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Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares Author(s): Susan I. Rotroff Source: The Athenian Agora, Vol. 33, Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares (2006), pp. iii-iv, vii -ix, xi-xxi, xxiii-xxxvii, 1, 3-53, 55-67, 69-223, 225-239, 241, 243-337, 339, 341-377, 379-391, 393-399, 401-403, 405-407, 409-429, 431-438 Published by: American School of Classical Studies at Athens Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25481903 Accessed: 12/02/2010 09:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ascsa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
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THE
AGORA
ATHENIAN
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED THE AMERICAN
BY
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME XXXIII
HELLENISTIC
POTTERY
THE PLAIN WARES BY SUSAN
THE AMERICAN
I. ROTROFF
SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL
STUDIES AT ATHENS
NEW JERSEY 2006
PRINCETON,
? The American
Library Rotroff,
of Congress Susan
of Classical
School
at Athens,
Studies
2006
Data
Cataloging-in-Publication 1947
L,
: the wares / by Susan pottery plain cm. ? ;v. 33) (The Athenian p. Agora index. references and Includes bibliographical ISBN-13: 978-0-87661-233-0 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-87661-233-8 (alk. paper)
I. Rotroff.
1. Pottery,
Hellenistic? 2. Pottery, 4. Cookware?Greece?Athens.
Hellenistic
Catalogs. 5. Agora
Hellenistic?Expertising?Greece?Athens. 3. Ceramic tableware?Greece?Athens. Greece)
(Athens,
DF287.A23A5
I. Title.
II. Series.
vol. 33
[NK3840] 938'.5
s?dc22
2006040782
[738.30938]
typography 6-8
charlton printed
by
edwards
brothers,
by ascsa street,
in the
publications new
princeton,
united incorporated,
states
of ann
jersey america arbor,
michigan
PREFACE
volume completes the primary publication of the Hellenistic pottery of the Agora. an with XXII and most it of of the ceramics used overview XXIX, Together Agora provides This by Athenians from the later 4th to the 1st century B.C. I began the project in 1972; it has taken over 30 years to complete it, and I have enjoyed much generous help and support along the Iwould
way.
to express
like
my
to past
gratitude
and
of
directors
present
the excavations
for
in assigning this material tome and their support in the completion of this lengthy undertaking. T. Leslie Shear Jr. invited me to embark upon this study and, together
their confidence with
Homer
II, has
A. Thompson,
helped
supporting
my guided assistance
by providing the research through
earliest from
director, John McK. staff of the Agora Publication Agora
the volunteer
among of a Kress
the award
current
The
work.
Foundation
Camp and by Grant,
allowed me to spend eight months inAthens in 1999-2000, during the final phase of was Additional financial in analysis. support generously provided by the Solow Foundation the summer of 1998. I am also beholden toWashington me which has University, provided
which
an annual
with cost
of
activation
that
covered
miscellaneous many in reported Appendixes
analyses
friends and scholars have helped me with
Many leen
who
Lynch, in the pottery and
dirty,
account
research
the neutron
me
assisted
sample. dreary work
deposit
often
summer
in the This
was
another
I am grateful
tedious
job, in which
area
One
of
checking I have been
Studies
Planetary
student
dergraduate with pottery adventure ness
In another
deeply interdisciplinary their expertise and
of
the
context
task
into
something
approach
numbers
in the on
of others
is in the
of Earth
together
experience, with
equipment
the
Summaries.
and Jill Pasteris of the Department
dependent
spectroscopy.
Deposit
undertook
with
experimental To all three and someone
to
expertise Rachel
Popelka, of examination
of
them
I am
and
then
an un
some
of
the
for
the
grateful for their
Jill Brigitte far outside their
field.
willing I would
to undertake a large petrographic study, but Iwas unable to find a petrographer take on the project; James Stoltman of the took University of Wisconsin-Madison a and studied small sample of my wares, simply out of the kindness of his large the curiosity of his lively mind. field
to understand
the dating
the top of the list isKath
examination
Smith, who with equal willingness
University, undertook
of a
to share
have liked willing to pity on me heart and me
Raman
Washington at the university, laser microprobe
a tedious
turned
the many
especially
at
the
which involved undertaking, long, hard, the Stoa of Attalos, unpacking, vacuuming, never (which, pottery inevitably, quite fits back of meticulous standard work enhanced the value
scientific analysis of the fabrics. Brigitte Wopenka and
with
the
including
of
also to Christine
the
this study. Near 1998
expenses, and B.
an enormous
in the basement
and sorting, recording, counting, repacking into the tins whence it came). Kathleen's of the data recovered, and her cheerfulness
ing a pleasure.
of
A
in which
I can make
the implications
of Athenian
bronze
no
claim
to
expertise?numismatics?Jack
of the revision of the Rhodian
coinage.
amphora
Kroll
helped
chronology
for
viii
The number the material
of people not
does
have
read
and
and
amphoras Summaries
provided
in advance of the publication me
her
on
work
of
transport
the braziers,
of
Lawall
helped
Gerald
valuable me
saving me to
of
I have
Isthmia.
is intimately
advice. Odile an many the archive
from
negotiate read a draft
also
of my for Rhodian
from
benefited
the material
with
familiar
has
and
the
amphoras?but
Finkielsztejn his new chronology
about
small?obviously
em of
Deposit stamps,
shared with
of his book. Similarly, Virginia Anderson-Stojanovic
the beehives who
Edwards,
Roger
and many
at the stamps Agora. me with information
amphora
and
is relatively
of them have offered me
on my account Koehler and Mark
Carolyn
or even
of red-figure
commented
error.
barrassing
in the study of plain pottery
the appeal
its experts,
field has produced Didelot
engaged
PREFACE
with
correspondence a constant been
source
of ideas, insights, and unlikely bibliography. He has passed on tome many notes and papers, including detailed analyses of the stratigraphy of many of the deposits, which have been of the Deposit Summaries. especial help in compiling Hellenistic
Much cially
aid
important was
generous to Jean-Yves and to Cecile
Levine
Tikva
time, expertise, and Marie-Dominique
Empereur for Harlaut an
me
gave
and
her
with
extensive
access
and
unpublished, at many sites.
is a cru
to this material as
Corinth,
thanks to directors Charles Williams
and its storerooms, particular, I am grateful Alexandria,
remains pottery plain to me that was offered
always,
its doors
opened
in
and Guy Sanders; Nancy Bookidis, to the
visits
my during for facilitating my the French excavations
hospitality Nenna
me from pottery showing tour of the rich ceramic trove
site. to
visit there.
at Tel Marisa,
excavated
showed Dalit Regev shared with me her work on ceramics at Akko, and Malka Hershkovitz me Hellenistic pottery from Tel Dan. I have also learned much about fabrics and the pitfalls of
scientific
an
these
and
are
to find,
difficult
as
was
always,
but
a rich
Iwas
source.
also
able
of Many to several
material. comparative access to have fortunate
been
I have
ideas.
School of Classi
strengths. The Blegen Library of the American
libraries with complementary cal Studies,
on
conferences
periodic
and
of information exchange source of richest the
the
remain
however,
articles,
publications
for
forum
important
The
Blonde.
Francine
and Yannis Tourat (Stella Drougou by Greek archaeologists field in have the this active area) enormously and opened up
Hellenistic pottery organized been particularly have soglou provided Books
with
in conversations
analysis
to find many
important
of
publications
in the libraries of Jerusalem: at the Albright Institute, the Rockefeller Near Eastern material and Hebrew University, all of which were the Ecole biblique et archeologique, Museum, and
welcoming Books
can
provide
to Andrea
indebted whose
places models
fascinating
also
Berlin's the
scheme
for
had
the good
to work. for
publication of
presentation
of material.
the presentation
of the plain ceramics I have
shapes
and
borrowed
I am heavily
In this respect
of Tel Anafa
(TelAnafa
adapted
to
II.l),
the Agora
material. I have
luck
to find
excellent
had the plain I began this project, pottery more or less undisturbed, for a the Agora, as or that the shellac of 1981, earthquake Stamatatou Maria the excavation degraded. and each vessel and vacuuming removing
at the Agora When excavations. support of on open in the basement shelves sitting in the either Much had been broken, generation. as adhesive in the earlier used had been days of technical
been
assisted cleaning
reorganization shelves. George
the retrieval of large and heavy vessels and storage containers Stoa
Conservation
basement.
rial and of older damaged also
offered
the
ceramics
of materials, procedure
advice
on
(though and use for
testing
and
of
restoration
objects, were overseen
of
in the the
the vessels,
perched both
on high
of newly
by Alice Paterakis
a wide
Dervos
of
some
of
the
fabrics.
collection,
helped
with
shelves in the mate
inventoried
and Julie Unruh.
of topics?the proper labeling, handling, range none the current of us is happy with solutions), storage a few?and to name of the binocular just microscope, the porosity
the
They
storage identification
of
devised
a
and
Julie
ix
PREFACE
are included in this volume, almost all of the material some archival photographs Although near the end was rephotographed by Craig Mauzy and (until the digital revolution occurred, of the project) the photographs were printed by Kyriaki Moustaki. Likewise, although many vessels
had
been
vessels
to be revised had of those drawings many draftspersons, as many was to it illustrate however, Since, my goal myself. a was needed. This was deal of additional drafting good
by earlier I undertook
drawn
a
and
reinked, project as with possible
drawings,
both of them artists with infinitely more undertaken by Sylvie Dumont and Anne Hooton, talent and patience for pottery illustration than myself. The plan of the Agora, with deposits was made
marked,
by Samantha
B. Dinsmoor
William The
overlapped interface
the
satisfactorily new many
the meeting
been
also
Several of my stays in Athens out more
to my
attention, "late-afternoon
of iced tea or as we trudged homeward of
port,
that journey, to offer ready
earlier
with
those of John Hayes, which
Carol Stein of the Publications eye eagle excellent
for
shepherded errors and
suggestions all her sense
above
for
the manuscript inconsistencies, the clearer
of humor
a can be. thing I would like to extend
Office
made
us to sort
enabled
material.
sense
his phenomenal pottery crew" of pottery people?Mark a board for ideas, sounding
friends.
and
the Roman
and
and
John
as
was,
always, Kathleen Lawall, over a discussed glass
Street at the end of the day. And at the
up Hadrian
care
the manuscript with extraordinary to its materially improvement. she
and
Anderson
colleagues
for me, was my husband, Bob Lamberton, waiting a ear and advice on whatever small sympathetic
read
guide
congenial
the Hellenistic
intellectual, I had encountered during the day. I owe special thanks to Andrea Berlin, Kathleen
as
by Richard
drawings
for
place
between
brought pieces an The regular inspiration. and Lynch, John Papadopoulos?provided end
on
Jr.
has
excavation
based
Martin,
an
problem,
practical
Slane, and Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan,
and made
many
of the American
of
the material.
stage
of
A woman
process. of both, Her
this project
who
contributed
to be an invaluable
School proved
the editorial through she saved me from many
presentation the editorial
that
suggestions
sup or
unwavering
with
and made
an
several
wisdom, expertise, as close to a pleasure
and as
such
special
thanks
to four members
of
staff who
the Agora
made
par
to this project. It is, of course, their job to support the work ticularly significant contributions of Agora scholars; but each has been willing to go well beyond the call of duty to help my work
and
I want
most
smoothly,
of
the
of the vessels published
and
Jan, for your each day.
them
to know
I it. Sylvie Dumont, As appreciate the that illustrate this book and excavation, many Registrar drawings access to the material. one of the also helped with She is forces behind day-to-day moving the computerization of the that is work with of inventory increasingly making large numbers easier. Anne of the also contributed of Hooton, Agora objects Draftsperson Agora, drawings at a sometimes short and me with flair. She has much notice, objects, always glorious taught as someone about and with wide of she and, excavations, drawing inking many experience to offer on ways of has been able advice and of arti ways working illustrating archaeological facts. Jan Jordan, of the excavation and custodian of its fields and coordi records, Secretary nates the queries, and other of staff and activities scholars and demands, complaints, visiting no one remains ever the fact that a task lets her finish calm, despite always uninterrupted. of the of a Stoa in who workweek of gargantuan Attalos, Craig Mauzy, Manager puts pro coordinated a in time of my photographic portions, requests rapidly changing technology, to accommodate and was new last-minute orders. The he produced of always quick images go
sociate
made
here
truly bring
how
much
of
the objects
to life. Thank
for your many of work, hours for your Sylvie, patience, and and for the company friendship, making Agora
your a
place
ideas, I was
you, Annie, and
Craig,
talents, your come to to eager
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv LIST OF TABLES
xxi
xxiii
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS PART I:GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.
3
INTRODUCTION
2. FABRICS
13
3. DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS
55
PART II: SHAPE STUDIES 4. HOUSEHOLD WARE 69 69
JUGS CHOUS (OINOCHOE, SHAPE 3) TREFOIL JUG: SPLIT RIM 71 OTHER TREFOIL JUGS MUSHROOM JUG 72
69
71 RIM
HELLENISTIC
JUG,
FORM
1: TIE-ON
HELLENISTIC
JUG,
FORM
2: THICKENED
73 HANDLE
RIM, HEAVY
76
OTHER LONG-NECKED JUGS 77 HELLENISTIC JUG, FORM 3: HIGH-SWUNG HANDLE 77 HELLENISTIC JUG, FORM 4: ROUND-MOUTH JUG NARROW-NECKED JUGS 79
78
ASKOS 79 BASKET-HANDLED
WATER
JUG
81
HYDRIA 82 LAGYNOS 82 AMPHORAS AMPHORA,
85 FORM
1: NARROW
NECK,
HANDLES
JOIN
BELOW
RIDGE
AMPHORA, FORM 2: NARROW NECK, HANDLES JOIN AT RIDGE AMPHORA, FORM 3: LATE CLASSICAL TABLE AMPHORA 87 AMPHORA, FORM 4: MINIATURE PELIKE 87 AMPHORA, FORM 5: ANGULAR BODY 88 AMPHORA, FORM 6: LARGE, WITH RIDGED HANDLES AMPHORA, FORM 7: LIDDED STORAGE AMPHORA 89 OTHER AMPHORAS
89
88
85
86
xii
CONTENTS
FUNNELS 90 FUNNEL, FORM 1: PROJECTING RIM FUNNEL, FORM 2: OUTTURNED RIM OTHER FUNNELS
90 91
92
VESSELS FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE 92 STORAGE BIN, FORM 1; RIM WITH EXTERNAL FLANGE 94 STORAGE BIN, FORM 2: RIM WITH NO FLANGE 95 STORAGE BIN, FORM 3: RIM WITH INTERNAL FLANGE OTHER LARGE STORAGE VESSELS 97
96
PITHOS LIDS 98 MINIATURE PITHOS?
98
MORTARS 99 HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 1: PIECRUST HANDLES HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 2: LUG HANDLES 102 HELLENISTIC MORTAR, FORM 3: BOLSTER HANDLES SERVING DISH (ESCHARA) 103
100 103 105
KRATERS KRATER, STANDARD FORM 105 OTHER KRATERS 108 LEKANAI 108 LEKANE, FORM 1:OFFSET RIM, UPTURNED HANDLES LEKANE, FORM 2: SHALLOW 110 LEKANE,
FORM
3: DEEP
LEKANE,
FORM
4: SHALLOW,
109
111 THUMBPRINT
HANDLES
112
OTHER LEKANAI 114 114
BOWLS DEEP BOWL 114 SHALLOW BOWL 114 SMALL BOWLS 115
116
BASINS
HEAVY BASINS 116 SHALLOW SPOUTED BASIN 116 DEEP SPOUTED BASIN 117 118
LIDS MISCELLANEOUS LIDS 118 FENESTRATED LID 118 TWO-HANDLED LID/BOWL
120 121
STANDS LOW STAND 121 AMPHORA STAND 122 OTHER HOUSEHOLD-WARE VESSELS BEEHIVES 124 STANDARD FORM 124 OTHER FORMS 129 DISCUSSION 130
122
xiii
CONTENTS
POTTER'S EQUIPMENT 131 POTTER'S WHEEL 132 KILN FURNITURE
133
5. VESSELS FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
135
SMALL SHAPES, MOSTLY OF BLISTER WARE
135
ARYBALLOS 136 OTHER SHAPES 137 FUSIFORM UNGUENTARIA
137
GRAY UNGUENTARIUM
140
UNGUENTARIA OF OTHER FABRICS
157
OTHER OIL AND UNGUENT CONTAINERS
160
MINIATURE AMPHORAS 160 PHOENICIAN AMPHORISKOS RADISH JAR VIAL
161
162 163
SMALL ONE-HANDLED JUGS 163 SMALL HANDLELESS POTS 164 6. COOKING WARE
165
CHYTRAI CHYTRA,
165 FORM
1: ONE-HANDLED,
LIDLESS
OTHER ONE-HANDLED CHYTRAI
167
169
CHYTRA, FORM 2: ONE DOUBLE HANDLE, LIDDED CHYTRA,
FORM
3: ONE
CHYTRA,
FORM
4: TWO-HANDLED,
VERTICAL
RIM
CHYTRA,
FORM
5: TWO-HANDLED,
LIDDED
173
CHYTRA,
FORM
6: TWO-HANDLED,
COLLAR
ROPE
HANDLE,
LIDDED
169
170
RIM
172
174
CHYTRA, FORM 7: ONE VERTICAL AND ONE HORIZONTAL HANDLE CHYTRA,
FORM
8: FLAT-RIMMED
CHYTRA,
FORM
9: WIDE-RIMMED
175 176
OTHER TWO-HANDLED, GLOBULAR CHYTRAI CHYTRA,
FORM
10: TWO-HANDLED,
LIDLESS
176 177
CHYTRA, FORM 11: BAGGY, HORIZONTAL HANDLES LOPADES
178 178
LOPAS, FORM 1:UPTURNED HANDLES, ROUNDED BOTTOM 179 LOPAS, FORM 2: UPTURNED HANDLES, FLAT BOTTOM 180 LOPAS,
FORM
3: ENGAGED
LOPAS,
FORM
4: STRAIGHT-SIDED,
HANDLES,
FLAT BOTTOM TWO HANDLES
LOPAS, FORM 5: STRAIGHT-SIDED, NO HANDLES OTHER LOPADES 186 PANS AND PARCHERS 186 PARCHER 187 PAN,
FORM
1: PLAIN,
WITH
HANDLES
188
PAN, FORM 2: PLAIN, WITHOUT HANDLES 190 PAN, FORM 3: PLAIN, TUBE HANDLES 190 PAN,
FORM
4: FLANGED
RIM
191
180 183
183
175
xiv
CONTENTS
PAN, FORM 5: GROOVED FLOOR 191 PAN, FORM 6: ORLO BIFIDO PAN 192 FORM
PAN,
7: FRYING
OTHER PANS
PAN
194
195
LIDS
195
LID, FORM 1: DOMED 196 LID, FORM 2: POLISHED 196 LID, FORM 3: LOW 197 LID, FORM 4: DOMED, WITH LARGE KNOB LID, FORM 5: CONICAL 198
197
LID, FORM 6: FLAT,WITH FINGER MARKS 198 OTHER LIDS 199 BRAZIERS AND COOKING STANDS
199
BRAZIER ON STAND, THREE MOLDMADE SUPPORTS BRAZIERWITH PLAIN, HANDMADE SUPPORTS 219 HORSESHOE COOKING STAND
200
220
OTHER BRAZIERS AND COOKING STANDS
221
OTHER COOKING EQUIPMENT 222 SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES 225 PART III: CATALOGUE 243 HOUSEHOLD WARE 245 VESSELS FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS COOKING WARE
286
303
PART IV:DEPOSIT SUMMARIES 341 APPENDIXES: ANALYSES OF CERAMIC SAMPLES A. INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF CERAMICS FROM
THE ATHENIAN
AGORA,
byHector
Neff
and Michael
D. Glascock
379
B. INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF UNGUENTARIA AND ATTIC FINE WARE FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA, byHector C. RAMAN by Brigitte
Neff
and Michael
LASER
D. Glascock
393
MICROPROBE SPECTROSCOPY, Rachel S. Popelka, Jill D. Pasteris,
Wopenka,
D. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
and Susan
I. Rotroff
405
CONCORDANCES AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS
409 424
COINS KNIDIAN TYPE (KT) NUMBERS 426 MURR SAMPLE NUMBERS AND AGORA SAMPLE NUMBERS INDEXES GENERAL INDEX 431 DEPOSIT INDEX 439 GREEK INDEX 441
427
401
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS jug, Form 1 75
of Hellenistic
1. Distribution
terracotta
2.
Distribution
of
beehives
3.
Distribution
of pseudo-Cypriot
4.
Distribution
of 3rd-century
127
gray
ware
of blister
made
amphoras
1 and
(Categories
unguentaria
and
gray
2)
147
fabric
unguentarium
143
of lopades of Forms 4 and 5 185
5. Distribution
CHARTS 1.
Household
fabrics fabrics
Cooking
3.
Relative
4.
Overview
of household
5.
Overview
of
6.
Relative
7.
Relative
8.
Jugs
9.
Amphoras
10.
Funnels
representation
of
in deposit
Chronological
12.
Lekanai
13.
Fabrics
15.
Average
16.
Cooking-pot
17.
Local
storage
bowls
small
number
forms
19.
forms
Lopas
20.
Parcher
21.
Cooking-ware
22.
Braziers
and
and
forms
pan lids
in deposit
cooking
stands
and
in deposit
23.
Chronological
ranges
of jugs
24.
Chronological
ranges
of
25.
Chronological
ranges
of funnels
Chronological
ranges
of mortars
27.
Chronological
ranges
of
28.
Chronological
ranges
of
29.
Chronological
ranges
of various
166
Catalogue
187
196
inventory and
inventory
bins
228
229
serving
dish
and
lekanai
and
bowls
household
167
179 inventory
sample
storage
uninventoried) 166
Catalogue
227 and
152
graves
and
226
amphoras
26.
and
and
and
sample
Street
and
inventory sample
107
inventory
109
inventory
inventory, and
in deposit
62
91
(inventoried
inventory,
sample
sample
forms
inventory
141
deposit
sample,
sample,
in deposit
in the
and
sample
inventory
in the Lenormant
per
in deposit
in deposit
containers
(excluding
vessels
inventory
in deposit and
inventory
and
in deposit
types
inventory
and
sample
in the
of unguentaria
in the
water-jug
85
inventory
sample
at the Agora
52-53
70
of kraters
in deposit
temper,
cooking
37
inventory
and Hellenistic
fabrics
imported
in deposit
unguentaria
unguentaria
chytra
and
sample bins
Pink
buff,
fabrics
and
inventory
distribution
and of
local
and
sample
and
Chytra
shapes
in the
fabrics
cooking
in characterized
of household
11.
18.
cooking
37
inventory
in Pinkish
shapes
17
inventory
of characterized
representation
in deposit
Gray
in the
represented
representation
14.
in the
represented
2.
krater
230
231 shapes
232
201
155
fabrics
and
50-51
unguentaria)
62
ILLUSTRATIONS
xvi 30.
Chronological
ranges
of gray
31.
Chronological
ranges
of various
34.
ranges
of parchers
ranges
of cooking-ware
ranges
of braziers
Chronological
36.
Chronological
236 and
237
pans
238
lids
and
between
Relationship
in Pinkish buff fabric 1
22
4. Shapes made 5. Shapes made
in Pinkish buff fabric 2
23
in Pinkish buff fabric 3
24
Shapes made 7. Shapes made
in Pink temper fabric 1 26 in Pink temper fabrics 2 and 3
3.
6.
8. 9. 10.
Shapes
made
in Hellenistic
Shapes
made
in Classical
Shapes
made
in Micaceous
12.
Shapes
27
38
fabric
cooking
40
fabric
cooking
in Schist
made
perhaps
41
46 in Lopas 5 cooking fabric 47 fabric in Slate cooking
15. Shapes made 16. Shapes made
in Gritty ochre cooking fabric 48 in Pan 1 cooking fabric dates
of different
of unguentaria
Comparison
42
fabric
cooking
13. Shapes made 14. Shapes made
17.
48
with
the
same
PCA
of Principal
biplot
in the Athenian
determined A. 2. Bivariate
of
plot
Athenian
Agora
A.3.
Bivariate
plot
B.l.
PCA
Agora
thorium
and
of calcium
of Principal
D.l. D.2.
Bivariate Ternary Ternary
in the Household-fabric
concentrations
plot
of
Agora and
calcium
fine wares
and Attic
of matrix,
sand,
and
temper
diagram
of matrix,
sand,
and
silt
in body
in paste
of
of
samples 407 samples
jug:
split
rim
trefoil jugs. Mushroom jug 3. Hellensitic jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pinkish buff fabric)
2. Other 4.
Hellenistic
5. Hellenistic
from
jug,
Form
1: disk
foot
Agora
samples
(Hellenistic
matrix
water-jug
jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pink temper fabric)
fabric)
for
32 elements
395
in the Athenian
concentrations
diagram
Chous.Trefoil
Athenian
the variance-covariance
2 of
FIGURES 1.
samples
387
unguentaria thorium
in the MURR
concentrations
1 and
Components
in Athenian
determined B.2.
32 elements
the
386
samples in the BNL Greek database biplot
for
385
samples
scandium
and
sodium
matrix
the variance-covariance
2 of
1 and
Components
156
capacities
FIGURES
APPENDIX A.l.
11
Catalogue
30
fabric
water-jug
in Schist cooking fabric
11. Shapes made
and
19
inAttic fine fabric
2. Shapes made Shapes made
ILLUSTRATIONS
inventory,
sample,
deposit
239
stands
cooking
TEXT 1.
234
containers
unguent
235
ranges of chytrai ranges of lopades
Chronological
and
oil
32. Chronological 33. Chronological 35.
233
unguentaria
Agora 407
samples
396
along
with
ILLUSTRATIONS
xvii
6. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: disk foot (other fabrics) and ring foot (Pink temper fabric) jug,
7.
Hellenistic
8.
Hellenistic
9.
Other
jug,
Form
1: ring
Form
2
long-necked
10.
Hellenistic
jug,
11.
Hellenistic
jug,
12.
Hellenistic
13.
Askos
3
jug,
Form
4: flat bottom
Form
4: ring
14.
Basket-handled
water
Basket-handled
water
16.
Lagynos Lagynos
18.
Lagynos
19.
Forms
1 and
Amphora,
Forms
3-6
21.
Amphora,
22.
Other
foot jugs
23.
Funnel,
Form
24.
Storage
bin,
Form
1
25.
Storage
bin,
Form
1
Storage
bin,
Form
1
2
7. Other
amphoras 1
Form
Funnel,
amphoras.
disk
Narrow-necked
jug. Hydria
Amphora,
Form
and
foot.
jug
20.
26.
fabrics)
(other
jugs Form
15.
17.
foot
2. Other
funnels
27. Storage bin, Form 2 (large) Forms
28.
Storage
29.
Large
30.
Classical
31.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
1
32.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
1
33.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Forms
bin,
2
vessel.
storage mortar.
and
(small) Pithos
3. Other
Hellenistic
2 and
pithos?
Form
mortar,
storage
large
lids. Miniature
1
3
34. Serving dish 35. Serving dish 36.
Krater,
standard
form:
37.
Krater,
standard
form:
38.
Krater,
standard
form:
39.
Other
40.
Lekane,
Form
41.
kraters.
disk, ring
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
Lekane,
Form
1
Lekane,
Form
2
43.
Lekane,
Form
3
44.
Lekane,
Form
3
45.
Lekane,
Form
3 4
4: flat bottom
:
Lekane,
Form
47.
Lekane,
Form
48.
Lekane,
Form
4: recessed
49.
Lekane,
Form
4: heavy
50.
bowl.
Deep
ring
Shallow
Shallow
bowl:
ring
52.
Shallow
bowl:
small
Heavy
basins
54.
Heavy
basin
Heavy
basin.
55. 56.
Lid.
57.
Stands.
58.
Beehive
Fenestrated Other
and
1
disk
base;
foot
flat, decorated
disk
rim
rim. Other
decorated
wall,
bowl:
51.
53.
foot
1
42.
46.
unknown
unknown
Form
Lekane,
and
ring, and
lekanai
foot
foot
Shallow
and
footless.
spouted
lid. Two-handled household-ware
Small
basin.
bowls
Deep lid/bowl
vessels
spouted
basin
vessels
xviii 59.
Beehive,
extension
60.
Blister
61.
Amphoras
cover.
and
ring,
and
oversize
equipment
(gray ware)
unguentaria
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
63.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
64.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Category
65.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
66.
Domed-mouth
67.
Other
unguentaria
68.
Other
unguentaria.
69.
Phoenician
70.
Phoenician
Miniature
Chytra,
Form
1. Other
Forms
2 and
Chytra,
74.
Chytra, Chytra,
3 and
4
wasters?
6-8;
unguentaria
amphoras
Radish
amphoriskos.
Chytra,
73.
2
amphoriskos
1
72.
1 and
5
Other
unguentarium.
Form
71.
75.
Potter's
ware
Small
62.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Small
jar. Vial.
one-handled
one-handled
jugs.
chytrai
3
Form
3 variants
Form
5
Form
and
4
76. Chytra, Forms 5 and 6 Forms
7-9
77.
Chytra,
78.
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
79.
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
80.
Chytra,
81.
Chytra,
82.
Lopas,
83.
Lopas,
84.
Lopas,
Form
10
Forms
85.
Lopas,
86.
Parcher.
11
10 and
Forms
1-3
Form
3
Form
3 variants
Form
5. Other
87.
Pan,
Forms
88.
Pan,
Form
89.
lopades
2-4 5
Pan,
Forms
6 and
90.
Lid,
Forms
1-4
91.
Lid,
Forms
5 and
92.
Brazier
(Quartz
93.
Brazier
(Schist
7. Other
pans
lids
6. Other
fabric)
cooking
fabric)
cooking
94. Brazier
(Schist cooking fabric)
95.
Brazier
(other
96.
Horseshoe
97.
Other
98.
Plan
cooking
with
Brazier
fabrics).
cooking of
4
1
Form
Pan,
Form
and
stand.
Other
plain
braziers
supports and
stands
cooking
equipment
the Athenian
Agora
the
showing
locations
of
the deposits
PLATES 1.
Chous.
2.
Mushroom
Trefoil
jug:
split
rim
and
other
jug
5. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pinkish buff fabric) jug, Form 1: disk foot (Hellenistic water-jug fabric) jug, Form 1: disk foot (Pink temper and other fabrics)
6. Hellenistic
jug, Form 1: ring foot (Pink temper fabric)
3. Hellenistic 4. Hellenistic
7.
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
1: ring
8.
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
2
9.
Other
long-necked
jugs
foot
(other
fabrics)
Small
handleless
pots
ILLUSTRATIONS jug, Form 3 jug, Form 4
10. Hellenistic 11. Hellenistic 12.
Hellenistic
13.
Askos.
14.
Basket-handled
15.
Hydria.
16.
Lagynos
Form
jug,
4. Narrow-necked water
Basket-handled water
Lagynos Amphora,
Forms
1-3
19.
Amphora,
Forms
4-7
20.
Other
21.
Funnel.
Storage
22.
amphoras 1
Form
bin, 1
Storage
bin,
Form
23.
Storage
bin,
Forms
24.
Miniature
25.
Hellenistic
26.
Hellenistic
27.
Hellenistic
2 and
3. Other
pithos?
Classical
mortar.
mortar,
Form
mortar,
Forms
mortar,
Form
storage
large
Hellenistic
Pithos
vessels.
Form
mortar,
lids 1
1 1 and
2
3. Serving
dish
dish
Serving
29.
Serving
dish.
30.
Krater,
standard
form:
31.
Krater,
standard
form: form:
standard
Krater,
32.
Krater,
standard
33.
Lekane,
Form
1
34.
1
Lekane,
Form
35.
Lekane,
Forms
36.
Lekane,
Form
37.
2 and
disk
form:
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
ring
and
unknown
foot
ring
foot.
Other
kraters
3
3
Lekane,
Form
3
38.
Lekane,
Form
4
39.
Lekane,
Form
4
40.
Lekane,
Form
4. Other
41.
Shallow
bowl
42.
Small
43.
Heavy
basin
Heavy
basins.
Shallow basin
45.
jug
Lagynos
18.
44.
Askos
jugs.
jug
17.
28.
xix
lekanai.
Deep
bowl.
Shallow
bowl
bowls
Deep
spouted
46.
Lid.
Fenestrated
47.
Stands.
lid. Two-handled
Other
48.
Beehive,
49.
Potter's
50.
Blister-ware
51.
Amphoras
basin
spouted
lid/bowl
household-ware
extension
ring, Blister
equipment.
vessels and
cover
ware
amphoras and
(blister
unguentarium
and
52.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
1-3
53.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Categories
4-6
54.
Small
gray
unguentarium,
Category
55.
Other
unguentaria
56.
Other
unguentaria
57.
Other
unguentaria
58.
Miniature
59.
Phoenician
60.
Radish
amphoras.
Phoenician
gray ware)
8; wasters?
Domed-mouth
unguentarium.
amphoriskos
amphoriskos jar. Vial.
61.
Chytra,
Form
62.
Chytra,
Forms
Small 1 1-3
one-handled
jugs.
Small
handleless
pots
Other
unguentaria
xx 63.
Chytra,
Form
3 variants
64.
Chytra,
Form
5
65.
Chytra,
Forms
66.
Other
Form
4
6-9
two-handled,
67.
Chytra,
Form
68.
Lopas,
Forms
69.
Lopas,
Form
70.
Parcher.
71.
Pan,
Forms
1-5
Pan,
Forms
6 and
72.
and
ILLUSTRATIONS
globular
Form
Chytra,
10
1
3
2 and
3 variants, Form
Pan,
chytrai.
Form
10. Lopas,
Forms
4 and
5. Other
lopades
1
7
73. Lids fabric):
man
with
pointed
cap
cooking
fabric):
man
with
pointed
cap, wreathed
cooking
fabric):
wreathed
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
Brazier
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
bull,
74.
Brazier
75.
Brazier
(Quartz
76.
Brazier
(Quartz
77.
Brazier
78.
Brazier
79.
(Quartz
cooking
man
papposilenos,
rosette,
80.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
81.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
82.
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos,
83.
Brazier
(other
fabrics).
84.
Brazier
(other
fabrics)
85.
Braziers:
backs
of
with
thunderbolt.
pointed
Brazier
88.
Brazier
89.
Horseshoe
90.
Other
(Schist with
and
cap, wreathed
pornoboskos,
Molds
supports
plain cooking
cooking
other
cooking
fabrics)
supports stand.
equipment
Other
braziers
and
cooking
onkos
Stands
86. Brazier (Quartz and Schist cooking fabrics) 87.
papposilenos
satyr with
stands
papposilenos
palmette.
Stand
TABLES
1. Uninventoried 2.
Summary
3.
and
Fabrics
Imported
on
Performed
Analyses
Agora
Plain Wares
of Household-Ware
Distribution Vessels
6. 7.
Objects Made of Pinkish Buff Fabric 21 Objects Made of Pink Temper Fabric 25
8.
Vessels
of Attic
Made
Objects
Distribution
12.
Vessels
in Different
Shapes Fabric
of Hellenistic
Made
10.
Fine
Fabrics
17-18
Fabric
and Atypical
29 Fabrics
34-35
of Cooking-Ware Shapes in Different Fabrics 11. Vessels Made of Classical Cooking Fabric 38 13.
Imported
14.
1. Group
of Gray
Group
on
Fabrics
36
39 44
in the Agora
by Category
Inventory
153
215
Information
Descriptive
Athenian and
Assignments
Fabrics
Cooking
of Various
Unguentaria
and
of MURR
Schist
Made
Braziers
Assignments
Comparison
and
Vessels
Cooking
Inscriptions
A. 2. B.l.
of Micaceous
Representation
15.
A.
Made
10
19
Water-Jug
of Nonstandard
Sample
15
5.
Made
in the Deposit
14
4.
9.
in Deposits
Vessels Identified and Counted
of Local
Agora
for Athenian
Specimens Information
Descriptive
to Four
Agora Greek
for Athenian
Samples
Analyzed
Compositional
Agora
at MURR 390-391
Groups
Unguentaria
and Attic
Fine-Ware
Samples Analyzed at MURR 397 B.2.
Comparison
of MURR
and Attic
Unguentaria
Fine-Ware
Specimens
to Four
Greek
C.l.
Microscopic
Fabric
C.2.
Mineralogic
Identity
D. D.2.
Compositional
398-399
Groups Description of
of Samples
Inclusions
402
as Determined
1. Body
and
Paste
Values
for
Samples
of Household
Body
and
Paste
Values
for
Samples
of Cooking
by Raman Fabrics Fabrics
Spectroscopy 406
406
403
388-389
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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A' IvvavTrjari vioxikt]
Iaidvviva,
Kepajuiiaj,
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A?K?ju/3piog
1986,
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I. Rotroff,
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The
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Decrees,
1976. Athenian
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1982. M.
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a Helleniko and T. Spyropoulos. 1985. "Fouilles BCH109, (Eua de Thyreatide)," pp. 385-454. L. I.Manfredi, di Mores, and S. Mos E., G. Manca Acquaro, cati. 1990. Tharros: La collezione Pesce, Rome. II. 1 = C. Scheffer, and Cooking Stands Acquarossa Cooking b.c in Italy, 1400-400 Stockholm 4?, 38:2.1), (SkrRom
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A.
Andreiomenou,
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196
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"'EAAt|vigtik6<;
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v?Kpora(p?iov
1984.
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Tombs
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The Tholos of Athens 4), Princeton. 1948. "The Excavation
-. Twelfth
Side
1947," Hesperia 17, pp. in the Athenian "Excavations
1949.
-.
IS, pp. 211-229. Hesperia 1950. "Excavations
-.
19, pp. 313-337. Hesperia "Excavations 1952. 219 pp. 83-113. 1955. "Activities
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-.
24, pp. 50-71. Hesperia 1956. "Activities
-.
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1948,"
Agora:
1951,"
Agora:
the Athenian
1954,"
Agora:
the Athenian
1955,"
Agora:
GKEWiv," ArchEph and D. V, from
-.
Two
Cisterns
on
"Hellenistic
2004.
the Acropolis 269-276.
-.
Terracottas
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Tuchelt, K. 1971. "Didyma: Bericht iiber die Arbeiten 70,"
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Xp?|icov{8?iov
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-.
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-.
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39,
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1940. Suppl.
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Pot
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II, and O. H.
the Theater,"
Zervos.
Hesperia
51,
1982. pp.
"Corinth,
115-163.
1981:
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47, pp. 356-401. Hesperia 1904. H. "Gerate und Gefasse
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Kleinfunde," C. L. 1938.
Archaeological B.,J.
Wopenka,
Spectroscopic
Bericht iiber die Arbeiten "Didyma: 5: Katalog Keramik ausgewahlter IstMitt 30, pp. 122-160.
"Excavations
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I: The
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K.
Corinth," Xanthoudides,
S.
1980.
Hesperia S.
"A Tiberian 49, 1927.
Pottery
pp. 135-177. Minoan "Some
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rajuovaei
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Potter's-Wheel
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Aiyaio,
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N.
Zapheiropoulos, pp. 135-138.
Applied Spectroscopy52, pp. 54-63. Wopenka, 2002.
R. S. 1951a. "An Industrial Ath District of Ancient Young, 135-288. ens," Hesperia 20, pp. 1951b. intra urbem," Hesperia 20, pp. 67 uSepulturae 134. = Z' Z' Zwdvrrjarj yia rrjv eXXrj Emarrjidovncrj Zwdvrrjarj 4-9 AnpiXiov forthcom 2005, viarncrj jcepajuijcrj, Aiyio,
Zeest,
751-758. I. B.,
and
(MIA 103), pp. 149-165.
I. D. Marchenko. keramiki
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I. B. Zeest
1962. "Nekotopye tipy in Pantikapee iz Pantikapeya," and I. D. Marchenko, Moscow,
AA = Archaologischer Anzeiger = Annual Research Schools AASOR of Oriental of the American = der Akademie der Wissenschaften AbhGott Abhandlungen
JHS= Journal ofHellenic Studies =
JMA zu
JRA
Forschungen Archdologische = Excavations Picture Book AgoraPicBk of the Athenian Agora. = American Journal of Archaeology AJA AM = Mitteilungen des Deutschen Instituts, Archaologischen
Athenische Abteilung
= American Antiquity = Annuaire
du Musee
[Alexan
greco-romaine
drie] The Antiquaries Journal Antike Kunst = ArchDelt AeXtwv ApxaioXoyiKOV AntJ= AntK-
= ArchEph ApxaioXoyiKJ] 'Eyrmepiq = Archivo
ArchEspArq = Annuario ASAtene Missioni BABesch
italiane
e delle
di Atene
in Oriente
= Bulletin
antieke
on Clas
Annual
BSA = Annual of theBritish School at Athens = Bollettino
mediterranei CIRh = Clara
deUAssociazione
internazionale
studi
degli
e materiali
Studi
pubblicati
a cur a delV
di Rodi antica,
classica,
(Rome
et travaux.
d'archeologie lonaise FdD - Fouilles deDelphes, GaR = Greece and Rome
Studia
i prace. Travaux de VAcademie des
Jahrbuch = Journal
JGS-
Journal
and E. Matthews, 1: The
eds.,
Islands,
Aegean
A Lexicon
of Greek
Cyrenaica,
Cyprus,
1987.
-
and S. G. Byrne, eds., A Lexicon M.J. Osborne of Greek Personal Names 1994. 2: Attica, Oxford = LibAnt Libya antiqua = H. G. R. Scott, and H. S.Jones, Liddell, Greek-English LSJ 9th ed., Oxford 1940. Lexicon, = Memoirs MAAR in Rome of the American Academy MASCAP= Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, Museum Science
Center
for
Archaeology,
Museum,
University
of Pennsylvania
MIA =Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR - Monumenti MonAnt antichi NC = Numismatic Chronicle NS NSc
= American - Notizie -
OlForsch
Numismatic degli
scavi
Society. Numismatic di antichita
Studies
Olympische Forschungen atheniensia Opuscula - Palestine Quarterly Exploration -
OpAth PEQ PF-
PergamenischeForschungen npaxriKa rfjg ev Adrjvaig ApxaioXoyncfjg Eraipeiag Qedem= Qedem. Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew
Prakt=
University of Jerusalem RAEst = Revue de VEst et du Centre-Est archeologique = Revue RANarb de Narbonnaise archeologique
RBibl = Revue biblique = Acta
of the Rei
Cretariae
Romanae
Fautores
RDAC= Report of theDepartment ofAntiquities, Cyprus = Revue
RivIstArch
des Deutschen
du Centre sciences
po
RStLig
des etudes anciennes = Rivista dell'Istituto
nazionale
d'archeologia
e storia
Ecolefrancaise
dAthenes
= Rivista di studi liguri
SardisMon SIMA-PB
= Archaeological ofSardis. Exploration - Studies inMediterranean Archaeology
Monograph and Literature.
Pocketbook = av Svenska iAthen Institutet Skrifter utgivna av Svenska SkrRom = Skrifter utgivna iRom Institutet = Studi miscellanei. StMisc di archeologia Seminario SkrAth
IEJ~ Israel Exploration Journal IstMitt = Istanbuler Mitteilungen Jdl-
Akademiia
arkheologii,
dell'arte
mediterraneenne
JFA
Institut
soobshcheniya
Fraser
Names
Oxford
REA e orientale
1958-1984) = Etudes
Personal
RCRFActa Rhodos.
Istituto storico-archeologico EAA = Enciclopedia delVarte EtTrav
= P. M.
LGPNl
University
beschaving. Papers sical Archaeology = British BAR-IS International Series Archaeological Reports, = Bulletin BASOR the American Schools Oriental Research of of BCHBulletin de hellenique correspondance et de Rome BEFAR = Bibliotheque dAthenes des Ecoles franqaises BICS= Bulletin Studies of the University of the Institute of Classical of London = in Bonn des Rheinischen Landesmuseums BJb BonnerJahrbucher und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande = BMCR Review Classical Bryn Mawr BStM
= Kratkie
Applied
de arqueologia espanol della Scuola archeologica
Archaeology
nauk SSSR
LGPN2
AnnMusGRAlex
ofMediterranean
Journal
= Journal ofRoman Archaeology
KraSoob
Gottingen AF=
AmerAnt
SERIES, AND LEXICA
OF PERIODICALS,
ABBREVIATIONS
xxxvii
AND ABBREVIATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archaologischen
of Field Archaeology of Glass Studies
Instituts
dell'arte greca e romana dell'Universitd di Roma TAPS - Transactions of the American Philosophical = Ermitazha Trudy Trudy Gosudarstvennogo
Society
e storia
PART I GENERAL OVERVIEW
1
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF THE STUDY This,
the
and
third to what
devoted
to their
refers wares.
The
last volume
Agora
which
fabric,
themselves,
objects
traditionally more and
contains
usually
are
however,
levigated as that of fine wares:
wares.
vary
they
gloss coating The in the much form, on the
in shape
and
of
the
and
table fabric
to call them plain
I prefer
is the
share
they
that
absence
a
of
a wide vessels that served of purposes up of utilitarian largely made variety are some and of Hellenistic Athens. Also included storerooms, kitchens, workshops in finer vessels, in their the fusiform that, especially unguentaria particular 3rd-century are every bit as as wares. made table Their in inclusion this volume is based carefully is
collection
traditional
division
glazed entered into
categories
cooking
vessels, 25% are small oil vessels
have
of household
A few
important on
been
fabrics
of various
categories
have
remain
(525-531), cation
the province
the amphoras,
and
between
in these
made
feature
than
or gloss decoration).
some have banding
(although
one
is
excavations, The adjective
crafted,
finely
quite
for this reason
the
quality,
inclusions
larger
sometimes
may be as highly Whle
from the pottery termed "coarse wares."
the Hellenistic
presenting have archaeologists
the
of specialists the
while
Transport
45% are
and the remaining except
amphoras,
for miniatures
in their study. Mark Lawall is preparing
of various
stamps
In all, about 1,400 vessels Of about 30% are these,
record.
(mostly unguentaria),
types. omitted.
been
wares.
unglazed excavation
are
categories
studied
being
a publi
by Carolyn
Koehler, Philippa Matheson, Gerald Finkielsztejn, and Elizabeth Will. Public dry measures of date have already been published by Mabel Lang in Agora X.1 A few other classes Hellenistic of a
large The
have been excluded objects a terracotta of and series altar,
study
Classical in
as not
terracotta
to the
place)
century
considers
vessels
produced
tradition described
the Sullan convenient
sack of 86, and probably dividing
between
point
the
last quarter
of
the Hellenistic
throughout
beyond.
forms
that
century
of
the 4th
and
Roman
(when
century
the
in Agora XII was still firmly in the
established and
the
next,
86 has frequently
Although
the Hellenistic
"pottery":
function.2
by Brian Sparkes and Lucy Talcott
B.C. Most 1st century to be produced
continued
heavy from
to the category
properly belonging of uncertain utensils
periods
at
early 3rd least until
been viewed
at Athens,
Sulla's
as a at
tack did not precipitate a cataclysmic change in the style of Athenian pottery. Indeed, Attic table ware remained essentially unchanged in character (but not in quality and quantity)
nos.
1. P 14431, DM 66-69,
P 8932, pis.
P
14430,
P 19568
(Agora X,
pp.
54-55,
15, 18, 34).
53,
2. P 7202 (altar); P 310, P 17869, P 20565, P 26970 (utensils of unknown Kerameikos,
Similar function). where they have
as wheels 1960, pp. 52 (Rieth potter's the come from the Agora from fig. objects Hellenistic and they are well to contexts, preserved enough as an identification, eliminate wheel not com potter's though to solve the conundrum of their function. enough plete period
utensils been
have
dated
been
found
to the Late
at the Roman
and
79).
interpreted Some of
4 the
throughout restricted
1st century, of
range
although that were
shapes
INTRODUCTION
being
F and thus in his Group wares in that deposit,
produced
not deposited
considered
change, inclusion their an
whether
here. object
The
significant
only
the basis
constitute
have
Unguentaria
fared
better
of the early phases has been published,
has
shape chiefly
some
fragmentary from that lekanai
and
some the
Hellenistic project,
wares
of Attica
has
been
on
amphoras) 1934 article,
there 322), of this fill.
offering
been
Little at Vari
which
have
deposits
additional
published
as the
material
from
and
the Ptolemaic
contents
of the
Attic
other
have
however,
a
received
recently
sites at
outpost
(1993) The
discussion.
substantial
aug
comment.5
from southern Attica by Hans Lohmann but without
mini
devoted
Street, and the chronology
attention.6
material
bee
treatment
thorough
and includes examples from the Kerameikos that no general exploration of the Hellenistic
since
attempted
individual
been
have
has
from the five deposits
only modest
farmhouse
2000), who (1998-1999, by Gundula Ludorf the Agora in her studies. The fact is, though, plain
Thompson's
and on Lenormant
from
the
in the Hellenistic
or
than
(other
types; many
of survey material
Koroni.7 The publication hives
other
received vessels
locally and was
interestingly,
roots
firm
the
1st century
the unique basin later portions
(e.g., earlier
articles
vessels while
than
entire
SCHOLARSHIP
Subsequent
graves at the Kerameikos
of Hellenistic
includes
study.4
of published
the number
mented
the
and cooking pottery and the unguentaria
of his
of
character of
range have
shapes cases
from Athens ceramics plain treatment remains Homer
to the household
nine pages that
on
scholarship
The
is resolutely Hellenistic;
to the
belongs
PREVIOUS
mal.
the entire
too many In other
there
but
encouraging period, is no way of knowing
Previous
"Roman."
covers
which
the
period, and have included many pieces of objects previously published by Henry
until early in the 1st century a.d., show more
wares
plain
often
fine
the more
imports augmented therefore consider
locally.31
produced
1st century to be ceramically part of the Hellenistic from lst-century deposits. These include a number Robinson
of
numbers
increasing
day.
Thompson's
AIMS OF THE STUDY has My first goal an endeavor Such but
also
between case
a
to put not involves
the pottery only sensitive
examination
of fabrics.
been
thorough
and imported
locally produced
of fine
decoration
where
wares,
has
A primary for each, ranges
clues.
been
aim, then, as to isolate as well
and chronologically. typologically and of techniques, potting profiles investigation are many and the distinction and various, These
in order,
vessels
and
the
to define a local
both
ismuch more color
and
forms
and
quality fabrics A
assemblage.
difficult
second
to make
than in the
additional of gloss provide establish chronological
and
and more
elusive
goal
has
been to discover the functions of these objects and through them to investigate the domestic and any implications these might have for and industrial activities of Hellenistic Athenians, the wider
Hellenistic
3. For a fuller to a Roman
discussion
world.
of the see Rotroff
assemblage,
4. Thompson 1934, pp. 464-474. 5. Braun 1970, pp. 185-188,191-192 Miller 1974, pp. 206-207 (Menon's nides
1981
(deposits
on
the saddle
transition
from
a Hellenistic
posits
(Dipylon Well B^; Stella Cistern [F 16:8]); Charito the Pnyx and Philo between
pappos Hill); Rotroff 1983, pp. 271-272 (CaveCistern [H 6:9]); Vogeikoff
1993
and Vogeikoff-Brogan
2000,
on
the
South
pp. 377, 378-380
1997b.
pp.
307-311
(de
Slope
of
the Acropolis);
Rotroff
2000a,
(M 20:1).
6. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, pp. 94-110, pis. 59-61; Kerameikos and pp. 184-188, IX, pp. 59, 158-166, pis. 96-98; pis. 67-71, 1963, Kerameikos XIV, pis. 41, 42, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55; Boulter Stichel 1990. 46; pp. 125-126, pi. and Sackett 7. Jones, Graham, McCredie, 1973; Vanderpool, and
Steinberg
1962.
SELECTION In selecting material or sealed, relatively or variants of shapes from
or
undated
for
dated
I have
in the Catalogue, datable closely
and
undisturbed, that are not
poorly
OF THE POTTERY
AND ARRANGEMENT
inclusion
otherwise
from vessels well-preserved I also included have examples deposits. even in the collection, if these come represented favored
contexts.
vessels, small oil and unguent
isfirst into three broad divisions: household
The arrangement
5
OF THE POTTERY
AND ARRANGEMENT
SELECTION
on fabric, reflects func categorization, though largely a of shapes within those represents larger categories compromise Organization was at to I function and form. that is, vessels that between first, containers, segregate tempted, an were to the contents. for of the sake their Such would however, arrangement, city imported some most For of 1 and have the of Forms allied example, closely pieces. amphoras separated was one in the local and 2 are probably containers; form, however, fabric, replicated imported a never as a local example could have served container. wall, (122), with repeatedly pierced and
vessels, tion as well.
vessels.
cooking
This
based
to me
to present to search for
it from vessels that closely resemble it seemed Separating use for the reader, who will probably this book primarily not to segregate therefore chosen from vessels containers
with
an
inconvenience
I have comparanda. to In contrast functions.
other
the system I adopted in Agora XXIX, I have placed local and imported pieces together. Firm criteria for distinguishing between the two are often lacking, and it seemed that itwould be more
for
convenient
each
form,
the reader
of
objects
same
the
if all objects are
fabric
of a single placed
form
were if there
together of Form
presented together. Within are to make up enough
a
in the case of jugs 1 and braziers). (for example, Otherwise, objects in to the dates order of the deposits in presented approximate chronological according were rare cases where in own which the it is their dates. or, found,8 they possible, by I present the precedent of household and unguent vessels then first, Following Agora XII, or pour to contain vessels. I begin with vessels used vessels, cooking liquids. Jugs and juglike come the commonest of the household one-handled of wares, first, many including pitchers as well as and water basket-handled of follow forms, askoi, (some lagynoi, jugs. Amphoras them others for short-term intended and then funnels. I vessels, transport probably storage), next consider vessels for bins and related with three vessels, storage storage dry goods: along viable
group
are
small vessels that resemble pithoi (178-180), though their function remains a mystery. Ves sels for food preparation (mortar, lekane, bowl) and perhaps service (krater, serving dish) follow. tural
We use,
spouted
then and basin,
to
variety and stands,
other
fabrics.
a
Unguentaria The section ends
[ follow for the most Miscellaneous
The
miscellany).
a Classical precedent
and a variety phoriskoi The pottery cooking almost all of the shapes
8. The
vessels that were open probably of shapes that are represented
to unguent
devoted
at Athens.
found
pans.
heavy
to a
lids,
equipment. The section
that provides
turn then
vessels
first
those
an examination
small used shapes probably is typologically much simpler fit into five larger categories:
incomplete
beehives
of blister
for oil, ointments, than the household chytra,
part the order of Agora XII, except and
vessels
appear
(deep
and
potter's a fabric
ware,
unguentaria
lopas,
at the
I have
assemblage, lid, and brazier.
therefore will
and Here
to follow
end.
rearrangements to the scheme would
deviations
pan,
of am
or medicines.
that lids have been moved
small
and
agricul
numbers
of gray fabric, then unguentaria made of small vessels of allied functions:
of
had a been numbered when Catalogue already of deposit on dates based new Finkielsztejn's amphora As a result, 2001) was undertaken. chronology (Finkielsztejn i are instances where here the catalogue order is not rigorously to deposit. To undertake the several chronological according review
a discussion
with
begins
only ends with
or
industrial
in small
for the gray fabric typical of the Hellenistic
follow, with
section
to
put
cause
in order that strict adherence catalogue be likely to introduce errors, require would so. I do not think that these not done slight the reader
any difficulty.
6
INTRODUCTION
TYPOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE The pottery
has been of
characteristics
classified are
that
shape
to "form,"9 which
I define
a number
The
according shared
by
of pots.
as a set of distinctive
most
is one
form
robust
that is represented by a large number of vessels with distinctive features and displaying a of variability: the Form 1water jug and the Form 3 lopas are good instances. Some minimum of
the
forms,
a
considered
lowing by
single
quarters were made the
sense
and
the
about 80 examples, were at of them least in more in which
I have
(e.g., chous, mushroom each within numbers shape, ious charts and tables. Since terms
retained
of vessel; fol
single
vessels,
aside Setting represented shapes in this material, and over three Almost
fabric.
forms
all of
forms
these
represent rarely only the is, vessels sharing
"types" same form
flexible
are
and
exist
they
a sequence I have assigned though, to them within the text and reference to remember,
section.
discussion
and
where
names,
cases,
simplifies are difficult
these
unambiguous
established
In most
jug). which
title of each
in the
it is, I hope,
a
than
by or "miscellaneous"
Berlin?that
by Andrea
of convenience
more
in local the
three
displays
that these should
in
fabric.10
used
tive
as a matter
together
resemble. closely be distinguished
produced and hence
fabric, is used
the word
same
sometimes
one
than
single for nomenclature,
As
placed most they can forms
that
example,
could well argue
represented of "other"
in a category
been
generally the defined forms
them be
for
chytra,
in profile. One
grouped a form must
thumb,
have
4
the Form
uniform:
I have
but
miscellany, As a rule of
presentation. singletons
far from
types and two variations
handle
different be
are
however,
nomenclature
The to be
enough
I also
in the var
one or two descrip provide but is thus not uniform,
to the preference
adapted
widely of form
of
readers.
ILLUSTRATIONS
as well.
photographs years, and
consequently
of
practice the pot, but
then was
the
of
than
of closed
the bodies
convention,
vessels,
104 (solid cross-section) is more
reconstruction of drawings allowed been vast
the
and more
side
does
The
vessel
the
reader
will
not
segment
thus
interested
a
Thus, fragmen In in the drawring. other the represent
of
appear, in details
remained
of what
the
vessel
that
has
the drawing, its preservation
from of
to
in thickness the wall in solidly is in contrast This not be directly measured. even when line of the wall of dotting more at the Agora, the inner recently of the for not measured. estimated, drawings example, Compare,
of
and much
the drawing of the same
exterior
right. is, and
entry. earlier these
the probable did not involved
literature
would
representation extent possible. be reconstructed
of
side
was
drawings it could
by
but
accurate;
appearance seem a sensible
to
of
the
ink
Both former
the vessel. use
of
time
Since and
systems have their advantages: gives
Anafa UA, pp. 2-3, 10. TelAnafall.l,p.4.
a more
re-inking resources,
side.
the lies behind controversy here. For those problems and I sidestep process, classificatory see Tel over of debate a recent of the history typology, precis 9. A
an accurate to the fullest
and 103 (dotted cross-section).
honest
to stand
the
it actually
adopted it is only
where
cross-section
latter
profile the left-hand
on
catalogue of convention
Another
the
of G. Roger Edwards and Henry Robinson.
is preserved
in cross-section
complete the consult
to the
variety
produce the vessel
it shows
rather,
be more must
over many made different of many hands, of the profiles in style and in conventions. Many
the work
to
to reconstruct
the complete on elevation
vessel;
drawn
been
so much
not
rather
tary vessel where the these cases, side
drawings is some there
are
in the 1950s and 1960s at the behest
were drawn The
The
illustrated with a profile drawing, many with
objects have been
all of the catalogued
Almost
esp.
n. 3.
unencumbered the both
large
number
systems
have
CHRONOLOGY
7
CHRONOLOGY The chronology presented here is based almost wholly upon the deposits inwhich the objects were found. Approximate dates for these deposits have been developed on the basis of the independently datable objects (coins and stamped amphora handles) and the fine ware that they contain (see the deposit summaries in Agora XXIX, pp. 433-473, and here, pp. 341-376, for details). Once a form was defined, all objects of that form were laid out in the order of context
their form
was
that
range.
to discover
in order
dates
documented, Because
shape
to
also
and
development
the
approximate
investigate was
span
chronological
changes slow,
shape, techniques, not I have usually attempted
very
dates to specific objects in the Catalogue; I give instead the estimated context in which the object was found. In this I follow the precedent logical dated
ranges contexts
for each
are
form
if any
elsewhere,
in the
suggested such have
been
see Charts 23-36, pp. 226-239. Readers familiar with the deposit summaries slight revisions in the present volume, especially dates
in those
expressed
earlier
are
volumes
in
over
on
text,
published;
which
or fabric
in
the basis
of
the
within to
assign
range of dates for the of Agora XII. Chrono the
contexts and Agora access to these ranges,
for quick
of Agora XXII and XXIX will notice some in the late 3rd and early 2nd centuries. The part
large
on
based
the new
for
chronology
Rhodian amphoras that Virginia Grace first announced in 1974.11 Assuming that virtually all eponyms of the period in question were known, and that each eponym held office for a
year,
Grace
Pergamon
counted
back the
deposit,
into
terminal
the
3rd
from the of her the century linchpin chronology, of which she placed in ca. 175. This exercise brought
date
about a downward shift of about 30 years in the dates of Rhodian amphoras of periods I?III ca. to 4th to her (late 175, according century chronology). Now, however, Finkielsztejn has proposed further revisions to the Rhodian chronology, based in part on his study of ampho ras from
sites
in Israel.12 about
assumptions
the
His
is
methodology of
completeness
the
to Grace's: similar strikingly record and the term of each
he makes
the and
eponym
same bases
his chronology on historically dated archaeological contexts; but he abandons the Pergamon instead to material from cities that fell deposit as a fixed point, anchoring his chronology victim
to Hasmonaean
material
under
conquests consideration here,
at
the
his
end
of of
review
the
2nd
the evidence
Most
century. points
out
for the importantly that only 14 eponyms
have been assigned with certainty to Rhodian period IV, a span defined at its beginning by the Pergamon deposit to Grace) and at its end by the destructions of (ca. 175, according Corinth and Carthage (146), that is, a period of 29 years in Grace's framework. Even if a few names
are
it seems
missing,
clear
that Finkielsztejn
has
a
pinpointed
here, which requires a downward shift in the dating of all eponyms of period IV (as well as of the Pergamon deposit itself). his
significant
of periods
discrepancy
I?III and some
as a
the final word, and we may bilan, not premier It will be before the of his adjustments many years implications work have been evaluated and into the various schemes fully integrated upon chronological which it impinges. For it is uncertain how these new dates will out with instance, the play of the Knidian often in found association the with Rhodian. Several chronology amphoras authoritative are inclined to the reviewers, of outline however, accept general Finkielsztejn's and I find Imust I have therefore taken conclusions,13 this new into ac agree. chronology count in the of terminal dates to to the assignment and, Agora deposits by extension, objects presents
Finkielsztejn some expect
published here. The Agora deposits
Grace's
11. Grace
chronology,
are directly affected
ca. 234-161
according
only in Rhodian to
Finkielsztejn),
periods when
II and III (ca. 239-175
Rhodian
wine
was
in
imported
13. Lund 2002; Lawall 2003; Badoud 2003; Habicht 2003.
1974.
12. Finkielsztejn
chronology in the future.
2001.
8 to Athens
in
large
INTRODUCTION
I have
quantities.
the
reevaluated
for
evidence
of de
dates
terminal
the
posits within this span, with the result that in many cases there is a slight downward shift from the dates published in Agora XXII and XXIX. I have included in this revision not only those deposits in which Rhodian amphoras require a later date, but also deposits lacking such
but
evidence,
on
dated
the basis
of
similarity
to dated
contexts.
To
a few
choose
random
examples: the terminus of the bottom fill of B 13:7 has been shifted from ca. 220 to ca. 200; that of the lower fill of N 21:4 from 215 to 210; that of the Middle Stoa building fill (H-K from 12-14) reevaluation
ca.
182
of
other
of
scope
on
to 20 years, from five range adjustments depending most the moldmade the within importantly deposit,
170. The
material
bowls
This results in lengthened spans for the deposits, which should probably such a thoroughgoing overhaul of the deposit dates, however, is beyond
and unguentaria. also be adjusted; the
to ca.
work.
the present
the glacial
Given
of evolution
pace
within
the plain
its
wares,
implications for the chronology of these vessels are negligible. A thorough reworking of the a small impact on the detailed dating of deposit chronology would probably, however, have span ca. 250-160. dates of the amphora Revision produces coins of the early 2nd century. bronze John wares
the fine
the
within
ing the impact of Finkielsztejn's It is surely chronology
not solves,
cally inexplicable 2nd
century coins bronze
or rather
in the numismatic
problem
B.C. The
problem II and
of Period
of the latter period
what
eliminates, concerns those
reacquisition II (the so-called Fulminating fill of the Middle construction
of Delos
chronology
supposed III. One of Period
been
the Rhodian
in 167/6.
The
latest
varieties are
amphora and histori
an awkward
in the first half of the
of Athens
gap between of the earlier,
summariz
78-85:
the if not
variety 87 that in all probability
is the Apollo-head
after Athens's
had
previously
a
of
revision
downward
note
the following
provided
of Athenian
chronology
on the dating of varieties
recent
the
in the
effect
ripple Kroll has
chronology that
fortuitous
a
of
large-denomination the earliest variety
should date shortly Period
the preceding latest varieties
in the however, varieties, 82-84), to ca. 183, there resulted Stoa, and so long as this fill was dated no have would bronze which a break of roughly 20 years (ca. 183-160s) coinage during to 170/168, Stoa deposit lowered the closing of the Middle been minted.14 With however, the latest we III varieties Period find the and the lacuna vanishes, upon directly following II. of Period varieties Zeus
is as it should of course, II varieties last seven Period
be,
This, the
not
least because
the revised
the
deposit
allows
chronology distributed
over ca. to be comfortably 82-84) (76, 78-80, of time-frame crowded to the previous, relatively opposed of the succeeding varieties 12 large-denomination B.C.). The on average of once over a span of 80 years, were minted
as
30 years B.C.), (ca. 198-168 198-183 that duration (ca. III (166-86 Period B.C.), spread
half
every 6.5 years. The slight downward
entailed in the coin chronology by adjustments to to those varieties are limited (78-85) belonging chronology amphora the beginning For instance, to 170/168. now extends Period II, which the early to fall midway between Zeus" series, which ought "Fulminating ca. 190, than 180s rather now middle the from date will of Period II,
the new the of
varieties
78-81:
ca.
varieties
82-85:
185-170.
14.AgwaXXVI,p.50. 15. Agora XXVI,
p. 51,
item 4.
the following
196-185
dates have been applied
of
important and the end
thought
ously.15
In view of Kroll's comments,
part
the
190s as
Rhodian
latter
in this study:
previ
THE DEPOSIT
SAMPLE
THE DEPOSIT One
factor that has made
of plain than fine wares that plain-ware vessels
9
SAMPLE
the study of this material
is that a much
difficult
larger proportion
over
at other the years. Tabulations sites indicate numerous are more in the record than significantly archaeological in from fine ones;16 the context Hellenistic the Stoa of stored how Attalos, pottery deposits more count fine much than plain ware. A rough of vessels in 37 ever, includes represented has
been
discarded
shows that less than two-fifths of the retained (the "deposit representative deposits sample") are of ware are vessels calculations since it 1). These (see Table plain necessarily approximate, to estimate is not possible of vessels with numbers much Nonetheless, represented precision. serve to illustrate the relative of the record. all of the Almost poverty they existing plain-ware
that form the basis of this study were
deposits excavation.
The
excavation to
can be
inferred
rich
of furious
in Hellenistic
at the archaeological activity Agora, were excavated then. Continued pottery
of the
and
about
intensive
the end of the Second World War, as Rodney Young worked
followed
round
a time
were
1930s
the contexts
of
two-thirds
the earlier campaigns
investigated during
almost year
the site for a museum, in the area southwest of the Agora originally proposed about of the relevant had been excavated. It square; by mid-century, three-quarters deposits seems never to have been case a was the that all pottery from Hellenistic saved during deposit those years, hardly the scale of the excavation, standards, surprising considering prevailing and the interest that later material lesser to command. tends Practices (even now) generally explore
inherited
from
appeared,
but
from
the excavators as soon
out while
spread
of
large proportion because imagine,
that
as from more
as well
accounts
the notebook
inventoried
of
the unmended
the excavators
A, and
practice, as they have been
objects probably the remainder of the material would available, for to reconstruct vessels. A joins and attempted complete to conserve residue was discarded space and also, I storage believed had the information necessary they already gleaned
as space was menders searched
the deposit in the 1960s, its date). Later, (usually, again some Homer further reduced of the space, Thompson deposits. in the pottery reduced" notebooks chronicle his progress. He section
excavation
were
time. Whole
from
with
recent
continued
six excavation
sections
of
because Notations worked
of storage shortage like "combined and
systematically,
before
through was no to estimate the number of (A, AA, AP, B, B', BB). There attempt at the time of excavation, and rarely is there any record of how much a far that of than fine wares certain, however, larger proportion plain
starting the project abandoning of various vessels shapes was discarded. It seems was
thrown
away.
At none of these stages is there any record of the that determined what was to principles be retained and what discarded; was the practice probably in the hands of the individual excavators
and may are no
and
sorting recollections
remains
about
have
varied
from
alive, of 50
longer actions
so
one
they and more
of
the pottery that wall suggests or identified was material diagnostic
Even
to another.
cannot
be
of
Most questioned; ago are
years sherds were sometimes
those
who
and
even
unlikely not
usually discarded.
did
the
excavating if they could, their to be unclouded. What
kept
(unless
decorated).
for remarks, Rodney Young of the of F was 13:3: "The instance, pottery selected, very severely deposit pottery the 98 [excavated] a minimum, to baskets reduced a little of each being saving only shape or ware one that was characteristic";17 tin and two boxes now survive. This may have been an extreme to illustrate two case, but it serves drastic reduction of bulk (without principles: any in his account
16. Berlin
II. 1, p. 7, fig. 1) gives of (Tel Anafa percentages wares at Tel Anafa in the Hellenistic plain by weight and Roman At no time does fine ware make periods. up more fine
than to
and
6.5%;
even
fine
and
16.5% at the most. only fine wares made up between
semifine
wares
combined
In Roman 2.4%
deposits and 27.8%
at of
amount Carthage, the pottery
by weight
(Fulford
plain-ware fine-ware
pots
and
Peacock
typically are these figures
Because 1984, pp. 273-275). than larger and thus weigh more do not reflect the proportion of
pots, to plain vessels, but they can sense of the distribution of wares. fine
17. B' notebook,
p.
1159.
nevertheless
give
a
general
10
INTRODUCTION
TABLE 1. UNINVENTORIED VESSELS IDENTIFIED AND COUNTED IN DEPOSITS IN THE DEPOSIT SAMPLE Plain Ware Deposit B 13:8, lower fill (POU) B 20:2, lower fill
33not
Dll:2
51
D 17:4, lower fill (POU)
recorded 74
27 40 22 not
D 19:2, fill I (POU) D-E 8-9:1
21 340
E 3:1,
and
lower
Fine Ware
32 122
fills
upper
E 5:2, lower fill
41
recorded
not
recorded
16 166
E 14:1, lower fill
350
188
E 14:3 E 14:6, lower fill
193 108
36 81 E 15:4
F 11:2, lower and upper fills
97 116
37554
70 140
F 13:3, all levels
F 19:3, lower fill
58 88
G 5:3, lower fill
45 110
F 15:2
160 360
F 16:8
126 150
G 6:2
25
70
2
200
21
90
G 13:4, lower fill (POU) 31 9 H 16:3 H 16:4 M 20:1, lower fill M 20:1, middle
26 29 138 119
fill
M21:l N 19:1, middle
144
fill
243
80 29
N 19:1, upper fill N 20:7, lower fill 21:4,
89
78
N20:4
N
104 255
lower
75 90 136 not
fill
recorded
not recorded
57 018:2 P 10:2, lower fill
36 11 P 20:2 P2L.4
76 108 415 453 14 Qll:3 19Q12:l
R 13:9
not recorded not recorded
198 120
TOTAL 2926 4554+
attempt of most
to preserve the proportions an examination From shapes.
larger percentage but
there
representation
are not
of a few deposits
of
or wares), and an of the context the bulk
fabrics of
excavated
to allow of these enough as a whole. in the assemblage
it appears
pottery,
in the 1970s may have been the drawing
to retain
attempt
of conclusions
samples that a
saved (e.g., P 21:4), about
relative
shape
THE DEPOSIT
\
/
to
In order
I have examined two criteria
the fairly
expand
and
uninventoried
sought of plain-ware number one to fifteen, but was some
precision.19
a graduate
student at the University listed
below,
deposits identified each
shape. collections
rich
Although a third
the over
of
were
cases
the
than of
1997,
a
of plain we able
each
For
context
deposit, pottery,
we
recorded
as well
as
in the
given number
sample minimum extant
from
that
(both inventoried
the
shape of definitely
sample
identified,
The cally
between
relationship represented
in Illustration
three As
samples. is obvious are
rest
in the deposit
available
from
sample. the
above
the
account,
the
than
number
clearer
slightly of the amount
circles
and
of
in
the
picture of evidence
correspond
sample
amount (six lots), rial comes
instances
the number of
the
relative
upon
which
is graphi the Catalogue in the is contained
of course,
the which upon and discard obscure a
identified
the 37 deposits. While
a
the data
of pottery that can be stored lot is the amount or less. or olives), tenekes (a tin for feta cheese a mixture of Early and Late Hel 19. E 14:1 is an exception, The from the 4th to the 1st century. lenistic material ranging
average
all
come from deposits
in the inventory and the Catalogue
as of retention skewed, patterns wildly to what was material recovered, initially
18. A plain-ware traditional
in the
it represents
the inventory, the deposit sample, of 1. The the entirety Catalogue, of
in less
instances,
to in the shape studies of Part II.
of the shape within
sizes
in
deposit the estimated examples plus form now of the relevant examples
words,
give perhaps as a clearer notion
The
from the 37
vessels plain represented the The vessels. tally from
uninventoried
it can
inventory; about half of the objects included
then
inventoried
the
in other
and uninventoried)
statistically meaningless, as well of shapes, representation are based. conclusions my
of
dated
represented exercise. disappointing
in a few vessels;
from
vessels
of
number inventoried
total
164 lots of pottery individual
somewhat
sample alluded
of
is the
of 37 deposits:
be
may
number
Lynch,
preserved 100 than
more
the minimum
studies
of Kathleen
of
and
time-consuming wares had been to identify
ranged could be
assistance
number
had
I available. deposits The been retained.
transport amphoras) that chose deposits
I examined
of Virginia,
identified vessels per deposit was only 79. These 37 deposits comprise the deposit
the
with
vessels,
(Table 1). I considered
material
of plain
inventoried
1,400
Hellenistic
dated
(excluding also three.181
the minimum
estimating This was
the ca.
by
200
amounts
contexts
rarely higher In the summer
sample,
from a sample of 37 deposits
material
in these
lots
deposit
Catalogue
represented
sample
in selecting these from among considerable instances where
first
with
small
Inventory
between
Relationship
inventory,
)
\
/
i.
Catalogue
( uBu|f
DepositSample
Illustration
11
SAMPLE
which
to the
size of each
conclusions the itself
of
the
in this book
of the relationship had an ambiguous
was remarkably of plain ware retained, however, large mate that the 3rd-century and the fine ware suggests that argued for both factors from a workshop dump,
its inclusion
in the
study.
INTRODUCTION
12
to the living assemblage.
relationship the
excavator
inventory, the context
if they occur
not
does
not
they are included
common.
very that
impression of shapes
examples of a common
own
about
choices
does the
is added by the choices
factor
distorting
and
by my the Catalogue reflect accurately
inventory, to stress that
in dated deposits,
are
Another
not
bear
relative
Some the deposit from (as estimated sample). vessels of reasons. Well-preserved for a variety
pottery in the Catalogue,
represent the
what
about
It is important in turn, which,
Catalogue.
give
to
to the relationship in of shapes representation are overrepresented shapes to be inventoried tend and,
even if the shapes
in the Catalogue,
of
a rare
they could
shape samples well-preserved was. Furthermore, common that it actually unique a in the Catalogue, while example single catalogued that excavators to illustrate it. It is true, as well, suffices
the
type included always
are
and
of
in the
a direct
two
Hence, was more
to include
what
uniform
shape almost For example, others. and to ignore to inventory certain shapes "interesting" was entered and the in into the excavation found moldmade brazier inventory, every support in their representation their way into the Catalogue; is such that most have found their variety numerous so were that Other modest. is the deposit however, however, shapes, quite sample, more even was deemed a inventoried sufficient; many complete examples, example single were more in all and many are stored the uninventoried material, ones, fragments among tended
from Charts
may be appreciated
of distortion
The degree
discarded.
likelihood
16 and 18
in the inventory, of various the representation where sample, deposit shapes (pp. 166, 167), that and shows the are for Chart and Catalogue instance, 16, especially chytra compared. the pan and, while and the Catalogue, in both the inventory the lopas are underrepresented are even more so, the brazier overrepresented.
OF THE SHAPE STUDIES
ORGANIZATION to make
In order
inventoried
of
number
the case
(not variants) proper miscellaneous groups A
are
(such
in the deposit sample. or continue into the Roman
in the Classical
included
in these
as "Other
period, of Hellenistic
tallies.
Lekanai,"
No
date.
"Other
Scale
is 1:8 for most of
Range
objects,
of decoration,
Comparanda, central Euboia,
follows
its function,
of
tally
is given
for
other
image of restored such
a
example. and (if necessary) as the handle section. typical
vessels.
unguent
if present.
is an argument is given a second date there
of date. When Range best-attested range,
and
pe the form
vessels
size.
A description
nor
In
Pans").
their
and
Only sample
deposit
a small of the form, accompanied by description been have but on are based objects, catalogued images of some details, the omission small size has necessitated 1:4 for unguentaria
prefaced
items:
the number
by
the material
I have
form,
the following
includes
thumbnail
These
There
entry. This
each
about
information
followed
examples,
that originated includes only
of
shapes this number
riod,
to locate
the reader
with a brief catalogue-like
each discussion The
for
it easy
for extending or after before
in the following geographical Macedonia and northern Greece,
listed
the coastal
islands,
a discussion external
Cyprus,
the Levant,
the development connections, technique of
of
the date
or
earlier
later
than
its
a slash.
Attica, Peloponnese, sequence: Aigina, and Illyria, the Cyclades, Crete, Asia Mi and the West. the Black Africa, Sea, North the
form,
of manufacture,
the
evidence and
for
so forth.
its chronology,
2
FABRICS
the
and
has
temper. been
The one
the present time. No fine ware there
Attic
have,
a wide to be varied, appear highly presenting of these fabrics definition and some understanding
in all
one of this study, that cannot though goals on these work had been done analytical previously sources is a of comparative The dearth ancient material. surprising clay over in the construction of the modern been paved city,1 effectively of
the
likelihood, one avenue to an understanding removing important were is offered fashioned. these objects What below those
tex of color, range this variety of what at be fully realized and even for wares,
ceramics
While plain
ture, means
period display a high degree of homogeneity,
fine wares of the Hellenistic
Attic
of
the
is only
and
from
tempers step toward
clay a first
a
which of
portrait
materials.
A number the Agora.
of practical
A
difficulties of
percentage are breaks
large
ago. Consequently, are almost observed
the study of household
impede
the
are
inventoried
objects fresh breaks
and
rarely visible, This is absent. particularly
totally
or were
complete in which
mended
long
can be
the fabric
in the case
obstructive
fabrics at
and cooking
of cooking
easily
vessels,
where the surface is often heavily blackened and sometimes vitrified by repeated exposure to the heat of the cooking fire and hence gives little hint to the original appearance of the fabric.
most
Furthermore,
where
access
to natural
whole
of
inventoried
exposure have been of
the
the
to natural minimal,
hypothetical to assign
out
into fabric
is stored
collection
in the basement
itwould two
collection the gains the lack
given context
up briefly to be had from of
fresh
natural
on
the basis to
pottery
these
the Stoa
to the
of Attalos,
to transport
colonnade
of
the
the
Stoa
for
a would time-consuming procedure available for observation. Examination
such
breaks
fruitful small
at
for
the
it was
of
this material, in part for the
least
definition
of sherds
selections
But while
of examination groups,
of
have been possible
stories
was much more pottery in abundance, available and for close examination. light
were
groups
inventoried
the
light is difficult. While
light,
uninventoried, Here breaks
groups. be carried
of
of could
possible it remains reasons
fabric
easily to establish difficult
enumerated
above.
The categories inventoried and
described
made
the possible Hellenistic waterjug and Quartz
cooking
were
below
context
pottery. establishment fabric fabrics.
and
was
fabric;
temper
Subsequently,
the of
stage study of possible groups:
of a number Pink
on
constructed first
The
Imade
basis the
of
observation
inventoried
among
of pots,
household
among pottery, cooking a systematic study of the
both which
pottery,
Schist, context
Lopas
5,
pottery
in the 37 deposits of the deposit sample, in the course of which Iwas able both to investi gate further the fabric groups that I had already identified, and to isolate three additional 1. Ethnographic studies show than a few kilometers distant
sources are clay rarely the workshop (Arnold listed by 1985, pp. 35-60, esp. table 2.1). In 33% of the instances the clay source was less than 1 km distant, and in 85% Arnold,
more
that
of the cases
from
of potters clay quarries operating now inaccessible. probably
the clay source
was
less than
7 km distant.
in the ancient
Thus
Kerameikos
the are
14 2. SUMMARY
TABLE
FABRICS AND
OF LOCAL
FABRICS
IMPORTED
Local Fabrics Imported Fabrics FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD
Attic
Pinkish buff
fabricHellenistic
Chian
fabric
Pink
fine
fabric
lagynos Corinthian
fabric
temper
Corinthian,
tile fabric class
sandy
ware
Blister Gray
fabric
water-jug
fabric?
unguentarium
Domed-mouth
fabric
unguentarium ware
semifine
Phoenician
COOKING FABRICS Classical Micaceous Schist
fabric
cooking
fabric
cooking
cooking
Lopas
5 cooking
Slate
fabric
cooking
fabric
Quartz
fabric
cooking ochre
Gritty Pan
fabric
fabric
cooking
1 cooking
fabric
(Phocaean?)
cooking fabric, and Cooking fabric 3, the latter groups: Classical cooking fabric, Micaceous to the inventoried of which turned out upon analysis not to be a viable group. Returning not wares been had that household I reexamined assigned to one of these already pottery, groups and was able to define two additional groups, although these exhibit fewer distinctive characteristics: Attic fine fabric, and another, quite variable group made of what I have called fabric.
buff
Pinkish
number
small materials
are also
There
some
of objects: ochre, Gritty in this chapter.
that are
fabrics
distinctive 1, and
Pan
Slate
cooking
represented These fabrics.
fabric
of the numerous
in only a very the main
are
discussed
distinctive
Another
and
long-recognized
ware
is the gray
unguentaria
found at Athens. This is discussed along with the shape, on pp. 140-141, since the identity of form are closely intertwined questions. of the unguentarium this fabric and the development Also
discussed
fabrics
(pp. 101-102),
unguentarium, that have been
are
elsewhere
such
fabrics
imported
and the fabrics of imported
Phoenician distinguished,
amphoriskos, see Table
as blister
ware
containers
(p. 135),
(Chian lagynos, domed-mouth
For a summary 161). pp. 83, 158, relative their and for 2, representation
inventoried objects, see Charts 1 and 2 (pp. 17, 37). For the distribution fabric groups, see Charts 4 and 5 (pp. 50-53). There
still
remains,
however,
a considerable
amount
mortar
Corinthian
of pottery
made
of
the
fabrics
among
the
of shapes over these of fabrics
that differ
to a greater or lesser degree from any of the groups listed above. This includes over half of and industrial pur the cooking pottery and about a third of the vessels used for household
to deviation show sufficient of these and of containers Many (exclusive unguentaria). poses or or be pale for instance, the color, that they are definitely indicate may greenish, imports: are the differences In other unusual. and markedly cases, however, distinctive the inclusions in clay variation to foreign be ascribed manufacture; less sharp and could reasonably equally not well a otherwise or in or local source, represented workshop origin firing; preparation, it is not not fall into well-defined does the material Because in the Agora groups, sample. means time. at the present scientific to further through investigation susceptible
15
ANALYSES TABLE
3. ANALYSES
ON AGORA
PERFORMED
Fabric Agora Sample (AS)Nos. buff
Pinkish
1
fabric
Pink temper fabric 1
931-935,
PLAIN WARES
ShapesAnalysis 920
938, 939
Lekane
Petrographic
Hellenistic
jug, Form 1;
(Stoltman) INAA
krater
lekane;
RLM
Lekane 938
933,934,938,939 Pink temper fabric 2
929,930
Jug Krater
Hellenistic
Gray
water-jug fabric 1
INAA
water-jug fabric 2
Micaceous
908-911
fabric
unguentarium
964-968
jug, Form 1
RLM spectroscopy
776-779 Hellenistic
jug, Form 1
Petrographic
1014-1033
jug, Forms 1 and 2; lekane
Form
Lopas,
cooking
969-978
3; lid, Form
Forms
3
Cooking fabric
958-963
3; chytra,
2 and
cooking
fabric
3
Lopas 5 cooking fabric
982-990
RLM spectroscopy Petrographic
(Vaughan)
Lopas, Form 3
Petrographic
(Stoltman)
Petrographic
(Stoltman)
Form 3 INAA
Lopas,
786-795
(Stoltman)
INAA
780-785 Brazier
963 Lopas, Quartz
INAA
Petrographic
976 Chytra, Form 2
973, 974, 977, 978
2
RLM spectroscopy
Form
Lopas,
(Vaughan)
INAA
INAA
Unguentarium
967 Lopas, Form 3 fabric
INAA
jug, Form 1
965 Lopas?
Schist
(Stoltman)
902 Hellenistic
Hellenistic
750-752,755,757,
fabric
cooking
Petrographic
Hellenistic
902-907,940
(Stoltman)
Petrographic
Krater929 Hellenistic
spectroscopy
Brazier
Form
3
Petrographic
(Vaughan)
Form 5; lid INAA
Lopas,
984 Lopas, Form 5
Petrographic
(Stoltman)
ANALYSES Several analytical discussion
below.
techniques
were applied
to this material,
and I draw on all of them in the
a
see Table of the analyses Sarah conducted, summary 3.) In 1992, at of the Wiener the American School of Classical (then Vaughan Studies) Laboratory took samples of 16 inventoried vessels of both Quartz and Schist braziers, including cooking and four jugs of Hellenistic fabric for petrographic she fabrics, waterjug analysis. Although never a her she submit did I from which below. completed study, preliminary report,2 quote In the summer a of 1997, 99 sherds wares were of chosen from representing variety among context and exported from Greece for with the uninventoried, pottery, analysis permission (For Director
of the Ministry of Culture. Samples of 50 of these were sent to the Missouri Research Reac tor for instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA): 11 samples of Hellenistic water-jug fabric, nine of Pink temper fabric, five of Micaceous cooking fabric, six of Cooking fabric 3, 10 of Schist cooking fabric, and nine of Lopas 5 cooking fabric. A report on this material 2. Vaughan
1998.
FABRICS
16
A). At the same time, as laser microprobe (RLM)
was prepared by Hector Neff and Michael Glascock (see Appendix an the of part utility of Raman exploratory project investigating the
for
spectroscopy
of coarse
study
four
ceramics,
from
sherds
same
this
among
were
group
studied using RLM spectroscopy and incident light microscopy by Rachel Popelka (then an and Jill Pasteris, and by Brigitte Wopenka student atWashington University) undergraduate of
the university's each of Hellenistic
of Earth
Department
Pink
fabric,
water-jug
and
Sciences; Micaceous
Planetary fabric,
temper
these
one
included
and
fabric,
cooking
sample Schist
cooking fabric (Appendix C).3 At about the same time, James Stoltman of the University of the following of 13 samples, representing examination undertook petrographic Wisconsin fabrics: five of Pink temper fabric and four of Schist cooking fabric, along with one each of Pinkish buff fabric, Micaceous cooking fabric, Cooking fabric 3, and Lopas 5 cooking fabric a neutron activation analysis of (Appendix D). Finally, in 2001 Neff and Glascock performed in 2000 with the permission of the Greek 25 samples of gray unguentarium ware, exported B). Part of each sample re (for their results, see p. 148 and Appendix Ministry of Culture a identified by unique Agora Sample (AS) number, mains on file at the Agora excavations, is available
and
for
examination
by
researchers.
interested
FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD The
repertoire
of forms
made
time, rarely closely paralleled
ware
in household
elsewhere.
This
at the Agora
is distinctive
at the
and,
same
that most
leads to the logical conclusion
of it
in of Attica. the confines then within if not in Athens This, itself, locally manufactured, vessels. of these a fabrics the one to of lead would turn, among uniformity high degree predict to char are both and difficult the fabrics is not the case; rather, Such, however, heterogeneous and Pink fabric Two fabrics?Hellenistic acterize. temper fabric?easily recognized waterjug a inventoried the total of account for about distinctive and their inclusions, quarter large by seem to be imports: their fabric one-fourth vessels household 1). Another (Chart certainly cases and in some from the majority; their forms diverge often is atypical; (e.g., significantly to a non can linked be and imported blister-ware containers) vessels, mortars, they positively
was
Attic
location.
The
fabrics
of
half
the remainder?about
of
are made
visible of fairly fine material; even under viewed when distinctive, they particularly loose can in rather three be placed vessels groups, remaining first The fabric. and nonstandard buff Pinkish fabric, fabric, Most
sification.
nor
are
are
small
not
and
magnification. I have which two are
clas
vessels?resist
the household
inclusions
numerous, of
these
Attic
fine
Most called
almost
certainly
local,
while the third group probably contains both local and imported vessels. For the distribution fabric groups, see Table 4 and Chart 4 (pp. 50-51). of shapes within household Fine
Attic
Fabric
(Table 5, 111.2)
are made of a highly levigated ware that appears to be identical Thirty or perhaps 32 vessels with that used for fine Attic table ware. The color usually accords with the shades in the area on the 5YR or 7.5YR page of the Munsell Soil Color Chart, occasionally red marked 6-7/4-6 der (2.5YR 5-6/6); one example ismottled from 5YR 7/6 to 2.5YR 6/8 (149). The texture is of some of the funnels is soft (149, P 8588, P 22676). usually hard and smooth, but the fabric The
voids
generally 3. A fuller and Wopenka
are
few.
Fine
sparkling
are
inclusions
present
not visible with a lOx lens; a few dull white of the results description et al. 2002.
appears
in Popelka
1999
in varying
inclusions
amounts,
can occasionally
but
temper
be detected.
is
HOUSEHOLD CHART
1. HOUSEHOLD
FABRICS
FABRICS
17 IN THE
REPRESENTED
INVENTORY
Phoen semifine 2 /o
\
4% Domed mouth
/
3 /o
^^^^^^^""^ ; Atypical j 8%
Corinthian J 2%
^
^'^
^^\\lrA^
^^
Hell water-jug 5% Notes 1. N
= 954. certain and conjectured fabric 2. Includes assignments. = of Corinthian 3. Corinthian tile or largely mortars = a none 4. Other of fabrics, of ung variety probably
TABLE
4. DISTRIBUTION
OF HOUSEHOLD-WARE
Shape_Fine
Attic PB 1
PB 2
PB 3
class fabrics. local.
sandy them
SHAPES
PT 1
IN DIFFERENT
PT 2
Hell PT 3
WJ 1
Hell
xx
x
Chous_x_x_x_x Trefoil
jug,
split
Trefoil
jug,
squat_
rim_?_x_ x
Hellenistic
x jug_ jug, Form
Hellenistic
jug, Form
2_
Hellenistic
jug, Form
3_
Hellenistic
jug, Form
Mushroom
Jug,
x
x x
1_x
4_
other_x_x
Askos_x_x_x_x_ Basket-handled
water
jug_x_x_x_x_x
Hydria_x_ Lagynos, Amphora,
small_ Form
Amphora,
Form
Amphora,
Form
x x 1_
x
2_x_x_x_x 3_x_
Amphora,
Form
Amphora,
Form
Amphora,
Form
Amphora,
Form
Amphora,
other_x_x
4_x_ 5_x_x 6_x_x_x_>c_ 7_x_
x
x
_
x x x xxx x xx x x x x
x x
xx
FABRICS
W] 2
NS
Atyp
18
FABRICS
TABLE
IAttic
4 (CONT.)
II
I
I
IHell IHell I I I
I
I
Shape_Fine \PB 1 \PB2 \PB3 \PT 1 \PT2 \PT3 \WJ1 \WJ2 \ NS \Atyp \ x
Funnel,Form1_| ? |_| x |_| Funnel,Form 2_| Funnel, other_[ x | x Storagebin, Form 1_ Storagebin, Form 2_| Storagebin, other_| x Pithos lid_ Miniature Classical
pithos_| mortar_|
x
x x
_| x |
|_ |
bowl_
Deep
_ x
| x
x
x
x
|
|
?_
x
x|_
x
x
x
x
x
1
|
_ x_ x
x
x_
_
x
1 x
I
[
_
_x
I I_
I
x storage plate_
Disk_ |Closed
vessel,
x bin_ x
x_ rope
x
_
handle_
UURorjar 1Beehive_ |Extension
1111111
x_
x_
x
x
[Via| Small one-handled jug_ ISmall handleless pot_
|_
buff
fabric;
_
X
I
x x x x
x
Dry | measure_| fabric.
1
1
x_
_
x x_
support_
PB = Pinkish
x
x_
ring_ cover_
IPotter's wheel_|
atypical
|
x
_ ?_
|Coarse
Kiln
x
_
x
x_
x
|Kantharos_
Beehive
| |
x
x [_|
x
_
1Bank 1Pyxis_ Miniature
x_| x_|
x_
lid/bowl_
|Canteen_ Fish askos_
x
_
lid_
|Two-handled |Low stand_
1_
x
|
_
x Stopper_ IFenestrated
x
|_
|
| x_|
x
x_ x
x
x_
ILid_
x
_x
_
basin_
I x _x
x|_|
|
|_| x
[
basin_
| |
|
_
x
spouted
x x
x
spouted
x
|
|_| x |_| x
|_| |_|
_I
bowl_
Shallow
|
xxxx|x|x|x|_
| xx |
?x_|x
x x
x_
Heavy basin_
x
|_|
x
|
x
IShallowbowl_|
|_|
|
x
_
x_| x
|| x
x x
|
|
x
Lekane, other_
Small
x
x
|_
x
Lekane, Form 3_ Lekane, Form 4_
x x | |_|| ?
x
|
x
Krater,variant_| Lekane,Form 1_| Lekane,Form 2_
x |_| |
|_
x
standard_
x x || |_|
|
x x
x
x
|_| |
x
mortar, Form 2_| mortar, Form 3_| x Serving dish_ ?_|
Hellenistic Hellenistic
Deep
x
|_| _I
Hellenisticmortar,Form 1_|
Krater,
|_|
x |_|
x
Storage bin, Form 3_|
x|_|
|
PT = Pink
temper
| x fabric;
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| Hell WJ
= Hellenistic
water-jug
fabric;
NS
= nonstandard
fabric;
Atyp
=
HOUSEHOLD TABLE
5. VESSELS
FABRICS
MADE
19
OF ATTIC
FINE
FABRIC Uncertain
Catalogue
Shape
other
Lekane,
Inventory
Examples
22676_
154
Storage bin, Form 2 Form
No.
P 4433, P 15408, P 24306, P 29235_ P 6022, P 8475, P 8588, P 15659, P
Amphora, Form 4_125, Funnel, Form 2_146-149, Funnel,
or
164
1
236
Lekane, Form 2
252
Shallow bowl
P 17987
Small bowl_315_
Disk
354
Kiln support
379-381,383-385,
Dry measure_
P 8932, P 14431, P 19568
^V1^
P 21073 378
W148
\ZLll54
1 N
^?h^31fi
^HH-lTl64
-LEC 384
2.
Illustration
most
The
amphoras),
common
in
shapes
small
kiln
,?j?
made
Shapes
this ware
and
funnels,
ally to larger shapes
are
4. Dry measures: P nos. DM 66, DM
14431, 67, DM
(lekane, bowl, disk,
P 8932, 69, pis.
P
in Attic
small
supports,
19568 (Agora X, 15, 18, 34).
fine
pp.
fabric
ones, though
large funnel,
measures.4
54-55,
U^T P 17987
N
/ \
I ?r 236
(scale
including it was
1:8)
votive also
and storage bin)
pelikai applied
(Form occasion
4
and standard dry
FABRICS
20
Buff
Pinkish
(Table 6, Ills. 3-5)
Fabric
The fabric of a larger group, but with
amounts
larger
is similar in color toAttic fine ware
at least 115 vessels,
including
of visible
Its close
inclusions.
to the finer
resemblance
ware
suggests
fabric. I have christened it is a local household it Pinkish buff fabric, after the term that has traditionally been used to describe the color of Attic pottery in both excavation records and I admit that, to me, it looks neither particularly pinkish nor buff. publication5?although Rather
color
the
readings are
they
never
sionally
6/6;
abundant. are
there
small
present, occasionally inclusions of crystalline
a
from
ranges
are 2.5YR 5/6,
red
Shiny or
fine
very
to a
orange
peachy
5YR 6/6,
7/6.
tan:
light
common
the most
are present
Inclusions
Munsell
in varying amounts, common.
are
the most quartz resembling inclusions. inclusions white shiny Sparkling larger come from of the sparkle may Some and abundant. gray
grits
but
Occa
are
always the facets
are often flakes vis silver mica but individual grains, a are texture The is variable: few examples but inclusions ible. Dull white sparse. present or more are hard soft is hard and and fabric but the and smooth, sandy. grainy commonly are almost water and table The softer, more porous amphoras, jugs exclusively examples The used for these have been that a special formula may single example shapes. suggesting such
as
quartz
of of this ware examined petrographically by Stoltman contained a fairly high percentage to as the he to Athens schist and similar be identified rock temper (15%), possibly temper as in the Schist as well and Micaceous fabric temper a be amount in It must the of identified small grog sample. in Pink
observed man
also
that Pinkish
buff fabric
a valid
present
Macroscopic
is highly
variable,
and a much
which ,
represented, and shapes
conform ranging the wide
suggests
closely in date range
to
be needed
portrait.
petrographic observation
of
of vessels
arrangement
the majority
Group 1 (111.3). This group encompasses ber)
however,
emphasized,
larger sample would
Stolt
fabrics;
cooking
this
above. Twenty-four given Hellenistic the period. throughout are additional that this indicators
groups:
(at least 74 in num
of the examples
different
to the description evenly of date
in three
fabric
The
shapes number
are
large is a local fabric.
or water jugs of Form 1, and all dating Group 2 (111.4). Ten vessels, all choes
of
to the late 4th
amount of very fine than usual spar larger in be isolated could is rare, and few examples this fabric inclusions. distinctive, Though kling are and the variant of the Attic the forms the context Nonetheless, repertoire, typical pottery. a use or different a brief of most clay quarry. experiment production likely represents 3rd
and
centuries,
are made
of a fabric
a
that has
in 31 vessels. Their
was noted Group 3 (111.5). This variation
fabric,
in addition
to the
in larger rock that occurs a very small amount of the pink amounts in is This rock fabric in Pink concentrations below). (discussed present tiny temper our commands it were in a given but one or two fragments observed vessel), only (usually two All within vessels but fabric. Pink the with of the links it suggests because interest temper inclusions
described
above,
has
this group date after 200.6 This restricted date further supports a link with Pink temper fabric, which is characteristic of the 2nd century. The assemblage of vessels in this group is large in Pinkish buff 1 but which do (some 19 shapes), including some that are not represented occur
in the Pink
temper
basin). This again suggests
assemblage
(e.g.,
links between
Form
the two fabrics.
is the term 1989, p. 45, where e.g., Grandjouan to "pb." fill of F 17:3) and P 16122 are 177 (middle 6. The exceptions the latest datable ma those in both at 14 m); (G 14:2, deposits, 5. See,
shortened
Form
6 amphora,
1 funnel,
deep
spouted
Itmay be that they were made
in
instance ca. 200. A third possible before be placed but it of K-L comes the east branch from 18-20:1, (P 16622) in that intrusion of the substantial be 2nd-century may part terial may
mostly
3rd-century
deposit.
