood vessel, 4, 87, 92, 95, 103 Bone Marrow, 87, 93, 95 Branch, 81, 87, 95, 97, 99, 100

C Carcinogenic, 87, 101 Cardiac, 26, 51, 87, 96, 101 Case report, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 18, 21, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 52, 87 Catheterization, 87, 92 Cause of Death, 3, 87 Cell, 34, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 103 Cell Cycle, 87, 91 Cell Division, 86, 87, 91, 97 Chemotherapy, 11, 87 Chlamydia, 4, 7, 57, 72, 73, 87 Cholesterol, 86, 87, 101 Choriocarcinoma, 10, 87, 93 Chronic, 37, 88, 94, 101 Clinical trial, 3, 67, 88, 99 Cloning, 87, 88 Coagulation, 88, 95, 101 Complement, 88, 94, 100 Complementary and alternative medicine, 51, 53, 88 Complementary medicine, 51, 88 Computational Biology, 67, 88 Conception, 88, 89, 91, 92, 101 Condoms, 73, 89 Contraindications, ii, 89 Contralateral, 13, 31, 38, 42, 48, 89 Coronary, 89, 95 Coronary Thrombosis, 89, 95 Corpus, 14, 20, 31, 42, 89, 97, 98 Corpus Luteum, 20, 31, 42, 89, 98 Creatine, 17, 27, 28, 89 Creatine Kinase, 17, 27, 28, 89 Creatinine, 89 Cyclic, 89, 98 Cyst, 40, 89, 96 Cytochrome, 86, 89 D Danazol, 26, 89 Databases, Bibliographic, 67, 89 Diagnostic procedure, 61, 90 Diffusion, 90, 94 Digestion, 86, 90, 95, 101 Direct, iii, 90, 99 Douching, 46, 90 Duodenum, 86, 90, 101

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E Ectopic, 3, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 22, 26, 32, 33, 38, 40, 41, 51, 90 Ectopic Pregnancy, 32, 33, 40, 90 Edema, 90, 96 Elective, 39, 90 Embolus, 90, 94 Embryo, 8, 16, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 87, 90, 95 Embryo Transfer, 8, 16, 39, 40, 41, 44, 90 Endometrial, 4, 14, 17, 90, 97 Endometriosis, 17, 89, 90 Endometrium, 20, 30, 90, 96, 102 Endoscope, 90 Endoscopic, 10, 14, 90 Enucleation, 26, 48, 90 Environmental Health, 66, 68, 90 Enzyme, 85, 86, 90, 94, 99, 103 Epidermal, 91, 103 ERV, 68, 91 Erythrocytes, 87, 91, 100 Esophagus, 91, 101 Estrogen, 86, 91 Etoposide, 26, 51, 91 Evacuation, 36, 91 Expiratory, 91 Expiratory Reserve Volume, 91 Extraocular, 85, 91 Extravasation, 91, 93 F Fallopian Tubes, 21, 72, 73, 91, 92, 93, 102 Family Planning, 67, 91 Fatty acids, 91, 98 Fetoprotein, 91 Fetus, 85, 91, 97, 98, 101, 102 Fixation, 91, 100 Follicles, 92, 94 G Gallbladder, 85, 92, 95 Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer, 13, 48, 92 Gas, 90, 91, 92 Gastrin, 92, 93 Gene, 86, 87, 92 Genital, 92, 102, 103 Gestation, 4, 6, 9, 14, 16, 92, 97 Glucose, 12, 22, 24, 26, 92, 99 Glycogen, 87, 92 Glycoprotein, 11, 92 Gonadal, 92, 101 Gonadotropin, 14, 16, 22, 39, 87, 92 Gonorrhea, 72, 73, 92 Governing Board, 92, 98