HOUSEHOLD TABLE
6. OBJECTS
FABRICS
21
OF PINKISH
MADE
BUFF
FABRIC Uncertain
Shape1 Group Chous P1824, P 2872, P 12706, P 12990,
Group 2 P1,4 6937
P 13559, P 19727_ Trefoil jug, split rim _P 13562_ Hellenistic jug, Form 1 16, 29, 37, 39, 40, P 8421, P 25624, P 26968, P 29300 Form
Hellenistic
jug,
Hellenistic
jug, Form 4
3 Group Examples
13-15, 17, P 19366, P 28081, P 28202, P 29266_
38, P 516, P 16122, P 21157
3 55_
water
Basket-handled
71, P 4289, P 13306, P 22051 _ Askos 84, P 20515, P 33091_80, 95,96,99
jug
73,
P
3841, P 16622
P
26040_
_
Hydria_100_
Amphora,
Form 3
Amphora,
Form
123, 124, P
7391_
P 33074_
6_130,
Funnel, Funnel,
Form
Funnel,
other
2
Form 1
141, P 3309, P 11651
150 153
Storage
bin,
Form
Storage
bin,
other
1 157_P 4321_ 172
Pithos lid
176, P
Serving dish
15537_177_
204 P Krater_225,
Lekane, Form 1 Form
Lekane,
4185_219_
235, P 6331-P
2
249,
250,
6333_
P 4471,
P 6389, P 25691, P 27223, P 27990_ Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
Form
Lekane,
other
P 4058,
3_261, 3 variant
15897_264_ 265 P 8110,
4_272,
Low
11888_
301_ 320, P 8905_318,
bowl_309,
spouted
328
lid
338,339337
stand
Extension
Beehive
345
wheel
357-359,363-365, P 7976, P 33011, P 33041
367
ring
cover
Dry measure
P 11865
319,
324 322 basin
Beehive
Potter's
14398_P
297,
Heavy basin Fenestrated
P
284
Deep bowl 288 Shallow bowl_295, Small
Deep
P
375 368,369 376 P
14430
P 32167
P 16103
22
FABRICS
/ \ \ / F I ^""P 20515 P13559
WkT
\__J____*37
V____l___-/55
_
y--?? \
i
A
)
(TX7 t____B___f
96
w
124
\_J___*
fjij
vL/*
_
l--mrj
157
CZZ__=J_______^5
249 )_____J___!___f 261
225 \_=________C ^__J____T
w* rj- ^
153
I_I_I
\___j_L__C301 L?_^T
\___J____C309
\___J_____/320
r --B-_|-_-B-|___M__-_--_M_B J^1^^^^
L,
'
-."A
375
\ \V^ ^?
\.
xp / /
/ \) r
_________
1 * P14430 \ / \_L____-___/359
Illustration
3. Shapes made
f v
I
1 10 cm
367 1_1 i
in Pinkish buff fabric 1 (scale 1:8)
FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD
I nr 14
\
1
^=L^r
23
!
10 cm=?
Illustration
4. Shapes made
in Pinkish buff fabric 2 (scale 1:8)
so that fragments of pink rock, liberally used for the tempering the same workshops, temper fabric, occasionally made their way into the bin of Pinkish buff clay. Pink
Temper
(Table 7, Ills. 6 and 7)
Fabric
Pink temper fabric is characterized foliated
shiny, in three
rock,
of Pink
usually
of fairly large and numerous
by the inclusion in color.
pinkish
Vessels
made
of
can
this material
be
of
pieces arranged
groups.
Group 1 (111.6). The majority of the vessels belong to this group, with 122 certain examples and nine less positive attributions. The hallmark of the fabric is the inclusion of large (1 5 mm) pieces of shiny, foliated rock, usually with a decidedly pinkish cast, along with fine sparkling inclusions, probably deriving from the rock. Viewed through a hand lens, these rock also
resemble
fragments present,
break 7/4;
and
schist.
sometimes
Smaller
angular
7/6; 2.5YR 5/6,
(5YR 5/6,
sometimes
2.5Y8/2),
6/6),
slipped,
concentrations
red
inclusions.
of fine The
but the surface
but more
matrix
grayish
white
usually
has
is lighter
are
inclusions a red
(7.5YR 7/6, 8/4;
tone
in the
10YR 7/3,
wet-smoothed.
commonly
Group 2 (111.7). In 16 examples, some or all of the rock inclusions, though foliated and shiny as in Groups 1 and 3, are greenish instead of pink. Neutron activation analysis, however, revealed no significant chemical differences between samples of Groups 1 and 2. A single sample analyzed petrographically compared closely with samples of Group 1, though show a
percentage higher of 1. The samples Group ing
of
sand-size
fabric
of
inclusions, sherds with
end of the color scale (2.5YR 5/6-8, 6/6-8), might be due to firing conditions. Members to differences
point clay
formula,
in
but
not,
workshop certainly,
Group 3 (111.7). Ten pieces abundant through
inclusions
pink the fabric
(e.g.,
(26) the light surface inside. by 243,
That where
90,
amount
greenish
271).
absent
usually
at the
the
surface). cases In other
In some there
is clearly a slip, sloppily applied
is a
with
(ca. 2.5Y 8/2), cases, pink
around
well deposits
a
subtly
different
along with very
the pale color penetrates instance core, and in one
the rim and lacking on the
the pale color is an artifact of firing, rather than of material half of the vessel to a warm has fired tone. Six of orange
3 come from two closely contemporary
in the redder
and the difference in the color of the inclusions of this group regularly lack a slip, which might
have a very pale surface color on
of grog, are
inclusions
We might, then, be dealing practice. a with fabric from a different region.
(ca. 20% 89,
a small
and
is indicated alone, the vessels in Group
(G 5:3 and Q 12:1), both of which date
FABRICS
24
(
11
^____________?
>-
38 ^J_^80
172 ?_____zL____m
Lrr^l
\??
V_V----w^
*% 219 \
I? (
265
^1
/v\
)
T.
IP
141 100 Qj j
264
/
I M----?
177
17
\ _/^__U_^319
P 11888
_r
J'
xTy
( A ^K
\
\_L__/ 10cm
5. Shapes made in Pinkish buff fabric 3 (scale 1:8) (fragments of Form 1 storage bin not illustrated)
Illustration
c_________-_
HOUSEHOLD
TABLE
7. OBJECTS
FABRICS
25
OF PINK TEMPER
MADE
FABRIC Uncertain
1
Shape Group
Group 2
Group
jug, Form 1
Hellenistic
25, 27, 28, 32-34, P 14478, P 19471, P 20449, P 21321, P 25799, P 28794_ Hellenistic jug, Form 2 42, 43_ Hellenistic jug, Form 3 56, 58, P 24933_P 11682_ Hellenistic jug, Form 4 66, 67, 70, P 4088, P 8032, 69, P 14309 P 17988, P 28109_ Askos 76, 78,81, P 11891, P 13111_77_ Basket-handled water 85, 86, 88, 91-94, P 19931, 87, 89, 90, P 21315 jug P 21188, P 21317, P 21322,
3_Examples 26
68
P29216_ small
Lagynos,
114
Amphora,
Form 2
Amphora,
Form
122
6_128_P
Funnel, Form 1 other
Funnel,
16115_
151
Storage bin, Form 1 Storage bin, Form 2_P Hellenistic mortar, Forml_P Krater, standard variant
Krater,
16203_
142, 143, 145, P
159, 162, 163, P
3392_160_ 28926 188, P 14313, P 19786, 28107, P 33003_ 214-218,220-222,224, P 20438, P _P 3393, 27224_ 230,
190, P 11885, P 11886 209, P 29356
P
4040_231_
Lekane, Form 1
237,240-242,244,247,248, P4038, P 4090, P 4091, P 13697, P 14262, P 18773, P 29302
Lekane, Form 3
257,262,
Lekane, Form 4
266-270,274,275,279, 271 281 P 3397, P 4034, P 4039, PI 1689, PI 1889, P 19750, P _P 28777, 29303_
unknown
Lekane,
form
P 4089
243
258
P 4070,
(waster)
P
Deep bowl Shallow bowl
290 302-305, P 8581, P 13693, P 14310, P 27365 _P 13695,
300
Small bowl
310 Shallow spouted basin
Deep
spouted
Two-handled
223, P 6325
basin
326 327
Lid_ lid/bowl
330-332
342, 343
Low stand
P 26733
Beehive_
360, 361, P 4041
344,
P 14232
20284
26
fl1,
\ \
W)/
I
\
? 58
I?_r 122
91 V i__-__J_____C
f
N I
?
SS
230
\_____J______*
214
\\/'/
fi" /^^x
A
\
275 ^244 \_______J_-______-r
Tn?r
# ,
\____J______W
326
X>']_______L__p_1P 26733
Illustration
327
_
|_
f/
J
\ ^J \_Lh_____0
10cm c==___
6. Shapes made
303 X_eee____C
290 N_____L__T
257 =j-p>
\^**^mmmmmammmmmmmmmm
\-l:::::::_a______i_f
N^\
)
\ I ^159
I
c^fs^
/
-B^aB|
N7 \
\W? J
J)
fT) \=Jf==^
I
) fc-.v V*'*
FABRICS
in Pink temper fabric 1 (scale 1:8)
360
HOUSEHOLD
\_fes^P
11682
V
U*
FABRICS
69
27
114
N-k<
CD?
I |
fR ///
\\\
\
/
/4**\ ( I
J r-1?/ I
331
1
P 16203
L-^J
,J,
344
Pink temper fabric 2
\
^37
I
V-
U*^
/ 26 1-L?4T
243 \-1?^T
89
258
vd/XL/'
Pink temper fabric 3 Illustration
7. Shapes made
\==L^I
223
271
\_k?W
10
in Pink temper fabrics 2 and 3 (scale 1:8)
=_ cm
FABRICS
28
within the second quarter of the 2nd century. The other contexts (lower fills of D 17:4, E 6:2, and E 14:1, middle fill of F 5:1), while not as narrowly dated, are consistent with such a date for this variant of the fabric. It is possible that all resulted from a single firing or a relatively short-term
in clay
experiment
or
formula
firing.
in Pink temper fabric. Like shapes are represented Virtually all of the common household the vessels of Pinkish buff fabric, they range throughout the shape repertoire, with 24 differ ent forms represented in Group 1 and a few more added by Group 2 (a single small lagynos and some lids). Chronologically, though, the fabric is limited to the 2nd and 1st centuries, a Form 3 jug (58) from level I or II of well O 20:3, and thus probably with two exceptions: to be dated before ca. 225; and a Form 1 jug (25) from well H 6:4, with a likely deposit date to 200.
close
A waster
of
possibly
this
was
fabric
in Thompson's
found
but
B,7
Group
the
ware with certainty. changes brought about by overfiring make it difficult to identify the ca. come contexts after from laid down All other examples of the fabric 200, with deposit to the middle
from the first years of the 2nd century ranging use at the time of the Sullan still in abundant
dates It was
and may
sack
the
of have
a.d. 1st century in use continued
until the end of the 1st century and beyond; about a dozen vessels of this fabric were identi fied in deposits laid down early in the common era (e.g., 145, 162, 247, 290, 326, 343). In the
fabric
is finer
than
is found fabric temper activation is a local ware. Neutron
across
the
earliest
the
58),
(e.g.,
examples
in later
fewer
with
ones,
of
particles
rock.
The that
that Pink
fact this
support
nor
this hypothesis.
refute
analysis revealed
Analysis
Pink
have
the ware
the
impossible of clays of a variety in lie rather general
conjecture and
of Neff laser
Raman
was
and Glascock
investigation
clusions
in Schist
cooking
fabric is very likely to be Attic
cooking
hematite,
fabric,
suggesting
a
visits
samples
to Corinth,
but
I
and It is not
in 146.
of Corinth
abundance ready the similarity may is the such, at least,
the for
identified and
rutile,
C). This suite of material
(see Appendix
the
of
for the fabric is unlikely.
explanation the two areas;
this ware
of
sherd
crystalline
poorly
The from
(BNL): two groups most
several
source,
from
of samples
A, p. 383).
(see Appendix
of a single
of
the destruction
a Corinthian
this unlikely. raw materials
in the
similarities
origin
course
groups
While
A,
(see Appendix
Laboratory
Aiginetan.8
in the after
from
imported itself makes
clay in Attica
crystalline),
poorly
the inclusions
the ware
in Athens
as
a Corinthian
Pink
between
similarity
fabric
four
with
National
one
group, of
any samples to be abundant
continues that
and
samples, chemical
water-jug
compared
by the Brookhaven
to the Corinthian
encountered
further
as Corinthian,
one
similarities
not
samples
analyzed
as Attic,
identified
showed
temper
that were
the Agora
were
is a strong indication neither could however,
repertoire
a close
Hellenistic
temper fabric and the visually quite different Fig. A. 1). The
shape of nine
workshop
quartz an unidentified
is remarkably connection
so such similarities
(see below),
(both crystalline mica among
similar to the list of in between
the
two.
Schist
an argument
constitute
also sug petrographic origin. a similar rock temper, contained both of which a close the two fabrics, between affinity gest a mica second and muscovite rock containing a schistose, D). The (Appendix metamorphic that Pink
temper
fabric
is also
local
of
observations
Stoltman's
amount of this temper in the five samples of Pink temper fabric that Stoltman was variable?14% and 16% in two samples, 5% in the other three?suggesting different fabric groups. 7. P 4070 8. Fillieres,
(Thompson
1934, and
p. 343,
no. B40, 1983.
The
23,122). were groups
figs.
Harbottle, Sayre and Hellenistic of Classical and figurines Attic A (Attic pottery of Protogeo Attic B (Attic pottery from the Agora); date, mostly Corinthian the Agora); from date metric lamps, (figurines,
b.c. a loomweight, 6th/5th century and Aiginetan the Agora); all from to the various The assignment Agora). and
a.d.,
stylistic
grounds.
examined to him two
2nd
century the from (figurines on was made groups through
HOUSEHOLD TABLE
29
OF HELLENISTIC
MADE
8. VESSELS
FABRICS
FABRIC
WATER-JUG
Shape Group 1 Group 2 10
Mushroom
jug
Hellenistic
jug, Form 1
18, 19, 21-24, P 394, P 395, P 911, P 12026, P 16123, P 16161, P 25262, P 29265_
Hellenistic
jug, Form 3 jug, Form 4
52-54, 59, P 1115, P
Hellenistic
14195_ 60, 63-65, P 6329, P 16282_61,
Krater_207, Form
Deep bowl
2
208_210,211,213,226_ 253
287 Shallow
293, 294, 298, P 6334,
bowl
_P
Small bowl
20501_
314
Hellenistic
named
fabric,
water-jug
1. Thirty-one Group and fabric lightweight sometimes blood-red,
after
1 jug in two variants.
the Form
occurs
that
material
lightweight
(Table 8, 111.8)
Fabric
Water-Jug
Hellenistic is a pale,
16159_
19721_
2_116,117_121,
Lekane,
P
5785,
P
Form
Amphora,
P
20
most vessels, inclusions:
inventoried with
abundant
along
with
fine,
shiny,
of
it most
in which
them
jugs, and, most
white
lilac-gray
grits.
are made
of
a soft,
characteristically, color is usually
The
occurs,
commonly
porous, rust- to (10YR
pale
7/4, 7/5YR 7/4), but some pieces are redder (5YR 6/8), and sometimes the surface is pale while the body is red. The mottled color of a Form 4 water jug (63) suggests that this range of color is the result of variations in the atmosphere of the kiln during firing. The shape most encountered
commonly
lenistic Athens. Form
3 and
jug
are
only slightly projects beyond this fabric, that all suggesting are rare in the earliest Hellenistic
of
also
the wall. come
examples
The
century. to the 3rd
Group identical monest
come
3rd
limited
described
above.
sparkling
was
4, narrow-necked
very
similar
8-9:1.
is common
foot
a
along with six jugs of
(J 5:1), dating
on
Vessels
single workshop. the earliest inventoried
other made
in later
The
275.9
of Form
of the 4th century;
rest and
deposits,
shapes made of this fabric is a jug
instance
to the last quarter
around
in a material This
fabric
surface
1. Among
too
that
looks
is lightweight, here though
very
are
concentrated
its use
similar
but
in color
pale too some
vessels of this fabric are a mushroom
(Form 2), amphoras and a greener slightly
a series
and kraters, cast than is normal
9. P 29265 from J 5:1; 18 from lower fill of B 20:7 and 116 IromD-E
of Hel
is probably
not
quite (the com are red
are 10YR 7/2-4, 7.5YR 7/4, readings pieces or 8/2]), and contains and brown and very [2.5YR 7/2 red, white, inclusions, ones. It is sometimes and or lacks the surface harder, however, powdery grainy
of samples from Group smooth
container
century.
to what
in tone
A
laid down deposits is rarely encountered
are made
few
a
fabric
18 vessels
der
and
from
2. Another
Munsell
water
two narrow-necked
from
deposits;
1 from level V of the Crossroads Well in the
1, the favored
I 2, a shape (Form amphoras a as been for its contents), two kraters, and a lekane. The container, imported of the jugs is the a feature of the low and delicate disk base foot, always shape
distinctive
4. There
that
two more
of Form
such water jugs in this fabric are inventoried,
Fourteen
six of Form
to have
believe most
is the Hellenistic
jug, jugs of Forms
some of them of bowls, for the ware (293, 294,
with 298,
1
30
\
FABRICS
52
24 1.V \_L?/
fD
(!)
V-
I ^r
Hellenistic
water-jug
\
20
^ i
\
Hellenistic
314, P 6334, P 20501).
The
8.
Shapes
made
relationship
y L,
^-
287
\=ff!E!Sr
Illustration
116
water-jug in Hellenistic
253
fabric 1
m
rn
S
mft
L-T^r 207 x
v__i?^10
> I 64
\_L-/
I m^
^
293
X__L-^
cm ,=_
fabric 210
water-jug
of these vessels
314
fabric
(scale
1:8)
to those of Group
1 is underlined,
for a disk base. Fourteen of the group however, by light wall and the preference certainly or on come date the 3rd within the basis of from context; four, however, century, probably of be 2nd- and course, (where residual).10 deposits lst-century they may, the
10. 287 F19:3
from
(ca. 115-86),
G
5:3 (ca. 175-150); lower fill of 226 from P 20501 from 121 from R 19:1 (ca. 125-75);
E 14:3
(ca.
115-50,
though
with
some
3rd-century
material).
FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD
31
Neutron activation analysis of seven samples of Group 1 and four of Group 2 showed that in terms of all but one of the 33 trace ele the two groups are chemically indistinguishable ments detected in the study (see Appendix A). They could be distinguished, however, on the in the samples of Group 2. This small basis of sodium, which occurs in higher concentrations to to to a different ceramic source. It is is than be due formula rather difference likely clay possible that the more porous fabric of Group 1 represents a material specially engineered for water
the
jugs,
itmost
in which
shape
occurs.
frequently
Visually this ware (in both of its variants) It calls to mind the pale fabrics of Corinth,
is different
of
studied
Corinthian
typical
fabrics.
Vaughan, it as calcareous,
aggregates, metamorphic a "calcareous source suggests Attic
Thompson
schists
and
affected
of mica,
recognized
did not distinguish between jug fabric) and 2nd-century been
on
made
there,
Aigina, a modern
on
and
sections
of four
ware
the pale
of
jugs
and micritic occa
a composition of the absence
Such
low-grade metamorphism." to a non-Attic could thought, point of
the ware
to 1.5 mm,
silt
The
nature
of
samples limestone
by
she
the unusual
thin
"clasts of including with from quartz grains or actinolite." fine chlorite
recrystallised, some [and]
occasionally
sional
distinctive
although
who
characterized
petrographically, carbonate material,
in every way from typical Attic fabric. its texture ismuch rougher than that
source.11
of Form
Homer he
1, although
the quite different fabrics of 3rd-centuryjugs (Hellenistic water ones (Pink temper fabric). He suggested that they might have on
based
the occurrence
waterjug
industry
three
Form
1
flourished
on
the
of
that
in jugs island
a
tomb
2nd-century in the 1930s.12
Con
(see Appendix sequently, in the neutron activation study undertaken by Neff and Glascock A), samples of this ware were compared with the Aiginetan group analyzed by the earlier INAA study at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.13 It emerges that the two groups are sufficiently dissimilar to rule out Aigina as an origin for Hellenistic waterjug fabric,14 so we must
look
for
elsewhere
its origins.
The signature shape of this fabric, the Form 1waterjug, has a well-defined published examples occurring in Corinth (in standard Corinthian fabric), in Hellenistic
fabric),
water-jug
and
Eretria,
Aigina,
as well
Thebes,
distribution, with Isthmia (probably
as at some
more
distant
sites with strong Athenian connections (Delos, Lemnos) (see Map 1, p. 75). This suggests the limits within which we might look for the place of fabrication. The neutron activation study detected some similarities with Corinthian fabric, although Neff and Glascock did not on this observation. More place heavyweight compelling, perhaps, is the fact that Hellenistic fabric
water-jug
and usually shape
does
is visually
identified not,
as Corinthian
so far as I have
out the city itself, but perhaps the vessels The
of
pale,
occur
a pottery
commonly
activation
study
were
temper substance marly the Raman laser
remarkably to the clay mix. (Appendix
C)
revealed
at Corinth
in this fabric,
in the wider
somewhere
high
that
in calcium,
for mortars,
used
sandy class).15 The fact that the signature
(Corinthian,
observed,
fabric
lightweight
both
seem
would
to rule
region was responsible
this ware.
neutron fabric
to a
similar
for
Hellenistic
fabric and Pink water-jug the addition of a fine, suggesting possible of a sherd of Hellenistic fabric with water-jug
Investigation has shown it to contain
calcite,
not
only
as small
inclusions,
but also as streaks of very fine material in the clay body (which are in fact sometimes visible to the naked eye). The use of calcite as an added temper iswell documented ethnographi In the for Grace an Crowfoot recorded 1930s, instance, cally. early ethnographic parallel for 11. 1998. Vaughan 12. Thompson on 1934, p. 465; for the jugs found Aigina, see II. 1, p. 86, nos. 675-677, Alt-Agina pis. 53, 54. 13. Fillieres, and Sayre 1983, p. 67. Harbottle, 14. Assuming, that is, that the figurines in the BNL study (all
of
them
from
the Agora
are
excavations)
in fact of Aiginetan
manufacture. 15. For Corinthian, and
p.
102 below.
sandy
class,
see
Agora
XII,
pp.
37, 222,
FABRICS
32
the use of finely ground in Palestine.16
Nablus,
first broken white
coarse,
parts clay. rather than the
made
The
calcite,
on
brought
into smaller pieces,
a distance
from
camelback
in a hand mill
then ground
near
in the village of Kafr Lebhad, of
was
five miles,
result was a
and sieved. The
was mixed to two with the clay in a formula of one part calcite to the was for this material used situation, however, Agora cooking women made the calcite who that the the pottery; pottery explained to withstand it would able heat. Crowfoot that also make postulated
which
powder, In contrast household
pots better less porous.
the pottery
in pottery manufacture
calcite
She
out
pointed
that
calcite
at a low
decomposes
"but
temperature,
leads to the formation of a cement and so assists the lime produced by this decomposition is generally thought in the 'waterproofing' of the pot."17 Porosity rather than impermeability to be a desideratum for water jugs, since evaporation through the body of the pot cools the the
water;18
some
of
coating
water
with
jugs
resin,
a desire
demonstrates
however,
to reduce
(e.g., 5, 15, 32).
porosity
to must in adding aim in mind this material In any event, the potters have had a specific some basic show that cal studies and since their paste, chemistry especially experimental as low as 620?C, as a at temperatures cite has significant temper.19 disadvantages Beginning to form with water The CaO combines into CaO and calcite subsequently decomposes C02.
calcium hydroxide causes
expansion
or above
the
(dunking pots
one
Which
paste.20
at which
temperatures
ca. 900?C); docking
our
did
situations,
ancient
the
firing in a reducing
reaction
use?
takes
of
The
warm
tone
firing
or above
ca. 650?C
(below
place
fabric.
the
atmosphere;
after firing); or the addition
in cold water potters
than CaO; the resultant
disintegration
complete
to this problem:
solutions may be applied
Various below
in extreme
or,
spalling
larger in volume
is significantly
(Ca(OH)2), which
of many
of salt to the of Hel
made
pots
lenistic water-jug fabric eliminates reduction firing as a possibility, but the potter probably to solve the problem by using either a high had sufficient control of the firing conditions or
a low
this practice
out; it
The temperature. is well documented
firing
significantly
turn
result of the inclusion
Another
observed seawater
body might of Hellenistic by Pakistani water cooler.24
1932, 1932,
18. Rye 19. Rice
p.
For
North p.
1971),
1976,
pp.
p. 113.
surface
fabric.
as
Meanwhile, for adding
potters
p. 98. in Melanesia example,
one
to note vessels
made
of
the
from
reasons such
cited
clay keep
1986. and Johnson 123-136; Klemptner et al. 1974, p. 52. Matson p. 66; Brooks iron to form of the salt react with the chlorides
22. Rye 1976, pp. 23. Matson 1971,
183-187.
1987, pp. 97-98; Rye 1986, pp. 251-253.
by INAA in some samples
of sodium detected
it is interesting salt to their paste:
187.
that
explains 1976,
pp.
120-121;
Klemptner
1987,
1976,
121-122), pp. (Rye 1997, 1984, p. 263; Hudson
and Peacock (Fulford Palestine (Rye 1984, p. 771), Mesopotamia and Pakistan 1976, pp. 39, (Rye and Evans
Africa
136),
1000?C.
above
green
light
of salt is a lighter surface on a pink clay body, caused by the
for the high percentage
water-jug and Arab
17. Crowfoot
to the
salt
account
16. Crowfoot
21.
then
of 800?C-900?C,
paste to the
some of these effects?a Both the pot dries.23 pale, a be and a pinkish the body, color surface?may body with pale throughout or of salt addition the in pottery of Hellenistic fabric, possible suggesting water^ug salt in the clay of conjecture, in the realm to the this remains While clay mixture. the
of migration times greenish
and Johnson 20. Rice
at a temperature
or white
yellow
not be ruled should clay, however, that have shown and experiments as effects It has other inclusions.22
to the
with clays from Papua, Owen Rye found that a red earthenware conditions would fire red at 600?C-1000?C will, when salt is added
well. Experimenting that under normal mix,
salt
ethnographically,21 of calcite effects
the deleterious
reduces
of
addition
(Matson 128).
which
FeCl3, free and
volatilizes
thus white
at about in color.
800?C, Peacock
the surface
leaving (Fulford
and
iron
Peacock
out carried similar experiments describes 1984, pp. 263-264) on a variety of European clay from Marousi, clays, including of Athens. outside 24. Rye
1976,
p.
122; Rye
and Evans
1976,
p.
128.
and
Nonstandard
Fabrics
Atypical
(Table 9)
objects are made
200 (22%) of the household-ware
About
33
FABRICS
HOUSEHOLD
of fabrics that do not fit into any of
two terms?nonstan For purposes of description and analysis, to express to which been chosen the degree the fabric of any one vessel norm. to unlike the Attic It is important the other materials from that, emphasize diverges or nonstandard in this section, described fabric groups; these are nonuniform any two atypical as are from from one another fabrics may be as dissimilar Attic fabrics. they typical as nonstandard or inclusions in color, described from Fabrics the fabric of texture, diverge the categories described dardand atypical?have
above.
of vessels in the collection. One's first instinct might be to classify these as imports, and, indeed, the list of vessels in Table 9 includes several unique or highly unusual shapes the majority
whose
in the
singularity
collection
very
suggests
that
strongly
are not
they
local manufac
of
ture: jugs (11, 45, 46, 74), amphoras (131-134, 137), miniature pithoi (178-180), a canteen (cf. 350). Others, however, are likely to be (347), a coin bank (349), and a pair of kantharoi local
despite
that
locally
the unusual manufactured
a moldmade rim ismade
fine ware has shown Study of Hellenistic made of standard Attic clay. For example,
fabric. always
within
also
sometimes case
in the
made
locally of 82. This vessel
as local by the lead seal attached
and it is certified
clearly
not
were shapes be demonstrated
household similarly, can in fact This fabrics.
falls
the
bowl identified as Attic by its stamps and the unique scraped groove below the of a pale clay that diverges significantly from the Attic norm.25 It seems likely
that,
device,
of
appearance were vessels
the nonstandard
and has a high proportion
for
group,
in unusual regionally as a served measuring
to its handle. The fabric, however,
it is remarkably
of black and red grits. One
or
contains
pale,
no mica,
almost
can easily see from Table 4 (pp. 17-18)
are to which the degree in the normal Attic in nonstandard shapes repertoire represented to be of local manufacture, are the fabrics: and thus likely chous these, among (see single 9 for catalogue Table and the of water Forms basket-handled 1-4, numbers), inventory jugs an of Form of Form bins of Form 6, the funnels 1, storage 1, serving jugs, askoi, amphora lekanai of Forms and shallow fenestrated two-handled kraters, dishes, 1-4, deep lids, bowls, covers. to inconceivable and beehives It is also close and hive that the kiln lids/bowls, sup
ports should have been repeated nonstandard
as atypical diverge
fabrics indicator
strong
4 again local
Table
that
shows,
the
Not
all of
explained of household
wares wares
formulas;
or
that
have
(e.g.,
there
chous
then,
variability,
other
way.
varied very
It may
considerably that
large;
they exploited been used for
the local norms example,
even more
each
may which
25. P 6764
and therefore
pp.
71-72,
no.
is to be
suggest, over
some
pis.
44,
(e.g.,
where the is consistent examples shape entirely 1 Form water basket-handled [3, 5], [30, 31, 35], jug
single a number
224,
jugs
an import.
probably
are
are well
(AgoraXXll,
than the
strongly
single examples of the miscellaneous
to classify these objects as imported. ascribed
for
to an
exotic
that instance, that the number time; workshops of different
employed sources clay
of a
83).
be
the production
workshops
large variety at one time. beehives also
it must
and
origin, formulas for
of the larger objects?in particular, in the nonstandard It may represented group. these nonstandard items were whose produced by workshops products, are not well in the represented Agora sample. covers,
to
be ascribed
in the collection,
represent
is a hapax
it is difficult
consequently
was
For
imports. that
however,
fabric
in some
utilitarian
mulas
they
assemblage the
are
from
the vessels
(135, 136, 138-140)
[98]), and where
jug
cases
In many
do.
and amphoras
47-51) with
of fabric here can perhaps
retiring.
Fabrics described a
the peculiarity
imported;
be
producing of different Special and that
for whatever
for their
some reason,
of
Amphora,
Form
22107, P1 8981,
Amphora,
P
29234
26855 P2Form 115, 118-120,
Chous 2P13454, 3,5, P14178, P 26520, P29301
P ___]_
28372_ 7724, P
IContainers
TABLE 9. OBJECTS MADE NONSTANDARD OF AND ATYPICAL FABRICS Containers
Fabrics Nonstandard /Atypical Fabrics Shape Imports
I Lekane, Form 3| Hellenistic
mortar, Jug, other 45,
Hellenistic
jug, Form
jug,
P 1 28210, 36,
Basket-handled Trefoil
47-51, 11291 P 46, 74, P 3406, 4Form 72,
Form
1
185, 8111 P Serving dish 191,
75,P6938
82,Amphora, Askos P 83 32666 P1 79,
jug 97,
P 780, P4056,P4059P 255,256,260,263,
30,31,35 4709, Storage
P
P
Storage bin, 161, 158, 1Form P31731 155 135, 136, other 138-140 Storage bin,Form 165-168, 2P P4257 25796 156, 11761 173 bin, 137 I _1_ other
512,
P17024
5 jug, 6, Prim Hellenistic 244 11290, P 29267 Form 41,P16160 water jug, Jug, P8902 P 17086 Hellenistic Form 3 57,P4119, Storage Amphora, 7131-134 I Mushroom jug_ 12_ 9, 11_ Funnel, 1 jug, I 129_ 6_ split squat_7, 8_J Trefoil Form ware Form Form Form 113_ Amphora, small_ jug, blister I 152_ other_ 101-112 Amphora, Lagynos, Lagynos Funnel,
|
205, 199, 206,P14852 203, 200, Krater, variant PForm 229,232,233, 4211 Lekane, 239, 1 227,228 245,246 238, 234, 171,
174_
I
1
98 Hellenistic 178-180_ 3 Miniature Form 144, P33090 pithos_ bin,
Hellenistic Form 3_ 195,193, 196_ 2_ Form mortar, P19179 212, standard P14233 mortar, Krater,
I 181_ mortar_ Classical
175 Pithoslid
194_
251 2Lekane,254 Form
11455, 11454, 8596, P 8415,
P_P 31806_
22131_ Vial_542-544, 311, P
31269,
Radish
Blister-ware 6942, 4048, 4880, P 386-391, aryballos
P 31086,
P 31087_
jar_541,
jug_393, Filter 33312_ P (CONT.) TABLE 9
Containers Containers
8977, 8978, 25684_ unguentarium_ZZZZZZZZZ_396-400, Blister-ware P
Shape Atypical Nonstandard Fabrics /Imports
276,
277, P 4060,
11220
278,
283,
285,
P
4061
_
bowl_306, Small 307, 317, 312, 316, 313, 6336_308,311_ P 280,
Beehive_362, 19783_ 373, 366, P_ 4062, 32142
11911, P 15564_ Beehive 374, cover_370-372, Deep
P 13700, Lekane, P 4057, 527, 5534_P 4036_ other uncertain_286, or bowl_291, Shallow 299_ 296, 292, bowl_289,
28117_ 14263_ZZIZZZZZZ^_ lid/bowl_340, Two-handled 341, P
Domed-mouth unguentarium 487-492_ Other imported 493-524_ unguentaria jug_547 Small 548-551_ one-handled Palestinian amphoriskos_532-540_ 1]| Small handleless 552,553 554 pot
Closed 20514 355, Phandle_ vessel, rope _
Shallow spouted basin_ _325
Fenestrated lid_335, 336_
Miniature storage bin 352
basin_323_321_ Heavy Coin bank_ 349 _ askos_348_ stand 346 Canteen_ Stopper_334_Low 347 _ Fish
353 _ plate_ Jug 356 jar_ Coarse or Pyxis_351_
Kiln support_377, 382_ Blister-ware jug_ 392_ Blister-ware jar_ _ 395
Kantharos_350, 6348_ P
Lid_ 329 530, Miniature 526, 531_ amphora_525,
36
FABRICS
COOKING
FABRICS
Cooking vessels inventoried at the Agora number 419, nearly half of which can be placed in a well-defined fabric group. The proportional of the various cooking fabrics, representation both local and imported, is laid out in Chart 2. Close to a third of the inventoried vessels are made of one of three fabrics that are probably local (Classical, Micaceous, and Schist cooking an are Attic additional and therefore well be local, although 35% fabrics); may shapes typical their judged
not
could
fabrics
on
imported,
be
characterized.
the basis
The
of unusual
about
remainder,
fabric
and/or
a third The
shape.
of
10. DISTRIBUTION
Classical I Shape
Micaceous
IN DIFFERENT
SHAPES
OF COOKING-WARE
Schist
Quartz
of shapes
FABRICS
Gritty Slate
Lopas 5
of
representation
fabric groups is illustrated in Chart 3; the distribution fabrics within characterized over these fabric groups is summarized in Table 10 and Chart 5 (pp. 52-53).
TABLE
are best
the whole,
relative
Pan 1
Ochre
Serving dish x x
1 x
Form
Chytra,
Form 2I Chytra, Form
3 x
Chytra,
Form
4
Chytra,
Form
5 xxx
Chytra,
I
Form
1
x
Form
2
^
Form
3
xx
Lopas, Form 4
^
Lopas,
I
I x
x
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
x
^
x
Form 5I Lopas, Parcher
I
x
xx
Other globular chytrai Chytra, Form 10 x
Lopas,
I
I
I
I
I
x
Form 6I Chytra,
Lopas,
I x
I
I x
I
I
I
x
x
x
Pan,Form 1 ^
x
Pan,
Form
2 x
Pan,
Form
4
x
Pan,
Form
5
xx
Pan,
Form
6
x
I x
Form 7I Pan, Pan,
other
Lid, Form 1
I
I
I
I
I
^
x
J |_ Lid, Form 2 x ? I_ Lid, Form 3 x J_ Lid, Form 4 x I_
x
Lid, Form 5 I |_| Lid, Form 6 L Brazier, moldmade
supports
Brazier, plain supports_|
Steamer J |_| Relief fragment_
|_
x
|
L_J_ x
I x
x
|
x
|_
|_
|_| ? |_|_|_|_|
|_
x
I
I
COOKING CHART
FABRICS
2. COOKING
FABRICS
37 IN THE
REPRESENTED
INVENTORY
Classical
r
3% Micaceous
Unclassified,/
Schist
\
j \j
perhaps local/
17?/?
L/
Unclassified
|
imports 20%
2% l Other classified
-
imports 3%
Notes 1. N
= 419. = vessels to Classical Local? (2), Mica tentatively assigned ceous (2), or Schist (25) fabric groups. = ochre classified 3. Other (3), Slate (4), and Gritty imports
2.
Pan 1 fabric (6).
= vessels of unknown fabrics Unclassified judged imports on the basis of fabric to be and/or shape. imported = local vessels of unknown fabrics but 5. Unclassified, perhaps that mark them as characteristics of shape or fabric lacking
4.
imported.
CHART
3. RELATIVE COOKING
OF CHARACTERIZED
REPRESENTATION FABRICS
IN THE
INVENTORY
Gritty ochre 2%
Quartz
24%/\
j/
^^^_ Notes 1. N
= 162. certain
2. Only
identifications
Schist
_^/
of
45%
fabric
are
included.
38 TABLE
11. VESSELS
FABRICS
MADE
OF CLASSICAL
COOKING
Shape Catalogue No. 198, 201,
Serving dish_197, Chytra, Form 1 Chytra, Form 5
625 636, 638
676
202
cf____________N
CD
\ 1! 625
Illustration
Cooking
202_
595
^___r
Classical
Uncertain Examples P 2225, P 2226
555, 557, 558
Other globular chytrai Lopas, Form 1 Parcher
FABRIC
555 595 ^-****^
^-?Lm^
CD
638 ^_ 676
\?J?-^
9. Shapes
Fabric
made
in Classical
cooking
fabric
(scale
1:8)
(Table 11, 111.9)
Twelve or possibly 14 Hellenistic vessels are made of a cooking fabric typical of 4th-century Athens. It is fine and well levigated, smooth to the touch and quite unlike the gritty cooking fabrics of the Hellenistic period. It always fires red (most often 5YR 6/6 or 2.5YR 6/6), and are inclusions sparkling and include medium sparse
are Other inclusions always present, though rarely abundant. coarse to translucent and medium white Often dull bits. gray are many there white altered inclusions, voids, frequently containing apparently feldspars. a thin wash of orange The carries exterior often brown the purpose or, occasionally, gloss, was to decrease in of which fabric was analyzed The Farnsworth porosity.26 probably by Marie wares of Classical of a study of the domestic Athens.27 She found the context that, although fine
in color and appearance from earlier cooking fabrics, the 4th-century fabric is to similar with the typically Attic inclusions of schist, quartzite, quartz, them, mineralogically different feldspar,
and mica.
This fabric is limited to Late Classical forms: the chytra forms inherited from the Classical period (Forms 1 and 5), the Form 1 lopas, the parcher, and the serving dish. Most examples come from deposits laid down before ca. 290, and it is probable that this fabric was not em ployed beyond the end of the 4th century. 26. Cf. and
upper
the coating of cooking pots exterior potters by Kalinga
with (Skibo
resin
in the
1992,
inside
p. 62).
27. Farnsworth
1964,
pp.
225,
226-227,
under
nos.
7-9.
39
FABRICS
COOKING
TABLE 12. VESSELS MADE OF MICACEOUS AND SCHIST COOKING FABRICS Uncertain
Uncertain
Schist FabricExamples
Micaceous Fabric Shape
Examples Chytra, Form 1 561,563,571, P 18876
P 10719,
559,562, 564, 565, _567_
Form
Chytra,
580_
2_579,
Form 3
Chytra, Chytra, Form Chytra, Form 6
581, 582, 584, 586, P 4043, T387
598,
5_P6338_597,
601, 603_
604
Other globular chytrai Chytra, Form
621 10
and
627, 629, 631, 633
626,
variant Form
Lopas,
639
2
Lopas, Form 3 and variant Lopas, Form Parcher_678_ Pan, Form
642
641,
647, 648, 653, 654, 657
644,
4
667,
2 4
Pan, Form 5
693, P 6347_697
691
other
Lid,
690
694 Pan,
Pan, Form 7
688
[687],
Pan, Form
Form
33053
1_680_
Pan, Form
Pan,
646, 656, 658
P
Form 6 706 703,705
708 712
1_715
Lid, Form
P 6342, 717,718,720-722, P 7779, P 7780, P 8426, P16163
2 _
Lid, Form 3
719
727 4
Lid, Form Lid, Form 6 and variant
730
728,
737-739 moldmade
Brazier,
777-779,781-792,795,
780,793,
supports MC 1317, P159, P 207, P 1583, P 1808, P 8130, P 11895, P 14365, _P
Brazier, plain
815,
support
Steamer
794,796
31390_
817,
816, 818
822, [P 22199c]
836
Relief fragment
842, 843
in brackets
Numbers
Micaceous
and
indicate
that vessel
Schist
is
incomplete,
Cooking
the
form
uncertain.
Fabrics
(Table 12, Ills. 10-12)
Classical cooking fabric was replaced around the turn of the 4th to the 3rd centuries by a series of grainier fabrics, most of them with high concentrations of sparkling inclusions. It is to two are that well groups possible identify relatively represented at the Agora. Since chemi cal and together
petrographic here.
analysis
has
indicated
that
they
are
closely
related,
they
are
presented
40
^-J-^P6338
FABRICS
^
^?"T
717
^^
C.
V____]-'641
10.
Illustration
The first, dubbed Micaceous finer
of
two and
the
been smoothed. usually no doubt, of because
red (2.5YR 4/6, on
the
and
repeated most
distinctive
Sixteen
vessels
sharing
in the break; features
are
of
by very also visible,
foliate
a
are
its fine of mica
but
particles not abundant: or
exterior
grayish
surface
has
variation, partly, tan to brown to
10YR 6/2,
2.5YR 6/6,
(sometimes green were identified,
grits characteristics
the
is the
inclusions,
sparkling
is from
the fabric fine
Z_J^^
grainy, is considerable there
10R 5/6,
693
(sctf/? 2.c?j
but
red, but to fire; the range
created
these
fabric
its abundant
is somewhat
fires
exposure
apparently inclusions Other, larger to coarse and medium
black
often
5/8 or 5YR 3/3
5/6,
The surface). of its surface,
sparkle materials.
ware
The
texture
The
I
cooking
cooking fabric from
hard.
fairly
in Micaceous
made
Shapes
^^~~T??0 I-.-^
et al.
5/3
and the extreme grain and other reflective medium
shiny
white
pink). two more
with
along
that
probably also belong to the group; the fabric was also easy to pick out among the context pottery. The most commonly occurring shape is a low lid (Form 2) with shallow concentric on
burnishing
a
associated; decoration
of Form
chytra
843)
(842,
There
may
5; and also
elaborate
large
concentrations
knob.
All
also
be
pans of this ware.
around
of Form
lopades
with which
of Forms
fabric is B 19:8, which was deposited usually
are
in the context pottery),
encountered
quently
surface.
the upper
5 and The
3
earliest
290; it contained
with
is limited
unusual
fragments context for Micaceous
be
relief cooking
720, a Form 2 lid with an un of
of 3rd-century
215. It seems likely, then, that this ware
fre
this form of lid should probably 7. Two
in which certain the deposits examples were most and material, deposited
of
were
(fragments
occur
the ware between
ca. 275
have and
to the 3rd century.
was also identified: Schist cooking fabric, cooking a coarser to so called medium This is from its characteristic abundant, fabric, with temper. or rock clearly visible on the surface, foliate of silvery-greenish coarse, pinkish particles angular a amounts and of finer white of translucent Smaller the ware appearance. speckled giving were in break the the is usually The surface also noted. dull gray inclusions salmon-colored; A
second
Munsell with
and much
readings
a
grainy vessels enty-two
or
more
are usually 2.5YR 4/6, sometimes
could
fabric
abundant
gritty
be placed
4/8,
5/6,
feel; occasionally in this group, along
to hard,
5/8. The fabric ismedium-hard the
surface
with
25
has
been
less certain
Sev
wet-smoothed.
including
examples,
two (559, 562) that seemed to lie somewhere between Schist cooking fabric and Micaceous or probably of this fabric, that is, cooking fabric. This makes a total of 97 vessels definitely over 23% of the inventoried cooking vessels in the collection. Most of the common cooking forms
are
represented:
chytrai
Forms 2 and 4; the parcher lid forms
except
for Form
of Forms
1-3,
5, 6, and
10;
lopades
of Form
and pans of Forms 2, 4, 5, 6, and perhaps 5; and
braziers.
This
and
the
large
numbers
3 and
perhaps
1; probably in which
of
all of the
the fabric
is
COOKING
_ _ sy 563
V_I
^?-J-^
579
(^^--.L-^-^^6263
?*
^==^=Z-_L
582^_]mm*^
^_I?^
(\
L-z.-.---.-^V RR7
697
C TM
i i.
Illustration
range
suggest
contexts, were found
and
represent
Shapes
made
period,
(678) and two less certainly seven in later
more
from
\-1_/691
\_I_'706
deposits
an
earlier
and
/'
>/
\
in Schist
cooking
fabric
but
they
are most
identified later
and Schist cooking version
(scale
of what
1:8)
The dates of these objects
common
after
ca. 200. One
cer
(559, 639) come from Early Hellenistic in the
laid down
later
836
fabric is a local material.
deposits or can be dated
similarities between Micaceous they
783
^?
that Schist cooking
the Hellenistic
throughout
tain example
657
-4 I WL 817_
Wrf
represented
cH7
)
V
I_=X
601
// Vl633
X
Y
678
41
FABRICS
on
late
the basis
3rd of
The remainder century. In view of the their forms.
it is possible
fabrics discussed
below,
is essentially
same material.
the
that
42
FABRICS
I 621
(
639
^^_L==-.=--^^
"r^j' 658
^-1.?y
^ ^
\
Illustration
12.
? ?^
1
Shapes
perhaps
667
A
ftftn
made
in Schist
cooking
fabric (scale 1:8)
cooking fab Samples of both of these fabrics, as well as of a third fabric (like Micaceous ric but with fewer sparkling inclusions and labeled Cooking fabric 328) were collected from the
among
addition, one sample
context
to neutron activation and pottery subjected were examined fabric of Schist cooking fabric were of Micaceous and Schist cooking
six braziers each
A). analysis (Appendix in thin section by Vaughan, with
investigated
In
the Raman
laser (Appendix C), and Stoltman did an additional petrographic study of four samples of Schist cooking fabric along with single samples of Micaceous cooking fabric and Cooking fabric 3 (Appendix D). Itwas hoped, through such analyses, to throw light on the relation ship
these
among
and
materials,
also
to test
the hypothesis
that
they
are
local,
Attic
fabrics.
The Raman laser identified both crystalline and poorly crystalline quartz in both Micaceous and and Schist cooking fabrics, but it also revealed differences. Feldspar (albite), muscovite two unidentified caceous
fabric;
28. Cooking there pottery;
fabric are no
micas, in Schist
3 was
were and hematite anhydrite, epidote, fabric there was only one type of mica, the context only among of this fabric. objects
identified
inventoried
found along
in the with
sample
hematite,
of Mi rutile,
FABRICS
COOKING and
Stoltman's
apatite.
found
analysis
petrographic
them in two groups on the basis of proportions of
proportions
silt,
and
sand,
clay matrix
43
similar
of temper the paste.
within
in all samples,
temper
to matrix One
but
placed
in the body, and of the
group,
31%-33%
containing
temper, included two samples of Schist cooking fabric and the sample of Cooking fabric 3; the other, with 18%-20% temper, embraced the other two samples of Schist cooking fabric and
the
of Micaceous
sample
fabric.
cooking
certain and one probable sample of Schist cooking fabric, five of Micaceous cooking fabric, and six of Cooking fabric 3 were submitted for neutron activation analysis. The INAA study sorted these samples into two groups that could be distinguished by principal com Nine
ponents, examples Micaceous
the Schist cooking four
fabric,
cooking
three
fabric,
cooking
fabric 3 (henceforth
to one
close
lay very
they
although of Schist
another.
One
of Micaceous
of Cooking
samples
the other
the
certain
Cooking
two samples of
contained
3, and
fabric
all
two of
and
fabric,
cooking
fabric group);
contained
group
the uncertain
of
example
Schist cooking fabric (henceforth the Micaceous cooking fabric group). My solution to this conundrum has been to discard Cooking fabric 3 as a separate category; it is far less distinc tive to the eye and could not be identified among any of the inventoried objects (all samples were
context
from
These combined the distribution with of the factors, material). samples use as a in two groups, militate its Of the against helpful category. classificatory remaining it seems there are some chemical differences of the between that, although groups, samples an Micaceous and Schist not examination is to infallible distin groups, macroscopic guide between them. it is almost to Schist guishing always Apparently possible recognize cooking some fabric with the naked but look that like Micaceous fabric eye, samples cooking actually
belong to the Schist fabric group. INAA revealed that both the Schist and the Micaceous transition
metals a difference
indicate
in the Micaceous concentrations fabric (Sc, V, and Co); higher are not in paste but to marked recipe, suggest sufficiently
origin for the two fabrics. INAA also revealed another fabric
have
groups
household may
to differences
nor was from The
thus not
it able
samples (< 2 mm) large
fell
to rule
able
distinctive
of calcium.
feature?that
This
is in
in this study (Pink temper and Hellenistic in the
to point
Vaughan's
low concentrations
remarkably
wares analyzed
point INAA was
fabric groups
cooking
to any
petrographic into two fragments
of vessels
engineering out an Attic
source source.
alternative
for different
for Micaceous The
best
both of these
water-jug
and
group may a different
contrast
sharp
household
are rich in
to the
fabrics),
and
tasks.
Schist
fabrics, cooking came of provenience braziers formed the basis.
indications
six from study, for which samples related both fabrics with abundant, groups, closely metamorphic of Attic with and sericite deriv schists, muscovite, quartz, along
ing from the schists. The two were differentiated by evidence of shearing in rock fragments of one group (designated "group 1": 779, MC 1317, P 31390), and by the lack of shearing and presence of micaceous P 8130).29 These observations its abundance and, along with
is the typical Attic cooking Quartz
Cooking
in the other shale (muscovite) are consistent an Attic with in the Agora
corpus,
fabric of the Hellenistic
Fabric
la": 782, 788, "group Schist fabric, cooking a that this argument strong
(designated source for
they provide
period.30
(Table 13)
This
fabric is found at the Agora in brazier; itmay be only a single shape, the Hellenistic in 35 certain two and in the The matrix is hard and recognized probable examples corpus.
29. Vaughan 1998. Schist fabric is apparently cooking Didelot's fabric of "type attique" (Didelot 30.
the
same
1997,
p.
as Odile 382 with
n. 22). Publication of the results this ware by M. Picon is awaited
of X-ray (Didelot
fluorescence 1997,
analysis of n. 14).
p. 380,
44 13. IMPORTED
TABLE
FABRICS
COOKING
Quartz Fabric Shape Chytra, Form 3 IChytra, Form 4 and
MADE
VESSELS
Lopas 5 Fabric
OF VARIOUS
FABRICS
Gritty Ochre Fabric
Slate Fabric
I
Pan 1Fabric
588 587 | [591 589,594
variant
Other I globular chytrai !
I 624
Form
Lopas,
4
664,
668,
665,
| P 17044, | Lopas, Form
20994 _P 669,670,671?
5 Form
Pan,
1
Pan, Form
679,
681, 682, P16397 _ 685
2_[684],
Lid, Form 5
732,733, P11683
moldmade
Brazier,
773-776,
754-771,
746-752,
I P 5542, P 5662,P 6884, I
supports
P 10635, P 12188, P 17561, P 22816, P 23804, P 26865, _ P 28400, 753?, 772?_!
j I
837 |Steamer| _| j_'_j in brackets
Numbers
the
is incomplete,
that vessel
indicate
form
uncertain.
or salmon in a fresh break (most commonly 2.5YR gritty, usually a uniform bright orange as well (also 2.5YR 5/6). Unless darkened by fire, the surface is typically orange/salmon 5/6); sometimes a dusty rose (ca. 10R 5/6) or ochre (7.5YR 6/6) may be observed. In a few are Inclusions darkened it had been large deliberately. though 1-3 mm in size from of and abundant, mineral, translucent, ranging angular pieces primarily a red inclu to gray to smoky. Occasionally to amber from white and in color (> 3 mm) large mica is fairly abundant be detected. Golden sion may (sometimes very abundant), ranging a of across. concentration ca. 1 mm have Some to flakes from greater examples tiny points cases
inclusions.
dull white Six
objects
amined
micas'),
fragments." "much
more
remaining." clays of the
31. Vaughan
vitric
were
description
whose
report
I quote
(designated
below.31
for The
appear
samples
"group 2a" and "group 2b"). The first
fabric group with
altered, that
the
evidence very little visible the same two may have had
been
apparently
of this same fabric but with uniformly
were
also
more
analyzed.
exposed Two
2a (749, 751), but two are sufficiently
the
clays
of biotite
(the rock
igneous
(2b: 746, 754, P 28400) were found of
and
turned
different
hence
out
were
to be
the vitric
glass
rocks,
parent more weathered.
and perhaps similar
to be placed
to
(2a: 757,
that
vitric
in the second
ex
and study to belong
petrographic
suggested had group
surfaces
1998.
selected
in the groundmass, shards suggesting glass fresh and tuffs. In addition, grains large "relatively are present, occasional with and quartz feldspar
and
weathered
darkened
to group
abundant
plagioclase
Vaughan second
this
subgroups
Inclusions
samples of braziers ately
from
related
includes 774) from derived
'gold
to
answering
by Vaughan,
two closely 766, used
as
is gray,
surface
the
to be shards
but
that Four
deliber
in composition
in another
category,
a much 3.32 Although group to any definite conclusions, objects,
their
that
and
more
origins,
extensive that
it appears if not
45
FABRICS
COOKING
of analysis program is a fair amount there
identical,
in the
all be
may
to come
be necessary
would
of uniformity same general
these
among area,
in a
and
place whose geological history includes volcanic activity. Odile Didelot, who is preparing a study of the braziers found on Delos and those in the Epigraphical Museum of Athens, de scribes a fabric rich in volcanic rock, quartz, and golden mica (her type egeen), which she has is under
arguments
and Myndos, the latter.34
of
or
fabric
two
of the
casseroles
eight
a distinctive
cannot
that
is
come the objects from Knidos. More Mustafa recently,
has
?ahin
presented
(Table 13, 111.13)
Fabric
5 Cooking
Seven
that
and which
Mediterranean,33 the basis of preliminary
On
concludes
Kos,
in favor
the same probably analysis by X-ray fluorescence a volcanic in region, possibly
eastern
the here.
discussion she
Picon, by Maurice the area between
Lopas
all over
in braziers
recognized fabric that
be
Forms
related
closely certainly
4 and
5, along with other objects
in any
recognized
three
lids,
in the
corpus.
share It
is fine but slightly gritty, normally dark gray on the outer surface but ochre to salmon pink or even red on the inside (there is great variety: 10R 5/6, 6/6; 2.5YR 6/6; 5YR 5/3, 6/4, 6/6, 7/4; 7.5YR 5/4, 7/6; 10YR 5/4, 6/4, 6/6, 7/4). The most common values recorded for the break are 5YR 5/6, 6/6 and 10YR 5/4, 6/4. Inclusions are fairly abundant, most characteristi or white of occur black inclusions mineral; shiny prisms gray/amber/smoky surface is from the of the but there very sparkly, partly occasionally. planes shiny mineral, are also occasional come flecks of golden mica. The earliest from deposits laid down examples elongated
cally
The
170 (668, P 17044 from the lower fill of B 20:2); all but one of the remainder
around discarded
the
before
end
of
the
2nd
The
century.35
of
presence
this ware
in Athens,
were is
then,
limited to the 2nd century. The
of
restriction
this ware the
appearance, especially esis is by both supported
to a small
inclusion
number
of golden activation
neutron
of forms mica, analysis
a limited
and
span of time, and its that it is not Attic. This hypoth suggest and petrographic examination. Nine
samples of the ware were analyzed by INAA (Appendix A), and they could be distinguished clearly from the other cooking fabrics by their higher content of Th, Cs, and Sb, as well as other
elements.
appear the BNL
The
to indicate database,
differences a different further
are source.
indicating
too
of Attic
origin rock
and
contained
trachyte. sand, and matrix 87% of the paste area, silt,
The
micaceous
by clay formula no finds parallel
explained merely thorium concentration
high a non-Attic
A single sample of Lopas 5 cooking (Appendix D). In contrast to the other volcanic
to be
great
The
in
source.
fabric was examined petrographically 12 samples he examined (all of which the Lopas quartzite temper), stands from the others apart mineral smaller than (clay
also sample in its paste: matrix to between in contrast
and
and
by Stoltman are probably
5 sample contains in the proportions
the
accounts
for
silt
size)
of
in the other
A nonlocal samples. is suggested for this ware. The are forms in source, in then, distinctive lopas question shape a and can be at of sites in mainland the Aegean, Asia Minor, and Greece, recognized variety 32.
" subhedral occasional rounded
has a fine-grained with larger silty groundmass fresh grains of quartz, relatively plagioclase feldspar, hornblende and clinopyroxene. Smaller biotite,
[P 10635]
of altered
basic
rare rock fragments; igneous chert. over too dis Igneous clays developed silty terrain not . . . [748] tant from the parent rock deposit. is very similar to more with basic a few rock [P 10635], fragments, exhibiting grains
95%
what
99%
appears 33. Didelot
to be
trachytic
texture"
p. 381, with pp. 58-68.
1997,
n.
(Vaughan 15.
1998).
34. ?ahin 2003, 35. The exception comes from a deposit contain (P 11683) from ca. 100 to 50 B.C. (M-N 18:1); it could ing material ranging than 100. easily date a little earlier
46
FABRICS
= = =
^"^-L
='-665
668
^^-.-.L**^
- \s^"^^
^"^-
Illustration
13. Shapes
5, p.
(see Map
185)
,36The
were
shapes
10 cm
__=____
made
in
_.
5
Lopas
fabric (scale 1:8)
cooking
Palestine
670
sometimes
as
in local wares,
copied
cer
they
of the (see p. 184), so distribution of the shapes, without confirmation tainly were inAthens fabric, is only a limited pointer. Copying, however, implies familiarity with the original, and if they have not been that, even sites in question. This distribution or the southern Levant. Minor
discovered,
suggests on the Asia
suggests
imported an eastern
were
examples origin,
once on
possibly
the
present coast of
Two other fabrics, Slate cooking fabric and Gritty ochre cooking fabric, each represented in only a few examples, share some characteristics of Lopas 5 cooking fabric. Although they are here.
in
present Neither
Slate
only was
subjected
they chemical
are
to warrant
distinctive
sufficiently or
description
analysis.
petrological
(Table 13, 111.14)
a steamer
and
chytrai
numbers, to any
Fabric
Cooking
Three
small
a hard,
share
fabric
fine
that
or
is smooth
only
grainy
slightly
to the touch. The body and inner surface are red or light red (10R 6/6, 2.5YR 6/6) but the exterior is (deliberately?) darkened to gray or reddish gray, a feature reminiscent of vessels of 5 cooking Lopas to high number
temperature a red
examples
36. Ephesos,
rims
Corinth, Dor,
circle
stacking
on
come from deposits
is a somewhat offset
to produce
high enough
Delos, Tel Anafa,
forms,
Demetrias, Ashdod,
clear
ones.
partial vitrification an unusual
Two
gray
reflective
pieces
among
or amber have
of the surface feature
slate. A moderate
been
(624, 837); cooking
pots.
bits fired
Paphos, not
(definitely
Stobi, in this
share
fabric),
certain relationship
perhaps
and, at a
they also All
primarily of the second half of the 2nd century. Although Their
of
planes
can be identified. Other
translucent
medium,
translucent
the underside,
Knossos, Marisa
present,
of a fine-grained some along with
pieces of golden mica
include
its members group, and fancy handles.
miscellaneous of various
are
flecks; occasional but
that
resembles
inclusions
sparkling
very distinctive, coarse of 588, and pink
case
thus
surface
are not
inclusions
have
of fine
The
size, probably mica
medium in the
fabric.
four
this
a thin wall, features: formal to fabric 5 cooking Lopas
Samaria.
See
comparanda
listed
on p.
183.
47
FABRICS
COOKING
"
591
II
\/
^^J__^^588
624
^--J_^*
Illustration
837
l=-1_^
in Slate cooking
14. Shapes made
fabric (scale 1:8)
is suggested by the darkened exterior, and by similarity to the fabric of 664, a small Form 4 lopas that falls at the finer end of the range of that fabric. Ochre
Gritty
(Table 13, 111.15)
Fabric
Cooking
Only three pieces, all of them chytrai of unusual design, can be associated with this group. The is porous and lightweight, but surprisingly hard (medium hard), with a very gritty material Inclusions are abundant and feel, and ochre or orange in color (5YR 6/6 is the best match). obvious: yellow
primarily
with
mineral,
to coarse,
medium much
and rectangular a few mica and sparkle
fine
usually specks.
elongated, shiny brown, some In one case (594)
gray or coarse
to very coarse dull white and dark red inclusions can be detected. All three examples come from deposits of the second quarter of the 2nd century. 587 and 589 were found together at the bottom of well Q 12:1. Although the forms are different, both have a baggy profile and a vertical rim. 594 is similar in shape to 587, but much larger, with a different handle design. Uninventoried
of another
fragments features suggest
Certain
some
chytra
were
found
between
relationship
with
it.
this fabric
and
both
Lopas
5 cooking
fabric and Slate cooking fabric. Like Lopas 5 fabric, it has shiny brown inclusions; the com parison is particularly close with the fabric of a Form 5 lid (P 11683) in Lopas 5 fabric. The three
of Gritty
vessels
ochre
cooking
fabric
share
a number
of
formal
features
with
vessels
made of Slate cooking fabric. Vessels in both groups have fancy handles (double or rope) and offset or vertical rims. 587 of Gritty ochre fabric and 588 of Slate fabric have a raised disk on
the underside.
the bottoms Pan This
And
stacking
of examples
i Cooking imported
circles?generally
in each group
Fabric
instances
were
clusively
in pans of Forms
noted
among
in
cooking
vessels?occur
on
(594, 624, 837).
(Phocaean?)
fabric is represented
uncommon
(Table 13, 111. 16)
by only six inventoried
the uninventoried
1 and 2, distinguished
pottery
of
examples, the
deposit
although many more sample.
It occurs
ex
by a thick, slab floor, sloping walls, and (for
48
FABRICS
\
/
\^=W^587
/
^-~^4
\
cm
10
^^J?^589
Illustration
in
made
15. Shapes
Gritty
ochre
cooking
fabric
(scale 1:8)
1 \m*684
\_I
10 cm 16.
Illustration
Shapes
made
in Pan
1
fabric (scale 1:8)
cooking
Form 1) two handles attached to the rim; half of the inventoried vessels of these two shapes are made of this fabric. The surface is hard and very grainy, and the body has usually fired reddish brown or brown (5YR 5/4, 6/3; 10YR 5/2, 5/3, 6/2; 7.5YR 4/3), but sometimes are the thick walls the in and characteristics The most distinctive (5YR 4/2). gray or gray to very coarse, medium amber, along with crystals, shiny brown, elongated, are to in 5 cooking inclusions the similar The inclusions. white occasional Lopas shiny grits I suspect that the two wares may be related. fabric, though larger, and Mediterranean the eastern known is well The characteristic (see pan throughout shape
pinkish clusions:
pp. 188-190), at
the Agora, and Paphos, area that
may and which
though, Berenike,
of Pergamon.37 area as a manufacturer versions
publication
of
at Isthmia the details
and
the query from the geographical 37. writing century
Slane of no. a.d.;
1986,
p. 312,
n.
Beirut fabric
the
(Corinth). Paphos a pan of the bottomrl, 118, fig.
40,
"Aegean" Slane speculates
to a Phocaean will
be necessary,
not of this fabric. What we have fabrics
noted
in pans emanated
have may coast of Asia
Minor,
at Corinth, from has
the
revealed
and
period, series as well.38 however,
assigns John Hayes Further description we can remove before
epithet.
76
1, fig. XXVIII, note also no. 2, p.
the
on the at Phocaea, in the Roman pans
similar
of
as
Kathleen of kilns
of
are probably
examples same
the
be
Excavation
Hellenistic and
all published
though
a pan
of
III, p. 80, 1st to 2nd the deep
called Fabric A, again ware 239, p. cooking imported 38. Hayes 2000, p. 292, fig.
brown
"Aegean" (p. 78). A (Berenike). 18.
Riley
1979,
RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONSHIPS The
similarities
fabrics are sufficient
Schist cooking a
source, single also revealed
analysis
fabrics
strengthening not similarities, only
all contain
fabrics: Micaceous
was
only 87. Finally, in Pink temper In short, every
inclusions
pearance. fabrics. This, argument But there and
added
are
that
they were also
lower
the Raman and
that
fabrics. in calcium
differing
the
cooking of 25.2%) than
an average two observations
among
suggest
requirements
are
cooking,
local.
but
also
where
found
some
occur
at Athens,
National
Laboratory.
contained
the household in which
ways of household
fabrics,
dissimilar
similarities lends
most
Stoltman's
a
percentage higher wares with (5%-16%, were
potters and cooking
engineering vessels.
point of
of matrix one
clearly the percentage of similar list of mineral
between notably Neutron activation that the cooking showed analysis than any of the household the Attic wares, including
wares
the
between
in all of them, the percentage to the contrast is in marked
fabric), (Lopas cooking a laser analysis revealed closely their markedly cooking fabrics?despite
these
Stoltman's
Schist cooking, Pink temper, and Pinkish
5
local in origin. differences among
ied earlier by the Brookhaven showed
Schist
significant of Micaceous and
chemistry
that they argument the wares, cooking
analytical technique employed to the in numbers which large they
the household
markedly
the
Furthermore, temper. same This (95%-99%). examined
some
revealed
that the two are closely related and probably
similar
to the in the paste is close exotic that Stoltman sample matrix
to suggest
49
LOCAL FABRICS
AMONG
thereby
cooking and household buff
FABRICS
were to which the local fabrics analyses subjected in the bulk them. Similarities and differences among
various
from
LOCAL
AMONG
ap these
among weight
to the
the
cooking wares were stud
groups
count of the clay body
temper
an average fabrics
(18%-33%, of 10.3%). differently
with These for
the
50
Pinkish
FABRICS
buff fabric
_1_2
Pink temper
3_1_2
Hellenistic water f3t>rjc 2
fabric juq 3_1
.ra_
Mushroom
i_==
jug
)
Jug 2 r ; k
_)
Basket-handled
/~\
/^
waterjug
0
?
N. /~~
tD
\
\ \ _/J\ J
Lagynos J I
Hydria r^T
Amphora2
i
^?H
Amphora3
Amphora6
*
\
AW
V~ Q
) ]
( J
Funnel 1
/
^=|
^^S
S
_,_1/_17_ Funnel 2 ^/"^
Otherfunnels V
J
\\/ 10
fi^_f Chart
4 (a^oveand opposite).Overview
of household water-jug
cm ?
shapes in Pinkish buff, Pink temper, and Hellenistic fabrics
Pinkish buff fabric
Pink temper fabric 2
_1_3_1_2_3_1
Storage bin
11
Other storage bin
Fragments ^=TV
|
/
V*?
- ?
__
/^^^
/*
Krater, variant
Lekane
2 \Z^/
Lekane
3 variant
Lekane 4
\
/
"^
Lekane 4, ? decorated rim
7^
J /
\7?
Other small bowls
^\J
\/ T^^T /
\ ^p=i?y
_ p^^-r.y\
spouted
basin
_^_A_ Fenestrated lid lid/bowl
/
^^^m^m^^^^mmJ
basin (If \ Deepspouted
^ ^7
yfp^ ^^v gK
T^^g)
Low stand
Potter's wheel
/^^T
^-^ ^7 ^
^-^
basin
Two-handled
P^\~\ 7*
I
%
Shallow bowl
Shallow
^\
\
Deepbowl
Heavy
\Z__>'
cth
10 cm ? llllOJWJJ
r.1
/
I I
IHellenistic
water
jug fabrjC
FABRICS
52
Schist fabric
Micaceous fabric
Classical fabric
Schist fabric?
Lopas 5 fabric
_| Serving dish
^
1 Chytra
|
|_I
Slate fabric
\^~
Q) fj) j
2 Chytra j
|jS 3 Chytra fT\Ti\ fY)
Chytra
4
Chytra
4
variant
)
(1
A
Fn
( y
Chytra 6 pp?
0ther 2-handled ^ | globular
^=TO X.I
n^
~~Z )_|
F J^?^
\_
fi?fi
10 Chytra M )
10 Chytra p^j ^j variant v / Lopas 1
^^?
Lopas2
I
Y 3
Lopas variant
j
^3Z7 Lopas
^
Vi
/
3ct-j
V-f^
Lopas4 T3U raf? Lopas 4
HLJ^
| variant_ Lopas Chart
5 (above
and
opposite).
Overview
of
cooking
shapes
5
X^-L^/
in characterized
10 cm
fabrics
?
Gritty ?chre
| fabric |
RELATIONSHIPS
Micaceous fabric
Classical fabric Parcher
^y~T3^'
AMONG
Schist fabric
2
i
^se^j.
Pan 6
\
Pan 7
>
Other
] ^ww
pan
\
:
Pan4 I^--^i
I
Schist fabric?
53
FABRICS
Quartz fabric
Lopas 5 fabric
Slate fabric
Pan 1 fabric
LL]
iocm_
'v
;
Pan
Pan5
LOCAL
I_/
'
f
i i
i i 0^ ^=^
Lid1 ^ Lid2 ^^
^-t-N Lid
Lid
4
^y-^
3_-=*=-_~^^[_
|_
Lid
5
;
Lid6
~*~
^-T^
" ]
,
Brazier, ...
' jjJJ V ^Js I
moldmade ' support | li-U
Brazier,
,
plain
I
j r\ip^
I
j
-rj
support
) jSteamer
j |VI/
A :
j
3
DESCRIPTIVE
AND
OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
DECORATION all of
Almost
wheel.
This
the
clay body.
gives A
terns
painted and
in
on
gloss
appliques were applied liberally (see pp. 200-213). The most applied to Attic household ware, however, consists of simple pat
the
surface.
self-slipped on amphoras
and
bins
storage
have
or
and hand-tooled moldmade common kind of decoration kraters
here
presented
a wet
with
smoothed
a
was that is, the surface surface; self-slipped on after the vessel had formed the been hand, chamois, sponge fully a smoother a texture the surface and sometimes color than slightly lighter as well. Most are the braziers, few shapes have decoration elaborate where
the vessels
This
7, on
of Form
on almost appears of the lids (e.g., 331,
decoration some
all
the
which
may go with the storage bins), on the single hydria (100), and occasionally on the chous (3, 4) and the lekane of Form 1 (238, 244). It occurs also on pieces that are probably imported, e.g., an amphora of Form 2 (118) and a small askos (348). The designs are those popular the
throughout
ceramic
of
repertoire
the Hellenistic
most
period:
commonly
ivy garlands,
more
(155), or myrtle (210) or olive sprays (207). Simple wavy lines (e.g., rarely grapevines in the 2nd century. Sloppy swirls and swags decorate the 160, 221-225) gained popularity are two a the interiors of and lekanai decorated with crude flower single hydria (100), design and an asterisk, respectively rim (228) (238, 244). Only one piece, a krater with a molded
an ismore in a scheme that imitates the decora decorated, possibly import, elaborately a lotus tion of ware: on the with bows below, white-ground swags lagynos calyx stippled large a on the shoulder, an on and the neck. horizontal body, running spiral ivy garland Simple and
bands of gloss are typical for other Attic shapes: the small pelike (amphora, Form 4: 125,126) and the large funnel with projecting rim (Form 1: 141-145). They also occur on imported the trefoil mushroom canteen and (6), split-rim pieces: (347). Polychromy is jug jugs (9-12), rare.
Two
The
or
bins
storage
(167, 168); two different
gloss ently with
small
of
local manufacture.
gloss most
bands,
enlivens examples,
striking
pyxides,
of
both
them
combine
imported,
black
colors may also have been used on a banded
The
use
two
storage
of white
however,
bins are
paint,
designs
orange
lid (330) appar
on
the gloss or alternating them of local manufacture.
overpainted one of 173),
(159, the painted
and
on
the
large,
pseudo-Cypriot
(396, 398) and vessels that imitate them (402, 403), where red, black, and white amphoras are combined in a colorful scheme of lilies and horizontal banding. White and, in the 3rd dark century, continuation The
red of
common
or this
bands purple tradition.
use
of
gloss
to be
continued
patterning
on
the krater,
applied funnel,
to gray-ware
storage
unguentaria
bins,
and
amphoras
in the
of
Form 7 suggests some link between them. Many examples of each are made of Pink temper fabric, indicating that they may have been made in the same workshop. Most other objects made
from
that
fabric,
however,
are undecorated,
so some
other
factor
must
explain
their
56 elaboration. used
The
for
the
link
transfer
the Form
7 amphora is uncertain?food
the
both
case,
for mixing
would
constitute
be
conjecture but event, Forms
and
and
a natural
or
service
funnel the
then
have
may for
funnel
to support of decoration other evidence
Thumbnails
the
blister-ware occurs
decoration
conjecture
than
are
painting
surfaces
only
rarely.
is
in the of wine?the preparation for service?and thus lagynos
to see how this link might
however,
seems at the
to mark
start
some
as
them
of objects special life. One might of such an celebration
of her married in the
place
rare.
small,
closed
vessels
of
examples
rim
the
for the lekanai
a few
of
(Pis. 39, 40).
a characteristic
form
also 356, which
(388); compare Local
decorates
Stamping
(PL 32), guilloche
of
aryballos
latter
is absent.
for the kraters
into
impressed
on an imported
that
If the
possibilities.
to a
It is difficult,
Their decoration vessels. storage woman to a young items given all of the decorated vessels had
perhaps that
are
wine-mixing been used
transferring
"set" of vessels.
kraters and lekanai: ovolos
Incised
CONCLUSIONS
to the
extended
concern,
AND
OVERVIEW
cannot must them be function alone: the funnel have been among to narrow-necked of and the bin and vessels, storage liquids probably were containers with wide closed The function of the krater apertures.
preparation krater and
the
krater
DESCRIPTIVE
pattern
imitates this practice.
this decorative
are
technique
found
in a pattern of lines and dots on the upper wall of a lekane of Form 1 (237), and wavy lines (277, 279, 281, 285) and an olive spray (284) on the rims of lekanai of Form 4 and related forms. Among imports, it is common on the shoulders of storage bins (165, 166, 169) and is on
found
with one
blister-ware
small
a circlet
where
cover,
as well
containers
circles). Moldmade
impressed beehive
oil
decoration of
ivy enlivens
(386,
than that on braziers)
(other the
ivy combined
392,
grooves;
diagonal
top
(374),
on
and
two
on
is found
flat
fragmentary,
vessels of cooking fabric of uncertain function (842, 843). The fluted lower body of a large krater (232) was probably also made in a mold, but its classification as plain white-ground ware
be
may
into
called
question.
POTTING fine
Attic
Most on
the wheel, show ceramics
from
as hive
covers
on
thrown
the assistance
same
the
a very few or pithos
a second
the wheel, but of a mold?was
used
technique?formation bowls.1 for moldmade
partially The utility for however,
to discover, are not These of practices. always easy of a vessel has the last step in the assembly formed in which it was constructed.
variety
that usually to the manner
the wet-smoothing clues removed Aside
was
pottery but with
TECHNIQUES
entirely
handbuilt most
lids), was to throw
objects (heavy of household vessels
basins
and
ware
were
the
frequently
that were
slabs
on
thrown
used
the wheel.
to it had dried and then, once piece to trim the lower body the foot. The and form it on the wheel stage, upend leave which are very clear, in fabrics with substantial of trimming marks inclusions, especially used This is the surface. in the trimmed lines or gouges tracks") procedure ("temper parallel even for the rounded two-handled and footed for most lid/bowls (340-343), vessels, open, The
simplest a leather-hard
most
procedure
of which
have
temper
a more
Sometimes
complex
tracks
the vessel
on
process
the
rounded
was
used,
in one
surface. the vessel
in which
was
This
in stages.
thrown
as jugs. Here the lower part of the vessel, up process is best illustrated by closed shapes such to the base of the neck, was thrown first. A coil of clay was then attached to the upper edge and
drawn
1. For p. 499.
up
the technique,
as
the wheel
see
AgoraXXll,
turned
to form
pp. 4-5; Rotroff
2000b,
the neck
2. For stani
and
rim.2
illustrations
potters,
see Rye
The
whole
of this technique and Evans 1976,
was
then
among pis.
dried,
traditional
23, 25.
Paki
POTTING finished
and trimmed, several closed
in the usual a
where
shapes,
57
TECHNIQUES
can
traces of this procedure way. The of clay on the interior bears witness
ridge
be
to the
on
detected addition
of
the coil; see, for example, the profiles of choes 1 and 2, Form 1 jugs 21, 23, 36, and 40, table is not limited to vessels of Attic production but amphora 124, and funnel 144. This procedure can be detected on imported lagynoi as well (e.g., 101, 108, 112). A variation on this process was used in the construction of some serving dishes (200, 201, 205): here the completed and or
bowl
leather-hard
was attached clay seam the between
coil
on some braziers A was
to have
shows
the
stand
different
was
method
to make a
leaves
and
stand
the parts separately crease between deep
on the wheel, down upside to throw used the stand. On
centered and
is smooth.
bowl
a smooth
(783, 786, 787), where
that
somewhat
been
to its underside
of
vessel, stand
seems
same
The
can
procedure
interior join between
then
a ball
the
resultant
be
detected
the bottom
and the
a onto bottom. directly previously prepared of manufacture, also used for both dishes and braziers, serving and then assemble were them when leather hard. This they on the the two parts, such as can be observed dishes serving thrown
197 and 202 and the brazier 780. On some braziers both techniques were used together: e.g., on 783, where the stand was thrown onto the bottom, but the bowl was joined to the stand when both were leather hard. was
Wheel-throwing A
round
pots. not so
cooking pot?is
easily were
also
with
combined
bottom
with on
achieved
other
for the of techniques, especially production of uniform thickness?a for a desideratum cooking the wheel. In the Archaic and Classical most Attic periods, a wall
the beater-and-anvil method. Here the potter forms the produced using or the pot by hand on the wheel. He then compresses the building throwing a wooden it between the on wielded the outside beater?commonly paddle, an anvil, a smooth, stone or a terracotta rounded a rounded tool with face.3
pots cooking basic shape of wall by beating of the pot?and
This beating produces an evenly thin and compacted wall and is very effective for producing large, globular pots like chytrai. While widely used in earlier periods, however, the technique barely survived into the Hellenistic period. Only one or two chytrai of the late 4th or early 3rd century may have been made using it, at least in part. The upper body of the Form 5 is 595 seems the not but to lower the wheelmade, be; chytra body point of their juncture, at shoulder level, ismarked by an almost imperceptible angle in the profile. Likewise, 558, a of Form chytra rim shows made slightly beater.
irregular
A few Attic and
3
(e.g., that this
1, was wheel-smoothed that the upper body lower wall, and marks
cooking
579,
581),
inside
out
and
was
thrown, of a tool on
was
prominent in used
marks
of the
the
and wall, upper are no wheel marks
but
there
the
exterior
pots may be entirely wheelmade. show
on
Some,
have
may
wheel-trimming rounded bottom.
their
Most
made
on
the by
a
chytrai of Forms 2
especially on
been
a wheel
undersides, and chytrai
attest
ing technique shaping lopades, no tracks on the underside or wheel on the floor, marks however, temper display although is often on the inner wall there clear above the shoulder, but sometimes wheel-ridging (usually all the way to the floor). This that the rounded was formed bottom in a mold. suggests Rye and Evans illustrate this practice traditional in Pakistan.4 the potter among There, potters a thin, round makes slab of the proper a shallow mold, it within which size; he then places on the wheel, is centered the base of the a next He adds coil of thereby forming pot. clay and throws the upper the resultant vessel is removed from the base part of the vessel. When
mold,
a ridge of clay remains, marking
3. For cooking
the ware,
ethnographic
technique see Agora instance,
as used
on Archaic
XII, pp. 34-36. see Rye and Evans
and Classical For
the upper Attic
a well-illustrated
1976, p. 121, pis. 3, 4,
edge of the mold; 9,16,
24
(where wheel
beaters and bined); 4. Rye and Evans
this is trimmed away (by
and beater-and-anvil anvils
are
illustrated
1976,
pis.
23-26.
are com techniques on pis. 79 and 80.
58
DESCRIPTIVE
AND
OVERVIEW
CONCLUSIONS
and further finishing of the pot is carried out. hand with a tool in the Pakistani example), is consistent with many of the marks surviving on Attic chytrai Construction by this method and lopades. Not only do the undersides lack any sign of wheel-trimming, they may also be or contain
irregular,
not
that would
voids
irregular
be
in a surface
expected
on
produced
the
wheel (e.g., 565 and 631, chytrai of Forms 1 and 10); the underside of 597, a Form 5 chytra, displays narrow, concentric ridges that may be impressions of the mold. It is also possible to in some
discern,
marks
cases,
of
the position
indicating
low down on the exterior wall
or slight irregularity
an offset,
the mold:
top of
the
angle,
(597, 603, 605, 629, 631).
was also used of Form of lopades for the production allied process A closely 3, even though over a flat or very were not have formed Here the bottoms round bottoms. probably they do vis convex of the bat are clearly mold. than in a bowl-shaped bat rather Impressions slightly
ible in concentric ridges on the bottoms of 651 and 652, and the undersides of 650, 658, and 659 preserve irregularities and voids that would have been removed had the underside been formed through trimming. A similar process (though with a more strongly convex bat) was to make
used
did a
treatment
receive
systematic
polishing,
this was intended
on 641, 644, 647). Possibly
on
turned
left a series
which
concentric
preserve
but
the wheel,
of some
to further compact
than
rather
on
lines
of concentric
as
as well
ridges,
of the bat (see p. 217). The undersides
the vessel
while
also
which
braziers,
in raised letters, left as impressions
signatures lopades this was
of Attic
the bottoms
trimming
the underside
(e.g.,
the bottom
and strengthen
the vessel.
of
the use
While applied
marks
ming
they were made
which
was
A mold
also but
bottomed,
used their
and Archaic
norm.
Corinthian
imports,
from
and
normally
Anderson-Stojanovic and pitchers lopades, of the non-Attic Some ing. This and their
be noted
between
no molds, never were
is of Attic Pans
but
(684). One underside,
case
of
of Forms
lopades
made
as
slabs;
Significantly, show
uninventoried
very
222-223. 2004,
pp.
627-628.
tracks
(e.g., Production
surfaces the nubbly with the only example
seems to have been undersurfaces,
different
665,
one
their
had
been
strewn
a raised
circle
a favorite with perhaps with
of
with
grit. An
of work bottoms
this
shape, and thus can
also
of pans required show
undersides
(AS 981) had a heavy concentration surface
ways rounded
669-671) differences
1. The flat bottoms of
irregular
example
the working
though
5. AgwaXII, pp. 36-37, 6. Anderson-Stojanovic
seems that they
pots. Virginia cooking was used for chytrai,
the 5. Although in the manufacture
4 and
and Attic pans of Form
(680); this technique
fabrics
process to rather
witness
the use
to the wall
imported
were
fabric
as
bear
in the collection
vessels
smoothed.
of other
that
demonstrated
for
exterior
the upper
while
above
a similar
of molds suggest have temper prominent invariably in the final trimmed stages of production.
been
have
mortars
described
to occur
in the Corinthia.6
in the
is clearest
to that
similar
were
Athens
continue
(e.g., 186, 187). It therefore
wheel-ridging
of a mold.
too are imports, probably
are moldmade,
however,
bodies,
in a process has recently
strong angle almost the undersides
must
lower
round
the Classical
from
Classical
and
(83).
are not the use
through somewhat
in this manner
made
(182, 183). Many Hellenistic
their
show prominent made
mortars
fully moldmade;5
only
easily
totally wheelmade of course,
vessels, achieved
diverges practice in Archaic used commonly
most
mortars
contexts
Corinth;
walls frequently were
where
These
more
perhaps Hellenistic
to have been
appear
of mortars.
in the production thick walls were
The
in Early Hellenistic also
(77); others, however,
instance
is another
Here
shapes. some preserve
and
76),
in the
The
household
(e.g.,
it was also of cooking pots, production are of trim free askoi bottoms of round usually in in the mold that was of debris impressions
common
is most
of molds
to selected
on
that
they the underside
the local potters. mat
impressions
of temper on the offset
between
the
59
FUNCTION
slab floor and the wheelmade bears
to the method
witness
inside
wall
(e.g., 682), or both
inside and outside
(e.g., 679),
of manufacture.
FUNCTION Form
our
is almost
tentative.
We
and most
to function,7 some hazard
only guide nonetheless
in this arena
conclusions
remarks
about
must
remain
the collection
may general descriptive with the typically Hellenic is The fairly straightforward, assemblage cooking the braziers and the shallower sion into the globular pans, lopades, along with chytrai, of the half of the period.8 The relative in the second became representation popular as a whole.
in the deposit greater
inventory,
sample,
the
among
variability
is laid out in Chart
and Catalogue but
chytrai,
lopades
are more
divi that four
16 (p. 166). There since
numerous;
is
sources
written
associate the lopas primarily with the cooking offish,9 this may point to the popularity of that item in the Athenian diet. Pans (probably used for frying and for baking) are comparatively in the later Hellenistic rare; an increase in their numbers period and the introduction of rather
vertical pans with Roman influence.10
than
walls
sloping
as well)
elsewhere
(observed
may
be
an
index
of
are more vessels is much Their functions difficult greater. must a and of them have served A of many purposes. precision, multiplicity an infant, for instance, would have been useful for washing lekane, clothes, equally bathing or some beans?to list of the possibilities. bread, kneading vegetables, soaking cleaning only on some Based the vessels educated the activities: however, guesses, supported following The
to define
variety with
of household-ware
food preparation and service, including perhaps the mixing storage of water; pouring and transfer of liquids; measuring of foodstuffs; laundry; industrial
coin
(the security functions. About
for use with
liquids;
mentioned tainers,
and winemaking;
beekeeping
above,
bank); support two-thirds of about
only
of many to Athens
imported small bottles
one-fifth
the vessels for
the
of wine, oil, perfume, transport of other and other, vessels; potting the inventoried household vessels to have
appear in the inventory
sake of
of wine; drawing and temporary of liquid and dry goods; storage
their
been
used
functioned
for
and medicines; still mysterious, were
intended
food
preparation. as commercial
initially
contents
of Forms
As con 1 and
(lagynoi, amphoras if not almost vials, and some, all, of the unguentaria), uses once to been have other of contents. their put though they may emptied original can sometimes Context be of use in a closer of function. determination of Jugs made are hard ware as to household other than containers for The interpret anything liquid. occurrence at of certain us varieties the of to bottoms allows wells, however, repeated go for it is a strong indicator to draw water. that they were used the forms further, Among are the chous, in such contexts found trefoil jug with 1 and 3, and split rim, jugs of Forms water the basket-handled Other to which from their forms be appear jug. jugs, appropriate 2, various
for
water, drawing the round-mouth this was
measures
not
their
and medicine
seem jug
not
to have
(Form
primary
4) nor
function;
(see below, pp. 79,80-81),
so used, or at least not on a basis. Neither regular the askos occurs in use that fills, suggesting frequently some there to suggest is as evidence that they were used
been
and thus probably more
frequently
for liquids other than
water.
7. Aside
from
traces left by use, which have proved sooting, in other function studies could 1992), (e.g., Skibo at least in part because of the ceramic much rarely be detected, the cooking is fired quite hard and was thus ware) (especially to scratching. resistant informative
8. For discussion
of
the functions
of
the chytra,
lopas,
and
pan, see Bats 1988, pp. 40-51. in the shape studies below. 9. Bats on p. 44. 10. As 105-106).
1988,
p. 50;
the
See
testimonia
also
discussions
are collected
for Tel Anafa argued by Berlin See also pp. 192-193, below.
(Tel Anafa
of function
in the chart
II. 1, pp.
22,
60
is a case
a
cases
In some
in point. funnels
as modern
obvious seemingly Its form?exactly to transfer
are,
AND
OVERVIEW
DESCRIPTIVE
conclusion
about
like a modern material
on
sellers have
and
black-
a continuous
been
red-figured for need
rims (Form 2) are pictured
vases,11 illustrating such a tool, but there are puzzling in Hellenistic found have been None as
it difficult
but
that purpose,
The funnel
a decanter
in Athens,
lagynos
a funnel.
and
larger
and
long
narrow
for
neck
chronologi contexts then
shape
some
other
era.
earlier
contin
of the imported
or
purpose
made
have
would
are of an appropriate
funnels
intended
the
180,
of the popularity
size for
purposes.
after a
only to be reintroduced
out of the Attic repertoire,
dropped
subsequently
whose
Some of the banded
are much
others
as ca.
early
the period
in
close
in the hands
in an
use
their
ues until the end of the era. This approximates to fill without
Funnels
containers.
narrow-necked
of ceramic funnels. cal gaps in the sequence earlier introduced than the 2nd century; perhaps
white-ground
to a mystery. The funnel to demand that it was used
leads
function
funnel?seems
into
form and size to the small funnels with outturned of perfume must There
CONCLUSIONS
to that of the Hellenistic in a form very similar in the 4th century a.d., gap of some centuries, or metal, ones. such as leather tools can be made of other materials, It is clear that funneling is puzzling. of the ceramic but the interrupted history shape a an that clearly for the household function Form krater, shape suggests unexpected a water. But these and of wine vessel for used the from the column descends krater, mixing coarse
if they do
vessels?even
the symposium.
Hellenistic
to
a Hellenistic
that
imagine
often
carry
host
have
would
such
accepted
to
appropriate
in fine ware, and it is hard
to be made
cups continued
drinking
seem
not
decoration?do
painted
a rude
as the
vessel
centerpiece
But, if not kraters, what are they? And why do they take the form of the
of his entertainment.
rim and occasionally of Form lekane bowl? Another 1, with an offset mixing plain vessel?the of in imitation fine-ware mimics with decoration?also originating shapes, perhaps painted as for wine bowls indeed function two did vessels If these kraters. bronze mixing plain-ware to this as of is vessels it hard their forms would and water, poor why quality explain suggest, the have been krater would that a fine-ware It is hardly credible that purpose. served beyond for that to in to Their selection mix it. means the wine the wherewithal with of anyone buy use?if
there
could
there ments
were they have been
is how
that
used
have
to fathom.
for
purposes;
specific
neighborhoods squares M-N pierced,
large their
also
surrounding where
19-20, came
to
light;
of
taste.
One
of more
if
wonders rustic
of the modern imple equivalent 1 lekane were if the krater and the Form In any event, custom of the symposium the case for an atrophy and water,
china.
for wine
The
a matter
use
as of Athens, the general among argued populace to several of future scholars I direct the attention able
been
an ancient
to fine
in preference as bowls mixing
then
used?must
basins
with
interior
weakened. is somewhat Agora XXIX,12 not been I have functions vessels whose
in
were
(322-324) about the
engineered in the practiced in to the south, found Two of them were one them of vessels two of the three small, pithoslike (179, 180), for a special Also related served purposes. clearly they possibly fittings us inform
could discovery the Agora square.
clearly
industries
tubular spouts (327, 328). The spout would purpose are two deep basins with upcurved, facilitate directional pouring and a raised lip on the spout side of the vessel seems designed to protect the pourer from splashing, all of which suggest that the vessels were intended for of a hazardous
the pouring
round-bottomed that
served
they to the numbers
liquid,
bowls?or as
lids
of mortars
domed
for mortars; in the
or at least
lids?with they
are
collection,
2 [Italy 26], pl. 1063 RC 11. Tarquinia (CVA Tarquinia Fasa CV 32, 33 (CVA Schloss Fasanerie Schloss 36[1185]:2); 413 Museums Vatican 1 [Germany nerie 11], pl. 32 [510]:!);
a messy
one,
such
as
dye.
Also
a sliced rim (pp. 120-121). uncommon, surprisingly a function different and
1925-1939, (Albizzati 12. AgoraXXlX,
pl. 61:413). 14-15.
pp.
puzzling
are
the
I have suggested
however,
in contrast
altogether
is entirely
RELATIONSHIP
An amphora
possible. holes
locally made
in imitation
special-function
vessel
is another
(122),
LOCAL AND
BETWEEN
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
MATERIAL
IMPORTED
of the imported
of
Form 2, but riddled with
purpose.
impenetrable
LOCAL AND
61
IMPORTED MATERIAL
insight may be drawn from a review of the relationship between imported and locally ceramics. This ismost easily investigated through the household produced shapes, where Some
a
of
larger percentage manufacture. Among
the
can
fabrics
be
containers
these,
commodities
sources
the
and
to which
their
Athenians
standard
below, given and amphoras of their special in doubt.
are best
they, too, below. are
We
seem
as oil
with
grouped a collection
left with to have
small
handleless
bins)
storage
a confident It comes
about
to me)
(at least,
surprise
about
of investigation in the statistics
Thus,
in a standard
Attic
excluded
from
are
functions
or artisans.
This
as well
beekeepers, the
the
statistics
sometimes
unknown, of 574 objects,
consists
as vessels
that only
is a local, half of these
fabric
about
of unknown
and func
to make
one
Attic can
so
fabric,
above. For 541 of these it is possible
or not
whether
foreign contents
(such as the various bowls, jugs, funnels,
spouted basins mentioned
assessment as a
and
in an
tools.
been
their
that, although of householders
for potters
equipment
tion, like the deep
their
and amphoras amphoriskoi, both because too, are excluded, or origin?local foreign?remains and one-handled vessels designed,
have
of vessels
ranging from vessels probably used in the home to
of
tell us something
excluded
is made
(542-554) and thus
containers,
the needs
served
the
ointments
or
local
miniature
Unguentaria, their because
and
of
properly daily household
aryballoi,
2 are omitted.
containers
a single example for medicines and
Not
presumably,
all
use
for
blister-ware
lagynoi, 1 and of Forms
are
they their
to
tentatively, for the sake
and industrial uses. They
but
origins, turned
least
to Athens
imported
may be set aside from vessels for household certain
at
assigned,
(see Chart classified with
be
6). as
surance as objects of local manufacture: 30 (6%) are made of Attic fine fabric, 115 (21%) of Pinkish buff fabric, and 147 (27%) of Pink temper fabric.13 Eighty vessels (15%) are of wholly atypical fabrics that exhibit significant divergence from the known characteristics of Attic ware in terms
of color,
texture,
or
inclusions.
A
few
can be
as
identified
positively
and
imports
the
majority (though not all: see above, p. 33) of the others are probably imported as well. To this can be added 45 vessels of Hellenistic water-jug fabric (8% of the whole) that, although not
probably
from
imported
a
distance,
great
do
not
seem
to be
of
local manufacture.
The
fabrics of a further 124 vessels (23%) display some peculiarities, but cannot be excluded from local manufacture with certainty (this is the category designated "Nonstandard"); but even these
are
a fourth
of
if all of about
local
(and total was
the
that
is probably
not
the This
this case), contrasts
investigation strongly with
that suggests the fine wares,
probably imported. to be ceramics in the it seems, Athenians, locally produced appear greatly majority. different in for the table and pots for other employed strategies pots acquiring purposes. seem to have a their utilitarian ceramics from wide of sources?whether They gotten variety or from a from "abroad" of local or range regional producers. fabrics out to be far more turned to characterize difficult than household ones, Cooking
where
chiefly because vessels
cooking
conjectured 13.
I include
categories, tions does
repeated found
contact with
in the Agora,14
fire has altered about
to be local (Classical cooking only
positively inclusion
although not significantly
identified of more
change
fabric, Micaceous
in these examples fabric ascrip tentative
the proportions.
their surfaces. Of the 419 inventoried can be
one-fourth
14. Vessels entered been
that were as this
of the fabrics
fabric, or Schist cooking
cooking
the inventory excluded from
as one
identified
found gifts tally.
or
purchased
(772,800,801,805,
elsewhere P 28400)
and have
CHART
6. RELATIVE
AND
OVERVIEW
DESCRIPTIVE
62
OF HOUSEHOLD
REPRESENTATION
AND
CONTAINERS
(EXCLUDING
/
15%/
\^
\
/
/ /
23% \
IN THE
INVENTORY
UNGUENTARIA)
\ /
\
Nonstandard\
FABRICS
Attic fine 6%
Hell water-jug 8%
Atypical
CONCLUSIONS
Pinkishbuff
21%
/
/
Pink temper 27%
^_-^^
Notes 1. N
= 541. con number of inventoried household vessels 2. Total (excluding is 574. Of these, 33 are excluded for the tainers and unguentaria) reasons: no data was recorded not examined, four were following so overfired of fabric be that no assessment could for four, six were was to fabric group tentative. and for 19 assignment made, only are included in these tallies. certain fabric attributions 3. Only local fabrics. 4. Shaded segments represent definitely
CHART
7. RELATIVE
OF LOCAL
REPRESENTATION IN THE
perhaps
local /
34% /
COOKING
Local
^^\
/ X24%
\ \
\
\
\
IMPORTED
INVENTORY
^^
Unidentified, /
AND
\
y/
y^
\
^_\^ Unclassified imports
^^\^^
/ Probablylocal
7%
^/
Classified
}i0/
20% Notes 1. N 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
= 419. = vessels made cook of Classical fabric, Micaceous cooking and Schist fabric. ing fabric, cooking of one of those local = vessels made fabrics. Probably probably = vessels made of Quartz, Classified 5, Slate, Gritty Lopas imports and Pan 1 cooking fabrics. ochre, = vessels as identified of unclassified Unclassified fabric, imports or fabric. of characteristics by shape imports = vessels of unclassified fabrics with no strong indica Unidentified tion of foreign origin. Shaded vessels that are more segments represent likely local than Local
imported.
VESSELS
BETWEEN
RELATIONSHIP
LOCAL AND
MATERIAL
IMPORTED
63
to one of those groups as well (see Chart 7). and another 7% probably belong are to identified probably imports: 15% belonging Thirty-five percent of the cooking vessels imported fabric groups, and another 20% diverging from local norms of shape and fabric fabric),
to
sufficiently
indicate
or
local
likely
regional
third
remaining
not
do
to
belong
not,
the
however, evenly spread are in pots 3rd-century deposits fabrics characterized above date
were
entire
foreign equipment, cooking at that time, may be paralleled though as ware of such fine ceramics lagynos household wares, trast, among imports
of
to the
brought
fine ware
the
cook
inventoried
period. all of the vessels and
century
city
from
imports are the
made
among imports of the imported
spread
fairly
evenly
cooking cooking
later.
Significant dependence is a later Hellenistic then, phenomenon, on a smaller scale, by the increasing perhaps and other wares from both East and West.16 are
and
elsewhere,
is striking. These
Probable
few,15 and to the 2nd
for
a third
at least
context material rigorous counting of unweeded a it remains true that of fairly high proportion
Athenians
over
sources
The
event,
to the largely locally produced
the contrast
again
In any
products.
of Hellenistic
vessels
cooking
imports.
to be imported. Although reduce that percentage,
ing pots appear would probably the
are
too,
they,
fabric groups, but their forms do not signal them as imports; they are
any of the established most
that
upon which
imports con By the Hellenistic
throughout
period.
The
between
relationship one.
namic
Athenian
the imported material
potters
apparently
a
had
and local pottery
lively
sense
of what
was a dy
production
to consumers
appealed
and were quick to imitate imported items that had proven popular. The Hellenistic brazier of this the clearest The had elaborate braziers pattern (pp. 214-216). provides example reached the
Athens
2nd
by about Athenian
century.
and by its end quality.
potters
process
began
in deposits represented to imitate them around
had replaced
local braziers
same
The
are well
and
170
be
may
imported
observed
with
of
ones, despite
several
other
the
second
the middle
of
of quarter the century,
their inferior aesthetic
shapes.
of Form
Lopades
4,
as imports by their fabric, appear in deposits of the first half of the 2nd century; distinguished the 1st century, they had been replaced by copies in the local Schist cooking fabric. by early Italian orlo biftdo pans (Form 6) are known in Athens before the end of the 2nd century; but imitations in local Schist cooking fabric were being made by the early 1st century. Pans of Forms 1 and 2 may also follow this pattern, though the situation is clouded by the existence of a Classical local of
the
for
precedent
production same shape
a and hence the that there may have been shape possibility in the Hellenistic before the arrival of imported record) pans In mortars household local Pink of fabric ware, century. temper
the
(unattested in the 2nd
first appear
in the second quarter of the 2nd century, copying
dominated
the
The have century. process assemblage previous may as well, to demonstrate, as at least at the but it is difficult Agora, are much rarer than coarse Some most of the numerous?like imports.
fine wares
with
fine wares beakers the
the imported mortars
same
in the
of
imitations
never
Italy?were were
proportions their disposal, not because
15. The
imported the dot
In other like the plate with offset cases, rim, locally.17 the imports that inspired them do not occur in early we have For the coarse wares, simply be assumed. though, the contexts of imports and of exactly how the imitations, but
operated.
One-third
resembles
operated
imitated
clearly made, must and the process contexts,18 a clear demonstration, through process
that had
of the cooking ware and one-fourth for
likeliest it), 614,
and imports, looked elsewhere
local
could
potters
instances 634,
663,
p. 373, no. 1958, pi. 94). 16. See Agora XXIX, app.
are 740,
one
575 830,
1, p. 488,
ware are surprisingly high
ask why the Athenians, sources with good at may well clay for such a of was their utilitarian It large percentage pottery. not meet their needs; the fact that there are local versions
which (and P 32657, and P 6932 (Agora XII, graph
of the household
10, for analysis
of
fine wares at the imported Agora. 17. For a list of these beakers see Agora, AgoraXXIX, 18. See AgoraXXIX,
in Hellenistic
p. 425, under p. 154.
no.
1784.
contexts
at the
64
DESCRIPTIVE
AND
OVERVIEW
assures us of this. Rather, of the imports of many wares to that made available these foreign readily a One need lift mand is easy to comprehend. only to feature its lightness?an attractive appreciate
to the cooling
color will have contributed as an
market
a natural
and
innovation,
a market
and useful provided
CONCLUSIONS
vessel in a
a
network trading to them. The de eager acquire of Hellenistic fabric water-jug
made
existed
the
waterjug?and
and
porosity
pale
of the vessel. Braziers hit the Athenian
in
for this product.
have
consumers
properties interest
must
there
new,
something
attractive,
crafted,
finely
success was so global
Their
that it seems
it
I am at a loss to name the wings of more forces, potent though to know what to imported It is harder the Athenians them. attracted and chytrai, lopades, or or of in had the conduction retention have heat, per pans; they may superior properties a In any event, to foods in these within them. flavor trade cooked haps they imparted special to to the economy a contribution of their and unassuming clearly made producers objects
must
been
have
abundant
for
parallels:
The recent history of Greece
in their distribution.
of those who participated
the livelihoods provides
on
borne
example,
casseroles
Siphnian
(still
I
when
sought
eagerly
was a student inAthens in the 1970s) and braziers, Aiginetan water jars, and storage jars and were all widely traded in the last century.19 other shapes from Koroni in the Peloponnese their wares: Harriet Blitzer details the various ways in which the Koroni potters distributed from and
their visiting
own
festivals and market towns; by sale to local regional and carts for overland them onto animals loaded transport; pack or to them who carried these traders, by caique ship captains, directly) or all of these mechanisms coast.20 Some the Albanian and Sea, Egypt, at local
workshops; who traders,
and
(either through as far as the Black
in the Hellenistic
may well have operated of
significance
commerce
in major
that
impression
Despite few of the Attic
connections
to Attica.
The
of Athens. and
few
Lemnos,
of
instances
seem
are
study vessels
on
mirrored
precisely
instance,
to a
were
not
that
shapes far distant
every
Greek
one precisely much
exported imitated
the Athenian
of
sites
virtually
although
to have
not
forms
conform
abroad.
template widespread 4, and pans of Forms like and plain forms,
are
The
to these single exception on the Greek mainland,
it participates present),
islands,
is distinctive
special
assemblage
might
plain ware, Most of
except the few
those
imitate
that
to
perhaps locally
pro the
independently
is the beehive, the coast
and
documented of Asia
Minor.
and
restricted
to the geographical
limits of Attica. a limited can make ware plain area. of various parts of the excavated The
was
found
it was
where
19. Casson
1938,
20. Blitzer
1990,
1951; Blitzer pp.
698-707.
first 1990.
discarded,
contribution Conclusions and
the
to a better must surface
in
koine (that is, the same general
in a general Hellenistic
the assemblage
or without
imports: A 1, 2, and 6 are prime examples. unlidded the one-handled chytra
observations the
plain-ware to univer
catered
like the Form 5 chytra
in their shape that they may well have developed
form
although shapes
are
of Form lopades are very simple
different many places. the same in virtually
types
these
that
so Attic
(Form 1), so elemental
Otherwise,
is the uniqueness are of common
for
Athenians
shapes the brazier,
other
the
a mistake
be
it would
and wine,
this
from
lidded chytra, very few produced
that do
mortar,
like grain
commodities
OBSERVATIONS
forms So,
boast a two-handled
duced
such trade does not approach
Though
GENERAL emerges the fact
assemblage. sal needs,
Delos
Aegean.
it as negligible.
to dismiss
One
and
of the functions understanding since little of the pottery be guarded, sources structures served by the water
GENERAL most
where
of the pottery on the used
were
clearly sometimes have case
which
been
hazards were probably to activities
clues
and
Cypriot
are no extant. fills from period-of-use longer Objects are harder to trace. Fill may of the origins refuse dumped to fill disused in distance and cisterns, from a considerable wells
was
recovered
site,
but
brought have no
it would
on
A heavy
pp. 139-140). E 14 and F 13, along indicates particularly represent simply a seller of foodstuffs.
the
road
heavy
a
remarkably
storage away from
leading
bins
of
the
corner
southwest
in this neighborhood. it is possible house,
storage requirements urban well-stocked
and provide of
pseudo which square,
Agora
the period
in wells
forms
of
such
however,
sellers throughout
of various
the
cases,
neighborhood
corner
location of perfume of
concentration
In many
is a concentration
instance
striking the southeast
outside
that this was the traditional
suggests
area.
surrounding
from the immediate
most
The
there.
unguentaria
Cypriot
to the
relevance
filled with material
carried
65
OBSERVATIONS
and
the Agora
Although that that
(see in
cisterns square, this could
area
hosted
Analysis of the plain ware also highlights similarities between two cisterns located south of the Agora at a distance of about 18 meters apart. Both M 20:1 and N 19:1 contain a broad, spouted basin and a large basin with a lowered side, large funnels of various types, beehives, and
dry
liquid
Another come have
cistern
N
somewhat
20:4,
destroyed
disappeared,
by
and
amphoriskoi,
(321), a liquid measure
heavy basin
from
Phoenician
measures,
for disposal in concert
in the
took
in this general
place
in convenient course
Finally, an overview of cultural the historical
process. account
tools
and
handle.21
(uninventoried) once
cisterns
in the
site. Debris
served cisterns
from the general
vessels
have
may commercial
or
industrial
as-yet-undiscovered
region
functioned that
activity
area.
of both plain and fine pottery may
The
these
perhaps gathered
These
a rope
with
fragment
buildings on the
construction
in the ground.
some
of
The
south.
subsequent
holes
vessel
(83), and a funnel
farther
stems largely from the Sullan destruction,
probably
a closed
broad and
analysis
cups or kitchen utensils?is
it fine drinking
well. Classical pottery?be
larger issues
of Classical, and Roman from derived Hellenistic, can as art to of major be applied ceramics everyday
categories
from
shed light on much
from
clearly different
to that and that from Roman these mundane pottery, pottery; sup degree objects the differences between the three The of transition from one port qualitative periods. points to the next, do not coincide with the traditional boundaries however, period chronologically no immediate on between the periods. of The Alexander made Athenian conquests impact ceramics. New for eating, and food to appear to close shapes drinking, preparation began the end of the 4th century; the Classical remained dominant into the well forms, however, was not 3rd century, and the altered until of the the second assemblage quarter substantially at 3rd century. the other end of the Hellenistic forms survived the Likewise, many period,
Hellenistic
Sullan
sack,
and
although
and
thereafter,
Athenian
to have appears production in the Athenian assemblage,
pottery
a
played larger part and remained wares, including lamps, plain wares) essentially on fine wares 1st century. Roman cannot influence Significant decade
of
the
til the middle among
imports
1st century a.d., of the century.22
fine ware
the
and A
side-pouring
lekythos
21. Broad, spouted basin (325 inM 20:1; 326 in N 19:1); basin
with
a lowered
side
in M 20:1; 144, (P 14466 ment in N 19:1); beehives cover
in M 20:1; 322 in N 19:1); 153, 154, and an uninventoried
(323
(362,
371,
and
funnels frag
two uninventoried
inM20:l;P11911 [cover] and two uninvento fragments ried hive fragments in N 19:1); dry measures (P 14431, P 8932, and P 14430 nos. DM 66-DM 54-55, 68, pis. 15, pp. [AgoraX,
shapes is a rare
tradition
survive
into
few
reduced fine
(both
the
throughout before the even
the Roman
The
example.23
much
products
unchanged be detected
in the Hellenistic
lamps persist few Hellenistic
been
third
longer,
un
assemblage:
plain-ware
shapes
18, 34] inM 20:1); liquid measures (askoi) (77, 82, P 11891, and P 20515 in N 19:1); Phoenician amphoriskoi (P 14439 in M
P 11874, and one uninventoried in fragment vessels with rope handles (355 inM 20:1; P 20514 [AgoraV, p. 17, no. F68, pi. 2] in N 19:1). 22. Rotroff 1997b.
N
20:1;
19:1);
534,
closed
23. AgoraXXIX,
pp.
170-171.
DESCRIPTIVE
66
that persist (e.g., the Form 1waterjug editing, which often includes changes or
handle. grooved reasons behind The
this
historical including
different the ancient
one.
that
emerges is the second
immaterial
pattern?than world.
ones,
may
from
CONCLUSIONS
the
taste,
obscure?economics,
and
as well
The
are
implications
record. the archaeological as to others conclusions whose
the historical
archaeologists, that the periodicity
AND
and basket-handled waterjug) usually undergo some to the treatment of the rim or the addition of a ridged
there are two significant
have played a part?but between
timetable
OVERVIEW
ceramic
The are record
first heavily may
by the large historical
chance
is a note
slippage to survey
of caution
dependent not coincide aspects
upon with
all
will
of this chronological
other that, like pottery, suggestion a somewhat retarded have followed
that suggested
and
ceramics, that of
of ancient
pattern?or
template we regularly
at
the life, a
least
lay over
PART II SHAPE STUDIES
4
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
JUGS or
to draw it. Of course, not all household
sturdy jugs with which and
functions
other
for
material the drink
the
cooler;
some
for
were
introduced Four
waterjug). the basket-handled
of
with
no
inventions, are they largely
be
of
is a however, good the porous wall keeps to the water.1 Six flavor
through a desired
for the drawing of
intended
in the Hellenistic
1-4, askos, period (jug of Forms near to be manufactured the began beginning are and the askos innovations. waterjug 2nd-century in the
local manufacture.
ceramic
Several
of
repertoire
Classical
shapes,
need
served as water jugs,
and
them
antecedents
users
and wells,
ceramic,
jugs, at least two of which were primarily
clear
is a universal
Water
pitchers
Plain
below.
shapes argued since of drinking water, storage evaporation the ceramic also have itself may imparted
new forms of household water,
will
or wine?are
water
and pouring of liquids?primarily for the drawing, storing, pitchers common most in the the among Agora plain-ware assemblage. shapes source as in Hellenistic the is and cisterns if, Athens, primarily necessity
Jugs
basket-handled
of
the period, but are Hellenistic
All
the Classical
however,
period, into the
survived
and early
(one or possibly both local), years of the Hellenistic period: two forms with a trefoil mouth and the so-called mushroom in the Hellenistic jug (probably not locally produced period). The
trefoil
the 4th
soon
forms
died
out
at
the mushroom
century?but
jug
period. The relative representation Form cal
Chous
16 inventoried
Shape
reappears
time
to the
confined to time
later
For
a
summary
Charts
(1-5)
3)
(18 in deposit
examples
from
by far the commonest. see Chart 23 (p. 226).
vessels,
(Oinochoe,
to be
sample)
handle
overhanging Size: H. 24.1-29.5 Decoration: Date: Comparanda:
1. Although in some
water,
350
Braun
cm, with an
Sometimes Ca.
triangular the rim. /
of
of
it is clear that
the
chronologi
/^S3=/^-?
rim to lower
from
shoulder,
I
\\ I V
\
\
one
ivy wreath
to first quarter 1970, p. 135, no.
in section,
half
8, 23, Fig. 1, PL 1
Shape: Ring or disk foot; ovoid body running smoothly into neck; trefoil mouth;
second
in the Hellenistic
of the forms is illustrated by Chart 8, where
rim, was
tie-on 1, the jug with of these ranges pouring
seem
Athens?they
smaller example (4). 1 j in gloss around the neck. V J <= ^% of 3rd century 21, pi. 54
small, gloss on interior, Bp Abschnittlb, late 4th-early 3rd century); Vanderpool, and Steinberg McCredie, 1962, p. 38, no. 41, first third of 3rd 21 Allamani and Tzanavari (Koroni, 1994, pp. 100-101, pi. century); first half of 3rd (Veroia, 48:P pi. century).
modern cultures
Americans a hint
of clay
seem to prefer is appreciated,
(Dipylon
Well
tasteless
lowing
as the fol
lovely
a little shows: "Shiv smiled quotation (Chandra 1997, p. 233). clayey water"
as he
drank
the
70
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
-n
I-
180
h -
160-
Deposit
sample
Inventory =-^
140-1 120-1 100-1
_^, ?
2o j-Tl, Chous
Trefoil
Mroom
jug split
jug
1^,
,11,
-Ti, IT
rTTll,
Jug Jug Jug Jug Form 1 Form 2 Form 3 Form 4
Askos
BHWJ
rim Chart
The
form
same
is the
as
served
the model
but
the black chous,2 the plain jug. Links details and decoration
shape, by a on account jug3 "one-piece" were and household versions
upper
of
body. 3, 4)
(e.g., wreath
transition
too
Decoration have
appears
a
which,
often
made to neck
body links
black
since
it has
the
a
two are
longer history, demonstrated
as well.
must not
and Talcott
have only by call this
Sparkes Although to shoulder, from body both the black a on the interior at about in two sections: ridge a coil of was added to shows where throw the clay curve
seven household-ware choes; pieces a similar in the same position the neck, where as on black black jugs, as well and patterned fabric is varied, but at least one piece in a pale
household
and
around
on contemporary clay earlier date.4 The
of much
inventory
between
the continuous
ivy wreath
painted in added
choes
overpainted
from
of
and
sample
deposit
as for
technical
the point
in
8. Jugs
gray fabric falls outside the local norm (3). In household ware the form is restricted for the most
part to the second half of the 4th
come contexts Most both and uninventoried, inventoried from century.5 examples, of substantial later The survival of the into component pottery. 4th-century shape a at of the 3rd is chous Koroni.6 The later however, quarter century, suggested by only
a
with the
first
context
is provided by a fragment in the second level of O 20:3 (P 13454), but it is probably residual in this deposit of the third quarter of the 3rd century. It seems likely that the household chous went
out
example
at about
of production dates of which
in the
the
same
time
first quarter
of
as the black the
3rd
chous
of
standard
size,
the
latest
century.7
Most of the household choes at the Agora have ring feet, like the black model, but three of them (e.g., 5), as well as the chous from Koroni, have disk feet. The disk foot is typical of 2. See AgoraXXlX,
pp.
125-127,
figs.
34-36,
pis.
46-48,
for
Hellenistic
black-gloss examples. 3. Agora XII, p. 205. 4. E.g., P 15965, P 16453, P 2073, P 3779 245, nos. Ill, 114, 117, 136, pis. 6, 7). are 5. Unglazed from examples reported in small size (OlynthusXlll, pp. 217, 247, nos. was rare in trefoil mouth 159, 160). The tic period.
For
a few
instances,
see:
7 and
p. 91 (Veroia, no. 63.1, figs.
pp. 244
Olynthos,
but only pis. 154,
296,416A, the
later Hellenis
8; Drougou
1991b,
quarter
(mid-3rd p. 238, no.
of 3rd
century);
MedeonV,
Vordos, Tsardaka, century); 2nd 3, pi. 155:a (Mytilene,
p. 54, and
cen 1997, 1950, p. 184, no. 6, fig. 25:A (Knossos, tury); Homann-Wedeking Hatzi-Vallianou 2nd century); 2000, p. 95, pi. 49:(3 (Phaistos). 6. Vanderpool, and Steinberg McCredie, 1962, p. 38, no. 41,
Hatzidaniel (AgoraXII,
fourth 86, 87
pi. 21. 7. P 7772 pi. 46).
(Agora
XXIX,
pp.
126,
293,
no.
468,
fig.
34,
JUGS 71 of the Early Hellenistic
the Form 1 jug, the standard pitcher was
this feature
from
adopted
that
was
which
form,
and it seems likely that
period,
introduced
around
The
325.
choes
with
are also a little smaller than most fall at the end of the series. They feet, then, probably not for this is the Koroni share choes. chous does the of coincidental, Possibly ring-footed is a similar trend toward smaller but size in the black-gloss choes this characteristic, there
disk
toward the end of the 4th century.8 About half of the inventoried household was
the form use
often
Trefoil
(11 in deposit
examples
ovoid
foot;
Ring
set off
body
flaring trefoil mouth to rim.
shoulder
sample)
at
date
were
jugs end of
the
examples jugs have
round
rims. On
the latest, all dating
the
but
mouths,
inventoried
jugs
I
j
/
common
not
jugs decorated
or
later.
series
/ \
The
some
earlier are
pitchers
in the second half of the 4th century, and
large
very
similar
l? *
V-
and most
in Athens,
the 5th century at the end of the
6) are
(e.g.,
fromI_
1
C555
a series of long-necked
Sparkes and Talcott present gloss
/
neck;
cylindrical
^s.
Date:Ca.350-300V These
long,
with split rim; strap handle
Decoration: Gloss bands at belly. t_____________|
bands.9
/^^^^^^y.
from
y
Size:H. 25.0-38.6cm.
with
the occasional for wine.
8, 23, Fig. 1, PL 1
Charts
(6)
that
indicating
to the black form and analogy as a served table vessel simple
although also have
itmay
Rim
Split
4 inventoried
water,
that
suggest
Jug:
Shape:
to draw
used
of decoration
in use deposits,
choes were found
to one
with
provided
trefoil
the rim is split. Three in size
another
and
shape;
of all
are made
of a fine orange fabric with a light surface. The split rim, a decided oddity in the and the collection, slightly unusual fabric suggest that they may be imports. Their contexts a date in the last quarter of the 4th century. A fourth jug,10 smaller and differently suggest
proportioned, on the basis
of
is earlier
than
context.
The a
(P 11290), along with to the occasional testing
Other
Trefoil
2 inventoried
the others, size
fragment use of
dated seems
for
third
the
large was found of another, in the use the shape for that purpose.
of the century quarter of but one water, drawing B
of well
deposit
Charts
(7, 8)
Jugs
in the
securely awkward
13:8,
at
8, 23, Fig. 2, Pl. 1
examples
A jug (7) with a ring foot, a squat, globular body, a short, slightly flaring neck, and a trefoil mouth with an outwardly thickened and projecting rim is unique at the Agora. It comes from
E 15:3,
a small,
Late
Hellenistic
that
deposit
is not
closely
but
datable,
ranges
probably
from the middle of the 2nd century to the end of the 1st. The hard, pink fabric is similar to a a that of pyxis and small storage bin from the same period and found nearby (351, 352). A
close
parallel
on Lesbos
from
an
approximately
context
contemporary
hints
at an eastern
origin for this imported piece.11 The shape of 8, with its short neck, trefoil rim, deep, nearly cylindrical body, and high loop handle, is reminiscent of local black-gloss olpai.12 Its fabric, however,
does
(E 14:3) dates
not
to be Attic.
appear
Most
of
the material
in the
in the late 2nd or early 1st century.
8. Ag-ora XXIX, p. 126. 9. AgoraXU, p. 204, fig. 14, pi. 10. P 13562 (Agora XII, p. 350,
11. Komvou 73. no.
2nd 1620,
pi.
73).
and Ralli
to 1st century). 12. AgoraXXIX,
pp.
deposit
1997, 128-129.
where
p. 242,
pi.
it was
158:p
found
(Mytilene,
late
72
Mushroom
Shape:
(3 in deposit
examples or disk
Ring
WARE
Charts
(9-12)
Jug
4 inventoried
HOUSEHOLD
foot;
broad,
low, slightly
neck;
thick
from
flaring handles strap
Size:H. 16.3-21.3 cm. \
^~
sample) squat
8, 23, Fig. 2, PL 2 r into
body
running smoothly rim of varying form; to rim. V /
projecting shoulder
two
)
\.
I (ly '
V
|
at belly, inside rim, and sometimes on outer rim. late 4th century, with one later example CorinthVU.S, III); McPhee pp. 60-62, pis. 12, 49 (Decanter ca. to third of 4th (Corinth, 300); OlBerTV, quarter century
Decoration:
/
Bands
Date:
To
Comparanda:
pp. 65-66, figs. 22-24 sec p. 31, fig. 20 (Olympia, 2005,
ond half of 4th century); ArchDelt 27, B'2 (1972 [1977]), p. 325, pi. 279:p (Lokris, 3rd MedeonV,
century?); 115 ext.,
pp.
36-38,
41, 46, 48, 65, 68, nos.
figs. 31, 32, 46, 47, 64, 65, 78, 79,
119,
1994, pp. 47-48, tury); Baziotopoulou-Valavani ca. 168 and of a building between destroyed Bereti
Mercando
59 A.1,
41.2,
(late 4th
126
125,
60.1, 62.2, to mid-3rd
century);
century); 3rd century);
late 4th-early II, pp.
115.2, cen
in debris
[Aitolia], pi. 16:oc (Kallipolis the third quarter of the 2nd first quarter of 2nd [Albania],
p. 117, no. 3Le, pi. 86 (Lepenica 1994, p. 226, under no. 3, pi. 171:ax (Seuthopolis, 1976, p. 182, fig. 10 (Ancona); Meligunis-Lipdra
1997,
Bozkova
120,
226,
236,
246,
252,
pis. XC, CXXXI, CXXXIV, CXXXVI, CCV, CCVIII-CCXI, CXIII, CCXX (4th century Hellenistic).
through
form were identified in two series by Sparkes and Talcott.13 The forerunners of the Hellenistic One of them, which they called Attic on the basis of fabric, is distinguished by a strongly domed upper body that meets the lower body at an angle, and it is this domed shoulder, re that encouraged D. A. Amyx to identify this form with the sembling the cap of amushroom, listed on the Attic Stelai.14 These vessels seem to be limited to the 5th [|i]t)Kr|%o\) |ioA,\)(3868eTO<; covers in profile, and more various the angular series, body lacking note the early 5th to the late 4th from and Talcott span. Sparkes examples ranging seems one to be Attic), not uniform in fabric series is that (and example Although the
but
century, a longer century.
second
to them
it "Corinthian" on the basis of three jugs made
labeled
Sparkes and Talcott
to be Corinthian
clay.15
Such
jugs
are well
of what appeared
in Classical
represented
Corinth.
Roger
three main forms there (Decanter I, II, and III); recently Ian McPhee Edwards distinguished the has expanded typology, tracing the history of the jug from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period.16 collar rim,
Decanter
Edwards's is the most
similar
indicate that itwas in production
a tall and III, distinguished by to the vessels consideration under
relatively here.
narrow Corinthian
neck
a
and contexts
from the third quarter of the 4th century to about 300, when
Continuous the Agora examples. at and is attested the Hellenistic however, Meligunis-Lipara, period throughout production Several contexts references occurs in other Hellenistic the shape above). (see sporadically the shape was that are found on sites in the western of Greece, demonstrating part parallels is attested in Olympia east. That it was manufactured common more than it was further there it was
replaced
by
a Hellenistic
form
quite
from
different
by a jug from an Olympian kiln of the second half of the 4th century.17 in Agora XII, have been inventoried from Four jugs of this form, two already published de period. Three of them, from Early Hellenistic Agora deposits closed in the Hellenistic posits,
represent
the
end
of Sparkes's
second
and Talcott's
13. AgoraXIl, pp. 66-68. is skeptical but McPhee 1958, pp. 208-211, (2005) 14.Amyx bronze for an Early Hellenistic about the name; jug that shares and Touratso some characteristics with this series, see Themelis no. Tomb B. B from Derveni 34, 85, 75, 1997, p. pl. glou
15. It now thian
appears
clay (McPhee 16. Corinth VII.3,
17. OlBerTV,
series
Classical
that only 2005, pp.
p. 31, fig.
one
(9-11).
of these
p. 74, n. 92). 57-62; McPhee 20.
2005.
If they
is made
are
of Corin
JUGS 73 the earliest
among
in their
objects
contexts,
be
they may
to the
confined
of the 4th
last quarter
century, though dates within the first half of the 3rd century are possible. One (10) ismade of Hellenistic water-jug fabric; although Sparkes and Talcott placed it in their "Corinthian" series, they identified the fabric simply as "non-Attic." The fabric of 11, which is very close to 10 in profile
and
has many
decoration,
which
inclusions,
sparkling
seem
would
to rule
a
out
Corinthian origin. The fabric of 9 is also sparkling and so, again, unlikely to be Corinthian. The fourth example (12), surprisingly, comes from a deposit laid down almost two centuries there of the form was sporadic; is a similar about 400 later.18 Apparently import gap?from to 325?in of the "Corinthian" in Classical the representation series Athens. some The handle demands second likeliest is that it The suggestion peculiar explanation. one user to to made it easier another.19 and and Sparkes McPhee, Edwards, pass the jug from
in concluding
Talcott follow Corbett20 context same
of
the
symposium,
served as a winejug
that the form probably it might
although
also
as a urinal21
functioned
have
within within
the that
context.
Hellenistic 54-55
inventoried
Shape:
Rim
in deposit
/
mouth.
sample)
J^3]?f
Ca.
in the range \ /
325
Disk
//
ridge
outturned
II
rim; to
shoulder
one
21.0-40.0;
(17: H. 9.8 cm). to 1st century (with continuation \____J?-/ foot: ca. 325-150
miniature
neck with
ridge
>v /
near
J1
\
cm, with most
15.8-49.3
Charts 8, 23, Figs. 3-7, Pis. 3-7
(13-40)
or disk foot; ovoid Ring body; tall, cylindrical on interior; below rim, reflected thickened, often with from strap handle, slight ribbing,
Size: H.
Comparanda:
(170
examples
below
Date:
i :Tie-on
Form
Jug,
in Roman
Ring foot: ca. 270 to 1st century Braun 1970, pp. 136,141,143,145,148,155,165-166, 139, 178, pis. 54, 57-59, 64, 71, 82 (Dipylon
/
period)
\
nos.
23,90-92,108,109,118,119, Abschnitten Ib-IV, VI, VII, ca. 300 B1? first quarter of 2nd century); Vogeikoff nos. A 220-A 1993, pp. 53-56, 233, fig. 24, pis. and Sackett 74, 75 (Athens, 325-265); 1973, p. 383, nos. 67, 68, fig. 8, Jones, Graham, ca. 325-275); and Steinberg McCredie, 1962, p. 38, no. 40, pl. 74 (Vari, Vanderpool, first third of 3rd century); II.l, p. 86, nos. 675-677, pl. 21 (Koroni, Alt-Agina pis. 53, 54 (third quarter of 2nd century); nos. 631, 632, Corinth VII.3, pp. 112-113, pis. 24, 60 in other fabrics listed in n. 14); CorinthXVIII. fabric, with examples (Corinthian 1, pp. 18 3rd 19,102, no. 156, fig. 4, pl. 18 (Corinthian fabric, 1993, century); Anderson-Stojanovic Isthmia fabric, 3rd century); p. 282, no. 45, fig. 9 (Isthmia, Corinthian unpublished, from John Hayes); information (both local and possibly Hellenistic fabric, waterjug 430 first half of 3rd century); Schmid 1990, p. 46, pl. 12:403, (Eretria, 1997, Metzger Well
106, pl. 22:6, and Schmid 2000, p. 366, nos. 40-46, 260); pl. 185 (Eretria, before no. half of 3rd 257 EretriaX, 540, fig. (first p. 200, century and earlier), p. 201, no. 558, half of 4th to first half of 3rd fig. 258 (second 2000, pp. 348-350, century); Metzger p.
18. For also D
of
two-handled
jugs
later Hellenistic
date,
pi. 48 (Delos, 1985, p. 58, nos. 48,49,
Cf. also Corinth VII.3, half of 2nd century); no. 25, pi. 41 (Corinth,
similarly
and
somewhat
see Bruneau
different 1970b,
late 2nd
202,
19. Sparkes in some detail
of
form,
but
p. 258, no. Pfrommer
to early 1st century); 2nd century). figs. 48,49, pi. 22 (Miletos, I, first p. 58, no. 286, pis. 11,49 (Decanter Williams and Zervos 1988, pp. 126-127, late 3rd
Talcott
(Agora XII, vessels two-handled
century?). discuss the question of function note the existence of p. 68). They used
as
cooking
pots
(which
these
cannot 20. Coring
be because Corbett VII.3,
of 1949,
their pp.
fabric) 334-335;
and
as butter
McPhee
churns.
2005,
pp.
75-76;
p. 57.
21. Beazley such a function in a discussion of a implies on Italian an which old oinochoe, 4th-century red-figure woman from a two-handled dumps something jug (according to him, a "chamber the sleeping who has Herakles, pot") onto on her in a drunken 1943, collapsed heap doorstep (Beazley p.
107,
top).
74 HOUSEHOLD
WARE
nos.
to 198); 3rd century 10, 16, 22, 42, pis. 173, 175 (Eretria, 2004, Langridge-Noti nos. nos. 235 494, CK5, CK131, 604-610, p. pp. 84-85,145, pi. (Karystos); Kabirionlll, center Hatzidakis 90-70 Monaco and 33; 2000, 122, 3:4, 7l:oc, (Delos, B.C.); p. pi. fig. pi. Monaco 87:3 2000, p. 154, pi. (Lemnos).
As Chart 8 demonstrates, far
commonest
the
this form, with in the Agora
jug
its distinctive
offset below
and must
collection,
be
the outturned as the
regarded
rim, is by water
standard
to the eastern part of central vessel of Hellenistic Athens. It ismostly limited in distribution Greece, from Corinth in the south to Euboia and Boiotia in the north (see Map l).22 The single example published from Delos perhaps originates inAthens, brought there along with the occasional piece of Attic West Slope that also occurs in Delian deposits of the early 1st of
The presence century.23 Athenian between ship the moldmade
shape Lemnian
and
a
from
bowls
to those of the Athenian
on
the
this
pottery;
pottery
is another
Lemnos
at
workshop
indicator
of
Hephaistia,
close
relation
seen more
be
may which
relationship
the
are
in clearly similar
remarkably
of Bion.24
Workshop
not their findspots? their form but also from only from jugs is clear, or were in the at the bottoms broken of wells, landed where when often they they dropped course however. Several of drawing water.25 The water was not always decanted, immediately on the inside with are coated to retard loss of water intended resin,26 through clearly examples The
of
function
these
the wall of the vessel. When filled, these and other water jugs would have been set in the shade, where the sweating of the jug, along with the light color of the fabric, would have helped to the water keep or soft leather
to protect
rim
the distinctive
of
fragments
that
the
insects.
which was found in a ritual pyre (17) ;28this fits inwith pyre forms as the chytridion and the lopadion. Two
on of a of cloth tying piece There is one near miniature,
for
rim may have been designed or from debris the contents
The
cool.27
were
the form
characterizes
nature of such
domestic
the generally
in well
found
O
18:2
(P 32666), pushing the initial date back before ca. 320. Two fragmentary examples come from level V of well J 5:1, of the last quarter of the 4th century; thereafter the form is common. The of
form
the foot
22. they kova
of different
occur
forms
Similar
deviate
from
somewhat
fig. no. no.
241, 112,
similar
occasionally the series
elsewhere, described
D
though Boz here.
rim
jugs The on pp.
on
1995b,
(Papuci-Wladyka Cyprus Michaelidou-Nikolaou [Paphos]; 104 [Eurychou-Phoenikas]). is Drougou
shape on foldout
1991b,
p.
165,
1990,
p.
159,
p.
185,
also Seemingly Form B, oinochoe
of il
66-67, 23.
E.g.,
chart
nos.
128-130). Bruneau 1970b,
p.
251,
nos.
D
74, D
76, D
77,
90, D
83, D
81-D
dakis
A series of Hellenistic (Macedonia). are closely in shape, but similar from Jerusalem fragments to determine whether is preserved they come from enough or 1985, p. 43, figs. 18:8, 21:4-7). (Tushingham amphoras size in level III at Seleucia in jugs of smaller feature appears from 141 b.c. to a.d. 43 (Debevoise the Tigris, 1934, dating
lustrated not
pl.
dies
foot
out
around
into the
continues
is no
there
proportions,
to distinguish
between
workshops.
35
pl.
slender
itmay be possible
the series, although
under no. 2, II; 1994, pp. 225-226, and form as typical of the western pl. at coasts of the Black Sea, reporting northern Apol examples it She believes and Odessos. Olbia, Mesambria, lonia, Histria, See also in Athens. of jugs like the ones in imitation originated offset rim 1959, pp. 139,140, figs. 42:1, 42:2, 44. An Kaposhina on at Knossos is also found of different form) jugs (though on Delos 1953, p. 600, 1992, p. 103), (Marcade (Callaghan and
more
toward
(1997, p. 13, type V, pl. a similar I71:e) describes
96:b),
a disk
with
the variety
by the jug with ring foot, which
tendency
slight
within
development
products
a
from
Aside
period.
consistent the
marker:
chronological
of the 2nd century, replaced
the middle Roman
a
provides
1994b,
p. 245,
24. Massa
1992,
91,
44;
pi.
and Hatzi
Zapheiropoulou
pi. 200:p. comments with
on
pp.
Rotroff
243-244;
1994b. of the 54
25. Twenty-three were found
in definite
form
in all but one
occurred
They
and sample, for instance,
lower
jugs
of this
certainly
(= period-of-use) deposits. in the deposit of the POU deposits numbers
in substantial
sometimes in the
inventoried POU
fill of well
G
(there
were
19,
13:4).
has not been of this resinous coating from in ajar found similar material analysis; was in M Robinson's 1937, a.d.), (4th century analyzed Group of similar coat as mastic identified gum (AgoraV, p. 8). Analysis that the of various suggest periods ings in transport amphoras to retard used and pine were resin of both mastic commonly and Williams 1986, pp. 49-50). (Peacock seepage 26.
The
identity
established
by
27. Pale because Rye
fabric
1976, 28. Cf.
is used
its ability
of
p. 113). also P 18471
pi. 50) from the interior.
for water
to reflect
societies pots in other heat 1985, pp. (Arnold
as well 22-23;
p. 299, no. 527, fig. (AgoraXXIX, but with gloss a contemporary identical pyre,
38, on
JUGS 75
L
0
X
V Eretria
v \^
*\
/ \^
Thebes ^^"^^JX ?\
"^N
^^-
0
\^^\lsthmia^v_^5_^ ^^ ^P--/^
Athens)
/ ^
S ^<S ys \JPs_/ J Koroni Karystos H^, ^v V > S
\#
c
? V6__
^%.
i. Distribution
Map
of Hellenistic
jug, Form
1
Variety 1: Disk Foot (ca. 325-150) inventoried
Thirty-three of production Pieces
to the middle each
within
fabric
that the fabric groups ent
have examples of the 2nd show
group
disk
a variant
that ranges from the beginning are one all made of of three fabrics.
Almost century. some distinctive
different
represent
feet,
origins,
characteristics
of
shape,
in different workshops
either
suggesting
or in differ
areas.
geographical
of Attic Pinkish buff fabric 2: a fairly soft, 17) are made eight jugs (e.g., 13-15, fabric with abundant, inclusions. The profile of the foot of orange very fine sparkling jugs in this fabric is pronounced, and the handle is usually vertical. rigorously Chronologically are to the first half of the 3rd century. restricted they probably
At
least
At
least
12 inventoried
jugs
Hellenistic
local) and color,
(e.g., fabric
18-24)
are made
not (and probably in both 1): soft, porous, variety light weight inclusions. The most distinctive feature of jugs of
the distinctive
water-jug (mostly and with black, red, and white made of this fabric is the foot, which is low and delicate, the wall. The handle often leans away from the vertical fabric
are
rare
in the 3rd
concentrated Six jugs
(e.g., 25-28) Athens. These
century and the handle neck.
in the earliest
of
Jugs comes instance
deposits
but
century.
are made
the coarser, Pink fabric characteristic of 2nd temper a have foot profile, the neck sometimes flares, pieces pronounced curve outward to the top before in toward back the curving join
may this fabric from
Hellenistic
projecting only slightly beyond toward the neck. Water jugs of this common ca. 275; are after quite they
a
are
of
concentrated
deposit
discarded
in the first ca. 200
half
(25).
of
the 2nd
century;
the earliest
76
Variety 2: Ring Foot (ca. 270 The
at the Agora examples common in the 2nd century,
the
ismuch
examples, and
a
the
3rd
like the first, except
convex
slightly
underside.
as
century,
century, the disk-footed
but
the
examples
is variety by around
entirely
later pieces have flaring necks and widely flaring
is not made
in Hellenistic
but
fabric,
water-jug
ring A
attest.29 A few
ring-footed
variety
The in Group
of the Dipylon Well
3rd
it replaces
and
variety
ring-footed
within
date
of the 2nd century. The
The
surface resting of the middle
plain before
more
40).
by 15 inventoried
a
ca. 260) and in Abschnitt II (ca. 280-260)
(36, deposited
middle
WARE
to 1st century)
second variety, represented
for the foot: a low ring with foot first occurs somewhat
HOUSEHOLD
more the
rims (e.g., is a group
there
in the 2nd century or later (e.g., including Attic fabrics (Pinkish fabrics (35). The form occurs in
of at least six jugs in Pink temper fabric, all of them dating of other fabrics is also represented, 32-34). A miscellany buff fabrics 1 and 3, 37-40) as well as apparently non-Attic
some a the 2nd century of the 1st and possibly a.d., with changes: slightly deposits more a on than the Hellenistic horizontal rim, neck, examples, crisply angular nearly bulging a a in size.30 The precise and often reduction handle, point when significant heavily grooved ca. B.C. must but be after 86 is these unclear, develop changes
Roman
Hellenistic Handle Heavy
Charts 8, 23, Fig. 8, PL 8
Rim,
(41-44) (21 in deposit sample)
5 inventoried examples
or false
foot
Ring
Shape:
2: Thickened
Form
Jug,
ovoid
ring base;
or
rolled rim, wardly projecting concave sometimes overhanging, in section,
round
from
(r\
outbody; flaring neck; on outer face and convex on inside; thick to rim. ( j
shoulder
\ \ \t \ ^N.)
handle,
Size: Often large (H. > 38.0 cm). I / Date: Ca. 280-86 \ / Comparanda: Braun 1970, p. 155, no. 179, pi. 71 (DipylonWell Bv Abschnitt WW 392, VIII, 190-150); CorinthXYIIU,pp. 18-19,154-155,no. (late 4th
pi. 45
EretriaX,
century);
p.
192, no.
/ \
fig. 234
286,
(4th to first half of 3rd century); Riley 1979, p. 381, no. D1116, cal fabric). century, can be
The
form
face
of the rim,
Hatzidakis
Perhaps
1994,
p. 61, no.
fig. 14, left
20,
fig. 136 (Berenike, lo
even recognized its heavy and from contexts
a
inventoried
five from
3rd-century
29. Braun 30. E.g.,
1970, P 11650
p.
from fragments in section. round
in small handle,
for what
the unusual
form ancient with
Less
similar
are a series Pherai a different
on
concavity
Uninventoried
the
inner in D-E
fragments
of the 3rd century.
are recorded at Corinth, same shape of the Three there.32 its earlier history two come in size and shape, similar although a context of the of the second from quarter
to be
appears
5th-century predecessor are at the closely Agora pieces one contexts and 41) (e.g.,
the
141, no. (AgoraV,
but
91, pl. 57. p. 88, no. M
sharing
of white-slipped (Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou rim and a slightly
live a long life, that is unlikely
it is true that water jugs often
and,
43, pl. 20),
some
of
characteristics
from pitchers 1997, pp. flattened
the
region
66-67,
handle);
with
a similar
handle
squat
pitcher
un
1994,
a large p. 201, pi. 148:cc); and the Vari House (Jones, Graham,
the
no.
published, P 10791, P 11143, P 12506, P 17131, P 19402. 31.
of 1st
documents
(42). While
2nd century
third
small).31
8-9:1 and R 13:9 show that itwas in use in the city by the third decade Fourth-century and however,
first
(Delos,
from
of
pl. 51, a small,
53, fig. 8). 32. Pemberton
XVIII.l, 1937,
discusses
Leukada
with pitcher and Sackett
the Corinthian
for the 5th-century 18-19); no. 203, 303, p. fig. 32. pp.
from
(Andreou rim plain 1973, p. 381,
contexts
predecessor,
to be
a
(Corinth see Pease
JUGS 77 the explanation here, for 42 ismade of the Pink temper fabric typical of the 2nd century. It seems, then, that the form was uniform over a long period of time. All three of the examples are
just mentioned
a fourth
but
large,
flaring neck, and lacks the concavity to 100
in the st-century
early-1
of
representation
the
form and
43)
(e.g.,
deposits
of a redder
(44), made
ismuch
fabric,
on the inside of the rim. There
but it occurs deposits, to be made sporadically
in
Agora sampled continued probably
a
has
smaller,
is a gap from ca. 165 in several through
out the Hellenistic period. Many jugs of this form (e.g., 41) are made in a fine fabric that fires usually pale yellow or pink, but sometimes red (as 44), and they may be imports. A few in Pink
examples
fabric,
temper
so
it was
presumably
have
may
examples
Other
not
Long-Necked
9 inventoried
that
the
shape
was
in any of the identified period-of-use to draw
used regularly it inconvenient.
made
demonstrate
however,
(42,43). The form does not occur
(45-51)
Jugs
the
locally
at the Agora,
deposits
a task for which
water,
also made
size of many
large
Pl. 9
9,
Fig.
examples
A miscellany of jugs have been grouped together here as sharing with Forms 1 and 2 a long and relatively wide neck. Except for 45, each is represented in the inventory by only a single and
This
example.
their
unusual
fabrics
them
identify
as
imports,
sources
the
though
are
impossible to pinpoint. The horizontal ribbing and grooving on the necks of two very large in Anatolia. The coast of Asia Minor may be the origin of jugs (50 and 51) are paralleled 51; it is not, strictly speaking, of plain ware, for it is covered with a hard and glossy red slip. 47 differs significantly from the rest, for its neck is not offset from the body, and it ismuch in size.
smaller
Hellenistic High-Swung
Form 3: Jug, Handle (52-59)
13 inventoried Shape:
(9 in deposit
examples
Ca.
The range same
Braun
for form,
ring foot: ca. 235-160 1970, p. 143, no. Ill, pl. 58
apparent M 20:1, examples
examples the form of found
(AgoraV,
(Dipylon
in Group A, thus sometime come ca.
from 270-160.
in Robinson's
p.
f
j
\V
\
1 (
period
deposits The
discarded
Well
B1?
no
later
is a much exception F.33 It is possible that
16, no.
F 59, pi.
34. P 15314,
1). pis.
6, 10).
III, ca. 280-260).
Abschnitt
ca. 260
before
Group of the form is preserved gap, for a fragment among a Sullan In the form event, any deposit. experienced occur in of the 1st to 3rd centuries deposits early
33. P 8902
\\
and
form first appears
inventoried
/-^
V_L/
with revival in Roman 270-160, ca. 270-200 Flat bottom:
Disk Comparanda:
sample)
8, 23, Fig. 10, Pl. 10
Flat bottom, disk foot, or ring foot; ovoid body; low neck, sometimes or offset from body; outturned rim, flat on top; strap projecting to rim, from shoulder handle, usually ridged, rising high above
rim. \ / Size: H. 18.8-27.2 cm. Date:
Charts
than
(52). All but one of the ca.
smaller
160, jug,
production the uninventoried
a.d.34 P 15291
pottery
in Roman
The
(AgoraV,
shape pp.
of over
continued
a revival
a date
suggesting but clearly
times, is
the the
from when
unparalleled
33, 55, nos.
G
105,J
42,
HOUSEHOLD
78
the
inventoried fabric
varieties,
is overlap
there
although
the
of
must
beyond
and
three,
water
Hellenistic the narrow
confines
is the earliest of the
e.g., 52-55)
examples,
the
among
non-Attic
apparently extended
have
in seven inventoried
(occurring
that itwas a local specialty. Six of
suggesting
made
however, so 59), production
52-54,
The flat bottom foot
were
examples,
(e.g.,
jug of Athens.
wares elsewhere,
household
among published
WARE
the different
varieties
appear
together in some of the same deposits. Some jugs with flat bottoms have a plain outturned rim instead of the projecting rim (e.g., 53), apparently a sign of their early date. Most flat bottomed jugs are made of Hellenistic fabric, and this variety probably does not waterjug of 54 suggests extend beyond about 200. A shallow sinking at the center of the underside concave
the
that
was
underside
formed
while
a convex
on
thrown
being
bat.
The
disk
foot
in three inventoried examples each, are prob (56, 57) and ring foot (58, 59), represented in the course of the third quarter of the perhaps first appearing ably later developments, 3rd century. Jugs with these feet are sometimes made of Pink temper fabric. Seven of the 13 inventoried jugs of Form 3 come from use deposits,35 indicating that the drawing of water a normal
was
for
function
the
(81 in deposit sample)
32 inventoried examples
disk foot,
Flat bottom,
outturned
neck;
8, 23, Figs. 11,12, Pis. 11,12
Charts
Form 4: Jug, (60-73) Jug
Hellenistic Round-Mouth
Shape:
shape.
L
/f^H
or ring foot;
rim;
squat, ovoid body; constricted sometimes handle, lightly ridged,
strap
]
/\
from shoulder to rim, sometimes rising slightly above rim. \ Size: H.
to 1st century ca. 280-250 Flat bottom:
ca. 200 to 1st century Ring foot: Braun 1970, p. 161, no. 207, pi. 76
underside
contexts
ca. 280-180
foot:
in a context
The form first appears flat
(60,
discarded
from
waterjug
contexts,
3rd-century fabric (e.g.,
Two,
63-65).
B1?
the
of the 10 inventoried
are made
five
are
however,
XI,
190-150).
the earliest, among disk foot The too,
and the group 3rd century.
of of
Abschnitt
275 (F 16:8, 62). The
around
of the series. Most and
Well
(Dipylon
deposited
61) are the smallest to the middle close
tested from the beginning come
/
280
Disk
Comparanda:
1
cm.
14.3-22.8
Ca.
Date:
1
of
the
of Pink
typically temper
examples
two jugs with a from
coming
is at
however,
of this variety
Hellenistic 3rd-century were found fabric and
in
that this variety continues into the 2nd contexts deposited after 200 (66, 67), demonstrating the end of the 3rd century a third variety, with ring foot, was developed century. Around (68-73) and probably completely replaced the form with disk foot shortly thereafter; 17 have
examples
been
of
None
inventoried.
the
jugs
ring-footed
of
is made
the Hellenistic
but some are of Pink temper fabric. Pink water-jug fabric that is typical of the 3rd century, fabrics (72, perhaps overfired?) are also represented. The ish buff (71, 73) and nonstandard series
continues
to the
time
of
the
Sullan
sack
and
probably
beyond;
a much
neck
smaller
and mouth are characteristic of the later 2nd and early 1st century (71, 72). A single taller, thinner jug with a more strongly ridged handle (73) from an Early Roman context suggests P 24933. Uninventoried 57-59, The in the use fills of D 17:4 and Q12:1.
35. 52-54, found
fragments example
were from
the
Dipylon
Well
also
comes
from
a use
fill
(Braun
1970,
p.
143).
JUGS 79 that
the
form
of Form
Like jugs century. in Hellenistic jugs The
depositional water from
to draw
to be made
continued
water-jug record
3, these fabric
occur
makes
it clear
and
wells
in small
cisterns.
only four of the 81 jugs recorded size
uniform
another
suggests
ported
by the existence
common
in household
a small
but
size
narrow
The
neck,
of Athens; outside in local material.
but
here,
4 were
inventoried
and
(64, 69),
This
notion
fairly is sup
size
sizes: the standard the
gloss
used
in use fills. Their
in three distinct In black
too,
normally
examples
as measures.
served
ones.36
not
1st
standard
is rare,
size
common.
(74, 75)
rim,
and
Pl. 12
12,
Fig.
prominent
of similar shape differs
a
rim and
(116-122;
amphoras the middle to have
of
been
a
was
on
ridge
the
from
to its context, around or two handles, seems
a
smaller
of
of Form
jugs 32
they
in black gloss
two
half
sample were found
in the deposit
and
ware,
flaring
74 also
cording with one
two of the
the
second
examples
century amphoras however,
that water
Only
of the form
Jugs
2 inventoried
unparalleled those alongside
possibility?that
is extremely
Narrow-Necked
are
vessels
to the
at least
numbers
the neck
see pp. 86-87).
of 74
Aside
a series
recall
of 3rd
from the single handle,
its later date in its ring foot, its fabric, and (ac the 2nd century). This whether general shape, a vessel with because fairly widespread, possibly a decanter from for oil. For example, container
logical drip ring spreading no later than the is generally Tell en-Nasbeh, similar,37 as dating early 6th century, apparently or are a late-3rdto home from Kangavar, in western Iran.38 Closer is a 2nd- or lst-centuryjug from Megara.39 Both from Palaia Epidauros and a 2nd-centuryjug early-2nd-century example some that in tombs, which offers for the of these jugs were found support suggestion perhaps the shape held oil, a customary funerary offering. commonly to an im to and the shape, similar from the deep 75 is also an oil jug, cup mouth judge a Its context, vessel of the first half of the 2nd century.40 however, suggests ported red-gloss Late Hellenistic date.
Charts 8, 23, Fig. 13, Pis. 12, 13
Askos (76-84) 14 inventoried
+ 1miniature
examples
(10 in deposit
handle mouth; jug; pear-shaped from belly to rim, sometimes ornamented to rim. 1 1/ \
at attachment
Size: H. 19.0-32.0 cm. \ \ Date: Ca. 170 to early 1st century I This baggy vessel manner
into
three
36. Agora mouth
jug
Only lower
the
examples, was body
at an angle,
in both
is unusual
of manufacture.
the Agora the upper
XXIX,
pp.
the basis
132-133,
fig.
of
its asymmetrical
39, pis.
the vessel
size: very
51,
52
37. Wampler 38. Haerinck
was
p.
1983,
pp.
183, no. 103-106,
most
On
in a mold on
turned
(round
large
vessels,
749, fig.
pi. 40. 16:12,
pi. VII:2.
III
a bowl, and then The neck was sliced
or within
the wheel.
The
represented
37, B'l (1982 ArchDelt 43, B'l
(Megara). 40. P 21327
\J*^^
of
39. ArchDelt Epidauros);
1947,
/^ V
shape and its
fully wheelmade. was hand-formed
and juglet).
I
J
in slightly to form a trefoil mouth.
then pinched
groups
83 was
body up while
drawn
on
^/[
trefoil
Round-bottomed, in section, round
Shape:
sample)
(AgoraXXIX,
examples by
[1989]),
p. 88, [1993]),
(1988
p. 421,
fall roughly
the fragmentary
no.
pi. p.
1748, fig.
79,
45:oc 59,
(Palaia 39:oc
pi.
104, pi.
137).
80
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
ones like 76 and 77, which are over 30 cm high, and the smaller 80-83, medium ranging from 19 to 21 cm in height. There is also a single miniature ornamentation (84). Occasional an of the handle with a rotellelike attachment at the join to the rim (78, 79) demonstrates amount
unusual A
similar
West
although
household-ware the
covers
comes
occurs
which
(844), It is large,
like
closed
time.
All
two
of
two others
Early
also be of this shape, may the household askoi under
160
about
other
askoi were found
at least
form
Slope jugs. The first certain example that
by
in the
of the third quarter of the 3rd
ware
a context
from
production
but
a foot,
with
to be
Several fragmentary
1st century,
entire
vessel.
later, from a deposit
of cooking certain.
made
however, was in
form
deposits.
the
vessel
is preserved
askos,
canonical
Hellenistic
furnished
here, but has a foot like theWest
consideration that
size and
Slope jugs.41 Somewhat
is a fragmentary not enough
century,
of a household
in the manufacture
in a smaller
shape,
Hellenistic
care
of
of the
(76), confirming come from Late
examples
in the upper fill of N 19:l,42 which come
(77, 82)
from
the pure
Sullan
de
bris in the middle fill of the cistern. The askoi in the upper fill, then, are probably part of from the of that later fill, and the shape probably disappeared the large Sullan component B.C. in the early 1st century repertoire a household to to Athens. A closely the be limited similar askos vessel, appears shape, a foot, is not uncommon in bronze and in lead-glazed ceramics with furnished however, usually household As
and Early Imperial periods.43 The rotelles on the handles
of the Late Hellenistic
models. the influence of metal suggest from Boscoreale, makes the attractive A
on one
convivial
and
inscription it with associates
thus
was
water for
the
Small
not
of
bronze
askos
full-sized
on
is corroborating
Late
the latter conforms ties and
forms same
to the
this
The
fact
that
Bronze:
suggests effect. A
on
and
lead weights fruit Hellenistic
2nd (Dodona, ene); Pernice
and
in their
case
89-91
(Egypt).
also
distinct
and
that lead
these
of Athens, sizes uniform
and, nut measure.49
1878, Winnefeld
pp.
45-46,
no.
16, pl. fig. 491
25:2
13-15,
in an
two
The for
stamped than rather
liquids
44. Pernice
1900,
45. Watzinger 46. DelosXVlll, 48.
p. 340,
1878, Carapanos from a 4th-century
same
has
dry
185; Pernice
1925, no.
77-78,
pp.
p. 384,
47. Delos XVIII, comes
p.
1901,
facing right.
the
askoi
and
the handles
that stipulates
1013)
(/Gil2
from Crosby
Margaret
however, if we
as measures,
enthroned,
image
a fine,
(four,
around
wrapped
askoi.46
and
there,47
served
of
association two
with
askoi
fairly vessels
was
strip
a ritual
found
been
household
tokens
probably
1904, p. 386, (Pri 1st century 1925, pp. fig. 18 (Boscoreale, no. 4088, 1993, vol. 1, p. 114, form Y4000, a.d.); Tassinari pis. ware: Radt vol. 2, p. 352 (Pompeii). LVI:1, CIV:l-3; Lead-glaze 1972, pp. 8-9, pl. 3:a 1975, p. 368, fig. 15 (Pergamon); Bailey n. 335, Debevoise 1934, 21, 110-111, pp. (Berenike); perhaps to be on Parthian said the 6 (Seleucia glazed Tigris, pl. IX:2, fig. relief ware: 1913, pp. 76-78, ware). Pagenstecher Unglazed figs.
apparently a krater filling
The
commodities.50
for various
set of measures,
century?);
was
have
to a law of the late 2nd century
of measures
Carapanos
vessel
that the drawing
indicating
a man
depicts
three
fills,
There
shape.
41. P 18573 p. 298, no. 522, fig. 38, pl. 50); (Agora XXIX, no. 23. 1901, pp. 77-78, Watzinger no. F 88, 42. P 11891 pl. 4), P 20515, with (Agora V, p. 19, of others. uninventoried fragments 43.
it as a symposium
identifies
an image of Dionysos (e.g., 82) and stamped with occurs
figure the well-known
of
on Delos
represented to that evidence
of two small askoi same
in period-of-use
found
votives, shape, apparently was dedicated at Dodona.48
a very function. practical are the miniature) include
The
askoi
Slope
the
had
there
a bronze in askos discussing a leather wine-skin.44 imitates
however, the form
that
wine.45
function the primary An altar elsewhere.
shape lead images
Pernice,
suggestion the early, West
of
three askoi have been
Only
Ernst
of 78 and 79
shown
the capaci
must
belong though
goods, pp.
stamp, how
13-15.
23.
pi. CX:972. pi. XCVL845-858. pp.
45-46,
grave
no.
at Pydna
16, pi.
25:2. Another
(Bessios
and
Pappa
p. 86, D). P 14331 + IL 701 (fruit measure), 49. IL 315 (lead weight), nos. LW17, DM 66, IL 1184 (token): AgoraX, pp. 27-28,54,95, 1949. The same image appears L 86, pis. 5, 22; Crosby reversed, on Athenian of 90/89 coins as a symbol 1961, (Thompson nos. 1269, 1270, pi. 142). pp. 390-391, 1995,
50. Crosby
1949.
81
JUGS
a as or lentils. as scoops Such for such foodstuffs also have functioned grain they could seem very inconvenient for a contain their rounded function which would bottoms, explain a were from one be used er.51 If they measures, commodity they would only for transferring never to another, to sit on a surface, filled. The need container and would appear sporadic some a ance in in ceramic continuous that it had of the shape have may suggests history are known measures at an earlier in both bronze and ceramic other material. date,52 Dry as case of our The concentration in the Hellenistic the and this may have been well. period of the late-2nd-century in the Late Hellenistic be a direct reflection may examples period mea terracotta of new stimulated the production of standards, which have revision might sures.
Basket-Handled
Water
Charts 8, 23, Figs. 14, 15, Pis. 13, 14
(85-99)
Jug
(31 in deposit sample)
23 inventoried examples
//^\ sometimes short with an offset at ovoid neck, Shape: Ring foot; body, base;
outturned,
plain,
basket
either
handle,
or thickened outwardly projecting, in section or a strap. round J
IV
(j \ /
rim;
Size: H. to rim 14.3-22.8 cm. \ / Date: Ca. 170 to Roman \__^
late 200, pl. 47 (Delos, 1970b, p. 257, nos. D 198-D no. 1st Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 65-67, 27, fig. 19 (Delos, first third 2nd-early century); Homann of 1st century); Marcade 1953, p. 600, fig. 95:b, c (Delos, early 1st century); and Hatzidaniel 13:B Vordos, Tsardaka, 1997, 1950, p. 177, pl. (Knossos); Wedeking Bruneau
Comparanda:
p. 239, nos. The
water
basket-handled as a water
function
times.
pl.
156:(3
(Mytilene,
discarded
late 2nd
century).
occurs confirms in use deposits, which almost jug exclusively of the in the second This invented 2nd quarter sturdy jug, and well the remainder of the Hellenistic throughout period
bucket.53 in use
continued
tury,54 Roman
11-14,
Most
of
are well
the examples
to the
attesting
preserved,
success
of
its cen into
the design.
There is little change within the Hellenistic period, although the feet of earlier examples are broader than those of later ones. Most of the Hellenistic jugs have a thick strap handle, sometimes
with
very
light
85, 86); these probably eventually developed latter feature is present
on
grooving;
a taller, on a
thinner fragment
shape; from
the handle
however,
three,
date near the beginning
is round
of the series. Roman
they Sullan
also
have
a
destruction
strongly debris
in section
(e.g.,
jugs of the same form ridged (99),
The
handle. as well
as on
a
whole jug from a later lst-century deposit (P 21770 from R 10:1). Two thirds of the jugs are of Pink temper fabric, but in the late 2nd century they were also made of the finer Pinkish buff fabric 1.All were probably originally covered with a light slip, both
inside
jugs has been not for even
51. For
it is sometimes outside, although treated with resin, which suggests short-term storage.
and
further
discussion
of the rounded
bottom
and
how
a vessel of to the potter in creating helpful see standard Rotroff, volume, forthcoming. see 52. For the bronze p. 52, nos. DM 42, examples, AgoraX, DM 43, pis. 14, 33. it may
been
have
53. All
but
one
of
20 of the 23 inventoried basket-handled
jars
the examples in the deposit and sample, were found in use deposits. The pieces, at Knossos were in the use deposit found
present were they
traces. None in slight only intended only for drawing
of a cistern
of
the
water,
however, 1950, p. 177). Note, (Homann-Wedeking at Kafizin, and that a jug of similar shape from the Nymphaion is labeled in the last quarter of the 3rd century, dated oivcxpopov us that could 1980, p. 170, no. 228), alerting (Mitford shapes and did serve a variety purposes. come from deposits closed around 54. The earliest examples
160 (0 16:3,Q12:l).
HOUSEHOLD
82
WARE
Hydria (100) > | The hydria was never a common shape in Athenian household ware, although hydriai of cooking ware were produced with regularity from the late 7th through the 5th century. Sparkes and Talcott publish only three hydriai of local household ware, all from a single workshop active in the last quarter of the 5th century, along with seven East Greek imports, none dating after the end of the 5th century.55 After a gap of three centuries or more, the shape reappears in a single example (100) from a deposit is paralleled chiefly of the 1st century. Its banded decoration in the earlier hydria, both local and imported, but the sloping 1 inventoried example
and
shoulder
continuous
.
(1 in deposit sample)
from
profile
Fig. 15, PL 15
\\\ VI
J /_ ? /-
/^-\
I
^\i
^W
/ \ O y^ 1 j / \ \ J J \ ^?L?^
are unlike
to neck
shoulder
\
the Archaic
and
Classical
than just a utilitarian is very fine, The fabric that this is more pot. Eva suggesting examples. as survivals or saw the the from the Kerameikos and Brann banded hydriai Agora 8th-century an to wonder if 100 might One is tempted of a Protogeometrie revivals represent prototype.56 come to to copy earlier must in the area from have which vessels, attempt light antiquarian
time to time. Except the
shape
seems
Lagynos
for the well-known
to have
been
equally
Hadra rare
hydriai, which bear little resemblance in the Hellenistic
elsewhere
(101-114)
Standard
to 100,
period.57
16-18, Pis. 15-17
Figs.
Size
16 inventoried
examples
in deposit
(17-27
sample)
FT~f
Shape: Ring foot with convex underside; biconical body; long, cylindrical, slightly tapering neck; outwardly thickened rim; strap handle from shoulder (above meeting of shoulder and lower body) to below rim. / ^ ^V Size: H. 28.8-39.6 cm. V ) Date: Ca. 275 toAugustan \ /
[ // // ^
] Ml
I V^
and Steinberg 1962, p. 39, no. 50, McCredie, Vanderpool, \-L^T ca. 46 before 1998, 21; 260); (Koroni, Pologiorghi p. pi. Schmid 260); Ere 1997, p. 106, pi. 22:7 (Eretria, before p. 106, nos. 9,10, pi. 46 (Oropos); no. 1952, pp. 519, 539, no. 38, 103, fig. 225 (late 4th to 3rd century); Grace triaX, p. 185, Edwards 1965, 1953, p. 600, fig. 93 (Delos, early 1st century); (Delos); Marcade pi. XXV ca. Massa nos. 1992, p. 220, wreck, 80-50); 24-26, figs. 18-20,29 (Antikythera pp. 23-24, no. II of Well H, ca. 183 no. 638, Anderson 123 150, 1954, (level p. (Lemnos); pis. 87, mid-3rd nos. of Well level 279-281 H, fig. 17 (Chios); century), 275), pp. 156-157, (top and Phili and Tsardaka Archontidou Patsiada, 1994, p. 171, fig. 3 (Chios); Giannikouri, no. monos 338, pi. 27; 1990, pp. 175-176, p. 98, (Rhodes);EphesosXlll:l:l, pis. 89:y,91:a-y
Comparanda:
p. 458, no.
1, pi. LXXIV:6 p. 59, fig. 23:4; SwCyprusExpW.3, (3rdcentury); Plat du no. and 1951, 360, pi. 47 (Paphos); 1995b, p. 200, Taylor Dray Papuci-Wladyka 47 nos. PW Tel 46, 4-6, 24-28, 18-20, 50.2 IIA, pp. 44-47, pis. (Tsambres); Anafa fig. Macalister 1912, 1995, p. 310, fig. 6.33:7 (Dor); (late 2nd to 1st century); Guz-Zilberstein SwCyprusExpl,
55. Agora XII, pp. 200-201, fig. 13, pl. 70. 56. Agora VIII, p. 34. household-ware 57. For published hydriai, no. 19, pl. 189:a (Messene); 2004, pp. 420-421, 1997,
p.
154,
pl.
109:oc,
(_ (Fiorina);
Daux
1967,
1980, century); Mitford of 3rd last quarter (Kafizin, Cyprus, pp. 212-214, Tarsus I, p. 227, no. 133, 185 (late 3rd to 198, figs. century); and Riley 1976-1977, Dent, p. 153, Lloyd, early 2nd century); nos. 33-35, 2nd-lst century). fig. 8 (Berenike, (Rhodes,
from
a cemetery 275-277
nos.
see Themelis Adam-Veleni p.
768,
fig.
8
of the 4th-lst
JUGS 83 (Gezer); Fischer 1989, p. 185, fig. 13.3:26 (TelMichal); Belov
p. 214, pl. CLXXX:10 1962, pp. The
occurs
lagynos a white
with whose
slip
was
and sometimes as well
development, 3rd century?in
as
century.60 trast to the fine decanters, coarse were made lagynoi
for use
designs;58
and
series
which
series,
2nd
at the
century).
table
and
shape and chronological
earlier?in appears is not documented
the
first half
before
the
are
or to 30 cm in close larger, usually height more measure than 22 cm. Like rarely transport of fabrics,
variety
of
the
last quarter in con taller,
amphoras, of manufacture,
centers
different
implying
jugs discussed
two are often
in both
covered
usually undecorated
coarse,
larger of wine.59 The
transport
coarse
fine
jugs which in a
fine jugs
but they are distinct
The
coarse
The
classes:
confounded, to the
3rd and
(Chersonesos,
painted commercial
the
in fabric.
contrast
that
18, 19:a, b
figs.
in two very distinct and decorated with
purpose
primary
together
of
160-161,
a
the investigation of their history. The list of comparanda fact that considerably complicates above is limited to examples that are fairly close in shape to the Agora lagynoi; the publica do not usually coarse The vessels
tions
of fabrics. any comparison are commercial in containers, serving parallel are sometimes As with their handles amphoras,
of wine.
export
allow
for the amphoras and series have
with stamped,
been linked with both Chios and Rhodes.61 Most of the vessels catalogued here are made of a fine and well-levigated fabric with a few small inclusions: dots of white, with a few red and translucent
gray
inclusions
a little mica.
and
of a thin,
Traces
and
light,
transparent
nearly
slip are preserved. The fabric is similar to that of Chian amphoras; on this basis and because of the stamps, such lagynoi have generally been thought to be Chian. The name Moschion, for
on the appears on Chian inscriptions
which
instance,
and
is known
of
stamp and
coins
on 107, occurs as well.62112
rim and the interior; the fabric is not wildly dissimilar content
mica
Andrea
and
Berlin
the vessel has
may that
argued
come the
tion of the lagynophoria at Alexandria can
first
on Chios, on the gloss
found having
source.
were
lagynoi
handle lagynos is unusual in
to that of the others, but it has a higher
a different
from
a
metal
and subsequently coarse
created
vessels,
for
in clay.63 This
copied
the
celebra
explanation
account, however, hardly a from primarily single ancient
for
which tells us that participants it suggests as well that itwas a is unknown; the testimonium (d. ca. 205). Recent scholarship
drank from lagynoi that they brought with them from home; fairly rowdy occasion. The date of the festival's inauguration shows only that it was in existence in the time of Arsinoe III attributes its foundation to her husband, Ptolemy IV Philopa
it could
tor,64 but metal
vessels
used
well
have
the origin of an source, excerpt
been
instituted
from
earlier.
are more
in its celebration
the
series.
The
Eratosthenes'
Whenever
the
was
festival
to have
likely
lagynophoria Arsinoe (Ath.
fine-ware
is known 7.276a-c),
founded, imitations
any than
spawned that the appearance of coarse however, clearly, ones at that of fine least half a century. A more lagynoi precedes by sequence plausible might be that in the wine from in coarse home the participants lagynophoria brought lagynoi?in same way that Athenian revelers of the Archaic to wine in transport period brought symposia The would are been have convenient because smaller than amphoras. lagynoi they amphoras, still quite and easy for a to coarse handle. These vessels though capacious, person single may coarse
ones.
The
available
evidence
58. For examples from the Agora, 229, figs. 88-94, 115-117,120,121. pis. occurs in other fine wares as well. 59. Grace
indicates
see
pp. 226 AgoraXXIX, The shape occasionally
the lagynos as a 180, with n. 23, discusses fractional container. For a recent discussion of both the plain and decorated between them, see lagynos and the relationship Hiibner
ware
p.
2000.
60. For ware,
1949,
the date
of
the
introduction
p. 227. The Agora XXIX, to me known is from lagynos where
a
black-gloss
lagynos
earliest
of
the shape in fine instance of a fine
the Nymphaion bears a dated
3,5-7
(Series 62. Grace as well,
1980,
(Mitford 1952,
tianou-Petropoulakou see Rhodian series,
519;
p.
1970, Paphos
no. 45). pp. 34-35, and 1956b, p. 166; Grace p. 361. For recent discussion III, pp.
18-19,
occurs 1956b, p. 166. The name but for a list of the occurrences
see LGPN1, and coins, inscriptions 63. TelAnafall.l, pp. 42-43. 64. Fraser 1972, vol. 1, pp. 203-204;
n.
112; Zanker
fig. X:l,
8, pi.
Sawa of the IV:2,
1).
Chian
at Kafizin, inscription
b.c.
61. Grace
where
see
in Cyprus,
of 218/7
1989,
pp.
50-55.
else commonly on of the name
p. 320. vol.
2, pp.
344-345,
84
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
as a model in turn, have for a luxury, metal served then, loosely was at the table, which in fine ceramic. in turn copied secure context is at Koroni, The earliest for the coarse lagynos in the 260s.65 In addition, emaic that was occupied encampment
in a well at Eretria, the abandonment
found
in the
of
remains
a rather
for use
shape
squat
the Ptol was
lagynos
on Chios found is from an lagynos a these facts date perhaps suggest
evidence.66
approximately
the
of
of which has been placed around 260 on the basis
A fragment of a similarly stocky context.67 Taken contemporary together,
of numismatic
version
around 275 for the introduction of the shape. In its rounded, plump profile, with greatest di ameter at half-height of the body, 101 is closely similar to the Koroni lagynos, and the twomay be about contemporary. The higher shoulder, straighter lower wall, and taller neck of 102 might a
indicate Although 3rd- and standard indications
ca. 250. not allow does it to descend beyond are best coarse at in late the very Agora,68 lagynoi represented of inventoried have nine which examples produced early-2nd-century deposits, a be in the handle and an arch lower wall this group, size. Within may straighter a contexts is from dated number of vessels of of later date, but more study larger later
slightly never
but date, numerous
its context
needed to establish this. The two examples (103, 104) from the lower fill of N 21:4, in which If a straighter other material ranges from 250 to 210 in date, show considerable differences. we should place 104 between 225 lower wall is in fact an indication of greater development, 103 earlier, in the third quarter of the 3rd century. The slight and 210, and its companion arching in the handles of 105 and 107 may place them further toward the end of the 3rd or
century
make
in the
2nd
early
angularity, There
is a gap
of a different
112, made
Hellenistic
of these middle
in lagynoi of this date. sharp angle and the shape next evidence, appears
in the Agora
the two Late Hellenistic
texts. On
of
would
fabric,
flirts with
pieces
a
is never
there
but
them. The profile
with
it contemporary
context
The
century.
(109, 110), the deep,
pieces
in Late
con
Hellenistic
lower body meets
curved
the
convex is distinctive: of the foot The underside strongly angle. the and outer lower a shallow The handle arches the around somewhat, groove edge. to be of the latter years of comes to the vertical. be taken This closer typical shape may at a
shoulder with part
pronounced
the 2nd century and the first half of the 1st century. An Early Roman stage is illustrated by two pieces (e.g., 111). They are taller, with a heavy foot, the lower part of the body is slightly has
the handle
concave, ment
the underside
of
a consistent
feature
of
a its lower and arch, pronounced is the same as on the Late Hellenistic "late"
part
examples
The
vertical.
is nearly
seems
and
thus
treat to be
at the Agora.
lagynoi
Small 2 inventoried
examples
Two smaller lagynoi diverge from the others not only in size but also in details of shape and fabric. 113 ismade of a fine fabric not very different from that of the standard lagynoi, but rim. 114 ismade of a completely different and probably local it has a slightly overhanging fabric.
The
itwould
no.
65. Vanderpool, 50, pi. 21. the date,
may
once
have
been
have had greater affinities with
66. Schmid For
object
McCredie,
and
Steinberg
1962,
covered
39,
67. Anderson 1954, p. 150, no. 183, fig. 17. See also Gianni and Philimonos 1990, p. 176, pi. 90:oc, a lagynos kouri, Patsiada, of the in the first quarter said to date from a tomb on Rhodes to the 3rd century, (similar angular profile although slightly that of 104) looks later. 68. Only
17 definite
were
examples
and
another
10 possible
ones
this was
when
been
stored
intact,
lagynoi.
is probably figure have sometimes may fragments lagynos and few lots of fragments, transport amphora of this study. were examined in the course
in the deposit
identified
This
sample.
since
low, however,
1997, p. 106, pi. 22:7; 2000, p. 368, no. 77, pi. 190:a. see Schmid 2000, pp. 361-363.
and,
gloss
lagynoi69 than with coarse
local black
p.
red
dull
with
with
fragments amphora are also considerable There
handles of small stamped numbers from lagynoi. Their in the Agora collection, many study would of the shape at Ath shed light on the representation doubtless work. the scope of the present ens, but it is beyond 69. pi. 49).
E.g.,
P
11421
(Agora XXIX,
p.
296,
no.
496,
fig.
37,
AMPHORAS
85
AMPHORAS Seven
different
forms have been in small numbers identified the Hellenistic among amphora at the The in relative of the is forms illustrated Chart 9. The Agora. representation were contents. 1 and 2 narrow-necked Forms for their Forms 3 and 4, both probably imported
material
are forms, local, as is the Late certainly fabrics of amphoras of Forms 5 and 7 suggest
Late
Classical
and
the
Hellenistic
Form
they may
be
6. The
low numbers a summary
For
imports.
ranges of these forms, see Chart 24 (p. 227).
of the chronological
18-.-p==.-^"t]
Deposit sample
Inventory
it?.?^^^
16i
121???.-.~
Form 2
Form 1
Chart
Amphora, Handles
Form Join
Shape:
(3 in deposit sample)
thick
strap handles
4th and
edge
rim with
of shoulder
V)j
shoulder
at slight
sharp to below
j /
ridge
\ \
\ /
ridge
J
J
3rd centuries
ArchDelt48,Wl
1st
from
inventory
9, 24, Fig. 19, PL 18
(Cj
horizontal
foot; baggy body meeting nearly thin neck; widely outturned short, angle;
2nd
and
Form 7
Form 6
Charts
Neck, (115)
example
Size: H. 31.3 cm. V Comparanda:
Form 5
sample
deposit
Disk
below; on neck.
Date:
in
9. Amphoras
1: Narrow below Ridge
1 inventoried Hellenistic
Form 4
Form 3
(1993 Kabirion
century); century
[1998]), III, pp.
pp. 84-85,
102-103,
pi. 39:(3 (Amaliada 145, nos. 611, 612, pi. 33
[Elis], (2nd
late 3rd or early B.C. and century
.
a.d.)
a less to this one, but with similar rim and usually amphora closely spreading semiglazed, numerous to Macedonia, is native at a where have been found of sites.70 examples variety in the 2nd century, Most of the Macedonian date finds but the form was already in produc a tion in the Classical A distinctive Thessalian with surface and version, period. white-slipped as in Form at the with the handles sometimes the neck is in attested 2, below, joining ridge, An
70. Drougou
and Touratsoglou
1980,
pp.
117-120.
86 HOUSEHOLD at Lamia.71 earlier Two graves 3rd-century are much of the 4th century, third quarters
WARE
within dating examples, a distinct lack shoulder, squatter,
the
Agora
and
second
and
a
have
ring
context (115) is perhaps a 3rd-cen foot.72 The single inventoried example from a Hellenistic itwas found together with fragments of two more in the lower fill of cistern tury descendant; N 21:4. An example from a context of the 1st to 2nd century a.d. (P 22107) suggests that the at the Agora. The scarcity of this form and form had a long life, little of which is documented that it is the atypical fabric of 115 indicate imported, probably transported to Athens for the sake form
and
its contents,
of
is any
indication,
if the Macedonian possibly, in the north. from somewhere
Form
Amphora, Narrow
Handles
Neck,
(16 in deposit sample)
9 inventoried examples
der;
(116-122)^^
or projecting flaring from shoulder handles strap
below;
cm. I
Size: H. 26.4-42.4 In one
Decoration: Date:
case,
j
on
ivy garland
shoulder
3rd century later) (and possibly nos. Braun 121,122, 1970, p. 145,
Comparanda:
(C\\
rim with
thin neck;
long,
a similar
9, 24, Fig. 19, Pl. 18
i^\ Shape: Disk foot; ovoid or baggy body with rounded or angular shoulwell
for
fondness
Thessalian
Charts
2: at Ridge
Join
and
to ridge.
\
sharp ridge / \
/
\ /
(118).
(Dipylon Well
pl. 59
VJl
yX
ca. 260-240/220);
B-, AbschnittW,
Vogeikoff 1993, p. 56, no. A 233, fig. 24, pl. 77 (Athens, 325-265); Corinth C-46-85 1917, p. 232, fig. 168 (Thebes); Berlin 1999, p. 134, (unpublished); Keramopoullos no.
220, pl. 28 the one-handled
This
narrow-necked
jar
(Troy, vessel
occurs
ca. 225-175); Sokol'skiy 74 and its comparanda,
in two varieties,
1975, p. 24, fig. 2:17 p. 79 above. not
often
although
See also
(Bosporos).
is
enough
to
preserved
some examples the body runs smoothly into the distinguish with certainty between them. On shoulder (116,117), while on others the shoulder is defined by an angle at the lower handle like the single amphora of Form 1 (115). The form of the lip is also attachment (120-122), variable, sometimes projecting (117, 122), more frequently widely flaring. As far as one can tell from
the
the
contexts,
two varieties
(122) are made
All but a single example Four
are
of
the others ent
the
familiar
Hellenistic
at
least
pale fabrics
different
of
fabric
the
3rd
Commercial
century
116,
(e.g.,
it somewhat,
that differ from
clay of Attica.73
the normal
of pale fabrics unlike
water-jug
are of unidentified, or
coexisted.
on
117,
suggesting
121);
differ
two
(119, fragments certain it is not although 120) imported suggest objects or the of the containers. to the capacity refers the notation whether Fragments weight a situation a in were found of five of these 14:1), (E deposit single together amphoras a use.74 of habitual that contained vessels occurs commercial with that often commodity of Hellenistic The vessels are however. of origin of a place Hints water-jug conflicting, sources,
that
workshops.
for
were
the
their
graffiti contents,
the most and Boiotia, between Corinth came from somewhere fabric probably likely a fabric of different made A fabric. that for of (118) fragment single, large origin point which may point to its origin. bears the word TTAPIOC as part of its painted decoration, Paros
but
was
an
exporter
they are quite
and
of wine,
different
and fabric
in shape
2000. 71. Papakonstantinou 1499, 72. P 8981 XII, p. 341, no. (Agora See also OlynthusV, (J 5:1, level VII, 350-325). pi. 161. from 73. The fabrics of the two examples
for
amphoras
are pi.
63);
p. 203,
P 29234 no.
the Dipylon
655, Well
p.
its
from
apparently 145, under 74.
118-120
the multiple under 541).
have
transport
the vessels similar no.
been
under
Ton,"
("griin-gelblischer
121). two uninventoried and
"radish
jar"
amphoras
identified,
consideration
in H
Braun
fragments. 6:9 and
1970,
Compare E 3:1 (see
87
AMPHORAS
like 118 contained a liquid export of some other kind (honey? in smaller quantities. The commercial notation on 119 uses Greek
here.75 Possibly amphoras vinegar?) that was desired numbers
is
but
in Hellenistic
a commercial
line. One
the
along
the Roman
ounces; and one
is unusual,76
Athens,
somewhere
volved
in Roman
apparently
of
wonders
these
standard, if
perhaps
can never
however,
amphoras,
the body of 122 has been pierced with many
container;
not unparalleled was merchant
though a western
in as
served
have
so that it
small holes,
or a
in which it would have the precise way sieve?although to be made of the local Pink of a fairly fine version is unclear.77 It appears functioned temper a common case so we of local here have another imitation, fabric, may inspiring imports Athens in 2nd-century (see p. 63, above). phenomenon come were most in depos from disturbed found of these contexts, many pieces Although a
its with
A few component. so a continuation
3rd-century significant and contexts, lst-century
late-2nd-
cannot
period
as a strainer
served
have
would
ruled
be
Form Amphora, Late Classical
Table
Amphora
(123,
124)
examples
rim with
outturned
the
of a harder, the form
contexts,
thinner
from
11/
Form
]
the
late-4th-century
the Early Hellenistic the first quarter of the like
the
4: Miniature
period, certainly 3rd century. A
the vessel
chous,
Pelike
in deposit
(none
examples
that of
than
(125,
are more
concave
to inside;
Size: 10.6-15.0 cm. Gloss
Date:
Ca.
inside, 350-300
Braun
Comparanda:
1970,
thick
from To judge to the last quarter of
on the interior, ridge in two parts. thrown
was
\3Lr
at base
of handles,
135, no.
p.
from
Charts 9, 24, Fig. 20, PL 19
126)
19, pi. 54
to below
shoulder
in two bands
and
at
r?r?
sample)
strap handles
finely
vessels.
Shape: Disk or ring foot; baggy body; high, broad neck; rim convex to outside,
Decoration:
\jj
y J
into
lasts
into century, possibly shows the base of the neck, that,
7 inventoried
strap handles
top;
from earlier in the 4th century,79 which
fabric
the 4th
Amphora,
fe\ from neck;
375-300/275
Sparkes and Talcott discuss examples and
flat on
below,
ridge
shoulder to just below ridge. Size: H. 15.5-25.9 cm. V-L/
crafted
turned up later Hellenistic
9, 24, Fig. 20, PL 18
Charts
3:
(4 in deposit sample) /^F^ Shape: Ring foot; ovoid body, not strongly differentiated
Ca.
the
out.78
3 inventoried Hellenistic
Date:
in
have
however, fragments, of the into shape
Well
(Dipylon
\\J
rim.
[ JJ Y
at belly. B
,Abschnitt
lb,
late 4th
to early
3rd
century). These
vessels, usually to table wares
closer
made
in Attic
than
to household
fine
(P 15408, from deposit H 17:1), another 75. Grace lakou
1970,
1956b,
p.
168; Grace
and
fabric ceramics.
18:3
tions,
see
Karapanou
and Katakouta
2000a,
pp.
117-118.
is rich in
78. One
in F 19:3 and two in the middle fill of fragment The fragmentary 121 (both Sullan destruction debris). also comes from a deposit of the late 2nd to early 1st century, but the Hellenistic fabric of which it ismade indicates water-jug
N
a lead other from cistern instance, weight from the p. 31, no. LW 70). Other (AgoraX, examples come from b.c. to Roman contexts. Agora lst-century 77. For a survey of pierced vessels and their possible func 76. Lang
N
are decoration, always bearing gloss a comes One from sacrificial deposit
from level V of well J 5:1, which
(P 29235)
Sawatianou-Petropou
p. 358. cites one
and
19:1
that nos.
it is a 3rd-century remnant in its context. 79. P 16129, P 18609, P 1959 (Agora XII, pp. 1462-1464,
fig.
12, pl. 61).
188-189,
338,
88
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
votive pottery. These contexts and deliberate holes broken through the floors of P 4433 and P 15408 suggest cult use, and these vessels may be classed with miniature household shapes like the small skyphoi, chytridia, and lopadia that served as offerings in pyres and other ritual The
deposits.80
comes
form
(125), and a somewhat
foot
come
examples
from
Form
the
of
half
ca.
(H.
10-11
the 4th
century.
(4 in deposit
examples foot;
Ring
Body
of a waster
sample) at angle; wide,
shoulder
are
there
several
rim. Only one complete may
fragment
^7
and
less angular,
household-ware be
Slope amphora
associated,
not
though
with
certainty.82
The
the
of
an inscribed
(127), with which
is known
example
rather
rope handles for the form
have amphoras Slope no offers fine ware parallel
Attic West
differences.
are
bodies
their
I
J
/
^y
to be based on the standard West
The form appears
pz^.
sp^=^\
/
Date: Late 2nd to early 1st century \
shoulder
(126). All seven
Charts 9, 24, Fig. 20, Pl. 19
(127)
lower wall, meeting
straight
Size:H. 21.2cm.V
shape,81 than straps,
a disk
with
existence
The
cylindrical neck; projecting, slightly overhanging rim, concave on top; ribbed strap handles from shoulder to neck.
but
cm)
cm) with a ring foot
(H. ca. 14-15
second
5: Angular
1 or 2 inventoried Shape:
of
vessel
that the form is local.
(P 6953) proves Amphora,
larger one
deposits
a smaller
two varieties:
in
example
complete
comes from the 2nd-century level of well G 14:2. Uninventoried fragments come from deposits laid down within the first half of the 1st century.83 The evidence is slight, but consistent with a date
in the
so the few
fabrics,
and
Form Amphora, with Ridged Large,
shoulder
rim.
9, 24, Fig. 20, Pl. 19
\(~\
\\\ \\
/
1st century B.C., continuing into 1st century a.d. Comparanda: TelAnafaII.1, p. 138, no. PW418, pl. 46 (ca. 75-20 B.C.). (128)
example
complete
comes
posit,
enough and thus an
incomplete into tinues
initial
vessels the
and with
features date
in the
of
deposit
(e.g., common a
sharp
130) era.
attest
j_____y
it to the same form; assign for the type 1st century early to a later
stage of the and the rim
are larger, They at the inner edge. ridge
80. AgoraXXIX, 215-216. pp. 206-208, P 6005 P 25874, for example, 81. Compare, p. 290, nos. 441, 443, figs. 32, 33, pi. 44).
/
\
the
to
it as local; the fabric of 129 is different,
of 128 identifies
inward
common
are
a
from
/
\
the rim of 129 ismissing,
first half of the 1st century. Although there
^(
j
1
Date:
only
//
L
J-
ca. 39 cm. \ /
Size: H.
The
Attic
standard
imports.
Shape: Ring foot; ovoid body; wide, cylindrical neck; projecting rim with low ridge below; broad, ridged handles from to below
the
(128-130)
(1 in deposit sample)
6 inventoried examples
of
Charts
6: Handles
in any
is known
No example early 1st century. are to be at Athens likely examples
late 2nd
82. (Agora XXIX,
Dionysos,
P
but
it comes seems
from assured.
a Sullan The
de
fabric
it could be Attic as well. Two
same
which shape, ismore elaborate,
for the 19179; see Agora XXI,
con
probably sloping
slightly
a dedication apparently graffito, p. 55, no. G 22, pi. 31.
83. D 19:2; E 14:3;middle fill of N 19:1.
to
89
AMPHORAS
Form Storage
Amphora, Lidded
4 inventoried
Amphora (9 in deposit
examples
9, 24, Fig. 21, PL 19
Charts
7: (131-134) sample)
Shape: Ring foot; ovoid body with maximum diameter at about halfheight, running smoothly into short neck; plain or slightly projecting greatest
Size:H. 17.8-24.2 cm. \ gloss shoulder.
Date: The tion
Mid-2nd
century
vertical
handles
link
suggest
a connection
workshops rarity of the suggest
this
that manufactured
that
the fact
shape, some or all of
r
J
of wavy
and
lines
bands
on neck
and
to 86
with
and
above
V^ v/
L/
decoration
Often
Decoration:
from
rim, with strap handles ridge below; to rim. diameter \ / ridge below
(C\^m uggg
amphoras, and the bins,
that
the
been
have
storage is significant variation may be imports, although
and
made
decora
in the
same
below
The (pp. 94-97). and shape within it, the fabric of 131 somewhat
in fabric
there
objects
treatment
surface
shape may vessels discussed
storage the larger
these
but
with
shape
resembles the local Pink temper fabric. A date as early as the middle of the 2nd century is attested by 131, from Thompson's Group D, and the form probably continued at least until the Sullan sack, since 132 and 134 come from Sullan destruction debris. Inspiration for the come if it is indeed kantharoi from fine-ware with molded local, may shape, use of both handles and rectangular these vessels, demonstrate the plain that the function been Their that of have size, however, may suggests than
the drinking cup, and that they served or other such as olives. foodstuffs, liquid
Other
Amphoras
6 inventoried
(135-140)
for
the
short-term
storage
rims,84 which,
(134). thumbplates the rather amphora of small amounts of
22, PL 20
21,
Figs.
like
examples
Six other vessels present a miscellany, and all are probably imported. 135 and 136 may contexts. 139 finds date within the 3rd century, but the others come from Late Hellenistic a
a in a closely similar from contents well in Corinth. The amphora parallel 2nd-century are discussed seem of the well, to which the debris Edwards, represent briefly by Roger a as as some from The well of the other vessels found painter's workshop.85 amphora,
with
it, carries the Doric
dipinto
CAKQMA, which
probably
records
the weight
of the ves
on the surface in commercial for convenience transactions. The of sel, noted fugitive slip a link to are 138 suggests are which The vessels, storage squat proportions usually slipped. of small reminiscent it would not to turn 138 into some and take much storage amphoras, context like 132. The in an on Delos and a thing parallel early-lst-century deposit certify
the Hellenistic may represent its hard fabric
136 is unusual body, for oil.
recalls
84. AgoraXXlX, 85. See Weinberg ample
of
the dipinto
date of 138; a fragmentary the and
further red
development on the gloss
for the gray wash fusiform
pp.
unguentaria,
of lip and
from Corinth,
this
into
shape interior,
and
suggests
perhaps
the Augustan the approaches
on its surface, which,
fig. 19, pis. 28-31. ex left; another p. 152, pl. 16:16, is illustrated in pl. 16:17. For Edwards's 105-107,
1949,
piece
that
discussion, 86. Slane
a local product,86
period. status of
137, with table ware.
like the shape of the lip and the the
see p. 1986,
may
amphora
152 and p. 279,
have
Corinth VII.3, no.
14, fig.
p. 231. 5.
been
used
90
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
FUNNELS were funnels Although after.87 They reappeared disappeared again until has
one
from
solids
a
such
the 2nd
another,
in ceramics.
history
narrow-necked least part
the answer
Since
century.
into
rare there were they remarkably the 6th and 5th centuries,88 then to transfer and always necessary liquids it is the that funnel one, surprising
in the Bronze in a few
in Athens
container
spotty
At
Age, of
examples it was
of
must
be
that other
materials
the need.89 A strip of leather, for instance, could easily be rolled into the right shape,
answered itwould
and
uncommon
not
no
leave
trace.
archaeological
Bronze
funnels,
which
be more
would
and
durable
probably lighter, are common at Pompeii,90 and may well have existed in Hellenistic Athens. A hole knocked or drilled in the bottom of an ordinary pot could also serve. The ceramic funnel reappeared inAthens in the first half of the 2nd century, but remained rare until the end of that century (see Chart 10 for the relative representation of the two forms
25, p. 228, for their chronological in the 1st century.91 all They
Chart
and
where
date
mostly
Hellenistic
distribution). represent
sporadic,
local
else
examples
and
productions,
there is great variability of shape, although almost always the rim or upper body is incurved to prevent spillage. Most of the funnels at Athens fall (as is true also of the Agora examples) into two main series: one banded, with an incurved rim with projecting lip; the other plain, with
an outturned a.d.,
century
rim do
they
a constricted
above not
until
reappear
upper body. Once Late Roman times.92
they
in the early
disappear,
1st
An intriguing feature of these implements is that they are usually found in groups: four from N 19:1, three from E 6:2, three or four from G 14:2, two from P 20:2 and F 13:3. These must
concentrations in perfume nels have
to some
ancient
one
located
point
shops; perhaps come to light, although
was
used funnels smaller may have been activity. The on the Kolonos fun several where small Agoraios, seems to be have been focus of the perfume trade
the main
southeast of the Agora (see below, pp. 139-140). The larger funnels could have served for a variety of liquids, though wine of course comes tomind. It is interesting that all of the funnels from G 14:2 (e.g., 141, 152) are close in size, even though they are of two different forms. i : Projecting
Form
Funnel,
11 inventoried Shape:
examples
Rim
(9 in deposit
Charts
(141-145)
sample)
or thickened in at top; projecting rim; bowl, curving below one horizontal attached sometimes handle, strap grooved,
Rounded
rim.
Date:
Gloss
S^
on exterior.
banding to first half
of
1st century
their history: Amyx summarize and Berlin 87. Amyx 1958, unaware of the disappearance of 256-258 was, however, (he pp. the shape after the Hellenistic p. 139. TelAnafall.l, period); at the Agora: AgoraXll, 88. Best attested pp. 230-231, fig. 14, collects pp. 257-258) iron and bronze.
epigraphical
refer
vol. 1, pp. 88-89, 90. Tassinari 1993, forms R1100-R2300, vol. 2, pp. 197-199. CLXXI; pis. CLXX, none have the of which 91. For other Hellenistic examples, no. 643, see Corinth VII.3, as the Agora same forms funnels, left lower 4 1991b, p. (frontispiece), p. 115, figs. 25,60; Drougou and Philimonos 1990, p. 175, Patsiada, (Pella); Giannikouri, pl. 89:oc (Rhodes,
^"^S
cm.
15.8-33.9
175/125
pl. 96. 89. Amyx (1958, ences to funnels of
\3f
\f
Size: Diam. Decoration:
10, 25, Fig. 22, PL 21
first half of 1st century);
de Vaux
1956, fig. 5:11,
a.d.
12 (= Lapp a.d.
68/9); 47, 84
pis. n. 16, no.
Period II, 4 b.c 1961, p. 183, type 68:C, D; Qumran, nos. PW 420-423, Tel Anafa 139-140, II.l, pp. B.C. and later); Kraeling 1938, p. 564, (1st century 41, pl. 50:30 1930, 30, fig. 42 (Gerasa); p. Fitzgerald
Dothan 79:18, 23:10, 144, figs. 1971, pp. 61, Shan); (Beth Annecchino of 1st century); first quarter (Ashdod, pl. LXXI:6 Rosado and Mata Par Bonet 1977, p. Ill, fig. 3:21 (Pompeii); to other reno reference 1997, pp. 44?45, fig. 8:1 (Spain, with 18 Iberian 19, 55, (Tarra 1973, p. fig. Type examples); Vegas second half gona, 92. For Roman
of 4th
century). see P examples, nos. M M 253, 119, 108, 95, pis. pp. turies A.D.
11618, 18, 71),
P
11585 3rd
and
(AgoraV, 4th cen
FUNNELS
91 --n
n-
70
Deposit sample
Inventory
60-H
50-H
40-H 30-H
20-H
o -I? ?1 Funnel 1
10. Funnels
Chart
A
Bin 1
Funnel 2 and
storage
Bin 2: large Bin 2: small in
bins
deposit
and
sample
a banded
uninventoried documents
the
not preserved,
the banding
and the Pink temper fabric of the fragment
All
series.
the other
of
reappearance are
however,
examples,
lst-century
are of Pink
Some
deposits.
that all are Attic products, is consistent shape common feature The
is uncertain.
shape A
M,94 which
well-preserved around
ca.
by
suggest next
rim
the
175. Although
later. The
in
found
shape
is
to
it belongs
occurrence
is in
in
(142, 143), and the shape iswell attested
fabric
temper
143);
(e.g.,
of shape
uniformity
of unusual
suggests
(144, P 33090).
fabrics
The
a series, has handle, grooved and its rim is less sharply defined than on earlier fun the 1st century how far into the century a.d., though was found in the lowest levels of Robinson's Group at the end
145,
throughout, although of Roman plain ware, survived into probably
was
funnel
Bin 3
of uncertain
considerably
two are made
although
funnel
the
laid down near the end of the century
deposits
nels.
fragment
'
inventory
small single, P 21:493 cistern
this
of
' iM
M i
??I ,
, M?U?"?'
of
a
the
example the middle
of the century. Thereafter the form deposited record until its reintroduction much later. the archaeological in size within The considerable variation this group that these funnels suggests
disappears
from
a
with have
variety been used
of different
at the
Those
shapes. wine into
to decant
a fine-ware
of the form is linked to the increasing Form
Funnel,
10 inventoried
or
Rounded
Shape:
horizontal Size: Decoration: Date:
93. Stored to be associated rather
Diam. Gloss Ca.
(5 in deposit
examples
subangular strap handle.
7.0-19.4
end
lagynos,95
of
the
and
142-144) (e.g., that the reappearance
range itmay be
Charts
(146-150)
used could
of such lagynoi in 2nd-century
popularity Rim
2: Outturned
small
were
Athens.
10, 25, Fig. 23, Pl. 21
sample)
body,
constricted
at top; outturned
on exterior
of
r
rim; small
I ~T*
^ r
cm.
on
sometimes interior, 140 to early 1st century
in lot Q 502. A fragment from E 14:6 is probably with the 2nd-century disturbance of that deposit
than
its 3rd-century component. no. M 9, 94. P 11651 (AgoraV, p. 85, pi.
18).
lip.
a.d.
95. For fine-ware 127-128, pp. 121.
226-230,
lagynoi figs.
from 37,
the Agora, 88-94,
pis.
see 49,
Agora XXIX, 115-117,
120,
funnels
These
fall
two groups
into
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
92
measure
to size. Most
according
7 and
between
cm
10.2
in diameter and are made of a fine, orange, and certainly local fabric (146-149). Despite their small size, bowl and spout were made separately, and the join between them was left on the inside. The handle is so small as to be impractical for holding, but a unsmoothed or cord thong could have been threaded through it for hanging. The small size of these funnels
suggests
oil, particularly easier
shape
to?funnels
used
for
are
clean.