Grafting, 92, 93 Gram-negative, 87, 92 Granulosa Cells, 92, 94 Growth, 6, 85, 92, 95, 97 H Haematoma, 44, 92 Half-Life, 16, 92 Hematoma, 37, 93 Herpes, 57, 93 Herpes Zoster, 93 Holidays, 56, 93 Homologous, 93, 100 Hormonal, 92, 93 Hormone, 17, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98 Host, 93 Hydatidiform Mole, 22, 88, 93 Hygienic, 90, 93 Hypersensitivity, 85, 93, 100 Hysterectomy, 38, 43, 93 Hysterosalpingography, 22, 30, 44, 93 I Id, 49, 52, 73, 74, 75, 80, 82, 93 Immune response, 86, 93, 100 Immune Sera, 93 Immunization, 37, 93, 100 Immunologic, 93 Impairment, 4, 93 Implantation, 15, 35, 89, 93, 96, 97 In vitro, 8, 16, 34, 41, 44, 90, 93, 94, 100 In vivo, 93, 94 Incision, 94, 95 Indicative, 56, 94, 97, 103 Infarction, 38, 89, 94, 95 Infection, 57, 72, 73, 86, 93, 94, 95, 101 Infertility, 6, 16, 38, 44, 57, 60, 72, 73, 74, 94, 96 Infiltration, 26, 48, 94 Inflammation, 86, 93, 94, 99, 102 Inhibin, 17, 94 Instillation, 18, 22, 94 Interstitial, 23, 52, 94 Intestines, 85, 94, 100 Intracellular, 94, 98 Intramuscular, 23, 43, 94 Intravascular, 94, 96 Invasive, 93, 94 Ipsilateral, 35, 94 Isoenzyme, 89, 94 K Karyotype, 93, 94 Kb, 66, 94

107

L Lacrimal, 85, 94 Lacrimal Apparatus, 85, 94 Lactation, 95, 97 Laparoscopy, 4, 6, 9, 11, 16, 25, 31, 35, 95 Laparotomy, 4, 6, 25, 28, 95 Laser Surgery, 19, 95 Library Services, 80, 95 Ligation, 52, 95 Light microscope, 95, 96 Lithotripsy, 46, 95 Liver, 85, 86, 92, 95, 102 Liver cancer, 85, 95 Localized, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97 Lymphatic, 94, 95, 101 Lymphatic system, 95, 101 M Malformation, 5, 95 Malignant, 87, 95, 101 MEDLINE, 67, 95 Mental Health, iv, 3, 66, 68, 95, 99 Mesenchymal, 93, 95 Mesoderm, 95, 102 Metaplasia, 30, 95 MI, 12, 55, 83, 95 Microorganism, 95, 103 Microsurgery, 40, 96 Miscarriage, 4, 55, 56, 72, 96 Mitotic, 91, 96 Modification, 96, 99 Molecular, 17, 67, 69, 87, 89, 96 Morphological, 90, 96 Motion Sickness, 96 Myocardium, 95, 96 N Nausea, 72, 73, 96 Necrosis, 94, 95, 96 Need, 55, 56, 57, 73, 76, 92, 96 Nerve, 11, 85, 96 Nervous System, 96 Nidation, 90, 96 Nucleus, 89, 90, 96 O Oocytes, 92, 96 Ornithine, 26, 48, 96 Ovarian Follicle, 89, 92, 96 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, 10, 39, 96 Ovaries, 73, 86, 91, 92, 96, 101, 102 Ovary, 89, 96, 97 Ovulation, 92, 96, 97 Ovulation Induction, 96, 97