They oil-sellers by
wipe held
that were
liquids
oil; the glazed
perfumed to
vessels
were
they
the
in red-
and
same
as
such
volume,
be suitable here also, making
interiors would
about
in small
transferred
size
in one
as?and,
Most
representations.96
black-figure
the
similar
case,
in
come
from Late Hellenistic deposits, but a single fragment in Group D (146) reveals that these small funnels were in use by the third quarter of the 2nd century. The context of 149 brings the
series
at
down
least
to the early
The second group consists of than the others, with diameters the two pieces more carefully the first half of the 1st century Other
Funnels
4 inventoried
the series described above. A large fragment (151) from Q 11:3, the middle of the 2nd century, is of interest for its relatively early to determine
suggests in Athens, paralleled
the
interior,
the
shape, so it does not
belong
and
short, have been
one rim is strongly The spouts. preserved strictly cylindrical from amounts of in effective splash large liquid preventing
153 has a heavy offset at the junction of the spout of 153 is quite large?too
into the mouth fit nicely It does, however, amphoras. This uncommon Athens. one in not an Italian lst-century type, but into such a vessel. for transferring intended been liquid
VESSELS the houses
for storage of the foodstuffs, How
this
was
requirement
RC 1063 (CVA Tarquinia Tarquinia CV 32, 33 Fasanerie Schloss 36[1185]:2); 1 [Germany 1925-1939, (Albizzati
11],
pl.
32[510]:1);
pl. 61:413).
2
met
were
both will
[Italy 26], pl. Fasa (CVA Schloss 413 Museums Vatican
urban
of spout and body that large, for instance, for of a Dressel large
funnel
vMae
rusticae,
not
dwellings,
liquid and dry, that formed emerge
I amphora, may
have
STORAGE
FOR LONG-TERM the Agora
encircling
96.
nerie
two main
for their large size, relatively
Hellenistic
ily meals.
of either
the
to a foot or to a spout. The banded decoration is curving down?either are earlier rims known incurved to funnels, with and funnels simple relationship is not interior The in the Hellenistic and elsewhere however, banding, period.97 come a it In either from bowl. on funnels, well could and the piece event, equally
ing. The two are not identical: is lacking in 154. The diameter
to provide
traces of
the wall
construction, heavy and would incurved
Although
no
to either
is a unique piece of fairly fine fabric, and probably an import. Two funnels (153,154) fromGroupF (N19:l) are remarkable
most
are
there
but
of the early 1st century produced 152, a segment of the wall and rim of a inside and out. The piece breaks off just at the size with banded decoration
series. A deposit bowl of medium a
21
examples
is enough preserved on or of banding gloss
where
PL
23,
Fig.
Not
exterior
point
only two inventoried examples (e.g., 150), considerably larger of 17.8 and 19.4 cm. 150 is fully glazed and the join between than in the small funnels. Both examples date in smoothed a.d.
(151-154)
Four pieces fall outside shortly before deposited context.
a.d.
1st century
more
97. E.g.,
from
clearly P 6646
P 11966, both
fig. 14, pl. 96), n. 91, above, have
Archaic.
plain,
had
the basis of the fam Barbara
(AgoraXll, Several
incurved
each
rims.
Tsakirgis's
p. 376, nos. 2004, 2005, in cited of the funnels
FOR LONG-TERM
VESSELS
93
STORAGE
the Agora but a study of the ves architecture that surrounds of the domestic square, analysis a answer. can to the contribution Some houses sels intended for storage also make probably set into the in in storage of these have survived few had areas, although large pithoi ground or are in attested situ or intact. More smaller, movable bins, storage commonly jars ranging
or kitchen
size from 25 to 50 cm in height, which may have sat in the storeroom
area. Vessels
in handy. for other purposes also came for example, fashioned Transport originally amphoras, once not but of their wine stored would contents, also, emptied only newly purchased original for a wide this may have been used in part explain the wide range of dry and liquid products; in the handles encountered in of dates range any single stamped amphora deposit.98 or ovoid vessels with horizontal handles and constricted open globular sturdy Capacious ings,
lids, were
to take
designed
a common
of ceramic
type
in Hellenistic
container
storage
Athens. The three main forms discussed below differ primarily in the form of the rim: with or without a flange, or with the flange to the outside or the inside. Their primary purpose was probably the storage of foodstuffs, especially grain and grain products, although they were
doubtless
been
used
have
held
new
bride
into
pressed
for
service
for
other
as well.
commodities
will have vessels Larger ones like canisters, may, its smallest the incarnation,
in the household
smaller
storage pantry; for ready use in the kitchen. In was also use as a toilet vessel, as such makes for and in appearances shape adapted regular serve as urns bins could for cremation care also ash burials.100 Considerable graves.99 Storage was were in the manufacture taken of these vessels, which and usually slipped gloss-deco rated with after utensils of the women's A were, all, patterns. They simple important sphere. longer-term amounts smaller
have
might
passed down within of
construction moved,
the bins that
suggests
reliable
concentration leading shops The study
away located
or more
fact
life spans
to daughter.
that
they
were
long.
than
large
the dates
from
the
there
corner
southwest
of
the Agora
may have had particular storage called a stamnos by Thompson it would be better suggests applied
shape of that word
to a specific form of Classical In smaller
vessel.104
pouring a stamnoid or a (sometimes pyxis pyxoid to avoid In order further and confusion, adopted
Sparkes's that
following Amyx,105 For a summary
have
representation
98. See 2002, Finkielsztejn of dates of amphoras
of
the
three
infrequently very old by
are therefore
a less
suggests
and Robinson,102 to some sort of
amphora
is irregular. A heavy F 13, west of the road that
amphora.103
subsequent "Stamnos"
as well as, in the Roman
shape
is
called usually when executed
or
the houses
but Amyx's
for examples of the pp. 231-232 in closed at Marisa and deposits
to smaller
vessels
of Form
forms
in the deposit
sample
see Chart 25 (p. 228).
ranges,
2
(p. 96,
below). nn. 110 and 120. 100. See below, 101. Cistern E 14:1 (three bins, e.g., 159,174), cistern (18 bins, e.g., 161), well E 14:6 (five bins, e.g., 158); well for over a third of (seven bins, e.g., 160), accounting
E 14:3
comparanda
been
other In the absence many shapes. occurs of deposits where the shape should be read with the caveat above
square,101 needs.
the
be
might
a lebes
period, or
pyxis in finer wares. stamnos), especially to the with what went before, emphasize continuity term and Talcott's bin" for the "storage larger vessels. suggest, They some such shape may have borne name the ancient oxkvt}.
10; for their chronological
ranges
sizes,
bins
therefore
and their contexts
case with
fine
along with the sturdy
and
they may
Consequently,
has been
Skythopolis. 99. See
This possibility,
spans given below. suggested They distribution of these vessels within the excavation spatial of storage in two cisterns bins and two wells in E 14 and
to a one-handled
Chart
and
marriage,
often
debris,
is the
as elsewhere
were
the
has also been applied
I have
to a
her
with
their way into household
chronology here however,
evidence,
generated in mind. The
the
to their
guide
have
and
their
the time they found of other
one
brought
a family, from mother
F 13:3 the
79
bins
and
inventory,
see
in the deposit sample. no. E 134; 102. Thompson 1934, p. 418, under e.g., AgoraV, no. G 101, and nos. p. 31, under p. 55, under J 39, J 40. 103. Amyx 1958, pp. 190-195. 104. For the Classical see 1967, with a dis shape, Philippaki cussion of the arbitrariness of the nomenclature on pp. xvii-xix; see also Richter and Milne 1935, pp. 8-9. For the Roman shape, see Sackett 1992, p. 177. 105. Amyx
1958,
pp.
195-197.
94
Storage Rim with
i :
Form Bin, External
11 inventoried
ovoid,
10, 25, Figs. 24-26,
or
biconical,
w
?*?H
sample) baggy
to exterior; horizontal in handles round (single or double), strap, or grooved, attached of above diameter, greatest point or may be vertically, diagonally, horizontally
and
Slipped or
lines, Date:
Late
\
as
early the
inventory,
L^T with
bands,
wavy
last quarter
of
the
of
number
5th
century.106
in the deposit
in
shape
shows
sample
es
continues
it is rather sparsely represented
counted
fragments
Hellenistic
century);
the lip, appears
flange below
The
one. Although
(Chios, mid-3rd
12:d
pi.
from other bins by the external
from the Classical
large
\
y
nos. 257-265, 1954, pp. 154-155, no. Z 123:A (mid-2nd p. 119, century).
as the
sentially unaltered
\
\
gloss-decorated
form, distinguished
Athens
1
/ /
Anderson
SamosXTV,
The
I
garlands. to 1st century
5th
Possibly
Comparanda:
B
\\
^
flange section
set. Size:H. 27.4-52.0 cm. \
/^??\
_
body;
vertical or inclined rim with broad, horizontal
Decoration:
Pis. 21, 22
(155-163)
(62 in deposit
foot;
WARE
Charts
Flange
examples
Ring
Shape:
HOUSEHOLD
in the it was
that
in fact a common Hellenistic shape. The flange is suitable for a slip-over lid such as 330 and like the bins, carry gloss decoration. 331, which, series. 155, dating in the second half of the 4th century, stands at the head of the Hellenistic on in It is distinguished the handles the fine the and shoulder. (round section) by grapevine The
was
fabric
identified
and
by Sparkes
as Corinthian
Talcott
to me
seems
but
red,107
similar to the local Pinkish buff fabric. The surface is quite sparkling, and, although be
due
largely
lime
its low remains
to quartz
is higher
inclusions
content
and
are
there
grits,
some
large mica
fairly
flakes.
abundant
shiny
gray
The
inclusions.
The
number
of dull
red
the fabric is similar to Attic
in Attic wares, but otherwise
than normal
very
this may
vessel's
of origin,
point
in
then,
uncertain.
to it in shape and fabric, also with a garland on the shoulder, but with double is 156, which is probably only slightly later. Fine bins like this might be imported,
Similar handles, as many
of
the Classical
of bands
decoration 1st century
attests
examples and
(158-160),
but
were,108
examples
some Late Hellenistic
there
are
also
from
floral garlands replaces more decoration elaborate
lines
wavy although
local
as the
products, about
in the
form
fabric
of
160). Plainer
(159, 162, 163, P 3392, and perhaps
the mid-3rd
to the
a
wave
of
stylized
pattern is found on 163, which probably dates to the 2nd or 1st century. One example (159) its Pink temper fabric suggests that it is a local combines gloss and white in its decoration; of the mixed context in component product and identifies it as part of the later Hellenistic which itwas found (E 14:1, lower fill). On these later bins, a strap handle, often heavy and horizontal and set in a nearly grooved are also more with later pieces slender, does
probably
106. P 24181 a Form
1 bin
of
107. AgoraXIl,
not
(AgoraXIl, that date. p. 344,
continue
p. 344,
past
no.
1536,
the
fig.
position, the height 1st century
13, pl. 67)
is
becomes always B.C.
fabric,
standard. exceeding
see Farnsworth
108.AgwwXII,p. under
no.
1537.
For Corinthian
red
1970, 196.
The
proportions The the diameter.
p.
10.
of
the
form
VESSELS
Storage Rim with
Form Flange
Bin, no
6 inventoried
10, 25, Figs. 27, 28, PL 23
(164-168) ^
/
sample)
^"
foot; ovoid
Ring
I
vertical
Size: H. 30.2-43.5 Decoration:
Gloss
Date:
At
/
\ / \
/
\
cm. \ / or
motifs
H
\
shoulder; body with rounded on two flat horizonrim, top; plain, or set vertically diagonally tally attached, on shoulder, flanked handles by nipples.
Shape:
95
STORAGE
Charts
2:
(9 in deposit
examples
FOR LONG-TERM
incised
on
lines
wavy
shoul-
^~ \^__^__?I
to Early Roman
least 5th century
Corinth first half of 2nd century?); 1949, p. 152, pl. 17:19, 20 (Corinth, n. Bitrakova Grozdanova 4; 1994, p. 219, pis. 166:8, VII.3, (Golem 168:y p. 105, no. 45, of 3rd 83 first 101, 1992, Grad); (Knossos, p. quarter century); pl. Callaghan Tsatsaki Ioannidou-Karetsou 1975, pp. 207-209, [Crete]); pl. 214:p (Ayia Pelagia
Weinberg
Comparanda:
2000,
23:a
p. 46, pl.
(Chersonesos);
III, fig. XII:8; Belov 1962, p. 162, fig. 22 Paphos ca. 320 nos. 44 Ac Ac 4, pl. 103-104, 3, (Chersonesos,
(Eleutherna); pp.
Panskoyel,
270). as far a low, vertical back the plainest of the storage with rim, can be traced This, shapes, com was as the 5th century at the In it less the Hellenistic much however, Agora.109 period, was food common mon at Athens its primary function 1. Like the more than Form form, as ash at attest in the bins also served but Hellenistic cemeteries Corinth that finds storage, urns.110
The fabrics of the Agora bins are various, and only 164 can be identified with assurance as a local product. All are decorated on the upper body with either painted or incised mo of the earliest (164) and its fine painted decoration tifs. The state of preservation suggest its 2nd-century that, despite or even earlier. It apparently
had
dates
it probably
context, strap
but
handles,
rope handles may be found on an undecorated at Corinth,111
century
in a scheme
from
bins
shoulder, a significantly
earlier
and
considerations,
the Early
Roman
however, and period,
argue another
Since
a small
storage
at
vessel
incised decoration
on
of
related
were
vessels
often
date.
Hellenistic
example
comes
shape rather
saw
wide
distribution, in Lake Grad,
and Golem
its floruit
in the Early with closely Prespa,
Roman
similar examples to the north.113
109. P 2519, P 9232, P 11011, P 23681 (AgoraXII, p. 344, nos.
1538-1541,
13, pi. 68). p. 105, n. 4.
fig. 110. CorinthVll.Z, 111. Weinberg 1949, 112.
It is also
represent
Roman
p.
152, pi.
period.112
fill overlay middle 20:1, (M fill), Roman disturbance 113. CorinthVH.3,
17:19.
perhaps unlikely, possible, though in their Late Hellenistic intrusions
A Roman
that both contexts.
va Grozdanova
1994,
suggest.
at Corinth
date
a
Roman
context
purely
from
incised
form to the
Corinth
has
a
south,
in which 165 was found deposit 166 comes from a deposit with a small
the Sullan and
to
the first stages of a
this
event,
reported
sedentary
(169) and
Parallels
from
In any
shape
contexts
(P 11148, from B 14:2). It seems likely, then, that 165 and 166 represent that
century, Similar
contexts
Roman
Early
than their Late Hellenistic
for a Late Agora
on
found
be earlier
and
(165, 166) have
deposits
pattern context (250-170).
3rd
handles.
bin from a well of the first half of the 2nd later Hellenistic
also
lived a long life, 165 and 166 might Other
from
Two bins from Late Hellenistic
the Agora. the
as on
as well
the
within comfortably the others have rope
(N 20:4). p. 105, n. 4, C-62-108 p. 219,
pis.
166:5,
and C-62-24; 168:y
(Golem
Bitrako Grad).
HOUSEHOLD
96
WARE
Small (4 in deposit sample)
2 inventoried examples Shape:
runs body; shoulder smoothly on shoulder. set horizontal handles
into vertical
ovoid
foot;
Ring
^C^
CvJ3
diagonally Size: H. < ca. 20.0
rim;
J y
cm.
dots, and wavy lines over white slip. to 3rd century Roman (at least 2nd century a.d.) Bruneau 1970a, p. 456, no. 57.1, figs. 49-51 p. 65, no. 75.8, (Argos, 3rd century); MedeonV, b 1997, p. 51, pi. 33:a, (Lamia, 4th cen figs. 113, 114 (ca. 260-250); Papakonstantinou and and Touratsoglou 1980, pp. 30-31, 159-160, pi. 7 (Veroia); Kirigin tury); Drougou
Decoration:
Gloss
Dale: Comparanda:
banding,
Marin da
1988, pp.
2nd
[Albania],
1990,
2,4, pi. 26 (Issa); Bereti
no. 4Ka, pi. 83 (Aman and Philimonos Patsiada,
1997, p. Ill,
Giannikouri,
undecorated);
century, pis. 92-95
176-178,
pp.
nos.
132-133,
4th and (Rhodes, and Philimonos
3rd centuries,
with
to many
references
Patsiada, 1989, pis. 37, 39, 55, 58 (Rhodes); Ja no. Breccia 1912, p. 43, no. 80, pis. XLIIL60, 13871, fig. 6 (Chalchi); copi 1932, p. 125, CVA late 4th to early 3rd century); XLIV:62, (Alexandria, p. 83, no. 242, pi. LVHL130 4 [Italy 44], pp. 6-7, pi. 3[1976]:4-7 (4th century). Capua Giannikouri,
more);
to
bins of Form termed 2, but commonly storage larger are in well attested where Hellenistic lebetes, graves, they pyxides, pyxides, a were as grave or ash urns. It is that served but, mortuary they primarily shape, gifts possible seems to derive in life as toilet vessels. if not, from the The served shape clearly they probably a in Attica, but elsewhere often left unglazed vessel Classical lebes gamikos, always figured The Hellenistic follow this tradi with bands and and decorated gloss patterns.114 examples common are in Rhodian of the 4th and 3rd centuries115 but tion. They graves particularly Small
containers
in form
similar
or
stamnoid
have
wide
fairly
at the Agora and and
fabric, the ware
and
red?are
as
distribution,
the
in only two inventoried and
both
bears
uninventoried
On
in the
1st centuries.
in this
Beginning size.116
small
Storage Rim with
Form Bin, Internal
2 inventoried Shape:
Straight,
outwardly
interior;
grooved
sample)
surface
the
a.d.,
shape
carries
form
in details
a
handles
examples
exists
of form
white
locally
10, 25, Fig. 28, PL 23
I i small
in the 2nd
date
to be produced
began
Charts
Y
rim with
inclined horizontal
the
the two inventoried
3: (169, 170)
(4 in deposit
examples
each
1st century
Flange
The
fugitive slip, of white-ground Two colors?black lagynoi. consists of bands, which lines, and dots. An wavy as R 13:9, documenting of the form import early
as the first third of the 3rd century, although and
demonstrate.
to that
in the decoration, occurs in cistern
fragment
above
(167, 168), each unique
examples
probably imported. some resemblance
employed
listed
comparanda
flange
set diagonally
on on
c^-
\>
-1 \ V ' i
shoulder. Size: Decoration: Date:
114. For see
Est. Diam. On
one,
Ca.
200-86
unglazed
nos.
(Rhodes).
an
incised
cm. wavy
line and wave
pattern
of earlier examples periods, P 64-P 68, pl. 36-37 (attributed 1931, p. 135, no. XLIV.l, fig. 131 157,160,
nos.
40:1,
42:9,
figs.
144,
on
shoulder.
115. For a discussion
or banded
pp. 38-40, OlynthusV, to pie-Persian strata); Jacopi Laurenzi 1936, pp. (Rhodes); 148
16.0-25.0
of the history of and Philimonos Patsiada,
see Giannikouri,
the shape 1990,
on Rhodes, pp.
176-178.
116. P 11487, P 7581, P 8336, P 10049, P 11640, P 9923 (Agora V, pp. pis.
6,
31-32, 10,
55, 88, 91, nos. G 18,21).
101, J 4, J 40, M
39, M 40, M
75,
FOR LONG-TERM
VESSELS
STORAGE
97
a fork-shaped rim is created by an interior the third form, which is scantily represented, on The the of the larger of the two inventoried examples incised decoration shoulder flange. in fabric, form, size, and date. The (169) links it to large vessels of Form 2, despite differences
On
are
vessels
a lid, possibly
to take
designed
indicate a span of ca. 200 to 86. The its shoulder translates coarse
a conical
one
like
something
333.
contexts
Their
smaller of the two (170) has an incomplete
on
dipinto
in part, aocKco|i[a], that probably the Doric form of ar|Kco|ia, a word that LSJ reads, as or standard measure. a number standard of Edwards noted weight, weight, Roger a
from
vessels
Corinthian
2nd-century
that bear
well
this word
followed
a numeral;
by
he interpreted the term as ameasure of capacity.117 Mabel Lang published two more dipinti from the Agora containing the word, this time in its Attic form (ar|K(0|Lia),and both dating in the Roman period.118 There the word is followed by a weight unit and a numeral, and it is clear
the dipinto
that
some commodity
filled with
that was bought
that the vessel is most suggests a Doric have been written by
170 could
Other
Large
Storage
4 inventoried
likely speaker
a useful
the vessel,
notation
The Doric
by weight.
import?though in Athens. resident
(171-174)
not
it was
when
dialect
to be
on
of the dipinto as
necessarily,
the dipinto
28, 29, Pl. 23
Figs.
examples
rather
turned and
an
Vessels
of a fine fabric
171 is made
of
the weight
records
not have itmay rim, and as well as the banded the handles,
of
link to small storage jars of Form 2, although close parallel on Crete.119 A single bin (172) rim?instead
for white-ground
a vertical
than
the position
to that used
similar
of plain
an
with
external
been
it has an out
lagynoi;
decoration
a lid.
to take
intended and
the
Its
fabric,
shape a
suggest
its function was probably different. It finds a is similar to vessels of Form 1, except for the it is flat
flange,
on
top,
to the
angled
and
interior,
in antiquity, was found within a large slightly projecting. The bin, which had been mended fill the within half second of the 2nd dumped dating century, and contained the bones of a was a found fusiform unguentarium dog. Below the bin (507). At the time of the discovery, the assemblage was nicknamed "Fido's Grave" (B 22:2), though it is also possible that it is the
of a sacrifice
remains
shape
size were
and
lenistic and Roman at Athens
would
rather
than as
used
regularly
the burial funerary
periods;120 it is possible
reveal
their
use
there
1 bins, but the shape is decidedly
as well.
of a beloved urns
of similar pet. Vessels generally and on Samothrace in the Hel
at Sardis
that fuller publication 173
shares
and
slipping
baggy, and the hole mouth,
of Hellenistic
cemeteries
decoration
with
Form
its rim rolled out and upwardly
is not
on any other vessel from the Several vessels similar paralleled Agora. closely and decoration have been from eastern where the Lokris, recently reported shape seems to be at home.121 the fabric of 173 resembles the local Pink tem Therefore, although as an the bin is best Its date is also uncertain; it was per fabric, regarded import. although associated with the Hellenistic material in cistern F 5:1 at the time of excavation, fragments thickened, in shape
were found neck
at different
of which
decoration
found
to the Early
Roman
117.
In Weinberg
levels of the cistern
considerable
1949,
at Corinth
Early dates
Roman to the
Greenewalt
found.
a.d.,122
and
A
of
bin itmay
be
similar that
173
in the
and shape too dates
period.
p. 152; for the well,
see CorinthVL1.3,
231-232
120. Sardis:
was
pottery 1st century
(South Stoa, Well XIX). 118. P 21788, P 9897 pp. 77, 79, nos. He 5, He 22, (AgoraXXI, pis. 42, 44; see p. 65 for discussion). 119. Ducrey, Hadjimichali, and Picard 1976, p. 263, no. 537, fig. 9 (Lato). pp.
levels is not recorded),
(precisely which
1979, p. 14, fig.
14; Greenewalt
et al.
p. 164, fig. 32; Rotroff 244, pi. 42. Samothrace: to a.d. 50). 25 b.c 1990,
and Oliver
243,
SamothraceXI.2,
121. Dakoronia, 122. which nesian,
2003,
pp. pp.
67-68, 811-814
nos. (ca.
forthcoming. XVIII.2, p. 122, no. 266, fig. 31, the fabric of is compared to that of no. 261, identified as "Pelopon Corinthian" possibly (p. 121). Corinth
98 HOUSEHOLD is of
174
an
different scale and design than the entirely and undecorated walls surface (2 cm thick) was meant to the be moveable. suggest object
Its heavy two handles
here. the
Lids
Pithos
(175-177)
4 inventoried
in deposit
aware.
are
vessels
storage reminiscent
presented of a pithos, but
sample)
in use in the Hellenistic
pithoi
as far as I am
at the Agora,
other
29, PL 23
Fig.
(none
examples
twoHellenistic
Only
WARE
period have been found
the pithos
One,
contained
that
intact and in situ Group
Thompson's
D, was
located inside a Hellenistic house just south of the Southwest Fountain House.123 Itwas filled with rubbish in the third quarter of the 2nd century, but itmay have gone out of service long that. The
before north
was pithos in the 2nd
other
the Aiakeion
of
are
that we hinting from Hellenistic
dealing
with
deposits,125
but,
as a as a but rather basin vessel, storage settling was a It is that this use, again secondary century.124 possible an old vessel. A few rim fragments have been inventoried vessels would since such monumental have had a long life, not
serving
in date. All, in any event, conform to they are likely to be Classical rather than Hellenistic the neckless type that Elizabeth Boggess reports is standard from the 5th century to at least the Late
Roman
The
excavations
period.126 have
with a hole
pierced
some
hole
requires is rather large
for
a
there
one
with
flat
thick,
disks
of
covers
have been of
the
in the
stages
a
be
may
cover
as the
lid,
pithos
of
though
3 inventoried
(3 in deposit or
Flat bottom
Shape:
flaring
of wine.127
Date:
Ca.
H
123. Deposit
Sackett
1973,
16:4. Thompson 130, pl. XXIV.
1934, p. 369, fig. 54; Boggess
p. 389,
nos.
133,
134, fig.
12, from
the Vari
XII, 4th
context.
PL
ovoid
flat underside;
24
body;
I
J
published
by Brun
\J
1972, pp.
136,198-200.
See also P 19422
p. 180, fig. 6), a neckless pithos p. 195; Young room of the Poros Building. in the northwest century 1951a,
(Agora of the Pithoi
type from
of similar and Brunet
an oil press
on Delos
592,
602,
(1997, pp. use of pithoi
596,
are
24, 25). of wine
figs. is illustrated in the production wine where on two amphoras painter, by the Amasis painted a set into the into from the pressing flows pithos platform Martin 420 and Wiirzburg, (Basel, Antikenmuseum ground von Museum 49-50, 1976, pp. 205; Sparkes figs. 4, 5). Wagner 127. The
von Martin 1976, fig. 7 (Wiirzburg, Wagner a large and 208), where satyrs surround Dionysos name a of the The in set the into vineyard. ground pithos were used that pithoi also festival Pithoigia Athenian implies of wine. for the storage See
also
Museum
House. 126. Boggess
It
in diameter.
125-86
pp. 79-80, 114:2. Rotroff 124. Deposit 1972, 1988, pp. 87-88; Boggess no. 129, pis. XXIV, LXVIII. p. 79, of three 125. Boggess 1972, pp. 78-81, catalogues fragments to which may be Hellenistic from contexts, additional pithoi added P 19116, P 19227, and P 22877. Cf. also Jones, Graham, and
a meter
cm.
10.5-11.4
no.
1972,
of the Alter
lift the heavy cover. in diameter, with a seal with the vessel is too small to have
its 3rd-century
than
29,
foot with
projecting or triangular rim. \ Size: H.
over
aperture a cover to a
such
\?i?r
sample)
button
was
vintage
Fig.
(178-180)
examples
which
found, earlier
of much
possibly
Pithos?
Miniature
it was
in which
the well
the
but
fermentation
a it easier to natively, the hole could have functioned as handle, making 68.5 cm in design is a heavy, uneven disk (175), approximately Different to facilitate a tight recessed rim around the outer edge of the underside on two the handles it covered, and with upper side for lifting. It heavy served
(176, 177). The
the contents
to aerate
intended
and
diameters
varying
served as pithos
to beehive covers, comparison are no for attaching provisions
It invites and
lids, the hole might
in connection
possibly
several
uncovered
explanation. flight hole,
hive. If they are pithos pithos,
also
at the center, which may have
Sparkes
99
MORTARS
Two of these three puzzling and period, these objects,
lenistic to see
of miniature
vessels
in the past been the role playing
have
they
however,
but suggests rather some practical is somewhat
in
different
tom.129
a hole
Such
undesirable the bottom
of
was
dye precursor a drain vat with
at floor
used
somewhat
not
for these small vessels. The rather
projecting
a
than
by
level,
drawn found
out
the hole
through in a Hellenistic
a
rim,
below.
the
together with
out straining a and with spout for the production
two are
in some
or
related
way
If this was
of
floated
have
the purpose
likely related
near
larger an oil
housed
that
dyestuff
precious
that, even though
served
some
the liquid
a much
the oil would
179 suggests
flat
plain,
in
Similarly, that also
minute?more
(180)
the wall near the bot
through
at Praesos
house
were
in question
of material
different,
third example
triangular
in
useful
than oil. The fact that 180 was found are
does
interior
It is hard pithoi.128 chief functions toy?the full-sized imitate pithoi,
that solids would have been skimmed off the top, while
been
the amounts
served,
or
as an oil separator. In this operation, interpreted water out below.131 drained and the undesirable
has been press, to the surface, 180
have
votive
a
instance,
purple dye;130 it is speculated could
the
pithos of the Hel
as miniature
interpreted of either
or separating liquids larger pot, but of similar shape at Canaanites 13th-century Sarepta
been
have
For
the wall,
a
the typical neckless
foot, and a hole has been pierced
would
substance.
function
it has
shape;
instead of a button
bottom
on
the gloss
Furthermore,
pots.
resemble
(178,179)
the forms
purposes.
The precise dating of these objects is something of a problem. 179 and 180 were found one secure most in of the Sullan in the together Agora (M 20:1). The third example deposits (178) comes from a 2nd-century deposit whose closing date is difficult to pinpoint (E 15:4). it seems
within
Nothing
15 or 20 years for lowering
date deposit an argument
a date
to demand later. We the upper
later
ca.
than
thus allow a span may limit could be made.
would 125, but its contents of ca. 125-86 for the shape,
a
allow though
MORTARS A
broad,
Athenian inner
shallow
household
surface
sels made Latin.134 frequent suggested discussion
suggest stone.133
of
Numerous
that of
bowl
heavy
from Archaic an association The
on
the vessels the Roman
a
with
with
the presence floors, were used instead for
mortarium,
Dietwulf
131, pis. XXV, LII. Another p. 80, no. from the Agora, smaller and from a pithos P 28575 no. 132, 1972, pp. 80-81, (Boggess
1972,
context: 4th-century pis. XXV, LII). 129. Objects of closely similar shape, with an open underside and sometimes
considerably holes pierced
larger but
through lower wall, have been at the Herodian found at Jeri palace cho: Kelso andBaramki 1955, p. 31, no. 104, type 35, pis. 13, 25; Pritchard 1958, p. 52, fig. 59:28, pl. 47:2 1961, p. 183, (= Lapp no. B). These have been as identified conclusively flowerpots, a function that 180 cannot have served because of its small size. the
see D. B. 1937. flowerpots, Thompson 130. Pritchard and 1978, pp. 126-127, fig. 120; McGovern Michel 1990, p. 72, fig. 3. 131. Bosanquet 1901-1902a, pp. 268-269, figs. 35, 36. and Classical 132. For Archaic see examples, Agora XII, For Athenian
which
is the
Baatz
feature
of
the
ves of similar purpose Qveia or xbpxq in Greek, in mortarium but some concerned the scholars, by
of a spout, the
a common
times.132The form and the roughened
through Hellenistic
the
was
interior
roughened
grinding, name was ancient probably testimonia describe its use,
ancient
lack of wear
128. Boggess miniature
possible
and
likely
and
the
of milk
curdling has examined
fragility to make and
of ceramic,
have In a
cheese.135
answered
these
and
a discussion of the utensil in wide-ranging see Matteucci 1986. Italy, 133. E.g., Delos XVIII, the 109-114, pp. pis. XLIV, XLV; are most in figs. 318-322 to similar spouted examples pictured the Hellenistic terracotta examples. 134. Sparkes the 1962, p. 125. Hilgers 1969, pp. 225-227; association of name and shape is supported, in the Roman case, by a graffito. For
pp. 221-223. Greece and
135. E.g., XVIII,
p.
Tschumi
113; Corinth
1931; VII.3,
de Waele
1933,
p. 447,
110; Hilgers which suggestion,
n. 3; Delos
1969,
pp. 68-70; is not p. 123. The supported was first made in the mid-19th testimonia, by ancient apparently century, on the basis of ethnographic analogy with 19th-century French for that purpose vessels (see Oswald 1944, pp. 45-46);
Hatzidakis
Tschumi
2000,
(1931)
invokes
p.
early-20th-century
Swiss parallels.
100 other
his
objections; for
like, probably are precisely access into
the
the
actions
curdles without
and product, mortar, however,
The
done
with
an was
limited need equivalently a very common kitchen
to preserve
mortars
piecrust
in Hellenistic Hellenistic Piecrust
two other
but
handles,
variants,
at the Agora with
For their respective
deposits.
lug
and
to Form
belong bolster
chronological
i :
Form
Mortar, Handles
ranges,
Size: Diam. Date: Comparanda:
Ca.
of
result
such
use:
1, distinguished also
by
documented
see Chart 26 (p. 229).
Chart 26, Figs. 30-32,
(111 in deposit sample)
Pis. 24-26
^^^V\
/j^^ Shape: Ring or disk foot; convex wall; downcurved rimwith inner
ridge with fluked
was put the mortars
the vessel all of
are
handles,
limited
(182-192)
22 inventoried examples at
served
it it by converting was done whatever
This
all of the Hellenistic
Almost
have
had only
implement; uses to which whatever that, suggests regularity. to in other in Athens it crush and mix. Almost served situations, primarily as the some at the of the wear show that one would degree expect Agora a in the interior sometimes with abrasions. surface, irregular smoothing it was
with
Ceramic
predecessors.136
of grains, but they would
that urban households
suggests
refrigeration
to the fresh cheese.
to the Greek
relevant
equally
and mixing of herbs, and the greens, spices, garlic, vegetables, sauces in the of and other and these pestle, preparation recipes, that the testimonia One may add that the with suggest.137 rapidity
crushing a wooden
with
which milk
are
comments
WARE
indeed be too fragile for the grinding
vessels would admirably
HOUSEHOLD
edge; ( ends.
two piecrust
spout
/___!_/_|_]
\-^
cm.
25.9-42.0
handles;
/// \\
^^^^
^^^
300-86
nos. A168, A169, A171, A174, 1993, pp. 47-48, no. B 114 41, 56, fig. 325-265), p. 75, (275-225);Jones, pl. ca. 325-275); nos. 93-95, pp. 384-386, fig. 10, pl. 74 (Vari,
Vogeikoff
A175,
fig.
Graham,
(Athens, 18,pl.59 and Sackett 1973,
1966, p. 56, no. 6, 397, nos. CH 15-21, CH 63-10, McCredie
1993, pp. 365, 390, [Attica]); Lohmann pl. 21 :f (Kastraki CH 74-9, pis. 6, 12, 15 (Charaka 2000, p. 311, [Attica]); Vogeikoff-Brogan probably nos. 59 (Mortar no. 44, fig. 15 (Athens, Corinth 22, VII.3, p. Ill, 626, 627, pis. Sullan); no. no. 19 (Corinth, 641, pl. 58; Williams 1977, p. 70, 1, pp. 68, 185, II); CorinthXVIII.
no. Gr 43d, fig. 7, pl. 5; Eretria X, Kenchreai IV, pp. 19-20, century); to 3rd centuries); Kabirionlll, pp. 72, 141, no. 475, pis. 23, p. 195, no. 401, fig. 243 (5th (context of last quarter of 3rd century 53:3,4; Demetriasl, p. 125, nos. 149,150, pl. XXVII no. Bruneau 49 (Samothrace); to 168); Love 1970b, p. 259, no. D 227, 1964, p. 167, of 1st century); Hatzidakis 2000, p. 123, fig. 3:7, pl. 73:(3, fig. 123, pl. 49 (Delos, first third no. half of 2nd century), 100 Cd Tenos 14, pl. I, p. 218, (first p. 222, y (Delos, 90-70); Massa no. Ea 15, pis. 103, 120 (ca. 110-89); 1992, p. 202, nos. 588, 589, pl. 129 (Lem Guz-Zilberstein 1995, 1999, p. 126, no. 149, pl. 24 (Troy, ca. 225-175); nos); Berlin of 2nd
first
half
pp.
295-296,
fig.
6.10:7,
handles, present piecrust 2nd century); Panskoyel, ca. 320-270); Gaidukevich
1977. One may that appropriate pestles the case of Tell cotta mortars, 136. Baatz
tion
been
found
1989,
pp.
with 201-203).
Persian Note
now have
II.l, p. 129, no. PW 367, pl. 39 (without (Dor); Tel Anafa 3rd and ca. 125); Belov 1962, p. 161, fig. 21 (Chersonesos, by nos. C 202-C 210, pis. 100, 108 (Chersonesos, pp. 174-175, Zeest and Marchenko 1962, 1958, p. 211, fig. 68 (Mirmeki);
12
to the objec add, in answer terra not been found with
el-Hesi,
where
bowls
grinding also a miniature
stone
(Bennett mortar
have pestles and Blakely from Arta,
the grinder with clay pellet representing complete B'2 [1988]), (1981 p. 275, pi. 167:p). ancient 137. Baatz (1977, p. 150) cites several also
TelAnafall.l,
pp.
123-124;
Matteucci
1986,
(ArchDelt
recipes; 248-252.
pp.
36, see
101
MORTARS 11:1
p. 159, fig.
Tolstikov
(Pantikapeion);
and Zhuravlev
2004,
271,
pp.
95:7,
275, pis.
98:9 (Pantikapeion); Chichikova 1984, p. 73, fig. 41 (Seuthopolis); Riley 1979, pp. 285 nos. D660, D661, D663, 110, pp. 292-294, fig. 112 (Berenike); nos. to 2nd century a.d.); mid-lst 2, 3, fig. 55 (Francolise, 1979, p. 172, Aylwin Cotton c ca. no. 81, figs. 74:a, 77:b, 1970, p. 490, (Akrai [Sicily], 250-50); Meligunis Pelagatti a ca. dated there Bats CXXXVL2 II, 54, 1988, (from 335-310); grave p. Lipdra pi. no. 40 1157, pi. (Olbia [Provence]). pp. 162-163, 286, nos. D618-D620,
mortar
The Hellenistic a
with
at the
ridge
indentations, most
that which
inner
the handles,
and
edge, made
that was
mortar
by were
formed
thumb, potter's it was moldmade, in a mold; wheel marks
189; cf. also the lug-handled
Classical mortars
into
edge piece which
as well.
the
similar
ceramic
Italian
in use
the
in the
may
form
in Greece
and the Aegean
on
appears
some
Greek
islands, in
sites
Italy,
repertoire.138
and the ridge at the inner
piecrust handles
half
second
of
later
presages like that of Hellenistic
is fluked,
A
the upper exterior demonstrate and examples, early-lst-century be wheelmade completely (e.g.,
late-2nd-
the others,
like 181, lacking the distinctive
still rim, were shows.139 This vessel
of
than
on
194). The form iswidespread
in the East
occasionally it was adopted
A few
the wheel.
by the form of the rim,
a series of strips of clay with scalloped in the manner of a modern piecrust. the of the Hel lower usually only body
simple
the
was thrown on the upper body are and thinner-walled lighter
occurring whence
from its Classical predecessors
is distinguished
probably mortars Classical
While
lenistic
fig.
developments, rather mortars,
as the context of that century, in the of the spout, however, shape as was normal than straight-sided, in the the 4th
Classical period; it is also at least partially wheelmade. The Hellenistic type probably emerges in the first quarter of the 3rd century. Two transitional pieces come from Early Hellenistic contexts. A large, moldmade mortar of Corinthian tile fabric (182) has two substantial lug handles with three carefully formed scallops decorated with reed impressions, which seem to foreshadow the development of the piecrust handle; it comes from a deposit laid down after the end of the 4th century. shortly on earlier rim common collar Corinthian like Hellenistic
mortars.
A
on a appears fragmentary is like the standard Hellenistic
ring
foot,
not
does
appear
carded by ca. 275, presents the
although
rim
fabric is not Corinthian; Attic, preserves of the Hellenistic
perhaps Many
to be made
138. Bats of
the western
parallels
may
1977, pp. no. 278,
given
and
more
standard, mortars at the Agora
tile fabric
that Sparkes
49, fig.
a
standard
the
at the
ridge
Hellenistic
Early its
edge
10 [Adria];
Py 1978,
sharper
probably no
publish
examples
a
Corinthian
was
184, which be normal
outer imports.
form,
(185), also edge.140 Two appear
196), which
in this fabric
dis
later. The
deposit
plain
the
edge, later
of
of the Hellenistic
than will
rim with
of
Its (183). the vessel has a
but
edge, mortars.
from a contemporary
downcurved are
the piecrust Cistern
inner
(182 and the bolster-handled
and Talcott
Matteucci 1986, pp. 162-163; are somewhat different examples be found for the rim (e.g., Dallemulle no.
it has
is peculiar, reminiscent a raised at the inner ridge
for the first time all of the characteristics
1988,
30-31,
with
rim
this handle, approaching mortar in Menon's found
itmay be Attic. A fragment
of Corinthian
surprising,
one, on
to horizontal
is closer
of
moldmade
mortars,
which
overhanging but mortars,
version
simplified
rim
The
is somewhat
dating
later
than
p. 271. Most in form, but
in a well ones) (along with Hellenistic was that filled around 265 Acropolis
and Marzola
45, figs. 18, 19). 140. The form is also to be found at the typical Hellenistic Vari House Sackett and Graham, 1973, pp. 384-386, (Jones, nos. 93-95, and in the debris of fig. 10, pi. 74 [ca. 325-275]) U6 at ca. 270 (Chersonesos), Building Panskoye destroyed nos. C 202-C 210, pis. 100, 108). The pp. 174-175, (Panskoyel,
pp.
249-251, no. 1153,
Bats 1988, pp. 162-163, fig. 120 [Nages]; and 1929, p. 295, pl. 71:2 [Numantia]) pl. 40 [Olbia]; Koenen for the piecrust handles 1950, p. 71, no. 52, (e.g., Lamboglia no. 275, fig. 30 [Albintimilium]; Py 1978, pp. 249-251, fig. 120; Bats 1988, pp. 162-163, no. 1157, 1929, p. 295, pl. 40; Koenen pl. 71:5, 9). 139. Mortars of Classical type are also well represented
earlier
on
the South
(Vogeikoff
Slope of the 1993, pp. 44
context from (ca. 335-310) reported Meligunis-Lipara but requires further examination intriguing (Meligunis-Lipara II, p. 54, pi. CXXXVI:2). is
HOUSEHOLD
102
WARE
400. 181, Classical in form but Hellenistic in date, ismade of the light, porous fabric of the Corinthian sandy class. Many others are made of a light-colored fabric with black and white inclusions descendant (e.g., 183, 186, 187, 189, 195), which may represent the Hellenistic to Hellenistic waterjug fabric (which is prob of the sandy class; it also bears a resemblance see p. 31), mortars the similarity These Corinthian; may be only superficial. though are disk feet, fairly thick walls, and well-formed, and handles. broad, spouts heavy They in several deposits of the 3rd century, documented and it looks as though Corinth continued not
ably have
a
to be
of
exporter
major
the
well
shape
the Hellenistic
into
period.
however,
Surprisingly,
one mortar of this fabric was found in Group E (189), a deposit containing predominantly the link with Corinth itself, material of the second half of the 2nd century. This challenges which would hardly have been exporting pottery after 146. Itmay be that 189 is an early in of its range, around the middle of the trusion in this deposit, or falls at the very beginning form in the earlier history of the shape, 2nd century. The vessel's disk foot, the preferred would support an early date; its sharply downward-sloping spout, however, is best paralleled on
Late
feet
and
mortars
(cf. 191). Earlier examples but this than later ones, walls
Hellenistic heavier
is not
are
and
lower
usually a hard-and-fast
broader
have
rule. A narrow
foot
and
occur on 187, which dates in the 3rd century. high proportions the appearance of mortars in the local Pink temper fabric in the 188 and 190 document course
of
waster
the
These
local
the
approach in late-2ndand
rim
mortars
of
this
a.d.,
sporadic
the period, mortars down
The
mortars,
illustrates
how
and
they
191). (e.g., to the late
this material
long
local
lighter
a
though
usually Contexts 2nd
later than Sullan debris, but a fragment
Italian imports,142 the mortar a.d.
century
of
of an imported
in the discussion
further
ring
or
slope down document
a
by
form by
ware. of cooking foot increasingly
early
might
may
not
simply
been
have
of
production 1st century. Examples
in the mid
Thereafter,
persist.141
from
markedly
in R 13:1, deposited
is largely absent from Athenian
products
indicated
in the late 2nd and early 1st century. Spouts get
dominant
end
is also
manufacture
of the replacement
example
lst-century in local fabric
and
form
are rare in deposits century
Local
century.
a
as we
smaller
2nd
another
the disk foot, becoming
replaces
the
that will be explored phenomenon are similar to earlier in creations shape
imitations,
lst
of
quarter
(192). This represents
local
the
second
until
deposits adequate
for
except
the 3rd
replacements
from the market with the destruction for Corinthian mortars, which probably disappeared or so a of making do with the local product, Athenians of the city in 146. After half century turned
apparently
Hellenistic Lug Handles
mortars
to stone
Mortar, (193,
2 inventoried examples
for
Form
all
their
tasks.
grinding
26, Fig. 33, Pl. 26
Chart
2:
194) (2 in deposit sample)
^\\ ///^ or variable disk rim; widely flaring spout, its foot; Shape: Ring
flukesverticallypierced; lughandleswith stripsof clay
between lugs, lugs vertically pierced. Size: Diam. 26.5 cm. ^^^rf^r^^fi ^
Date:
Late
Two small mortars tion
context
added
2nd
to early
(193,194)
have more
141. P 33033,
from
the upper
fill of R
JJJ
(?^\
\Y
JI
1st century
found together handles:
elaborate
clay strips and pierced
\n
a//
in a Sullan destruc-
^^S^
with
lugs ornamented
but they
through vertically. The holes may be for suspension, 142.
13:1. pis.
E.g.,
38, 72).
P
11652,
P
14839
(Agora V,
p.
85,
no.
M
10,
SERVING
are repeated
on the flukes of the widely
as well.
two mortars
The
also
a
share
DISH
103
(ESCHARA)
flaring spout, so they may be decorative friable
gritty,
fabric.
There
are,
instead?or some
however,
formal
between them. One has a ring foot, the other a disk foot, and while 193 has an overhanging rim with a pronounced ridge at the inner edge, likemortars with piecrust handles,
differences
a
194 has
is not
mortars by any other paralleled A third mortar accident. found with
rim, which plain a result of production
is the
but of the usual Hellenistic Hellenistic Bolster
form
(191).
Form Mortar, Handles (195, 196)
2 inventoried examples
Chart
3:
ridge
(2 in deposit sample)
at inner
edge;
/\y^^
if
date.
partially
Another
\ \
-
a 3rd-
to
M^ ^gp^ ^^^ ^f
handles,
early-2nd-century has a bolster
perhaps
of Corinthian
may have been quite old at the time of discard. it was
\\
1_L_[ cm.
mortar from (195) Avery large to mortars in with shape piecrust in section. The triangular object, but
//
/r^~^ \\ I
Date: 3rd to early 2nd century? Comparanda: CorinthVlI.3, p. 110, no. 625, pis. 22,
in date, lenistic
^^^C^X /
ox
straight
slightly flaring spout; bolster handles of varying form. Size: Diam. 43.0-51.2
26, Fig. 33, PL 27
r^?-,?^q
Shape: Heavy disk foot; down turned rim with
at the this Agora. Possibly them is of the same fabric
produced for
argument
while similar generally a somewhat thicker rim,
context, handle fabric,
It is not
and
was mended
impossible
in
antiquity,
and
that it is Late Classical
on
a technical the wheel, a Hel that favors feature a Hellenistic a bolster is the form date of the handle,
with flaring ends and articulated with grooves, similar to the handles of West Slope kraters of the late 3rd and early 2nd centuries.143 Fragments of another mortar (196), this one large of Corinthian tile fabric, were found in a contemporary the vessel has a deposit. Although canonical a series
Hellenistic of
mortar
three
is in the Classical rim, the spout straight-sided, are similar to but more elaborate than those spools,
from Corinth.144 Possibly
it is a transitional piece
to be dated
manner. of an
The Early
handles,
Hellenistic
in the late 4th or early 3rd
century.
SERVING DISH Serving
Dish
Shape:
Chart
(197-206)
17 inventoried
examples hollow High,
(ESCHARA)
(27 in deposit stand flaring
sample) to bottom;
27, Figs. 34, 35, Pis. 27-29 Q\____^_._// ? ^-^ ___?^^^^^
broad bowl, usually with wide, offset rim \ and occasionally
with
formsof lipand handle. I Size:Diam. 24.5-55.0 cm./ Decoration:
Thin
gloss
on
interior
and
41, pl. 55).
^^^T
I 1 sometimes
143. P 28778, P 22882 (AgoraXXIX, p. 304, nos. 587, 588, fig.
^^r
>v
spit rests; various
V on exterior.
144. Corinth VII.3,
p. 110, no.
625,
pis.
22, 59.
104 Date:
ca. 350-290,
Mostly
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
a few
with
later examples nos. A 209-A 219,
52-53, (Athens, 325-265); fig. 23, pis. 68-73 no. :c Dakoronia 21 1966, p. 56, 1997, pi. 25:0, 7, pis. 3:8, (Kastraki [Attica]); 4th 1992, 309-311, 316, 378-379, 389, (east Lokris, pp. black-gloss, century); Kopcke ca. no. nos. Eb before 253 12, 410, 198-201, 211-216, (Samothrace, 270); Tenosl, p. 223,
Comparanda:
1993,
Vogeikoff McCredie
pp.
of ca. 50); perhaps SamosXTV, p. 120, no. Z 131:B pi. 121 (context ca. 260-240/230). nos. 18 and Berlin 1999, p. 115, 78, 79, pi. (Troy,
(mid-2nd
century)
A large, two-handled bowl on a high stand occurs with some frequency in Early Hellenistic a deposits. The center of the floor forms a deep bowl, usually marked off from wide rim by a
or
ridge
of
Treatment
grooving.
lower
the
of
edge
the
stand
the
and
and
made
bowl?were
and
separately
joined,
two different
using
is var
the dish
to take a lid, and 201 fabric (742). The two
ied; the profiled rims of 200 and 205 suggest that they were designed was found with a lid of appropriate size, although of slightly different parts?stand
rim of
procedures.
On some the inside of the join between the parts is not smooth (197, 202), indicating that the two were joined when leather hard. On others the interior joint is smooth (200, 201, 205), was thrown onto the basin. Thin gloss is applied in broad, sloppy suggesting that the stand to the
strokes
interior
to the
sometimes
fabrics are represented.
Two different Classical
and
a hard,
exterior.
(197, 198, 201, 202) are made
Several vessels
red ware,
a thin
with
covered
to that
similar
of
of
fabric, chy gloss, as would if they had been be the case show any trace of burning, however, are made fabric of household and other for cooking, used (199, 200, 203-205). examples narrow from the is clear in The ware, however, lugs po spit rests?long, ancestry cooking on two Similar to survive at the handles?that sitioned (199, 201). examples angles right are characteristic over coals, meat of the Classical to support spits for cooking lugs, designed and On 199 a the 5th brazier of and well-made substantial 201, however, eschara, century.145 cooking
tra 595.
None,
not have been Nonethe functional. are set so far below the rim that they would lugs with bowl broad of the Hellenistic features rim, and form?stand, less, all the essential deep this ancestral how form. It is uncertain this 5th-century from inherited handles?were long the
form continued century. The new, F 11:2,
form
Hellenistic of our
G
Examples are of different
developed come
occurrence
Their
fabrics.
do not extend much
examples in the
from examples was this 11:4, G 12:6) and clearly to be found in multiples,148 tend
Most
middle.146
in use; inventoried
course to
late-4th-
the period often,
in deposits trays; the formal
on
sibly
communal
also
Samothrace, dining.149
without
The
shape
ca. 250 (200, 205, P 8567).150 The
ous nos.
see for a complete XII, pp. 234-235; example, vari no. 2030, pl. 98). For profiles illustrating see Rotroff and Oakley rim profiles, 1992, pp. 29, 120-121,
146. There P 8304)
and
fig. 25. are three fragments
375-325
12:2, dating (197, 198, ca. 320 in O 18:2, deposited
of another
(P 13569). the large number for example, (11) represented a well on the South Slope of the Acropolis, in rim fragments by nos. A 209 ca. 325-265 1993, pp. 52-53, (Vogeikoff dating 147. Note,
8-9:1,
greatest popularity.147 a in deposit single pairs surprisingly, at a function in near hints the Tholos
vessels
would
the brazier
of
reminiscence similar
in the
fill
of
the Arsi pos after
A 219,
fig. 23, pis. 68-73). in C 12:2, in G 148. Three
lower
fill of
chamber
each
149. Kopcke 150. P 8567 fragments deposit
were sample
tury example
in D-E
12:6, and
chamber
the northern
debris
Tholos in C
(D-E
deposits
its
around
perhaps
a survival from Early Hellenistic large, heavy 200 could be
(p. 378,
319-321,
century,
at a ritual hints function, any trace of burning, in contexts occurs deposited sporadically only
145. Agora P 21956
of
the 4th
early-3rd-century of the vessel's
and
as serving perhaps dining, large-scale A concentration in this situation. be appropriate noeion
of
the end of the 5th
beyond
of H
6:9,
two in the 8-9:1; two from the
and
in G 11:4); one (one in F 11:2, the other 6:1 E and E 6:2. of the cistern system, 1992, comes
pp. 310-311. from the lower
identified
fill of E 6:2. Three
from
more
in the lst-century deposits also a mid-lst-cen 14:3). Note
in 2nd- and
(M2T.1, Q12:1,E from Tinos (Tenosl,
p. 223,
no.
Eb
12, pl.
121).
105
KRATERS P 8567
and
times,
that
lenistic
and,
details Hellenistic
the
with
along
fabric,
no
traces
for
argues
survival?or
it is quite different the normal range
it outside
so
its function
form.
been
have
may
of
others
the
of a soft, gritty fabric. Like
and made
of burning,
from
the
later. A
shape
bowl on a stand. In this class,
The
its Late
and
is extremely
piece
the standard
serving dishes,
to that
similar
residual.
180) looks fully Hel
revival?of
of
also
perhaps
here on the basis of its form, a spreading
however,
places
plain and thick-walled, it shows
context,
(206) is included
and of shape context
so
fragment,
gloss of 205 from cistern E 5:2 (closed around
But the thick, metallic final piece
a small
it is only
accompanied
of
the
standard
shape.
KRATERS Standard
Krater,
25 inventoried Shape:
Form
(53 in deposit
examples or disk
Ring
foot;
Charts
(207-226)
ovoid
11, 27, Figs. 36-38,
sample)_
body with
short,
shoulder;
high
\ a , -dv/
/ J^fA^H j
vertical neck offset from body; projecting rim; horizontally attached up
curving
on
handles
Size: H. 17.9-31.0+ cm. ^^^
Decoration:
Date:
in section,
round
shoulder,
rim and
toward
Pis. 29-32
sometimes
!___________ / \^^^^
it.
touching
/
/ and wavy lines on neck on handles. striping
bands,
Light slip; gloss garlands, and shoulder; sometimes Ca. 260-86
\_=___________?
Corinth 1970, p. 161, nos. 208, 209, pl. 76 (Dipylon Well B1? AbschnittXl, 190-150); nos. 613-615, Williams VII.3, pp. 107-108, 1977, p. 69, no. 8, pis. 21, 59 (undecorated); no. and Williams and Zervos 41 1988, p. 127, 26, pl. (Corinth, pl. 23, undecorated); no. 25 Kabirionlll, 70-71,141-142, 500, Tarsus!, pp. (undecorated); p. 228, no. 212, pl. to 186:1 3rd Tel Anafa 133, (late IU, p. 136, no. PW 403, figs. early 2nd century); Braun
Comparanda:
43, 83; Adriani 1940, fig. 53:50 (Alexandria, 1958, undecorated). Perhaps Walter 19 de Luca nos. and Radt 1999, p. 50, 10 p. 43, fig. 240-242, (Olympia); pl. (Pergamon, first half of 2nd century); and Samaria III, p. 239, no. 8, fig. 45. pis.
is a simplified a version of the column krater, shape traditionally nonetheless had a long history in Attica. sur seem it may Although a that was associated with the even in prising shape usually symposium produced plain ware, in the Classical the column krater was made with little care, even if it did period frequently
The
standard
Corinthian
have
figured it doubtless
do
that
decoration; serve could
simpler the more
version
of
elaborate
plate at Corinth, to at least
151. Agora XII, p. 54. a vessel 152. For example, collects
Talcott
other
call
than
in a variety period, a the form, in which plain, handle of the canonical
handle
particularly 6th century
skyphos
and
Sparkes functions
in the Hellenistic
exist
minimal
Athenian
vessel
oil from in Boston
olives
between
the
where
it may
the
that
that are being
(Cloche
1931,
late
looks
5th,
and
like a column
pressed
pi. X:2).
top be
on a
it "the
household
ordinary
wine-mixing.152 of fabrics,153 arched handle,
Although the Agora without
The shape. simplified the handle arch and the
of
traced then
krater
black-figure
in
black-gloss
appears
pp.
ware in
again
plain
and article,"151 column kraters
true
examples represent handle plate, replaces sometimes with form, rim,
has
a
long the middle
from ware
a
a
history, of the
in the Hellenistic
153. E.g., Leroux no. 107, and Schafer 1913, pp. 55-56, 1968, 104, 113, nos. F 8, F 9, pis. 47, 48 (lagynos ware); Ducrey,
Hadjimichali, ware?);
and
Pagenstecher
Picard 1913,
1976,
pp.
253-258,
p. 57, figs.
66-67
figs.
1-3
(red gloss).
(Hadra
106
examples well at Athens,
5th-century
covered
shape
in
often
and
shape
with
a thin
were gloss There the Corinthia.155
with
about 400 B.C. found at Al Mina.156 A parallel ours
WARE
from imports on this shape,
apparently decoration
for dark-on-light
precedents
the
of
Two
period.154
HOUSEHOLD
for
occurs
are also Classical column
some
of
krater
kraters, close to
black-gloss
with
in a late
found
a true
example,
series of Hellenistic
decoration,
light-on-dark
black
on
regularity
eastern
sites,157 but the shape is unknown in the Attic black-gloss orWest Slope repertoire. In view of influence in its introduc the history of the shape at Corinth, it is tempting to see Corinthian at in for the in the 4th century at Corinth, however, Athens. A gap the evidence tion shape on
certainty precludes is no contextual there comparanda at Tarsus, in both in Hadra
for this date. support shape It is the most demonstrate. above
appears common
is also
there
300,
but
as elsewhere, kitchen shape a Cretan series
sporadically decorated
techniques;158
dark-ground
around
examples
ware.159
never
ca.
after
kraters have ring feet. The disk foot occurs only three times (207-209),
175. the
thickened,
slightly
and
light-ground
Most of the Athenian and
his Hellenistic
dates The
listed
the
Edwards
this matter;
edge
the outer edge are undecorated,
but occasionally is usually plain, quite A few examples and vertical (e.g., 216).
rim
The
sharp
in brown or red gloss.
but there is usually a light slip and simple decoration
is
or
Ivy,myrtle,
some on the shoulder or wavy is usually and neck. There lines appear garlands on the handle. are The and sometimes the handles, under ivy stripes painted on a line is replaced in the 3rd and early 2nd century, wavy by simple preferred after ca. 175. dating
herringbone motif simple garland, kraters
Three disk
foot
and
the
kraters are made
of Hellenistic
common
fabric
in that
numbers suggest large in Pink and several temper
tion,
are
These
kraters
comes
concentration
largest
in use
continued
certainly
and Sullan in later-2nd-century The most question intriguing on blackand red-figure pottery, mixing kraters
in fine
to have the
the
tinued
destruction can
we
water
at
the
be
disappearance in the Hellenistic underwent
an fig. 12 (from p. 583, nos. 59-62, and Pease 1937, p. 291, no. 146, fig. 24 both with mini of the late 5th century),
handle
(5th century). plate 155. P 21928, P 21927 (Boulter handle
1953, p. 91, nos.
98,99,
pl. 33,
plates).
of 430-375, 1938, p. 26, fig. 10, from context no. to ca. 400 (Rostovtzeff 1941, p. 86, under krater IV. 1, p. 8, fig. 1:3-5, one a true column 2). See also Antioch of local manufacture and one simplified (without handle plate),
156. Woolley dated by Beazley
(Telljudaideh). 157. E.g.,
Tarsusl,
pp.
221,
228,
nos.
140,141,
213,
shape
figs.
128,
the
ca.
175.
are
period.160
the period,
throughout
the
of
but by
dating
before
examples
have
(e.g., 225, 226). On is its function.
Hellenistic
symposium. and painted,
well (from a Corinthian handle without mal handle CorinthVll.3, pp. 107-108, plates; contextual to ca. 300, but without dated by Edwards plates, See also Histria evidence. II, p. 173, no. 1:2, pl. 89, minimal
without
shape confident
completely of the
then
symposium to be manufactured
154. Campbell 1938, Archaic well at Corinth),
deposits the
about
role
of
the
was
150, but found been
basis
of pictures as a krater
potters rare
produced seems and
fairly
that elsewhere suggested of profound changes
symptomatic coarse The
presenting
ca.
the Classical
Athenian shape I have
of 210
presence
of the 3rd century.
by the middle
material containing for well-preserved
deposits
thereafter,
both moldmade ware, out of production
dropped and reduction
that
and
for wine
bowl
from
The
manufacture.
Athenian
in cistern E 3:1 shows that the shape was in use in Athens The
the uniformity are of local produc but
imports, perhaps in the collection
the kraters
confirm
fabric
(207, 208, 213); on two of them the
fabric
water-jug
is preserved. of that most
yet
con
however,
series,
us with
another
puzzle.
1995, p. 229, nos. 65-69, Rosenthal-Heginbottom no. 5.11:7-11 1, fig. 39:1 and p. 239, 225, Samarialll, (Dor); p. fig. nos. 1-3, (3rd cen p. 101, no. 28, fig. XLI fig. 45:1-3; Paphoslll, and no. 53 40-10), 36, fig. p. 168, (undecorated, tury), p. 152, to early 1st century). no. 7, 2nd 60:20.7 (late fig. 158. Tarsusl, p. 169. 134,184,186;
and Papadopoulos 159. Allegro Rosa La 1984, p. 807, (Gortyn);
p. 279, no. 5, pl. 202:c 2 8, fig. 3:8, pl. CXXVIIIT, and Picard 1976, pp. 253-258, 1997,
no.
(Phaistos); Ducrey, Hadjimichali, and Phili and Phaistos); Patsiada, Giannikouri, figs. 1-4 (Lato See also Tekkok-Bicken monos 1990, p. 182, pl. 102:y (Rhodes). krater of a different 1996, p. 36, no. A 43, fig. 9, a Late Hellenistic shape, but also apparently 160. Agora XXIX, pp.
with 14-15,
dark-on-light 135-136;
decoration. Rotroff
1996.
107
KRATERS
25
n-j Sample
Deposit
Inventory
20-1
k
..A ,ln.
?W-,11,11,11,il.il,IIJ 275-
249-
224-
199-
174-
149-
124-
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
99-75
74-50
later
Date of deposit i i . Chronological
Chart
as vessels a wash
have
on
of gloss
their
interiors,
these
a wider,
for which were
vessels
are
intended
shallower to be
is better
bowl
seen
with
admired, were at least sometimes vessels, that, like finer they in decoration far simpler than The banded lekane, so we need not exclude these of earlier times,162
suited.
used our
and
porosity,
The should
for
to the Athenian
kraters,
is inconvenient
and we
and
inventory
similar
closely the Athenian
tall shape
relatively
and
sample
deposit
a concern
suggesting
liquids should not be ruled out. The foodstuffs,
in
kraters
the Corinthian which kraters, categorizes for food rather than for drink.161 Unlike
Edwards
Roger ones,
of
distribution
however, they thus use with
for the mixing
that suggests the open possibility of wine and water.
decoration leave
the mixing
in symposium appears from the Hellenistic kraters
kraters,
simple
of
scenes sphere
of entertainment.
Chart deposits
11 plots at
the chronological
the Agora.
The
x-axis
of coarse kraters of all forms
distribution the
gives closing I plot of vessels.
the deposits both the figures for
dates
of
in Hellenistic
in which
were they vessels
inventoried the number the y-axis gives found; same are two in the the tell the There but both and for vessels story. peaks?in sample, deposit in the first quarter of kraters and of the 1st. The number of the 2nd century second quarter as residual The second is less after ca. 150, but too large to dismiss fragments. peak probably an increase in use than of Sullan destruction rather results from the large number deposits use of the in the early 1st it nonetheless documents the continued but shape shape, the fine-ware kraters of various that the coarse column The conclusion krater, unlike century. in of the is continues into the later Hellenistic years inescapable. period production shapes, a different if not, vessel served of course, that the plain-ware This may but, indicate, purpose, of conclusions the earlier about this observation calls into question my changing symposium of
the
Hellenistic
Athens.
to fine ones
It is curious,
for this function.
as a closer
to silver
vessels.
analog those, however, kraters; lagynos-ware as the model cannot for be posited 161. Corinth VII.3, the uses
162. For
p. of
answer may The
latest not
have the Attic
15. the household
lekane,
a coarser
that
however,
The
see
Agora
XII,
vessel
should
have
lie in the light ground,
might examples documented been
be
been
possibly
preferred
preferred
seen
as poor imitations of so in the 3rd century, they
form. p. 211, 13.
n.
1; Sparkes
1962,
pp.
128-129;
Ludorf
2000,
pp.
10
108
Kraters
Other
9 inventoried
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
(227-233)
examples
forms of krater are attested only by fragments.
Other
to the
close
Pl. 32
39,
Fig.
can
be
The
single instance where a Late
is 228, from a rim with stamped
restored
something
context.
Hellenistic
It is dis
tinguished
shape complete an elaborate overhanging by
Sigillata A
(ESA) and gray-ware kraters and plates of the later 2nd and 1st centuries.163 The
are
handles degrees.
now
the foot, is more
and twisted, The decoration
is particularly
can
and
characteristic,
of
be
the
covering
swag tied with a square ware
in lagynos
abundantly
paralleled
in several
and
spreading probably the standard kraters,
patterns. The stippled
entirety of the wall with typical Late Hellenistic bow
ovolo,
was
missing, than that
mostly elaborate
to that on Eastern
similar
of
the
2nd century.164 The rims of four more are preserved (229-231, P 4211), 231 with a scalloped pattern added to the ovolo. One or perhaps two are made of local fabric (230, 231), though the others could be imported. All probably date in the later Hellenistic period, from the mid 2nd to the 1st century. The shape of the rim of 227 is similar, particularly the broad, slightly concave
but
top,
a molded
with
not
molded,
(232) from
tongue
A handle of
is simply
edge
design come may
(233)
fragment krater. the volute
and
stamped,
context
the
this
of
is
piece
(first half of the 3rd century). A small wall frag
than that of the others
earlier
significantly ment
the
from a krater also come may a krater with rotelle handles,
sort. this general a Hellenistic version of
LEKANAI The
for
handles
114-115.
pp.
reasonably
bowl or basin of various proportions,
is a large household
lekane
handles
without
In this study, similar vessels easy lifting. between There is an obvious similarity assume the same that the two served
and
lekanai
furnished
are large
two
see "bowls"; and one would
termed
bowls,
of purposes.
variety
with
that
however,
Note,
vs. 8 inventoried examples), deep lekanai (Form 3) outnumber deep bowls substantially (17 are common than shallow bowls (10 vs. 23 less while, conversely, shallow lekanai (Form 2) of lekanai and bowls in the inventoried examples). (See Chart 12 for the representation and
inventory
ranges.) These
phenomena were
similar
vessels
The
lekane
and
sample,
deposit
may
p.
as a bowl "deep" served.
absence
form.
of attributes: variety are for the most These
rim
of the confirming
deposit for some
163. E.g., Hayes half of 1st century
rather
than but
sample, other shapes. 1985,
their
chronological
these very
(although are inadequate they a handle attached
subtle
p.
18, forms
handles there
was
For
this
7-9,
pi.
the have
because
greater reason,
II (ESA,
were
assumptions
second
margin the numbers
from
and
"shallow" of
the wall
part as lekanai,
despite
is pre the
their best parallels for
the
context
in shape classification the deposit sample
are
pottery here are
less
nos.
first half of 2nd century). (Pergamon, See P 10900a, b, P 3374 pp. 390, 392, (Agora XXIX, references 1521, pis. 89, 90, 115, 116), with 1506, 1504,
cited
under
no.
239
164.
nos.
1598-1600, B.C.); Agora XXIX, p. 402, For a rim of this shape in household fig. 97, pi. 125 (gray ware). see de Luca and Radt 1999, p. 49, ware, but without stamping,
made
error
for
of fragmentary confidence
with
between
a small classified
been
(e.g., 272, 277-279), Similar
bowls.
and
the analysis the line
to draw
classified
be
distinction
rim
for
adequate difficult
ar or
absence
proportions,
the classification
for cannot
The
quantification.
size,
part it is sometimes
vessels but
and
classification
of both
rather
lekanai
of
in the uses to which
a
without fragment the already and than a lekane, even more difficult when becomes only see that some reader will The fragments A
material.
a summary
for
231,
put.
and handle of handles, presence or of complete complete nearly and "deep"), "shallow" between
than
28,
indicate a subtle difference
presents special problems on is based below outlined
rangement
among of the
Chart
no.
1506.
LEKANAI
109
1 Deposit Sample D Inventory
-
I
?
50
-
0 4?
-'-i?
-'-i?
Lekane Form 1
than
references
for
vessels
in guessing
bathing,
sufficiently
have
their
bread, mixing
and
food
tion with
childbirth;
have
been
infants
used
activities
The one
makes would
have
25 inventoried Shape:
or
the
I have
since
short,
features
distinguishing
numbers
found
if the
shape
in relatively
given are
point and
large
in deposit G 5:3 among the some connec have had may
a for bathing and baby, were The they deposited. in connection with the industrial
for instance, useful, to the well where babies
been
have
been
used
sample)
12, 28, Figs. 39-41,
Pis. 33, 34
^ ?l__^?^
/ \T foot; body Ring (rarely) depth, with convex or sometimes ^ I r^T nearly straight wall; broad, on with outturned offset rim, slightly interior, groove or grooves on top at outer or of the face concave edge; edge lip thickened, grooved; or at in attached above of wall and rim, horizontal round section, handles, junction to rim. and usually and attached upturned touching
Size: Diam. Decoration: Date: Comparanda:
of varying
cm.
on interior, gloss occasionally patterned. 290 to early 1st century Braun 1970, p. 151, no. 152, fig. 28, pi. 66 (Dipylon Well B1? AbschnittVll, 190-150). no. to 3rd 231 203, fig. (6th p. 189, century); Kalpaxis, Furtwangler, Perhaps EretriaX, to first third of 1st and Schnapp 28 2nd 1994, p. 104, no. K222, (Eleutherna, century fig.
Thin Ca.
1995, the function
sical periods, which as in the Hellenistic
disk
23.0-41.0
century);
165. For
inventory
are
Charts
(87 in deposit
examples
Shallow
that was required
of anything
i :Offset Form Rim, Handles (234-248)
Lekane, Upturned
and
sample
comparanda that all of
large wonder
stillborn
however, equally, in the same area.
might on that went
deposit
lists of
ingredients
to transport
in the well
Lekane Deep bowl Form 4bowl
complete
and wine.
a basin
in
bowls
-'
'-1?
uses cases to so many that in most there is little put have been for functions.165 would useful They washing
been
specific
serving newborn
and
Similarly,
kneading
quantities, bones of 450
could
shapes.
could
about
Lekane Form 3
12. Lekanai
to vessels
only
preserved. These
basins
other
-'-1
-'-r-
Lekane Form 2
Chart
reliable
I
I
-
may
KitionW,
p. 296, fig.
p. 239, no. 6.11:6,
426, figs. 6.12:b 8, photo
in the Archaic and Clas the shape to be assumed be the same reasonably of
period,
see
Sparkes
1962,
pp.
128-129;
221,
222
(Dor,
AgoraXIl, pp. 10-13.
(end of 3rd century);
Guz-Zilberstein
175-125). p. 211,
n.
1; Amyx
1958,
pp.
202-205;
Ludorf
2000,
110 This
elaborate
relatively
est
come
examples
form
from
Menon's
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
to be manufactured in the began early ca. Cistern 275, (F 16:8), deposited
3rd
the
century:
and
earli
of four
fragments
were found in deposit R 13:9, which was laid down about a decade later. The specimen from F 16:8 (234) is unusual in its handles, which are freestanding and slightly recurved; on all to it. Similar the handles the rim and are attached had been touch handles examples to lekanai horizontal rims since the mid-6th and those with vessels may century,166 applied was a to the Hellenistic If so, the differ be ancestral form. transformed by radically shape ent treatment border offset from the wall on the inside and of the rim, now a wide, flaring at its outer from metalware is not out of the ques thickened and grooved edge. Inspiration other
tion (see below). The
at least
continues
shape
there is considerable
set on
but
a
on
thumbprint:
a
most
to the
up
in Group
between
cm, e.g., 235-238)
to any
according
fragment
discernible
in one
C167 and
late
In one
rim.
on
change,
although
at the
thickened
formed,
it has
example
late
the center two
instance
they
of the handle similar
closely
(e.g., 247). The
deposits
consistent
been
greatly
the rim or well below, may be straight
just below
(246). Very occasionally
falling
pieces
(Diam. 23-26
curve
to Early Roman
Late Hellenistic with
line
no
with
rim is usually well
although
may be attached
or may
diagonal,
rim in a straight
overhanging,
slightly
(245). Handles
simplified
1st century
early
in details. The
variation
sometimes
and
edge
to the
run
from
lekanai
with
a
different
in size,
is fairly consistent
shape
the
along
ismarked
ca. 30 and
40 cm
apparently
date in the 3rd century. Proportions
vary, but not
interior
was
The
pattern.
in diameter; is covered
most
of
with
the
smaller
which
gloss,
examples
applied
with a broad brush (the strokes are often still visible). On two there is a pattern: radiating strokes on 244 (dating in the second half of the 2nd century), and a calyx of petals on 238 or early 2nd century has an incised pattern (possibly 3rd century). A single lekane of the 3rd on the exterior (237). is no
there
While
clear
shape
is a change
there
development,
in the fabric.
Third-century
after ca.
or Pinkish buff fabric 1, while pieces deposited examples are made from Attic fine 200 are usually made of Pink temper fabric. As
the most
of
elaborate
the
large
these
bowls,
are more
vessels
delicate
than
other
lekanai,
often quite thin-walled and lightweight. They may owe their origins to imitation of metalware; tombs at compare, for instance, bronze mixing bowls like those found in Early Hellenistic Vergina and Derveni, with upturned handles and offset rims not far distant from the features of
these
forms ness,
of the
ceramic
bowls.168
lekane care often
they may than rather pedestrian
Lekane,
discussed given have
for
served
below,
ware
Form
2: Shallow examples
which
shape as table
preparation. be used would
must
function of
food
10 inventoried Shape:
to the
Their
were
the
As with for
table
been
and
the occasional
possibly the kraters
even
for
discussed
of
the various
use.
Their heavy light decoration suggests and wine, of water the mixing interior
above,
it is a puzzle
Charts
why
such
12, 28, Fig. 42, PL 35
samples
shallow bowl with foot; broad, relatively or convex wall; projecting, horizontal rim, flat straight in section, nestled on top; horizontal round handles, on with sometimes rim, top. thumbprint against
Ring
that
service.
(249-254)
(17 in deposit
from
different to withstand
constructed
rim,
vessels,
have
or disk
166. AgoraXU, pp. 214-215, fig. 15, pi. 86. 167. P 4039 1934, p. 367, no. C 66, fig. 122). (Thompson Theme 168. Andronikos 1984, p. 160, fig. 124 (Vergina); lis and Touratsoglou 1997, p. 31, no. A51, pi. 32; pp. 72-73,
forms
t_=____c
no. Z18, pi. 132 (Derveni). Cf. also metal pi. 77; p. 122, similar shape of generally from Pompeii 1993, (Tassinari vol. 1, p. 94; vol. 2, pp. 206-207). S2122, S2121,
no. B40, basins
^y /^ / \.
111
LEKANAI Size: Diam.
26.0-28.0
Sometimes
Decoration: Date:
< 0.5.
cm; H./Diam. and
inside
gloss
on
rim.
Ca. 525-215 p. 108, no. 616, pis. 21,59; TenosI, p. 222, no. Ea 11,
CorinthVIl.%
Comparanda:
before no.
260);
3:h
fig. 9, pi.
67,
p. 365, nos.
2000,
30,32,
pi. 183
(Eretria,
1981, p. 57, 647, pi. 125
(ca. 110-89); Callaghan pis. 104,120 Massa 1992, p. 225, nos. 646, 200-150); III, p. 153, no. p. 91, no. 286, pi. 21; Paphos
(Knossos,
Ephesos XIII:1:1,
(Lemnos);
Schmid
fig. LIII
51,
(40-10). term
in the last quar of the lekane begins sequence" a two substantial rim with and bowls century: projecting capacious a on the exte on the interior in the rim and and with handles, single stripe gloss usually are the lekane of the 4th of the but vessels rior.169 A number relatively deep, typical early ratio of the latest is low and broad, with the H./Diam. between century specimens falling and
What
Sparkes ter of the 6th
Talcott
a series
0.40 and 0.48. This
"main
the
of
survives in its Classical
shape probably
were two examples century; (e.g., 249) a marks 17:3.171 Occasionally thumbprint occurs The low lekanai 250).172 (e.g., shape
in the
it had been
context
thoroughly
17 inventoried
lekane
ing profile; horizontal handles,
sample)
Size: H.
\
in broad,
deposit shal
in a lighter
century
and
1-
?^_
ca. 210,
than
the
time
by which
of similar forms, cited
comparanda
above
Pis. 35-37
12, 28, Figs. 43-45,
A-^
taperrim;
attached
A
/ \ / \
/
J
Diam.
13.4-31.6,
in section,
round
as
Charts
or downcurved
horizontal
later
elsewhere,
Shape: Low ring or (rarely) disk foot; deep,
below rim.
3rd
(Form 3). Instances
(255-265)
(89 in deposit
examples
occur
shape
contexts
Hellenistic
3: Deep
Form
Lekane,
the
by the deep
displaced
in Late
in the
sporadically
does
examined
pottery
occur however, demonstrate.
the handle,
two with a of which only four examples have been inventoried: with a disk foot, (253) and one (254) with an unusual scalloped is of a pale fabric and possibly an import. The earliest of these were found in deposits of the late 4th to early 3rd century, and in the inventory with the latest lekanai of Classical type. Neither
slightly shallower version, ring foot (251, 252), one handle plate. The latter lighter vessels (251, 254) hence are contemporary nor
in deposit F 16:8,17? another in the manner of later
found
3rd A
form into the first quarter of the
23.0-40.5
cm; H./Diam.
hzzzt^T
> 0.58.
Decoration: Date: Comparanda:
Gloss Ca.
6, pl. 33). 171. P 25691
and
rim;
sometimes
splashes
on and
of gloss
around
handles.
380, nos. 217-221 EretriaX, (Samothrace); pp. 311-312, p. 189, no. 201, and Schnapp (6th to 3rd century); Kalpaxis, 1994, p. 105, no. K234, Furtwangler, to first of 29 third 1st 2nd (Eleutherna, 1992, p. 108, century fig. century); Callaghan no. 19, no. 90 Sackett 125 1992, (Knossos, 182, 11, 200-175); (Knossos, p. pi. pi. early SamosXW, p. 200, no. 54, pi. 146 (a.d. 50-60); p. 120, no. Z 130:A (mid Augustan), 2nd century). 1992,
213-214, fig. 15, pis. 83-85. see P 27990 1974, p. 238, (Miller
no.
57,
a 215), shape possibly Ten such handles have later
(AgoraXIl, and Talcott
172. Sparkes "handles
sequence:
interior
275-50
Kopcke fig. 231
169. AgoraXIl, pp. 170. For the other, fig.
on
turned
p. 364, place up
no. some
to rim"
1820, of
fig. these
15, pl. 85). in a different
(Agora XII,
pp.
214
this
4th shape
R13:9).
and
3rd
(from
been
centuries D-E
to the bowl
ancestral
8-9:1,
in context
noted and F
come
may 11:2,
F
with
offset
of pottery from vessels
16:8, O
18:2,
P
rim. the of 10:2,
HOUSEHOLD
112 in
Probably become
the
shallow for
thinner, interior
and
of
quarter the Hellenistic
for
portions in proportions
with
to the much lekane that was century, deeper to be made. In contrast to the lower pro began period lekanai of the Classical tradition the range (H./Diam. 0.40-0.48), in other words, form is 0.58-0.90; the vessel is perceptibly taller and
second
typical of the
this
on
emphasis the rim,
WARE
the
Like
the vertical.
sometimes
3rd
with
are on the these vessels lekanai, glazed the handles, of gloss on and around but they
Classical
splashes
The form of the rim varies from lack the horizontal band of their Classical predecessors. (e.g., 257) or projecting and only slightly convex on top (e.g., 255) to strongly downcurved or Handles nestle under the rim may angular (e.g., 261). (e.g., 256, 259) project horizontally somewhat below it (e.g., 258, 261). All but one example have ring feet; the exception (262) has a disk foot but is otherwise unremarkable and, to judge from the fabric, appears to be a local
Most
product.
are
examples
very
(Diam.
large
35-40
but
cm),
are
there
a few
smaller,
lighter ones (263, 264). Several examples are made of local Pinkish buff (261, 264) or Pink temper fabric (257, 258, 262). Others are of rather fine fabrics that do not match any of the be local (255, 256, 260); the fabric of characterized Attic fabrics, but which may nonetheless on
259,
the other
fabric
resembles
hand,
is some
rim may
be
that a projecting, but the features,
evidence
3rd-century
context (259, a possible later Hellenistic 264, which has tucked handles, ismade 2nd
are Fragments out of production
century.
had
shape
of a grainy
ismade
ware
akin
to
cooking
(263).
There
the
One
Corinthian.
gone
slightly indications
convex are
rim and
handles
conflicting.
tucked one
Only
under
piece
the a
from
import) has both of these traits. On the other hand, of the Pinkish buff fabric 3 that ismost common in
rare
in deposits by that time.
dating
after
ca.
50
B.C.,
attesting
that
the
Variant 265, with
a recessed
variation
on
the
form;
from
and
strap handles, grooved its unusual features, despite
its context
Although
product. lekanai
base
Knossos
both
is firmly Hellenistic,
and
Shape:
examples
(81 in deposit
Date:
from
the
or
early-1 st-century to be a local fabric
it has a strong resemblance
Charts
sample)
12, 28, Figs. 46-49,
to Roman
or flat or recessed botring foot, disk foot, torn; shallow body, usually with sloping, straight handles horizontal downcurved rim; wall; hug to it by a smear
of clay made
Pis. 38-40
A^>
C^\"-
Low
ging rim and attached cm. Size: Diam. 36.7-46.0 Decoration:
a late-2nd-
Berenike.173
Form Lekane, 4: Shallow, Handles Thumbprint (266-283) 26 inventoried
represents it appears
\
g \-L____a___^
by potter's
thumb.
on interior. gloss to early 1st century and ring foot: ca. 200-150
Sometimes Ca.
200
Disk
ca. 160 to early 1st century base: late 2nd to early 1st century Recessed Bruckner 2000, p. 87, no. L 21, pl. 1909, p. 120, and Liidorf a.d. 50-60). 1992, p. 203, no. 112, pl. 149 (Knossos, Flat base:
Comparanda:
173. Hayes Riley
1979,
pp.
p. 132, nos. 173-175, nos. D900-D902, 344-345,
1983,
figs. fig.
14,15 125
(Knossos); (Berenike).
15 (Kerameikos);
Sackett
LEKANAI
The forerunner ond
half
of
of the identifying
the 4th
century
(e.g.,
113
A number
250).
appears on Form 2 lekanai of the sec
handle
thumbprint
such
of
handles
exist
the
among remnants from the 4th century.174 The on a lekane of very different shape and
context
of 3rd-century handle reap deposits, probably in the 2nd century, however, pears again proportions. Instead of a narrow foot and a curving it has a broad base and a fairly straight wall, and wall, a much the diameter is normally than that of the earlier lekanai. It is also considerably larger are to diameter to 0.44. shallower with the ratio of from 0.32 vessel, height ranging Many common in the Pink fabric. made temper 2nd-century pottery
The forms of the foot seem to have some chronological significance. Lekanai with ring are feet (e.g., 266-268) found only in deposits laid down during the first half of the 2nd Two with disk feet (269, 270) are contemporary. The lower wall of the much century. pieces later 272 has a groove that approximates the disk foot, but the base is not as well defined as in the
earlier
have
of Lekanai examples. a flat (271-273) either
instead
for the flat bottom
second
or
and
half
of
a recessed
the
2nd
bottom
lst-century
and
early 1st century context earliest
The
of the 2nd century, and that form
The
deposits.
century
(274-276).
in the middle
iswell G 5:3, deposited
in late-2nd-
predominates
the
recessed
base
is documented
in
only
the rim Group E and later deposits and may have appeared late in the 2nd century. Although isusually plain and down turned, in two instances it has a groove at the inner edge (266, 270); both date in the first half of the 2nd century. As usual, the end of production is difficult to occurs but the Hellenistic form of the pinpoint, shape after about 75 b.c. One anomalous slightly example
a few only of similar
horizontal
(P 11220), was found
handles
rather than thumbprint
a
of B
13:1, deposit the Early Roman
into
century
B.C. and
grooved
rim.175
of
the first
half The
period. 1st century
early
of
the
handles
1st century
in the upper fill
continuation hinting possible in the late 1st documented form, and proportions, but has a heavily
a.d.,
Early in is similar shape
a.d.,
shape,
in laid down deposits a disk foot and with
at a
Roman
standard
times
Variants
One
Late Hellenistic
form
of
nate
from
the
rim a
finds
ingly, Hellenistic 2nd (277, others.
is also
on
parallels
The
(277-279). the former
279),177 rim
several
as well,
fragments
Simple
unusual, or source
workshop
century
(280) has unusual
piece
with
decoration
also
and
projecting different
on
flat
from
4th-century in date ranging
with a much
proportions, those
lekanai.176 from
The
the
3rd
is miscellaneous,
two with
diameter
a more
group a smaller
and
a series
characterizes
base; the
broader
two grooves. above. The
top with described
ema
It may rim,
surpris on other grooves appear to the first third of the century
of heavier
two
a
zigzag
nearly lekanai.
the grooves wall than the
between vertical
281
Only
is close
to
Its large size and thick but plain handle, without it from complete. thumbprint, distinguish other lekanai of Form 4. Possibly similar vessels are represented by 282 and 283, small rim fragments per surface
from of
vessels the
rim;
with a rope
very heavy walls. a handle with
Both
have
a
stamped impression
thumbprint
guilloche is preserved
on
the
flat up case
in the
of 282. 174. Seen. 175. Cf. twisted Roman P 21757,
172 above. P
11888
(Agora V, p.
a plain thumbprint as well (e.g., P 7969, all from discarded deposits
handle); lekanai
in the second half of the 4th century; P 4057 dating the lower 1934, p. 326, no. A 61, fig. 122), from (Thompson fill of G 13:4, ca. 325-260. Cf. also the bowl 295.
mostly 16, no.
F 62, fig. 72, with a on handle is common
P 7970, P 9113, P 21756, in the first half of the 1st
a.d. century [upper fill of R 13:1, D 11:1, R 10:1]). 176. Cf. 250 and P 6389, P 4471, P 8311 (AgoraXIl, from 365, nos. 1819, 1834, 1838, fig. 15, pis. 85-87)
pp.
364
deposits
177. This lekanai
feature
is also
encountered
on
the rims of Roman
p. 248, no. 19, pl. 188, and p. 253, nos. 81,81a, to 4th century a.d.) and in somewhat dif pl. 221,2nd ferent form on (de Luca and Radt 1999, large bowls at Pergamon nos. 97-99). pp. 26-27, (e.g.,
Sackett
1992,
114
Other
Lekanai
3 inventoried
HOUSEHOLD
(284-286)
WARE
PL
49,
Fig.
40
examples
Only part of the rim and upper wall of 284 remain, with no trace of handle. Like the lekanai on the upper surface of the rim?an discussed above (281-283), it has decoration incised olive
The
garland.
must
shape
have
been
somewhat
however.
different,
outer
The
of
edge
the rim is grooved, and the wall seems to have been inwardly inclined rather than spreading. The context is Late Hellenistic, but such a large vessel may have lived a long life. 285 is very a
shallow, with comes from
nearly a context
vertical
wall
that
straddles
even
be
but
local,
though again with the Hellenistic between
in either. 286 falls firmly within
its vertical
incised
rim,
the divide
and seems to find no good parallels and may Hellenistic
a narrow
and
handles
narrow
and
and
decoration. Roman
periods
the Hellenistic
rim make
it unique
It
period
within
the
collection.
BOWLS Deep 8
Bowl inventoried
Shape:
in
(8
examples
or disk
Ring
12, 28, Fig. 50, Pl. 40
Charts
(287-290) deposit
foot; deep
-=___________=_-i-m*
sample)
body with
convex
wall;
/
project-
\
ing rim. \ / Size: H. Decoration:
Sometimes
Date:
Diam.
14.1-20.3,
Ca.
on
gloss
22.7-32.6 interior
> 0.5. \
cm; H./Diam. and
/
rim. \__=_________r
or later
165-50
Except for the absence of handles, this shape is identical to the smaller, lighter examples of the deep lekane (e.g., 263, 264). It is also similar to the shallow bowl discussed below, differing introduces scantily
in It is a rare only proportions. of misidentification the possibility in the sample represented deposit
its similarity and, although the deep of fragments, bowl as well. A disk foot is documented
shape
to other seems only
shapes to be only at the be
ginning of the series, in deposit G 5:3, of the second quarter of the 2nd century (e.g., 287, in two bowls have ring feet (e.g., 288-290); Hellenistic water-jug fabric). Four late Hellenistic of
these
are
coated
Sullan debris
with
23 inventoried Shape: Decoration:
Date: Comparanda:
or disk foot;
5.1-15.7,
and
the
rim
gloss Diam.
on
(e.g.,
into
the
1st century
Two
examples
from
B.C.
12, 28, Figs. 50-52,
Pis. 40, 41
sample)
or down turned ec ting body; proj von or grooves top. groove ^r interior and rim.
19.5-38.0
288).
F, and one from deposit R 10:1 (see 290) suggest that
shallow with
sometimes
Sometimes
Ca.
(46 in deposit
examples
interior
Charts
(291-305)
Ring rim,
Size: H.
well
continued
Bowl
Shallow
the
two in Group
(e.g., 289),
production
sporadic
on
gloss
cm; H./Diam.
V?
y
< 0.5.
350-150 151, no.
190-150); 151, fig. 27, pl. 66 (Dipylon Well B1? AbschnittWl, half of first 3rd 14:645 Eretria, foot, 1990, 47, Metzger century); p. (ring pl. Metzger of 2nd century); second 1997, p. 39, no. 23, pis. 20, 21 (ring foot, Eretria, quarter Schmid 260); Lilimpaki-Akamati 2000, p. 366, no. 37, pl. 184 (disk foot, Eretria, before no. 3rd 48:8 13, pl. 1996, p. 130, century); Lilimpaki-Akamati (ring foot, Pella, early Braun
1970,
p.
BOWLS
115
1994, p. 128, no. 30, pi. 5 (disk foot, Pella, 2nd century); Andronikos 1961, p. 42, no. 1, no. n 1349, fig. 44, pi. 28 and Touratsoglou 1980, p. 60, figs. 22, 25 (Veroia); Drougou Hatzidakis mid-2nd Veroia, 2000, 124; p. century); (semiglazed, pi. 74:p (Delos, 90-70); Archontidou and Deligiorgi 1994, pp. 187, 189, figs. 3, 4 (ring foot, Lemnos).
is described
What fact
as the "breakdown" of the Classical
by Sparkes and Talcott of a new, Hellenistic
the creation
as the
shape,
form
traditional
loses
lekane178 is in
its handles.
two
The
earliest pieces (295, 296) come from deposits laid down before the end of the 4th century, establishing the date of the beginning of the series. Both have ring feet, a form that continues throughout the history of the shape. A version with a disk foot (291-294) exists only in bowls from
could
are
and
ismade
bowl
ring-footed variants
glazed
of
contexts; many is rare in the 3rd
3rd-century The ring foot
the
century,
of Hellenistic
sometimes on
these
represented source.
single sometimes
interior,
of Hellenistic
on
fabric
water-jug two
by only
fabric
water-jug
a
have
are made
(see
examples
(298), which
2.
are of different others, however, rim as well. The ring-footed examples
The the
One
297).
that the two
confirms
fabrics tend
to be larger and deeper than those with disk feet. A single example of the late 3rd or early 2nd century iswithout a foot (305). A homogeneous group of seven smaller bowls (Diam. 14.5-23.6 seems
cm, to cluster
quarter
It seems likely that production three
have examples ca. 150. Two of
after
thus find
parallels contexts.180 This
been
have
in the 3rd only
saucers Most
of the shape ceased sometime
inventoried
those
leaves
to in shape black-gloss of the 2nd century.
similar
e.g., 302-304), in the second
disk
from feet
with
are
rims,179
projecting of Pink temper
fabric.
the 2nd century. Only
during
of material largely consisting dating of Hellenistic fabric; waterjug they that they are residual in their respective
deposits are made
and
an indication century, destruction 301, from Sullan
debris,
a slender
prop
for
extend
ing the life span of the shape into the 1st century. Except for a single rim fragment in Group E, the shape is absent from the context pottery of deposits of the second half of the 2nd It seems century. 2nd century.
Small
Bowls
18 inventoried This
collection
likely,
therefore,
it went
that
(306-320)
out
of production
around
the middle
PI.
52,
Fig.
of
the
42
examples of small
or
of various and sizes presents such a plates shapes miscellany can be made on them. that little comment reflect Several the of black bowls, which shapes were common. far more for the Even to tasks, Athenians simplest preferred black-gloss plain in these and the variety bowls is such that one that at least some of ware, plain-ware suspects them are imports. The echinus bowl and bowl with rim occur thickened in one example each traces of a thin, brown latter retains even more it with (307, 308). The wash, linking closely black wares. as a mortar, The seems too small and 306, originally angular published light for such a function. An open, occurs bowl in several (309-314), nearly hemispherical examples with while
bowls
treatments of foot and rim. The differing come the other three from Thompson's
the 2nd century. Shallow bowls or plates bear
some
resemblance
to the
latest,
three
footless
in the 3rd century, date examples in the second date half of E, and hence
Group
like 315, 316, and 318, with slightly thickened
semiglazed
examples
of
the
rolled-rim
plate.181
rims,
may have replaced such plates in the 1st century, following the Sullan sack, illustrating of Athenian ceramics during that low point in the history of the impoverishment city. 178. AgoraXIl, p. 215. 179. Agora XXIX, pp. 149-150, figs. 52, 53, pis. 66, 67. 180. P 6334 and P 20501, from E 14:1 and E 14:3, respectively. a E 14:1 contained of 3rd-century E 14:3, material; large amount
connected material,
a tunnel, to it by in smaller though
also
to 293, from a 3rd-century 181. E.g., Agora XXIX, p. 314,
similar
contained
amounts.
Both
deposit. nos. 694-700,
They
the
Early Hellenistic are of the bowls
fig.
50, pl. 62.
116
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
BASINS Heavy
Basins
5 inventoried The
(321-324) examples
excavations each
basins,
have
some
collection
of
are from
Most
purpose. specific construction sturdy
size and
large
a miscellaneous
unearthed for
created
their
though
Pis. 43, 44
53-55,
Figs.
indicate
purely
that
could
they
handmade
thick-walled, Late Hellenistic
large,
contexts,
be much
well
earlier.
One (321) is a plain basin with heavy, scalloped lug handles, unusual only in its thick walls and in the fact that it is handmade. Only two of the other three are sufficiently preserved to reconstruct positioned
handles,
angular
"tunnels"
in 324. The
are
have
two holes,
324
are
located
two holes
with
treatment
at the
those
sometimes
level
are
of
the
the vessel, however, an attachment, now
equipped that require floor,
so both
large
enough away, on the
broken
and
in
oval
usually have made
some could
to have outside
and
two,184 of
of
the
for
impossible have served
On explanation. as drains. functioned
required of one
form
even anyone, as a prop for the of water, but both 322
it
further have
of 322 find
The
shape.182
conceivably for the outflow drains
with
features
is not
two their walls, through asymmetrically two rect in 322 and the floor?a shelf
of
raised shelf, the dip in the rim, and the handles
although is only
Bathtubs
and
provided unusual
larger 13.0 cm wide, would which to sit in the vessel, itmight although
shelf, however, a small child, feet.183
an
and
in bathtubs,
parallels
are
Both
shape.
the
the holes,
both
322, The
holes
volume
remaining
preserves
of
part of the bottom
part of a channel leading upward. This indicates clearly that the hole did not function as a drain; possibly the attachment was a funnel-like mouth for directing liquid into the vessel. It would be easier to fill the vessel by hand than through a small inflow hole, and it therefore a was to to enable flow of liquid that this arrangement steady designed likely or to to of something, for the continuous the vessel, pass rinsing perhaps provide through one at or less a more two floor water also has maintain 324 level, holes, temperature. steady or on at of the interior level of the about the the but the other wall, up supports top higher more
seems
This
"tunnels."
than the height
higher
a
provide
stream
steady
Spouted
Shallow 2 inventoried Shape:
been
have
may
of
case
in which
of the interior supports.
Itmight
intent
the
was
to fill
the basin
no
an inflow, again
also have been
to
liquid.
Basin
(325,
(2 in deposit
examples Flat bottom;
an overflow,
low, slightly
29, Fig. 55, Pl. 44
Chart
326)
sample) flaring
r
wall; plain rim; spout at level of
~~~\v W
^^^^^^^KttKKKKKK^i^kti^K/^BBKtKKKKm
floor.
Size: Diam.
60.0-61.0
cm.
1953, pp. 86-89, figs. 119-122; Marcade 74; Olynthusll, pp. 46-50, figs. 137, 138; Ginouves see Gabrici For tubs with handles, 35-45, pis. IV-VIII.
182. E.g., Delos XVIII, p. 583, 1962, 1925,
fig. pp.
422-423,
1, 2; Ginouves
1962,
pi. VIII:25. a drain and
pp. figs. raised oval basins with but shallower 183. Heavy center occur with some regu or at the interior support pedestal strata in Palestine III, pp. 185 (e.g., Samaria larity in Iron Age there as have been identified 187, fig. 29, pi. XVII:16). They vessels on the basis of ethnographic similar footbaths analogy: in the 1950s for the washing were in use in Palestinian villages
of feet
before
pi. I). A ritual their function
prayer function
1932, pp. 179-180, (Crowfoot seems unlikely for our basins,
was probably or industrial. hygienic basin 184. A Hellenistic 322 and
furnished
with
a
a
strictly
from
Praesos
outflow
one,
practical similar
figs.
1-3,
however; whether
in profile
at the floor
to
(Bosanquet single was used to sepa 1901-1902a, pp. 268-269, figs. 35,36) probably would oil. But two outflows rate oil from water in newly pressed structure of both internal and the complex offer no advantage, 322
and
324 would
serve
no purpose
in such
an operation.
BASINS Decoration: Date:
On
one,
Ca.
115 to end
incised
Dothan
Comparanda:
1971,
wavy line on of 1st century? 100,
pp.
rim.
60:11
figs. 44:23,
112,
117
Iron Age).
(Ashdod,
two large, shallow basins are both fitted with spouts, one bridged (325), the other of rim of the the is also The line that decorates 326 wavy top occasionally found plain (326). on lekanai (277, 279, 281, 285). Both basins come from Late Hellenistic contexts, but their
These
heavy before
that
indicates
construction
The and discard. breakage of olive presses, but ceramic use.185 They might have been used, red-figure 6th and
5th
provide centuries.186
picture
The
treading
of
our
seem
are
spout never have
for pressing the equipment
surface
four legs and supplied with a spout. The
for a considerable
survived
the
could
however,
a clear
have
and
shape basins
tables
vases
could
they
reminiscent withstood
scenes Vintage in winemaking,
grapes. used
of a low-sided
consists
of time period of the stone press the pressure of such
trough
at least
and in the on
supported
those of the pictured
low sides?both
on black-
troughs and of
for this purpose, but the paintings show that the grapes woven to strain in a loosely basket?the served Tpuyot7co(;?which typically ran out out stems, and stalks before the expressed into a container seeds, juice positioned on a low as below the spout. Our basins, could have served support, placed portable troughs are for the pressing of small amounts of wine. Ceramic for in this known purpose troughs Palestine.187 basins?may
were
inconvenient
contained
Deep
Basin
Spouted
2 inventoried Shape:
(1 in deposit
examples Flat
or
recessed
walls;
deep thickened
body
,
with ( ^^
rim, rising
straight spout; tubular, upturned spout higher behind two with horizontal mouth; handles, flaring in section. round j Size: H. 24.0, Diam. 34.0 cm. 1_^^?^^ Decoration: inside and upper Gloss outside. Date:
Late
to early
2nd
tubular
to suggest spout from
pourer was to be manner
up
curving
but varies in height
are
they
splashes), there the
was
spout.
likely,
hazardous?probably ware was used. As cooking local products. Both pieces
general industrial
^^
M f
vessels
(327) is substantially whole,
of
same
the
the wall,
and thickness,
poured, through
both
from
and
>--?l?-"^V
1st century
Only one of these extraordinary details
29, Fig. 55, PL 45
sample)
bottom;
or convex
Chart
328)
(327,
heavy
rising higher behind
caustic unusual come
a low, shape: barrel-shaped its mouth horizontal.188 nearly
horizontal was rather as from
handles
concern
obviously The liquid
the Late
that
it not
out,
Hellenistic
contexts
run
but
valuable, perhaps particularly than hot, since household indicates that is, fabric shape and were
a
heavy inward
to protect
of the vessel.
control splash
with
rim curves
the
Whatever
in a directed
more or, perhaps fabric rather than both
examples found in the
in connection
with
are same
some
there.
185. For a well-preserved press for the manner
pl. XXXIX:273-275; see Brun tioned,
vessel The
the spout (presumably
facilitate
area (grid squares F 14 and F 19), and perhaps were used activity
but 328 agrees in enough
table, see Delos XVTll, p. 100, in which such presses func
and Brunet 1997, pp. 598-605, fig. 19. 186. Sparkes scenes collects ca. 590 between (1976) dating and 430 and discusses the treading process.
187. Dayagi-Mendels
1999,
p.
28
(a portable
press
from
Ashdod). 8th-century 188. A parallel for the unusual form of the spout occurs at Glanum in the 1st century, on a handmade vessel lower, though 1991, p. 230, fig. 19, lower right). (Arcelin
118
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
LIDS Lids
Miscellaneous 6 inventoried
in
obvious The
shape.
vessels
utility, most
a lid is the storage bin. But while are
there other
only
objects?plates, are of an appropriate
331) the gloss
decoration
from
that
over
corpus
shape slip of storage jars;
numerous
1 storage
small
to take
designed
lids
conical and
bin,
similar
with
fragments
sample,
that various
then,
likely, Two
as covers.
rim of a Form
and miscel
in the deposit
counted It seems
sample. functioned
the
rare
surprisingly that was clearly
same
rocks?often to
typical
as lids are
over 70 storage jars were
lids, of all forms, tiles, or flat
39
sample)
identifiable clearly in the vessel
common
Pl. 46
56,
Fig.
(39 in deposit
examples
their
Despite laneous
(329-334)
(330, share
they decora
tion in the context pottery probably come from lids of this form. The fine fabric and small size of a 3rd-century lid (329) suggests association with the smaller, pyxislike variety of the Form
2 storage
which
it comes
although inWest shape
the
with
bin,
lid that,
a
of
chiefly
been
found
elsewhere.189
is a reversible
332
to Late Hellenistic
is similar
context,
3rd-century
versions
of
Slope.190
a tidy lid for a small Form 3 storage bin like 170; it is
small, plain 333 would make
The
lids have
similar
from
for
however,
interest,
the dipinto
on
written
its upper
surface.
Mabel
read
Lang
like "lid of the fish."191 This it to mean this as (3cp|i8vco[v]icd?U)|U|Lia, something construing for a number of reasons. The dipinto ismostly effaced and is problematic interpretation to read. With
difficult
very
Kathleen
Alan Boegehold,
ment,
to
unable
produce it is, is not
whatever
Among "food."
the
it was
reading, In any event, alpha. to be no lexical appears an
for
translations
The
apjievoc given from is a snippet
cited
passage
infrared
and
Lynch,
an alternate
there
Furthermore,
of
assistance
the
and
photography
I examined clear
that
for the support in LSJ, the only Numenius's
we were
it together. Although the
letter
last
seems
it hardly
enhance
computer of to
necessary translation one
that
Halieutikon,
the
second
label
of apjuevcc
a
lid as
approaches quoted
word, "lid." "fish."
"fish"
is
by Athenaios
(6.306c): Tolai
K8v apiLieva
sense of the passage
aorist
middle
dpocpiOKco,
lid of a small pattern date.
in imitation pyxis, made on the concentric ridges
Lid
Fenestrated 5 inventoried Shape:
189. E.g., Giannikouri, 92:p, 94:a, 95:a (Rhodes); 190. E.g.,
lid with
P 3366,
Patsiada,
P 12164
and
holes
Philimonos
p. 65, no.
(AgoraXXIX,
"suitable."
top.192
sometimes a 3rd-
or
75.8, pp.
a similar
early-2nd-century
sample)
cut through wall and a round hole at right angles on top. in section, 1990,
display
it is the
29, Fig. 56, PL 46
Chart
strap or round
MedeonV,
seems to be a second
"fit" or
translated
which pyxides, indicates Its context
of marble
in deposit
(none
Bell-shaped
be
should
(335-339)
examples
handles,
and
the word
(334) has a surprisingly complex upper profile; possibly
A single small lid or stopper of
8e^8Tpa
mpr\kav.
is far from clear, but in this context from
participle
r\ eivaXir\v
ii 7i8ipfjva
Koup\)A,ov
The
Tcdvxa naponkioGaxo
pis. figs. 113,114. nos. 366-367,
at center
of top; two basket
1280, figs. 79, 80, pis. 95, 96). 191. Agora XXI, p. 91, no. L 19, pi. 56. 192. Weinberg 1959, pp. 19-20, figs. 23, 24, 26.
1273,
LIDS
cm.
Size: Diam. 27.0-30.0 Date:
Late
Only five examples Four,
complete.
(flJ^
2nd
early
,Lurc
century
^4^
of the shape have been
however,
preserve a
with
combined
or all of the distinctive
part
is preserved, (336) row slits?identifies
aA i
crossed
pierced
by
\
\ /
are
(335) the handles its wall
vessel,
bell-shaped
rows of triangular holes. Only
none of them
identified,
at the top, and on one of those
bail handles clearly
to
3rd
119
/\
two
t.>WNVN^A^_^
the lower part of the fifth example
but
the pierced it as a member
wall?here of
a combination
with
the class.
The
of
is not
group
triangles uniform. 335
and and
nar long, 336 are of
a hard, thin fabric, and the profile of 335 seems to be 339, with amolded fairly complicated. lip around the central hole, is similar in profile to 335 but ismade of a different fabric. 337 and
are
338
no
and
simpler,
surrounds
molding
the central
hole.
Three
of these
come
objects
from datable contexts: two from the Middle Stoa building fill (deposited ca. 170), and one from cistern B 13:3, filled around 190. A large Hellenistic vessel perhaps of the same shape in fine
with
ware,
comes
decoration, a Middle suggest
gloss
contexts
These
lid of somewhat
pierced a pear-shaped
finial,
that lids of approximately
form, however, an Athenian
from
the
deposit covering concentration for
Hellenistic
different comes
a
from
with deposit
this form continued
four
the
and decoration, applique 1st century,194 suggesting
handles, the early
of
of ca. 250-170.193 range form. A more elaborate
to be manufactured
in the later Hellenistic
period.
In the shape of the body and the piercing of the wall, these objects resemble the much covers smaller thymiaterion of the Classical period.195 Similar small in pierced lids, made the fine, soft fabric commonly used for votives, have been identified in the Hellenistic where
assemblage,
metal
with
together sideration
form
thymiateria have may
here
as kernos
served
they
lids of analogous
(though
in
or
covers.196
thymiaterion
smaller and different in Tarentum.197
and
Egypt a similar served
The
One
purpose.
Pierced,
in details)
bell-shaped
have been vessels
larger to
objection
this
found con
under identification,
however, is that no large-scale thymiateria with which the lids might be paired have been identified at the Agora; possibly, then, the lids were placed directly on small altars of stone.
The
walls
pierced
also
find
in
parallels
terracotta
lanterns,
but
those,
of
course,
are all equipped with floors.198 The lids could, however, have served as wind shields for the flame from drafts, but the holes lamps, the wall protecting allowing light to emerge.199 of
None with
the
lamps
examples or incense;
show
traces
any
of
occurs
burning
very
this
but
burning, rarely
on
does
the
small
not
preclude thymiaterion
their lids
use as
well.200
193. P 18761,
from M
1335, fig. 84, pl. 102). 194. Vogeikoff-Brogan 195. P 484, P 20782, 1345-1348, and a hole
21:1
(Agora XXIX,
pp.
372-373,
no.
pp. 321-322, fig. 24. P 15869, P 16947 p. 331, nos. (AgoraXIl, cf. also MC 6, a clay bell with a basket handle 2000,
pl. 44); at the top
p. 332, no. 1366, pl. 44). (AgoraXIl, 196. Agora XXIX, on p. 212. Cf. also small lids found at Olbia, the Black Sea (Saizewa 1962, pp. 186,189-192, figs. 3, 6, 8-11). also thymiaterion covers in lagynos ware, smaller but Compare of a similar handle and an open shape, with a basket top, but an wall (Schafer 1968, pp. 107-108, 115, nos. F 49 unpierced F55, fig. 9, pis. 46, 49). 197. collects ramic,
Pfrommer other as well
1987,
pp.
made examples, as representations
29-40, pis. of bronze,
2-5, silver,
of thymiateria
32.
Pfrommer
stone, in other
and media,
ce
on pp. 202-212. 198. Loeschcke
1904, p. 456, pp. 382-385, fig. 6; Zahn Corinth XVIII. nos. 1, 166-167, fig. pp. 59-61, 491-495, fig. 20, pl. 49. 199. Loeschcke wind (1909, pp. 380-382, fig. 5) illustrates shields to the Hellenistic that he dates A period. may parallel also be found in a series of tall, fenestrated towers of unknown
no.
202,
1909,
540:1;
burners? ornamental (incense purpose finials?) lamp chimneys? from Roman sites in and England (Loeschcke 1909, Europe pp. 405-412, 1991, p. 25, fig. 19, esp. fig. 19:2). See also Trimby under "b", fig. 5:81, with further bibliography. 200. Agora XXIX, from the Sanc p. 212. The lamp holders and Kore also lacked tuary of Demeter any trace of carbon 1, p. 61). (Con'n^ XVIII.
120
Two-Handled
Lid/Bowl
5 inventoried
HOUSEHOLD
29, Fig. 56, PL 46
Chart
(340-343)
(2 in deposit
examples
WARE
""
/^
sample)
'^^^
Shape: Broad, domed lid; flat, projecting rim sliced away on one
side; two thick, vertical
(C^_j^^y
from
strap handles
^-^^
wall to rim. ^x\ /fy^ Size: Diam. 29.0-33.8 cm. // \\ Date: Ca. 270 to 1st century ii \ \ Comparanda: Hatzidakis 2000, p. 127, pi. 77:(3, left (Delos, ca.
Cj
C^
90-70). \\ // Only five examples of
them
which
340
incomplete.
to its inner
tangent
mately
reconstruction unlike
that,
two handles,
of
edge,
these
vessels
one
on
based
above, most
3rd
and
century 13:8,
(cy~
in the
three
around
deposited
late 260.
the
and
the
Despite
on
thrown
comes
in the
gap
approxi
the
exterior
the wheel
two dating
period, with earliest
century-long
on
marks
Wheel were
edge
straight
has been found, but the
example
vessels
1st century;
a
creates
the Hellenistic a
^^/
^\^^
structure.
the
forms,
2nd
^x>-v
treatment
illustrates
343,
round-bottomed
then trimmed to the hemispherical shape. The five examples are spread throughout of B
as well.
in a straight away side of the bowl. This
cut
neatly on
is the
\\. yy ^
_
to the axis of the two handles. No complete
parallel
show
of
been
has
parts
all
inventoried,
on the other examples
feature
puzzling rim, which
the
line,
preserves
should be restored
most
The of
of this shape have been
from
the
in the
lower
between
record
and
fill
about
the Hellenistic 210 and 125, it seems likely that the shape persisted throughout period. The rare seems to in the be from is the Delos very single example only parallel of Hel shape clay; lenistic
I have
that
date
located.201
to the function It would, for of the rim must be related of the shape. peculiar or surface, or to scoop up material from a flat-bottomed enable container the user instance, a to onto contents the its flat surface, which rest; the edge edge would against straight dump to out whatever A somewhat had been similar substance could also be used dumped. spread common was share in Late Bronze and Iron Age Palestine.202 These vessels Age shape fairly treatment
The
the
rounded
the Agora angle. The instead
been
vertical the heavy, loop handles, the rim, instead of being sliced, is the same, however, approximately
effect
of
The
rounded.
function,
studied by Seymour Gitin
context
and
Palestinian
historical examples
relationship in details correspondence
he
been
making
of
these
vessels
rim of
everted
turned up to a nearly one side of the vessel
chronology
the
identifies 13th
the Hellenistic
with
has in
the
cases,
have
vertical straight recently
(1993). Primarily on the basis of form, but with support from
considerations, were made from
any direct
and
typology,
in some
and,
bottom, but vessels,
of form
to the
vessels that
suggests
as scoops for dried foodstuffs. and can scarcely late 7th century,
them
under the
two
here.
consideration have
might
been
used
Still, for
The have
the
close
the
same
or related purposes. Against this may be argued that the effect of an upcurved rim would be the upcurved side to assist in scooping grain (for example) from a bin in a forward motion, over be of no help rim would rim. A sliced the from backward the grain sliding preventing in that
situation,
so
it seems
that
the
similarities
between
the
two,
however
intriguing,
are
likely to be coincidental. 201. A large bowl from Ephesos has a projecting rim, but ismuch dles, and does not have a sheared no.
373,
pl.
31). A
shallow,
shares
the round
deeper, apparently rim (EphesosXlll:l:l, bowl from 2nd-century
bottom
and
lacks han p. 104, Tarentum
lacks handles 202. Gitin Lachish, (lower
and 1993.
see Magrill 6:c.
left),
the
sheared
For
rim
(Hempel
good photographs and Middleton 1997,
1997, pl. 122:8). from of examples 73, figs. 4 pp. 70-71,
STANDS
121
in his discussion of the Delian example, proposes quite a different Panayiotis Hatzidakis, solution.203 He identifies the shape with the ancient yaoTp67rcr|<;,and believes that it functioned as a lid rather than a bowl, to be placed over a lopas. This would explain the position of the above the level of the rim?making them easy to barely rising as a lid?and the cutting is oriented would have away of the rim, which grasp to water the it drain from The vessel could also be made used, Hatzidakis believes, easy lopas. over or as a sort of oven; to sweets. heat cook In this bread coals were it, providing heaped are it is strange that all known made of household rather than cook case, however, examples none same trace true and of that retain is of the Delian ware, (the any ing burning example). handles,
low and
very placed the vessel when
is a shape made
There
as
functioned the
above
rise higher, could then,
rim, so they would a detail that the over
be placed
was poured if bulky
of household
the mortar.
lids:
off through
The not
rim of
a mortar
to
the bowls
contents
keep
were
being
from
not
do
have
project does
often however, A two-handled
spout, accommodate.
would
solid
usually
a lid. The
with
the spout; and the highly domed
like greens,
foodstuffs,
piecrust interfered
these objects might
the mortar
of
handles
have
sliced
ware, however, with which
out when
tumbling
lid, liquid
shape would have been convenient
processed.
STANDS Stand
Low
(344,
4 inventoried
(5 in deposit
examples
low wall,
Flat underside;
Shape:
Chart
345)
metrically. Size: Diam. 14.0-22.4 Date:
Ca.
29, Fig. 57, Pl. 47
sample) with
bottom
rim projecting
and
)
sym-
,X
|
cm.
150-86
Stobil, p. 108, no. 809, pl. 94 (1stcentury); AvPIX, p. 119, pl. 56:a (Pergamon); Riley 1979, no. 56, Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 1976-1977, (Berenike); 157, p. 289, no. D631, fig. Ill p. nos. 9 and 1st Carter T 2nd 71-3 1998, p. 720, (Berenike, fig. century); (Metapontum).
Comparanda:
even
are uncertain. the proper orientation of these vessels Riley, viewing as pot the hollow side up identified them stands.204 They (as pictured above), a round-bottomed or a could have been support certainly chytra lopas, but simple ring would for such a task, so this identification sufficient leaves the presence of the floor unexplained.
The
and
purpose them with
a have sometimes been and called to low, resemblance They pyxides,205 they do bear general The marble rims are different, and they have never been found with however, pyxides.206 ap even some come from two undisturbed tombs. lids, Furthermore, propriate though examples
(one from Stobi and one from Berenike)
derside"
up, the hole
and
a function.
to such
unsuitable
it an
calls
pierced any trace of burning, smaller made pieces terracotta
figurines,
203. Hatzidakis 204.
1979,
Riley
1976-1977,
p.
205. AvPlX,p.
2000, p.
157.
incense
in the floors
have holes
Anderson-Stojanovic, burner,207 apparently it (for ventilation?).
206. also
Dent,
Lloyd,
and
Riley
nos.
E.g.,
138,
been to be
Dent,
139, fig.
207.
Stobi 1, p.
the
in association
identified
as bases
Lloyd,
108.
with
found
and Riley
14; Weinberg
26. 119.
be entirely
flat "un positioning on the "underside" of because burning or from the lack holes Examples Agora been in this way. used similar but Finally,
through so not appear to have they do ware of fine have unglazed frequently cases in these are and they probably
p. 127. 289. See
that would
the vessel
1959,
1976-1977, pp.
19-20,
with for
pp. figs.
such
188-190, 23,
24,
122
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
vases are several and for figurine with the flat side up) ,208There (again positioned at the cm are to from in 6.9 11.6 made of a very fine diameter, Agora;209 they range often the soft ware familiar from votives and and the surfaces have been figurines,
figurines of these fabric,
here (344, P 14232) were carefully finished. Two of the larger examples under consideration found in deposits that contained molds for the manufacture of figurines (F 13:3, lower fill of S 19:2).
are made
They
coarser
of much
fabric
than
the
smaller
ones,
and
however,
this,
along with their size, seems to disqualify them as figurine stands. There is also a difference in range of date. The small figurine bases occur in deposits ranging from the 4th to the 3rd the contexts
while
century, are We
a
left without
Stand
Amphora
example
ceramic
cylinders,
however, The
solid
heavy,
at both
large
a
been
OTHER
or
canteen
Greece.
flask
both
use
shape, descendant,
The
by
identify
import.
this
repertoire,212 for a longer
as body profile
a more
and position
for two incorrect for P 9382 read P 9362, numbers: (with similar to the stands under Those most P 26773 read P 26733).
p.
245,
here nos.
are P 27982,
138,
pi. 100), P 11276, taller and narrower.
P 28037-P
139, pi. 46; Williams P 22287. The others All
but P 26733
were
I
J
_J^
two forms of used, one low and broad,
itwas found contained
as well
as a small,
possibly
Ital
suggests a date
by 346. The context
but
it is a persistent with considerable
one
globular
are
usually
of
run
occasionally
its uniqueness
and its fabric
transport
of
in
for liquids in fine ware
occur
not
long history in the shape
two handles
the
undoubtedly and shapes
a
with variety
or lentoid;
and in decoration
of handles,
found
discussion
I
in the Hellenistic
unknown
plain-ware in material date. Except of much earlier its closest parallels in of shape is such details 347 similar, rim, remarkably flaring
1978, p. 363. Similar vessels 1974, p. 226; Williams at Pergamon with figurines (AvP IX, pp. 98, 1990, p. 71). 114, pi. 56:a) and in a grave atTarentum (Lippolis see Williams vases with such bases, For figurine 1978, pi. 90:b; 1969, pis. 3-5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 27, 30. Trumpf-Lyritzaki a list: p. 395, nn. 296, 297 209. Williams (1978) provides also
record,
Knidian,
canteens
208. Miller
were
but
sizes
Although finds specimen and
neck
I
amphora. were also
in plain ware; both
in Athens,211 but 347 is the only example it as an
round-
(B 20:2) inwhich
supported
was
function
primary Canteens of various
travelers.
Pl. 47
HOUSEHOLD-WARE VESSELS Pl. 47) (347-356) (Fig. 57,
its modern
to neck.
shoulder
personal
transport and metal
and
Rhodian
a common
is not
It resembles
for
wicker, in the archaeological
the body, which may be round or rectangular, from
as stands
a
for
support
ian jar (P 17046) that could easily have been in the 3rd or early 2nd century.
The
suggestion?that
57,
served
ends,
as wood, identified
of amphoras,
pieces
early 1st century. are the vessels pot
amphoras of various sizes. These are so rare, of support must usually have been employed.
is probably such materials,
supports
to
the mid-2nd
jP
open
have
Riley's
like ours, a tall cylinder.210 The drawshaft
the other, several
though
from
objections.
346
various
Although terracotta
run
examples
Fig. I
c.
pots or pointed that other means
bottomed
larger solution,
(346)
1 inventoried Plain,
the
satisfying the fewest
to raise
stands?seems
of
28040 1978,
1974,
(Miller 395,
no.
p. by Williams in association found
listed
57, are
terracotta
with
concentric
(groups of painted figurines,
often
with molds see Koehler
for figurines.
the pp. 61-62; in p. 62 and illustrated 6th illustrates of the late A 17. century cup red-figured fig. Collection in use 2 [USA 6], such a stand (CVA Robinson an earlier stand of the low variety from Athens, pi. 3 [246] :2). For 210.
second,
For
amphora taller variety
stands,
is discussed
on
no. 1883, (Agora XII, p. 368, 211. AgoraXXIX, pp. 183-187. and Spyropoulos 212. E.g., Abadie
see P 18843
1986,
fig.
16).
1985, p. 421, no. 3, Belov 87 20 153, 1962, (Chersonesos); (Eua); p. Panskoye fig. fig. I, p. 178, no. C 266, pi. 106 (with further references) (Cherso nesos).
OTHER to flasks manufactured
circles), Lachish both
and
have a flaring less pronounced.215 in vessels of only
are
but
again survived there, an
credit world
123
canteens Iron Age Palestine.213 Iron Age from like 347, and a drip ridge on the neck, though concentric circles also have Palestinian painted
and
mouth The
and
Iron
flasks
from
the Bronze
for Hellenistic
however,
VESSELS
seems
That tradition Ages.216 are the region quite
not
different.217
of 347 suggests a date in the later 2nd or early 1st century, and one can
The Sullan context scarcely Hellenistic
in Bronze
Samaria214
features
parallels, to have
HOUSEHOLD-WARE
heirloom
exotic where
old. centuries many tradition survived.
the older
must
There
have
areas
been
of
the
The small size of the handmade askos 348 suggests that it is an oil container. The fish shape (could the painted design be a backbone rather than a wreath?) is paralleled in an amusing at Eua, near in the shape of a from an early-3rd-century burial oil vessel black-gloss dolphin, in the Peloponnese;218 like ours, it has an outsized bail handle. Astros a slot cut into its upper From its form?a is easy to enclosed vessel with wall?it completely as a coin bank. The at the base and to a 349 broad above, with tapering recognize shape, point a small at the top, is reminiscent of the granaries of the Geometric and Proto-Attic opening period.219
one wonders
part
at Seleucia.221
is
the quite
for
slot were
the
included Byzantine
of
example
a suitable
be
would
These from
Another later
to be
coins
recovered.
the only other discarded Athens, stuck
Hellenistic
because
be
in which
about
as an
serves
of
form
glazed
they that
suggests date of most
213.
E.g.,
table
vessels.
probably are contemporary, they in the of the fine ware
Hazorll,
pl.
CXXX:10,
12, CXLIIL4
The
and
from example I know later times; in the remains
of
the
rarity suggests they of 350 is ca. 225-150;
(Middle
Bronze
Age). 214. Lachishlll,
219. 234, 307-308, (Iron type 434, pl. 74:29 173, no. 7, fig. 24:7 (8th century). at the point of the handle is attachment
pp.
Samarialll, p. Age); 215. A drip ridge a characteristic of Hellenistic
flasks
from
northern
Palestine
but aside from that detail 1995, pp. 310-311), (Guz-Zilberstein 347. they do not resemble 216. Magrill and Middleton left = 1997, p. 71, fig. 4, upper LachishW, 955, 958, L.IL349 p. 217, pis. 49:11, 84:953, (Bronze p. 101, no. 6, fig. 1:6 (early Iron Age), Age); Samarialll, pp. 173 11 (8th century). See also n. 213 175, nos. 6, 11, fig. 24:6, above. of the shape in Palestine, 217. For a summary Tel 29; ll.l, 140-142; p. pp. type Anafa 1995, pp. 310-311. 161,
218. Abadie
the back
of
example
from
19th-century for money
U.S.
and
they are un
recorded
are
in two
examples The
range of comes
imports. the other example
the animal.
Smithson
examples 220.
to
known
1968, discussion
pp. 92-97, pis. 23-27, with lists of other of interpretation. to Roger for this suggestion. Edwards
I am grateful 221. Debevoise 1934,
nos. 338-341, pp. 18, 112-113, pi. IX, lists (p. 38) four from period II (141 b.c.-a.d. 43) fig. 3. He and two from period III (a.d. 43-116). of another 222. For two examples form, with a temple facade, see Zahn 1904, p. 465, no. 234, fig. 571; Deubner 1906, p. 232, 1-3. For other see Graeven banks, mostly Roman, 1901; figs. Robinson
1924; Cheilik Kroll
223.
1973,
1963.
p. 325,
pi.
61; Agora
XXVI,
p. 315,
under
P6:2. see Lapp 1961, Guz-Zilberstein
and Spyropoulos 1985, p. 410, no. 3, figs. 52,53. a similarly shaped body and similar decoration, see late 6th-5th 1981, p. 46, no. 24, pl. 7 (Sicilian, Heldring but the Sicilian often reserved askoi, century); plastic though are otherwise with gloss decoration, from different 348, quite in the placement are of the neck and mouth, which especially For a vessel with
set into
two
the
their
context
found
by parallels
of bank
of an
symbol
of
similarity
unless
three very worn with coins a Roman in Corinth grave
iconographical
close
currency.
recognize 349 was
the Elder.225 16th-century paintings by Brueghel Two lidded kantharoi (see 350) are made of a very fine fabric, and although were
the
the vessel had
is supported
this
examples 100, was found
a.d.
to
hard
context
of
to its floor.223 An
also
collection
date for this object
into much shape persists that was found and of another shape
the
and would
the
The
for
this is perhaps
2nd-century
a Hellenistic
are
B.C.
the
centuries,
intervening
in that early form.220 Certainly
shape
extracted
Although
disturbance,
1st century and similar,224
England, 17th-century mint in Philadelphia.
the
the
within
dating
terracotta banks have been published; in order
broken
me.222
of any
of wealth,
repository
Very few Greek of
aware
if the shape of the coin bank could originate
as a
granary, to be
I am not
Although
p. 295, no. 506-1, pis. see Graeven the English banks, 13, 14; for the bank from Philadelphia Corinth XIII,
224.
225. For figs. of details
of
the
two
76, 99. 1901,
pp.
173-174,
and
reproductions Battle of the Piggy
(Avarice and paintings and Parrington Chests), see Cotter, Roberts, for this reference). Edwards 1992, pp. (I thank Roger Roman banks a.d. Pompeii from and 4th-century lst-century a.d. Lincoln are similar, but have a instead of a shoulder high Banks
and
baggy
profile
theMoney 196-197
(Graeven
1901,
pp.
169-171,
figs.
8, 10).
HOUSEHOLD
124 from
E 14:1, where
cistern
most
material
dates
WARE either
in the 3rd
or after
century
ca.
150. An
that other, nearly complete, was found in the fill of a well on the South Slope of the Acropolis was probably deposited by ca. 265.226A 3rd-century date for the form thus seems highly likely. Other unique pieces include the body of a small pyxis (351) and a small vessel similar in to a storage
shape
bin and
inclusions,
sparking
are made
Both
(352).
were
they
a hard, fabric with abundant orange same Late Hellenistic in the together of
found
piece, a squat to E 14:3 by a
(cistern E 14:3). The fabric is close to that of another unique Late Hellenistic (7), which was found in E 15:3, a cistern connected jug with a trefoil mouth tunnel.
The
finds
jug
in Lesbos,
parallels
and
an eastern
pieces is likely. A deep plate (353) eludes classification. Although cooking pans, this item ismade of a heavy household made
vessels
Two
of
the period. are not
vessels
closed
large jug or amphora,
well
enough
and preserves
Aegean
for all
origin
small context
of
three
these
the local shapes most similar to it are fabric; it is also one of the few hand for
preserved
the lower(?) handle
comes
355
identification.
of a rope handle,
attachment
a
from
below
a rope handle context is a clay loop. The is Sullan. Another vessel with fragmentary to in Group F227 provides for a Late Hellenistic date. A late-3rdsupport early-2nd-century a a context from closed vessel with 356, small, lunate, produced fragment fingernail impres are found on the walls as well as sions on the wall. Similar of blister-ware impressions jugs,
which
in imitations
of
the
different
quite
from
in canonical
shape those
Corinthian
but
wares,
the vessel
The
of 356 is soft fabric pale, A imitated Corinthian models.
fabric.228 have
might
It is third object (354) appears to be nearly complete, but defies identification nonetheless. a finely finished clay disk, slightly concave underneath and marked with concentric grooves on
the
far
too
top. Such small and
a small
be High and
bat
polish the small
grooves
are
light, (a removable and fine finish size would
on
from Crete.229 is The wheelheads object potters' it could such a purpose, served conceivably though to a wheelhead) of a very small vessel. for the throwing to such a purpose, have been necessary though, scarcely
paralleled to have however, addition would
have
made
the pot
working
difficult.
extremely
BEEHIVES Form
Standard
/
PL 48
Figs. 58,59,
(357-372)
i?.?* =
\
Hive 16 inventoried
Hellenistic
examples
(46 in deposit
sample)
Shape: Flat or (rarely) rounded bottom; deep, nearly cylindrical body, widening slightly toward top; projecting
or downturned
rim,
sometimes
with
7 I
S j I
ridge or offset below on outside; scoringon half to three-fourths of circumference
F
I
I
of interior\ and
I
sometimeson part of floor. \ Size:H. 35.7-63.5,Diam. 31.0-38.0 cm.230 \ Date: Late 5th century toRoman \ p. 56, no. A 236, fig. 25, pi. 78. no. F 68, p. 17, (AgoraV, pis. 1, 42). and Corinth VII.3, p. 146, with n. 13. Cf. Abadie
226. Vogeikoff P 20514
227. 228.
1985, poulos 229. E.g., pis. 17, 18.
Evely
230.
1993,
p. 400,
no. 1988,
1, fig. pp.
30; p. 410, nos. 90-92,
no.
4, fig 50.
48,
51,
61, figs.
I / /
a range Spyro
greater examples
7, 9,
figs.
1,5).
records Liidorf In a survey of hives from all over Attica, cm in diameter of 25-46 (with examples measuring cm of 36-63 and a height than 40 cm rare), (with over
60
cm
rare)
(Liidorf
1998-1999,
pp.
69,
72,
BEEHIVES
125
Ring 2 inventoried Shape:
(2 in deposit
examples Low,
sample)
ring with
cylindrical
thickened
slightly
edges
and
horizontal
scoring
on
inner
surface.
ca. 36.0
Size: Diam.
cm.
Cover 7 inventoried Shape:
Flat disk; located cover
opposite inside
aligned 33.8-37.0
Liidorf
sample) or on top; one or two straight grooves lugs ridges or three holes pieced through edge of cover; two a central cutout at sometimes hole; crescent-shaped
shallow, concentric near one another,
several
or outside
just
edge, Size: Diam. Comparanda:
(23 in deposit
examples
with
lug;
lug(s). cm.
1998-1999
(Athens
12:5, 70:8-10
(hives,
(hive, cover,
325-265),
cover);
and Attica);
Kerameikos
IX, pp. 30-31,166, nos. A 261-A 1993, pp. 59-60,
nos. 263,
397, 398, pis. fig. 30, pi. 86
Vogeikoff (hive, rings, cover, p. 79, nos. B 74-B 80, figs. 45, 46, pis. 119,120 Parlama and Stampolidis 2000, p. 212 (kiln site (South Slope of Acropolis); 275-225) at Evangelismos and Sackett 1973, pp. 391-394, 397-414, Jones, Graham, Hospital); nos. 135-177, 83-86 covers, Vari, ca. 13, 18-21, 75-77, 443-452, (hives, pis. rings, figs. 88-90 Pe Trachones, 1976, pp. 325-275, Sounion-Laurion); (hive, Marathon); Jones and Steinberg McCredie, pp. 5-6, pi. l:p (hive, Rhamnous); Vanderpool, no. 46 3rd Lohmann 1993, passim 1962, p. 38, (hive, Koroni, (Attica); century); early no. 6 Koroni and 335, 11, 1961, (hives, p. Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou fig. Helioupolis, first half of 3rd century); McCredie 1966, p. 46, no. 5, pi. 20:f (hive, Kynosoura), p. 62 trakos
1992,
1990 (hive, ring, (hive, Thriasian "Lager"); Jones Munn 1985, p. 152 (Agrileza, 1983, p. 155, Soureza); n. 165 Mount 301, Tower, Kastraki, Beletsi), (hives, p. Hymettos Phyle, Patroklos 1993, pp. 77-78, Tower); Munn Island), (hive, Aigaleos p. 405 Osborne 1985, p. 193 (hive, ring, Philaidai); (hive, covers, Dema Tower); (hive, Yerovouno), and Graham Crane
B'l
Thorikos); n. 30 (ring, Eleutherai, nos. 18-20 ArchDelt
43,
pp. 73-75, pis. 44:a, 45:a (hives, rings, cover, Voula); Cosmopoulos 17-22 n, 48:m, 64:4, 45, 5, 78:1, 86:14, 7, (hives, Oropos); figs. Pologiorghi and van Andel Runnels, 1994, p. 128, nos. 1, 2, pi. 60 (hives, Oropos); Jameson,
(1988
2001,
p. 70
[1993]),
p. 67,
1998,
(hives, Zerveika [Argolid]); Mee and Forbes 1997, p. 122 (hive,Methana);
pp. 446-448
1991, pp. 260-263, Cherry, Davis, and Mantzourani figs. 5.9, 5.10 (hives, Kea); Hasaki nos. Eretria 2003 112, VIII, 76, 77, figs. 172, 173 (hive, ring, first (Paroikia, Paros); p. half of 3rd century); Eretria X, p. 187, no. 205, fig. 213 (6th to 3rd century), p. 197, nos. 437, 438, fig. 245 (5th to 3rd century), p. 201, no. 558, fig. 258 (second half of 4th to first half
of 3rd century) observation, hives, (hives); Karystos lids); Kabirion (personal III, pi. 52:4-7 1959, p. 337, no. 17, fig. 11, pi. 72:c (hive, Isthmia, Late (hives); Broneer nos. 1-4, and 2002, pp. 348, 352-354, Roman); Anderson-Stojanovic Jones figs. 2, 4, nos. Ill 6, 7 (hives, Isthmia, Late Roman); 1985, 428, 37-39, (hives, p. Gregory pi. Late
Roman
to Early Byzantine); Bruneau of 1st century); Siebert 1988,
no. D 240,
pi. 49 first third first (hive, Delos, 763, Delos, (hive, p. no. third of 1st century); Brock and Young Al 1949, p. 87, 25, pi. 30:3 (hive, Siphnos); and d 1997, 280, 1992, p. 93, p. legro Papadopoulos pi. 206:g, (ring, Gortyn); Callaghan no. 9 Sackett 1992, pp. 176-177, 400-375); (ring, Knossos, pis. 134, 221 (hives, rings, to Trajanic); Francis 1999 (Sphakia); Massa covers, Knossos, Augustan 1992, pp. 227-228,
Corinthia,
nos. no.
662-665, 283
666-668, pis. 88, and century), perhaps
possibly
(mid-3rd
1970b,
p. 261, fig. 31
Anderson (hives, Lemnos); 1954, p. 157, no. no. 28 137, 79, fig. 5 p. (Archaic), p. 142, 127
HOUSEHOLD
126
Boardman
(hives, Chios);
(Classical)
WARE 1956,
no.
51-53,
pp.
7 (hive, Delphinion,
11, fig.
Chios); Samos XIV, p. 120, fig. 198:D (hive, 2nd century?); Ephesos XIII:1:1, p. 104, no.
pl. 31
375,
(hive).
were
stands"
"umbrella
in fact
2000,
terracotta
ancient
taken
suggestion,
by Jones, Graham,
investigated
in 1973, who in the evidence presented particular at at the and Princess's Trachones and and from excavation survey district of Attica.233 Laurion by extensive archaeological Supported and
1 (Tanis).
fig.
That
beehives.231
in Agora XII,232 was thoroughly
Sparkes and Talcott
151-153,
pp.
that the tall, cylindrical vessels formerly known as kalathoi
As long ago as 1959 itwas suggested or
Harlaut
Perhaps
Geroulanos
Sackett,
from
the house
Tower
in the
and
up by at Vari
Sounion anal
ethnographic
ogy stretching from Old Kingdom Egypt to the present day, by the ancient testimonia on and by chemical analysis (which identified traces of beeswax in hive bees and beekeeping, also finds approval interpretation form?a the standard deep, apparently at Its cover was the Agora. attested well
inside?is
modern
with
this
fragments), was What
it to the hive, and provided with a crescent-shaped
oriented
at
hive
be
could
bottom enlarged
by
the
Euboia,
Thebes,
Six Hellenistic
Kea,
Delos,
hives
from
more
and many
exist
from
amples 357,
from
300;
and
late-5th-century blind the northern Menon's
from
358,
are well documented makes
appears
examples Samos,
Siphnos,
a wide
from
reported and
Lemnos,
Crete,
The
horizontally. to have been
have been
them
to
easy
Ephesos
contexts.236
365),237
complete
city,
though
two ex
has produced are
next
The
in the
Hellenistic:
however, instances, Early no was after ca. material datable there where 16:3, covers ca. 275. and their hives By contrast, deposited
of H
tunnel
even
in small
have also been
Roman
Late
there
and
pieces,
a Hellenistic
is scarcely
deposit
of the Early
in deposits
found
occur
specimens
scoring of hives
interior
The distinctive
deposits.
of one. Hives and
in use
the Agora
period;
a
to reconstruct
enough preserved The type was fragments.
the Hellenistic
Cistern,
recognize,
(see
period
are well
the Agora in smaller
in later Hellenistic
that lacks at least a fragment Roman
positioned
This
rings.
the Corinthia,
Paros,
flight hole at its edge, probably
been
have
extension
and
Chios,
well before
documented,
poorly
hive, the use of
would
used
apparently
2).235
(see Map vessel,
which
to Attica
type; in addition
spread
the
holes,
by
to attach
of
partially
cylinder several
tapering pierced
in apiculture.234 on the scored
specialists
at the Kerameikos
and
else
where.238 The vary, hives
pace of shape development of the underside but treatment from
Athens
itself.
The
and utilitarian practical to be a real chronological
in these seems
Hellenistic
hives
vessels
marker,
a flat bottom,
have
was
usually Early Roman
Details glacial. at least among not al (though contexts have
from the two hives the wall at a sharp angle, while ways) meeting are in diameter consistent convex hives undersides cm), (31-38 fairly (e.g., 365). The Agora is to 63.5 cm. Although the sample from in height: 35.7 is considerable variation there but come two hives tallest the with increased to that indicate it appears time; small, passing height
from deposits
I. Pallas,
231. Demetrios rinthia
at that
time,
in the early 1st century a.d.
discarded
originally
the ephor responsible made the suggestion
for
the Co (Broneer
234.
Crane
235.
See
1983,
pp.
comparanda P 11017 P 9325,
and Sackett
1973, pp. 397-414,
443-451.
45-51. listed
above.
no. 1853, pi. 88; (Agora XII, p. 366, cover of Liidorf 1998-1999, p. 84, nos. Bl, B 2, figs. 11, 12). A of the 5th about the same date is P 18868, from a context mostly material (lot NN 658). century, with a little 4th-century 236.
in a context
238. 217-218.
Liidorf
figs. 20-26, no. 17, fig. 39, pi. Ill ones
but
context 239. ries, fig.
5).
p. 35, no. G (AgoraV, a.d. of the 1st century nos. 1998-1999, pp. 86-88,
1 (Kerameikos,
pi. 11, pi. 72:c
ones
P 19510, statistics early
Thorikos);
(Isthmia); Gregory Two rings, higher
(Corinthia). scored on the inner
(P 19509, Liidorf's
lower
of those
,239 One
P 22091
237. Also cover
1959,
p. 337). 232. Agora XII, pp. 233. Jones, Graham,
(365, P 7976)
124, B
Broneer
(P 7976) pi. 6),
15-B
a hive
21, B 23,
1959,
p. 337, p. 428, nos. 37 than the Hellenistic
1985,
come from a Late Roman surface, B 15:4). later in the se too put taller hives
in the
from
series
(Liidorf
1998-1999,
p. 72,
BEEHIVES
/V
^^^-^
Thebes^^/
n
^
^\
\
(
SEE INSET\ Vl^1 \ ii\
5
o-s-
Eretria
\i^t>-w~x
^?
IsthmiaV^ N^
O
\
\.
T
)
*
A
<\^_^^^
_y
Samos
> Ephesos
if
Delos
V*?*
0V->
V ^
^
s?
:^\(
\
(^^^J^
^
A
Vj
JV'
^^\_
/^
ST^
V^
\ Af v
^~\
Chios
^i
^^W/T>^\%hend I
^^_
\
ixarystos
127
^f^ ^^
Oropos>x
<
<_y
V
U
f
Mt. Beletsi*
Eleutherai ?
^ Phyle.
Kynosoura^ ?aStraki '(Marathon
Dema Tower *
Thriasian n ^~s^^~\
(_^---^-''/^x^^\_^-~v^-^<^~---
Knossos
\ Sphakia
IL
?<^l
f
Athens
* ^y~X
Gortyn^__->.
Voul_V^
)
Helioupolis
\^
^t
Hymettos Tower Trachones
Philaf^
Koronh>
^^V \ \/
N?v
}V
Aigaleos
/C_T
9~^-^
?
Yerovouno Tower
Lager.
10 \f) ~~^^? y
\
Rhamnous^v
?
Thorikos( ^^ \ ^V
Map
lacks
the
internal
of
terracotta
(as do modern to
terracotta
beehives
The absence hives). in the archaeological
of
this feature
makes
and this may record, identify out to in later Agora It is also deposits. important point were more in all likelihood that hives often?and of ephemeral materials, frequently?made or were to in terms like basketry, which considered ancient authors be bark, logs, by superior
fragmentary account for
hives
scoring almost
2. Distribution
^^Agrileza? ^WAtene \? ^"% <-? Island c^^-j ^^Patrokos ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"-"
the
impossible lack of recorded hives
HOUSEHOLD
128 of
insulation.240
about
The
terracotta
of
absence or absence
the presence
hives
of beekeeping
WARE on
any site or at any at that time or place.
The use of similar hives both in the ethnographic paintings,
that
suggests
combing,
been
then,
record and as pictured
the slight taper of many
can have
flat bottom
The
surprising.
interior
partial
this fact, both
Given
horizontally. are
the only
with
along
time,
useful
says nothing
in Egyptian were
the hives
tomb
positioned
of the hives and their flat bottoms the hives
when
only
were
in
and
empty
storage. been
have
Inscriptions after scribed
were
firing
on
noted
some
probably
hives
of
marks
on 363).241 the graffito to establish since important
(see,
ownership,
in
Letters
e.g.,
a tenanted
hive is a valuable piece of property. The stamped fragment 366 may come from a hive; the diameter is about right, and the profile of the rim is similar to that of 358. This piece was not
in a closed
found on
stamped the Roman
but
context, in Athens
it (Biottos)
the date
that most
fact
that it is Hellenistic. suggests period,242 case here, it is strange that this maker not be it would visible. rim, where readily
if that the
is the
Low rings
cm high) with
(6.5-9.0
internal
documented
the 4th
between
and
of
instances B.C.,
is usually the mark Stamping on to chose his mark place
the
scoring, which were
name
the
and
1st centuries
none
in
of a maker; inside
of
in some numbers
found
as extension or ekes, which at Trachones, been would have interpreted rings, remove some to of the hive and also allow of the combs increase the capacity the beekeeper a minimum to the rest of the hive.243 It is striking and disturbance of smoking with that, while are common are rare. at the inventoried four?two hives very Agora, rings Only surprisingly at Vari
and
in context pottery?have
the others
(see 367),
been
identified. A possible
is that
explanation
a of honey time, when harvesting produced specific was in flower. of honey Such fine-tuning well desirable might production plant particularly some at to distance. bees would have had the city, where have been within forage impossible so in Athens,244 their absence have been found of elsewhere collections however, Larger rings from the Agora be fortuitous. may the
were
ekes
intended
covers
Seven of the hive cavators
placed
of
the Vari
concentric
House:245
by the ex
are of the type illustrated
at the Agora
identified
or
grooves
on
ridges
the
one
top;
or
each
in one
axis
the
of
a small hole at the center; notch and a crescent-shaped lug; usually are very uniform covers in size, closely the lugs. The with matching must has extant Geroulanos notch be the main hives. The hole; flight
smaller cover
holes onto
the
and the
hive.246
together reconstruction, of that some
It is possible
unexplained. Columella
(Rust.
recommends
9.7.6)
tors, like lizards, who may position emerge. keeper
or Any with mud,
all
of clay,
these or
a forked
with
lugs, His
dung,
or,
stick, as
sensible the
holes
also
multiple
flight
themselves
outside
however,
holes,
of
two
the edge of the cover; two or three holes
fairly near
one another
opposite
at a
to enable
course,
could
been
have
as a means
have
bees
of
the
how
shown
to
tie
the hole
central
holes;
flight
avoiding
preda
to pick off bees as they
a flight hole also
side, on diameters
used
it is, still leaves the as additional served
holes
the
by
could
lugs
beside
been
themselves
plugged with
by
the
bee (bee
propolis
glue). Rust. 3.16.17. Rust. 9.6.2; Varro, 240. Columella, 241. See also Liidorf 1998-1999, pp. 85, 87, nos. B 10, B 17, IX, p. 166, no. 398, fig. 45, pi. 70:10 19, 22; Kerameikos figs. no. B 10). Liidorf 1998-1999, (= 242. LGPN2, p. 88, s.v. Bioxxoq. and Sackett 243. Jones, Graham, devices may have 1983, p. 48. These particularly
fine
variety
of honey
1973, been called
Crane pp. 409-412; to the used produce aKarcvicrcov (Strabo
or jusapnum (Plin. JFCV11.15.4B). well on the South Slope in a 3rd-century 244. Five were found with of a hive and a cover: of the Acropolis, fragments together 1993, p. 79, nos. A 74-A 78, figs. 45, 46, pi. 119. Vogeikoff and Sackett Graham, 1973, p. 394, nos. 170-177, 245.Jones, 77. 76, pis. 9.1,23)
246. Jones,
Graham,
and
Sackett
1973,
p. 446,
fig.
19.
BEEHIVES
Forms
Other
(373-375)
1 inventoried
Hive:
129
Cover:
example;
PL
59,
Fig. 2 inventoried
48
examples
the model described and they are not all certainly from above, diverge in diameter than the standard hive covers. 375 is thinner and, at 42 cm, considerably larger one cm covers. in diameter, Classical hive measuring and two records 42 Liidorf, however, so size does not eliminate cov even It shares with the standard 375 as a hive cover. larger,247 a arc a a area on ers narrow the rim, this is low than rather (15 cm), cut-away long although near center is the small but with four holes suit notch. The is top completely plain pierced for bees. able as entries of covers
A number
to the
conforms
374
It shows, it are preserved. it for is decorated objects,
cover
Another
type in most care what
standard
of one
traces respects; could sometimes
however, in relief.
be
smaller than the norm
(176) is significantly
and
hole
taken
the
lug beside utilitarian
these
with
(Diam. 24 cm) and is perfectly
its large central for a heavy Such a large open top except surrounding ridge opening. even undesirable for a hive, it would since admit have been unnecessary, ing would preda or seems tors. The could have been reduced with but there size of the hole always clay dung,
flat on
no reason for it to have been made so large in the first place and 176 ismore likely to be the cover for a small pithos (see p. 98). Another example (177) is similar but much larger, include it in with a diameter of close to 60 cm; although the excavators of the Vari House their
of hives,248
survey
its form
(376), this one unpierced was
found
together of the mouth
over wheel
(see pp.
The
Agora
a hive, and It ismore the hive. with
the center
have
identity interior scoring.
to have
On
all other
Attic
is not
with
a small
been out
of a different not
assured, hives
where
that must
its outer
ring as a
constructed of
fitting potter's
the question.
it is only par type. Although the only by cylindrical shape, the center of the floor is pre
floor of 373, however,
the
disk
rings on its underside,
as a cover,
functioned
of a hive example of 373 as a hive seems
the
hole.
at
is pierced
are
There
two
aperture represent flight possible It may, this hive might have functioned. like other in the collection, hives have oriented the would have it from the back however, horizontally; beekeeper, approached as would not the opposite end from the flight hole), the front, in have been necessary
(i.e., the standard the rear
hives, where accords with the
instructs front
the beekeeper and out through
the hive,
in the cover. is located flight hole of ancient advice manuals. apicultural to open the hive from the back, using
the
formed from the back
the hive. A painting period,250
247. Liidorf
seems
the
hole;
flight
(9.7.2).249 Pliny
he says, where, of a movable the desirability
nos.
it could
Another
identification.
with four heavy concentric
likely, however, as a hive cover reuse
though one
this
against
in which
ways been
Saite
size argue
(and there are quite a few), the floor is solid. The
served
of
large
and equipped
132-133), also provides
tially preserved, but also by the
and
the
depicting to show
richest
cover
he
at the back, same
are
located; can which
routine
be used
p. 89, no. BR 4 (42 cm), pp. 89, 95, (46 cm); see also p. 69, fig. 1. and Sackett Graham, 1973, p. 400, no. 9. text and elsewhere Columella's (Rust. 9.15.11), two openings, both back and front. Tubular ends have been found in Iberian Valencia
Rosado
(Bonet dence form
and Mata
that the Attic
(Rust. 9.15.5-6) to the the bees
maintenance
harvesting
elsewhere
the beekeeper
procedure;
1998-1999,
hives with suggests at both hives open
that
recommends
will
he the
regulate
discusses
and dating at the open
Parrefio
1997),
beekeepers
but
developed
of
capacity
kneels
ever
be per
from the back
(21.47.80) to
from
harvesting
to force
smoke
in the tomb of Pabesa at Assasif,
BR 5, BR 46 248. Jones, 249. Here
assumes
(//A/T 1.10.24) combs
apiculture the
also
and Tending Columella
there
to the of
end
is no
evi
this convenient
of hive.
250.
Forbes
p. 38, fig.
20.
1964-1972,
vol.
5, p. 84,
fig.
17; Crane
1983,
130 the hive
while
bees
HOUSEHOLD
at
congregate
the
other,
WARE rounded
slightly
end,
presumably
just
outside
their flight hole. the hive may have it would case, provide
Alternatively, In this floor.
been
so that
oriented
an
vertically, of example
early
the
the upright
flight
the
hive,
was
hole
in the of
invention
in the history of apiculture. Several hives of this type which was a significant development have been discovered at Isthmia, where they were in use in the 3rd century; Virginia Ander and
son-Stojanovic on the Isthmia
Ellis
hives
have
Jones
are
an exhaustive
made
are
and
rectangular
usually
just above its floor. On at least two, however,
of
study located
their
in the
The
use.251 lower
the flight hole was located
of
wall
flight holes the vessel,
in the floor (though a
on and Jones that the hives were raised conjecture access and that this arrangement would have helped an weather. The upright orientation offered important
at its center). Anderson-Stojanovic to allow framework the bees supporting
not
to exclude
and inclement predators for the bees would attach
advantage,
their
cover
to the
hives
to bars
(or
placed
across
the
mouth of the hive), and consequently honey could be harvested more easily. in its body, this hive would not have required flight Since the flight hole is incorporated holes in its cover. With the possible exception of 376 (which I believe to be a potter's wheel a cover), no that could have served as a cover for this form of hive has been object over A in the excavations. of course, the have could, beekeeper simply plastered a cover cover. or in a standard of wood could basketry flight hole Alternatively, used.
than
rather identified
redundant have
been
Discussion The
of a large number area urban densely
presence the fairly
be
most
there
have the
been 71 hives,
probably
have
might sitting covers,
and
rings
to be associated
their
uses.
other
suggested such
purposes,
awaiting shop, in the deposit
potter's identified
in what
we
as of something at the Kerameikos nearby that the Ptolemaic soldiers
may found
Those
been
covers
attendant
Athens
ancient
It has
served
in an urban
and
sites inAttica were unlikely
and other apparently military found
of
to other
be put of course, could, as coffins.252 cases serving
Hives
of hives
come
to be engaged
251.
the
One, has
so-called
been
known
for
pp. 19, 32, no. 42, pi. 14:b), but matter Broneer of debate. identified
vessel,
a
from
the Rachi
time
(Broneer long its identification has it as a wine
1958, a
been
vat, but Kardara
itwas a beehive, (1961, pp. 264-265) again argued subsequently this later abandoned at the suggestion of Mr. Pallas. Kardara a on the advice P. Papadopoulou, of specialist interpretation, that the vessel may have been used as in apiculture, suggesting or for the of textiles device (Kardara processing timekeeping and Jones and Papadopoulou 1986). Anderson-Stojanovic this and three more (2002) publish examples largely preserved that and the conclusion of the type, along with many fragments, of the upright these are beehives type is now firmly established.
a
Roman reported Di Vita
other
hives of yet Byzantine on Crete 1983, pp. 110, (Hayes 1993, pp. 446-448, figs. 33, 34). and
designs 132, no.
have
hives
as water
also Hives might storage.253 were Nine of broken. sale, when they came contexts from that are sample
(E 14:1, M 21:1, N 21:4). A plot of all contexts,
with workshops
Orestada
at Koroni
in apiculture;
are distributed around and covers reveals that the hives however, pretty evenly that the lead 357 of the Agora Furthermore, suggests square. clamp mending new. Hives stored not brand have been of course, least was probably away might, were most the but to a country when transfer broken,254 farm, likely they awaiting can One the city walls. to my mind, Athenians is that ancient kept bees within
settlement,
to imagine a surprise. were in
been
177, fig.
14;
the borders that out
hive
at
of use,
conclusion, understand
252. E.g., KerameikoslX, p. 166, nos. 397, 398, pis. 12:5, 70:8 were also used as coffins at Marathon 10. Beehives (Jones 1976, Rhamnous 1992, pp. 5-6, pi. l:p), and on (Petrakos pp. 88-90), 1949, p. 87, no. 25, pi. 30:3). (Brock and Young Siphnos and Sackett 253. Jones, Graham, 1973, p. 402. For hives at see and Stein McCredie, encampments, Vanderpool, military no. 5, no. 46; McCredie 1966, 46, 1962, 38, p. p. pi. 20:f, berg and pp. 62, 70; Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou 1961, p. 335, no.
11, fig. 6. Bonet
254.
Rosado
they conclude of the houses, were
destroyed.
and Mata contexts
the archaeological locations original
of hives that either or
they were
Parreho
(1997, p. 42) discuss and the possible sites in Valencia; on the roofs situated
(within houses) in habitation found the hives
were
in storage
at the
time
the houses
POTTER'S to do
the
incentive
was,
moreover,
a
this valuable
relatively for
item
It is uncertain
the most
sweetener potent Householders commodity.255
expensive own
their
definite
it is
and result
hives
early can evidence place
of
them
these
where
Precisely
War.
were
hives
to be used than
of
introduction
it
supply of
it seems countryside; But it is clear that period.
in the Attic
the Classical
this normally times, with
In earlier
of Attica, invasions however, Spartan and moved dwellers ties, many country hives with discovered them and thereby modest scale.
might
and them, have thought
the last quarter of the 5th century. The date
Athenians into
lost
the
that honey
easy
is sug
was to the practice city access to their hinterland,
a
rural free
to cultivate honey within
perhaps did not feel the need
Athenians
well
themselves with a sufficient
to provide
began earlier
the city until
that the possible the Peloponnesian
to
available
use.
domestic
terracotta
how
they did not occur within gestive, direct
was
honey
to tend a single hive in order
itworthwhile
that no
as
so,
131
EQUIPMENT
the city.With
access
to
the repeated
their
proper country their valuable may brought in town, be produced if only on have
city. They could
a
is an
located
temperature interesting question. Proper was even of terracotta the and in bees,256 (93?F-95?F) propagation recognized, as seems a It therefore ancient insulator.257 that the hives would times, poor relatively unlikely on the roof, where summer have been have been excessive. Pos would temperatures placed as were or in the house in modern embedded wall, Kashmir, sibly they they are, for instance, as with under wooden the tubular in Bali.258 hives eaves, hung happens is crucial
The
extraction
well.259
Columella
as and its by-product, have vessels other wax, would honey required a a of and detailed vessel used for gives precise description clay smoking one or more one a tubu at to with wider end and handles, pot tapering of
a narrow
the hive:
for
lar spout; fire was kindled the
a vessel
Such
spout.260 of one
trace
should
at the Agora,
scenes
Harvesting containers?in
in Egyptian
Extraction a
to
easy
and
Agora
hood
lekane
Athens, the wax involved
cauldron,
the houses
of pottery.
and
structures
255. A tarch see
can
that
be
identified
Vickery
for, by providing a wide variety of sweets with
256. Crane
for
olive
artificial and
oil and
fancy
direct
as workrooms,
it made sweetening, dishes. Honey ranks
vinegar."
p. 16. authors condemn
this reason
that hives
be
clay as the worst material (see n. 240 above), although they also with insulation plastered clay for extra
Rust. 9.7A). (Columella, 258. Crane 1983, pp.
fig.
34
(Kashmir),
pp.
to find
able
other
in bowls, could
any
contrivance.
then in sealed served
have
in water,262
combs
it were
evidence
fig.
69-70,
times
has
these
and would
come
68 259.
discuss
Rosado
the
identification
archaeological and kalathos,
record, a funnel
neighbor
been
the
examined
in the form of kilns or
to light
(Bali). Bonet
larger
associated with
recently
of workshops, not
has
in the
situated
an area intimately
in earlier
in the neighborhoods
and Mata
Parreno (1997, pp. 43-45) of beekeeping in the equipment an iron knife, a decorated to pointing as candidates. possible
.. vas 260. ita ut .idque ansatumsimileangustaeollaefigurantur, altera pars sit acutior, perquam modico foramine fumus emanet: altera latior, et ore paulo latiore, per quam possit afflari (Rust. 9.15.5). vessel from Boscoreale 261. A bronze may fit this description (Pernice 1900, p. 195, fig. 24, upper left). 262. calls
49-50,
bin
storage
been
some
used
emptied like 600.
surrounded
1983,
257. Ancient
suggest
that
the
importance tion of sugar, possible in importance
the
the Kerameikos,
for a kotyle is quoted by Plu of honey in antiquity, importance to exaggerate be difficult the 1936, p. 69: "It would of the use of honey in cookery before the introduc On
not
to the hive through
EQUIPMENT
for potteries
Although
the
and
something
of 5 drachmas
price
(Mor. 470f).
for hives
shops
called
Evidence
by John Papadopoulos.263
may
heating
perhaps
that ancient Athenians
manufacture
have
tombs show honey first being placed
POTTER'S The
I have
but
identify,261
beekeepers
the
of
large
be
and Athenian
Hellenistic
purposes. have required
in the body of the pot and smoke directed
Columella, for a bronze
263.
Rust. vessel,
Papadopoulos
9.16.1; but Pliny 2003.
Plin.
/W21.49.83.
specifies
a ceramic
Columella one.
and
as of terracotta
(as well
lamps
amounts
substantial Agora, molds This includes
the Hellenistic surrounding recovered. craft have been bowls
WARE
HOUSEHOLD
132
to the potter's moldmade of Hellenistic
of material
related
the manufacture
for
kiln
figurines),
and
furniture,
of
examples
the warped
the normal debris of the potting trade.264 It is possible, and misfired vessels that constituted of course, that this debris was brought in as fill from beyond the immediate area. Much of it has been found in the building fill of the Middle Stoa, a huge project for which fill must been
have
a
from
sought
sources.
of
variety
smaller
Some
however,
deposits,
Both
example. with potting: and a stamp bowls,
compelling associated made
the
fills of
the middle
and
lower
the
the most
contained
cistern
more
provide
direct evidence of Hellenistic potting in the vicinity of the Agora. The Satyr Cistern (N 21:4), located to the south of the Agora square, provides
material
two molds for mold ring, ring in the lower fill; another stacking in the middle fill.265 In addition, of such molds for the manufacture
a
the lower fill contained multiple examples of black-gloss bowls with identical stamps, clearly the products of a single workshop.266 The molds and most of the bowls in the middle fill also come
a
from
The
of Bion.267
the Workshop
manufacturer,
single
of
majority
the bowls
and
molds found in another cistern nearby (M 21:1) come from that shop as well, a strong hint that the shop was located not far away. The middle fill of N 21:4 probably originally filled the cistern to the top (a small upper fill was introduced later, probably after the middle fill had and one subsided), The in the ground. not, then, a convenient source
however,
fill,
the purpose for debris place
dumping
to have
likely
that
deposits
it was
that
argue
for
introduced
is not
Other
could lower
in the industrial area south of the Kolonos and
Areopagus, 3rd and
early
The
following
2nd
century.269 offer objects
Wheel
from
Way;
out
pottery
of the
concentric cut
For molds
264. XXII
and
by
three
that
IV, passim. Agora fill have been building
between flat now
notches;
and
wasters
top, but completely no trace
in the
14:1,
slopes of the of
the
later
neighborhoods
PL
is equipped away. The
its underside chipped of a notch
see Agora lamps, the Middle from
49
268. pp.
For
18-22,
the fig.
in the
three
four extant
substantial are ridges outer ring,
p. 76. pp.
27,
stratigraphy
105. of
the cistern,
see Rotroff
1994c,
1.
rich 269. Deposits are C 20:2 (the Koukla also worked coroplasts worked
with
in the broken
survives
266. Agora XXIX, 267. Agora XXII,
inventoried
p. 93, (Agora XXII, rings: MC 579, MC 577 Stacking P 15068, P 15157 nos. 414, 415, pi. 72). Molds: (Agora XXII, pp. 49, 82, nos. 43, 312, pis. 7, 58). Stamp: MC 578 (AgoraXXII, p. 93, no. 412, pi. 72). 265.
material
worked
potters
E
in cistern
contained
which
3rd-century
150 and the
21062, (P 21059-P B has been from Group P 24039), and another published Wast 1934, p. 343, no. B 40, figs. 23,122). (P 4070: Thompson Cistern the Komos and ers from the Satyr Cistern (N 21:4) collection into the Agora entered (M 21:1) have been Sample 775, AS 1044). See also 192, 483-486. (AS 773-AS Stoa
a
corner of the Agora
material
59,
Fig.
dating
bowls Some
are
__^^_^^^^^^^^^^_^^^^1
aligned
of moldmade
provided In that case, its
Agora.
has a plain, 1st century, one the outer ridges,
through
hole It was
cistern
the
the way.
workshops
1 inventoried example end
of
a dangerous chamber.268
and P 21:4, on the north
(N 21:4),
evidence
further
(376)
376, found with material
the
rather
but
3rd-century
Agoraios;
the Satyr Cistern
far from
the Hellenistic
surrounding
Potter's
not
of
the road that led from the northwest
to the Panathenaic
parallel
only the cistern, to be gotten
material
abundant
fill in cistern E 3:1, situated along to the Kerameikos,
that had
half
lower
far distant.
been
contain
the
occupies of filling
to fill
elsewhere
from
brought
same
large concentrations with large concentrations the contrary.
of figurines for the production in molds Factory fill), C 18:3, and F 17:4. Although that they with clay, there is no evidence as potters. fact that The establishments do not occur molds of figurine together of potter's
debris,
in fact,
argues
to
POTTER'S
at first suggested with
area
out.
ruled
completely
Comb
on
marks
the
of
tops
the
as a hive cover, and its diameter
should be identified
ridges
(41 cm)
The
wooden
way.272 axle would
a stone
socket
probably
made
innermost have
set
into
of
been
ground. to which
of wood, are
this
often
the underside
The
lower wheelhead
it was
secured with
of
376
the
axle
would
have
have
rested
raw
by
clay.273 The the purpose would
in of
in a
into which rotated on
within
a
support, of Minoan
undersides
is to increase
of which to increase
be
no
functioned
a socket
forms
itself would
incisions, the ridges
of
purpose
of
end
The
marked
The
attachment.
and they probably
potter's wheels,
on
ridge fitted.
the
like ours,
wheelheads, the bond
The interpretation. add considerably they
and
is similar to that of Minoan
these objects same
an
such
in that
purpose if it were
the
be
that the object
serve would however, ridges of its underside, an to the of the inconvenience case, weight object, as a hive to function cover.270 A similar, somewhat found though larger, object as a at Elis has been of the gymnasium identified wheel.271 The potter's design
is consistent
the
cannot
its presence
although
133
EQUIPMENT
the weight
of
the wheel; the outer (and now missing) ridge is essential for the flywheel effect, which kept the wheel running smoothly and evenly.274 The cistern inwhich 376 was found (E 15:3) is part of the same water system to which cistern E 14:1 belonged, and they probably both served same
the on
establishment.
perhaps
Kiln
Furniture
has
between
from
the Hellenistic
pottery were
Other
port disks
served
objects hole
made at
Agora,
over
spread
(379-382), tooled
cm
5.0
and
with
potting.
the area
purpose.
which, amphoras, is much finer, however,
are
them, and
they
are
271.
1994, pp. 167-168, Leon-Mitsopoulou pl. 105: Diam. six ridges on the underside. For other Helle cm, with nistic wheelheads, see Levi 1963, of somewhat different design, Diam. 53.5 cm, with only pp. 503-504, fig. 200, from Phaistos, ca. 60
one
nos. 561-569, 1992, pp. 198-199, ridge; Massa from Lemnos, Diam. 29.6-80.9 cm, with no ridges
studied
of Bronze
nos. 152-158, pp. 36-39, type 3C. For later Greek pp. 38-54. 273. For a suggested
pierced smaller
pis. 83,129, and a slight
by Xanthoudides by Evely Age wheels
(1988). of this
and (1927) For another
subse
good see Keos VI, type, similar to Evely's pis. 10,19. 376 ismost see Rieth and Roman wheels, potter's
1960,
reconstruction
of a Minoan
potter's
of seven
of workshop a
from
reported
ridge.
examples
debris.275 Contexts of Hellenistic
deposit
Hill
in Athens;
and 53
on Lemnos.276 four
small,
low
disks
on all surfaces, and with a carefully for trans stoppers The finish of our
resemble They at the center.277 6.5-9.0
(Diam.
than
cm)
published
see
1988, p. 109, fig. 10. Evely 1988, p. 86, n. 14, and p. 126. Evely 275. See Papadopoulos col 1992, p. 215, n. 44, fig. 7, who lected rings from the Agora. Most come from earlier contexts, are from but some a Hellenistic with deposits component
wheel,
274.
(MC 201, MC 858, MC 973; from D 15:3 and the building fills of the Middle MC N
Stoa
and
577
(AgoraXXll, from 21:4, waste Charitonides
Stoa
of Attalos).
p. 93, nos. the Workshop
414,
To 415,
these
pl. 72),
add MC from
579,
deposit
of Bion.
p. 179, nos. A. 279, A. 280, A. 353 nos. 571 356, figs. 4:v, 5:a, pl. 47:r,; Massa 1992, pp. 200-202, See also Edwards nos. 121, 587, pis. 84,123. (1956, pp. 88-89,108, use of such the possible illustrates 122, figs. 3, 5, pl. 50), who of moldmade bowls. rings for the stacking 276.
in detail
high.
JTL
consists of a thick ring,
workshop Hephaistia, The includes inventory
a little
The weight of 376, as preserved, is 5.1 kg (originally, the outer it would have weighed This more). ring intact, is about twice the weight of a standard hive cover.
272.
workshop;
to
I know
at
a broad by sometimes
surrounded
center, like
sinking. First collected
building
49
used
rings,
the Pnyx and Philopappos
of a potter's
a similar
Six are
of fine, hard fabric and well finished
the
cm
to 2.5
1.5
two of them from a deposit
270.
quently collection
stacking
(e.g., 377, 378). This device
in diameter
with
central
of
examples
on the saddle between
excavated
found
several
a connection
confirm
elsewhere
subsequent a potter's
PL
59,
Fig.
unearthed
3.5 and
by from
376.
in the kiln during firing
separate pottery
destroyed of material
amount
^-L*
examples
excavation
were
structure
that
(377-385)
11 inventoried
usually
of
a substantial
site, but E 14:1 contained some of it was made on
the
The
traces
All
277. E.g., Koehler 1994a, pl. 20; Rotroff
1981,
1986, p.
p. 55, figs. 19.
143, fig.
3, 4; Lancel
1987,
p. 115,
134
HOUSEHOLD
WARE
amphora stoppers. Three (379-381) were found together in a deposit that consists largely of the debris from a potter's shop (M 21:1), and bits of clay adhere to the surface of the other (382). These two observations suggest that these objects, like 377 and 378, served as kiln furniture. Two other devices (383 and 384) are smaller, with wider central openings that lack the broad surrounding ridge. The former was also found inM 21:1, which suggests that these,
too,
are
that
kiln flares
cylinder it may have
served
found with
it.
and supports. Larger out toward the bottom. the
same
purpose
in form different is 385, a rather high to its surface, of clay adhere that suggesting no other waste was lower rings, though potters'
somewhat
as the
Bits
5
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
SMALL SHAPES, MOSTLY OF BLISTER WARE ware
Blister
its name
takes
evident, The uniformity.
and
there
core
is usually
quite
occasional
small
with
pieces
Homer
inclusions.
red
laminar first
Thompson
across
fragments
Zelia Pease
that
appear
on
its surface,
is considerable a
light
in color.
variation
ash gray,
the
Hellenistic
made
of
even
but
breaks,
this fabric
in this
to it and
attention on
excavations
during
that was Subsequent
and it is further
the Pnyx
state gave and
several complete
published
are
fragile ware blister
and
is readily
it its name, at
having the Soon Agora.1
examples
into
recognizable. come
repeatedly
thereafter,
Mary
from a Classical well at Corinth.
of blister ware at Corinth
both by the concentration
supported
it particularly
Thus far, several part of its repertoire. two varieties duck askos, of lamp, jug,
The first five of this list are certainly 1. Thompson 1934, pp. 470-471. 2. Pease 1937, p. 259; Agora TV, pp. 91-94. 3. E.g., Corinth XIII, p. 137; Pemberton 1970, Corinth XVIII. 1, p. 55; McPhee 2000, p. 472. 4. On
this similarity, which has been tail, see Koehler 1978a, p. 231; Koehler The chemical 1995, pp. 283, 305-307. similar
1995, (Whitbread 5. CorinthVll.S,
to that of other p. 301; Jones p. 145. Note
identical
fabric
oil containers.
300-301; in some
investigated 1981, p. 452; Whitbread
de
found
is found with p. 144, n. 3). The ware but whether the published pieces
tiles
(Abadie and Spyropou imitate only the shapes, miniature of a hydriai at Nemea
some
(Corinth VII.3, at Nemea, frequency
are Corinthian
of city
warns
the 5th
cen
in 146.6 The
local manufacture
imports
(often called an oinochoe)
23:a,
I do
not
know
treatment
of
1979, pp. (Miller 14:e; Miller 1984, for
the most
is 80, p.
92, 181,
complete
the ware.
... to Farnsworth "blister ware (1964, p. 225), a a all practical has purposes, negligible porosity," qual A transport (for the ity it shares with Corinthian amphoras see Vandiver of which, and Koehler 1986, pp. impermeability There is about how this quality was 204-205). disagreement see Vandiver achieved: and Koehler 1986, p. 211; Whitbread 7. According
of blister and
The jug
33:d; Miller 1982, p. 33, pi. 1988, p. 15, pi. 22:c). pi. 38:e; Miller 6. See Corinth VII.3, 144-150, pp.
1986, p. 182, fig. 3.20b). a series of imitations of blister
in tombs at Eua jugs and aryballoi los 1985, passim); these may, however, not the fabric. Edwards also mentions
however,
have been identified: shapes aryballos, unguentarium, filter jug, mug, neck and Falaieff krater.8 cup, amphora,
of
pp.
and by the
suitable for oil vessels, which make up a large
pis.
composition Corinthian pottery
ware
but not
slipped,
on the basis of the occurrence of the ware on the origin frequent at in reiterated Richard his of Howland discussion blister-ware by lamps as established,3 have accepted Corinthian publications provenience
low porosity of the fabric7 makes
similar
show
to shatter
tend
to that of Corinthian of the fabric Edwards, transport similarity amphoras.4 as well.5 centers that there may have been other production at Corinth to be manufactured Vessels of blister ware in the middle began and have continued there until the of the destruction may tury, production
is also
by
a Corinthian
suggested site, a notion
ware
vessels
is apparently
which
surface,
formed
date the blisters are
the fabric. In vessels of Classical
Vessels
called
[Philippides]
She
the Agora.2
blisters
(usually 5YR 6/6 or 7/6). The fabric isfine, except for the lime temper
pinkish or light orange and
the distinctive
of lime inclusions within
the eruption usually more
from
or
for
1995,
pp. 8. The
342-343.
are the subject of a recent I have also seen, in the storerooms (2000). moldmade vessel in the form blister-ware kraters
study by Ian McPhee a at Corinth, large of a frog (C-52-10).
136 in
similar
very
to the
shape
that it, too, was intended not
shape,
amphora, a wide-mouthed both
shapes,
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
aryballos,
though
for oil.9 The function
handmade:
Aryballos
and
aryballos
occurs
at the Agora
Sometimes Ca.
Date:
vertical
sample)
in earlier examples;
or
grooves
\f J ^^^
body.
450-175?
ca. 180); no. 231, pp. 198-199, Vogeikoff-Brogan pl. 51 (P 31806, before nos. 20 1932, 7, fig. 1 (Ayia Para 2000, p. 316, 57,58, (Athens, Sullan); p. Threpsiades fig. nos. skevi [Attica]); CorinthXW, 1948, p. 233, no. E 11, 33, 34, pl. 49; Weinberg p. 134, nos. CorinthXVIII. 94,164-165, 1, pp. 53-54, 97, 475-478, fig. 17, pis. pl. 85 (Corinth); no. 39 Zervos Williams and 1982, p. 123, 20, pl. 13, 48; (Corinth); Anderson-Stojanovic p. 281, nos.
1993,
43, 44, fig. 9, pl. 61 (Isthmia); 265; Miller p. 48, nos. A 263-A
pl. 5; Asm*II.6.2, common
most
in blister
shape
at the Hellenistic
ware,
is the squat aryballos.12 The earliest
periods,
grooved
on
fingerprints
fffj
U^^
or convex
Agora XXVII,
Comparanda:
The
in two
31, Fig. 60, PL 49
flaring rim; handle to rim. ( _j
tapering neck; widely to exterior, from shoulder cm. Size: H. 6.7-6.9
mug, cup, to a new
jug.11
(17 in deposit
short,
suggest
contexts
in Classical
Chart
examples
rim
wide
of the filter jug is debated,10 but its shape is
Shape: Flat bottom; broad, squat body, handmade
Decoration:
and
all but the duck askos, above, at the contexts in addition Agora,
(386-391)
15 inventoried
neck
listed
ware
The
(395).
jar
its narrow
larger;
for an oil jug. Of the shapes occur in Hellenistic and krater
inappropriate
neck
VESSELS
are handmade, The use of
component, are wheelmade.
late-4th-century loi and others)
included the
while
Kenchreai 1988,
(386-388),
rest of must
the wheel
as at other
Agora
here
p.
IV, p. 22, nos. Gr 51a and b, 15, pl. 22:c (Nemea). sites
begun
in other
from deposits with a
the blister-ware
have
and
before
vessels the
(arybal early 3rd
vessel (392) comes from O-R 7-10, a building fill century, for a fragment of a wheelmade closed shortly after the end of the 4th century. Earlier aryballoi were decorated with vertical into thin incised grooving by the later 4th century; an example of this ribs, which developed motif is provided by 386. The latest examples are plain or decorated with rows of indentations late feature is formed by the potter pressing his finger into the clay (e.g., 387, 388). Another a a narrow handle.13 of a double the impression the handle, incision, strap with giving deep to about that the down followed the shape Edwards however, 300, open possibility, leaving has pointed Pemberton for another may have continued century.14 More recently, production On the basis the for to contextual of Edwards's for the lowering evidence shape.15 chronology of
fragments lenistic Corinth,
in Hellenistic
all but
disappear. have Twenty-five or a bit 300-180
p. with
vessels
pouring 10. For see
144),
of
the
thereafter
they
at about time. the same record the deposit lamps drop a of date of ca. at the their contexts been inventoried range suggest Agora; in this ware was also abandoned of other vessels later.16 Perhaps production out
that
the
larger
butPemberton
jugs
were
which
she explicitly
interpretations
that have
oinochoai,
used
(CorinthXVIII.
for oil
1, p. identifies
15) as
for drink.
the various
to be in Hel continued produced aryballoi occur In Athens, 2nd century. only aryballoi
of the 3rd and early 2nd centuries;
in deposits
Blister-ware
believes
9. Edwards
she believes
to the middle
possibly
and as fragments
sporadically
(CorinthVll.3, them classes
strata,
p. 181. Agora XXIX, 11. Agora XII, pp. 207-208. from earlier 12. For examples
been
offered,
of
nos. 1679,1680, pi. 77). (AgoraXII, p. 354, and Zervos 1982, p. 123, no. 20, pi. 39; Corinth VII.3, p. 150, no. 779, pis. 35, 64 (a cup). 14. Corinth VII.3, p. 147, with n. 15. 15. Cormtf* XVIII. 1, p. 54.
P 17945
and P 11809
13. Cf. Williams
16. Howland
contexts
at
the Agora,
see
for
a list of
pp.
499-500.
28 A and Types from datable those
28 B
(Agora IV, pp. see contexts, Agora
91-94); XXIX,
the destruction
before
somewhat
loi in a Sullan
context
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
of Corinth
in 146. The
137
Shapes
6 inventoried The
in 146,
Late
Hel
they must,
49
PL
60,
Fig.
in other
shape center
examples
the
jug,
(392-395)
the
arybal
unaccompanied
apparently
of but given the absence is surprising; early material, by other of the destruction lenistic and the probable deposits, production as residual. be uncomfortably, regarded
Other
two blister-ware
of
presence
on the South Slope of the Acropolis,17
most
second
in blister
shape
popular wheelmade
occurs
ware,
in Hellenistic
comes
from
deposits of this
a vessel
as
only
The 392 probably fragment shape;18 fragments. a duck askos, but those, it seems, were is the only other handmade, though descrip possibility on this is that exhibits This the Hellenistic tions are not always piece explicit point.19 only was a late inno in The unusual incised decoration earlier the darker known pieces.20 firing a tubular on askoi filter jug 393, with and a and jugs. The documented vation, spout only small
in the neck, standard gray
sieve of has
two
inventoried
of a similar vessel (394), piece in the catalogue of place but here, con it is without recorded Unfortunately, A
fragments. is admittedly
included
but
jar 395 is unique; with
mouthed the most
of
of
fabric, unguentarium as a suggestive comparandum. a the quality of the fabric suggests 3rd-century
been
text,
is one
ambitious
shapes
date.
rim, elaborate
its delicate
ever
small
out
For
aware,
the wide
and flaring foot, it is one
handle,
in the ware.
attempted
far as I am
As
made
unguentaria
of blister
see below, p. 145 (399, 400).
ware,
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
on Hellenistic as the fusiform to be known is found that has come unguentarium shape to the The first part of the name refers all around the Mediterranean.21 form, developed a a tall, solid stem, and thin neck with (see resembling bulging body, spindle, long, Catego a vessel would Such useful for a great ries 4-6, below). have been of contents, such variety or other as condiments.22 The considerable of the incense, mastic, honey, uniformity shape, occurs a and in it the numbers which it contained however, suggest normally large single was used in small that but and is it that that amounts, commodity generally agreed frequently,
The
sites
was
commodity
17. Vogeikoff-Brogan 18. The only other 3rd-century however,
deposit in deposits
perfumed
oil.23 A
look
at
the Hellenistic
p. 316, nos. 57, 58, fig. 20. of this shape is P 17086, from a fragment occur, (L-M 19:1). Well-preserved examples at of the second half of the 3rd century 2000,
Nemea
1979, pp. 80, 92, pis. 23:a, 33:d). For Classical (Miller see P 20557, P 6529, P 4119, P 877 at the Agora, (Agora nos. XII, pp. 353-354, 1674-1677, pi. 77). nos. 19. See Corinth VII.3, 148-149, 776, 777, pi. 64 pp. instances
pp. 55, 94-95,109, pi. 13; Ander 278-279, 290, nos. 32, 97, pi. 60. for a dark surface in the 5th and 4th
CorinthXVIII.l,
(handmade);
1993,
pp. son-Stojanovic 20. On the preference see Corinth VII.?>, centuries, 21. For other
sites,
discussion see
of development rich bibliography);
p. 145. of unguentaria
Anderson-Stojanovic and function, both
ceramic
23-27; 65, 73-74, 79; Tarsusl, pp. 60-61, SwCyprusExpW3, 131-139 45;Kahane (Israel); pp. 171-172; Hamalll.2,p. 1952,pp. Tel Anafa II. 1, 58-68; DuraW.l.S, 1998, pp. 686 pp. 8-9; Carter 687 (Metapontum); I, pp. 40-41, 146, 268, 396-397. Ampurias pp.
22. Labraundall.l, 23. Thompson 171; Tel Anafa
p. found
to contain
some
know,
have
(an exhaustive at Stobi and generally,
study with
vessels
of
Athens
1987
containing and Palos
p. 24; Stobi I, p. 81. 1952, p. 473; Kahane
1934,
II. 1, p. 58. One a coin (Astrom
preserved the bulbous
any
liquid
fusiform 1967) contents.
1964; Barag 1972; Basch pp. 84-85. A pink powder, apparently as a cosmetic, has also been reported
73
p. 293, with
Bruneau
1970a,
p. 518
(Argos);
Eretriall,
p. 28; Kabir
p. 131; Tarsusl, was unguentarium so far as I but none,
A few Roman glass found shape have been olive oil: Jaky, Peredi, et al. 1985, 1972; Greenewalt
unguentarium the remnants of oil?probably
Alt 1934, pp. 472-474 (Athens); Thompson Corinth VII.3, pp. 98-99; Pemberton 1985, pp. 88-89; Aginall.l, and Fossey 72 1980, pp. 29-30, (Corinth); pp. 284-286 Hagg (Asine);
this
ion III, pp. 92-94; Drougou and Touratsoglou 1980, pp. 123-129 Stobi Bruneau I, 80-84; 1970b, p. 254 (Veroia); (Delos); pp. Tsakos 7%*raII, pp. 283-284; 1982, pp. 409-413 (Samos); Ephesos IX:2:2, pp. 146-149; EphesosXlll.V.l, Labraundall.l, pp. 99-100;
and
from
supports
assemblage
references
to other
iron oxide,
perhaps
(Carrington-Smith
instances).
used 1982,
138
VESSELS
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
at least at Athens, there are few other small shapes that could have served where supposition, seems as oil containers.24 to of the inherit the the Furthermore, clearly place unguentarium as to it inherited its function in grave and it is reasonable surmise that lekythos deposits,25 This
well.
that itwas never put however, of the unguentarium how possibilities name ritual.26 The ancient of graveside
has
investigated in the context are
&A,dPaoTpov some
possibilities.27
range of date almost exactly coincides
The
to any other use; Anderson-Stojanovic have functioned, might particularly and is unknown; ?it|k{)0iov, Xf|ia)0o<;,
not mean,
does
the limits of the Hellenistic
with
period, with
of standard, Hellenistic been type have are most in Crete, intrusions but likely they were An date has also been found.28 the earlier with which grave among gifts they early coast short-shouldered found the Levantine claimed for a series of unguentaria (the along in Athens the earliest form of the ,29 These resemble closely shape represented unguentarium) dribbles and with vertical sometimes with sometimes handles, banded, vestigial (e.g., 400): as on or but the shoulder. have generally been leaf motifs They regarded imports, possibly a date an local manufacture.30 of from Tel Michal of suggests Although example analysis
unearthed
A
few unguentaria on Rhodes and
interesting exceptions. contexts in earlier
the mid-5th contexts
to 4th century has been not
does
offer
strong
taking nean,
place
at
time
that
for placing
support
the 4th century,31 and they probably all around
to the type, examination
assigned
the bottles
eastern
the
latter
In the western
Mediterranean.
part
of
of the shape that was
in the development
participate the
of the published
than
earlier
Mediterra
seems at a much to be solid evidence of the shape for the existence there however, some of them with date. bands, bottles, Round, squat, painted amphora-shaped on the northeast coast of at in graves in considerable numbers have been found Ampurias, a few have been dat Iberian cemeteries. found with and in other Only independently Spain, as the 5th a date at least as to escape for some of it is hard able material, but century early earlier
in any numbers only small oil shape that is produced is the the Early Hellenistic guttus (Agora XXIX, period itself not very common. pp. 173-174), in in the graves illustrated well 25. Especially published Kerameikos IX (see p. 19). 24. The
after
See Reger 26. Anderson-Stojanovic 2005, 1987, pp. 118-122. He points of function. for an extended discussion pp. 269-272, as commercial out the unsuitability of unguentaria containers, filled that they served as dispensers, and concludes immediately was to be used. the perfume before
Jacopi 1931, mixed
unguentarium a late-6th-century no. 3, fig. 427. The
1931, p. 377, p. 65, no. 8, fig.
41)
is a chamber
was
of Kamiros. found
An
in a cham
black-figure amphora: instance other (Jacopi tomb
with
pottery
of
a black-figure and a 4th-century including amphora to be of the gray type typi the unguentarium appears were It seems Attica. cal in 3rd-century likely that both graves to argue this in the case of a grave at difficult It ismore reused. date,
saltcellar;
on Crete 1901, cols. 376-382, Phalasarna, (de Sanctis fig. 66:k), a red from the drawing, interment, including single clearly, Even the 4th not middle of than later the so, century. figure to date near the unlikely that it is it seems and series, inescapable five with A tomb group a later addition to the assemblage. but at Delphi cited as an early context, has been unguentaria looks like a type it also includes what along with earlier pottery in the 3rd century dates comfortably 29 lamp, which (FdDV.l, see p. 165, no. 310, p. 166, nos. 345-349, fig. 698; for the lamp, the unguentarium of the beginning
fig. 684).
The
is slender
unguentarium
and
in a grave
29. Stern
on Chalchi
(Jacopi
1932,
1982,
30. Singer-Avitz 31. Singer-Avitz one Michal), a stone-lined
125,
1989,
p.
type A 122.
1.
12, pl. 60:2 (Tel the other from
1989, p. 122, fig. 9.2:11, stratum V (3rd century),
from
of
suggesting Guz-Zilberstein 6.24
p.
IX dated the pit also 450-430; pit in stratum two radish jars precisely by jars of the first paralleled at the Agora the 3rd century below), (see pp. 162-163 later than the 5th century. of material the presence
contains half
27. Labraundall.l, pp. 24-25. are two instances in the cemeteries 28. There early (amphora-shaped) ber tomb along with
a kantharos 146, no. 13927, fig. 27) is also accompanied by ca. 275, no. 13922) earlier with 146, pottery. dating along (p. of early instances, discussion See also n. 32 below. For further see p. 58, n. 141. TelAnafall.l,
p.
1995,
p. 306,
(Dor, Early Hellenistic):
1, fig. 6.26:2-6, type UG also refers Guz-Zilberstein
photo to Per
at the site, but they are in fact juglets amphoriskoi sian-period Persian Stern publishes (Stern 1995a, pp. 65-66, fig. 2.11:5-6); at Dor, but they are of a different type amphoriskoi period Avissar 1987, p. 19, fig. 5:11, (Stern 1995a, p. 66, fig. 2.12:1-2). found The 4:5 (Tell Qiri, unstratified). single example photo comes from at Tel Mevorakh 39, 1978, 9.22) (Stern p. fig. 4th century; (mid-5th only a grid ref through so need not date earlier is given), locus number, is illustrated from Gezer later 4th century. A bottle
stratum
VI-TV
erence,
no
than
the
Hellenistic
among Examples
are found
II.1, (Tel Anafa No information from
(Macalister pottery in early-3rd-century
Lachish, Iron Age (Lachish III, p. 323, and references discussion general 1982,
p.
pl. CLXXIX:21). at Tel Anafa contexts
short shouldered pp. 61-62, unguentarium). context for the two examples is given about to are published devoted in the volume which
the
Stern
1912,
125
(type A
form
673, pl. to additional
1); TelAnafall.l,
pp.
103:673). examples, 61, 62.
For
a
see
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
139
continued there with little change for well over a century, shape a to the later 4th century, it was replaced Iberian down when The by variety. spindle-shaped as a as to the it later in the stand, then, unguentaria puzzling precedent shape developed East. My own is that the link between the two may be the Phoenicians. suspicion a in life and in death?is The double role of the unguentarium?both illustrated nicely by them.32
If this
series and
is correct,
of Late
Hellenistic
the
above
the
from Asia
gravestones the deceased?in
of
Minor.33
all cases
image in life: mirror, boxes and cistai, wool and comb, basket, rest in a support, bottles how these explaining awkwardly
on the dressing
modated
on
Carved
a woman?a
unguentaria. tall and
use of perfume
table. The widespread
these memorials,
shelf
behind she used
displays objects In two cases, thin
pairs of accom
were
vessels
in life is illustrated by the
at the Agora with ordinary
of unguentaria inventoried from excavations, (over 300) large number mostly were cisterns and wells, found where domestic indeed, they together pottery; the comic Athenian fondness for the commodity 15.685b, (Athenaios poets lampooned were a fact to which on 69 Id). Unguentaria also a part of funerary their appearance ritual, are abundant the gravestones mentioned above may in Hellenistic refer; they graves,34 prob was used was thus a suitable in because rites and grave gift. Although ably perfume funerary are no graves area there of the Hellenistic the excavated within in and around the period at
Agora,
least
20 unguentaria
(G 5:3), which mortuary also been
offerings, found
a
like
west
of
that was
pyres,
deposits
(507) was buried with
in the
found
so-called
Bone
Well
also
found
that
have
there.35 a
have
Unguentaria
funerary
the remains of a (pet?) dog
and
character,36
in the industrial
the Agora.
a
was
were
459-463)
feeder
black-gloss in Hellenistic ritual
a single unguentarium district
441,
(e.g.,
served as the final resting place of some 450 infants, and these may have been
a series of individual at Athens, clus probably shops a tered traditional and picking icukA,0(;, and spot for loitering up the latest come to corner for such has Evidence outside the southeast of the gossip.37 shops light just of at least 10 imitation that were used, square. Agora Fragments large, Cypriot amphoras There
thriving area, or
in one
market
perfume
as I argue below, for the import of perfume east
just
of
the Panathenaic
area
in the
Way,
from Corinth were later
occupied
found
in cistern Q
the Library
by
13-14:1,
of Pantainos.38
The material in this deposit dates to the second quarter of the 4th century. Cistern R 13:9, located slightly further east, and filled around 265, contained fragments of at least six similar of a somewhat amphoras occurs not concentration seven
domed-mouth
south
and
32. The rias I, pp.
across
later
of gray unguentarium fabric.39 Another, similar type, made far away, this time of unguentaria from Cyprus: perhaps imported were a in found the of well little further upper part unguentaria Q 15:2,
the Panathenaic
earliest
context
164-166), it would
with
Way
is Bonjoan inhumation an Attic even lekythos;
from
23 (Ampu if this is an
be hard to lower the date beyond the 5th are: Marti somewhat later instances inhumation century. Other, 73 (Ampurias with a 5th-century I, pp. 79-80), glass alabastron is come and could (the glass vessel fragmentary conceivably from another cremation 17 (Ampurias burial); Marti I, p. 40),
heirloom,
a local imitation to the early 4th of an Attic kylix, dated there is some flexibility in that date; century, though perhaps and Marti inhumation 108 (Ampuriasl, p. 99), with a coin dated to the turn of the 5th to the 4th century. For further discussion
with
of the chronology Iberian peninsula, Diaz makes but maintains for
and a summary see Cuandrado
revisions
of other Diaz
dated 1977-1978.
contexts
on
the
Cuandrado
to the in Ampuriasl, chronology published in the latter part of the 5th century
an initial date
the unguentaria. 33. Pfuhl and Mobius
1977,
pp.
131-132,157,
231,
235,
251,
two
the
mentioned
deposits
nos.
384, 149; nos.
507, 892
892, and
909, 909
above.40
and perhaps illustrate the
989,
pis.
63, 80,
supports. all over the Hellenistic
34. Examples may be found see Boulter 1963, pp. 125-126,
Attica,
are
They
132,
136,
world.
For
pl. 46; Schlorb-Vierneisel
1966, pp. 94-110, pp. 59,158-166, pis. 59-61; KerameikoslX, pis. and pp. 184-188, 67-71, pis. 96-98; Kerameikos XTV, passim. 35. P 13498 p. 358, no. 1194, fig. 73, pl. 87). (AgoraXXlX, 36. 411, from C 17:2; 427,430,454, from P 6:6; Parlama and character of 2000, p. 102, no. 82. For the funerary see Agora XII, p. 45; Agora XIV, p. 16; Agora XXIX, and Rotroff 1999. 212-213; Jordan
Stampolidis the pyres, pp.
37. See
testimonia
38. E.g.,
397,398,
pl. 63), cistern,
in Agora III, pp. 202-203. P 8977, P 8978 p. 340, no. 1486, (AgoraXIl, uninventoried contents other For of the plus fragments. see p. 191, n. 25. AgoraXIl,
39. E.g., 401, 40. P 26330-P
402,
plus 26336.
uninventoried
fragments.
140 in what
intrusive 3rd
and
the
individual
have
may
shops
At
The
century.
concentration
heavy
of
north and filled with debris apparently be
traced
Gray
back
as
as the Late
early
type can be dated in the same general found of the products may have but
5th-century deposit, were least eight more closed and the sources
this part of Athens was associated with
though 2nd
a
is primarily
1st century.
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
Unguentarium
the
in the
from the Persian
Archaic
varied,
Stoa
Gutter
sack,42 hints
Charts
13-15,
of three Date:
Ca.
315
See nn.
Comparanda:
sometimes
77-86
to the
Pis. 51-54
30, Figs. 61-65,
(10 large, 226 small) (312 in deposit sample)
on neck, shoulder, purple stripes lilies on bellies of early, large examples. to 1st century
and
White
as
that this activity might
to elongated flat underneath; plump amphora spindle or rim. downturned handles; cylindrical slightly flaring neck; cm (small); est. H. 30.0-35.0 cm Size: H. 2.9-23.3 (large).
Decoration:
Although it looks
somewhat
Well,
foot,
Flaring
late
period.
(401-486)
236 inventoried examples Shape:
the
trade from at least the 4th to the
the perfume
lekythoi
between area.41
shape,
and belly; white
no
usually
on rim. Groups
below.
Fabric of
The
overwhelming majority a gray fabric that we must
ally 10YR 4/1, On
throughout.
5/1-2, a
the unguentaria for Athens typical
call
6/1-2;
5YR 5/3;
number
large
on which (see Chart
of pieces,
is based43 study surface 13).44 The
and in many
7.5YR 5/2)
core
this
however,
is gray
cases the vessel wall earlier
especially
are made
ones,
of (usu
is gray is a red
there
(usually 10R 5/4-8, 6/6-8; 2.5YR 5/6, 6/8). only the surface is gray (this is on many the depth of the especially common on earlier pieces such as 401, 408, 416), but in a reducing phase gray band is greater (e.g., 425). This indicates that firing terminated Sometimes
a gray to amounts aim may have been of time. The for varying produce potters' or are of lead, in imitation of which made of silver, examples of unguentaria known,45 surface, osmon a Peri the of material for 41). (Plin. fflV13.4.19; storage Theophr. perfume preferred in a reducing result of technical Most the color is the considerations; however, firing likely, or may have been to do so. On a few reduced may have pieces porosity, thought atmosphere that
lasted
the normal sometimes they
color scheme with from
differ
a gray core (e.g., the gray examples
gray and partly pink/tan under
gray
is reversed: dull pink or tan (5YR 5/3,
(e.g., 419),
these have been
6/4; 7.5YR 5/2,
included
6/4), Since partly
in the core group presented
unguentaria.
more come from within grid squares O 15 and Q16 more P P four from square O 15 are 22791, 26679); (P 22790, from context (lots T 64, T 73). At least one pottery reported comes more from the east end of the South Stoa, (P 23040) not far away. 41. Three
of the Stoa of under the gutter 42. Deposit Q 12:3, located of Q 12:3, end. For the relative positions at its southern see For the and 25. XII, 15:2, 13-14:1, lekythoi Q fig. Q Agora ca. common in the deposit, most numbering shape (by far the and see Roberts 1986, pp. 36-47, 250), figs. 25-29, pis. 10-12, Attalos
Agora XIV, p. 171, pl. 86:c. were found 180 unguentaria 43. Over 54 come from at the Agora, and another not Street, come from
6/3,
are noted in the Catalogue). instances 450; other some in no other way, and since have fired pieces
associated contexts
with
datable
that cannot
be
in well-dated graves
material; closely
dated.
deposits on Lenormant
the Of
remainder the
inven
77% are of gray fabric. The proportion unguentaria, material for the from context 92% of pottery: higher were of gray fabric. counted fragments
is
toried
even
the
it is equally domi where the type at the Kerameikos, see Kerameikos IX, pis. 67, 68, 96; Kerameikos XIV, pis. 41, Stichel Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, pis. 59,60; 42,47,50,52,53,55; 44. For
nant,
1994, pis. 7-9. p. 42, pl. 4:a; Braun see Thera II, p. 284. For silver un For the suggestion, see Winter and Pernice 11-13; 1899, p. 129, figs. guentaria, Maksimova 1979, p. 84, no. 7, fig. 29; Lazarides, Romiopoulou, was also and Touratsoglu 1992, pp. 26-27, shape pl. 10:ot. The in glass: Hayes manufactured 1975, p. 14, nos. 31, 32, pl. 2; 1990,
45.