Ovum, 89, 92, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103 Ovum Implantation, 97, 102 Oxytocin, 23, 48, 97 P Pancreas, 85, 97 Pathogenesis, 32, 37, 97 Pathologic, 20, 89, 93, 97 Patient Education, 72, 78, 80, 83, 97 Pelvic, 32, 37, 59, 72, 73, 74, 90, 97 Pelvic inflammatory disease, 72, 73, 74, 97 Penis, 89, 97 Percutaneous, 95, 97 Peritoneal, 15, 32, 86, 97 Peritoneum, 97 Pharmacokinetic, 43, 97 Pharmacologic, 85, 92, 97, 102 Physiologic, 92, 97, 98 Placenta, 85, 86, 97, 98 Placentation, 15, 97 Plants, 92, 97, 99, 102 Podophyllotoxin, 91, 98 Poisoning, 96, 98 Posterior, 97, 98 Postoperative, 12, 30, 98 Practice Guidelines, 68, 73, 98 Prenatal, 90, 98 Progesterone, 98, 101 Progressive, 92, 96, 98 Prostaglandin, 18, 20, 34, 37, 48, 49, 98 Prostaglandins A, 98 Protein S, 87, 99 Proteins, 86, 88, 89, 99, 100, 102 Protocol, 4, 92, 99 Psychotherapy, 99 Public Health, 4, 34, 68, 99 Public Policy, 67, 99 Pulmonary, 21, 99 Pulmonary Artery, 99 Pulmonary Embolism, 21, 99 Q Quality of Life, 41, 99 R Radioactive, 92, 93, 99 Randomized, 6, 29, 99 Reassurance, 55, 99 Reductase, 86, 99 Refer, 1, 88, 91, 93, 99 Regimen, 52, 73, 99 Resected, 18, 99 Resection, 15, 99 Retrospective, 4, 99 Ribosome, 99, 102

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Risk factor, 39, 99 S Salpingectomy, 9, 18, 24, 35, 36, 99 Salpingitis, 10, 29, 38, 39, 99 Salpingostomy, 11, 12, 19, 24, 25, 26, 35, 41, 42, 43, 48, 60, 99 Saponins, 99, 101 Screening, 88, 100 Secretion, 87, 94, 95, 100 Secretory, 22, 100 Segmental, 15, 16, 100 Segmentation, 100 Seminiferous tubule, 94, 100 Semisynthetic, 91, 100 Sensitization, 37, 100 Serology, 4, 100 Serum, 7, 11, 16, 17, 26, 27, 28, 29, 38, 39, 88, 89, 92, 93, 100 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 39, 57, 72, 100 Shock, 46, 95, 100 Side effect, 72, 73, 85, 100, 102 Skeletal, 85, 89, 100 Skeleton, 98, 100 Small intestine, 90, 93, 94, 100, 103 Social Environment, 99, 100 Sodium, 100, 103 Specialist, 75, 100 Species, 87, 94, 100, 102 Sperm, 40, 85, 92, 100, 101 Spleen, 38, 95, 101 Sterility, 72, 73 Sterilization, 18, 38, 43, 101 Steroid, 17, 37, 86, 89, 99, 101 Stillbirth, 55, 56, 101 Stomach, 72, 85, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 100, 101 Stress, 96, 101 Subacute, 94, 101 Subclinical, 94, 101 Systemic, 5, 19, 23, 35, 41, 42, 43, 48, 94, 101, 102 T Teratoma, 44, 88, 101 Testicles, 101

Testicular, 86, 101 Thorax, 85, 101 Thrombus, 89, 94, 101 Thymus, 93, 95, 101 Tissue, 15, 17, 34, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102 Torsion, 94, 101 Toxic, iv, 98, 101, 102 Toxicology, 68, 102 Toxins, 86, 94, 102 Transfection, 87, 102 Transfer Factor, 93, 102 Transplantation, 90, 93, 102 Trichosanthin, 49, 51, 52, 102 Trophoblast, 7, 16, 20, 22, 33, 34, 87, 102 Tubal ligation, 8, 102 U Unconscious, 93, 102 Urea, 96, 102 Ureter, 95, 102 Urethra, 97, 102 Urethritis, 73, 74, 102 Urine, 87, 89, 102 Urogenital, 92, 102 Uterine Contraction, 97, 102 Uterus, 16, 44, 73, 89, 90, 91, 93, 96, 98, 102 V Vaccine, 99, 102 Vagina, 102 Vaginal, 9, 38, 43, 46, 72, 73, 102 Vaginal Discharge, 72, 73, 102 Vascular, 94, 96, 97, 101, 103 Veins, 87, 103 Venereal, 57, 103 Venules, 87, 103 Veterinary Medicine, 67, 103 Villi, 93, 103 Villus, 93, 103 Viral, 103 Vitro, 16, 39, 40, 103 W Warts, 57, 98, 103 Water Intoxication, 10, 103 Womb, 102, 103

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