1968, Karageorghis fig. 4 (Amphipolis).
p. 290, fig. 65
(Cyprus);
Daux
1958,
p. 769,
FUSIFORM 13. FABRICS
CHART
OF
SMALL
141
UNGUENTARIA
IN THE
UNGUENTARIA
INVENTORY
Other 5%
Domed mouth
3%
)
Gray
92% Notes 1. N
= 237. 2. Includes only certain "Other" 3. The category ware unguentarium.
The
fabric
a P
a
has
a thin
13104).
buff
of the Unguentarium
gray unguentaria to the East for the
rough standard
of
porosity fabric:
(1) Julie
measurements Attic
In an experiment
Unruh,
fragments
typical prototype
were
black-gloss
performed of three
of of
made
and
gray
the
7.9%;
gain for the
breakage, their surface
and
exterior
is often
covered
the gray unguentaria two black fragments,
ranged weight
form
gain
was
3.4%
the place of manufac Most scholars have
intertwined. because
primarily 19.4%.
The
lowest
unguentaria. black (2) Complete with water, which seeps
of
many
gains
(3.4%
and
the
3.5%)
famous were
among
to
15.6%
and
gray
through
unguentaria clay much
were more
tested
quickly intended
were the vessels perfumes lost between 100% of 36% and examples in two days, while lost only their contents early gray pieces ca. 20% in five days. One of the earliest (413) gray pieces than
unguentaria
from
and
the earlier
conservator
gray
shape, and
relative
unguentarium
by Agora early
the
of black (AS 759, AS 769) were gloss fragments was ca. was weighed Each (ambient dry humidity compared. then soaked in water for five days and weighed 30%), again.
Weight
The
the unguentarium are of Athens closely
two
for
without
a more or tex develops gritty grainy more inclusions apparent. Sparkling instances of inclusions very fine. Rare
for
(AS 750, AS 751, AS 753), two later ones (AS 755, AS 756), and
rises to between
this figure
Form and Fabric
the prototype
the
46. Two
are
This sometimes the surface result of wet-smoothing. gives in later be may especially unguentaria (e.g., quite pronounced, was covered the interior with 401-403), pre gloss (e.g., large examples a contents in is often fine crack of There the seepage storage. long-term
concerning
looked
the walls
pieces
the
possibly which
slip,
to retard sumably in the underside.
Questions ture of
fabric
become (always present) are and amounts, they usually are noted in the Catalogue. sparkling
in varying or white
The Origins
the
inclusions
appearance, five On
streaky
In earlier
to transport and easier sturdier a very smooth have texture, pieces
white
present than
assignments. one blister
but in the 2nd and 1st centuries
much
and
includes
low porosity.46
remarkably
2.5 mm,
though has an
with
and
the unguentaria making The earlier less elegant. In the 2nd century sheen. iridescent
2 and
other
hard
thin (1 to 1.5 mm),
extremely
ture, are
is very
fabric
the
to hold.
oil-based
Black
lost only ca. 1 cc further retarded sealer
such
(5.5%)
as wax.
by
in a week.
treating
the
Seepage interior
have been might of the vase with a
perfume-manufacturing source of the gray Levantine dominate are
taken
cal
handle
that
source
of
Gray fabric
of a fine
Homer
Thompson are
unguentaria a smooth with
at
contexts
in northern Khalid Jebel in form from and diverge
imports, but present), such unguentaria
is often
there.
located
of Athens.47
unguentaria but unguentaria
to be
there
the
were
centers
sites,48 in domestic
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
142
their
as the Syria on most
suggested in the minority
and red core gray surface on the They Syria, Euphrates.49 verti the Athenian (a examples to the door the open possibility
leaves presence in the East. be found might
as
Alexandria,
the most
as the ultimate center has also been of the Hellenistic suggested perfume period, some are of from known tombs well of the shape.50 there, including Unguentaria seem not to be made to 300, but in graves the shape, close the earliest of they dating phase so Alexandria are at least this does from of gray fabric.51 however, Athens, early, Examples source was not not have the of the and clear gray any priority, certainly chronological famous source
unguentaria. are
These
side-handled
plump-bodied,
of medium decorated
i closer to home.
do, in fact, exist much
Prototypes
I^BPy
amphoras
in red, on the belly. The
^^
relationship
^B^
proportions of the body, which are identical to those of the earliest unguentaria; by the handles, which
V ?
are recalled in the vestigial handles of some small 3rd-century
unguentaria
416,
(e.g.,
417);
and
northern and
Rhodes,
by
47. Thompson no. 994.
1934,
p. 474;
see
also Myres
1914,
p.
120,
48.
For
on
unguentaria
Levantine
see Hama
sites,
III.2,
1961, pp. 197-198; pp. 59-60; Lapp Strange in Early from Tarsus, found Examples though those at Athens 1, levels, are unlike (Tarsus pp. 171
p. 45; TelAnafall.l, 1975, pp. 59-60. Hellenistic
one
unguentaria is not attested,
are of 2nd-century form, and purple vessels: there may be some earlier
but
with hollow-footed unguentarium and two smaller (fig. 63:4); unguentaria, vertical handle (fig. 64:1, 6). The recurring a different that these vessels gests represent gray unguentaria the description, 50. Kahane 51. From
at Athens, very 1952,
although
a (vertical?) handle of them with a
one
vertical
handle
tradition
the fabric
sug than the
sounds,
from
similar.
p. 138; SwCyprusExpW.3, Adriani the Hadra necropolis:
1940, pp. 81, 117, 5 (with an early-3rd 20, pis. XXVIII:3, XLIX:4, 13, XXIX:15, 17, 19, 23, XXX:27, kantharos), century in 28. Four are mentioned 1952a, p. 26, fig. 21:27, 5; Adriani two of the Chatby of them the publication only necropolis,
figs.
40:19,
23, 53:11,18,
also
been
from
Euboia
and
3).53 Dates
range
from
reported
(see Map
Italy
of
1969, pp. 57-58, p. 268). Corinth: Williams (SwCyprusExpW.2, nos. 9, 10, 1970, p. 5, nos. 5, 6, pi. 1. fig. 8, pi. 18:a-d; Williams Northern Greece: Andreou and Andreou 1997, p. 88, pis. 65: Andronikos ct, 71 (Ambracia); 1969, p. 28, pi. 135:p (Vergina); nos. A 16, and Touratsoglou Themelis 77,131, 1997, pp. 37-38, B
1996, 139, H 3, pis. 45, 147 (Derveni); Lilimpaki-Akamati 1990, p. 25, no. 1, 133, no. 4, pi. 49:a (Pella); Vokotopoulou ArchDelt 48, B'2 (1993 [1998]), p. 333, fig. 7, pi. 16:cc (Aineia); from Olyn See n. 55 below on an example pi. 100:(3 (Thermi). p.
thos. Note p. 74.
/
^^^^=sssssss^^s^^^m J \
1486-1488, (AgoraXII,p.340,nos. pi. 63); it is probably to as these vessels that Gjerstad referred unpublished . . . found in Athens" of local manufacture pottery "Cypriote
P25684
Khalid
/
jjf
and must be illustrated. One is of the domed-mouth variety at the the later material 1912, p. 88, (Breccia among necropolis no. 265, is of an unusual type, with orange fig. 47). The other a convex decoration and lower (Breccia body strongly painted 1912, p. 48, no. 87a, fig. 35). to 396-398, in addition also P 8977, P 23257, 52. Athens:
49. Jackson 2001, pp. 186-188, fig. 4:63, 4:64, pi. 4:5. Fusi in been noted form unguentaria of gray ware have also recently (1981, p. 442). Jackson (2001, p. 186, n. 422) Syria by Kenrick on the comments of the rarity of this type in the region. Most
banding a large,
'^
1|||
lj t
\_^^^^
172).
Jebel
*g*(
\__i__^__i__MB^^ii^^^iB
have but isolated Greece,52 examples as far afield as even in northern Spina,
under
Iff
/
*%v \
f^?
y^
^k
1-^^^V
w
li.
pseudo-Cypriot?occur Corinth, (e.g., 396-398),
amphoras?termed in Athens numbers
in some
^^^
tBI
iff
^
the painted bands, which are reflected in the less complex white and purple banding of 3rd-century 1 and 2, below). f (see Categories unguentaria \^ These
^^gjgjiq
iB^^P"^"!!!*^^
to unguentaria is demonstrated by the shape and
and
/ ?
Vv*i^-| jjg|||||
shoulder, and belly, and with a row of three stylized lilies, usually
f
f__________!i
30 cm in height, bands on neck,
size, usually around with red and black
tains
also a smaller
the floral
decoration:
(Isthmia). 53. Giannikouri, pi. 45
(Rhodes);
version that re (H. 16.3 cm), handleless Broneer 1962, p. 25, no. 22, pi. ll:b
Patsiada, ArchDelt35,
and Philimonos B'2
(1980
[1988]),
1989,
pp. 63-64, p. 543, pi. 343:cc
(Rhodes); ArchDelt 16, B' (1960 [1962]), p. 150, pi. 130:p (Nea Lampsakos
[Euboia]);
Arias
1955,
p. 141, no.
16, fig. 69
(Spina).
) Vv CT Spina
XPella\Thermi ^^
\\
Verginay^NA^Aineia
^~v
;3>5\
^^^
/
X
<^y
Athensf V^
Gray
Blisterware fabric
unguentarium
Map
# ^_ ^y>
of
the 4th
the middle
found
in the lower fill of Q
and
to the
Talcott
second
how
much
V\
made
V,
pp.
the 4th
At
34-35,
32, XXXIII.
It is
pis. in size and
destruction
level,
a context
that would
the earliest
push and Talcott type back over a century. Sparkes some disturbance that there may have been however, suggest, of Olynthus the destruction and that the vessel dates just before n. 26). A second early example (Agora XII, p. 191, supposedly of
instance
was burial
found dated
the
on Thera, the excavators
at Sellada, by
serving to the 5th
as a
cinerary and
century,
urn said
to
gray
fabric
unguentarium
of at
Fragments
was
of
two from
the site
1966, museum
Tomb
(Ergon
1966,
and our
than as the
40 cm high, series, rather the two is displayed
p.
most
pp. 117-118, fig. 140; are on Both display small size (about 30 them
as members One
of of
prototype. larger, Cypriot a black-gloss bowl in its neck, acting as two were date found the vessel must together, with
a stopper. If the in the 4th century, for the bowl (a shallow concave on its floor, has rouletting profile) it after ca. 380.
among pictured to the main door
from
348, though
II,56 which
136, pl. 120:(3). Their (as of 2000). identifies respectively)
Zapheiropoulos in the Thera
comes
(396)
example
in Vergina
found
10 were
least
dated by Sparkes
confirms an initial date before
56. Treasures,
in a
and
Another
century.54
one
least
ware
(see 397, 398), a deposit
from Olynthos
to the decoration. series very close pseudo-Cypriot is light red in the break I have examined it myself; the fabric and a lighter with many white inclusions, (2.5YR 6/6) slip 0.50 m below the sur The piece was found (7.5YR 7/4-8/4). associated with a burned that Robinson debris face, but under Persian
of blister
be one P 52,
* Thera
its last quarter.
through
p. 397. no.
<""
. &
at the Agora of
quarter
is uncertain.55
before
54. AgoraXIl, 55. Olynthus
century
13-14:1
An amphora
D 15:3 (ca. 375-300).
/
f^T^^
amphoras
pseudo-Cypriot
before
^\ S^> \^S^
_-^__/
^^
of
3. Distribution
\
^^/^Eohesos
^
I-1
a<^2.?-7?M
^?^-^1?
\,
Lampsakos
^ Corinth^ V~ I
A y^
\\
^^"^X
^^K J
J^Z^^
^vLNea
/\.
f?^~^<s~^ c/
^ / ^^~1
Fro
cS>^
143
UNGUENTARIA
FUSIFORM
bowl
with
a feature
convex that dates
1984, p. 76, fig. 36, p. 53, no. 119; Andronikos in the antechamber, in front of the the objects chamber,
surrounded
by alabastra.
144
VESSELS
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
likely dates to 318; three were consigned 3rd
vessels,
are
on Rhodes
found
identical
nearly in the Archaic
Cyprus
and
to me
is a bichrome for
Larnaca;60 except and looks exactly
tations,
in the late 4th to early
tombs, dating
in a tomb
a
with
cup-kantharos smaller to, though consistently Classical side-handled periods:59
on neck, shoulder, and belly, and a lilymotif
banding known
was
on
manufactured
near
one
in turn,
and
centuries,57
These
to the Derveni
ca. 300.58
of than,
amphoras with amphoras
on the belly. The closest Cypriot parallel
at V amphora from an Archaic and Classical cemetery Tourapi, to the imi its greater size (H. 47 cm) and the fabric, it is identical in a like them the close however, Despite similarity, photograph.
the smaller series is unlikely to be Cypriot. Cypriot pottery inspired imitations throughout between antiquity, and scholars have frequently commented on the difficulty of distinguishing outside and imitations of made Cypriot Cyprus, Cypriot pottery, pottery by Cypriot potters the fabric of the smaller series is outside While made local varied, potters pottery by Cyprus.61 it is quite distinct from that of amphoras found on Cyprus itself.62 In light of this and the fact that
the
to view
Late Classical smaller, examples as rather than them imitations are
If they
imitations, or elsewhere
Cilicia
Greece,
where on
and more
and Athens,63 diki, fabric. This displays
were the than
have
not been
on
found
real thing. made? Suggestions they coast of Asia Minor, south
it seems
Cyprus,
reasonable
the
one
center
have
a
is certainly a number
included
East Rhodes, the Chalki
Syria, Macedonia, best Our possibility.
is the
clue
of common
from features but considerable variation, emerge a at the fired is The fabric with of examples break, very hard, hackly Agora.64 are often many a red core, or a gray core, or gray with There red (10Y5/6) with totally gray.65 to to the abundant and In addition white inclusions. voids, (up large containing frequently are less red ones. but also there white 2 mm) inclusions, large dark gray and/or frequent are rare, limited to a few very fine at most. is lumpy The surface inclusions points, Sparkling an examination
and partially covered with a pink slip (7.5YR 7/4, 8/3), over which there may be painted the slip is in dull red and black, although this is often poorly preserved. Where decoration is a dark the surface lacking, in wheel-trimmed ent, especially
reddish
gray
areas,
or reddish
giving
the
a
are very
inclusions
White
brown. surface
appearance.
speckled
appar
Examples
with these characteristics include 396 and 397.66 Some vessels (e.g., P 8978) have a thicker and more uniform slip coating, producing a dull, pink surface. In this guise, the fabric is strikingly to that
similar
of
smaller
vessels
of Corinthian
blister
as the
such
ware,
a
and
pink
57. Themelis nos. A
surface,
pi. 45. 59. The
streaked
and
lumpy
and
16, B 139, H
58. Giannikouri,
often
77, 131, 1997, pp. 37-38, Touratsoglou 3, pis. 45, 147. and Philimonos 1989, pp. 63-64, Patsiada,
has
a continuous
history
in the Archaic
and
periods XXVL1,
on Cyprus XXIXT2-14,
227, 228), but it could easily be residual. 60. Karageorghis 1979, p. 682, fig. 38 (Larnaka M AA 1023-1). red II (V) am Cf. also SwCyprusExp IV.2, fig. LV:5, a bichrome Archaic of Late the IV.2, fig. LIX:3 SwCyprusExp period; phora a white II, p. 314, no. 3, pis. LVIII, XCIXTO), (= SwCyprusExp tomb in Marion burial the second from VI amphora painted and SwCyprus I period 47 of the Cypro-Classic (ca. 475-400); a white VI ware no. 7, painted pis. XLI, XCIX:9, Exp II, p. 222, of tomb Marion burial second from the 14, period amphora are usually of these vessels I. The late Cypro-Classic heights figs.
between
To
44 and
unguentarium
naked
the
and
eye
under
a
50 cm.
61. AgoraXIl, IV.2, pp. 262-269.
p. 191, n. 24
SwCyprusExp
(withbibliography);
fabric of the amphora 1969, p. 58, n. 25. The which (n. 60 above), by Karageorghis published Tourapi in color at the Larnaca museum in Cyprus, I examined ranged to 10YR 7/4 in a break and contained from 2.5YR 6/6 angular across. There were inclusions less than 1 mm black and white 62. Williams
shape
IV.2, figs. XIV: 1, (SwCyprusExp XLVIhl, XXXIXT6, XXXVT3, into the did not continue LV:5, 6, 8, LIX:2, 3), but apparently in white A Hellenistic example, fragmentary single period. was found in the mixed VI ware, through 4th-century painted at Kition fill in a cistern Hellenistic (Kition IV, p. 264, no. 485, Classical
XX:l-3,
or blistered.
small
(e.g., 386), with gray fabric
400, but also the aryballoi of the second half of the 4th century
from
to be voids in the surface, which many unslipped. appeared or south 63. Syria or Cilicia p. 191); East Greece (AgoraXIl, or Rhodes Athens coast of Asia Minor 1969, p. 58); (Williams and Tourat Macedonia IV.2, (Themelis 268); p. (SwCyprusExp 1990, 1997, pp. 165, 212); Chalkidiki (Vokotopoulou soglou p. 25). 64. The which
I have
wider
fabric
variability I am particularly at Corinth. 65. Some 66. As well
of
examples
examined,
appeared is exhibited by grateful
examples as P 8977
to Nancy at Corinth (AgoraXIl,
at Corinth to me the
at Olynthos, the same, though at Corinth. sample and
to be
larger Bookidis
are fired p. 340,
for her
assistance
red
throughout.
no.
1486,
pl. 63).
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
145
lOx hand lens, the two appear to be identical. One early amphora (398), found in deposit Q 13-14:1 together with the examples described above, ismade of amore thoroughly levigated fabric, fine, hard, red (10Y 5/6) in the break but with a smooth, gray surface, which bears traces
of
occasional and frequent inclusions white It nestled within voids. lumps, pink slip, still less fine the standard of fabric the to, though than, gray unguentarium early in but is almost the fine inclusions that characterize century, totally lacking sparkling
is similar 3rd
fabric.67
unguentarium
This
to the others
is allied
piece
not
only
by
its context,
but
also
by
the decoration (three lilies, as on 396) and the sharply carved angle of the rim (as on 397). All of this together suggests that the visual differences among the fabrics described above are
less
than
significant
the
The close coincidence
similarities.
between
this fabric and blister ware,
the Corinthian
origin of which
a Corinthian source for the (see p. 135), suggests pseudo-Cypriot amphoras.68 of between the A fabric and that of Corinthian points early amphora similarity with their abundant white, red, and gray inclusions, surface, transport amphoras, streaky pink core.69 A and contrasting Corinthian is further of gray origin supported by the large numbers at A that been found have Corinth. has been amphoras pseudo-Cypriot large group published a context from in the Sacred other have many 4th-century Spring; examples, unpublished, is not
in
dispute are also
There
been
unearthed
on
elsewhere
in size and
than
ety if Corinth
site.70 The
the
other
Corinthian
collections
demonstrates
assemblage
wider
vari
as is to be
of
shape pseudo-Cypriot amphoras, expected is the to the of manufacture. In addition there are smaller place large amphora, some with of the are not versions rather than handles. Some shape, vestigial freestanding than an unguentarium, much others half the size of the Three larger perhaps larger vessels. of the smaller size have turned 399, a small fragment up at the Agora: incomplete examples a of the banded neck of a vessel of medium vessel that has been described size; 400, variously ware as blister and Cypriot a white but which ware,71 clearly fits into this series; and fragment of the wall of another, as well a vessel with the a distinctive lilies.72 Corinth boasts preserving one offset below the rim (C-68-183), and with a substantial vertical pronounced strap handle One final observation offers additional evidence. Four of the (C-68-180). pseudo-Cypriot at at the same and three Corinth?exhibit the technical amphoras?one Agora peculiarity: the handles
have
been
their
shops.
of a pale,
detail
does
show
In one
case,
a small
clay, and
pseudo-Cypriot 67. This among
amphoras
finer
fabric
of small
vessels
p. 292, no. 68. This handled
highly
difficulty with
(5Y 8/3),
at Corinth,
of perfumed
mostly
by other
in 1992
as now
1992, p. 391, (Steiner 69. For comments blister
ware
and
70. Williams pl. 1. In addition
local, Corinthian favoring n. 37). on the similarities between
amphora
fabric,
see above,
closely
more
inventoried
encountered
who
frequently at Corinth.
have
production Corinthian
n. 4.
1969, pp. 57-58; Williams 1970, p. 5, nos. 5, 6, to 20 from the Sacred I counted pieces Spring,
in
available handle
ismade
standard
resembling
manufacture.
in 2000.
scholars
clay mixture
the applied
storerooms
(1985, p. 284, n. 46) connects a series of Corinthian the amphoras with Still unguentaria. the anonymous individual who inventoried earlier, fragments at Corinth from the Sacred called the fabric "bichrome Spring . . . blister ware fabric." And Charles Wil proto-unguentarium to be the material is liams, who originally thought imported,
quoted
one
(CorinthXlll,
495-7,
pl. 78.) is anticipated suggestion the material. Pemberton
18 other
the
Whatever
to this
Add
oil,74 and the hypothesis
even
becomes
the vessel.73
the firing of the thick mass of the
of Corinthian
therefore
as a producer
T-2701
of
with few inclusions,
are Corinthian
is also represented size: e.g., C-68-173;
rest
the
the potters had more than at Corinth (C-69-322), amphora
suggestive
had a long tradition
Corinth
from
that
creamy yellow fabric
Corinthian
fabric
potters had experienced
reason?possibly handle?this
of a different
made
that
that the
attractive. on examples Bookidis Nancy in small
a brief
to the Corinth
visit
tells me
fragments
that during
the fabric
is
excavation
no. 1489 p. 340, under (Cypriot white ware); 1934, p. 327, under no. A 68, and Corinth VII.3, p. 145
71. AgoraXIl, Thompson (blister
ware). 72. P 19266 73. Corinth
XII,
p. 340, 74. For
(AgoraXIl, C-68-176,
no.
p. 340, C-69-322,
no.
pl. 63). P 8977
Agora
(Agora
1486,
pl. 63). the Corinthian perfume The continued production
pp. 117-118. in the 4th century
1489,
C-37-26;
see Salmon 1984, of perfume at Corinth account by Plutarch's
trade,
is attested anecdotally of Dionysios, the deposed tyrant of Syracuse, ev uupcmco^icp (Tim. 14.3). time in Corinth
whiling
away his
146
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
are not Corinthian, at that are the focus of our however, gray unguentaria inquiry, source a their remains is a reliable least if their geographical distribution mystery. guide; or wares Attic either fine from that of known is visually distinct this fabric Because pottery, The
as the gray unguentaria imports.75 regarded at and its of the fabric Athens the Hellstrom, rarity else noting ubiquity to Athens.76 this Attic In the years since Hellstrom that they are native wrote, even of the later 4th and of gray unguentaria clearer. The fabric has become
coarse,
and
Thompson Pontus Conversely, where,
argued concentration
later
the first half of the 3rd century wall,
striping,
purple
of
of
review
such
a program,
gray
gray or
of, copies of scientific
literature
close can
in the Early
unguentarium
surface.
It is possible,
however,
the archaeological
standard
the
nearly
close represent an ambitious program
type; only the absence A
iridescent
rather
but
earmarks are the extremely
is very distinctive:
out in publications.
readily be picked fabric,
and
and Talcott
Sparkes
Examples
thin can
this model
that they are not of the same
of course,
parallel
fine potting,
that follow
to, the standard gray on that In question. light as a must be accepted guide. a of distribution map rough
developments could shed
analysis visual
similarity
therefore
provide
Hellenistic
as it is currently
period,
known
(see
Map 4). the Agora, by the evidence supported in Athens show that and Piraeus, elsewhere
vations
Athenian sibly at Medeon
been
on Aigina
type.77 It seems also to be in the majority
in Boiotia
have
at the Kerameikos and exca of graves is the standard the gray unguentarium
at
Statistics
and
as well.78
Gray
at Ambrossos, at tombs
unguentaria in Phokis;
unearthed
are examples
in eastern
and perhaps
Euboia,
and pos
tombs type 3rd-century at have also been They Delphi.79 reported other but do not outnumber types there.80 in the
the dominant
Lokris, Corinthian of clearly to appear with in equal numbers unguentaria they to be at Isthmia but they appear and Olympia, have been manufacture.81 reported Examples common at seem Palaia to be in 3rd-century there.82 They in the minority graves Epidauros, are in encountered to in later burials.83 other frequently Gray unguentaria types giving way tomb assemblages but even and especially there, well-published Macedonia, suggest Thessaly are occurrences than others.84 Other that the gray type was less numerous Thera, sporadic?on At
Corinth
seem
75. Thompson 1934, pp. 473-474; Agora XII, pp. 191-192. have found favor 76. Labraundall.l, arguments p. 25. These Eretria II, p. 28; MedeonV, of other quarters: in a number p. 65; 89. Alt-Aginall.l,p. XIV, pis. 41, IX, pis. 67, 68, 96; Kerameikos 1990, p. 42, pi. 4:a (Kerameikos); 42, 47, 50, 52, 53, 55; Stichel It also occurs at Eleusis Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, pis. 59,60. (My nos. A5-870, lonas 1975, vol. 2, pp. 180-181, A5-871, pi. 434:8), it is the dominant type there I do not know. though whether II. 1, p. 88, nos. 701-707, 78. Alt-Agina pis. 55, 56; Eretria II, that a gray nos. VII: 1-6, 43 29, 28, (note 66-67, though pp. pis. of the type in Eretria, from a well apparently unguentarium an and considered is in the minority discussion under here, no. 27, ArchDelt Schmid 19, 365, 182]); [2000, p. pi. import by 77. Kerameikos
B'2 (1964 [1966]), p. 199, pi. 234:oc (AyiaParaskevi [Boiotia]); perhaps single
Andreiomenou 3rd-century is of this
The (Haliartos). at from graves published 1998, p. 80, no. 1, pi. 32). (Pologiorghi are later, but they from the Kabeirion 1977,
p.
19, pi. KT:a
unguentarium
type Oropos of the unguentaria Most that familiar to be mainly of gray fabric, possibly are reported nos. from Athens 718-745, (Kabirion III, p. 94, pi. 44). nos. 75.10-12,115.4, 79. MedeonV, figs. 115,116, pp. 64, 67, 1990, p. 116, certainly 123, 124; Arapogianni pp. 81, 105-106, 4, 18, pis. 26:a, 38:ot and probably pp. FdDV.l, 15, pis. 26:e, 27:y, 34:e (Ambrossos); 349, fig. 698.
figs.
81, p.
84, 99, figs. 7, 166, nos. 345
80. Onasoglou 81. Pemberton
pp.
1985, from
toried
unguentaria The impression. it is at Athens.
mia);
62, 63, pi. 27:a, 28:p, 30:(3. of inven Examination pp. 284-286. this there reinforces the excavations
1994,
gray
type
82. Anderson-Stojanovic Hausmann 1996,
is common,
1993, p. 28, no.
83. Proskynitopoulou 84. Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou
but
p. 293,
no.
58, pi. 11 pp. 395-396,
2000,
not
Ill,
as common
fig.
17
as
(Isth
(Olympia). pi. 207.
1994, pis. 282:e, 287:a (Pherai); one [1990]), (1986 p. 61, pi. 65:p, y (Lamia, types); perhaps gray unguentarium along with eight of other 1997, p. 54, pi. 41:ax, C, (Lamia); Triantaphyl Papakonstantinou 13:8, 14:e (Amphanai, 2004, p. 64, pis. apparently lopoulou all gray); Lilimpaki-Akamati 1994, p. 106, no. 6, fig. 16, pi. 46; no. 6, fig. 22, pi. 1:6; p. 199, p. Ill, no. 22, fig. 19, pi. 46:6; p. 122, are also no. 364, of the later unguentaria 36 75, (several fig. pi. to have gray fabric and may be of the standard type, reported are of different but at least two-thirds types) and Lilimpaki
ArchDelt
41,
B'
8, 50:(3, 52:e.4 5 (Pella); nos. 111259, pp. 38, 41-42, other outnumbered 111260, pis. types); by greatiy ArchDelt 1991b, p. 125, lower right (Edessa); probably Drougou 1991a, 21, B'2 [1968]), (1966 p. 336, pi. 358:e and Drougou nos. 6 14-18, 83, (Thessaloniki); Tsimpidou-Auloniti p. fig. 1994, pp. 81-82, pi. 38 (Thessaloniki).
Akamati
1996,
Drougou
and
pis.
38:8,
Touratsoglou 16, 65 (Veroia,
?, 40:a,
p, 45:y,
1980,
147
UNGUENTARIA
FUSIFORM
I-S?7?1-T3P-77H \s'
\
s~\I J^^ j^)
V
Edessa
f]
w yVeroia
?\0 \
Au
\ ^
.-
/Thessaloniki X^-^ (?
#><\
v>
/
^.
/Jvo-nOv
instance
/ /
?^^^v^
_/
/
V^_
/
^ / L <2 <S (\ s /vJ^^^v,X. S. #^_8>--v-OropOS /n /-^Olympia ^yrAAyia Paraskevi^/1\\ / X. / O C V\v \ (7 ] \\> ^ N^J Corinth"*"!^ C^^ J Isthmia \Athens X \^_^ \ J
\f Epi^os^^
4 Thera
?
^
/
^"X \ ^
fl
/?V^ / & .^^^V) isn \ Xanthos /f~^""x cv Kameiros/*/ ._7 \ / \A
?*=* *
j
-
J
^^ff ^4.
Paphos
Map
Rhodes,
)
\^\J
/"~~-?
^YX
0
Crete,
_k
ry^-/^vE- Lokris^Haliartos <js \ \ /
\
\
^
_jy_^, / C_^-
V
represented
Isolated
\ /-^ ^-_???^
f^
/C^^?\
\^Ambrossos & Medeon -crSj
\u
>^ )
(
Pe|,a
Majority type Well
/I
/^^
of
4. Distribution
gray
3rd-century
unguentaria
1 and
(Categories
^?-^
2)
on Tinos, at in Histria.85 and Troy and Xanthos, rare in Israel, finds the gray type extremely unguentaria seems to be consistent with of the type, then, Distribution perhaps
Cyprus, on
stein, commenting to the 2nd century.86
Guz-Zilber and
limited as a
Athens
source.
Other fume
can
arguments
was
15.688F);87
produced
also
be made
in Athens.
There
local manufacture.
was
a scent
of a famous
the originator
Megallos,
for
85. Thera
and Niniou-Kindeli 1994, II, p. 283; Markoulaki 1, left (Chania); 1931, p. 65, no. 8, fig. 41 Jacopi I, XL:7, III, p. 68, nos. 1, 2, figs. (Rhodes); Paphos pi. XIV:7 on its comments series; Hayes p. 215, rarity); Tenosl, ("Aegean" no. Ca 10, 1902, p. 197, no. 4007 (Troy); Fouilles pi. 116; Schmidt no. 708, deXanthosl, p. 183, pp. 55-56, pi. 15, top left; Histriall, no. 91. XXIX:l,pl. p. 209,
fig.
86. Guz-Zilberstein earliest
types,
and
1995, lacking
p. 306,
the purple
fig.
6.27:1-4,
stripes.
Her
none
of
the
review
of
the
called scent
sources
Literary
attest
that per 13.2.6; Ath.
(Plin. HN mvaGrivouKOQ named |i?YaAA,eiov after him,
literature
turned
in Israel
and
are
(Dothan
those
79:15,99:22). 87. The ence
up gray unguentaria date all of 2nd-century
editor
of
the Loeb
to the oil awarded (Gulick
perfume of the perfume 256, 261-263.
1941, industry
Athenaios
to Panathenaic p.
188, note at Athens,
reads victors
was
only
said
at Ashdod,
1971,
figs.
9:6,
this as a refer rather
than
to a
discussion a). For further see 2005, pp. 255 Reger
148 some
by
to have
in locally
bottled
is to say,with and West
fabric
exist.
kilns
gray
containing
no
date,
been
have
however,
have
presumably identified:
that
of the 4th century and a handful
of
made of recognizably Attic unguentaria or we are not the containers recognizing
negligible,
resemble at Corinth,
the
however,
fabrics. fabric
slip, low porosity,89 and,
that
in firing,
possible of
of
been
have
num
significant
such as M 21:1 or N 21:4.
(483,484), useless
ware
contain
shipping
local manufacture.
the
can
we
further,
to several features point ware: blister the contrasting
of Corinthian
in a few early gray unguentaria the blisters be
reasonably
are
two others
and as
for its fineness, fabric, which, except dismissed this objection, the parallel citing not of Corinthian manufacture does resemble
problem Hellstrom
creating in fact,
could,
dumps
however, so much so as to have
this argument Carrying that are reminiscent
buff
in workshop
hint
nor
in Athens,88
found
are overfired
in the collection,
typical Attic where blister
unguentarium
been
have
ware.
explode tarium ware
None,
examples
in gray fabric been found
remains,
Corinthian
later
was
(485, 486), possibly constitutes another
badly misshapen ers. This, then,
ation
of
unguentaria
unguentaria
There
containers.
were
individuals
private
scent would
sold.
bers of unguentaria
not
some
at least
and
15.690f);
of the black-gloss
unguentaria Slope Either local production
it was
in which
Two
(Ath.
manufactured
the exception
black
No
an Athenian
been
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
in T?%vr||LU)p?\|/iKT| (Ath. 13.61 If). Locally produced
engaged been
VESSELS
of
characteristic
(408, 416),
as a non-Corinthian
described
situ other of gray core,
lime inclusions ware.
the Corinthian
does
Unguen of blister
version
ware.
to test
In order
Reactor.
of of Athenian manufacture for gray unguentaria, the hypothesis 25 samples to instrumental neutron at the Missouri Research activation analysis subjected
were
the fabric
These
included
and
unguentaria
of both
examples
the coarser
of
vessels
of
the highly
the 2nd
and
distinctive,
thin-walled In a
1st centuries.90
early
3rd-century study
carried
out by Hector Neff and Michael Glascock, these samples were compared with 18 samples of Attic fine ware of the 3rd and 2nd centuries, as well as with Attic pottery analyzed by the National
Brookhaven
Laboratory two groups,
into
the unguentaria ing both early
late
and
in an earlier
sorted components analysis study.91 Principal one made the other late unguentaria, up of four compris no was fine ware of the the Attic with There virtually overlap
samples. in this study or with any of the Attic fine to the do not lend any support hypothesis are local that it remains they though possible a different clay formula.92
18 samples examined These then, results,
wares
Attic
or
potters We
products,
employed are left, then,
that
analyzed the gray
regional
at Brookhaven.
are unguentaria for which products
of the presence of the type and Distribution mystery. not far distant; indicates to an of the fabric but analysis origin point unguentaria misshapen can we construct local materials. from known deviation Nonetheless, something significant that may wherever of the gray unguentaria, that led to the creation of events of the chain have
taken
with
an unsolved
place.
at Gordion: Edwards for instance, 1959, they have, 1950, p. 183, p. 267, fig. 21, pi. 68. See also Homann-Wedeking at Knossos. context in a workshop pi. 14:C, D, unguentaria of gray un of the porosity for studies 89. See n. 46 above 88. As
guentaria. 90. Neff AS AS
and Glascock
752, AS 1014-AS 757, AS 1024-AS
comparison AS 775, AS Slope,
were
1023.
Third-century Second-lst century
black
samples: samples:
AS AS
750 755,
for fine-ware analyzed samples 758, AS 759, AS 761, AS 769, AS 773 1044 and included moldmade bowls, West 1033. The
AS
1034-AS
stamped
2001.
gloss,
and wasters.
91. Fillieres, three (group
compositional A,
corresponded the MURR 92.
Neff
encompassing closely
composition
to the Hellenistic
study. and Glascock
fine
ware
in
included
out that, although (2001) point con in a higher all Attic samples calcareous the "do fit thorium, relatively they to Attic to characterize attributed ceramics known
the unguentaria of centration
workshops."
study defined Sayre 1983. That one of which of Attic pottery, groups and Hellenistic Classical samples) and
Harbottle,
differ
from
FUSIFORM
149
UNGUENTARIA
a in Corinth, following Cypriot a for the con a new for Corinthian choice, model, good perfume. designed contents. The was a suitable ventional striking logo for the flower-scented lily decoration even have these potters its model and the new amphora between similarities may suggest me tics resident at Corinth. have recently and John Sarah Morris been Cypriot Papadopoulos in the
Sometime
the 4th
of
second
quarter container
potters
century,
It was
of both pottery and the played a defining role in the production argued that Phoenicians and in late-8thit contained commodities 7th-century Corinth.93 They (largely perfumed oil) of numerous
see
the presence the Corinthian
in both Palestine and Cyprus?in shrines?paralleled in as evidence of Phoenicians for involvement continuing Quarter a small to It requires in the Archaic suggest only adjustment period.
Potters'
ceramics
Corinthian
stele
as well as Phoenicians their and to imagine included have Cypriots might of pseudo I would that the manufacture submit into the 4th century. presence continuing too hint at eastern contents The at of this. evidence Corinth constitutes just pottery Cypriot have held oil of lilies; the for the lily motif gotjoivov, connections, may suggests amphoras the easterners
that
root
the Semitic The
perfume
the word
was
then
it was
tination,
Lekythoi
small-scale ware94
black-gloss the plump amphora decoration banded of
part containers
of nearly
the
fabric, rubric
4th
the
gray
ness like
Corinth
as a branch
that
Boiotia, Soon the
it may and
and
Phokis,
findspots been located
of
published within the
large unguentarium the earlier part of the 3rd for distribution by its makers.
96. Markoulaki
and Niniou-Kindeli B'2
(1981
[1988]),
1994, p. 209, fig. 1, right, (Chania); p. 396, pi. 293:ct
trade,
producing large of a slightly different in the the under Catalogue Those
have
may
production attested distribution from
different
the
(and
potters
Crete
and
instances area
are
Ephesos second
might the new
even
have of
variant
the earlier
amphoras: to Macedonia,
added
of containers and producer match for the gray unguentarium of gray how suggest, unguentaria
encompassed from other
1991b,
Drougou
of
secrets
trade
shared
center
that of
sites
publications almost abandoned (there entirely as the scent was century), packaged
93. Morris and Papadopoulos 1998. 94. AgoraXXIX, pp. 177-178, fig. 72, pi. 85. 95. E.g., in Thessaly 2000, p. 142, fig. 8; (Adrymi-Sismani and Katakouta 2000b, p. 157, fig. 1, light ground Karapanou with dark gloss banding) and in the Levant (see nn. 29 and 31 with red above, ground light banding).
of
but
was
after
and ArchDelt36,
who
amphoras, second
The
western
were
these
may also have been Cypriots, possibly busi
future
though
to consumers.
At Athens
the
decoration, included
location of this 3) ,96The so until a chemical remain
(see Map and will
The have
the first.
the
is somewhat
amphora absent,
entered
same
(e.g., 402, 403, and Oversize Unguentaria").
of
operation
unknown
is discovered.
the
they must have worked)
pseudo-Cypriot is conspicuously and Rhodes
Ambracia, scent remains
ever,
manufacturer
and with
shape fabric
its des
reached
sale
elsewhere);95 they imitate the the handles, and reproduce same in the At about this time,
with
dispensing their shoulders.
of the Corinthian of the exporters partners ware with for blister the formula them;
originated the large
fabric
usually lines on
Amphoras
"Gray Unguentarium:
scent makers with whom
for
Euboia,
at first, but in the fourth quarter of the 4th century,
a second
unguentarium
origin. to Athens,
the product
3). When
local manufacture
for this purpose. amphoras are known wares in other local
though incised
century, the same
know,
the
(copies
shape, in the
of
containers
of
copies
eastern
ultimate the perfume's at least, as far as we
and Italy (see Map small
into
served this purpose
perhaps
latter
widely,
exported
decanted
made
demonstrates
Rhodes,
Macedonia,
Ambracia,
potters standard
of
103
p.
Attica, by Aigina, could alter that
Euboia,
picture. are few dating examples in the small unguentaria
(Pella);
Miliades
1929,
pp.
72-73,
fig.
6
(Ambracia); ArchDelt 20, B'2 (1965 [1967]), p. 357, pi. 423:oc (Ambracia);
Andreou
Gravani
1988-1989,
different
workshop
and Andreou
1997,
pi.
71
(Ambracia); from
p. 100, pi. 2:a, y (Ambracia, clearly than examples in Athens); ArchDelt
a
48, B' 1
(1993 [1998]), p. 273, pi. 89:? (Ambracia);EphesosXllhhl, p. 99, nos. 1989,
343-346,
pi.
28; Giannikouri, left (Rhodes).
p. 63, pi. 44:(3,
Patsiada,
and
Philimonos
150
VESSELS
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
Amphoras and Oversize Unguentaria The gray unguentaria in the Agora vessels,
represented
by
a few
only
fall into two groups:
collection
(10 have
pieces
been
large cf.
inventoried;
h
^S 1
some of them more properly termed amphoras, and all I 401-406), probably Bj more than 30 cm in height; and the much more numerous small ones, M I over cm on tall The small which is 20 modeled series, (407-486). rarely JJM \ p, ^ ca. the large one, runs throughout the Hellenistic to from 315 11/ 1||| period, ^X\ the 1st century, although it is sparsely represented during the first 50 V \ / \ years of that span. Almost all the large vessels, on the other hand, date in the 4th or early 3rd century. The blister-ware predecessors (396-398) | and their relationship to large vessels of standard unguentarium I / fabric, with which they share shape and, in some cases, lily decoration, have \ / been discussed above (pp. 142-148). Two large amphoras of standard \/ \ / fabric (401, 402) are dated by context in the first third unguentarium of the 3rd century and the very similar 403 (which was not found in a dat1 / able context) must be contemporary. Three others (404, 405, and P 17162) Mm\_ ^ differ from them slightly; the interior is unglazed, the lower body ismore and
concave,
deeply
the
foot
smaller.
The
hollow
foot
and
the
red
on
lines
the shoulder of 405 place it within the 3rd century, though probably later than 401-403. Only one large example indicates by its context and form that it dates in the Late Hellenistic period: 406, from M 20:1, with no red/purple striping, and with a solid lower body and a foot.
grooved unguentaria
As
and Talcott have commented,97 Sparkes must after the 3rd century reflect changes
or marketed,
imported
and
I have
above
suggested
the virtual in the way those changes
what
of disappearance in which perfume have
might
large was
been.
Small Unguentaria The
collection
Agora
from have
on
dated
or Roman of
deposits;
too
rely heavily even rare in those To basis
simplify of details
as described
shape
strata, form
when
presentation, of shape and
small
gray unguentaria. Forty-eight there is no basis independent as have
development,
although
are useful
they This
categories. the basis of the
supplemented
on material cases
226
the various
these
This data is occasionally to
of
for which
Street,98 as evidence for
graves been excluded
undated, disturbed, the relative frequencies from
a total
contains
Lenormant
outside
fairly
careful
leaves
below, but the categories
Attica,
overlap
14 and Table
14. The chronological
Category
1 (407-410):
amphora
Category
2 (411-423):
constricted
little later) Category 3 (424-437): Category 4 (438-447): 97. AgoraXIl, p. 192. 98. The graves were excavated their
contents
entered
into
shape,
purple
lower
body,
but I have been
in the following in broad significant
chronologically be
purple
reluctant the
categories terms for
(especially Categories taken
into
of each
stripes
and white
account
fabric, on
the
dating,
5 and
in assigning
in the
category
ranges are summarized and white
here.
presented
to it is impossible verify have been provided.
as well as of fabric and finish must 6). Details proportions a date to any one For the relative example. representation
see Chart
discussion
information, since
descriptions have been placed are These details
unguentaria decoration.
52 more
for analysis of capacities and a total of 126 small examples
chronological
by published
from
examples for dating, from unguentaria
inventory,
in Chart 30 (p. 233).
(ca. 315-275) stripes
(ca. 300-200,
or a
shape as Category 2, lacking purple stripes (ca. 200-175) solid lower body, well-formed foot (ca. 215-150) in 1936 by Virginia
the Agora
inventory.
Grace Four
and
(graves
H-K) lished
contained by Boulter
unguentaria, (1963,
pp.
a selection 125-126,
of which
pl. 46).
were
pub
FUSIFORM
solid lower body, foot defined by groove
Category 5 (448-470):
solid
6 (471-480):
Category
151
UNGUENTARIA
lower
no
body,
foot
separate
(ca.
Category 7 (481): shape as Category 6, but with wide neck 8 (482):
Category
the beginning the debt phoras;
as
shape
At
the
of to the
6, but with
Category
the unguentaria can be shape
series,
amphora
are
later)
1st century)
(early
in effect
deduced
or
170/150-50
(ca. 125-86)
stem
short
(ca. 180-100)
on
the handles
from
am
handleless
small,
the
(401, 403) and the vestigial handles on 416 and 417. The earliest large examples in white and purple pieces (Category 1) have a plump, ovoid body and decoration the two earliest examples (407, stripes on the neck, shoulder, and belly. Although were come in contexts the last about made from 250, they 408) deposited probably
II Si
j
^m /
are to Attic of similar century. unguentaria black-gloss They closely ca. 300 as to an a from laid down (493). A similar imported piece deposit on the South in a well of the Acropolis, with found has been gray example together Slope comes from a grave of that date of the 4th century, and another kantharoi of the last quarter are taller at the Kerameikos.100 retain the amphora Two other (409, 410) shape but examples of quarter that date,99
and
the 4th
as well
hence
thinner,
possibly
range of date, but since a more of
the
3rd
contexts
century, elsewhere
into
3rd
the
to that
cal
we may suggest
407, century.101 of the black-gloss are
proportions
developed
409,
at the occurring Agora In the first quarter of
the
410
four
3rd
with have
and
examples H./Diam.
in the
them
to 493;
examples. the
century
408
base,
of
Tomb early 3rd century. continued somewhat
identi underneath, a in having ring base. The are very rare, this category concave
becomes
body
and
the
raised base is replaced by a projecting foot with either a convex or slanting profile these are decorated with white and purple (Category 2). Like earlier unguentaria, is almost always carefully finished, almost polished, to striping, and the underside ensure a stable resting surface. This polishing process has been carried out even is not perfectly even (e.g., on 412). Occasionally, when the underside vestigial is ilhandles appear on larger examples (416, 417). This stage of development from E 3:1 (412) and C 17:2 (411) in the Agora, deposits lustrated by unguentaria with the
large
near
dates
closing
from
401,
a
the middle
of
contemporary
the 3rd deposit.
a wide
concave
is unique
Unguentaria
lower
or
characteristics
these
covered
in E 3:1 (412) of the first half
late 4th
a raised
1.4-1.9.102
contents
whose
is attested
profile
tentatively that unguentaria and
contexts
from
date
squat: in only
fairly
come
later. They
Their century. profile At the Kerameikos,
mirrors unguentaria
*HT V Jm \ ||||j /
^H
J
jBf
that of of Category
in Grave 122, which 2 have been found in Abschnitt II of the Dipylon Well B2 (280-260), I would also date around 280-260, and in grave QO 42 together with a kantharos dating 99. P 28679, P 7388, P 26736, P 28684, P 28682, P 10685 nos. 1163-1168, pp. 354-355, (AgoraXXIX, fig. 72, pi. 85). 100. ArchDelt 20, B'l 25:a (1965 [1967]), (South p. 26,'pl. no. of this form, Also 42:1. KerameikosXYM, 46:1, 47, p. pi. Slope); from the Kerameikos: Stichel 1990, p. 42, pi. 4:a (Stichel's inge nious
that suggestion to lekythoi unguentaria
in grave the change may be connected
gifts with
from
palmette the sumptuary
fits the chronological to imagine that grave gifts of such picture infinitesimal worth would have been affected by this legislation). of the form (again, not necessarily of the same Another example in a grave at Pella has been unearthed fabric) (Lilimpaki-Aka regulations
well,
of Demetrios but
of Phaleron
it is hard
p. 135, no. 1, fig. 65, pi. 50:(3). A grave at Ayia Para a black unguentarium both and an unglazed skevi contained one decorated with stripes 1932, p. 8, fig. 4, again (Threpsiades serves to at the least, this example not of gray fabric); perhaps of black-gloss and illustrate the contemporaneity unguentaria
mati
1996,
those
of other
fabrics
101. A similar fabric;
one
at this early
unguentarium cannot be sure from
date.
(though possibly the publication)
not of the gray was found in
in Opountian Lokris 1994, pp. 62-63, (Onasoglou a terminus 16 coins, which the tomb contained provide II at Chersonesos, in Tomb post quern of ca. 300 (pp. 66-67). an contained of this form Crete, (Hatzi-Vallianou unguentarium a kantharos 2000, 100-101, pp. along with pis. 53:6, 54:36), in the first of 3rd the century quarter dating (pis. 53:(3, 54:35). tomb
ri-18
pl. 27:a);
Unguentaria are regularly contain
coins
not of gray fabric) type (though mostly in graves in the necropoleis of Pydna that no earlier of Kassander and were thus closed
of
this
found
are absent from earlier they 194, figs. 1-3, pl. 64). of the proportions 102. For a discussion and Fossey 1980, p. 29. Hagg than
306/5;
graves
(Kotitsa
2004,
p.
of unguentaria,
see
I
n-:-
70
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
152
Lenormant St graves
Agora 60 50 40
I
Cat 2
Cat1 Chart
ca. 285-275.103
14. Gray
Further
and
at Medeon
ing
in date
comes
context of 412 places
quarter a very
it before
the Agora
from
I Cat 5
graves
body,
bulging
Street
3rd an
perhaps
graves
in Thessaly, Amphanai found with material rang 411-413
century.104 of
stage
early
Cat 8
at
been
have the
Cat 7
in Thessaloniki,
of the century;
the middle
Cat 6
in the Lenormant
and
similar unguentaria to the middle of
where
with
curve,
exaggerated
at
unguentaria
I
I Cat 4
Cat 3
evidence
in Phokis, the first
from
I
I
I
"I
i
I
,
have
a rather
the development.
if shape is a sufficient
The
indicator, 411
on (ca. 250?), From this point the development 413 may date that early as well. however, a more contexts in the 3rd century later and from slender deposited profile, pieces series runs to the of the 2nd century have a more streamlined the first quarter shape. The
and
is toward and
end of the 3rd century or slightly beyond. 415-419 are more elegant profile than 420-423, but this ismost likely because the Hellenistic ratio of
are more
finished than small ones. The carefully from 1.8 to 2.7. Twenty small unguentaria 2 ranges at the includes another and the collection 12 from Agora,
larger unguentaria period, to diameter for Category
of height
have
this
category the Lenormant
found
been
Street
finely finished and have amore of their larger size; throughout
graves.
The omission of purple stripes defines a third category (Category 3), which retains the hollow lower body, but is decorated only with three or four white stripes (a single stripe at belly, upper belly, neck, and sometimes on the rim). There is a tendency ratio from 2.3 to 3.1. Some toward a more slender shape, with a height-to-diameter share
examples
the
carefully
underside
polished
of Category
2, but
a more
care-
seem to with these characteristics less finish is also found (436, 437). Unguentaria be limited to the early years of the 2nd century; almost all come from deposits laid
103. Braun
1970,
Kerameikos
B(). Kovacsovics with
ca.
from
down
XIV,
dates
it, in disturbed
to
180
pp.
p. Grave
140-141, no.
119,
170. The
no.
fact
88, pl. 56:5 pl. 50:12
122:1,
that
(Dipylon
the
Well
122). (Grave associated
after 317/307; shortly was a kantharos the sarcophagus, 300 (cf. P 7768, P 26963 date around 122
fill over
that I would 122:6) 173, 174, fig. 13, pl. 16]). For grave p. 260, nos. [Agora XXIX, no. 4:2; the kantharos see Braun 1994, pp. 28-29, (no. QO 42, to Agora is similar P 27971 and P 18571 4:3) (Agora XXIX, nos. 29, 30, of this cate pp. 244-245, fig. 5, pl. 3). Unguentaria on a are in of well the South the Acropo also gory present Slope (no.
form
overlaps
lis that was filled
with
Category
yC / V f j V
/
J^jf
2 is clear
1993, p. 43, no. A139, (Vogeikoff fig. 15, the there is apparently though example or white Mc either any stripes, purple (Vanderpool, and Credie, 1962, p. 38, no. 42, pl. 21). Steinberg of the first quarter 104. Daux 1958, p. 759, fig. 8, with pottery
pl. 44) without
of
and
the 3rd
p. 62, pl.
ca. 265
at Koroni,
century 13:8, with
(Thessaloniki). Triantaphyllopoulou of the first half of the 3rd
pottery
MedeonV, p. 65, nos. (Amphanai). is based date in the mid-3rd century (pp. 24-26).
75.10-12, on coins
2004, century
115, 116; a figs. and other pottery
FUSIFORM TABLE
INVENTORY
IN THE AGORA Found in Lenormant St. Graves
% of Total Found in in
Category
Agora
20 2
12%
Total in
% of Collection
Collection
0
2%
1.4-1.9
315-275
12
32
15%
1.8-2.7
300-200
5
3 2918% 34
16%
2.3-3.1
200-175
6
4 18 10% 24
11%
2.3-4.7
215-150
80
39%
2.4-5.7
180-100
32
0 6 3220% 15%
2.7-5.6
5 5936%
0 7 2 1%
2 2 166
This
not
table does
Lenormant
from
Street
16 unguentaria
include
in Grave
found
fabrics
may
represent be the same,
not
small
be assigned
3.6-4.0
0 1% 8 2 1%
2.7-3.1
to a category
125-86 early 1st century
at the Agora,
(12 found
or later
four
from
the
of both Category 3 were 2 and Category examples one instance is offered 75 at Medeon, where by Grave the purple has been The dated around grave stripes.106
where
possible lacks
if this dating
stripes really are ab
is correct, and if the purple
well-dated
and development of 29 examples
are
There
Street
example not need this
of Category 3?though, at the have proceeded from
category
the Agora
and
the again, same rate in five
from
the
excavation.
the hollow
Although
not
the earliest
centers.
Lenormant
such
apparently
of the 3rd century;
different
that could
graves,
I.105 Another
this would
sent,
Street
unguentaria
the middle
100%
1%
170/150-50
graves).
the Lenormant
of four
44 210
100%
H./Diam. Date
14 2% 4
21
Total
BY CATEGORY
OF GRAY UNGUENTARIA
14. REPRESENTATION
Found
153
UNGUENTARIA
must
lower body?which to be
size?began
abandoned
before
have been the end
of
difficult
the 3rd
to make
century,
the
in vessels of substantially
solid stem is a mark of the 2nd century. Unguentaria with solid stems have been arranged in three categories on the basis of the treatment of the foot: modeled and slightly projecting, a or defined groove, by simply plain (Categories 4, 5, and 6, respectively). This is a subtle difference,
and
chronologically In all the changes cess
one
that
observed
of manufacture, of the introduction
but
itmay
should
to a certain
not
be given undue weight. as contents the of graves extent, we may in these vessels detect
have
transported. an indicate expanded
export
market
for
the
1963, p. 125, pi. 46). (Boulter 106. MedeonV, 115, 116. A large col p. 65, no. 75.9, figs. was found lection of Category in grave B 42 at 2 unguentaria nos. Asine 1980, pp. 66-68, 1-5, 7, 9, figs. (Hagg and Fossey with a single of Category 3 68, 70), together 62-66, example > is no independent there p. 66, no. 8, fig. 69); unfortunately, for the close dating of the burial, which would evidence scarcely be relevant,
certainly overlapped in the Kerameikos demonstrate.107
as
105. P 10309, P 10312 (Category 2); P 10310, P 10313, (Category
three
an
streamlined increasingly was abandoned. finishing a more toward slender
the practice of final smoothing and solid foot is a consequence of the trend a a sturdier offered vessel, more practical advantage: This and the increasing of unguentaria numbers
and
P 10314
The
3)
in any event,
since
the fabric
of the unguentaria
is
pro The
shape, easily handled, packed, in the 2nd century might
contents.
almost instance
not the same certainly does suggest, however,
elsewhere. taking place 107. Categories 5 and 6 occur at the Kerameikos 7, 70:3); perhaps
Categories all three
Categories K (Boulter
4 and 1963,
as the Athenian that parallel
examples. developments
This were
in graves 387 and 391 together IX, pp. 164, 165, pis. 69:6 and (Kerameikos 4 and 5 in grave 388 (p. 164, pi. 70:1); and of these types in grave 390 (p. 165, pi. 69:1). 5 occur in Lenormant Street Grave together
pp.
125-126).
154
K
Eighteen illustrate
from
unguentaria
the Agora
the most
4,
Category
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
and
another
made
carefully
six from
of
the
Lenormant
three.
Street
some
With
Grave <=t->
exceptions
(e.g., 447), unguentaria of Category 4 retain the careful polishing of the underside that is characteristic of the earlier vessels. The fabric is fairly fine, though with a slightly grainy feel, and many of the examples continue to have a red core. The earliest of this group (443), which is of a relatively finer fabric, may be dated before ca. 210 on the of
basis
it comes
context;
intrusive
from
laid down
deposits
around some
with
vessels, Here again
larger 441).
retain
they
can
we
examples observe
emphatically,
dating that more
in later
detail greater with H./Diam.
continues, In unguentaria
so is the very bottom of cistern N 21:4, unlikely come rest of the small fill. The however, examples, 170. The characteristics later they exhibit persisted
to be
from
its later, middle
in the
of
quarter to
care was than
examples
second
the
1I / V I J Xt
from in somewhat
2nd
century (e.g., and that larger unguentaria, to slenderness do. The trend
given small ones
from 2.3 to 4.7. ranging a groove, the foot is defined 5, Category simply by sometimes into the lowest part of the solid lightly engraved ratios
of
sometimes stem.
The
a-*
shape has by this time achieved great popularity; 59 examples have been inventoried at the Agora, with another 21 in Lenormant Street Grave K.108 The earliest securely dated context is the Middle Stoa building fill (deposited ca. 170), which included of this variety (e.g., 455-457); 453, from the lower fill of cistern multiple unguentaria E 14:1, might be somewhat earlier, but the heavy mixture of later material in this primarily
3rd-century do not
examples the early, now a
smaller
such
that
near
until
appear
on too against relying heavily the middle of the 2nd century.
cautions
deposit
the undersides unguentaria, usually cannot the vessels stand alone, usually
have
this
context.
Except
on
I J I { \
J \|f
Large some of are
the proportions string marks; thus there would be no need
and
j
for
to diameter surface. Slenderness is marked, with the ratio of height resting a or rare to of 3 while ratio less is and limited before about 5.7, reaching examples dating fabric is now quite and 175. The sometimes the self-slip is thick?features that are grainy, on at to also found of 6. The least the end of the 2nd category unguentaria Category persists well-polished
century. Category of process
6, of which
have
32 examples
as even
been
inventoried
the groove
from
the Agora, takes these are Mostly
is omitted.
fT~f
the tall,
I
thin, carelessly finished vessels, with a coarse fabric like that of Category 5. The earliest instance, finer and less slender than most of the others, comes from the Middle Stoa building fill (473), and one or two more were found in deposits of the second quarter of the 2nd century.109 The remainder, however, were from contexts dating
I I / \ I J \W
after
the middle
5. Vessels probably Two
further,
simplification
of
the
2nd
of this category beyond.
variations
are
century.110
continued
documented
are
Proportions
to be made only
late
the
same
as those
of Category
in the
series.
Two
unguentaria
of Category 7 (e.g., 481) have a disproportionately wide mouth, while two of Category 8 (e.g., 482) have a remarkably short stem, possibly foreshadowing of the bulbous unguentarium in the second half of the 1st development
I \
J f
\
\I ^*
to the early on Delos provides
an
1st century; support
for
108. E.g., P 10381, P 10404 (Boulter 109. P 26268, from M 18:10; P 17034, intrusive. possibly 110.
Itmay
be of significance
from example that date.111
1963, p. 126, pl. 46). from B 20:2, the latter
that, among
the gray unguen
the Maison
J
[ j I
j
| ly^*
Comediens
at Corinth, I found no example of Category a few of 5. Category 111. Bruneau 1970b, p. 254, no. D 157, pl. 46.
taria found only
des
IS
j
filling of E 15:4 is correctly placed variety (Category 8) is documented
before that date). The short-stemmed in a Sullan context and probably is con-
UL
fTl
century.The wide-mouthed Category 7may occur as early as ca. 125 (if the
fined
I
up to the time of the Sullan sack and
6, and
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
155
I
18 -|-
Other
Gray
.?
16-y
14-H
I 12-1
300-250
249-200
199-150
149-100
49-1
99-50
1-50 A.D.
Date of deposit Chart
of
number
15. Average
features of significant of pieces with taria, comparison same the shows for that, capacity, than those of the second quarter Although
real
on
effect a
with
at this
shape
capacity
larger
time.
per
unguentaria
are difficult shape change same can be the capacity of
unguentaria (cf. 462 and The
478; toward
trend
ca. 30 cc. Larger
than
(if such a term may be applied
the
second
in 2nd-century unguen a informative. Such comparison are taller half of the 2nd century
necessitates
must bend
of over 27 cc has a height-to-diameter capacity of over 110 cc has a height-to-diameter capacity
to discern
in fact,
111. 17). Capacity, cannot slenderness be
a
with
uninventoried)
see below,
capacity
to unguentaria)
and
(inventoried
deposit
larger
pieces aesthetics
and
to practicality. No preserved
ratio ratio
in
followed
girth,
a very
has
than
5, and
larger of over 4. In other
no
words,
piece a
with
piece
unguentaria
that held more simply had to be fatter. This helps to explain the occurrence of both and fat unguentaria together in deposits of the second half of the 2nd century.
slender
are well in Sullan with an average of just under nine unguentaria represented deposits, seven contexts was in of that date all where the saved counted. This per deposit pottery figure in the does that their popularity 1st indicate, however, may have been waning century, early Gray
for the average for the 2nd century as a whole is 13.6 per deposit. The peak of popularity, if the Agora deposits are any indication, would be the first half of the 2nd century, when the average is over 15 (see Chart 15). It is difficult to trace the fortunes of the shape after the Sullan
sack,
consists
century
so much
since
of
of cleanup
the material
of objects
in Athenian
deposits in the attack. The
broken
laid down representation
the throughout of unguentaria
1st
is in fact a little higher than in pure Sullan debris: 9.8 gray unguentaria per deposit rather than 8.9, hardly ameaningful difference given the weeding to which these deposits have been subjected.
There
41 inventoried unguentaria and their
are,
up 82% but not
contents, of fabrics) (in a variety
gray
of
the whole.
the demise
continue
This of
to appear
tury (e.g., 13 in D 12:2, 8 in the middle much
of
elsewhere establishment
this material
1987,
in
residual.
p.
115.
suggests
the
shape in
to other
comparison a shift
itself.
deposits
types:
23 of
in 2nd- century deposits in the
the
gray
source
of unguentaria numbers of the shape
Significant near laid down
the
end
of
the
cen
fill of D 11:4, 12 in the lower fill of D 11:3), though The
at Stobi, where ca. in 50 B.C.112
destroyed
112. Anderson-Stojanovic
be
may
is documented
examples
of this span are gray (56%), while
unguentaria
make
fewer
however,
continued they made
manufacture up
part
of fusiform of
the
debris
unguentaria a from potter's
156
VESSELS
478 462 482
413
[5] [8]
[6]
the
fusiform
known
of
transition
date
this
of
bulbous
the
that
Capacities
been
range 1st century.114
of
[5]
of different
unguentaria
was
2 and 5 ca. 112 and 110 cc
Categories Capacities
dates
same
the
with
capacities
bulbous unguen by the pear-shaped a.d. The 1st century evidence for the and Berlin.113 The bulbous reviewed by Anderson-Stojanovic contexts of sites in several well-dated and other of the burials
Athens
burials
replaced of the
have
may
for
behind,
lagged
are relatively
at the Agora
unguentaria
century then,
has
at a wide
is found
shape last third
cc
unguentarium and deposits
from
450
[6] [2]
[3]
Categories 2, 3, and 6 Capacity ca. 18 cc
17. Comparison
Eventually tarium, well
475 420
431
[2]
Categories 5, 6, and 8 14 Capacity ca.
Illustration
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
the
contexts
earliest
for
late: E 15:3, laid down at the end of the 1st
P 5827), and Robinson's (P 5826, Group at Athens the fusiform shape persisted
ca. a.d.
F, deposited
most
throughout
It is possible, 1st century.
20.115
of
the
a range
of
and Sizes ca.
3 to 176
cc,116
and some incomplete pieces would have held much more (401-403, 405, 406). About of the measurable pieces held between ca. 3 and 22 cc. This figure is slightly misleading
70% be
of
Measurement
cause designed focused
a
the
149
of
capacities
intact
were of large pieces larger number to hold small amounts. Attempts we may on grave where groups, at a
acquired
time
single
113. Anderson-Stojanovic Berlin 59-60, where
II. 1, pp.
in Jerusalem originated made there.
in
and
1987, suggests imitation
for
a
single
broken, to detect
Tel Anafa 110-114; pp. that the shape may have vessels of blown-glass
Berlin 146) andAnderson (TelAnafall.l,p.60,n. to a number of (1987, p. 113, n. 41) draw attention is for the shape. Anderson-Stojanovic earlier contexts that bulbous may have been produced unguentaria
reported
persuaded as early as the 2nd intrusive
the
in earlier
century, contexts.
while
Berlin
115. P 8790, P 9084 p. (AgoraV, footed version first an unusual
believes
15, nos. of the
them
but
to be
F 49, F 50, pi. 2), for which shape,
it is true
were
that most
unguentaria have capacities
in their
patterns
reasonably purpose.
114. Both Stojanovic
gave
unguentaria
that
conjecture Anderson-Stojanovic
the
usually were
unguentaria was able to find
no
1965, p. 22, no. 13, fig. 12, and p. 26, fig. 28, from ca. 80 and 50 B.C. (for dated between the Antikythera Wreck, the date see p. 4). in mea to M. B. Wallace for his assistance 116.1 am grateful indicate The figures of Agora the capacity unguentaria. suring
cf. Edwards
maximum functional
capacity,
to the
measured
rim, with
would
when
have
meniscus; been
the
somewhat
stoppered, capacity, at least twice, and only repeatable less. All pieces were measured not were measurements these should recorded. Nonetheless, as accurate to more than ca. 10%. For comments be regarded on the difficulty accurate of obtaining capacity measurements, see Matheson
and Wallace
1982,
pp.
302-306.
FUSIFORM
among
pattern unguentaria
from
unguentaria are at Asine118
not
the Agora
(427, 430, 454) held
stoppered,
these
would
pieces
157
at Stobi,117 and the figures presented The three from convincing. unguentaria
graves
very have
held
This
be merely however, may, Grave K on Lenormant Street
somewhat
less, but
for by Fossey pyre P 6:6 in
two halves and a whole. When
17, 19, and 38 cc, suggesting
one third of a kyathos
accommodated
UNGUENTARIA
two
the
ones
smaller
could
(15 cc), the larger one two-thirds of a kyathos
coincidental.
The
have
(30 cc).
much
of unguentaria from group larger no coherent of of six the intact 26 present pattern capacity;119 ca. 21 cc, but there was an almost ca. held continuous of from 10 to 28 range pieces capacity cc. seem to occur in two same sometimes vessels with the is, Unguentaria capac pairs?that are sometimes not found their to do conform known ancient ity together120?but capacities of measure. units
of Other
Unguentaria
Fabrics
was
Perfume
all around the Mediterranean,121 and each manufacturer have would produced needed containers for his product. if scents were not made Even there have been would locally, to for demand small containers in bulk. It is therefore frequent perfumes package imported not were made a wide that some ceramic in of fabrics. On sites, unguentaria surprising variety of the imported unguentaria Early Hellenistic period other local industries exist from the cases, beginning seems ever to have local industry developed.124 Except to define
ficult
these
were
developed the earliest years of the period, more and fabric?the crucial
mately while
or
photographs
the fabric may
sometimes if we
be necessary a
of
profiles
be identified are
later replaced In by local ones.122 no the period,123 while elsewhere in a few rare cases, it has proven dif
of
nor can we determine with whether industries, certainty they or we local products bulk Once imports. proceed beyond rare as a criterion; to useless close shape?with exceptions?is element for identification?cannot be distinguished from the
different
to accommodate
black-and-white
are
If one
the publications.
by eye, but scientific
has
the object
in hand,
testing on a large scale will ulti
to
these objects of manufacture. classify by place Consequently, of unguentaria have been few comparanda have published, since the essential never marker is almost in described (fabric)
number
remarkably large cited in the Catalogue to allow sufficient detail comparison.
been
Domed-Mouth
Chart
(487-492) Unguentarium 19 inventoried examples (5 in deposit sample) Shape:
foot; underside Projecting central sinking and nipple
flat
31, Fig. 66, PL 54
fT> (on
small
examples)
(on large examples);
or
steeply
a
flat with
sloping
I
lower
I I
wall, high shoulder; tall, cylindrical neck flaring slightly toward top; domed
mouth,
overhanging
Size: H. 14.5-36.6 cm. \ Decoration: Date:
Gloss Ca.
inside 225
117. Anderson-Stojanovic 118. Hagg and Fossey 119. Boulter this group of capacities.
1963,
independently
p.
on
and
inside
perfumes, ingredients
\
f
^V
J
/
on exterior
of mouth,
dripping
down
neck.
\ J
to 1st century 1987,
pp.
117-118.
pp. 72-73. Wallace 126, pl. 46. Malcolm to detect and was unable 1980,
studied a pattern
120. 418 and P 7602 (from B 18:13); 465 and P 8021, 467 and P 8024, 464 and P 8030 (all from E 6:2). 121. For sites
and outside.
sources as listed by ancient of famous producers see Athenaios The 15.688e-689b; Pliny, /CV13.2.4-6. were not exotic not and did necessarily production
so it seems safe to conclude require any remarkable technology, that the manufacture of perfume was carried on For the widely. see Forbes vol. 3, pp. 26-40; Shelmerdine 1964-1972, process, 1985,
2005, pp. 11-15; Reger 122. E.g., Argos (Bruneau
VII.3,
pp. 98-99). 123. E.g., Cyprus
pp. 40-41, (Ampuriasl, 124. Labraundall.l,
pp.
(SwCyprusExp 146). pp.
257-269.
1970a,
26-27.
p. 518),
IV.3, pp.
Corinth
60-61),
(Corinth
Ampurias
158
Two unpublished from Corinth Dotterweich 1999 (Kni (C-48-12, C-66-222); examples on and bibliography from Mylasa, dos, with discussion Telmessos, Kaunos, examples Rhodes and Xanthos, [Rhodes [Nea Paphos, Lindos], Nisyros, Cyprus Palaipaphos,
Comparanda:
Ktima,
Marion,
Ormidhia,
Delos,
Corinth,
Thasos,
6.27
(Dor,
vessels
2nd near
el-'Amed, These
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
out
stand
Dor,
Kourion],
Alexandria,
Berenike,
Kommos,
Knossos,
and Tomis); Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 306, fig. 6.27:5-12, and later); Dunand and Duru 1962, p. 198, fig. 80:e
century
photo (Oumm
Tyre). the mass
from
of unguentaria
of
by virtue
their
distinctive
no
shape;
other type shares the domed top, the overhanging lip, and the sturdy, projecting foot. They are also made of a distinctive fabric: hard, buff in color (2.5YR 6/6; 5YR 6/4, 6/6; 7.5YR 7/4), and
with
inclusions few or no red, a little white, (dark gray, some angular occurs as well. of sizes in which is unusual the shape wide range
small, The
inclusions).
the subject of an exhaustive
has recently been stones
left few
for
origin
Cypriot Knidos, or
there both
in his
unturned
search
the basis of their widespread
On
other
and
of
site. not
have
across
examples
2nd century, manufacture of a bastion
has
Carian
Paphos
most
Although
domed-mouth
and Dotterweich
however, at some
Knidos
the
for
unguentarium.128 and the 3rd century,
of
two decades
and
chronology.
on the island, John Hayes
the
of
chemical
analyses this question.126 are found
Mediterranean
fill
acropolis contained
the excavator
thought
at Kaunos an
as the
in contexts
amphora a construction
handle
suggests
date
of
that
the
to the fill
points
earliest
at
from
fragments
firm
context to
close
dating within
the next
that its construction
thus concludes in 227/6. Dotterweich place earthquake and he may well be of the 3rd century, before the last quarter dates unguentarium could survive for many that is right also to point out, however, transport amphoras of and the building destruction in use, and that the lag of time between earthquake to me be context than might less firm thus seems This be quantified. tion cannot comes Polish where excavations from hint of early date, Another however, Paphos, a to a one of these be in what of unearthed appears 3rd-century unguentaria fragment followed
a
has proposed
slightly earlier.127 Dotterweich
small The
and
to resolve
is largely built of spolia, which
likely. The bastion
a severe
eastern
the
of
to its origins
The is also very common unguentarium.125 shape that the form was manufactured raised the possibility
Petrographic able yet been
for a domed-mouth the middle
clues
may have begun
the fortifications
(1999), who has
study by Ulrich Dotterweich
occurrence
sparkling The type
took
the
that
It
right. decades the bas wished. have con
text.129
shape is first found at the Agora in deposits (M 21:1, O 20:2, B 20:2, H-K 12-14), demonstrating The
ca. 180 and 165 laid down between it held was that whatever commodity
a stony inside sediment into Athens noting by that time. Guz-Zilberstein, imported remnants of the at that this found of the many Dor, suggests represents examples like other that these believes contents.130 their vessels, however, Dotterweich, unguen A concentration of oil. were and for the well taria, perfumed pouring shipping designed to the west of the Agora southeast in the area of domed-mouth square, just unguentaria area same in which the is for this suits this supposition, of the Panathenaic general Way,
being some
perfumed oil was marketed pp. 139-140). 125. Paphos III, p. 68. 126. Dotterweich 1999, 127. Dotterweich contexts
of published 128. Dotterweich
(1999,
pp. pp.
in the 4th century and the Early Hellenistic
no. 51, (p. 55, pi. 20). catalogue see Schmaltz 1991, pp. 137-143.
43-44. 6-30)
unguentaria 1999, p. 12; he
reviews
the stratigraphic
in detail. includes
the object
in his
For
the excavator's
1995b, p. 86, no. Papuci-Wladyka 1995a, 247; 67, p. 249. pp. Papuci-Wladyka 130. Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 306. 129.
(see above,
period
20,
pi.
account,
2,
see
also
UNGUENTARIA
FUSIFORM
Other Unguentaria 45
inventoried
(493-524) examples
was made?most
shape
The
examples. of the fabric
distinctions are
of which
characteristics
identifying
the
second,
and, that deviate
pieces I consider
Pis. 54-57
66-68,
Figs.
to draw meaningful
It is difficult
159
significantly the unguentaria
first
decoration.
The
a
this
or a very few and quality
single the color
considered
group
in which
fabrics
at the Agora by only are, first, gray series
represented of the
striped from
the many
by eye among
consists
of
are unusual
in
below
norms.
these
that, while
the
carrying
stripe
decoration,
(493) is closely similar to the gray 407 in shape or fabric. A late-4th-century unguentarium shape, but ismade of a fine, red fabric and decorated with thin, black-gloss lines. Itmay be small-scale
another
center.
different
of
imitation
and Talcott
Sparkes
at a but produced vessels, pseudo-Cypriot to in Corinthian graves, comparison unguentaria
the blister-ware drew
but those are of quite different fabrics.131 Three vessels (494-496), with hollow lower bodies, are similar in shape to gray unguentaria of the 3rd century. One (494) is fired a dark maroon, unlike ware.
at the The any other piece Agora. All the other decorated unguentaria
two are fired
other have
solid
like normal
buff, rather bodies. The
lower
Attic
fine
of assigning
difficulty
origins iswell illustrated by 497, fired buff with red gloss stripes, and with a distinctive high shoulder and widely spreading foot; parallels exist, however, both in the East and the West (see catalogue a member of
and so give no entry), the gray series, except
instead gray unguentaria a late
intrusion
supported and
the pronounced bulbous 500 stands Absence
There have
or
of stripes
is another
of
source.
The
latter
is not
is
alternative
golden mica,
in the gray series. The extremely too here mica is present. shape: golden out for separating from the gray series. unguentaria
criterion
found
is very fugitive, and also that a potter might well
that the white pigment
to this minimal forgotten apply close between fairly similarity striped some internal of among consistency
some
in its very long, thin, solid stem. It is either
in the fabric. 499 also contains
its body
decoration
simply
times
its origin. 498 would be taken for probably It comes from Group B, but resembles
a different
from
originates
fleck of golden mica
wheel-ridging out for its unusual
is the difficulty
of
clue
its context.
for
of the later 2nd century
in the group
by a possible
clear
and
from
stripeless
to time;
time
and
But
examples.132
the
is some
there
there
seems
to be
are they presented a chestnut fired fabric, (501-503) separate brown with dark gray patches. to 501 is similar con and probably gray unguentaria 3rd-century with them. it would be accounted late in the gray series because of 502, although temporary its solid stem, must in the 3rd century, also date since it was found in A. Thompson's Group here
as a
The
third example its fabric
context; is made
series,
504-506)
tury. The
stripes?an
131. Agora XII, pp. 76-78.
pis. fabrics
is less micaceous
of
are
than
that of
fairly
of firing. argument
in fabric
consistent
the other
two. A
Insofar
as can
slip.
series larger be deduced
that
found the
with series
another should
(no.
of be
of unguentaria from the small
that of the standard parallels gray omitted mistake. Nine by examples in date from the 3rd to the 2nd cen
development was simply and range
lighter and that of 507 is very orange,
508 was
Corinth p. 340, under no. 1490; they compare nos. 491-10 and and 495-7, 11, 469-16, See Pemberton of the 1985, p. 284, for an analysis these pieces, which as Corinthian she identifies (?)
291-293,
and
stripeless unguentaria, share a fine, micaceous
(503) may be dated no later than the early 2nd century on the basis of
slip of 508 ismuch
a chance
simply white
XIII,
Three
a brown of gray fabric with or buff a dozen), of their (about examples and it is possible that the decoration
number
(e.g.,
series.
closely combined
496-16),
blister
in both
similar with
ware
(nos.
cases perhaps
that does bear shape the gray one. Larger
491-10,
495-7),
and
gray
un
fabric
(no. 491-11). guentarium 132. For example, 511, without to P 31400, which and fabric profile
is closely stripes, has clear white
similar stripes.
in
160
gray
without
unguentaria
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS are
stripes
in six examples
preserved
a
gesting
source.
single
mica
Golden
a feature
is also
of
there
is
frequently with golden mica (e.g., 516, 517), possibly sug enormous
the
and
509-513),
(e.g.,
one large example lacking slip as well as stripes (514). are fired orange (515-518), A few undecorated unguentaria in the fabric. All have solid stems; three have a high shoulder
from
519,
F
Group
and probably dating in the 1st century. from M 21:1 (520) ismade of a yellow fabric similar to that of the A single unguentarium the radish jar 541. Also pale in tone is 521, the foot of a large vessel with incised decoration; is uncertain, shape Three unguentaria,
it could
but
two
be
small
an
from
one
and
unguentarium. very
have
large,
are
all
and
necks,
glazed
fired
at was found in the western necropolis pink (522-524). An exact parallel for the large 524 a so itmay be Ambracia,133 product of the northwest. 522 finds parallels in Italy,134which is its source.
probably
oil also
Imported
in vessels
Athens
reached
CONTAINERS
OIL AND UNGUENT
OTHER
other
The
than unguentaria.
blister-ware
aryballoi
of Corinth have already been discussed (pp. 136-137). To these we can add a variety of minia ture amphoras imitating large transport amphoras in shape (525-531), as well as amphoriskoi from Phoenicia (532-540) and radish jars (541), perhaps also from the Levantine coast. Smaller of a variety
vessels
of forms
Amphoras
Miniature 7 inventoried
mon drian
(8 in deposit
amphoras, to the end
down
amphoras for
have
occasionally Only In graves contexts.137 they may
were
objects
133. Andreou 134. Lo
in height
ranging
Porto
of
and Andreou 1966,
pp.
trade,
1997, 188-189,
ca.
from
15 to 35
of placing
for
their
p. 90, pi. 66:8. no. 3, fig. 39 (Metapon
1976, p. 207, fig. 69 (Ancona); Meligunis-Lipara half of 1st century), from tomb 10 (second II, p. 9, pi. CCXIV:9, from tomb 126 (Late Hellenistic). and p. 46, pi. CCXL5, and Patsiada 135. Giannikouri 1994, p. 111. For their use as tum); Mercando
see, e.g., Daux 1967, p. 768, fig. 7; Giannikouri, goods, and Philimonos 1989, pis. 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, Patsiada, 1990, pis. 81:5, 82:5, 83:a; Gi 51, 57, 60, 62, 64, 65; Patsiada and Philimonos 1990, pis. 87, 91, 93, 96; Patsiada, annikouri, and Giannikouri 238:y; Giannikouri 1994, p. 304, pis. 236:5, Patsiada 45, B'2 [1995]), (1990 1994, p. 113, fig. 7; ArchDelt grave
p. 480, pi. 242:y, 243:a, y. 136. Breccia 1912, p. 90, no. 275, fig. 52 (Chatby necropolis); and Adriani Adriani 1952a, p. 26, fig. 21:2, 1940, pi. XLVL4, fig. 70:2, 1952c, p. 43,
142,
are
cm,
a
com
strikingly
inmore
occurring
full-sized
show
the Agora in the context
from
presumably
Adriani 1952b, p. (Hadra necropolis); pi. V:l Also Adriani 16, pi. LV:3 (Plinthine necropolis). context. not in a necropolis pi. XXVIII:4,
Pl. 58
68,
limited
are also not uncommon in Alexan They period.135 almost been elsewhere, exclusively reported they as containers for like unguentaria, have served,
refer to the custom
The in graves.138 examples but also functioned the grave,
only
in Chart 31 (p. 234).
Fig.
of the Hellenistic
oil; or they may
or medicines.
ointments,
unguents,
sample)
cemeteries.136
perfumed
contained
grave goods of the 4th and 3rd centuries,
feature of Rhodian
in funerary
they
(525-531)
examples
or miniature
numbers
have
may
ranges of some of these shapes are presented
The chronological
Small
(542-554)
137.
such
that
of daily contents.139
not made that
indicate
also
life. They
transport
were
vessels
on Leukada in graves (Andreou example, B'l (ArchDelt37, 148:oc) and at Palaia Epidauros
For
p. 203, pi.
p. 88, pi. 45:a),
(1989)],
or fractional
ChoraTriphylias
[Messenia]
1994, [1982
(ArchDelt
29, B'2 [1973-1974 (1979)], p. 318, pi. 200:p), Pydna (Kotitsa 2004,
p. 201, pi. 63:5), Metapontum a 5th-century example), 1976-1977, p. 168, nos.
including and Riley
(Carter 1998, and Berenike
pp.
715,
729,
(Dent, Lloyd, a sa 11). From
99, 100, fig. context: Miller 1982, p. 26, pi. 10:f funerary on the from a deposit at Nemea). A fragment of Zeus (Sanctuary comes from in Athens, of the Acropolis South however, Slope context to be a largely secular what appears (Vogeikoff-Brogan 2000, p. 317, no. 63, fig. 21). cred,
though
common
138. A chaelides
practice
on Cyprus,
for
example:
that probably nos. 14-15,
served
see Mi
1990.
139. For purpose, 189.
not
similar
see Hayes
glass
vessels
1975,
pp.
33-37,
the
same
pis.
188,
OIL AND UNGUENT
OTHER
CONTAINERS
161
There is considerable variety in these vessels, which probably come from different sources. The rolled rim of 525 and the peg toe of 526 (hollow instead of solid, although that would not
have
been
ca.
The
other
10 and
of
from
shape
of Rhodian
the
the Early Hellenistic of the same otherwise
are
rim,
Amphoriskos
14 inventoried
or rounded
foot
between probably from Rhodian and
heights
examples different 531, despite the same fabric; both
sample)
treat come
^"~*
or flattened
toe of variable
form; slender to toe; thin tapering
ff=f VV/
neck, slightly flaring to top; rim outwardly thickened or beveled; very thick handles approximately round in section from shoulder
) 1
body with
to neck,
thick walls,
joined
sometimes
wheel-ridged,
to body.
carelessly
II. 1, p. 86, no.
Alt-Agina
687, pis.
W~f\ Vy
/
^w 1
I
\
Size: H. 19.0-26.7 cm. \ / Date: Mostly ca. 180 to 1st century, with one earlier example \ Comparanda:
in Late Hellenistic
Chart 31, Figs. 69, 70, Pis. 58, 59
(532-540)
(13 in deposit
examples
Narrow
Shape:
530 and period.140 as well as of shape
are
Both
amphoras.
contexts.
Hellenistic
Phoenician
smaller, original on toe of 527 is paralleled
amphoriskoi button angular
wine
they were found
their
of
graves
Late
the
are
five
16 cm. The
Alexandrian ment
reflect
but would have been close to 30 cm in height;
incomplete, contexts.
to the viewer)
apparent
I
1996, p. 35, no.
53, 54; Hausmann
i
\
68, pl. 14 (Olympia); Bruneau 1970b, p. 253, nos. D 150-D 152, pl.
jjf
first third of 1st century); Marcade 1953, p. 602, fig. 99:a 2000, p. 314, pl. 158:(3 (Ambracia); (Delos, early 1st century); Aggeli Lilimpaki-Akamati nos. 1994, pp. 160, 186, 183, 318, fig. 60, pl. 23 (Pella); Tarsusl, p. 239, no. 358, fig. 143 to 1st (mid-2nd Paphos III, p. 66, no. 3, fig. XXV:3, century); pl. XIIL2-4; TelAnafall.l, nos. PW semifine with many additional 69-76, pp. 56-57, pl. 11, tapered amphoriskos, 45
(Delos,
parallels,
mostly pl. 114:b
from
the Levant,
but
also
Guz-Zilberstein
from
Syria and Mesopotamia;
Regev
2000,
6.31 (Dor, fig. 6.29:1-6, photo and later); Gitin 34:28 1990, pp. 76-77, 245, pl. 1947, (Gezer); Wampler Fischer and Tal 1999, p. 240, fig. 5.14:6 p. 183, no. 1731, pl. 75 (Tell en-Nasbeh); (Apol near Tel Kloner, Regev, and Rappaport lonia-Arsuf); 1992, p. 33, fig. 10:1-3 (Zaa'quqa, Belov imitations of the form); 1962, p. 169, fig. 31 (Chersonesos, Maresha); possibly Parovich-Peshikan 81:1 Black Bucovala 1974, p. 87, fig. (Olbia, 1967, pp. 40 Sea); p. 223, 2nd century
(Akko);
1995,
p. 308,
41, no. 30:c, pp. 47,48, no. 33:k, p. 57, no. 37:b, p. 72, no. 45:a, pp. 75, 77, no. 47:e, pp. 85 Trere 86, no. 52:c, p. 130 (Tomis); Chiaramonte 1984, p. 177, pl. 111:21 (Pompeii). Ten
vessels
of the
standard
version
of
the
shape
described
above
have
been
inventoried
at the
four more
are of the same series but differ in (e.g., 535-540); (e.g., 532-534) clearly as discussed are below. same these all of the fabric. This is details, variations, Despite usually to the touch, with soft and gritty or amber inclusions there rounded, gray (sea sand?); shiny, are also red and white no in but mica. The form of the and the amounts, grits varying body are handles but there is considerable variation thick, characteristic, sloppily applied highly
Agora
in the
treatment
that
the vessel
according
of rim
and
at Tel Anafa
Excavations
foot.
at produced in the Levant.141
originates to Berlin, originates
on
least The
the Phoenician
140. Patsiada Adriani 1990, pis. 81 :y, 83:a, 82 (Rhodes); 1952b, p. 142, fig. 70:2, 16, pi. LV:3 (Alexandria). 141. Tel Anafa II.l, pp. 55-56. see pp. 222-223, 142. TelAnafall.l, 7, for pp. 9-10; sample
159
of
examples there
examples coast.142
a
This
this are of
a shape, good the semifine
fabric
may
be
indication fabric
identical
that, with
of a sample of an amphoriskos. For petrographic description further discussion of the ware, its distribution, and the implica tions of that distribution, see Berlin 1997.
VESSELS
162 that of ESA, area whence unguent to Athens. Athens,
the
Slane
the
Although
Berlin
originate
various
century
sake
The
of
on
for
that
were
they
the
the form,
earliest
contents
their
imported in the East, is from shape examples even the Black and the Sea, Italy illustrate
of
cities
contexts
the published 1st century.
to the
In any event, the general them with the Phoenician
coastal source.143 Syrian is clear. Berlin associates
for the obviously concentration greatest
Pella, Olympia, their export.
summarizes
the 2nd
a north
favors
amphoriskoi and it was
industry,
Aigina, of range
wide
of
for which
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
which of
examples
the
from the range standard form
third
quarter at the Agora
come from deposits laid down around 175, pushing the initial date upward. These earliest pieces (e.g., 535, 536) have a distinctive rim, sloping down to the exterior like a standard
Hellenistic
thickened
rim,
of
part
the neck
concave
convex
and
be very
may
concave
slightly
(537, 538) deposited
to the exterior.
On
and
these
is either plain or embellished
the bottom
deposits,
is usually
and
the upper
is strongly concave. Two examples
a different
have
and
rim,
unguentarium
The underside
to the
inside.
at least 25 years later on
from
pieces
Late
only by a slight projection,
these differences truly have any chronological a small to say from such sample. impossible one with a a narrow, two varieties, between toe, the other with pointed underneath.
Whether
is
however, significance, Berlin distinguishes
base. Most of the Agora examples fall into one of these two classes, but four (e.g., have a wider foot, enabling them to stand unaided. On one of these (532) the rim
flattened 532-534)
rather
is overhanging well amples,
than the
before
stage to be
in the development to their attributed
to be
a Roman
of
end of
the
the
3rd
it earlier places and itmay be that
century, The peculiarities
shape. size. Because
of
the
amphoriskos,
the
fabric,
form
of
of
than 532
any
of
ex
the other
an earlier
represents are
the other
examples probably 533 was originally thought in is common however,
its wheel-ridging,
larger context. in its 2nd-century intrusion and this vessel has Levant, although
the Hellenistic Phoenician
Its context
thickened.
Wheel-ridging, a much than larger capacity the rim, and the characteristic
the
standard
haphazard
attachment of the handles indicate that it belongs to the same tradition. Large capacity also 534 and a twin found with it in a lst-century deposit (Group F); it differs from distinguishes the
the shape,
though a more
to suggest Athens.
in its wider
form
standard
and
date
precise
examples
the
marks
of
the Phoenician
short, wide
from
amphoriskos
neck;
mouth
funnel
with
/
V
/ ^k
1
Size: H. > 26.0 cm. L I Date: Comparanda:
Ca.
300-250
Singer-Avitz
V1989,
M p. 122, fig. 9.2:13,
14, pi. 60:1
VW
(Tel Michal).
This rare shape is clearly alien in fabric and may be assumed to have been imported toAthens as a commercial container. It has been identified in only two contexts, E 3:1 and H 6:9, but in both cases itwas present inmore than one example, suggesting the presence of a dealer in that
commodity
in the
immediate
area.
Both
of the first half of the 3rd century, and both 143. TelAnafall.l,
p. 272.
of
it is not possible
Y ?
sample)
Shape: Solid, cylindrical toe of varying length; wheel-ridged body tapering to toe; high shoulder; rim. thickened outwardly
appearance
Chart 31, Fig. 70, PL 60
(541)
(4 in deposit
latest
of the 1st century,
the whole
the disappearance
for
Jar inventoried
rim. This
unprofiled
covers
since that deposit
Radish 2-3
foot
deposits
contain
material
are located outside
V_ \ t V
M M M \ M
the
OTHER corner
northwest found
jars, Tel Aviv.144 The
finds.
of
are a I have similar found pair of closely parallels on the coastal at Tel Michal, north of of Israel, plain pit an to the makes of two items Agora interesting parallel together stratum excavators associate with the ismuch the IX, earlier; pit
The the Agora. in a stone-lined
together occurrence The context,
163
CONTAINERS
OIL AND UNGUENT
however,
only
It is possible, of course, that this shape had a long history; but which they date to 450-430. the fact that the Tel Michal examples are virtually identical to the Agora ones in shape, and that
no
other
have
examples
been
elsewhere,
reported
argues
contents
this. Other
against
of the pit included a small bottle, which is itself closely paralleled by another from a context of the 3rd century;145 this opens up the possibility that the pit in question may have included some
indicating
In any
material.
3rd-century
that at Athens
context
the
event,
of
Vial 5 inventoried Shape:
(none
examples High, what
solid
foot,
in deposit
rough
and
irregular,
flaring;
the Agora
is quite
examples
Chart 31, Fig. 70, PL 60
(542-544)
sample) flat underneath,
tubular
body,
from
offset
toward
tapering
somebody and top; wall thins to
/ I fJ
plain rim. JjT 7.4 cm.
Size: H.
to early 1st century century Broneer 1947, pp. 241-242, pl. 62
Date:
clear,
to the first half of the 3rd century.
the shape is restricted
2nd
Comparanda:
no. Gr 50, pl. 33; Hatzidakis
1994,
59-60,
pp.
146); Kenchreai TV, p. 22, first third of 1st century).
before probably 10 (Delos, fig.
(Corinth,
evidence of their contexts places these objects in the 2nd and early 1st century: one example was found in the building fill of the Middle Stoa, two in contexts that must predate
The the
construction
of
the
Stoa
of Attalos.
came
Another
that served as the upper fill of cistern E 6:2. Their more
micaceous
suggestions them from
have one
as containers
of for
than
is usual
in Attic
been
made
about
the wells the
in the South
red
an Attic
but
ware, their
function. Stoa
from
the
Sullan
destruction
fabric is consistently cannot
origin
Oscar
be
at Corinth, same
unearthed
that
pigment are holders that ingenious suggestion they sees them as medicine A more which strikes bottles,148 prosaic interpretation a very small amount, no more could have held than likely. They only probably so many of some pharmakon. This may have been found broken?the explain why vessel may have been off to get to its contents. deliberately snapped
One-Handled
7 inventoried
examples
The first example handle; second
(545-551)
Jugs (2 in deposit
same
painting.147 me as more a
single
dose
top of
the
Pl. 60
sample)
(545) is close to the vials discussed
it probably the served half of the 2nd century;
served
developed
70,
Fig.
of
176
have
they may Binder Judith deposit.146 for heated in encaustic rods used thought
in the
found
the
Small
out. Various
ruled
who
Broneer,
debris
fine and somewhat
function
examples
from
that
above did.
they contexts
dated
in shape, but has a single small It comes
from
on Delos
and
a
of the deposit are Samos about
contemporary.149 The forms of 548, 550, and 551 recall amphoriskoi, but the vessels definitely have only one handle. A fleck of gold mica identifies 548 as an import. Peg-toed, one-handled 144. Singer-Avitz 1989, p. 122, fig. 9.2:13,14; pi. 60:1; for the of stratum IX, see p. 115. 145. Singer-Avitz 1989, p. 122, fig. 9.2:12, pi. 60:2; the similar bottle from a 3rd-century pit (stratum V) is fig. 9.2:11. 146. Broneer 1947, pp. 241-242. date
147. Corinth VII.3,
pp.
231-232,
n. 24.
148. Kenchreai handle Talcott
are
also
IV, p. 22; interpreted
similar
tubes with
as medicine
pots
a
single
vertical
by Sparkes
and
(Agora XII, p. 230). 149. Bruneau 1970b, p. 261, nos. D 234, D 235, pi. 49 (Delos); B'2 ArchDelt^, (1973 [1977]), p. 527, pi. 497:e (Samos).
164
like it appear
somewhat
vessels
a narrower
and
containers
The
neck.150
in the cemeteries of
shape Those
at Priene.151
found
FOR OIL AND UNGUENTS
VESSELS
the bear
but with a higher
of Alexandria, of 550
lower
body manufacturer's
brings
it has
and
stamps,
shoulder
a series
to mind
been
of
small
suggested
that they contained some medicine, toiletry, or liquid delicacy of local production. 550, lacking the official stamp and apparently different in fabric, could have been made in imitation of such for a similar
vessels
are more
own,
to feet that allow them 549, with spreading A close and contemporary for parallel pitchers. on Delos, as context it has been where interpreted could have been sealed and may have served easily 547
purpose. like miniature
and
on
stand 547
their
has
been
a child's in an early-lst-century toy,152 as containers. too these vessels although to 549 has been in a 3rd-century found tomb at Palaia similar quite Epidauros,153 Something two unguentaria, of two adults, that it, the inhumation with suggesting together apparently a was some at not in form of and this contained case, too, least, unguent, plaything. found
Small
Handleless
3 inventoried
The
small
collected
pots
554
properties. with angular
some
and
ointment
for
stamped,
and
eyes) it may be
incised
on
Useful
names
known
the name
its manufacturer.154
Vessels
that
the different
was
shape
The
closest
for
containers, in both lead
of the medicine angular for different
a marker
and 554 is among
parallel
is a vessel
of
with possibly with curved
and
ceramic,
(usually
an
with
some
unguents,
and
lykion, an
are profile contents.
so
not A
few,
them: the letters XPHCTOY
the
same
from Dor, bear shape as an owner's mark; to the mark in closer
the Agora graffito is probably who Dor, published as the name that the bottle the drug who prepared of the pharmacist the inscription some the names. lurks behind if other cannot but wonder One meaning help
and
AAYTTOY.155
of
the name
(4.178).
in the nominative, It is interesting at Athens; the atypical
Chrestos
This
fact, along in debris found
with
import;
about
discarded
552 and 553. To judge the
for
sobriquets
a medical
a drug called aXvnov is in fact attested
and Dioskourides
is always the nominative.
interpreted from vessel
appropriate
Painless?though
or
Lang
the
of medicines;
27.7.22) contents
an
are
and
its shoulder.
ing the inscription but Guz-Zilberstein, reading contained.
that gives
or incised inscriptions,
however, have painted are
ones
curved
The
inscription
the
sample)
containers probably to a well-known class of small
belongs
PL 60
70,
Fig.
were
here
profiles.
have a stamped
many
(552-554) in deposit
(none
examples
three
medicinal
Pots
latter
In the
stamps
mentioned that of
the
although on that the inscription unknown it is otherwise
be
of
be
the name
however,
above,
the
(HN of
the
in the may genitive pharmacist instance the earliest 554 represents a.d.156 the 2nd century there until be
a fabric, suggests origin foreign B.C. of the 1st century the middle
from the fabric and the banded
could
also
man?could
as a laxative by both Pliny
for
the vessel, of no
I know
decoration,
the former
which
was
parallels
for
is probably
local manufacture.
150. Adriani 1936, p. 138, no. 24, fig. 58:24, p. 164, fig. 90:1, cf. also Bruneau 1970b, 1940, p. 117, fig. 53:22; 2, 9; Adriani p. 261, no. D 236, pl. 49. Raeder 151. Zahn 1984, p. 53, under 1904, pp. 428-430;
now add: to which with additional 1775-1777, bibliography, nos. 153-161, pp. 56-59, pis. 8, 81; Guz-Zilber EphesosXllhhl, stein 1995, pp. 302-303, 6.20, 6.21. 2, photos fig. 6.25:1, 155. Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 304, no. 15, fig 6.25:15, photo
no.
on inscribed has an alpha no. and D 233, 261, 49); 1970b, p. (Bruneau pl. from Syria or but probably a bottle of unknown provenience, below QPACAN0OCA the painted bears Palestine, inscription as of read the carination ["bloom copaq 1992; av0o<; (Smith
152. Hatzidakis
of
6.23.
245. 1994,
153. Proskynitopoulou see n. 19. the graves,
pp.
59-61,
2000,
10.
fig. p. 395, pl. 207:(3; for description
and AgoraXXlX, 154. See Sjoqvist 1960 for general discussion, other the For from for 198-199, stamps, Agora. examples pp. see AgoraXXlX, on containers of different p. 424, nos. shapes,
the
In addition,
a bottle
from Delos
shoulder
30 [obols]). youth"] 156. LGPN2, p. 479,
s.v. Xp^axoq.
6
WARE
COOKING
CHYTRAI The
a
chytra,
deep,
often
pot
globular
a modern
resembling
stewpot
in its
has
proportions,
a long history in Greek lands. It iswell represented at the Hellenistic Agora, with fragments of nearly 500 counted in the deposit sample (see Chart 16). The many points of variation them, among of this material. may rim
however, Vessels
be oriented
vertically
form
have
been
one
for the presentation scheme satisfactory in the latter those handles case, two, and, on others Some have plain the rims, while chytrai a lid. as does and links fabric, vary, Proportions
over
some
or
handle
horizontally. to accommodate
grooved cross may
flanged between vessels
a
to devise
it difficult have
may or
or
is
similar
make
of
these
grouped
as
As much
boundaries. occur
when
possible,
of
vessels
in
have
together; they they multiple examples, as instances been have treated number; given single miscellany. are difficult to make Because distinctions between vessels local and imported with certainty, no division between Attic and non-Attic has been A of forms number rigorous attempted. as we are to of the assemblage, correct and them however, emerge, typical probably regard as of Attic manufacture: primarily a form
been
One-handled,
lidless
One-handled, Two-handled,
fancy handles (Forms 2 and 3) lidded (Form 5 and perhaps Form 6)
Two-handled,
baggy (Form 10)
Two of these
1)
(Forms 1 and 5) developed less numerous:
the others ments.
(Form
(significantly All were manufactured
from their Classical
naturally
predecessors,
while
see Chart
in local
or innovations 17) were Hellenistic experi the most distinctive of which is Schist cooking
fabrics,
fabric. a is also, however, of other each remarkably large number shapes, represented by one or, at most, a few most of and them made of fabrics that differ only examples, signifi ware. from the mass of local cooking of these may have been made Some in the wider cantly of while others have been from further It afield. is Attica, may that, region imported striking are in fact more within the inventoried material, numerous these than chytrai of standard There
Attic forms. A survey of pottery an artifact because
excavators cataloguing; were so common, while they
can be observed (a category and almost
in the deposit
of
that all of
from Chart includes those
inventoried
18, for instance,
all variants have
tended they
been
of the very common percentage the inventory, and even fewer
the each
suggests
standard instance
that this is in part
as chytrai uninteresting of an unusual shape.
that nearly half of all identified
represented in the included
and into
sample, however, to dismiss
homogeneous the Catalogue.
in
have
been
It
"other" chytrai
inventoried, a small time, Catalogue; only 1 and 5 have found Forms their way into It is worth that however, perhaps noting, single
examples) at the
same
166
COOKING
WARE
i-
700
=-i
Deposit sample
Inventory
Catalogue
600-?
500-H 400-H-H 300-H-H 200-H-H
-.
1_
:rr_ Chytra Chart
Pan
Lopas
16. Cooking-pot
in
types
xr
deposit
sample,
and
inventory,
200 -i-,
_
Brazier/Cooking stand
^
Catalogue
.,
,
__,,
ii
I Deposit sample D Inventory |
160?H 140?H 120?H 100?H 80 ?H-h
60?H-H 40 ?H?i-H
20 -m-m^f~~M M
' ?i
0 I
Form 1 Chart
M~~1 , Form 2 17. Local
i
Form 3 in
forms
chytra
_
Form 5 deposit
M~H? ,
-L^-? sample
Form 6 and
Form 10
inventory
this phenomenon is not so marked the lopades Chart 19, p. 179); not only among (compare a is the variety of forms but unclassified variants make far smaller of the less, up percentage to Athens It seems, whole. that chytrai were from elsewhere with then, greater transported was case for than the regularity lopades.
and lidless chytrai are present in approximately (in the deposit equal numbers as to state lidded The of the material makes 247 lidless). summary, 223 fragmentary opposed Lidded
to
it difficult ones
produce among
slightly;
the deposit sample ferences reflect may remain speculative.
tinguished wider,
between lidded
mostly
1. Bats
1988,
pp.
45-48.
hard
figures, inventoried
but
one-handled
examples
chytrai are the numbers
seem
to outnumber
about
equal, forms.
of one-handled suggest slightly larger numbers at functional this ones, any suggestion point although in his study of cooking Michel vessels from Olbia Bats,
pots with narrower, mostly ones
(such
as Forms
5-9).l
lidless mouths He
reserves
two-handled
but These
term
formal
to this effect in Provence,
(such as Forms the
the data
"chytra"
from dif must dis
1 and 10) and for
the first
167
CHYTRAI -i-
200
-n
Deposit sample 180 fm-
Inventory
Catalogue
=f
160I -
140I -j 120I -
100 I -=
11
10
1
23456789
Other
Form 18. Chytra
Chart
group,
used
to ancient
(according
in
forms
deposit
sample,
for boiling
testimonia)
meat
Catalogue
and
in water,
vegetables
cooking pots with wider,
soup, and thick purees. To the two-handled
porridge,
and
inventory,
for
lidded mouths
more for braising he believes, commonly and is not always easy to make, however, or of form to task, was ever a In to form, I wonder if such strict application of name reality. term I the for all have retained the lead of Sparkes and Talcott, any event, "chytra" following 1-3 that they of Forms The vertical handle forms of the deep suggests pot. cooking single, were for and in part designed thus have well for pouring; served water, boiling they would as in the kitchen. as well in the context of bathing used they may have been term KaKKa(3r|, a vessel used, the ancient applies formal distinction of stews. The and the preparation
he
Form Lidless
Chytra, One-Handled,
40 inventoried examples
i
:
Charts
17, 18, 32, Figs. 71, 72, Pis. 61, 62
(555-573)
(182 in deposit sample)
(fl
I
(
Shape: Rounded underside; rounded body of varying profile; slightly J outturned rim; strap handle from shoulder to rim. \ |
\ J
cm (with a few outliers). Diam. 10.0-25.0 9.0-21.0, Ca. 550 to early 1st century Kera Braun 1970, p. 155, no. 180:1, pl. 70 (Dipylon Well Bx, AbschnittVLII, 190-150); meikos XN, p. 45, no. 40:1, pl. 41 (ca. 325), p. 115, no. 111:1, pl. 49 (before 317/307), no. and Sackett 115:1, pl. 50 (shortly before 1973, 317/307); p. 116, Jones, Graham,
Size: H. Date: Comparanda:
ca. 325-275); 1994 (Thorikos); Straetman p. 386, nos. 104-107,109, fig. 11, pl. 74 (Vari, no. before 186 Schmid 2000, p. 366, 53, pl. 261); EretriaX, (Eretria, p. 194, no. 354, half of 4th to first half of 3rd century); 1994, (second Lilimpaki-Akamati fig. 241 pp.
122-123,
no.
7, pl.
1 (Pella);
Drougou
and Touratsoglou
1980,
pp.
73, 87, 89, 99,
ioo, n 1444, n 1446, n 1448, n 2111, n 2114, n 2132, n 2168, n 2162, pis. 49,57,63 (Veroia); p.
113, no.
V, p. 227, no. 838, pl. 173 (before 56, pl. 61:5 (Eion, first half of 3rd century);
Olynthus
348); Nikolaidou-Patera Karadema 1997, p. 383,
1994, no. 1,
COOKING
168
WARE
of 2nd Stobi I, p. 133, no. 1125, pi. 131 (last quarter first third of 1st century); Bruneau 1997, p. 310, pi. 231 :y (Delos, century); Peignard no. 1st D first third Hatzidakis 48 of 2004, 258, 214, pi. 1970b, p. (Delos, century); no. wreck, 33, figs. 26, 29 (Antikythera 1965, p. 25, p. 648, pi. 316:(3 (Delos); Edwards no. of 84 first first half of 1st century); 50, pi. 1992, p. 101, (Knossos, quarter Callaghan 287:oc
286:oc,
pis.
(Samothrace);
p. 182, no. Al:13, p. 165, no. 89,
Sackett 3rd century); 1992, and Riley 1976-1977, Lloyd,
late 1st century);
126 (Knossos, 10 (Berenike,
pi. fig.
2nd-lst
Dent,
century).
batterie de of the longest ancestry in the Athenian This simple vessel holds the distinction cuisine. Its history inAthens can be traced back through the common chytra of the Classical and Archaic period to the cooking jug of even earlier times. What Sparkes and Talcott term common
"chytra,
For century.2 than in height,
in its canonical had type," developed a two next the form half centuries the and a constricted
with
neck
into the early years of the Hellenistic and
275
bodies.
(e.g.,
555,
an
and
contexts,
556). Contemporary 557 and 558 retain
the
in deposits
and is found
period
these,
Among
of the 6th form by the third quarter in is fairly low, much diameter larger it continued rim.3 In this guise outturned also
however,
rather
with
of
mouth
constricted
dating between
contain
325
deeper form,
chytrai the Classical
and they are made in Classical cooking fabric. 559 and 560, however, have a wider opening, which becomes standard in the Hellenistic period;4 they are also in the grittier fabrics typical of that period. 560 comes from well F 11:2, which contained part of the Tholos Debris that was probably discarded in 294. This date finds remarkable support in the context of a closely similar
chytra
at Thorikos,
which
the hoard has been dated deeper shape, Hellenistic
then,
can
chytrai
of
to 295 on numismatic
be pinpointed this form are
for a hoard
as the container
served
around
end as
nearly
usually
of
high
silver
of
burial
coins;
grounds.5 The origins of this
and historical the
of
the 4th as
they
century. are wide;
a few
of
lat
the
est have a height that is larger than the diameter. The shape of the body varies considerably. A baggy profile (561) and one with a slightly squared shoulder (563, 564) are documented for the later 3rd and early 2nd century. Several chytrai found in contexts of the first half of this feature occurs also on the 2nd century have a distinct, nearly vertical neck (565-567); in the 2nd century lidless cooking pot (Chytra, Form 10) that originated the two-handled on a to area is found 567 and 569, from rim A vertical only (cf. 631). fairly sharp lip running on Form 10 chytrai (cf. 631 of the late 2nd or 2nd-century contexts; this too is found also early plicity, come
occur in deposits few examples Very seem to have not of the chytra does Macedonia. and Delos, Attica,
1st century). this form from
later than 86.6 Despite dating most close been widespread;
its sim parallels
Most of these chytrai measure between 10 and 25 cm in diameter and 9 and 21 cm in height, with a few outliers (P 4460, larger; 571 and 572, smaller). Most of the large examples date in the first half of the Hellenistic period. Thereafter various two-handled forms (Forms 5, 7, 8) replace seem not
it as tools
in shape, and ware,
to have is made
for
of
the preparation
been
produced of a soft ware
after
that more
that of a small
that matches
Form
large meals; ca. 165. One
Form
closely 1 pan
small resembles (686)
1 chytrai
over
ca.
13 cm
(573), though example than fabric household with
found
in height the same
cooking it in its early-lst-century
context.
Abundant are
commonly
use was made visible
2. AgoraXIl, p. 224. 3. See AgoraXIl, pl. 93, for 4. Cf. also P 2884 (Thompson
on
of the
the wheel interior
wall,
wheel
lines
of a final
5. Bingen
the whole
of
in the manufacture
sequence. 1934, p. 325, no. A 57, fig. 8) and P 28075 1974, p. 236, no. 51, pl. 33), from G 13:4 (Miller F 16:8, also of this period. (Group A) and
1973,
these
wheel
stewpots:
appear
wet-smoothing p. 7, fig.
1; for
the date,
see pp.
ridges on the
18-21.
6. Two (P 7975 from R 13:1 and P 18876 from S 21:1) come from similar
that are largely Augustan, deposits ones and are probably to earlier
but residual.
they
are
closely
CHYTRAI
169
wall bear witness and temper tracks on the lower exterior exterior, upper are of this part of the vessel. Marks of the wheel, however, rarely visible on some of the the underside and underside, (smooth, appearance chytrai
or slightly concave
P 11676)],
of a slab, placed and wall on one
the pot was made tween underside Use
of
the vessels
of burnt
by bottom
the
have
may
sooting, of the
and pot.
is found only occasionally also
but may
be
traced
to the fact
on
A
wheel-trimming the floor or
yet
almost
on the interior; this ismost was
the
also
meals, chytra to fire from place Hell. The wall the handle is more 4.5.4). (Xen. opposite place areas of the wall, darkened than other the pot would because probably regularly over from the handle, the fire, when stirred the cook it or inspected away tipped
One-Handled
Other
6 inventoried These
Chytrai
(574-578)
of
abrupt join this procedure. shock has often
from
thermal repeated are The undersides
that
[565,
irregular
be
somewhat
resulted
the
that the bottom
suggests
or form.
a mold
(P 13489)
chytra attested
of
gray or black, but darkening
[P 14174, P 19714])
or over
within
is abundantly
in the disintegration
resulted
result
at the center
to
always
likely the to carry
used
frequently have been its contents.
72, PL 62
Fig.
examples vary
pieces
from
significantly
the norm
described
above.
A
but
fragmentary
very
large
example (574) has a remarkably broad strap handle (its great size may have required that the like a similarly large and baggy Late Classical piece have two); the wall is vertically burnished, a somewhat and Talcott.7 Context suggests by Sparkes of the 3rd century. flat bottom, The biconical profile, two is distinctive; been have both from inventoried, examples
later
chytra published the second half of 575
and
in for 574, brittle fabric
date
thin,
contexts,
3rd-century
and the fine, sparkling fabric marks them as imports. 576 has a lightly flanged rim, designed to receive a lid; a fleck of golden mica in the fabric suggests it is an import and context places it in the late 4th or early 3rd century. Another the is unusual in import, poorly preserved 577, its profiled
rim
and
the
small
that
spout
from
emerges
the
shoulder.
feature of earlier cooking pots, both chytrai and lopades,8 but were mostly Hellenistic
This unlike those Classical period. piece, spouted cooking one handle. The dark Also dark too, is unusual. gray fabric, only a its grooved common rim. The in dark gray fabric, is form, again
had with
the point early 2nd
of origin
for
this piece.
Both
of
these
pieces
come
in the
abandoned seems
pots, gray at
contexts
from
a standard
to have
is the heavy
578,
Karystos,9 possibly of the late 3rd to
century.
Chytra, One Double
Shape:
Form Lidded
Handle,
2 inventoried examples Globular cave
inside
shoulder
2: (579,
(5 in deposit sample)
Charts
580) f
fff
low, fairly narrow neck; body; as for lid; double handle with to rim, and meeting
A small number (Form
of one-handled 3,
see
below).
rim with
rim, conat rotelle arch, from \ J shouldering. outturned
chytrai have a double
This
no. 1958, 7. P 6932 (Agora XII, p. 373, pi. 94). 8. See Agora XII, fig. 18, pis. 94, 95. 9. Information from Elizabeth Langridge-Noti,
is more
who
is pub
32, Fig. 73, Pl. 62
17,18,
\ J
handle
(Form 2) or a twisted rope
treatment
than
from lishing pottery the Southern Euboia
the cistern
elaborate
j I
^-?'?
Date: Second half of 3rd century to early 2nd century? handle
were
Spouts
Exploration
one
and
might
farmhouse
Project.
expect
excavations
in
of
170 Some
kitchenware.
these
vessels
WARE
trace
lack any
of burning,
and
like the hydriai, jugs, and kadoi of cooking ware
water jugs, and
of
COOKING
Classical
Athens.10
on
Sooting
others,
makes
however,
could
they
that were it clear
have
common
that
in Archaic
were
they
as
served
over
used
the fire.
Only one complete series ware.
of
small
Both
of Form 2 is preserved.
example
and West black-gloss Slope pitchers,11 are of Schist the inventoried examples
of
Its double and may
fabric,
cooking
derive
ultimately
indicating
from
metal
that,
despite
its rarity, the form is a local product. The context of 579 shows that the form existed in context of the 2nd century century. pottery Fragments A single in production somewhat 200. fragment beyond was most and it is that this form residual, likely possible
sion (Form 3) in the 2nd century. The
single complete
that suggest a Late from
itmay have Hellenistic
replaced
the
by
in the 3rd continued context
is ver
rope-handled
to be wholly
(579) appears
example
of a
is reminiscent
handle
wheelmade.
Form Chytra, Rope Handle, One 8 inventoried Shape:
examples
Charts
3: (581-588)
Lidded
(22 in deposit
17, 18, 32, Figs. 73, 74, Pis. 62, 63
sample)
with diameter squat proportions, usually slightly or concave rim than shoulder sometimes greater height; angular; on top; rope handle to with from shoulder rim, usually grooved bosses or flanked by triangular rotelle at arch; upper attachment
Rounded
bottom;
of shouldering. lugs in imitation Diam. Size: H. 13.8-20.0, 13.9-21.4
V
my \Y J I
cm.
Date: Ca. 200-150/100 to 86); OlBerTV, late 2nd century 54, fig. 86 (Athens, Hausmann rotelle, 1996, p. 34, no. 64, pi. 12 (without 180-146); p. 73, fig. 39 (Olympia, a than rather and Katakouta 23:a 2004, p. 112, pi. (with triple Karapanou Olympia); a rope handle, and of 2nd century); second Pelinnaio quarter Drougou [Thessaly],
Vogeikoff
Comparanda:
Touratsoglou
1993,
146, no. D
p.
1980, pp. 120-122, pi. 157:oc (without
p. 241, 17 (handle only, pi. half of 2nd second 1997,
pis. 99,101
(handles Berlin
respectively); 152, fig. 14:a
p.
All certain
examples
for possibility, curs in a context
considerable of
have been found
10. AgoraXIl, 11. AgoraXXlX, 12. Berlin from
a wall
assigned
only, Veroia);
At;PXII, 1967, p. 92, no. 58:c
Mytilene);
and Ralli
Komvou
p. 44, nos.
K
118, K
119,
Tomis,
rotelle, (without nos. Cd 12, D 18, 220, 218, Tenosl, pp. Perhaps rotelle, first half of 2nd century and ca. 140/130-100, only, without and Belov 1962, 1999, p. 120, no. 102, pi. 20 (Troy, ca. 225?);
Pergamon); to 1st century?).
(form
of handle
of the form come
only, Chersonesos).
laid down
from deposits
to be made
the
popularity
after the end of the 3rd
century.
in Late Hellenistic
it was made
phase
200,
later
contexts,13 though
200-203,
to the construction
around
in the first quarter of the 2nd century, possibly
Whether
205-206, pis. 71, 72, 75, 76. nos. 511-521, fig. 38, pl. 50. pp. 129-131, comes no. The 20. 102, 120, fragment p. pl.
pp.
1999,
rotelle,
of body
out of and replacing developing remains Earlier above. however, elsewhere, appearance oc a rim of similar a rope handle form and a of part fragment preserving seems to have form about has dated Berlin at Troy 225.12 The that Andrea
a
to the middle
16 (shape
Bucovala
that it began This century. suggests form discussed the double-handled
enjoyed
fig.
of period
H2.
1993,
Five
small
they may be residual. The
continuing fragments
incomplete
was also of rim and handle fragment on the South of the Acropolis Slope deposit p. 146, no. D 54, fig. 86).
13. A Sullan
is uncertain.
small
found
in a
(Vogeikoff
CHYTRAI 586,
handle
lacking
a later
it illustrates rower
neck,
container
version
and preserving of a coin hoard
of
the
an buried
a Late
from
in proportions
just discussed
examples
comes
and mouth,
171 context.
Hellenistic
and body shape but ismade A
form.
It differs
from
similar with chytra of closely shape, though was at rim and rope handle, found Olympia successor 180 and 146.14 Another possible
upturned between
the
of local fabric; possibly a nar as the to the
form is a chytra found on Delos in the debris of an oil factory that was abandoned between 69 and the middle of the 1st century.15 It shares the rope handle, shouldering, and rim form with our vessels, but it has a narrower neck and a globular body, more like 579 of Form 2; it has
a second,
in addition
(see
and
606),
apparently
traces of wheel-work
horizontal
handle, to be dated to the
an
also
improvement 1st century. These
seen
vessels
in chytrai show more
1, and at least one example
than do chytrai of Form
of Form
7
consistent
(581)
is totally
wheelmade. across in ceramic; elsewhere here and there one comes closely paralleled a rope handle or a similar to Attica in all its components but the form is restricted profile, a to It is and perhaps of series bronze which similar, however, vessels, Olympia.16 remarkably at its arch, and even for the varia for the rope handle, the rotelle provide perfect analogies tions in body Most of these have been in the north found and, (Macedonia espe shape.17 The
is not
form
cially, Epiros), manufactured Corinth
with
cooking
pots
but Ioulia Vokotopoulou at Corinthian similar
colonies
under
here.
A
Greece.18
as close
it is not
but
features,19 consideration
that they are of Corinthian
argued in northwest
sels date in the 5th and 4th centuries, while
to the bronze is
puzzle
She
the Athenian
perhaps
clay vessel the Hellenistic
pointed as are vessels the fact
by
presented
design, to a
the bronze
that
in
ves
imitations date in the 2nd century.
a
or such vessels that has yet to be uncovered,20 longer history were over to be imitated the years, of a later date. preserved by potters a In Tomb at II was clustered bronze vessel of this with bronze Vergina, shape together a situla a in vessels used It is that this then, bathing, including containing sponge.21 possible, was comes its usual an function. Some for this from support suggestion red-figure Apulian a a a with at the arch.22 The handle with rotelle vessel, pot rope globular, single chytra-shaped the bronze
Either
shape had as heirlooms
a woman to is related attended and it is perhaps scene, scenes, showing by servants, wedding a a vessel to conceit for a such imitate than If this happier bathing equipment pot. cooking over function carried into the that such chytrai were form, we might suppose cooking-ware water. used for on The bath of observed from the normally pattern heating sooting examples this conjecture. Like of Form underneath 1, these pots are darkened supports Agora chytrai on
and
the
lower wall
the handle. Unlike the more elaborate them, however, opposite pots never on the interior. show any trace of an This would be outcome if darkening expected were used water for rather for than where overcooked meals, they normally boiling cooking on the interior food could carbonize as a wall. Use vessel account would also for the bathing more a elaborate details of the shape, never while see a diner would for, probably stewpot a to been a transferred see a bather would (its contents dish), having serving water-heating 3 chytrai, in this case, are vessels of a sort. pot. The Form serving 14. OlBerW, p. 73, fig. 39. 15. Brun and Brunet 1997,
pis.
p. 592, fig. from Delos.
16; cf. also Peignard
p. 311, pi. 231:e, also 16. Of the cited above, OlBerW, p. 73, fig. 39, comes parallels no other the closest; a rotelle. preserves example 17. With 1986, pp. 288-289, rope handle: Vokotopoulou 1984, p. 161, fig. 128 (Vitsa); Andronikos fig. 81, pis. 16,17,39,286 1997,
(high swung rope pi. 2:2 (Syracuse).
handle,
II at Vergina); but with strap handle: Tomb
Similar, nos. 9, 10, pp. 754-756, figs. and Touratsoglou sovo); Themelis 1975,
Riz
1990,
p. 36,
Vokotopoulou near Met 16, 17 (Votonosi, no. B 41, 1997, pp. 75-76,
86, 87 (Tomb 18. Vokotopoulou
B at Derveni). 1986,
p. 289; Vokotopoulou 1975,
Kouleimani-Vokotopoulou
pp.
161-163;
1975, ArchDelt
p. 756; 47, B'
(1992 [1997]), p. 154, no. 18, pi. 47:p (Thyrreion). 19. Kouleimani-Vokotopoulou 20. A somewhat similar painting pi.
would
in situ, with
the
22. Sichtermann
159, pi. 55:p. in a wall Pompeiian (Riz 1990, p. 78, no. 115, p.
pictured
this suggestion
support
37:3). 21. Andronikos
1975, vessel
pp. 161-162, fig. 128; for the objects see p. 70, fig. 31. 1966, p. 53, no. 78, pis. 136, 137.
1984, sponge,
Variants
WARE
COOKING
172
(Imported)
Two 2nd-century pots (587 and 588), one of them furnished with a rope handle, have more slender proportions than the local vessels described above, with the height exceeding the diameter. The bottom is very rounded and embellished with a raised disk, an oddity that a close
for
is of made the two, although between 587 relationship or rim is vertical 588 of Slate cooking fabric.23 The fabric, outwardly one in the outer face. The handle has neither rotelle rope preserved
argues cooking groove
is closely
linked by shape and fabric with the two-handled
also with
the very
594,
large
and,
despite
ochre
itwas found, all emanate
they must
(30 in deposit sample)
7 inventoried examples Shape: Date: Comparanda:
Rim
Deep, baggy body; inwardly two strap handles from shoulder Ca. 170 to 1st century \ j / no.
rim
(Cy \1)
on exterior; rim, grooved or to rim / \ just below.
inclined
a
18, 32, Fig. 74, PL 63
4: Charts (589-594)
Form Vertical
and
from
single source. 588 is of the same fabric as the (probably) two-handled 591. The vertical links both 587 and 588 to the two-handled vessels of Form 4, discussed below. Chytra, Two-Handled,
a
with sloping, nor bosses. 587
589, with which
in detail,
differences
of Gritty
V/ y
N--_l._-^/ [Atpi. 6 (Charaka, 62 1986, 19, pi. (Corinth, tica]); probably no. 45:6 late \st century) ;Petsas 158, 126, \Demetrias\, (mid-2nd p. century or earlier) pi. nos. 1104 1101, Stobil, p. 131, 1963, p. 250, pis. 128:oc, (3,147:ax (Hellenistic (Vergina); a Bruneau from latter form 1970b, 128,129 lot); (the 10), pis. late-lst-century cooking no. of 1st first 48 third D 217, pi. 1998, p. 199, (Delos, p. 259, century); Zapheiropoulou no. Hatzidakis 207 125-126, 3:20, 2000, 286, (Delos, 90 75:y (Delos); pp. pi. fig. top, p.
Lohmann
1993,
p. 366,
CH
15-49,
p. 282, no.
Slane
70); Hatzidakis
p. 648,
2004,
316:cc,
pis.
320:6
(Delos);
SamosXIV,
p.
118, no.
Z 122:E
p. 97, no. 328, pi. 26; TarsusI, pp. 179,240, fig. 191:G 98:4 and Zhuravlev 2004, p. 275, pi. (Pantikapeion); before [Crimea], 11, 13 (Neapolis 135/130).
(mid-2ndcentury);EphesosXIll:l:l, to 1st century); Tolstikov (mid-2nd Zaytsev
2004,
is a miscellaneous
This
geographical
p. 755,
sources;
the wide
of parallels gives no firm clue to their origins. No complete
examples
of vessels
group
distribution
pi. 354:1,
imported
to Athens
from
various
link feature The distinctive the group. variation is significant within and there preserved, near a of the bottom with and slightly is the rim: straight inclined, groove inwardly ing them a lid. This on the interior, received could have which is reflected face. The profile the outer and two of instead handles have to that of Form vessels but these rim form is similar one, 3,
are
their mouths
are
a
baggy deep, and 591, though
mouths, Form
proportionally and a rounded body are
incomplete,
although
The
wider.
bottom, restored with
of 591 is known
handle
the double
a complete ochre of Gritty two handles of because
only piece and made
with
otherwise
profile
is 589, fabric.
cooking their relatively
with 590 wide
only on the one-handled
2.
The form of the rim links these pieces loosely to 587, which also is of the same fabric as in 589 and 594. None comes from a deposit laid down before 160, and their appearance seems
Athens
century
(592),
p. 47 for the relationship fabrics. cooking
23. See Slate
context
to be mostly
a
2nd-century
phenomenon.
so the form probably between
Gritty
ochre
and
continued
One,
however,
to be made
comes
from
a 1st
in the later Hellenistic
173
CHYTRAI
period.24 A fully preserved variant of Form 4 (594), also of Gritty ochre cooking fabric, shares to its large the rim form but has instead canted horizontal handles, perhaps a concession more of this handles lifted with size, design. easily Form Lidded
Chytra, Two-Handled, 13 inventoried
Rounded
Shape:
(595-603)
(81 in deposit
examples
17, 18, 32, Figs. 75, 76, Pl. 64
Charts
5:
bottom
sample)
up to nearly
curving
-j
P\w> vertical wall;
sloping sometimes
well
extending diagonally one or two wheel-run Size: H.
14.0-19.5, to early
\
J
J V^^
sometimes
at point of handle cm, with occasional
grooves 21.0-30.2
Diam.
level of rim;
above
/
j
low rim, usually outwardly inclined, shoulder; offset at base, with flange inside to receive lid; two handles, to and in section, attached shoulder round horizontally
^//
attachment.
(600). giants 1st century Schmid 2000, p. 366, no. 51, pl. 186 (Eretria, before 261); EretriaX, p. 201, no. 562, fig. Kabirion 258 (second half of 4th to first half of 3rd century); III, p. 142, no. 527, pl. 27; nos. there called 271-273 392, 411, 1992, pp. 318-319, (Samothrace, Kopcke fragments remains but what Beschi suggests pots, probably they were deeper lopades, chytrai); no. C 137:oc 1997, p. 218, pl. 128, pis. 95,108 (Lemnos); (Chersonesos, p. 169, Panskoyel,
Date:
Ca. 500
Comparanda:
ca. 320-270). The
wide-mouthed, globular in the course of the veloped lidless
chytra. By can be
and
of the Classical Classical
all
exception
the
6th
of
the
sturdy handles out of the century
liquid,
century, on the
a feature here
catalogued
with
a thin,
dark
is irregular,
on flange (603) occurs
the
closely resembling so the variation ismost its end.
on
wash. formed
Instead
by
a collar likely of the
due
than
a fork.
one-handled, and its de
established, to the second
down
de
lifting,
half
of
the
for
shoulder, probably emitting that had been lost by the end of the final (595) represents stage
and ismade to have
appears the beater-and-anvil
of the typical been
successors. but
lower, the profile from probable
partially but
method,
The
have
they is forked. Sullan
rims
a more
The only destruction
and the lip flat on top, in cross-section vertical, The fabric indicates that this is a local product,
to date,
smooth,
easy
earlier
its Hellenistic
2nd-century chytrai so that in cross-section interior, the latest inventoried example, the rim more
for
It also
are much
is weak,
flange
been
It retains the high rim of earlier pieces
most
the
had
shape
a gap in the early 4th a narrow have spout
covered
and
there
nears
of form
off
lower
3rd-century
pronounced debris; more
two
with
body perhaps is wheelmade. body of shape, and manufacture fabric, distinguish
the upper Details of
half
pouring earliest example
The
fabric,
furnished
canonical
for
tradition.
cooking the
handmade:
the
also
perhaps series.
the Classical
500
traced, with versions Earlier
velopment 4th century.25 steam
ca.
chytra, second
representing Classical fabric,
a deterioration Hellenistic
as the
in form Form
5 chytrai
shape are made
of gritty cooking fabric, some of the characteristic local Schist cooking fabric (597, 598, 601, And there is evidence of different 603). finally, manufacturing techniques, with a much heavier
dependence
24. Similar pots dating
from
the wheel.
Some
Early
on wider, shallower appear cooking in the Royal Ontario Museum, probably B.C. and the 1st century a.d. 1st century early rim forms
Corinth
in the
on
and
Hellenistic
(Slane fig.
1986,
examples,
p. 282,
10, pi. 19). 25. AgoraXU,
pp.
no.
although
19, pi. 62; Hayes
225-226,
pi. 94.
they
1976,
show
p. 32, no.
148,
COOKING
174 no
than
shape
their
and
595,
near
offset
slight
lower
bodies
of
the bottom
It seems
may be imports.
have
may on
the wall
603 may
from a form; and
the point
represent
to the end of the 2nd century
in lst-century
to appear
continue
chytrai
are more in regular (e.g., 596, 597), or a in form shallow mold. been made
floor
and lower wall of 597 may be impressions
wall met. The form persists
wheelmade
or
the underside
ridges on the underside
Parallel a
on
of wheel-work
evidence
WARE
are not
most
deposits,
of
the
standard
and
and
form,
of the Attic form stopped with
likely that manufacture
slab
where
in local fabric. Although all
the Sullan
destruction.
The numbers A
Athens.
lenistic
that this was the standard,
indicate
remarkable
similar
of generally
number
two-handled
lidded,
are
however,
chytrai,
pot of Hel
cooking
also
present
or fabric from in the inventory, each differing significantly in details of form, proportion, those described above (614-625). There are also a number of related forms (Forms 6-9), sharing a globular profile and two handles with Form 5 chytrai, but differing from them in details
are most
These
fabric.
and
common
in Sullan
and
later
one
constitute
They
deposits.
of the pieces of evidence for suggesting that the Form 5 series ended with the Sullan sack, for a lack of locally produced stewpots would have created a demand for imported vessels of form.
equivalent
at least in part. Blackening is strongest on All of the Form 5 vessels are fire blackened the underside. This is usually the least well-preserved part of the pot, doubtless weakened that can be observed on cooking of heat the (a phenomenon by repeated application as well),
forms
of other
pots
over the fire. Some treatment
then
there
although oven. sional and
is no
the Compare has which Delos,
also
been
for
evidence
it was
of burning use of raw
record
the
chytra
inside
was
usually
in or
placed
(599, 603; cf. also 594),
the
in the vessel. of coals transport two layers of clay on the exterior, seem to be and The fired, partially layers of clay as a functioned have in the hole, 602 may provi from braziers on of Late Hellenistic the floor clay as as evidence used that the vessels were interpreted
or
dinners,
is very unusual: in the ground.
in a hole
placed
Athens
of burnt
of 602
that
doubt
also have a dark residue
examples
remains
carbonized The
is no
there
and
coated
the
with
ovens.26
Chytra, Two-Handled,
Form Rim
Collar
2 inventoried
17,18,
r-]-1
sample)
near bottom, Shape: Rounded bottom; deep body with greatest diameter on meeting bottom at slight angle; high collar rim with flange interior; Date: Comparanda:
Ca.
two horizontal
not
handles,
CorinthVLl.S,
flange.
apparently
The
pp.
form
and
fabric, cooking The conclusion. this 125,
of
in a different
Schist on
no.
122-123,
656,
above
the rim
is paralleled
fabric. One thus
and
two
2000,
pp.
I \
) (
rim. ^?J?^
seems
no.
27, 61.
in a single
of the two examples to be
inventoried
307-308,
(Athens); Didelot 2000, p. 142 (Delos).
pis.
body and a high,
local,
examples
respectively.
26. Vogeikoff-Brogan
extending
)
175-125
Two smaller chytrai have a deep, pear-shaped interior
32, Fig. 76, Pl. 65
605)
(604,
(1 in deposit
examples
Charts
6:
38,
fig.
13
although come
collar rim with a fairly small example
2nd-century
published the from
rarity deposits
here of
(604)
the form laid down
at Corinth,
of
ismade casts about
doubt 160
CHYTRAI
and
7: One Vertical Handle (606)
Form Chytra, One Horizontal
Charts
(2 in deposit sample)
3 inventoried examples
175
" /fl
1
(7~^)
body often with greatwith slightly angular half-height, inclined rim profile; high, nearly straight, outwardly on one with slight flange from interior; strap handle Rounded
Shape:
bottom;
est diameter
section,
diagonally Diam. 18.0-30.0,
Size: H.
1st century
Date:
a vertical
This
form, where a useful onstrates
set on
y \.
^in
round
handle,
y ( 1 ?^"^
shoulder. cm.
24.0-34.50
century a.d. no. 657, pis. 28, 61; Bruneau 1970b, pp. 123-124, third of 1st century); Hatzidakis 2004, p. 648, pis.
first
(Delos,
horizontal
\ )
B.C. to mid-lst
CorinthYII.S,
Comparanda:
\\ / \
capacious
below
to rim; one
shoulder
18, 32, Fig. 77, PL 65
innovation
strap handle that would
one
replaces have made
of
the
usual
p. 258, no. D 212, pi. 48 315:cc, 320:4 (Delos). horizontal
to pour
it easier
liquid
dem
ones, from
the vessel.
The only certainly Hellenistic example at the Agora (606) comes from a context of the first half of the 1st century.27 Two from Robinson's Group F and one from Group G, there with of a wheel-run
the addition
context
fragmentary was recorded This
rim
on
groove
the
this
in about
pottery, 40 instances,
type, however,
also
of
rim?a
type the earliest
occurs
the date back with assurance. Although production later Hellenistic
is not
precluded, and Roman
Form
Chytra,
3 inventoried
as new
have
may
deep in the
collar
horizontal
been
of
last quarter
inner
adopted
flange,
century. cannot push
in Schist cooking by Attic
in
the 2nd
so we
handles,
Charts
(607-609)
(1 in deposit
fabric, local
potters
in the
Size: H.
Diam. 17.5-19.8, Ca. 75 to Augustan
18, 32, Fig. 77, PL 65
sample)
and nearly vertical; ^?I?^^ attachment.
wheel-run
grooves
at handle
\
\ 7>W A / I \. >/
cm.
27.6-29.5
Choremis
2000, p. 357, pi. 179:(3 (Chalkis, III, p. 143, no. 536, pi. 28.
Comparanda:
continued
periods.
shoulder
Date:
form
a small
with
rounded flattened bottom; Very globular body; nearly horizontal with a thin ridge at the inner sometimes rim, on round in section, horizontally attached edge; handles
Shape:
the
the form could not be identified
the shape is not made fabrics
8: Flat-Rimmed
examples
fairly
dating the canonical
with
that
demonstrate
shoulder,
to the end of the era and beyond.28 Although
to be used
second
half of 2nd
century).
Perhaps
Kabirion
607, with its flattened body and nearly horizontal rim, is the earliest inventoried example of a distinctive a made of hard, thin, gray fabric with many pinkish white squat chytra inclusions. dated
by
It comes 350-275
red
context
stacking before
circle
on
the middle
the of
bottom the
a earlier publishes single, supposedly example no. 657, (Corinth VII.3, 123-124, pp. pis. 28, 61). from deposit he dates to 28, the fill in a kiln, which He that there were two mentions, however, (p. 206).
27. Edwards at Corinth
A
to be characteristic. appears was another century; example also
1st
607 found
is in
later fills above this one, and one wonders if the chytra in ques tion might have been intrusive in the lower fills. 28. P 11909, P 11908 (AgoraV, p. 19, nos. F 84, F 85, pis. 3, no. G 116, 72); P 11509 (AgoraV, pp. 33-34, pis. 7, 38, 73).
176
COOKING
WARE
context. in an Early Roman conclude that We may F,29 yet another (608) Group production was limited b.c. and the to the 1st century a.d. The from the latter early 1st century examples a more at of this have inner of the but the otherwise rim, range part developed ridge edge
is very uniform.
the group a similar
rim
A later phase
in a similar
and
a mid-1
from
fabric
to be recognized
is perhaps
a.d.
st-century
in baggy chytrai with
context.30
related
Possibly
in fabric, though of different form, is 624, a chytra with an almost spherical body. It shares with the others a sharply defined, flat rim and a gray fabric with a red stacking circle on the Its rope handles, however, also link it to one-handled underside. chytrai with fancy handles a in different gray fabric). (e.g., 588, a number
Quite different
fabric,
reconstituted.
of
rims
were
similar
recorded are
contexts
The
Group E,31 so it is possible 16 more
were
fragments
mostly
in 1st century
noted
context
That
the Hellenistic
as the
as late
date
Form
Chytra,
2 inventoried
Concave
Shape:
2nd
come
have
may
They
from
Late Hellenistic that
shapes
fit
easily
tion; Size: Diam.
to early
3rd
18, 32, Fig. 77, PL 65
Charts
sample) body;
wide,
fto
outturned
sharply
set on shoulder grooves
source.
date
They
2nd
to the
it shares
the
on
again
Other
613,
\ ?b^X
J
(610, 611) and may come from a
2nd
Two
century.
and
the
handles
tucked
tightly
later
pieces
may
be
related
a later stage in its development;
The
of
the
earlier
examples,
tightly tucked handles
occur
context.
Chytrai
Globular
Figs. 78, 79, PL 66
(614-625)
examples
grouped
pieces
rim
a 1 st-century
Two-Handled,
12 inventoried The
from
also
late 3rd or early
of the rim and body has changed.
the profile
although
the
of
edge
crisp
I?^^
j V
century
that 612, from Group F, represents
to this form. It is possible
\
in posi-
and nearly vertical at handle attachment.
Two chytrai share a broad, flat rim with a crisp vertical edge single
allow a
cm.
18.1-22.0
Late
Date:
either
a.d.
century
biconical
horizontally two wheel-run
into
its context would
rim, slightly convex on top and sloping toward inside, slightly thickened on edge, with concave face; small handles, round in section,
something
and Early Roman
not
do
here, although
(610-613)
(2 in deposit
underside;
the end of the 2nd century;
before
in amixed
of unique
9: Wide-Rimmed
examples
deposits.
typology. 609 is included
1st to early
late
to be made
shape found a number
contains
or Roman
8 chytrai, but heavier and of a no could be complete shapes are three in earliest fragments
of Form
pottery, although The Hellenistic.
Late
that the form began
like 609, a small chytra of unique context.
to those
in shape in context
together
here
represent
unique
occurrences
in the
collection,
most
of them probably imports. The rim of the earliest (614), dating within the second half of the 3rd century, finds parallels in theWest,32 suggesting perhaps an Italian origin, although western
imports
are
very
rare
in the
3rd
century.
similar
Somewhat
rim
forms?with
a flat
from time to time in later deposits (615, 616). 617 top and a concavity to inside?occur the handles of a has forms?it Attic looks like a hybrid between the two standard Classical 29. P 11907 30. P 11222 31. Two the
small
(Agora V, pp. and P 11223,
fragments 2nd-century
noted
18-19, from in E
component
no. F 82, pis. 3, 72). fill of B 13:1. the upper 14:6 are most likely part of 3rd of that predominantly
century deposit. 32. Bats 1988, [Provence]); (Metapontum).
pp. 166-167, Carter 1998, pp.
nos. 727-728,
1148, 1149, pl. 39 (Olbia nos. CD 147, CD 148
CHYTRAI but chytra, local tradition,
so the piece
3rd or early 2nd century. the baggy
and
profile
one.
of a lidless
rim
the
lidded the
is best
618 comes are
fabric
The
considered
note
Attic;
on
the body, Context import.
banding an
to the standard Attic
close
not
177
the weak
collar
to
is foreign it in the
however, places
late
chytra of Form 5, though rim,
here
again
appearing
it in shape, but ismade of a differ in a Late Hellenistic (Sullan) context. 619 resembles ent fabric. The form of the rim and the steeply sloping shoulder of 620 are reminiscent of Form 6, but the handle is unique: it closely hugs the rim and has a long, horizontal section. seems
621
to come
of
pieces
similar
from form
the island. Hayes to the
close
more a broad, shallow like a lopas than vessel, possibly are from Cyprus,33 but the form is apparently published
local
Schist
Hellenistic, handles Rope
so itmay
fabric,
cooking
or
Late
from Paphos
that the example
suggested
two
only
chytra. Two not native to
is Italian, but the fabric of 621 is Hellenistic
Attic
Also
experiment.
is 622.
Roman,
possibly occur on
a Late
be
a
two-handled
both
chytrai,
of
them
surely
imports.
set and canted, like The handles of 623, from Sullan destruction debris, are horizontally normal chytra handles; the fabric and the crankily angular profile (probably inspired by a metal are to the Attic tradition. The find a parallel in an handles foreign prototype) Roman context (662), equally unusual and angular lopas from a Late Hellenistic/Early but
the
cal
two
are
but
here
624, is not, for
it is
of
are
they
unusually two handles, it had local.
the
is unusual.
pottery
The
to
pot earlier
a much
the
625
8 inventoried examples Rounded
one-handled
lidless,
is not
that it has chytra except but its large size suggests to be The fabric appears
preserved, the Agora.34
completely from chytra
io: Lidless
on the nearly again spheri the collection, but the fabric 8. Note that this pot is from or is a very Hellenistic large Early
in is unique shape that of chytrai of Form
as
in shape
rim.
occur
handles
Rope
The
same
the of
like
Form Chytra, Two-Handled,
Shape:
fabric.
vertical.
similar
piece, elaborate
an
same
the
apparently much
where
D, Group Late Classical
not
Charts
17, 18, 32, Figs. 80, 81, Pis. 66, 67
(626-633)
(23 in deposit sample) sometimes
underside,
\\
J ?\f\j wall
meeting
or
barrel-shaped, times distinct
at slight angle; low neck, some-
pear-shaped, baggy body; from body; flaring or thickened outwardly two broad to rim. handles from shoulder strap upper cm. Size: H. 16.5-38.5, Diam. 15.6-39.0 to early 1st century Date: Ca. 180/160
\) \/
rim;
J
I ^^^___L---^^^
1970, p. 155, nos. 180, 2a and 2b, pl. 70 (Dipylon Well B1? AbschnittYlll, 190-150); and Ralli 1997, pp. 241-242, to 1st see pl. 157:(_ (Mytilene, mid-2nd century); Michaelidou-Nikolaou 1990, p. 186, no. 22, pl. 106, for a similar form on Cyprus (Eu Braun
Comparanda:
Komvou
rychou-Phoenikas). of
Many group, moderate
these except size
latest are
the
chytrai in terms
are made
stewpots demonstrated These
two
given
above
33. Paphos of ca.
120-100;
of
(H. 22.7-25.3 and smallest, were
forms should
not
of
local
is one
size. There and
Schist
cm), thus this form
two rather shows
by the one-handled not
easy be given
III, p 164, no. 10, fig. LVIIhlO, Kition IV, p. 249, no. 457, fig.
to
distinguish undue weight. from 225,
a deposit late 3rd to
fabric,
cooking enormous small
the
same
chytrai, in
and
example ones (H.
a they make fairly H. 38.5 (627: cm), 16.2 and 19.3 cm).
Late Hellenistic
to which
fragmentary
preference
early 2nd century. 34. P 21947 (AgoraXU,
pottery,
p. 371,
no.
1928,
three The for
it is closely related context
uniform
small
(Form 1).
so the
fig.
of two
count
18, pi. 93).
COOKING
178
for the form are 2nd century, with both 627 and 629 certainly
The earliest certain contexts the middle.
before
dating
WARE
in context
Fragments
vertical
the
with
pottery
com
more
neck
on this form than on Form 1, if in fact of this shape, would push the date closer to the of the century. Two pieces (626 and the very large 627) have carefully outwardly beginning thickened lips, a feature that is not as well defined on the other examples, and that is pos or sibly a hallmark of the earlier phase of the form. 631 takes the form down to the late 2nd to this it is from with 1st 632, shape century. Probably contemporary Group F, assigned early
mon
1 because
of Form
instead
of
the angle
it is covered
tic, and
the
Like
closely
with
a lime
similar
chytrai
bottom
between
and wall.
state
Its fragmentary
not be a cooking may pot at all. hints of different these vessels 1, give
coating?it of Form
hints
is not certainly At
Its fabric, however,
of the deposit.
that it is part of the Sullan component
manufactur
on the wheel, while the bottom ing techniques. 628 may have been completely constructed a was formal similarities suggest this form. in the shallow of 631 Although probably made 1 were
Form
and
shape more
used
same
the
The
blackened.
heavily
frequently resentative.
for
the
purposes,
is small,
sample
interiors
of
however,
10 are
of Form
chytrai
so
not
possibly
rep
truly
The variant 633, which can be identified as local on the basis of the fabric, differs from the form described above in its globular shape and profiled rim. It is earlier than any of the standard
and
form,
to be an
seems
isolated
of the
experiment
late 3rd or early
i
Form Horizontal
Chytra, Baggy,
3 inventoried
Handles
Baggy body; two diagonally
Shape:
Date: Comparanda:
below
Ca.
220-180
^_
sample)
narrow mouth with slightly fairly round in section, canted handles,
III, p. 142, nos.
513,
634,
635).
outturned
set horizontally
and
unusual
the hard,
thin,
fabric
gray restore three
the
shapes
published not may
the Kabeirion, as as similar they
from be
but seem
rim
as
them
rounded
fragments
the distinctive from
mark
the
a date in the late 3rd to early 2nd century. Similar fragments been
!
by three fragments
is represented
handles
shape but we may is preserved, confidently upper part contexts on other of the The countered chytrai. have
X Y <*
rim;
pi. 26.
514,
A small, baggy chytra with canted, horizontal The
635)
rim.
well
Kabirion
century?a
18, 32, Fig. 81
Charts
l: (634,
(3 in deposit
examples
2nd
(Forms 1 and 5)
forms
and two-handled sort of hybrid between the standard one-handled of Form 10. that eventually resulted in the development
typical found
handles
fragments
Only imports. underside
at the Agora
(there dated are
(e.g., the en
suggest
to the 5th century) not
preserved,
so
alone.
LOPADES in the third quarter of the 5th century as a lower version of the lopas was developed like the chytra, two upturned, horizontally placed handles chytra.35 In its earliest form it has, and is fitted with a flange inside the rim to take a lid. If the ancient name is correctly applied,
The
written
sources
35. Agora XII,
indicate
p. 227.
the form
was
normally
used
for
the
cooking
offish,
which
were
per
LOPADES -i-.
400
179
=n
Deposit sample D Inventory =A
350-M-'
300-H 250-H 200-1 150-1 100-H
^-B--
0 ^ l
Form 2
Chart
first
then
braised, and
stewing
-'
-??T? Form 1
haps both
-,
frying
to
and
Sparkes
in
forms
in their
stewed
^ ,
^-= I
Form 4
Form 3
19. Lopas
_
deposit
Form 5 and
sample
or a sauce;36 juice Talcott. This low
Other
inventory
the
form
seemed
was more
shape
appropriate than popular
for the
to 480 chytrai, are represented in chytra in the Hellenistic period; 585 lopades, as opposed the deposit sample (see Chart 16, p. 166). The Classical type (Form 1) probably continued to be made
until
is the most
or possibly
the 3rd
liberally
late in the 3rd, Form 4 appears,
Form and the 1st century. 5, a handleless century ca. after 150. The number of pieces that fall outside small. is relatively
the
9 inventoried Shape:
examples Rounded
Size: Date: Comparanda:
Diam. Third
low wall,
bottom;
outwardly at bottom section,
(73 in deposit
inclined,
on pp.
1988, 43-44.
second
century,
later, slightly classifications
19, 33, Fig. 82, Pl. 67
sample) often
angular;
crisp flange two horizontal
rim straight and inside positioned
handles,
\^^^
in
round
to well above rim. rising from shoulder one 18.5-29.5 cm, with (P 27195, Diam. giant ca. to of 5th 275 quarter century
43.0
cm).
nos. A 186-A204, 1993, pp. 49-51, 325-265); figs. 20, 21, pis. 62, 63 (Athens, nos. ca. 11 and Sackett 386, Graham, 389, 110-119, 1973, pp. (Vari, 325-275); Jones, fig. nos. 676, 679, CorinthVII.3, II); Corinth XVIII.l, pp. 125-126, pis. 29, 62 (Casserole II, mid- and late 4th cen pp. 75, 96, 188, nos. 112, 659, fig. 24, pis. 14, 59 (Casserole no. to 3rd century); KabirionIII, EretriaX, 200, fig. 231 (6th p. 189, tury, respectively); no. no. 1004, 30 of 4th V, 143, 560, 247, (second p. p. quarter century); Olynthus pl.
Vogeikoff
Kition pl. 186 (first half of 4th century); no. 1110, 38 (Olbia [Provence]). pl. 36. Bats
of
Charts
with
of rim area;
of the 2nd century,
4, begins these
limits
1: Upturned Form Handles, Bottom (636-638)
Lopas, Rounded
ver
in the second half of the
of Form
strict
a Hellenistic
In the
19).
dominant variant
2nd
table
the middle
(see Chart
becoming
by
replaced
type at least until
in the collection
represented
it was
when
century,
latter was the standard
sion (Form 3). The and
of
the beginning
p. 50; ancient
sources
are
summarized
in his
IV, p.
192, no.
270,
fig. 203; Bats
1988,
p. 165,
180
COOKING
WARE
This is the form familiar from Classical times, the history of which is chronicled by Sparkes and Talcott.37 The fabric is usually Classical cooking fabric, and a thin red gloss has often been
to parts
applied
lenistic deposits, century; there,
even
of
the
surface.
At
least
and the form probably
small
fragments to be the only
it seems
are
rare
nine
are
examples
from
inventoried
in use into the first quarter
continued
Hel
Early
of the 3rd
in deposits of later date. From the fragments preserved in use at the Vari House, that was in the abandoned
form
270s.38
Form
Lopas,
Flat
2: Upturned
Bottom
3 inventoried Shape:
Comparanda:
19, 33, Fig. 82, PL 68
(639, 640) (1 in deposit
examples Flat
rounded
bottom; Form 1.
Size: Diam. Date:
Charts
Handles,
sample)
C\\_/f
rim
wall;
and
as
handles
V\
cm.
25.9-42.0
First quarter of 3rd century Monaco and Monaco 2000, no. 525, to 3rd 253 (4th fig.
155,
p.
pi.
88:b:2
(Lemnos).
Perhaps
Eretria
X,
p. 200,
century).
Three inventoried vessels represent a brief transitional phase leading from the Classical to the Hellenistic form of the lopas. The shape retains the straight rim with neat inner flange and the high handles of Form 1, but in the flat bottom and the rounded wall it is similar to Form
3. The
ware,
links
too,
it with
Form
but of a gritty, micaceous ing fabric, All three of the inventoried examples
Form Lopas, Flat Bottom
3: Engaged (641-662)
30 inventoried Shape:
or
Flat high,
Comparanda:
early
of Classical
cook
of Form
examples
3.
large.
Charts
sample)
n^curved
underside;
Pis. 68, 69
19, 33, Figs. 82-84,
~w wall
with
above
bottom
pressed
of rim area;
against
wall
and
cm.
156, nos.
181, pis. 66, 71 (Dipylon Well Bp Abschnitten VII no. 11, crema Braun and VIII, 1994, p. 33, under 190-150); pi. 10:y (Kerameikos, nos. B 61-B 115 tion grave of ca. 250); Vogeikoff 64, fig. 42, pi. 1993, p. 77, (Athens, nos. to 3rd C 105-C 167 mid-2nd 108, 66, 163, 106-107, (late 275-225), pp. fig. pis. 1990, p. 46, pi. 13:667, 682, and EretriaVIII, p. 112, no. 72, fig. 268 Metzger century); Eretria X, p. 198, no. 486, fig. 249 (5th to 3rd cen first half of 3rd century); (Eretria, no. Schmid 1992, p. 101, 39, pi. 184 (Eretria, before 2000, p. 366, 261); Callaghan tury);
37. AgoraXIl, pp. 38. Jones, Graham, 11. Rim
for
not
to 110
285
Braun
no.
119, fig.
to that used
inclined shoulder; rim, often outwardly to exterior, with flange on interior positioned at shoulder, in section, round attached handles, slightly above rim.
protruding Size: Diam. 12.7-37.8 Ca.
are made
vessels
convex
slightly horizontal
Date:
similar
are
in deposit
concave
slightly rounded
fabric
these
Handles,
(356
examples
3, for
1970,
52, pi. 84
pp.
151,
(Knossos,
154,
first quarter
227-228.
profiles
and Sackett illustrated
1973, pp.
386,
by Vogeikoff
389, nos. (1993,
110
fig. 21)
of 3rd century);
Paphoslll,
p. 98, no.
27, fig. XXXII:
itwas also the only form of lopas in a well suggest that was discarded South Slope of the Acropolis
deposit ca. 265.
on
1
the
181
LOPADES of Fabric
(an
import 41. fig.
A,
context).
3rd-century
Samaria
Perhaps
nos.
III, p. 230,
8, 9,
in the course of the first quarter of Hellenistic that developed 3, the standard lopas numerous con in the Hellenistic forms and 3rd century, is one of the most repertoire in It differs outnumbers other vessel. several from its Classical any ways cooking siderably or even concave convex. is flat The underside rather than slightly predecessor. Frequently run in a distinctive shallow it has been concentric formed circles, way: very polished by
Form the
a tool
ning
over
the
surface
the wheel
while
are
turned,
on
visible
the undersides
of many
examples.39 The wall is usually curved, not subangular, like that of Form 1, and with a high shoulder, unlike Form 2. Except in the earliest example (641), the flange on the interior is somewhat
the
above
bottom
and
and
27
protrude cm, with
a few larger
above
only slightly a few examples
3 are
Form
the
not
a more
producing
are still round
rim.
645,
(644,
found
in section,
Diam.
13.3,
the many
the 17
commonly 15.7 cm, respectively)
Slight
for or
the
flat bottom on
perch in
pots
cooking
and
these changes
though
cooking practices, to nestle in the coals
among
pro
but they hug between
in
development rather than
interior
complex
are most
Diameters
37.8 cm, respectively).
32.4,
some new suggest they may to sit on a flat surface designed stand. are,
of
area,
smaller
(643, 646, Diam.
Lopades
rim
the
1 and 2. The handles
file than that of Forms wall
of
a
is
cooking associ
fillings
ated with damage to the Tholos and probably to be dated before 294 (F 11:2, lower fill of F 12:3, G 11:4). Their earliest appearance is in Menon's Cistern, deposited about 20 years and
later,
at
containing
least
contemporary proximately it was late in introduced common
in
deposits
two are
Only
out
gone
of
of
13
inventoried
production
3rd
by
of Forms 4 and 5 probably
the
quarter
and
century
from
form
began
of
the
first
and
The
of
ap that
speculate this form
the
2nd
are
century.
the form had probably
imported,
its function
some
from
however, we might
century. Lopades three of quarters
(653, 654),
century.
to take over
is absent, and 13:9),
3rd
the
later deposits end
R
8-9:1, of the
(D-E
deposits the first
the
The
examples.
straight-sided
around
the middle
lopades
of the 2nd
century.
Form 3 lopades fall into three chronological
groups:
The
all dating within the 3rd century and probably well before (641-645), early examples are a its end often made of fabric fine, (285-225?), (Micaceous fabric) sparkling cooking that permits the creation of a very thin-walled, curves vessel. The wall light continuously into the underside. The edge of the rim is sharp, as is the Fine concentric flange. polish are visible on the underside. marks
of the middle have a thicker wall (646-652) group Lopades are often made than earlier of Schist lopades; they cooking to the interior. The beveled transition from wall to underside of
pades diameters
the earlier of 646-648, would have
ily, which her kitchen.40 The
few
ing. They 39. A casseroles
similar
and polishing marks, group, in found cistern together been convenient both for
Contexts
later
suggest
(653, lopades are also generally
treatment
is described
a span
on a series
and baking dishes from Paphos, but their tains golden mica and thus must be different from
of imported fabric con that of
the
are
fabric.
heavier substantially or The lip is squared
is less smooth
than
on
lo
if they exist, are The graduated irregular. P 21:4, make to stack them eas it possible the potter in his kiln and the housewife in
of ca. 225-175
share a very 654) smaller in size.
and
thick wall,
for
this phase.
coarse
fabric,
and
careless
see vessels; III, p. 78, Fabric A, possibly Agora Paphos 40. Roger Edwards remarks the same for lopades (CorinthVII.3, p. 127).
finish
Aegean. of Form
5
are
There
occasional
ably a 3rd-century
innovations.
Two
phenomenon.
two only examples so the range, experiment
chronological
of
(655,
lopades
Two others
are
there
although
WARE
COOKING
182
a
656)have
this variation, was apparently
are
they
handle,
scalloped
prob
the tripod with a small lopas;
(see 657) combine
spread from
repeated
over
a considerable
time
to time.
Sparkes and Talcott associated a domed or sloping lid with the Classical lopas, in contrast to the flat lid of the chytra.41 Two Form 3 lopades were found in association with lids: 644 with a domed lid of Form 1, 650 with a flat lid of Form 3, suggesting that no strict pairing of lid and
is to be
forms
lopas
in fabric
Similarities
expected.
and
surface
treatment,
however,
suggest that the gently domed lids of Form 2 were the normal cover for Form 3 lopades, at least in the 3rd century. The fabric and concentric polishing of such lids as 718 are paralleled on
convex The
as 641.
such
lopades The flat
of
bottoms or
surface,
one
contains
that were
of debris
sitting marks
it. There
centimeter,
form?to
the wheelmade
irregular, on the
patchy surface
the voids, probably on which the slab was
on
a flat
as slabs?on
constructed
probably which
walls
or
slightly added.
rim were
and
of small impressions The formed. polish to compress the fabric
served probably on the lower wall, to a of about is wheel-trimming usually height wheelmade and wall the result of trimming where slab irregularities
concentric
ing attested by and strengthen
were
vessels
in a shallow
often
underside
pieces
these
possibly
the undersides
met.
of these
The undersides
over
their the fire, despite to the pan more frequently is perhaps This darkened.
sat directly to have stuck
vessels seems are more
commonly have would
liquid from
the
are usually
lopades
away more
cooked
quickly,
blackened,
thoroughly flat
bottoms.
was
Whatever
than was
in them
cooked
case with
the
that the
suggesting for
the floors
chytrai, in a shallower vessel, more have required
to be
expected and which would
in which attention
cook.
Variants Five
vary
lopades than
are
flat,
it has
and and
freestanding
the norm
handles.
recurved
project
well
to merit
above
described
to Form 3, the underside
it conforms
in other details
Although rather
from
sufficiently
above
the
discussion.
separate
of 658 is slightly rounded,
659 has a low, very convex rim, is fabric rim. The unusual, gray
and
its handles to
similar
but
of the lopas with that of a lopas of canonical form (651). 660 combines the low proportions a rim more typical of the Form 5 chytra; it seems to be a compromise between the two. The little
661,
smoothly
than most examples, deeper variants the other While may
proportionally into the wall.
sions mark 661 as a definite and
Roman
import. Completely
Hellenistic
with
it is an ESB plate of Form 58 (P 33044),
but
also
the fill
a fusiform
contained
a rounded
be
local, most
The
dating
that
bottom
shell
and
runs
rather inclu
mica
golden
in form is 662, from a fill in which
different
is represented.
material
both
has
closely
datable
object
found
to the late 1st or early 2nd century a.d., a mortar
(511),
unguentarium
a
with
handle
piecrust
b.c. The (192), and a Type 52 A lamp (L 4356), all dating to the first half of the 1st century two relatively complete cooking pots found in this fill (609 and 662) are without parallel the Roman
in either
to determine profiled
rim,
also appear of 662. 41. AgoraXIl, together,
although
to which angular
or
the Hellenistic
repertoire wall,
and
they properly rope
handles.
on the chytra 623, from a Sullan
p. 227; see fig. this particular
of lopas and lid 18 for a drawing lid and lopas may not be a pair.
it is impossible
and
material,
belong. Rope
the
662 is characterized
handles
context,
at
but
and
a
its fabric
crisply
time
present
by a strongly angular
is different
profile
from
that
183
LOPADES
Form Lopas, Two Handles 9 inventoried
(42 in deposit
examples
19, 33, Fig. 84, Pl. 69
Charts
4: Straight-Sided, (663-668)
Q\
sample)42
I
-J9
underside meeting straight, nearly vertical ^^_ a at wall rim, projecting sharp angle; wide, diagonally concave on top, with sharp ridge at inner edge; hori in section, wall and protruding zontal handles, round hugging slightly cm. Size: Diam. 17.4-37.5
Shape:
Date:
Ca.
above
rim.
to Roman
220
Delicate
Ca.
form:
220-150
Ca. 180 to 1st century, into Roman continuing period no. to 6th of 3rd 231 EretriaX, 199, fig. (context p. 189, pp. 70-71, century); DemetriasI, no. 36, no. 153, Bruneau and 14:9, 126, XXVHL3; 45:5, 1970b, p. p. 259, pl. perhaps pis. no. D 224, 48 first third of 1st 1998, p. 199, left, (Delos, century); pl. Zapheiropoulou form:
Canonical
Comparanda:
___-*
Rounded
1st century); 1992, p. 126, no. 15, pl. 104 (Knossos, p. 186, no. 207 (Delos); Callaghan no. see Sackett end of 1st 126 1992, p. 182, Al:16, (Knossos, p. 170, fig. pl. century), of the form; Tekkok-Bigken 4, for later examples 1996, p. 64, no. A 145, fig. 27 (Troy, before 85 B.C.); de Luca and Radt first half of 2nd 1999, p. 45, no. 221 (Pergamon, Tel Marisa 1995b, p. 148, no. 205, pl. 31 (Paphos); century); Papuci-Wladyka (personal different
observation,
pl. 354:3
2004,
Form
Lopas,
Comparanda:
3:3
(Pantikapeion);
Zaytsev
[Crimea]).
(Neapolis
Charts
19, 33, Fig. 85, Pl. 69
(669-671) (62 in deposit
examples
Shape: As Form 4, but without cm. Size: Diam. 25.0-42.5 Date:
1957, p. 114, fig.
Kruglikova
5: Straight-Sided,
No Handles 6 inventoried
fabric);
Mostly Roman
handles.
-^
U?-
^^
^^-___^^^
to first half
150/130
v_?1
sample)43
of 1st century,
with
some
examples
CorinthVU.3,
nos. 127-128, level of mid-2nd
pp.
(in destruction 1970b, p. 259, and Hatzidakis
no.
D
223,
p. 126, no. 154, pl. 45 pis. 30, 62; Demetriasl, no. Stobi 1, p. 132, 1111, pl. 130; Bruneau century); 48 (Delos, first third of 1st century); Zapheiropoulou 683-685,
pl. p. 246, pl. 197:5 (Delos, Hatzidakis (Delos, ca. 90-70);
1994b,
ca.
Hatzidakis
2000, p. 127, p. 651, pis. 318:(3, 320:8 (Delos); nos. A A first 27 1996, pp. 63-64, Tekkok-Bigken 139, 144, figs. 26, quarter of 1st (Troy, no. 368, pl. 30; Giannikouri 1994, p. 306, pl. 233:0 p. 103, century); Ephesos XIII:1:1, as a a used lid for (Rhodes, III, p. 128, no. 49, p. 130, white-ground hydria); Paphos no. 4, 11 Guz-Zilberstein (ca. 110-100); 1995, p. 300, fig. 6.22:5 (Dor, fig. XXVILIO, no. PW Dothan 103, 175-125); 277, pl. 32; 1971, pp. 30-31, p. TelAnafall.l, fig. 8:18 second half of 2nd century), (Ashdod, pp. 208-209, (before fig. 99:10, pl. LXXXIX:9 fig. 3:22, pl. 76:(3
50); Kruglikova
1957, p. 114, fig. 3:9, and Tolstikov
(Pantikapeion); 135/130).
have
2004,
Samarialll,
were with handles tallied examples were as tallied Form 5, although fragments had handles that were not preserved. Therefore
42. Only other
Perhaps
Zaytsev
as Form
107-88);
2004,
and Zhuravlev
p. 755,
7, 8, pl. 354:5, no. 230, 19, p. fig. 41. 4;
they might the count
for Form
4 is probably too high. 43. See n. 42 above.
little
10
2004,
(Neapolis
a little
too
p. 275, pl. 98:11 before [Crimea],
low, and
that for Form
5 a
COOKING
184 5 are
4 and
Forms
their
With
or absence of handles. by the presence case of of Form lack in the handles, rims, and, 5, projecting profiles, of the earlier Athenian and from represent import departure lopades, are to serve as a contexts Form 4 is the earlier of the If Athenian guide,
angular
they complete a tradition. foreign first two, appearing
distinguished
in a delicate
vessel
emerge
ca.
The
(664).
is not documented as well
in M
standard
much
than
smaller
21:1,
to
an initial date
(P 17044)
example are
there
of 225-165, and the form becomes
fragments it is and
common,
of the second quarter of the 2nd century and later. It should be
in deposits
well represented
that was
shape
the 2nd century. A fragmentary
before
context of B 20:2, a disturbed around 170. Thereafter deposited fill
lower
canonical
the
its twin, is almost though slightly deposit is much 4 lopas, however, the Form larger and
mid-2nd-century of version
at the Agora
the
from
a
from
another
210;
less delicate
only
663 from the lower fill of N 21:4, provides
later. The earliest example,
before
comes
related,
closely
a
are
WARE
Form 4 lopas is in shape and size to the standard that a vessel however, very similar so the form may oc no later than the 3rd century a at Eretria;44 dated from deposit reported on other cur earlier in section round sites. The earliest have fully formed handles, examples
noted,
has a vertical
to them
(668); All
by fabric. on
darkened
usually
top of
of golden mica
the wall
and
it differs of
rising
as well
rim. One
the exterior,
and with
as many
examples
5, are made
of Form
and
inclusions
quartzlike
example
also in its less angular profile,
from the others
these,
the
above
slightly
fabric: slightly gritty to the touch and salmon
Lopas 5 cooking
of the distinctive color,
the
strap handle
is related
but
near
attached
665),
(e.g.,
to ochre
occasional
in
pieces
(see pp. 45-46).
4 of Form and from destruction debris Sullan later, the handles lopades examples are smaller, at the lowest part of the rim, hugging it attached form. They take on a different some are a in not of different These it and do extend above fabric, (e.g., 666, 667). tightly, On
cases (667, P 33053) of
tations
form.
edges of what
ment the
the
the
that
3rd
of
the
appears a.d.46 century
in production
for come
context within
pottery, that span 15:4, which
imi
a.d. with little change, 1st century except more the develop has traced rim become defined.45 Sackett sharply to to be a times down similar form at Knossos from Augustan closely form
continues
into
the
version of the shape, did not appear
Form 5, the handleless been
fabric, and are probably Athenian
close to the local Schist cooking The
in and both inventoried examples, of the 2nd century. how Just early context at the to say. The earliest Agora
Most of the generations. half of the second deposits
several from
the
shape contained
until Form 4 had
in Athens
was
is difficult
introduced
context laid This have been of four may fragments specimens. as 125, as in fact and may is not very well its terminal date down established, early though an introduction to the end of the 2nd century. the Agora Thus evidence be closer supports were are where from 130 at the earliest. Three around Corinth, they examples published at the time of the refoundation of the into South Stoa wells found in Mummian debris thrown is E
city in 44.47 That to the Mummian
context
some
at Corinth.
debris the
destruction
habitation thought initial date
to date back
not
does
around to about
or An
to the
interval
example the middle that
time.
half of the 2nd century, Form 5 continues
of
the 2nd
Although
45. E.g., 46. Sackett
1992,
pp.
169-170.
comes
century,48 its greatest
in Roman
48. Demetriasl, 49. P
popularity
17584, a.d.
either to be
continued
from
a destruction
this basis we was
can
push second
in the
in Sullan and Sullan cleanup
deposits,
but
at least
one
nos. 683-685, pp. 127-128, p. 126, no. 154, pl. 45. of the second from a context
47. CorinthVLI.3,
century
and
on
date
could
there
which
however,
to appear at Athens
p. 189, no. 199, fig. 231. The fabric is said to be a fit the that would and contains mica, description at the Agora. of the 2nd-century lopades P 7971, P 14099, P 21746.
44. EretriaX,
during
at Demetrias,
the vessels
since
date,
early
146-44,
common not to have been It appears a context a.d.49 in of the 1st century
deposits. was found
"beigebraun" typical fabric
an
demand
example
pis. half
30, 62. of
the
1st
185
LOPADES
\
\/
/ ^\ ^^?^
/
I
^
<^>\ A Pergamon\(L/ _>
^wEretria0 ^k v \Connth*^fri /b^v
V.?>
Knossos
,/
JU^
v
^
/
^Ephesos
? VU
\.-v f
4*Troy
&
Cx\^
JP\L ?^
\
^-^Pantikapeion
f
<,
iStobi]~-\)
o\ Demetrias\
Neapohss /~/^?
jf^
j
\ \-?? y )
(_.
) PaphosWy^
f Tel Anafa
^s^^
^XDor/j /
N-?N
Form
^^_
5
Map
1
Ashdodi
f~ ^^^-^^
,^1/7^ [rf^X
^?^^^A
5. Distribution
of
Marisa
x-=^=-~^
4 and
of Forms
lopades
Samaria
(< V
5
a
in terms of shape and proportions. group its inclined inward The which the others, wall upper exception as a different form altogether. it should be regarded rather than outward; possibly are on outer of these vessels, and the inner and walls Traces of wheel-smoothing visible The
Hellenistic
the underside
may
body cylindrical both all forms,
The
sooting.
indicate
is so regular interior
tracks
temper
two parts were the outer including
that
these
that it should probably
surfaces
only
edge contrast
in strong
in color,
show
rarely
the rounded
made
separately. of the rim
bottom
joins the
all examples that would have
of
On
or
to the ochre
be ascribed
A
of wheel-trimming.
characteristic
at the point where
(P 28447, P 33053)
surfaces, a lid, are dark by
covered
This feature
may exterior
homogeneous is deeper than
the prominent
display
slight lip on two pieces
been
form
examples is 671,
one
salmon
to firing practice
not
interior.
rather than
any darkening.
The attendant lid for both forms is fairly high and conical, with a solid knob (lid Form 5); the two have been found in association (e.g., lopas 670 with lid 733), and some of the lids are made of Lopas 5 cooking fabric. A similar lid, but with a knob in the form of a ring foot (as 745),
Forms
Cyprus,
4 and at Corinth, in Israel,
50. P 33053
(lopas)
5 are
Demetrias, on the west and P 33054
(lid),
and coast from
of
local
fabric
have had lids of different over
documented
4 lopas
Form
fragmentary
that local imitations might
attesting found
a
accompanied
Stobi,
a wide
area:
on
islands
of Asia
deposit
the Minor,
T 27:1.
and
in addition
found
in a Sullan
context,50
forms. to Athens,
of Euboia, Crete, in the Black Sea
Delos, region
they
have
Rhodes, (see Map
been and 5).
COOKING
186
WARE
The source is unknown. John Hayes initially suggested an Italian origin for casseroles of Form 5 from Paphos that, from his description, may be of Lopas 5 cooking fabric.51 More he
however,
recently,
has
characterized
a likelier possibility,
Minor,52
and
them
it seems
to me,
their
as
lids
attendant
of Asia
products
of the
distribution
in view of the widespread
in the East.
form
Other
Lopades
4 inventoried Four
(672-675)
PL
85,
Fig.
69
examples represent
lopades
single
to Form
in shape
related
of casseroles
examples
5 but
different
in a variety of details. 672, dating to the late 3rd or early 2nd century on the basis of context, has a narrower rim and a wall that is slightly constricted at the top, just below the rim. The fabric is remarkably fine and thin-walled, though similar to that of the Form 5 lopas 664. It is that
then,
possible,
it comes
in its straight is thick and angled
at the bottom.
on the earlier forms. Although the form
the post-Sullan as P 11478,
of
is not
It is probably half of the
period. of the first
wide
rim (675), from amixed Hellenistic
general
a variant
to 668,
resemblance
to such a.d.53
1st century
and Early Roman of
4
the Form
those
a new
to be
taken
flat-bottomed
It bears and
rim
briefly
by
of handle
details
a
with
lopas
is unparalleled.
context,
form casse
the typical fabric of that type.
and its gritty red fabric is quite unlike
are different,
small,
lopas,
5
the wall
from
different
one-handled
but
It
of Form and
rounded,
two-handled, A
5.
Form
some Sullan destruction
be
thus
than
casseroles
also
included can
and
fills,
ancestral
are
treatment
itwas found
Sullan
in other
F, resembles than rather
Group is flat
this form.
be associated with rim
same
The
5 lopades.
narrower
and much
surface
the fill where
attested
roles
a
that should probably
and
Fabric
as the Form
the world
a thicker
unusual
from
debris,
of
part
wall (673) has lopas a Sullan context. from Robinson's 674, wall and outturned rim, but the bottom
second
comes
same
in two lids (740, 741)
fabric is also found The
the
from
PANS AND PARCHERS for
Precedents
the
shallow
broad,
cooking
vessels
presented
are
here
discussed
a flat-bottomed, shape, perhaps griddlelike Sparkes and Talcott,54 who distinguish between a as to be identified the xdyTivov (and here called shape, which pan), and a round-bottomed as a aetacov or cpp^yexpov). Except (the ancient identify parcher have flat in this category vessels most of the Hellenistic parchers, of rim. in handles and treatment much variety a common in Attica, the pan was never its long history Despite they
for a few Early bottoms, form
Hellenistic there
though there,
is
it is sig
and
in the local pantry by the chytra and lopas (see Chart 16, p. 166). nificantly outnumbered Seven forms have been distinguished (though one could multiply among the Agora material in them, only one the number by sorting out individual examples that vary details). Among (see Chart 20). Both local and imported ves (Form 1) is present inmore than 10 examples sels are The
represented, of exteriors
floor
the
reason
III, p.
128, no.
forms
are
the pans
49,
and
p.
130, no.
10,11. 52. Hayes
2000,
p. 288,
often
imitating but left rough,
usually to sticking, prevent polished of fat during the draining
occasionally to facilitate and
51. Paphos
local
with
caption
to
fig.
6:1-3.
4, fig. XXVII:
imported interiors
ones. are
sometimes
wet-smoothed,
or
presumably grooved, could These vessels cooking. 53. Agora V, p. 42, no. G 190, pis. 54. AgoraXIl, pp. 228-229.
7, 72.
for
the have
same been
PANS AND 60
PARCHERS
187
-i-?^-1
Deposit sample
Inventory
50
40
30
20
0 |tl Parcher
Pan 1
Pan 2
20. Parcher
Chart
,?n
,dl
,11
,dl
Pan 3
and
Pan 4 in
forms
pan
, ,1 I In
,11 Pan 5
deposit
sample
and
Pan 6
Pan 7
inventory
or to various over the fire, or baking in an oven.55 uses; put sauteing frying are too undersides blackened the floors show and heavily by fire; darkening, entire surface of the vessel is gray. The blackened interiors bear witness may
overcooked
meals,
as braziers,
served
have
sometimes (e.g.,
have
682,
but it has also been
689)
Parcher
supporting the case, but
been must
surely
suggested
some the
indicate
that
other
Shape:
Comparanda:
(6 in deposit
shallow Broad, rim and handle
vessel
with
curved
of fish,
15, pi.
from
also
20, 34, Fig. 86, PL 70
various
bottom;
Steinberg 1990, pi. 13:655
Metzger 116 (ca. 230/220-180);
curved and
while bottoms, Talcott publish
Four such objects
(1988, pp. tagenon, which
but
for
c^_-.--^^
and
McCredie,
Vanderpool, 3rd century);
55. Bats the
as a grill.56 This may well on some maintained pans food. cooking such
cm.
to the end of of the 5th century quarter or to beans the vessel used parch barley,
for
or
forms.
28.1-51.0
A group of vessels with same function. Sparkes
inventoried
to scorched
Ca. 425-275
no. Ca
corn-popper.
the the
floors
carefully polished were used they
sample)
all
sometimes
(e.g., 681, 682, 689) could
Charts
examples
Size: Diam. Date:
device,
cooking
(676-678)
4 inventoried
that larger pans
Almost
to meat
50-51) refer and
discusses most cakes.
the ancient
frequently Berlin makes
to
date.
testimonia the
cooking a distinction
a pan and the baking dish sided) straight (usually connects with She the with the walls). pan (usually spreading a of egg-based concoctions such as patinae, preparation staple
in details
different four
of form, may in date ranging
examples,
4th.57
They shaken
being
(two previously
of Hellenistic
deposits
the
1962, p. 39, no. 53, pi. 20 (Koroni, first third of Tenosl, p. 216, (Eretria, first half of 3rd century); no. 99 244, 1979, D428, (Berenike). p. Riley fig.
that these suggest over the fire, much
published Two
are
all from
very
shallow,
of Roman
cooking (TelAnafall.l, 56. AgoraXIl, p. 228; Sparkes 2000, p. 129.
a
the
the
last
have been may like a modern
by Sparkes and Talcott) with
share
regular,
have been rounded
p. 104). 1962, p. 129, pl. V:5; Hatzidakis
57. 677 and P 10128, P 26966, P 26972 (AgoraXIl, pp. 228
between
229,
375,
nos.
1987-1990,
fig.
17, pl. 96).
188 bottom
up
curving
COOKING
WARE
to a well-defined
continuously
rim
been polished or worn smooth. The complete the other (P 26966)58 is only a small fragment, can
number
come
be
but
determined,
from a single deposit
their
example so neither was
arrangement
between
dating
that
the
overhangs
floor,
(677) has two horizontal the form of the handles somewhat
clearly
325 and 275. A
which
handles; nor their
different.
(676),
larger pan
has
Both
in
simpler
the overhanging broad rim, has a single oriented; loop handle, vertically a very close in a smaller it finds of the late 5th The fourth pan parallel century.59 example, to be a a between the parcher and the pan. Like a pan, it has thick walls, 678, appears hybrid and thick handles, but the bottom is curved, like that of a sloping, pie-plate profile, parcher, come it shared the function of the vessels discussed. All four of these vessels suggesting just from material from the later 4th and early 3rd century. Two uninventoried deposits containing form
and
without
in Early Hellenistic
have also been found
fragments turn
in later
up Early Hellenistic even standard, Hellenistic
use
deposits,
of
times,
period. Alternatively, one for the purpose.
as a curved
to be
appears shape of the form suggests rarity and have taken they may
The
periods. in early
perhaps
cooks
occasional
deposits. Although
the
learned
that metal
fragments
in the Classical
concentrated
must
versions
over
its function
that
a flat bottom
have
and been in the
completely was as convenient
Pan, Form i : Charts 20, 34, Figs. 86, Pis. 70, 71 with
Plain,
Handles
6 to 8 inventoried
(679-683) (49 in deposit
examples
sample)
~
^ -_________
^ Flat bottom; low, slightly flaring wall; plain rim; two to rim and fol in section, round attached handles,
Shape:
the angle 18.2-41.5
lowing Size: Diam. Date:
Ca.
_ ?
of the wall. cm.
180 to 1st century 1970, p. 156, no.
ca. 190-150); 182, pl. 71 (Dipylon Well B2, AbschnittVlll, and Schnapp 2000, p. 292, fig. 19:1 (Isthmia, 2nd century); Kalpaxis, Furtwangler, no. to first third of 1st 31 2nd century K258, (Eleutherna, p. 106, century); fig.
Braun
Comparanda:
1999, p. 138, no. 253, pis. 29, 30 (Troy, 225-175); Hiibner
Hayes 1994, Berlin
1984, p. 182, fig. 7 (Be?ik
p. 49, no. K189,
Tarsusl, p. 229, fig. 187:A (late 3rd pl. 17 (Pergamon); Tepe); AvPXll, and Dunand to early 2nd century); 2000, p. 292, fig. 18:2 (Beirut, 2nd century); Hayes near :a Guz-Zilberstein 81 Duru 1995, el-'Amed, 1962, p. 198, fig. (Oumm Tyre, local); Tel 1st 3rd 6.17 6.23a:ll-15, 300-301, (Dor, century); pp. early early through photo fig. no. PW302,
1912, vol. 2, 125, local); Macalister pis. 34, 81 (presentby 1957, (Gezer); Nessanal, p. 292, Shape 51, pl. LI; Kruglikova p. 217, vol. 3, pl. CLXXIX:9 Zhuravlev and and Tolstikov 95:9,11,98:6, 7,10 2004, pp. 271, 275, pis. p. 126, fig. 7:18, before [Crimea], 135/130); (Neapolis Zaytsev 2004, p. 755, pl. 354:12 (Pantikapeion); no. 59:44 Adriani 292, 2000, 44, fig. 1936, p. 142, (Alexandria); p. fig. 18:3 Hayes ca. 100). (Pelusium, p. Ill,
Anafall.l,
A broad,
shallow pan with thick, sloping walls,
documented
throughout
are various form
of
the Mediterranean
58. AgoraXll, 59. P 10128
in the Hellenistic
and
p. 375,
no.
(Agora XII,
1989, p. 375,
pi. 96. no. 1987,
fig.
17, pi. 96).
pie pan, iswell
Roman
or absence by the presence primarily distinguished a handle As a frying pan, with handles. short, heavy single
forms, those
in shape similar to an American
periods. and of handles set
diagonally,
There by
the it is
PANS AND to the Roman
restricted the Hellenistic
forms, rim, and
to the
tached
PARCHERS
The Roman period.60 a handleless include which a
189
a descendant is however, probably a pan with two horizontal handles
vessel, pan,
as well
lug handles between
with
of at
as the one-handled
(Forms 1-3), pan frying can a One them when is In vessel (Form 7). pan distinguish only relatively complete. context in both the Agora the and handleless record, pottery published fragments predomi come but they may of course have from one of the other forms. the two-handled Since nate, to have been form from the more at Athens, rim the commonest seems, vessels, complete to the two-handled sherds of this form were form ascribed unless the (Form 1) in the count, of a handle
absence The
could
be
with
certainty. common
1 is the most
Form
thick-walled
sturdy,
documented
pan
the Athenian
of
assemblage.
The bottom is a heavy, flat slab, to which the wheelmade wall is attached; this often results in an offset at the junction of wall and floor inside. On one example (680) the underside has a raised
at the
circle
the negative some braziers
center, on found
feature
that
is also
usually
slightly concave
vertical.
The
to the exterior
two handles
on which (e.g.,
and rather widely flaring;
the
follow
of a bat impression of local manufacture
of
the wall.
The
it was 783,
constructed, 787). The wall
a is
the wall of 681 is unusually
interior
is usually wet-smoothed, angle a to but the floor of 682 has been burnished fine much like that on a well carefully polish, cared-for cast-iron skillet. Even if this finish was applied the it would have maker, by required and I suspect that this pan has and maintenance, per repeated enjoyed cleaning polishing, oil and some abrasive, such as salt. haps with There is a great of size, and considerable of fabric. One is prob range (680) variety piece
ably local, but four or five (e.g., 679, 681, 682), of
inclusion
abundant
brown,
to Phocaea
Pan
(see pp. 47-48, the locally made 680 apparently Attic potters. shape by There
is also,
griddle, other
fabric characterized
or gray and which is amber, crystals, possibly 1 In it is certainly fabric). any event, cooking furnishes another of the imitation example
a Classical
however,
two pierced
pan with
share a distinctive
for
precedent
lug handles,
dating
the
a broad,
at Athens:
shape
to be
assigned not Attic, and of an imported flat-bottomed
in the 5th century.61 Sparkes and Talcott
it was used for making suggesting pancakes, device. The from cooking shape disappears
but the
also record
as a
perhaps (except
by the
support for some
call it a for
some
small
frag
ments of uncertain form) until the middle of the Hellenistic period, when it was perhaps from without. The earliest context for the Hellenistic reintroduced form is E 14:6, a largely 3rd-century deposit, a number of good
ficient grounds
which intrusive
to push
a
contained of
sherds
single the 2nd
uninventoried
the includes fragment; deposit and does not constitute suf however,
century,
the date back so far. By the end of the first third of the 2nd century,
was well established: there are five in the Komos Cistern (M 21:1) shape examples in N 20:7, deposits in ca. 170 and 160, laid down to The form continues respectively. occur in considerable numbers for the remainder of the Hellenistic Its descendants period. are found well into the common two or a handles era, often with piecrust single, frying-pan handle.62 the
however, and six
A variant of this form (683) has a projecting, handles. it in the
The late
fabric 2nd
or
too early
is unusual,
with
many
pink
and white
inclusions.
Context
dates
see Loeschcke 1912, pp. 393-394, Tarsusl, (Candarh); pp. 239, 269, nos. 350, 723, figs. fig. no. 25, 159:H, 190, 201; Sackett 1992, pp. 212-213, pl. 157, 1979, p. 255, no. D473, p. 216, no. 24, pl. 161 (Knossos); Riley with a distribution for the form in the fig. 101 (Berenike), map Early Roman (p. 254, fig. 51). period nike).
p. 375,
no.
1983,
17, pl. 96).
(AgoraXIl, fig. with see handle, 1983, examples frying-pan Hayes pp. 107, 126, nos. 99, 102, fig. 9 (Knossos); 2000, p. 292, Hayes Tarsusl, p. 275, no. 803, fig. 206; AvPXIA, fig. 18:4 (Mytilene); 1979, pp. 252-256, p. 160, no. 376, pl. 56; Riley fig. 101 (Bere 62. For
large
1st century.
60. See n. 62 below. 61. P 21945
slightly down turned rim and slightly upturned
For piecrust
10:10
handles,
190
COOKING
WARE
Form 2:
Pan, without
Plain,
Handles
4 to 6 inventoried
(684-688) (2 in deposit
examples
1, but without Shape: As Form cm. Size: Diam. 19.0-26.0
handles.
2000, p. 311, no. 42, fig. 15 (Ath Vogeikoff-Brogan Stobi form 3, first half ens, Sullan); 1087, pl. 127 (Hellenistic cooking Tel Anafa of 1st century); II.l, p. Ill, nos. PW 298-301, pis. 34, 81 (present by 125); also the following Samaria III, p. 228, no. 1, fig. 40:1. Probably fragmentary examples: no. 468, 191:F 1:1, 120, Tarsusl, B, 40; 239, 190:A, (mid-2nd p. p. EphesosXIII: figs. pl. no. to 1st century); XXXIV 2nd 99, fig. (late local?); Dothan century, Paphos III, p. 139, examples) I, p. 130, no.
fig. 45:9
42-43,
1976,
pp. 312:5
85-75); examples,
end
(Akko,
of
Dothan
(Sha'ar Ha-Amakim); pl. to 1st century), pp. 168-169, Pallares [Crimea]); (Neapolis
(685,
-y
-^
^-"
Ca.
Comparanda:
Aylwin one
2004, pp. Mlynarczyk 24:6 62-63, (Ashdod, fig.
pp.
(3rd-lst
like amodern
the undersides 1, however, are links with the other form
The
688).
1971,
fig. 79:3 Salvador
of Form
pans
1st century);
638-639, late 2nd
Zaytsev 2004, pl. 354:2, 6, 9 sankca. 1979, p. 166, fig. 21:6, 7 (Spargi wreck, two Cotton 1983, p. 378, no. 487, fig. 149 (Cozzo Presepe, Metapontum, ca. 250). from a context dated before
is the simplest of forms: shaped
Unlike
,
sample)
180 to 1st century to Hellenistic (limited
Date:
This
Charts 20, 34, Fig. 87, Pl. 71
century);
pie pan, with a plain rim and no handles.
of
these
are
vessels
convex
slightly
two are
for
however,
strong,
sometimes
made
imports
of
the same fabric (Pan 1 cooking fabric) as several examples of pans of Form 1 (684, 685), and hence possibly Phocaean products. One of these (684) is incomplete, and might originally have
had
but
handles,
of
685,
the
same
is certainly
fabric,
in the 2nd
date
and
of a similar pan, however, of
the
at the
3rd
Pan,
Form
Size: Diam. Date:
Ca.
two
with
in a deposit
of Cozzo this
shape
Handles
(2 in deposit 1, but
Form
of
Tube
examples As
reported
small
example
sites. A fragment
other
dating no later than the first half
near Presepe, Metapontum,64 earlier within the Hellenistic
raising
the
period.
Charts 20, 34, Fig. 87, Pl. 71
(689)
sample)_ lug
^-_-____-______-__r
handles.
cm.
31.8-34.6 125-86
Hatzidakis
p. 129, fig. 3:24, pl. 78:y, right ca. 125); 34 Pelagatti by (present pl. to mid-lst mid-3rd (Akrai, century).
Comparanda:
One
from most
to data
this conforms
settlement
production
3: Plain,
2 inventoried Shape:
has been small
century of occasional
possibility
and
1st centuries,
handleless.
ware and shows no sign of burning; itwas (573).63 Our examples, like those of Form 1,
(686) ismade of a soft fabric akin to household found together with a chytra of the same fabric
no.
2000,
(Delos,
90-70);
1970,
p. 490,
PW 303,
TelAnafall.l, no. 79, figs.
p. 73:g,
112, 76:d
Two identical examples in the Agora inventory are like Form 1 except for the handles, long, unusual (though different cylindrical lugs that hug the rim closely. On both the fabric is from
that of
63. Cf.
a small
also
proximately and a slightly 64. Aylwin two fragments,
the
1 "Phocaean"
the Form
same
convex Cotton one
bowl
of
local
household with
shape, though wall (320). no. 1983 (p. 378,
from
a context
with
series),
fabric
a narrower
487,
of ap bottom
fig. 149) reports 2nd- and 1 st-century
containing
disturbance,
some
but from
the other the 4th
III) dating of disturbance. dence occurrence
of the
of golden
flecks
This shape
from
and
into
a context the 3rd
constitutes known
mica,
to me.
(from
and
the
site B, phase with no evi
century, the only apparently
early
PANS AND two must
be
PARCHERS
191 in the Mediterranean.
The imports. at the examples Agora Tel Anafa documents the
has been reported sporadically shape come to 1 st-century from late-2ndas as ca. 125. It appears early shape the lugs often receive finger impressions,
two
in Roman
when
times,
is not documented
treatment
This
Form
Pan,
at Tarsus,
unit
tic-Roman
thus
Rim
4: Flanged
3 inventoried
in Hellenistic the
before
Athens, of
to have
a
at
handle.
piecrust
in the Hellenis
it appears
though
1st century
the
example more common
been
forming B.C.65
Charts 20, 34, Fig. 87, PL 71
(690-692)
(2 in deposit
examples
end
contexts,
The
an
but
(A j*
sample)
Shape: Flat bottom; deep body with straight, sloping
/
\_
j
to interior; two handles, rim lightly flanged to rim, in section, attached line of wall. round following cm. Size: Diam. 28.9-33.5 wall;
Date: Three
Ca.
pans of is deeper,
shape
120-100 local manufacture there
are
have
flat
bottoms
wheel
pronounced
and
ridges
on
handles the
like pans interior wall,
1, but the rim has a
of Form and
the
flange on the interior. The flange seems to have been designed for a lid, but without much since the placement of the handles on 690 would interfere with one. 690 and forethought, 691 appear to represent a brief experiment of the late 2nd century, possibly an inept imita a thinner orlo bifido pans. rim, and convex 692, with wall, wider imported an comes to related them. It from Roman context, loosely only Early although, it be well residual. may fragment, tion
of
Pan,
Form
5: Grooved
7 inventoried
Floor
Charts 20, 34, Fig. 88, PL 71
(693-698)
(10 in deposit
examples
sample)
^^^^^^^
Shape: Flat bottom; fairly light, spreading or flaring wall; variable rim treatment, but usually with groove to receive lid on interior; floor scored with deep, parallel grooves; two handles, round in section, attached to rim and following angle of wall. ^^^^^^^^ . Size: Diam. 24.5-27.0 cm. ^\ ^.^ Date: Mostly 250-200, with one later example ^? The variability within
this group
is perhaps
is bottom, as a small
y^^^^ffi^^M^v Yn 11^^^^^^^? \^l ^^^Kf|^W ^^^^^Bll^#
]P\\ )/
/} to be classed as a single
too large for itsmembers
The main for the sake of convenience. "form," uniting they have been brought together of the floor, marked The characteristic is the treatment with grooves. closely parallel spaced, was excess treatment to to this of and off drain purpose grease; prevent sticking presumably term yaoTp67i;Tn<;, a device, associated such the vessels with with Amyx grooving tentatively but
for cooking but there is little to support sausages,66 apparently, are and more 1-4 thin-walled than the pans of Forms lighter convex curve sides are sometimes into and may slightly gently
is grooved uniform
on the interior to receive a lid (e.g., 693, 695-697). in size and
in the
lightness
of
the wall,
and
all come
link. Most
the
discussed the wall.
Four from
above. In five
of
these The
cases
(e.g., 693-695)
deposits
containing
pans under
the
rim
are very mate
rial of the later 3rd and early 2nd century. Two (see 693) are made of the same fine fabric found in early Form 3 lopades and their lids (Micaceous cooking fabric, see p. 40), and they 65. Tarsusl, p. 239, see n. 62 above.
no.
350,
fig.
190. For Roman
examples,
66. Amyx
1958,
p. 232,
n.
118.
COOKING
192
of the 3rd century. A fifth pan
may all be local products and
and
fabric,
itmay
WARE
an
be
import,
not
perhaps
though
is slightly different
(696)
far distant
from
in form in date,
the others
coming as it does from a deposit of the second half of the 3rd century and first third of the 2nd century. All of the uninventoried fragments also come from deposits with a substantial
and more
a Late
from
Hellenistic
than
made
crudely
pans
from
residual. 698, however,
earlier
6: Orlo
Form
10 inventoried Shape:
(8 in deposit
examples
Flat
bottom;
usually
convex
slightly
Comparanda:
is deeper, for
provision
a
a dump of Sullan debris
Charts 20, 34, Fig. 89, Pl. 72
(699-707)
wall,
fairly
thin
narrow
to outside;
and
V-I W_________=_?I
groove
/
rim. cm.
140 to 1st century
Ca.
fragment,
sample)
vertical
nearly
in top of plain Size: Diam. 17.0-38.0 Date:
Pan
Bifido
no
with
contexts,
lid; itwas found in the Roman upper fill of a cistern that contained (M 20:1) and probably dates in the Late Hellenistic period. Pan,
it is a small
but
context,
to 693 and 696, and it is probably
closely similar in profile heavier,
comes
697
component.
3rd-century
a.d.
no. 76, Slane 1986, p. 291, no. 90, 1980, pp. 154-155, fig. 5 (Corinth, Tiberian); Wright of 1st century a.d.); Bruneau third quarter 1970b, p. 259, no. D 222, fig. 15 (Corinth, 2004, p. 653, pis. 319:y, 320:9 (Delos); pl. 49 (Delos, first third of 1st century); Hatzidakis nos. form 1); Paphoslll, 127 1083, 1084, pl. Stobil, p. 129, (Hellenistic p. 128, cooking no.
153, no.
and 1st century, 9 (late 2nd century respectively; Tel local Italian and 16:3-5 2000, p. 291, fig. versions); (Beirut, Italian?); Hayes import ca. 125, Italian and lo nos. PW 278-283, pp. 106-107, pis. 32, 81 (present by Anafall.l, ca. 120, Italian); no. before andHarlaut 28 2002, p. 105, 27, fig. (Alexandria, cal); Hayes to form 3 and 3a, Augustan 1979, pp. 247-250 (Berenike, Early Roman cooking Riley nos. ca. no. 7 mid-2nd 4, fig. 1976, p. 40, (Cosa, 200), pp. 68-69, century a.d.); Dyson ca. to nos. 18 29 9-13, 89, 20), pp. 119-120, (1st 5-7, (before 70), p. century, fig. fig. nos. 22-25, half of 1st 45 1950, p. 72, no. 60, a.d.); Lamboglia (first century figs. 44, 50, p.
fig. XXVII:8,
53,
2nd and 1st p. 8, fig. 1:2, 4 (Pompeii, 1st of first 1975, p. 208, century a.d.); quarter (Pompeii, and Massari form Trere 2 Chiaramonte 89:8,90:1, 5); 1984, pp. 147-148, (Pompeii, pis. Bats 159 131:1-4 Ratti 1977, pp. 617-618, 1988, pp. (Luni); group 26b, p. 601, fig. 3, pl. 38 43-45, 1973, Italian); [Provence], 160, nos. 1087-1090, pp. (Olbia type Vegas pl. to Pallares Salvador 15 123 1979, p. 166, Mallorca, 14, fig. (Pollentia, Augustan); et al. 1978, pp. 63-64, ca. 85-75); Tchernia sank 2 wreck, 21:1, pl. XXIL4 (Spargi fig. sank 60-50). (Var wreck, fig. 31
50-20);
(Albintimilium, Bruckner centuries);
of
feature
distinctive
The
these
and
as a result
concentrating
on
have
pans
been
widely occurrences,
eastern
1965,
fig. 205:3
is the
detail that has given rise to their nickname, fied
Bruckner
rim, marked
by
a narrow
"orlo bifido' pan. Through
published; well-dated
the
instances
cited
contexts,
or
full
groove
on
the
top,
a
it they are easily identi above
are
discussions.
only
a The
sample, form
centers of production: several there were in the West, Italy, although probably originates seem not are well imitations local and Africa and North those of Campania documented,67 but is uncertain, invention of the form's date The to have been unusual. probably precise is at Cosa, western context earliest The of the 2nd century. in the third quarter sometime
where
fragments
67. See discussion
have been in Riley
1979,
found
p. 248.
in the Forum Gate and the Capitolium
fill deposits,
with
PANS AND dates
closing
around
in the
and
200
intrusive, 70 and contained
may though, about laid down
form
the
since
be
second
the 2nd
of
These, century, respectively.68 was which until V-D, deposit again numbers. suggests Dyson Consequently,
quarter does not
occur
in some
the form
193
PARCHERS
at Cosa.69 Eleven shape at Porticada levels at the Calle excavated Pollentia, a to be in 123/2.70 What appears example complete
a range of the earliest
B.C.
100
founded
to a.d.
for
50
the
have
examples a Roman comes
from
been
in
found on
Majorca circumvallatio
colony the
in 134/3.71 If this association is correct, this is the earliest context built by Scipio at Numantia known tome. Imported examples are present at Tel Anafa by 12572 and inAthens by 110 (see common were bifido pans few thereafter; reports Riley at Berenike.74
a.d.
in the
Orlo
below). declined
B.C. and
1st centuries from
fragments
levels
a.d.,73 but their popularity than the mid-2nd century
later
contacts. on eastern clear evidence of western sites provides of orlo bifidopans on a similar in con in 1912 made Andrea Berlin, by S. Loeschcke suggestion expanding of a the introduction that the form marks red-ware with Pompeiian nection argues plates,75 new and in ancient the quichelike Roman of food, cookery.76 patinae popular variety foreign The
presence
few orlo bifido pans have been
Surprisingly Corinth,
and
familiar
to
to me,
but
be
this may
only from Athens,
examples simply
because
is not
the form
there.
working the forms
archaeologists from pans differ
These
are known
Delos
perhaps
in Greece;
reported
described
in their
above
thin walls,
their
greater depth, however, pans, they combine nearly a slab bottom mended and a wheelmade 699 was meticulously with wall. thin) (here quite was was a valued not easy that it that lead swallowtail possession perhaps clamps, suggesting to but there is considerable and these of 699-702 is not The fabric variation, local, replace. and
vertical
their
and
has
grainy, of Campanian
somewhat
diverge
Group form was
E
is the
being so seems
debris, 2nd
examples in form
the
from
for
other
In some
the fabric
examples
a
description also local imitations wider
or a thick wall
examples
(703-707). in the rim,
grooves
orlo bifido pan at the Agora, ca. 110. It is most common by popularity are imported,
to match
slightly that These
a convex
(703, 707).
an
its greatest
is fine,
seems
that
with
models,
(705-707),
into Athens enjoyed earliest
Like
inclusions, there are
imported
body
context
imported to have
source.
tiny black at Berenike.77 But
earliest
to 86. The
century
one
curve.
of
(704), a spreading
underside
than
amounts
large
a convex
with
from more
emanate
must
pieces
walls
demonstrating in Sullan
from
perhaps but both
the local
that
the
destruction
of last quarter imitations and
the im
ports are found in Sullan debris. A few fragments come from deposits laid down later in the 1st century, but with a large component of Sullan debris (e.g., 704, from the upper fill of N 19:1). It seems likely that import of Italian pans may have ceased or greatly decreased after the
sack
Without
68. Dyson fig. 7. 69. Dyson 70. Vegas IV-VI,
levels
71. Koenen circumvallatio, II. 1, p. 105, two contexts
(as was the case with of the the stimulus
1976,
p.
21,
no.
CF
p. 119. 1973, chart facing see p. 3.
the
Italian
imports,
6, fig.
1; p. 40,
with which the pans amphoras local imitations have ceased may
no.
FG
4,
1976,
p. 6, no.
14; for
the date
of
for the date of the 1929, p. 292, fig. 70:30; see p. 284. Note a small correction to Tel Anafa n. 230, where of the of dates misunderstanding to list those at Pompeii and Gabii leads Berlin
as
occurrences of the form. Pottery particularly early at to the "Stall" in the Casa del Fauno dates Pompeii a.d. first quarter of the 1st century 1975, (not b.c.) (Bruckner dates between the 2nd p. 207) and the fill of the well at Gabii two sites
from
the
B.C. and century b.c. and before)
the mid-lst (Vegas
1968,
century p. 52).
a.d.
(not early
1st century
may have as well.
traveled)
.78
72. TelAnafall.l, p. 106. for instance, 73. Note, the large number at Trere 1984, pp. (Chiaramonte Pompeii b.c. wreck st-century 64, 341 fragments). 74. Riley 1979, p. 249.
mid-1
75.
Loeschcke
at Var
of fragments found and on the 147-148) et al. 1978, pp. 63 (Tchernia
the similarity pp. 397-398. Noting at ne in and Qandarh, plates Germany, Italy, that the meal in them flat cakes, suggested prepared (large, in his view) was the plates for necessary along with exported its preparation.
between
1912,
such
76. TelAnafall.l, pp. 22, 105-106. 77. Riley Fabric B. 1979, p. 239, Imported of the 78. For a summary evidence, amphora pp. 127-128.
see Will
1997,
194
7: Frying
Form
Pan,
3 inventoried Shape:
Size: Date: Comparanda:
Pan
COOKING
Charts
(708-710)
(6 in deposit
examples
WARE
20, 34, Fig. 89, Pl. 72
sample)
Flat bottom;
low, nearly straight wall; slightly thickened rim with groove in top; one horizontal, tubular with flaring ends. handle Diam. Ca.
<____________^^\ ^-1--^~^
cm.
27.3-29.5
250-200
no. B 68, 1993, pp. 76-77, Vogeikoff figs. 42, 43, pl. 116 (grooved no. Corinth rim, Athens, VII.3, pp. 131-132, 700, pis. 32, 62 (incurved 275-225); rim); = Bruneau Hatzidakis 1970b, p. 259, no. D 225, pl. 49 2000, pp. 128-129, pl. 78:(3 (in rim forms)
(various
curved
rim, Delos, on brazier,
resting nos. 387, 388, pl.
1st century); 1998, p. 199, at center, Zapheiropoulou rim, Delos); Labraundall.l, p. 286, under no. 207 (projecting p. 77, Aubert Guz-Zilberstein 2002, pp. 79-81, fig. 21 (plain rim, Beirut); 19; first
third
1995, p. 300, fig. 6.23a:l-4 rim, Sha'ar Ha-Amakim);
of
2004, p. 638, pl. 312:1-4 Mlynarczyk (plain nos. Samarialll, 23, 23a, fig. 41 (plain rim); Fischer p. 232, Briend and Humbert 1989, p. 185, fig. 13.3:27 1980, p. 108, (plain rim, Tel Michal); and 11:4 Tel before Keisan, 1970, pl. 33:21 130); Dever, Lance, pl. Wright (plain rim, Smith, and Hennessy McNicoll, 1982, pl. 129:16 (plain rim, Gezer); (plain rim, Pella rim, Dor);
(plain
2002, p. 115, no. 4, pl. 73 (thickened rim, Alexandria, ca. 200); Carter no. context of from CD Italian, 1998, 89-4, fig. 4.5 on 727, p. probably to 4th Lake late rim, Metapontum, 1934-1935, p. 118 (thickened early 3rd century); XVIII:13 mid-3rd Conti 1989, 106, 13, (Minturnae, pp. 282-284, p. century); pl. Type nos. 323, 324, Bats 4th to 3rd century); rim, Locri Epizephyrii, pis. 37, 48 (downturned Hayes
[Jordan]);
and Harlaut
pp. 160-161, Salvador 1979, p.
no.
1988,
166,
a modern
A one-handled ances
rim, Olbia pl. 38 (grooved fig. 21:5 (plain rim, Spargi wreck, 1098,
pan resembling in the Hellenistic period. more for likely parching,
It may
Pallares
[Provence]). Perhaps sank ca. 85-75).
rare and scattered appear pan makes only but used for frying, like its modern analog, The ultimate has suggested.79 Hatzidakis origin
frying have been
as
Panayiotis seems to be known there at least as early as the early 3rd in Italy?at the form least, is simi in details of shape, and none cited above The instances vary widely closely century.80 a are like shallow?more The Agora here. lar to the examples griddle frying pans presented on the others one a it is is the handle rim. On than a pan?and have hollow, (708) grooved once is a slab, the floor is sometimes the bottom solid. (on wheel-polished, mostly Although
perhaps be may
708) tops would
in the concentric of Form
The
applied
2 lids. The
interfere three
pattern grooved a lid.
with inventoried
examples
to the undersides
rim may are
be
very
a
purely
of early Form 3 lopades
decorative to one
similar
in size
another
and the
the handle
since
feature,
and
shape.
One
(710) comes from a closely dated 3rd-century deposit. The deposit where 708 and 709 were dis found (E 14:1) also has a large 3rd-century component, along with a Late Hellenistic on seems it of all the of and turbance. In view of the similarity 708, three, wheel-polishing at Athens may, the of Production material. the date with that shape 3rd-century they likely was in the If it revived so, then, be narrowly limited, to the second half of the 3rd century.81 1st century, when mon in a heavier
similar pans with with the pan version,
frying
but shape
are known.82
handles
longer more
our
like
Form
The into
1, well
is com shape the Roman
period.83 79. Hatzidakis
2000,
pp.
128-129.
1998, p. 727, no. CD 89-4, fig. 4.5 on p. 118, from at Metapontum. a context of the late 4th to early 3rd century around Edwards 81. Roger dated a frying pan from Corinth fabric and careful manufac 300, solely on the basis of its good from a context ture (Corinth VII.3, however, p. 131). It comes, 80. Carter
material
contained
that
and
2nd
century, of documentation
the date for
from the late 4th to the mid ranging to maintain in the absence is difficult the
shape
at
such
an
early
where. 82. E.g., P 11910 (AgoraV, 83. See n. 62 above.
p.
18, no.
F 79, pi.
1).
date
else
195
LIDS
Pans
Other
2 inventoried
(711, 712)
89
Fig.
examples
A single pan (711) has a convex bottom, spreading wall, and a wide, slightly downturned rim with a deep groove at the inner edge. The unique form and the unusual fabric identify it as an
the source may suggest approximate parallels a be made 712 may crudely frying pan, incomplete to be local. it appears from its fabric
is preserved;
been
have
import;
The
West.
although
in the
somewhere no
of a handle
trace
LIDS all forms
Although
of
lopas
to take a lid, lids are much ware
cooking
the
among
and
several
less common inventoried
lidded
lids. One
chytrai. be might
In every tempted
over
but
as some
were
pans,
as many
twice
lopades
designed
are 57 lids of
than bodies. There
and
lidded
chy
sample, with 349 lids for over 800 lopades
in the deposit
deposit to blame
as well
of chytra,
in the collection
pottery,
trai. A similar disparity was observed and
forms
are bodies sampled, this ratio on sorting,
more numerous substantially since lids are less diagnostic
than than
body shapes and might therefore be more likely to be discarded; but the disparity exits even in deposits excavated in the 1970s (e.g., P 20:2, P 21:4, R 13:9), where it appears from the amount and quality of the pottery that very little was discarded. Andrea Berlin has observed same
the
can
bowls,
practices. be should
at Tel Anafa84 disparity serve as lids.85 We might If a potter always made
and
out
points
that
other
types of vessels, this can tell us about
about what speculate a a lid and pot together, The fact that they are not
equal. approximately lids were manufactured without frequently matching a cook breaks a lid, but not the If pot following. cooking lids or any fairly flat vessel of appropriate it, since other take
he
a
breaks
functional, that then,
cooking but he
there
was
demand
saucers
ancient
potters' of both
numbers
preserved that vessels suggests lids. A
it covers, diameter
and
to designed this might be the to he does not need replace can be used to cover it. If reason
for
he must
to the pot in order replace keep his kitchen fully reason the for the It is above. lid, replace given likely, for pots without their for lids without lids, but not much pots, a certain number of without lids. by making pots
pot, however, not need does
that
and
the
like
to
the potters responded are Lids but there simple objects, not to is and it collection, easy group
is considerable
variation
in neat
them
among
compartments.
the
Among
examples the varieties
in our de
scribed below, Forms 1-3 are similar in profile but are differentiated by fabric and by the on a Form 4 Form has distinctive Form is 5 2. knob, polishing distinguished by its conical Form 6 by its flat profile, perfectly see Chart between 21. Associations to cover Talcott
can
sometimes
linked
domed
For the relative of these forms, shape. representations lid forms and the vessels have been intended they may on the basis of size, fabric, be recovered and context. and Sparkes lids with the lopas, flat ones with the chytra,86 but this association may
not have persisted into the Hellenistic period. Both a highly domed lid (Form 1, 715) and a flatter one (Form 3, 724) have been found with the standard Attic lopas of Form 3, and lids of Form 2 match Form 3 lopades in fabric. It looks, then, as though any one of these slightly different lids could accompany a Form 3 lopas. A domed lid (714) rather than a flat one was
found
probably
in
place not made
on
the
as a
chytra pair. The
602, large
but
the fabric
Form
of
5 lids can
the
two does
be
associated
so were not match, they some with confidence
with Lopas Forms 4 and 5. 84. Tel Anafa as 89 lid fragments, II.1, p. 115. She reports to 1430 casserole and 223 pan rims. opposed a similar observation, 85. Hatzidakis (2000, p. 127) makes that on Delos found noting pots are never cooking together with lids made to fit them. The num between correspondence
bers des
of pots Sceaux
found
with
and
lids
at Delos,
is closer, where
however, fragments
in debris
of
of at least
of 20 chytrai (13 of the fragments 11 and 9 2000, (Didelot pans p. 141). lopades, 86. Agora XII, pp. 226, 227-228, fig. 18.
the Maison 30
lidded
lids were variety),
COOKING
196 t-?
120
WARE
|
Deposit sample
Inventory
100-?
Form 1
Form 2 21.
Chart
1: Domed
Form
Lid,
9 inventoried
domed;
into
it continued
of
earliest
few
about 220 (715,716). Sparkes and Talcott 5th-
and
4th-century lid (714) size.88 One was
(715)
that,
ing
top.
^^r^__
pl. 30.
570,
of
3rd
in
but
century, lids of this main
Hellenistic a smoothed
have
examples was found
indicate
is typical of the 4th century.87 Contexts the
surface later
the domed
associated
examples
found
been
with
in the
the main
in association
A
but
century,
breaks
are made
voids.
many
3rd
series
series
but
after
the
same
smaller not
probably
after
of appropriate latest examples
with
on a Form 5 chytra, and place a small in size and fabric, lopas was not a there rigid period,
of
similar
that
off
lopas (lopas Form 1), and
the Classical
lid with
lopades one of the of Form
3
(644),
suggest between
correspondence
Comparanda:
Some
(72 in deposit with
21, 35, Fig. 90, Pl. 73
Charts
(717-723)
Slightly domed, most commonly
Size: Diam. Date:
pi. 95).
569,
occasionally
2: Polished
Form
Shape:
P10088,
very
and matches with, least in the Hellenistic
13 inventoried
87.
on
pot and lid type.
cooking Lid,
Early and
found at
inventory
21, 35, Fig. 90, PL 73
convex
knob,
flaring
slightly
years
inclusions
lid occurs
this
and
sample
^^^ ^^^ two later examples
inventoried
with
fabric,
version
the
seven
The
deposit
Other
sample)
lid with a flaring knob handle
A domed
fine
10.8-26.7
To
Comparanda:
that.
solid, cm.
Form 6
Form 5
Charts
(31 in deposit
ca. 275, with Kabirion III, p. 144, nos.
Date:
in
lids
Cooking-ware
(713-716)
examples
Shape: Highly Size: Diam.
Form 4
Form 3
sample) on exterior;
marks polishing solid and knob,
concentric
a small button
|
flaring.^^
^^
cm.
13.2-26.3
3rd century Kopcke
4th-century P 14655 (AgoraXII,
1992,
pp.
examples pp. 373-374,
320,
from nos.
393,
the Agora: 1962,1963,
nos.
412,
713, fig.
18,
284-287
(Samothrace,
88. P 10088 1963,
fig.
before
and P 10071; P 14655
18, pi. 95).
270).
(AgoraXll,
p. 373, nos.
1962,
197
LIDS
In most
details Form 2 is identical
exterior,
which
ismarked
with
to Form 1, but it is distinguished concentric
shallow
multiple
grooves
by the treatment or
of the It is a
marks.
polishing
uniform group in terms of fabric, with all but two of the core group (723 and P 6945) made of Micaceous cooking fabric, and they may all have been produced by a single shop during a short feature:
a more
with
720,
have
a solid
elaborate
knob
time. Most
of
period
button on
form of a low ring foot; and 723, where
the knob
and
721
show
722,
some
is vertically pierced,
in this
variation
the knob
where
takes
the
to allow the
probably
steam.
of
escape
a stem;
four
but
knob,
in the earliest years of the 3rd shape first shows up in F 11:2, which was deposited it in discarded and is well century, deposits only slightly later (F 16:8, R 13:9). represented one All but of the inventoried examples and 90% of the pieces in the deposit sample come The
from end
with deposits of the century.
of this lid with Somewhat
large 3rd-century The polishing
the of them laid down well before many components, an association and the Micaceous fabric suggest cooking
lopas Form 3, especially the core
outside
the earlier examples
lies 719, which
group
is larger,
(641-645). heavier,
and
comes
from
a
slightly
than the others (deposited ca. 170). It is also made of a different fabric (Schist fabric), but it exhibits the same polishing marks as the others. 718 is not as highly
later context cooking
as the others, the polished exterior
domed
Form
Lid,
3: Low
5 inventoried
examples
Ca.
3. It shares, however, of the shape. characteristic
of Form are
21, 35, Fig. 90
Charts
(724-727) (80 in deposit
Shape: Very low, only slightly cm. Size: Diam. 14.1-25.1 Date:
the emergence fabric that cooking
toward
pointing possibly and the Micaceous
sample)
domed
lid; solid knob.
^
4
?^
225-175
A group of very flat lids, again with solid knobs but made in a variety of fabrics, come from deposits of the later 3rd and early 2nd century. Over 80% of the fragments in context pottery also
come
from
deposits
of
this date.
The
knob
a small,
is usually
flaring
case iswider and flat on top (727). 726 fits a lopas of Form 3 with which so flat
like
lids
these
may
at
least
sometimes
have
as covers
served
for
but
button,
itwas found lopades
of
that
in one
(650), form.
a in which it has been found indicate that this lid accompanied The fairly large numbers common shape, and Lopas 3 would fit that description, although the profile ismore like that of the Classical lids that Sparkes and Talcott associated with the chytra. Lid, with
Form 4: Knob Large
8 inventoried Shape: Size: Date: This
form,
and
joined. inventoried
2nd-century
lar form
examples Large, Diam. Ca.
(35 in deposit
slightly domed cm. 23.3-25.5
21, 35, Fig. 90, PL 73
Charts
Domed, (728-730) sample)
lid with
hollow,
flaring
knob.
y I-__^
200-110
a low dome, a hollow is characterized made knob, separately by probably usually to the outside. out An un and its is The knob flares beveled top usually sharply occurs ca. 180, and the in in E 5:2, deposited appears regularly shape fragment contexts. simi lids of a fine, hard, brittle fabric and a somewhat Two imported
(740, 743) come from slightly earlier contexts
and may have provided
inspiration
WARE
COOKING
198
illustrated a lid of this form for the form within the local ceramic assemblage. Thompson (730) in Group E with a lopas of Form 5 (669), but pointed out that the lid is a bit too large that
and
to appear
begin lopades.
thus
dismiss
the
that
suggestion
that
add
5 cooking
the
two are
fabric,
of dif
also
and
they
also
than the standard version of the Form 4 and 5
record earlier
in the deposit
can
We
we may of Lopas
not
together;89 belong 4 are never, in fact, made
of Form
Lids
fabrics.
ferent
two do
the
therefore
were
forms
these
to go
designed
together.
The uniformly large size makes it unlikely, too, that Form 4 lids accompanied chytrai, whose mouths are usually of a smaller diameter. Possibly they were intended for the Form 3 lopas; one of the deposits that include Form 4 fragments of lopades of that form occur in all but lids,
some
lending
5: Conical
Form
Lid,
to the association.
support
13 inventoried
Size: Diam. Date:
wheel marks on prominent sometimes solid knob, profiled.
substantial
^^^^^^^_. ^?-'-?^
cm.
12.2-34.5
180 to 1st century
Ca.
Hatzidakis 25, pl. 20 (Eretria, second quarter of 2nd century); Tarsusl, 2000, p. 127, fig. 3:15, pl. 77:a (Delos, 90-70); p. 229, no. 223, figs. 135, 187 no. LVIILll 11, figs. XXVIL2, (end (second Paphos III, p. 164, quarter of 2nd century); of 2nd century?). 1997, p. 39, no.
Metzger
Comparanda:
Lids of Form 5 commonly rather
than
of
inventoried
the
sample)
lid; often
conical
Fairly high, lower wall;
Shape:
in deposit
(100
examples
21, 35, Fig. 91, PL 73
Charts
(731-735)
curved,
on the lower wall, and the wall is straight
display heavy wheel-ridging a conical
producing
is not
examples
local,
a lopas of Form 5 lopades: 733 with Form 4 (665). Both of these pairs fit a similar lid with a Form 5 lopas.90 It two forms of imported casseroles. The
and
a domed
than
rather
two were
The profile. in association
found
fabric with
of most imported
(P 13709b) with a lopas of (670), and a small fragment in terms of both size and fabric. At Paphos, Hayes links is probable, then, that this was the normal lid for those earliest instance (731) comes from a deposit laid down
all of Almost were in Athens. 4 lopades that Form it appears time present by which to continues after ca. 150, and the shape come discarded from deposits the others, however, are for their remarkable contexts. The Late Hellenistic in lst-century be common examples size 22.8-34.5 cm). (Diam. large ca.
175,
A conical there sible
lid of small size (735) was found with another
but which is only one example, source of the Form 4/5 lopades.
also
may
come
from
with
4 inventoried Shape:
89. Thompson Paphos
LVIILll
(the
1934,
10.3-13.3
p. 466,
n.
1, fig.
sample)
solid knob,
Small, flat lid with on top.
164,
of Asia
the pos
Minor,
Charts 21, 35, Fig. 91, Pl. 73
#
*1.
with
sometimes
finger
marks
cm.
121. no.
11, figs. XXVII:2, III, pp. p. 11 (casserole); lid), and p. 128, no. 49, fig. XXVII: 78-79;
coast
(661) of which
lopas
(736-739)
(7 in deposit
examples
Size: Diam.
90.
Marks
Finger
the
Form 6:
Lid, Flat,
imported
the ware Form
5.
as he
describes
it sounds
like
that
typical
for
lopas
BRAZIERS Date:
2nd
Two identical,
Sackett
STANDS
1973,
p. 389, no.
121, fig.
199
contexts
from
one maker,
(Vari, ca. 325-275).
11, right
flat lids (736, 737) with finger grooves on the top and a small
small, absolutely
from
presumably
and
Graham,
come
handle
knob
COOKING
century
Jones,
Comparanda:
AND
their
given
to
late 3rd
of the
and
rarity
2nd
early
century.
are
They 738,
contemporaneity.
local
of
products, half second
the
of the 2nd century, is flat but slightly larger, and lacks the grooves. Also of the second half of the century is 739; decorated with the finger grooves, but slightly domed rather than flat, it falls somewhere between Form 3 and Form 6. A fragment of a flat lid with a slightly differ ent
was
knob
Other
Lids
of
been
have
may
earlier than substantially times. several reinvented
date
the
range
21, Fig. 91, PL 73
Chart
examples
here are a miscellany,
lids discussed
are both
form
simple
so must
House,
(740-745)
7 inventoried
The
a
such
here;
conjectured
at the Vari
unearthed
same
the
several of them probably
thin, micaceous
hard,
fabric
have
and
knobs
740 and 741
imported. with
unusual
Of
profiles.
the same fabric is a small fragment of a thin-walled imported casserole (672). A large lid an a was found with elaborate and separately made knob (742) with serving dish (201) and have
may
its cover,
surface
(covered
the
although
of the Early Hellenistic
cal product the upper
as
served
fabric
is somewhat
in both
period. Unusual
with
thin,
parallel
the knob and the treatment in a porous,
is 743,
grooves)
a lo
it is probably
different;
gray
fabric
of that
to be local. The entire profile as well as the fabric of 744 sets it apart from other examples. On 745 the knob is in the form of a ring foot; like the reversible lid of
is unlikely Agora West
Slope
this
ware,91
(P 33054) was found are not
of
the
same
lid could
be
conveniently
reversed
and
the
record
weather?but
every domicile. occur
not
This afforded
possible, it also means
Perhaps
them,
preserves
when
tion?outside,
similar
size (though
piece
the two
fabric).
archaeological
sion for cooking.
A
plate.
with a Form 4 lopas of appropriate
in association
BRAZIERS AND COOKING As
as a
used
that
and
light
almost
were
were
better,
equipment
in the ceramic record until the any regularity scene the in numbers. upon significant The vessels under consideration here may be divided into and stands for hearths) (devices (portable cooking supporting with
2nd
of food prepara
inside
part
necessarily
was usually made
of
of metal,
two main over
in inclement
the
of
furniture
for braziers do when
century,
a
lack any provi
always
in the venue
flexibility ventilation
hearths
portable
this essential
in Athens
houses
the householders
where
STANDS
categories: the fire)
they
burst
braziers .92Braziers
pot numerous and most them are those with moldmade common, among a type that is very well the Mediterranean. (746-814), pot supports represented throughout A with handmade is also documented and the horse form, pot supports, (815-822), simpler are
by far
the more
shoe cooking stand
occur
stand appears in
only
one
or
in small numbers two
examples.
For
(823-827). the
Other
relative
types of brazier and cooking
representation
Chart 22. 91. AgoraXXlX, pp. 92. For the distinction
192-197, and
figs. 78-82. considerations
see of
terminology,
Acquarossall.l,
pp.
25-27.
of
these
forms,
see
COOKING
200
on Moldmade
Brazier Three
Low,
Shape:
slightly
underneath vent
hole;
(746-814)
(10 in deposit sample) or
conical
Pis. 74-87
Charts 22, 36, Figs. 92-95,
Stand, Supports
88 inventoried examples
WARE
high
f\
closed
stand,
cylindrical
/ ??\
/
at base; trapezoidal
and with molding
fire bowl with
hemispherical
HSR] fl
holes
-\
^
\
pierced
\t ^>"V,;i
^wio
through floor; projecting rim; three moldmade pot supports; two horizontal, recurved handles. 1 Size: H. to rim 21.8-49.4 cm.; Diam. of rim 24.4-40.0 cm. | Date: Ca. 175 to first half of 1st century J [\~~\ Comparanda: Conze 1890, Furtwangler 1891, Martens 1971, and Didelot 1997 (various sites); Mayence 1905, Le Roy 1961, Siebert 1970, and Didelot 2000 (Delos); Cal-
^_F\
ffj j I
\^A | I \[ /
'
/ J ( ^g_i_-___-^,
\\
j '
^A ^
1992, p. 129, nos. 22-28, laghan pl. 115 (Knossos); Coldstream 1999, p. 348, nos. 98-100, pl. 40 (Knossos);
EphesosXIII: 1:1,pp. 229-230, nos. 956, 958, pl. 70;
[~\/^\
1971, p. 80, nos. 235-240, pl. 16 (Didyma);
Tuchelt
Y-f
KymeI,pp. 85-87, nos. B 1-B 4, pl. 20;Leonard 1973 (Bodrum);?ahin 2003 (Knidos); PaphosIII,pp. 75-77, fig. XXVI, pis. XVII, XVIII; Papuci-Wladyka
J=J <3
(Israel);Didelot 1998 (Alexandria); Riley 1979, pp. 303Additional
(Berenike). under individual This
elaborate large, of the Hellenistic
half
panel
in the
floor
always
pierced
the holes also
would would these has
are
handles
recurved
the fire
of
bowl
to be
ashes
expect of braziers
lugs
if these found
others
are
pot thus that were
objects at the Agora
smooth
and without
762, 783, 788, 803, perhaps to support
fire
It is also
pots.
nicely,
the
within and
that
the
combining few of the projecting used for routinely are
often
cooking.93 so it is not
missing,
moldmade
detail,
that,
like
stoves
the wood
came
more
93. Mayence
Mayence braziers and
commonly
1905, p. 379; ?ahin 2003, and (Delos VIII, pp. 223-224) a distinction makes between
(which
the high,
he regards elaborately
as
and
signs of The tips of always
is
through
attachments for which
the
possible
It
stand. that one supporting to evaluate
(748, 749, 751), of abrasion
(752,
is that they were used
that became
originally
rise
cooking the wear
the effect
presumably
pierced stand
fan the flames. The vent
763, 767, 789), and the likely conclusion
possible
and
lug ends are very fresh
States in the 1970s, the braziers were
monard
join. Holes and bowl. The
projecting to be the function
show
lugs
an
head. Two horizontal,
of brazier
function
cy
of
consist
The
stand. seems
or
conical
These
to enter
air
latter
fire bowl with
stand
stand
allowed
have
and the United to be used
and
bowl
between
It is true that some of the preserved
their condition. but
would
from
removed
a round-bottomed support were devices designed, been remarked, however,
would
added.
of the fire bowl, creating a draft that would
in the bottom allow
were
in the form of a bearded
the point where communication
provide vent, which
a hollow,
parts:
and a hemispherical
attachments
lug, usually at
attached
a sizable
with
moldmade
in the
Mediterranean
two main
of
closed at the bottom;
three
1
""^""^
listed
eastern
in the
widely adopted The consists vessel
and a projecting
/ / Li
(pp. 205-212).
was
period. to which
rim,
projecting
upright
types, below
stand of varying height,
lindrical a
shape
are
comparanda
/
/fl
jjL '
\^
i
1995b, rf]
Rahmani1984 pp. 124-125,no. 135,pl. 32 (Paphos); 312
in Canada
popular
intended
for cooking
but
to Siebert,
were
as heaters.94
p. 104. Followed by Cha Siebert (1970, p. 274), the low, undecorated
devices) strictly utilitarian cooking he believes decorated ones, which
were
used
solely
sometimes 94. For 2000,
p.
for
heating
simply decorative). on their remarks
137, n.3.
(or, according function
as heaters,
see Didelot
BRAZIERS
AND
COOKING
STANDS
201
-i-n
100
Deposit sample
Inventory =L
90-1-1-
80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Brazier, moldmade supports 22. Braziers
Chart
Mustafa
Recently, but
cooking,
and
has ?ahin functioned
rather
is supported
suggestion
Brazier, handmade supports
Horseshoe cooking stand in
stands
cooking
deposit
that decorated argued as altars and portable
by the distribution
and
sample
inventory
were
braziers as
Other braziers and cooking stands
the
focus
not of
religious
over half of which were
lugs at Knidos,
of brazier
in day-to-day meals.95 This
used
as well as formal of Apollo and similarities Karneios, Sanctuary iconographic contexts between braziers and altars. Agora for such a use of braziers do not offer any support as a as well as in Athens. altars in the house had out, portable ?ahin points place Although, in the sanctuary, is no way of distinguishing there sacred from profane in objects function as most were. in domestic found of the braziers The mudbrick under dumps, Agora building in the
found
in and around of Attalos, which a shrine, but most probably
the Stoa a house
nor
use
the braziers
for
The
brazier
has
because
marily
must
The puzzle.96 in the eastern
remain
been
the
of
the moldmade
braziers
present
have
been
the
of
considerable
realm
identified.
for more
present
a still-unsolved
They
unknown
It is certain
95.
that
?ahin 2003, pp. 103-113. are Conze 96. The most discussions 1890; Furtwan important 1905; Le Roy 1961; Siebert 1970; Martens gler 1891; Mayence II.l, 1971; Leonard 1973; Riley 1979, pp. 303-312; Acquarossa et al. 1990, pp. 89-95; Rahmani 1984; Acquaro pp. 84-88;
mouth
Didelot
Berenike
1997,
97. Odile
1998,
and
Alexandria,
and
2000;
?ahin
2003.
study of the the Epigraphical Museum
Didelot,
whose
collections
at Delos,
at Athens
has made
the reigning that over 6,000 have expert on braziers, reports a quarter to date and perhaps been found of them published see Le Roy 1961, 1997, p. 377). For a list of findspots, (Didelot 11.1, p. 84, n. 227. Some additional p. 478, n. 1, and Acquarossa braziers
list of comparanda be exhaustive. 98. Didelot and
Riley
(1979,
now been may be found reported on p. 200. This list does not pretend
in
have
the
(1998) pp.
describes
the
304-312)
treats
posits claims
Corinth VII.3,
p.
trumpet
to
local production of Egypt that of Berenike (Ben
ferent,
and
a local one
but of no.
series
religious
a few places
III, p. 75)
(Paphos
(Corinth
VII.3,
pis. 26, 61, probably the comic mask attachment is characteristic
of
industries,98
646,
647
pri
iconographical and common
for Cyprus
for Corinth
neither
century,
local
multiple
120, no.
thian manufacture;
it is probably and manner
her
sites where
ghazi). Hayes and Edwards
a
than
widespread in the west,97 but only were
a
then,
are both
there
was
found,
For Athens,
scholarship
as well.
puzzles far from
were
braziers
building. of conjecture.
which
supports, other and
Mediterranean,
manufacture
within
focus
decorated
several
a commercial
p. 119). is of Corin
with
of braziers
pierced at made
and 1979, p. 310, no. D710, (cf. Riley pi. XXXIX), an center. Note that the fabric import from that of construction of nos. 646 and 647 are quite dif that
the fabric
Corinthian
Hellenistic
(Rahmani be instead
imports
of no.
647
as "rare
is described
in
coarse
(Corinth VII.3, p. 119, pottery" n. 4). Manufacture of a local series in Israel was suggested by and Perlman but two of the (1984, pp. 235-238), Gunneweg three examples from the imported group they isolated Aegean
D706-D708,
1984,
p. 229, from
pi. XXXVIII)
nos.
23,
Berenike
24, pis.
32,
(cf. Riley (O. Didelot, pers.
33) 1979,
are
likely to nos.
p. 310,
comm.).
but
it is equally
a
from
exported
being
at least
certain,
years of manufacture, or cluster of centers, somewhere
from the many braziers known to him from Athens
judging
were
of
this export series tion center.99 Weber
in Athens
manufactured
located
that
and Delos,
and
that braziers
concluded
as a distribu
to Delos
thence
shipped in the Greek Perdrizet islands,100 while placed on on Delos itself, mainly many appears examples, that have been found there.101 Homer Thompson
their manufacture
name of Hekataios, whose the large numbers of braziers
the workshop of because
were large numbers in the Conze, Aegean.
in the earliest center,
single
WARE
COOKING
202
as a on the the Aegean Athens Delos, islands, likely source, rejecting possibly of molds.102 basis of the fabric, the relatively found and the absence To few examples there, a source on its the and mica the content, fabric, Thompson, especially suggested Dorothy on the basis of fabric.104 coast of Asia Minor.103 has also been Rhodes Large again suggested, saw one
too
of
in Alexandria;
of braziers have been
on
in combat, and judging the subject particularly as a center.105 The manufacturing Egyptian city argued were made that braziers 800 and 805 proves there, but their small for local manu from the export series and were that they are derivative employed of the export activation of specimens On the basis of neutron analysis apparently
an elaborate
provenience size shows facture.106
also
excluded
an
Gunneweg and Cyprus,
Israel,
to be
appears
the only
by Odile Didelot
and Maurice
the Asia
coast.108
and
Minor for
argues
?ahin
the
in the
further this The
of nearly
99. Conze
1890,
100. Weber 101. Perdrizet
104. Fraser Lucas
p.
of
86-87.
pp.
467-468.
189. vol.
(1972,
who
Rhodian.
from
2, pp. 287-288) quotes was says that the fabric
Fraser
also
sees
a letter
identified
for
rose motif
the Rhodian
manufacture. as on 811) as an indicator of Rhodian (e.g., is now thought This brazier 105. Le Roy 1961, pp. 498-499. to be of Sicilian manufacture (O. Didelot, pers. comm.). 106. and 1972,
For
a detailed
their
craft
vol.
2, p.
discussion
practices, 288, for
question. out that
Edwards Roger could the molds
preliminary
petrographic
in the Dodecanese
between
the
iconography
sources but
and
(the
period
sites,
production at present all indications
as well are
as that
on Delos, where are very frag examples
to
that
in which many were found help support a firm the
fabric
can
help
to illustrate
the
relationship
see Didelot For other molds, is very silty, like Nile mud. Torok 1995, p. 183, no. 301, 1998, p. 287, figs. 7,8 (fromEgypt); 1979, p. 310, no. D705, (from Egypt); fig. 115 Riley pi. CLXII un a n. lists Didelot fifth, 379, 12) (1997, p. (from Berenike). museum. in the Reggio mold published and Perlman 107. Gunneweg 1984, pp. 234-235. fabric
pp.
1934,
Benaki,
as coarse
him
contexts
p. 259.
1921,
102. Thompson 103. Burr 1933,
to similarities
originated. for instance, compared, and most been unearthed,111
have
the well-dated
out
carried
testing
fabric and the fabric of the single Knidian
also points
141.
p.
1914,
the
at Knidos, of braziers found large corpus of chemical site.109 A modest program
one110
and close form, study to the local one.
for the chronology series of the export
of
data suggest an origin
clay prospection on the question, light the Aegean braziers
braziers
3,000
results
lamps and on local relief ware of the Roman
is a small
Nonetheless,
mentary.
from
in which
the
await
for
shed more
area is the general collection Agora
fragments
the Aegean ?ahin
sample.
Further
oinophoroi). will analysis,
and we
study of the as a production
peninsula
of the lugs and images on Hellenistic so-called
Perlman
Picon; preliminary
similarities between
included
pot
cooking
as a source; they argued against Alexandria coasts rather of Asia Minor, and west south suggesting chemical and petrographic More extensive analysis
and
In a recent
the Knidian
analysis revealed
that
in the Aegean.107 route to a solution,
somewhere
origin
for
in Israel,
found
and
applique
as Gauls
Delos
to Alexandria, of the molds
appropriate
series
from
brazier
found
Le Roy, interpreting
scenes
numbers
of
see Didelot the
remarks
the Egyptian See 1998. of Lucas
workshops also Fraser
Benaki
on
this
(Corinth VII.3, p. 119, n. 3) pointed to Egypt, but have been imported that the of 805 shows examination
108. Didelot 109.
1997,
2003, ?ahin 110. Nonetheless
p. 381; Didelot
1998,
p. 279.
pp. 59-68. it is clear
that braziers were very common ex lists about 570 from 19th-century in the city. Conze (1890) have in Athens, at Ayia Triada and isolated cavations examples and in Athens elsewhere from been published subsequently 1970, p. 160, no. 198, pi. 74; Metzger (Braun nos. 1981, 177, 178, pi. 19; Charitonides 1986, p. 66, no. 106). pi. 57:y; Heisserer 111. Didelot 1997, p. 377, n. 6.
in Piraeus
pp. 77-78, no. A. 318,
1973, p.
187,
AND
BRAZIERS
STANDS
COOKING
203
Chronology The Agora collection contains fragments of 88 braziers of this type, 36 of which were found contexts. The earliest secure context112 is the building fill of the in datable Hellenistic Middle Stoa (H-K 12-14), with seven inventoried brazier supports (753, 764, 767, 769-771, are absent, the large number from P 22816). Braziers however, of the 2nd carded around the end of the first quarter century.
objects were only beginning then,
might,
to be
them
expect
in contexts are
also
Maison
the
from ranging common in Delian
with
contemporary
there
thereafter,
that only
braziers
and
complete
open
on Delos,
and they were probably
contained
only
of
fragments
a
to be
item
popular
no longer either
elsewhere
may have continued in the debris found of
sort under
the
of
braziers
a
for about
imported
to Athens
later. Five
or pro
same debris
in 69. The
discussion
century,
substantially des Sceaux,
the Maison
in use at the time of its destruction
standard
in
handles
amphora
been
have
continued
a sole) were
(rechauds
stamped
from the numerous reported at the the 1st century but this may be Agora, were to introduced Athens around the end
three
throughout that braziers
their use
though
these
the
until the Sullan sack of 86. They were probably duced
suggests
Stoa fill was closed. We
to the Sullan destruction. Braziers century in the that time and a little later, for example
of quarter contexts of about
deposits spread cleanup post-Sullan It is clear, at any rate, chance. simply of the 1st quarter of the 2nd century
latest
the
dis
dumps that
to Finkielsztejn's chronology. Thirteen fragments the middle of the century or slightly before, and 12
third
It is curious
des Comediens.113
This
at the time the Middle
to reach Athens
the fill, which date to ca. 170, according were found in deposits laid down around
of household
here,
apparently
already broken and discarded when the house was destroyed.114 This is perhaps a hint that the type was already out of fashion by 69. The absence of large numbers from Corinth suggests that
were
they
Their
not
popularity
1st century. It seems, more
then,
of popularity,
case
of a
practices.
cooking Didelot
an
item seems
thus
that
to have
the
device
faded tool, sees
or
of manufacture
and
declined
as
the device
after
rapidly
in the course
rather
appeared
equally quickly one wonders
import
from what,
suddenly the scene,
if
particularly
the refoundation of
after and, an unusual
anything, for suitable
this means areas
of the city
the second
that
quarter
a
or
century circumstance in terms are
poor
in 44.115 of the
a little in the
of
culinary in wood116
(a fuel that is not appropriate for the braziers, which would probably have been fueled with charcoal). Could changes in the availability of wood have supported their popularity? Was a
or menu? a in habits Was the brazier for now change cooking cheap replacement reason were lost metal for some less easy to come stoves, which by in the later Hellenistic was this a fashion, a clever and useful a Or invention that period? simply enjoyed century-long there
vogue?
in largely 3rd-century 112. Two standard braziers were found (P 14365 from E 14:6, and 783 from A 18:1), but there deposits are reasons are intrusive to believe are there. Both good they made of the Schist cooking fabric that is typical of later rather than earlier Both while examples. deposits, predominantly some made contain later objects: material, up of 3rd-century in E
14:6,
tharos
at
dating
no.
297, fig.
ond
quarter
a West eight objects, including Slope 175-150 (P 14360 p. [Agora XXIX, in A 18:1 objects from the 19, pl. 30]); ranging to the late 2nd or of the 2nd century early 1st least
kan
ca.
273, sec
of
the standard 113. Siebert
that the closing contains
debris
Hellenistic
brazier.
1970. Analysis of amphora handles there shows date is later than the Sullan destruction, for the Knidian handles of eponyms amphora naming
VI c (e.g., Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, no. E 96), ca. 85-78, and of Period VII, dating 333, p. dating see Grace yet later in the 1st century (p. 354). For the dates, on p. 35. lists of eponyms 1985, p. 31, with
Period
tury (P 17979, P 17980, P 17983 [AgoraXXIX, pp. 289-290,
114. Didelot with n. 10. 2000, pp. 137-138, 115. CorinthVTl.3, to the two p. 120. In addition published by I know of four more braziers from Corinth: Edwards, C-48-247,
no.
C-48-232,
437, fig. 31, pl. 43; p. 348, no. no. 696]) These two contexts, an earlier for argument convincing
under
1097, then, date
fig. 66; do not for
the
cen
and
p. 314, a constitute
introduction
and
CP
3164
and C-65-394. fabric) 116. Didelot 1998,
(three
p. 278.
supports
of Quartz
cooking
WARE
COOKING
204 Forms The
of
vessels
this
in the Agora
category
fall
two groups.
into
are
Most
low braziers
no
with
decoration 20 to 30 cm in height and, like supports; they measure beyond the moldmade a hibachi, could have conveniently been placed on a table (e.g., 795, 803). Others, like 780 and 786, were taller and were probably intended to be placed on the floor. 780 and 786 are but
plain,
quite
elaborate
was
decoration
applied
to the backs
added
sometimes
of
the
sup
ports and the surface of the stands of tall braziers. Fragments like 768 and 796 (hand-worked from the wall of the stand), 813 and 814 (moldmade mask appliques from floral decoration from the upper part of the the wall of the stand), 775, 776, and 812 (triglyphs and moldings stand), and 754, 756, 759, 772, 782, and 792 (supports with decorated backs) come from such are known The of which elsewhere.117 vessels, complete examples rechaud a sole, with its projecting of the more elaborate cooking example on Delos.118 is known mainly luxury
no
preserves a form surface,
Agora
that
Iconography were
motifs
Various subject,
to decorate
used
their
because
presumably
nized ever since Conze published of
fall
these
into
three
and a male with has
they Webster
associated
pointed them
and
papposilenos
The
is not
seem
not
a
ears, with
the
satyr with
the
satyr. The
ure
either
represents theatrical tradition.121
are other
there
Agora,
further
809),
a
onkos,
satyr play,
The
these
Beyond bearded
three,
with Hephaistos,
been
the has
preferred been recog
in 1890, the majority
pilos;
a wreathed
thought,
male;
identity of these figures for cases, pans), masks. theatrical as the wreathed
them adopted
here.120
therefore,
The
ears indicate
like Odysseus, travelers, association whose
who with
do fire
that the pilos fig
from a also derive could though at the for the majority of supports of New Comedy the pornoboskos (793, are also There of the iconography.122 he
fire-daimon, account which
like and masks, connections theatrical
heads
the
As
to establish. His normal
difficult
It has generally
were
(or in a few derived from
identifying that I have
respectively?terms
or a lesser
Hephaistos
satyrs
probably
is commonly associated or artisans, like here,
pilos
emphasizing
are
are
or
cap,
pointed
third
images of the
chorus
the pilos ismore
subjects
appropriate
and
both
be suitable for the brazier.
would
of brazier supports
wearing
second
and
identity of the figure wearing that he
a male
categories:
discussed.119
have
often
long
his long catalogue
long hair rising straight up from the forehead.
much
been
but bearded heads supports, as beards function could props.
the
In as lugs (at the Agora, 769-772). only bulls: a thun with is decorated above the panel has lug, while plain are rose or a a Rhodian rosette, derbolt, (773, 774, 811). A few supports completely plain see of consists and one a as and handmade below, pp. 219-220), (treated category; separate whose
animals, a few instances
projecting the support
muzzles
a large palmette (794). Based on the classifications into
eight
categories.
In
functioned
a
the
by Conze case
of
and gar with moldings examples complete see Conze Zahn 1904, 134-137; 1890, pp. p. 461, no. 210, fig. 566. 2000. 118. E.g., Le Roy 1961, pp. 474-477, figs. 1-3; Didelot de a brazier with an open bowl from a Sullan however, Note, on the South of the Acropolis (Vogeikoff-Brogan Slope posit have been form might 2000, p. 308, no. 38, fig. 13); that unique a sole. rechaud the influenced by Conze 119. E.g., 1891; 137-138; 1890, pp. Furtwangler of
this
1905,
sort,
397-402;
Le Roy
pp. Mayence 2003, pp. 98-106. 120. Webster 1967, p. 15. Mayence in the satyr with saw a theatrical mask Dionysios
of Halikarnassos
(7.72.10)
1961,
pp.
heads
the bearded
117. For more
lands
480-481;
?ahin
a description
of
also from the cos
and
supports have been divided
bovines,
categories
have
been
to Dionysios, at a Roman festival. According turning of dancers custom when, in dressing were Greek these dancers following erci xcxiq KeyaXaic, as satyrs, they wore (opBoxpixeq "fright wigs" on the Pronomos vase, cpopai). Cf. the hair of the satyr masks combed 1995, worn
and Handley back and standing (Green up straight on the the and satyr mask high fringe pp. 22-23, fig. 5), on the left in a mosaic in Naples actor the (Bieber by
p. 12, fig. 36). 121. Cf. a terracotta
1961,
as a actor dressed of a comic figure a and Handley and wearing 1995, p. 60, pilos (Green 2003, p. 99, with nn. 273, 274. 35). See also ?ahin see Webster on braziers, 122. For this and other comic masks
traveler fig.
(1905, pp. 398-401) long hair. He quotes
the Agora
and Mayence,
1995,
pp.
264-267.
BRAZIERS
broken
in the
COOKING
into types. By "type" Imean
down further
others
AND
same
means
STANDS
205
an image that can be distinguished
of
as the number
such
of
locks
from
of hair, how all have been
category tiny details, by in the brow. Objects and the furrows of a single type will not arranged, or in the same mold, In but the same parent model all of them. lies behind archetype cases where I the types are very closely have distinguished them only by letters: between related, so on. The differences them be the of and small could result manual la, lb, among reworking a of it had been taken from the archetype. mold that after also may represent They changes are
they made
in the process of mechanical duplication: an a moldmade a process from ing positive, image term In this process, the shrinks image surmoulage.
occurred
that
a new mold
is, when
most
by tak by the French of shrinkage
described
conveniently
in size
was made
of the normal
(because
clay as it loses water in the drying and firing processes) and sharpness of line and some details might be lost, but other details might be added by retouching the newly formed mold. When are of the same type (that images in the same mold have been made Because were
of
made
In other and
through
be identical images may less detail; in this case the
preserves
it is likely to be later than objects produced
surmoulage?and those molds
(although
in detail, but one is smaller than the other smaller is derivative?that is, itwas produced
two
instances,
usually
mold
in details) and are of the same is, identical size, they must or in twin molds same molds made from the (i.e., positive). not the existence of to be certain it is two that molds, any multiple possible objects in the same mold or blemish unless there was some distinctive break in the mold.
molds
second-generation the development
of
clarify
have
could could
survived
themselves
the brazier
be
tradition,
for a
in the first-generation
in first- and time, so objects made ,123 to These contemporary) relationships help as I show below. each description, Following long
I list all examples of the type in question that have been found at the Agora. I also list com paranda for the types, but the published images are often inadequate for identifying a typewith certainty.
Agora I:Man Type 1.1
with Pointed
Cap (Conze I;Mayence
I. la. Plain
in three masses cap. Hair pointed with three locks curving away to either bangs then up. Continuous line in forehead. curved
IVB)
(over
center
of brow
side;
above
ears,
and
four
over
at center,
ears);
locks
curving then down,
Thick
out
and
arch up, turn up eyebrows ears lids. in relief. again Almond-shaped prominent Jug-handle high nose. curves down. Beard Triangular up, then droops Triangular straight at center has four ridges and a wider to with at either below lower center, side; ridge scoring so four short curve strands two then divide to left and two to grow down, lip, right. Scoring on marks of beard cheeks. top at center.
thick, eyes with mouth. Mustache
746, 747, P 23804 (PL74) Cf. Conze tom
1995,
Lib.
1890, p. 205,
p. no.
122,
no.
1, fig.
ill. on
Ill, 5.1:1,
photo
p. 121 (Athens, 5.1 (Dor).
Ayia
Triada);
Rosenthal-Heginbot
Plain
in three masses and over ears). Prominent cap. Hair (center pointed eyebrows curve. Almond, without distinctive almost with thick to lids. Ears fairly close eyes squinting nose with head. Very broad, "broken" nostrils. Mouth is two thick, horizontal flaring ridges.
Droopy mustache
runs into side ridges of beard. Beard has five(?)
to cheeks;
juncture
roughened
area
below
lower
lip.
777, 797 (Pis. 80, 83) Cf. ?ahin 2003, pp. 41-43, pl. 23, variant P 2 (Knidos); Rahmani (Akko).
123. See process
the comments
of surmoulagein
of Didelot detail.
I use
the (1997), who discusses the term "derivative" in the
ridges and is scored at
same image
sense is one
that she uses produced
1984, p. 225, no. 4, pl. 29:D
the term through
surmoulage. the process
That of
is, a derivative surmoulage.
COOKING
206
Lie. Pointed but
center,
Very
WARE
cap with vertical ridge up center and slightly raised lower border. No hair at masses
sloping
at sides.
but wiggly
Horizontal,
meet
brows
at
right
to head. Thick,
shown but fairly close
thick lower eyelids. Ears prominently
nose
angle.
irregular,
nose.
triangular
798 (PI.83) Cf. Mayence
32
1905, p. 387, fig.
Torok
(Delos);
182, no.
1995, p.
298, pi. CLXII
(Egypt?). Type 1.2 over forehead. low brow, un of straight, strokes vertical cap. Fringe Very run into nose. lids. Jug-handle lined. Plain eyes with prominent staring Wide-open, eyebrows runs ears at center. crescent mustache raised indicated with triangle Drooping by barely visible, Plain
1.2a.
pointed
into long scored ridges at sides of beard. Beard has eight ridges: six central ones framed by the ones
scored
at sides. At
center,
below
lower
lip, shaggy,
triangular
beardlet
1 cm
ca.
long.
748-750, 799, P 10635 (Pis. 74, 83) Cf. Callaghan 1992, p. 129, no. 24, pi. 115 (Knossos); SamosW, p. 130, no. 399, pi. 62; ?ahin 1984, p. 225, no. 1, pi. 29:B (Akko); 2003, pp. 39-41, pi. 23, variant P 1 (Knidos); Rahmani Didelot 1998, p. 287, type II, figs. 5-8 (Alexandria, import, mold, and surmoulage of Egyptian Gabrici 1941, p. 292, fig. 46 (Lilibeo). Possibly Mayence 1905, p. 387, fig. 30 manufacture); (Delos); Zahn 1904, p. 462, no. 221, fig. 569 (Priene). in center over brow, with and locks brushed in bangs part run into nose. Al brow. of low to left and directly part. Plain, Eyebrows ears. Plain, lids. Prominent thick but not very prominent eyes with jug-handle mond-shaped runs outer into nose. Rounded Thin mustache Thick cheeks. characterless rather ridge lips. Plain
1.2b.
cap. Hair either side
pointed on right
beardlet with fringed
of beard. Beard has six ridges. Below lower lip, lozenge-shaped and small depression just below mouth.
edges
751 (PL75) Cf. Samos XIV, p. 124, fig. 204; probably ArchDelt 30, B' (Chalkis); ?ahin 2003, p. 47, no. FB 11, pi. 25 (Egypt). cap with tuft at center.
1.2c. Pointed prominent
ridge Brow
running unlined,
nose,
with
visible.
nostrils
Below ridges. small depression
lower just
Drooping a dent, then lip, below mouth.
[1983]),
p. 138, pi. 79:y
a more tufted hair over brow, with up center. Woolly, run into nose. Wide not low. Plain eyebrows terribly
ears in low relief. Somewhat
lids. Jug-handle
open eyes with thin but prominent
(1975
runs
mustache a smooth
outer
into
beardlet,
beard
ridge.
horizontally
perhaps
beaky, pointed Beard
has
five and
striated,
752, P 12188, P 26865 (PI.75)
Cf. Rahmani 1.2d.
Pointed
1984, p. 225, no. 5, pi. 29:E (Akko). cap with
but
representing probably to and eyebrows parallel
curved, hair. above
line near
horizontal Brows them.
Beard has eight ridges, with plain
arch
toward
eyes.
Wide-open
triangle below
of a brim, the impression giving a second line and run into nose;
bottom center
ears
No
nose.
visible.
Broad,
Hair
in three
curly
gnarled
do not run eyebrows nose with thick Broad,
lumpy
lower lip.
800 (PI.83)
Type 1.3 Plain bunch nose.
to strong point. concave sides coming cap with slightly over each side. Arched, over center, curved masses Deep-set
eyes,
ing base. Wrinkled
with
lids not
cheeks. Thick
stressed.
Ears
possibly
pointed.
lips well defined. Mustache
with
masses:
curved into flar
scoring droops down and
AND
BRAZIERS runs
into beard,
in a thick
separate
remaining
COOKING
STANDS on
bunch
either
207 side
that
runs
about
one-third
the length of the beard. Ridges of beard radiate slightly from lower lip; they are very thin, perhaps seven in number. Small dent and tiny swelling as beardlet below lower lip.
753 (PL75)
Type 1.4 Plain
cap. No
pointed
Small,
curling
Low
visible. of ears.
Traces
eyes.
deep-set
hair
brow.
Thick, mustache
Thin
inward at bottom.
symmetrically
irregular eyebrows falls one-third the
run length
to nose.
down of
the beard,
up of thick tufts in four vertical rows.
Beard made
801 (PL83)
orPan
Agora II: Wreathed Papposilenos Type II. 1 (Papposilenos) Ivy wreath
four
has
on
leaves
either
IV C)
(Conze II;Mayence two small
side;
bunches
of berries
a double fillet; a small bunch of grapes on either side of face. Below, on
either
side
of
the head.
Forehead
with
the
between
four
Thick, eyebrows. highly eyebrows nose. lids. cheeks. Broad prominent Triangular Woolly, ones central framed (sometimes scored) ridges by thicker
connected
by
a marked relief grooves; triangle into nose. with eyes Wide-open mustache. arched Beard has three
horizontal
arched
at center,
the curved end of a fillet
run
on
either
side.
754-756, 778, 779, P 17561, P 28400 (Pis. 75, 80) Cf. Conze 1890, p. 125, no. 274, ill. on p. 123 (Athens); Siebert 1970, p. 272, no. E 388, pl. 52 (Delos); Siebert 1978, p. 122, fig. 8 (Delos); SamosXW, p. 169, fig. 297; Konstantinopou los 1964, pp. 29-30, no. 59, pl. 16:y (Rhodes); Zahn 1904, p. 462, no. 215, fig. 569; ?ahin 2003, pp. 8-13, pis. 2-5, variant E 1 (Knidos); Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995, p. 205, nos. 3, 5, 5.3 1913, p. 153, fig. 164 (Alexandria); Didelot (Dor); Pagenstecher fig. 5.1:3, 5, photos 5.2, 1-4 1998, pp. 285-287, type I, figs. (Alexandria, imports and surmoulages of Egyptian manu facture); Perdrizet 1921, p. 87, no. 211, pl. LXX, top (Egypt). Probably also Hatzidakis 1997, no. no. B Rahmani 2, pl. 20; p. 305, pl. 229:(3 (Delos); Kymel, p. 85, 1984, p. 226, 7, pl. 30:A Martens
(Caesarea);
1971,
no.
139,
p.
5
11:1, fig.
(Alexandria).
Type II.2 (Papposilenos) Wreath
has
fillet
over
arch
up,
two
bald
ivy leaves
either
side. Two
forehead
pate.
curve
on
Upper turn up
down,
open
than Type II. 1, with double
nose.
Prominent
cheeks.
bulges; at inner
slightly
six
bunches
forehead and
edges,
has
do not
of berries
joined two grooves. Thick run into nose. Eyes
by single eyebrows less wide
lid, single lower lid. Ears not indicated. Triangular
upper
with
Beard
round
large, lower
ridges.
757, 758, 780, 781 (Pis. 76, 80) Cf. Conze
1890,
p.
122,
no.
124,
ill. on
123
p.
(Athens).
Type II.3 (Papposilenos) In wreath, two bunches spherical three definite leaves, and probably head. not well defined, Eyebrows marked
by concavity.
Very
nose with prominent in beard.
Nimbus
of
long,
of berries three more meeting upright
nostrils. Mouth thin
rays
at center.
surrounds
at center.
on ivy leaves visible satyr's left side; side. Two horizontal in fore grooves lower lid, iris eyes with double Wide-open
curved
ears,
open
Six
on other
rather
and indicated
than
pointed
at top. Broad,
by deep depression.
Eight
flat
ridges
head.
802 (Pl. 83) Cf. Siebert 1970, p. 272, no. D 380, pl. 52; Conze 1890, p. 125, no. 262, ill. on p. 123; May ence 1905, pp. 389-390, et al. 1980, pp. 333-334, no. 7, fig. 38 (all from Delos); Pensabene 116:7 (Tevere). pl.
COOKING
208
WARE
Type II.4 (Papposilenos) two spheres probably
Very debased mold. Over forehead, leaf visible
heart-shaped above. Eyebrows of
not
mouth.
smiling
to either
side. Groove
bunches
represent
and
each
eyebrow a lids. Nose eyes with Deep-set triangular unclear. details six ridges. Other
defined. with
Beard
over
of berries;
broad
lump.
large
groove outline
V-shaped Vague
782 (front) (PL80) Type II.5 (Pan) Above
what
brow,
are
running
beardlet
at center,
fruits
on
shapes
is bordered
each
side
of a wreath
hair at left and right. Multiple
by woolly
lip sits
lower
below
has a thin bridge.
in left eye. Nose
by bead
in small
and
depression
one
from behind
leaves
(possibly
by
joined
perhaps
and up down Thin (at least four). up at center, eyebrows, arching no lids and clear Small arched into nose. with thick, upper eyes
in forehead not
small
side, but further back, emerging
hornlike
pointed,
the forehead
Possibly
lid; pupil marked Small
more
three
or a nimbus). grooves at sides,
two
with
these grow two horns. To either
band. Above the head,
to be wreath,
appears
again lower
Long beard with eight ridges. a
has
center.
above
dimple
803, P 4193 (PL83) Type II.6 (Papposilenos?) area
Raised
forehead
above
be wreath.
may
Thick,
arched
evenly
eyebrows.
lower lip. Beard with
with indent at center for pupil. Prominent with single ridge at either side.
eyes
Wide-open
three broad double
ridges
804 (PL83) orPan with Onkos (Conze III; Mayence TVD) Agora III: Satyr Type III.l (Satyr) III, la. Outlined by thick ridge. Hair has 10 locks on either ones A
at center;
small
Very
all but or
horn
thick
bunch
eyebrows,
central
left one
of berries
over
the
then
arched,
Almond
eyes with prominent
pointed mustache
ears,
the
turning
outward. ridge
right
ones
come
down
arch above brow, approximately a groove running up at inside, with
each
eyes is a protruding
lids. Area of face outside
tips curving into outer down
runs
two central
and
the very small
side, counting
in forehead.
Two
ridges of beard. Beard
Thin,
seven
with
to hairline. of
eyebrow. them.
along
triangle. Thin,
pointed
nose.
Scored
ridges.
759, 760 (PL76)
1997, p. 385, fig. 11 (Delos); ?ahin 2003, pp. 33-34, pi. 18, variant H 4 (Knidos);
Cf. Didelot Rahmani
1984,
Ill, lb. Outlined while
hairline,
area
triangular
Almond tache
p. 227, by central between
no.
9, pi.
ridge. four this
eyes with prominent runs
into
outer
beard
30:D
Eight form
locks
(Samaria).
a double
V of
and meeting
lids; bulging ridges.
Six
on
of hair
ridges
either
side:
all but
the
central
four
go
to
in in forehead; ridges top. Two horizontal a raised V. Thick, arched eyebrows. eyebrows, at
eyeballs. Pointed
ears. Nose
flares at base. Mus
in beard.
761, 783, 784, P 31390 (Pis. 76, 81) Cf. Marcade 1953, pp. 586-587, fig. 77:a (Delos); Samos IV, p. 130, no. 400, pi. 62; Win variant termeyer 1980, p. 159, no. 255, pi. 68 (Didyma); ?ahin 2003, pp. 23-30, pis. 12-17, H 1 (Knidos); Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995, p. 205, nos. 7, 9, fig. 5.1:7, 9, photo 5.4 (Dor); Gabrici 1941, p. 293, fig. 47 (Lilibeo). Closely similar, but with the ridges of the beard scored: and Hatzidakis 1994a, p. 45, Siebert 1970, p. 271, no. D 365, pi. 52 (Delos); Zapheiropoulou nos. 115 22, 23, pi. (Knossos); PaphosIII, p. 75, no. 5 fig. 14 (Delos); Callaghan 1992, p. 129,
AND
BRAZIERS
STANDS
COOKING
209
=
p. 161, no. 66, pl. XVIL5 (mid-2nd century or slightly later, local Cypriot?); Rahmani 1984, 1913, p. 154, p. 228, nos. 14, 16, 18, pl. 31:B, D, F (Akko, shore west of Gaza); Pagenstecher 166 (Alexandria). fig. III.lc. As Type III. lb, but with five ridges in beard, ears missing. 785, 805, MC 1317 (Pis. 81, 83) Cf. perhaps ArchDelt 28, B'2 (1973 [1977]), p. 527, pl. 497:ox p. 228, no. 15, pl. 31 :C (Akko). III. Id. Closely Six
eyebrows. arched plain, prominent
to Type
related on
locks
eyebrows No eyeball.
either meet
the
at center.
ears
by thin ridge. Hairline
III.lb. Outlined
side:
Thick
but
V,
ridges.
no
eyelid, beard
1984, above
directly
two a
the next
upper Broad
blurry
is two
Mouth
visible.
two a small
central
(Samos); Rahmani
deep
V. Thick,
lower
visible;
eyelid six ridges.
with
786, P 159, P 8130 (Pl. 81) A
second
slightly
irregular,
787-789,
is characterized
smaller,
generation, angular,
deeply
set
by
in a hollow.
lack of detail.
Eye is very nose.
beaky
Irregular,
806, P 207, P 1583, P 1808, P 11895, P 14365
and
prominent
(Pis. 81, 83)
Type III.2 (Satyr) Outlined
(?) locks of hair, all coming down to hairline. Narrow
by ridge. Sixteen
at top of forehead
line
with lines in forehead the sides arched, not head running
resembles
seemingly
down. sloping the same way
fillet
rather
Thick,
face. Double
arched
highly
eyebrows
arch of eyebrows. Large eyes, with upper
following Large, as locks
than wrinkles.
ears
pointed of hair.
suggested
Seven
on
by ridges in beard.
(?) ridges
lid highly side
either
of
762 (Pl. 76) Type III.3 (Satyr) III.3a. V;
deep
Outlined transition
by thick ridge. to brow marked
Heavy
eyebrows perhaps Area forehead. projecting
Ten
locks
on
either
the
right other locks
but it seems by smudge, or central groove, up turning convex. under is Prominent eyebrows
with
at center. Ears indicated eyeballs by parentheses. runs outer Mustache into beard lips. ridge, which
which
side:
there are six (eight ridges in beard
"Broken" is more
one
and
left
go directly
a
two form to hairline.
at center
a (not clear) produce eyelids with round, projecting not defined. nostrils Thick nose, prominent
than
inner
ridges,
of
in all).
763, P 6884 (Pl. 77) III.3b. Outlined the
two
horizontal prominent Wrinkled
central
by thick ridge. Seven locks
on
either
in forehead.
ridges lids, the lower cheeks. Mustache
side Heavy
one
deeply runs into
locks on either
form
a V,
outer
side, with
small central upright
lock:
at the hairline. Two meeting at center. with up eyebrows, eyes turning Large ears shown as Prominent sagging. pointed lozenges. outer beard is thickened. Six ridges in ridge, which the
pair
arched
beard.
764, 765(?) (Pl. 77) Cf. Metzger 1973, p. 77, no. 177, pl. 19 (Piraeus); Tuchelt 1984, p. 229, no. 21, pl. 32:D (Akko). (Didyma); Rahmani
1971, p. 80, nos. 239, 240, pl. 16
III.3c. Outlined by thick ridge. Hair in ca. six locks on either side of ill-defined V at center. ears shown by Beetling brow with eyebrows not defined. Eyes barely indicated. Prominent nose. Prominent has parentheses. Pyramidal lips. Beard runs from mustache) the outermost ner, thicker. (which
766 (Pl. 77)
seven
ridges,
the
central
ones
thin
WARE
COOKING
210
III.3d. Outlined by thick ridge. Hair in starburst emanating from bulge above center of line at base of hair. Lines in forehead follow con thin brow, many ridges; single horizontal tour
of eyebrows.
eyeballs
arched
Heavy,
represented
up at center. eyes, Staring turning or or a dot. Pointed ears. Seven
eyebrows, probably than a sphere rather
a circle by
with eight
in beard.
thin ridges
767 (PL77) Cf. SamosXJV, p. 169, fig. 294. III.3e. Outlined by thick ridge. Nine next seem to make a deep V but may ears.
in area
V
above
over nose,
meet
Pointed
ears
cheeks.
Beard
framed
with
two horizontal
protruding
brow. Large
eyebrows,
forming
visible.
locks on either side: central two form a shallow V, extend down to forehead. Vertical element below
of hair, at ridges
which
locks
overlie
by wide
lines
arched
Thick,
eyebrows
lids faintly
eyes largely abraded,
open
radiate
behind
them.
five
central,
narrower
with
side,
above.
Prominent,
angular in
(seven
ridges
all).
790 (PL81) Type III.4 (Satyr)
and
beard
over
meet
arched
Thick,
ridge. Low hair. Broad
by low, broad
Very small. Outlined eyebrows horizontal.
nose.
flattened
face. Three visible.
Eyelids
in forehead.
grooves
is a slash.
Mouth
Cheeks
791 (PL81) Type III.5 (Pan?) Outlined ralistic
a wreath. Hair grows up ridge, possibly stippled than rather be horns could thick locks at center
thick, Two
by locks.
a pan rather with vertical
a
than grooves
lines
brow, with satyr. Furrowed Arched between eyebrows.
on
part in natu case this is in which
central
from locks,
line
forehead
following not well defined.
eyebrows,
of eyebrows, eyes
Wide-open
indicated by grooves
with prominent lids; bulging eyeballs. Small ears, not pointed. Mustache hatched on cheeks. Thick upper lip.
768 (PL78) 1890, p. 129, no. 808, ill. on p. 127 (Halikarnassos?).
Cf. perhaps Conze Type III.6 (Satyr) Linear
locks
falling
to either
side below,
of hair,
in mold,
grow
side. Ivy leaves at temples. Thick,
to shoulder.
of head
incised
probably
part
Upper
of beard
has
from
up
forehead,
in center
parting
from either
twisted lock falling diagonally five
the
ridges,
central
one
and
forks
of which
six ridges.
creating
792 (PL82) Type III.7 (Satyr) Five locks of hair visible on either nent Small
eyebrows ears. Nose
arch
up, flares
side (obscured by applique).
in beads
ending to broad
over
nose.
Eyes
have
Ridge along hairline. prominent
Promi
thick
eyeballs,
lids.
nostrils.
807 (PL84) Type III.8 (Satyr) Hair
combed
horizontal very
thick
straight
back
from
line, above which at
sides,
turning
up
curved
forehead over
nose.
hairline.
is divided Small
Forehead
one
naturalistic:
into four quadrants. eyes
with
delicate
curved,
Arched
lids. Thin,
almost
eyebrows,
pointed,
up
BRAZIERS
AND
COOKING
right ears. Snub nose. Small, slightly smiling mouth.
STANDS
211
up of three wavy
beard made
Tapering
ridges.
808 (PL84) 810 appears also to be a satyr mask, but the scale is so dif above that I have thought it best not to include it in the
The small and poorly produced ferent from the objects described typology. Agora TV: Pornoboskos TypeIV.1 High forehead with slight bulge six(?) locks.
above
indicating
hairline.
Small, deep-set
eyes. Beard with
793 (PL82) Type IV.2 Bald
head.
Two
horizontal
Wide-open
in forehead.
grooves
eyes outlined
with
lids; pupil
flat nose
rounded.
ing ears, apparently mouth. Short beard
Very broad, six twisted locks.
with
arched
Thick, with
in prominent
flaring
up over
turned
eyebrows
indicated by indent
nostrils.
nose.
eyeball. Protrud
Wide-open,
smiling
809 (PL84) Cf. Conze
1890, p. 130, no. 819
(Athens).
Agora V: Bull (Conze VIB andD; Mayence VA) The only animal that occurs at the Agora is the bull, which only
one
of which
port bought
in more
appears
in Rhodes
than
and given
one
A
example.
to the Agora
is found
fourth
in three different on
is represented
type
types, a sup
(772).
TypeV.l Trapezoidal eyes.
area
of
hair rough muzzle. tapering
Smooth,
on
forehead.
Short
horns
to rounded
parallel
ears. Almond
769, P 22816 (PL79) Type V.2 horns far beyond Long project across at level of base forehead, Area around eyes bulges.
small
ears;
of horns,
rectangular forms border
between plaque of roughened
them.
Horizontal over
triangle
line
forehead.
770 (Pl. 79)
Cf. Paphos III, p. 76, no. 16, pl. XVIIL6; Borda 1976, p. 181, no. Conze 1890, p. 131, nos. 827, 828 (type VI B) (Myndos, Syracuse).
196 (Lilibeo?).
Possibly
Type V.3 Short bulges.
horns. Ridge
Triangular of muzzle
771 (PL79)
pattern
woolly fairly
on
forehead.
Ears
in
low
relief.
runs
up
to
Area
around
eyes
horns.
Ears
prominent.
Type V.4 Very
compact
head.
Triangular
in high relief. Round End
of nose
turns
772 (PL79)
woolly
pattern
on forehead
fairly
short
eye with heavy brow, long tear duct indicated by groove.
up, with
nostrils
indicated
as crescents
convex
to outside.
Short muzzle.
Agora VI: Rosette
three
and rounded alternately pointed petals. two or three have Pointed petals length.
with their
grooves smaller
III A)
(Conze VIII; Mayence
rosette
Eight-petal
running rosette with
WARE
COOKING
212
rounded
and
petals
a central
Rounded
grooves. Raised border
depression.
have
petals Center
three a
perhaps with ovolo
on
sides.
773, P 5542 (PL79) 1995, p. 206, no.
Cf. Mayence 1905, p. 385, fig. 23 (Delos); Rosenthal-Heginbottom 5.1:13 (Dor). fig. Agora VII: Thunderbolt (Conze VII;Mayence III C) Vertically placed thunderbolt. Five flames extend in either direction at center,
handhold
from
which
wings
on
project
either
with rounded
side. Within
double
13,
binder/
border.
774 (PL79) 1905, p. 386, fig. 26 (Delos); ?ahin 1890, p. 132, no. 854 (Athens); Mayence 1984, p. 229, no. 26, pi. 33:B, E (Akko); 2003, p. 49, nos. B 1, B 2, pi. 26 (Knidos); Rahmani 1995, pp. 205-206, no. 12, fig. 5.1:12, photo 5.8 (Dor). Rosenthal-Heginbottom Cf. Conze
Agora VIII: Rose (Conze IX; Mayence IIIB) rose growing Plump double Rhodian-type at center,
come
bottom
together on either side by a bud; double border.
above
from
two
grow
two outward-curling
this,
tendrils at
tendrils. Five irregular
from delicate
which
tendrils
incurving tendrils
in which
flanked
(at center), rose nestles.
Within
811 (PL84) 1970, p. 160, no. 198, pi. 74 (Athens); Conze 1890, p. 133, no. 871 1905, p. 385, fig. 24 (Delos); SamosXW, p. 169, fig. 293.
Cf. Braun Mayence
(Piraeus?);
Inscriptions stamped onto directly stamped name the potters ably Inscriptions
were
or
the brazier
The
produced.124
letters
itself,
give the braziers
made
who
inscriptions
in which
in the mold
freehand
incised
or
or names
the owners
was
support
in the of
or
made,
presum They in which they
genitive. the workshops
are:
at the Agora
preserved
the
AG: 748, 750, P 10635 AG [H]: 755 766 (stamped),
EKATAIOY: 746, 754, 758, 765 (stamped), to be
on
restored
774, 779, P 17561, and perhaps
768
EK (with retrograde K): 757 KE (with retrograde E): 759, 760 or
Incomplete
as well as a single at
tions
their
existence
They
as at the Agora,
124. See Didelot
1997
the above,
for extensive
are
126. According
801
([NI2]IAOY,
for
[-]
p. 132, no. to Didelot's
(p. 376,
860. tabulation
on
a brazier
support
signatures
at
are documented
pur
braziers
published
Hekataios
142 signatures 2 of Nikolaos 1998,
dominates
of Hekataios among p. 279).
for Athens,
on a brazier
by Conze on
Alexandria,
(Didelot of
IAOY,
reported
paralleled amply common:126 the most of signatures n. 4) the
discussion
She
1890,
also
by far
as of 1997 reports significance. or monograms. of at least 29 names
125. Conze
except
instance of [NIKO]AA[OY]
Triada.125
Ayia
EKATAIOY,
and
of all of
examples
on
appear
and 770.
chased in Rhodes) Numerous
inscriptions
illegible
the
there
from excava with
elsewhere,
was well.
and his monogram, she 181 signatures
She
records
17 of A0H, examined
and there
BRAZIERS AG:
Conze
1890,
p.
122, nos.
AND
119
118,
STANDS
COOKING
213
Halikarnassos);
(Athens,
1905,
Mayence
p. 388
(Delos); ?ahin 2003, p. 77 (Knidos); Rahmani 1984, p. 226, no. 6, pl. 29:F (Akko); Pagen stecher 1913, p. 153, nos. lc, 3d, figs. 163, 166 (Alexandria); Gabrici 1941, p. 292, fig. 46 (Lilibeo). A0H: Conze 1890, p. 125, nos. 264-268 (Athens); Didelot 1997, p. 387, figs. 19, 20 (Delos, Athens); Mayence 1905, p. 390 (Delos); EphesosXlll:l:l, p. 229, no. 956, pl. 70; Rahmani 1984, p. 226, no. 8, pl. 30:B (Ashkelon). 1890, pp. 122, 125, 129, 132, 133, nos. 111-114,
EKATAIOY: Conze
ills, on pp.
868,
857a,
Taranto,
kratis,
los 1964,
pp.
121,
123,
132
127,
1905,
Mayence Syracuse); no. 59, pl. 16:y
29-30,
Rhodes,
(Athens, 386,
pp.
(Rhodes);
390,
Halikarnassos, 37
fig.
Kymel,
Mylasa,
(Delos);
p. 85, nos.
806-808,
274-301,
B2, B3,
854
Nau
Konstantinopou pl. 20; Zahn
1904, p. 462, no. 215, fig. 569 (Priene); ?ahin 2003, p. 77 (Knidos); Dunand
and Duru
near el-'Amed, 1995, pp. 205 (Oumm pl. XL:3 Tyre); Rosenthal-Heginbottom nos. 10 5.8 12, fig. 5.1, photos 1, 3, 4, 206, 5.1, 5.2, 1913, (Dor); Pagenstecher (stamped), nos. no. 165 Perdrizet 3c, 164, 153, lc, 1921, 87, 322, Alexandria); p. p. figs. (stamped, 1962,
pl. LXX, top (Egypt); Martens 1971, p. 139, no. 11:1,fig. 5 (Alexandria); Didelot 1997, pp. 383-384, figs. 3, 4, 7 (Alexandria); Didelot 1998, pp. 287, 295, figs. 1, 2, 24, 25 (Alex .
andria)
1913, pp. 152-153, no. la, fig. 162 (Alexan
EK: ?ahin 2003, p. 77 (Knidos); Pagenstecher dria)
.
KE: Didelot In addition,
three
braziers
ters on the underside were
Signatures Both stamps letters.
are
Below
the
into directly with curved
rectangles letters
that widens
at one
object
and
likely
of
short,
illegible
in large,
inscriptions
raised
let
(783, 787, 795: see below, p. 217).
stamped
slightly is long, thin, on 765 again
traces
preserve
of
the
two on 766 and perhaps more
pears are
1984, p. 227, no. 9, pl. 30 (Samaria).
1997, p. 385, fig. 11 (Delos); Rahmani
and
to represent
end
the backs corners a series
name,
on 765. The and
slightly
also perhaps tools commonly
of
at one on
thin
long,
the
used
the base
.m (765, 766) EKATAIOY in raised
are
objects
clearer of the two images
a beveled
has
curved
near two supports, contain the name
of and
in relief:
depicted
(766) shows an object
at the other, like a chisel. The other a The chisel-like tool ap end, perhaps stylus. face of 768. As parts of the maker's mark, they in the workshop. point
Fabric A
crucial
variable
rics
of which
and
details
that must
be
taken
are
into
There
consideration is considerable
in
of
analysis
the braziers
is the fab
at the among examples but nearly of either the Schist fabric familiar from other Agora, cooking at the vessels or least more 25 of the unusual cook (at 29), Agora examples, perhaps Quartz characterized inclusions of translucent mineral, ing fabric, by abundant along with golden mica least 40 Detailed of these and results of (at 42). fabrics, examples, possibly descriptions are on and chemical Both the fabrics themselves petrographic analysis, pp. 40-45. reported are
they
of
composed. are made four-fifths
shape, iconography, to suggest different
sufficiently two distinct localities. of X-ray
An
extensive
fluorescence, technique In a Didelot report, preliminary to to Schist appear correspond
that we
describes
two fabrics
and Quartz
cooking
sug
variety
of manufacture
are
dealing of brazier analysis has been undertaken
see Didelot Didelot 1997, pp. 385-387. stamps, the practice to the earlier years of belongs production.
127. For gests
and method
the
of
with
objects fabrics from
by Odile
1997,
various
the using and Maurice Picon.
Didelot
pp.
group in at least
manufactured
and
("type attique" fabrics.128
128. Didelot
in each
the braziers
381,
382.
sites,
"type
egeen")
that
No
other
a few
smaller
same
the
fabric
large
groupings. micaceous,
fine,
can
groups Thus
WARE
COOKING
214 be
from
assembled
with 803 and P 4193, fabric. Both 806 brown
pale
at the Agora,
braziers the
same
and
807
but
are
there are
of decoration, support are covered an unusual with
dark brown wash. The support 808 and a fragment of a stand (812) may be of the same fairly similar to the coarse, quartz-rich fabric. And one fragment (799) is of a hard, fine material fabric
of molds
terracottas
for
among Images, Fabrics,
Interrelationships
two exceptions, fabric. One cooking
all of
With
entered
the
below.
the
these as a
others,
inscribed
and Inscriptions braziers
in the Agora was not found
(801) exceptions of Schist the other (779), gift; is a tendency for a certain there
ismost The
spaces.
triangular
the man
with
exclusively
letter abbreviation two
the
bowls.
with
in Athens,
associated
commonly associated
with
more
with
AQH,
signature
on one support at the Agora with that
images,
the wreathed The
the inscription
of the
same
name,
into
also
may
occurs
too it is can be
of Hekataios
signature name
This
two
the
be because
of Type II. 1; elsewhere
numerous
image.130 as Table 15 illustrates.
may
AG is found
the field above the head
divides
papposilenos
more
but
fabric, will be examined to be associated with inscription
an abbreviation
perhaps
of Quartz on Rhodes, and
cooking
1.2a.129 This
cap, Type
pointed
suitable to that image, which
are made
collection
image, or at least with a limited range of images. Thus
a certain almost
of
collection
Among
and moldmade
be
tenta
restored
an image of Pan(?) tively on 768, a remarkably large and fine brazier support decorated with can we an add another example of the abbreviation If EK of is the 757 name, (Type III.5). of Type II.2 to the list. Elsewhere the name occurs frequently of the wreathed papposilenos a different or may not KE may name; represent at the III.la. occurs with the with in any onkos, satyr Type only Agora inscription seems that It clear remains uncertain. of these The they inscriptions meaning precise or the owner an artisan of in of the objects, to someone whether refer involved production are a in the which instances cannot of a indicate type, for there authorship workshop. They
with
as well
these
images, the event,
as with
the
rose.131
Type II. 1, for papposilenos, (754). Wear makes detailed
same type occurs with two different inscriptions. The wreathed instance, appears with both AQH (755) and with EKATAIOY the two images between difficult, comparison to potters, be that two different it may refer different stance
shows
a close
relationship suggests two or more have owners, recording the event,
they appear the used potters If the inscriptions
his own work. signing could use molds that different workshops each
molds,
fabric
and
existence
between
them.
names
whose
type would precise different of several
to be
but
It is also
appear might be necessary inscriptions
taken
from
names two
to create
archetype
workshops, identify the same archetype,
in
this which
a might single workshop More statistics its products. In any such a speculation. fabric of Quartz cooking
that
possible
on
singly to confirm on
If both
identical.
same
braziers
center in question. were in the production that several workshops functioning suggests a It was a to with brazier not associate suffice does An alone given workshop. inscription mechanical and all, through to copy a support, means, for any potter inscription easy enough
that this iswhat happened. All but one of the and in one case it is possible to demonstrate are of Quartz cooking fabric. The image (a wreathed Agora braziers that name EKATAIOY on the single exception, of Type II.1) 779, of Schist cooking fabric, is 25% papposilenos
129. All most
common
three
Agora association
been
found
(Pagenstecher with a similar
1913,
has
also
HA*Ml-3,pl.
satyr 18).
with
examples elsewhere the
of
is its type. This but the signature III.lb of Type onkos this
as well,
satyr with
153, no. type at Knidos p.
are
3d, fig.
166),
and
(?ahin
2003,
pp.
retrograde nos. 33-34,
130. E.g.,
Conze
1890,
p.
125, nos.
Didelot
263-267;
1997,
19, 20.
p. 387, figs. 131. Conze
papposilenos), no. 868 (rose).
1890, pp. p. 129, nos.
125-126,
nos.
806-808
(satyr with
274-304
(wreathed
onkos),
p.
133,
BRAZIERS
AND
COOKING
15. INSCRIPTIONS
TABLE
Image
STANDS
ON
Inscription
215
BRAZIERS or
Catalogue
AG Man with pointed cap (Type I.2a) Wreathed 755 A0[H] (Type II. 1) papposilenos Man with pointed cap (Type I.la) EKATAIOY 746 EKATAIOY Wreathed
(Type II.l)
papposilenos
EKATAIOY Wreathed
EKAT[AIOY] (stamped)
748,
750, P 10635
754,
779, P 17561
758
(Type II.2) papposilenos with onkos Satyr (Type III.3b) 765 Satyr with onkos (Type III.3c) 766
EKATAIOY (stamped)
Number
Inventory
EKATAIOY Thunderbolt
774 (Type VII) EKATAIOY? Satyr with onkos (Type III.5) 768 EKWreathed papposilenos (Type II.2) with onkos Satyr (Type III.Id) 787
EYr Y (on underside)
KE Satyr with onkos
[-] Y[-]
smaller
This
than
same
the
from
produced is only
one
on
image a mold
of
that was reasons
several
that are or
on 754), and therefore supports (e.g., a taken from fabric Quartz support. for that braziers of Schist believing cooking
the other
from braziers of Quartz
derivative images of detail
801
Bull (Type V.2) 770
Illegible
been
759, 760
(Type III.la)
IAOYMan with pointed cap (Type 1.4) Support not preserved 795
[Nil] IOY (on underside)
757
cooking
fabric. Many
and
well
of the Quartz
executed.
very detailed, extremely that are the hallmarks of a second-generation
large,
retouching
have are
fabric
fabric supports bear none
show
They
must
the
of
indications
mold,
loss that
they are the output of molds made directly from archetypes. Most of the Schist fabric sup ports, however, are lacking in detail. Compare, for example, the satyr with onkos of Type III. lb in Quartz fabric (761) with its counterparts in Schist fabric (783, 784). The Quartz fabric so
size,
common motif tive from Type too,
more
is much
example the same
are
the
the
size
a second
record
archaeological standard type, with none
of
as
the Type
one
fabric of original
before
ca.
170
and
The
supports, 150; of
earliest
however,
are
others
in
are
about
The
most
three
copies.
for braziers of Quartz have
(e.g., 787-789), taken from large
fabric appear
cooking
fabric.
cooking come to
smaller molds
secondary
of Schist
those
in the
of 20 braziers
of
Fragments largely undisturbed
in
light deposits at least 15, these, 16, are of Quartz fabric, perhaps secure contexts for braziers are of Schist made fabric
the construction immediately predating all have plain, handmade and supports
deposits
the
images, although and mechanical
but
prototypes, made presumably
is that of context, well
fabric.
III.lb
generation,
moldmade
between Schist
the Schist
is not
relationship
Type III.lb images. A final consideration
laid down
than
in Schist fabric, satyr with onkos Type III.Id (see 786-789), is clearly deriva it in from the loss of detail. Some of these images, III.lb, differing mainly
same
representing
detailed
of
the Stoa
belong
to a
of Attalos type
in the
discussed
150s;132
separately
these, below
(see pp. 219-220). The earliest context for a Schist fabric brazier with a moldmade support is Thompson's Group D (787, from H 16:4), which was probably deposited ca. 130. Braziers of Schist fabric predominate in deposits of the second half of the 2nd century, and no Quartz fabric
braziers
132. A Q11:3)
and
fragment a plain,
have
of
been
a base
handmade
of
inventoried
a brazier
support
(815,
from
from (P 22199c, from R 9:5). Two
Sullan
more Schist
destruction
braziers
from
cooking
fabric.
debris.
these
deposits
In fact,
(816,
only
818)
may
one
also
was
be
of
in a dated deposit
found
are not
We
it looks as though popular come have from
item
is consistent
with
and
the
Picon?that
at Athens
soon
must
ridge.
the archetype.
the are
are
local
of molds.133
by the presence a remain hypothesis,
and
terminology?"Attic" fabric,
respectively?is
are This
analytical
Athens
for which
of Schist
results of Didelot fol
from the
of molds, local is considerable
there
for braziers
"Aegean" therefore
be
would
derivative
In the absence
one
but
taken
which braziers, braziers.
local manufacture
like Egypt, where
to
occurrence
Here
imitations.
seems
fabric
the widespread
by
and by the preliminary
a
supports, in molds made
the Quartz
fabric
become
of
Schist
below.
adopted
fabric)
made
have been made
itwould
Occasionally,
the framing
however,
by incising a groove ridges
rise above
in a raised surface of
the plane
(755). The panels
in the mold
created by tooling
having been
apparently are
from
had
are with decorated fabric of Quartz large, well usually cooking a double a on a framed raised often or, more field, rarely, single by images slightly a is in surface its upper and from the field by is normally The groove, separated ridge of braziers
the same plane as the field; on
handmade
supports using the Schist fabric
the market
braziers
Production Details Aegean braziers (Quartz cooking Supports formed
century, form, but with
imitations, At Athens,
after.
won
fabric
Didelot's support. and Quartz cooking
fabric
cooking
Closer
assemblage,
Schist
if it is not,
but
fortuitous; the brazier
when
2nd
the hypothesis?suggested
can be demonstrated
circumstantial
the
the overall
160s.
of other centers,
lowing the pattern series export manufacture
of
to have
fabric in the local cooking
be
may
ca. 100).
of Schist fabric braziers began by imitating Quartz
followed seem
so this pattern
sample,
of
in the
inferior,
aesthetically pattern
Imitation
trade. perhaps braziers,
imported
large
the middle
around
of
first,
a very
the manufacturers
sometime
braziers,
laid down after ca. 150 (P 12188 from H 12:1, deposited
with
dealing
WARE
COOKING
216
the field,
of these supports
at the base and toward in their construction, thick back-to-front uniformly tapering fire The sides outer rim bowl. of of the the at the is flush with the the back base, edge top; and with no finger not rounded, and the backs smoothed, impressions, carefully square,
heavy
or other lugs rest nearly flat, with a slight concavity at the bottom (see Pl. 85, top). The beards on vertical wedges of clay that do not exceed the width of the lug. The rims of the fire bowls a at the inner edge. and flat on top, with ridge horizontally projecting a handworked is surrounded the back of the support On elaborate braziers, ap heavy, by is thus formed The coffer or in its one surface. two broad, shallow frame with grooves plique or flower an rosette but in one case contains (756). A thick rim, untenanted, applied usually rim of the an ovolo, the on top and convex with horizontally projecting replaces stamped a dentil frieze was with the rim, sometimes below A large braziers. applied triglyph simpler are
thick
and
heavy,
in which a trace of an indented cable above (754, 756, 768). The triglyphs frame metopes, can be seen on 775. Below the triglyph lie another dentil frieze and a stamped ovolo (775, a the lower from 776). Only fragment single a ribbon. a hand-worked bound by garland
of a decorated
part
is
stand
768, with
preserved:
One elaborate support decorated with a bull's head (772), apparently of Quartz cooking fabric but purchased on the island of Rhodes, shows some unusual features that suggest it emanated
from
a different
shelf with
a flat
surface
the
on
frame
rather
than
larger, vex. The
there
133. For
the back
of
flat, sloping is no trace
ridge
framing
the Egyptian
workshop that extends
industry,
the panel up to the
than
others.
The
bull's
chin
rests
on
a
projecting
in groove beyond area is concave and the framed and narrower, is deeper below the rim are dentils The at top and bottom. frame than con rather and the rim is horizontal below them,
of a triglyph on the field
see Didelot
the
1998.
end
the
the
front
of
the
of
the
panel
animal's
is also
muzzle.
differently
The
constructed,
BRAZIERS
AND
STANDS
COOKING
217
a groove. Another rising above the plane of the field itself, and not separated from it by brazier (811), however, the fabric of which lacks the distinctive golden mica of Quartz cook in iconography and production ing fabric, is identical to products of the Aegean workshops two
These
details.
workshop also that potters
Braziers
of
The
Schist
an
supports, surmoulage,
show
preference to be freehand
appear
same
the
for
satyr with onkos. Most or copies original designs:
of
underside
the
between
apparently of the bottom
of
and shape as the Aegean formed
through wreathed (a
782
e.g.,
been
Aegean the stand
single complete the bottom and on
placed into their
an
final
of their manufac the process in the construction of Aegean braziers. is brazier and there is a (750) very irregular, on
convex
irregularly form around
the
inside.
surface
while
the bottom
of
the
The
slab
the potter stand. The
of
same
of an unidentified, but non-Attic, fabric. The undersides of braziers are very concave. were made on a convex however, ing fabric, regularly They some cases had a circle and a name into incised its surface, signature leaving
on the bottom
of the finished
to braziers
of Attic
brazier
the bottom
worked
a brazier
unique different
fabrics.
to describe
make it possible braziers nearly complete in some details from that used differed ture, which
deep
were
the
Several
crease
in other
and 792 (a satyr with onkos).
papposilenos)
The
but
available,
in details variety three bearded heads
considerable
include
supports
apparent
some
but
that different
suggesting fabric was
Quartz cooking also made supports
tradition
fabric
cooking
moldmade
but with
situation,
fabric)
(Schist cooking
made
decoration.
in the Aegean
the
of
complexity area where
in the
flourished
working
Attic braziers
at the
hint
instances
traditions
had
the is true
edges of 803,
of Schist
cook
form,
letters
(783, 787, 795). This form of labeling appears
manufacture.134
Within
this
is evidence
there
tradition, of the stand.
in
which
in raised
to be two
for
to the walls some braziers, for joining the bottom On like procedures on the Aegean is a crease there between the base of the wall and the bottom, the example, most inside On the of Attic the to transition from the bottom braziers, however, (e.g., 795). no crease or the wall of the stand on the inside is smooth and continuous, with sharp angle
(783, 786, 787, P 22199c). was
stand
the joint Details
thrown
directly the slab
between of
the fire
bowl
This
indicates
onto
the
and
the
are
or extra
slab bottom, as the wheel
also
heavy
of
characteristic
rim of the Aegean
horizontal
clay turned.
stand
convex on top, sometimes with a thickened The
took place on the wheel:
that assembly
added
series.
was
emulated
only
once,
and
The
(786, 787), sometimes
edge
series
the Attic
was
rim
plain on
784.
either
smoothed
is thinner
the over
and
(e.g., 788, 789). The
construc
tion of the holes in the floor of the bowl differs from the single Aegean brazier where this (750). On 750, all the holes in the bottom of the bowl seem to part of the vessel is preserved have
been
made
on
cut
in the
leather-hard
state.
On
the Attic
the central hole was however, braziers, a surrounded well-smoothed broad, always by ridge (e.g., 789, a as sometimes well Further of the took 795), hole, (788). groove however, tooling place when the clay had partially the has sometimes been from beneath in the dried; and, opening pared case of 780, it appears on the wheel, the central some hole had been formed that, although was or cut additional out knocked after the clay away carelessly clay had dried. Also typical of
the Attic braziers into
them?to
stand
made
the vessel
(Hampe is made
removed
from
to dry before
is the use of three tabs of clay?aligned
anchor
134. A precise on Crete
It is almost
the wheel.
it possible
for
parallel may and Winter
be found
on
being
a disk
1962, with
among
pp. 97-98, an incised
stand. to reach
the potter
on still resting lifted. The resultant
the wheel
to the
the bowl
modern pl. 23:6).
pithoi There
it is signature; the disk and allowed signature
consists
of
with the pierced
holes and running
vent cut in the that had been rectangular a inside and secure these it thus served tabs;
The
symbols a raised
or
letters
circle.
mid-2nd-century fig. XXVIII).
Cf.
a date, in the example cited all within a found in a chytra of unknown origin at context Paphos (Paphos III, p. 161, no. 61, and
also
218 function
in the
construction
supports so there
of Attic
braziers
useful
WARE
COOKING of
as well
the brazier
as
a draft
creating
to
the fire
keep
alight. The ziers, appear.
is substantial same
The
were
most
framing
by themselves
in the
similarity architecture
from surmoulage and the frames
created
often
images from familiar
Aegean
bra
imported in which on
braziers?image
they sur
field
rounded by ridge (s)?is found on Attic ones, but with some exceptions, all of which may be attributed to retooling of secondary molds. 778, 779, and 792 have a double ridge that rises above the plane of the field, and on 777, an additional framing ridge has been added. The image on 791 is surrounded simply by a groove; but since the piece seems to be overfired, structure its original The construction
is not
certain.
the
supports smaller
of
are
shows more
than
variation
is found
in the Aegean from
thinner the Aegean ones, lighter generally panels are or at the edges. In shape rounded front and tapering they frequently widely are vertical marks often backs (see Pl. 85, bottom). showing finger irregular, as concave out convex but deeply below, flat, they are often above, they flare
The
and
than
series. to
back Their
flaring. Rather to the
than of
edge
the rim, which frequently projects beyond the base of the support (e.g., on 786). The clay on either side of the lug, forming supporting the lug on the front often projects horizontally as to the wall, though more form elaborate
an arc The
thumbs. by the potter's or two three Attic is attested by
smoothed of brazier
two supports
fragments:
stand. with decorated backs (782, 792) and probably also 796, a fragment from a decorated These differ significantly from their Aegean analogs. The framing of the panels is different than The rim of 792 is horizontal rather of one or two rounded in form, ridges. consisting to a curved below on top, and has convex decoration shifted the stamped ovolo molding a convex and small its direction is the but ovolo has the rim. 782 rim, unusually stamped on 796 are oriented rather than in a The leaves of the garlands has been reversed. vertically on Thus the more for direction naturalistic instance, 768). (as, composition original diagonal decorative,
having
was manufactured, of the
construction
is nearly
the back
edges,
and
thick
horizontally of an Aegean
imitation a
group homogeneous All the basis of context. are
supports
as is normal
have
the
with
a
decorated
and
therefore
vessels
that
same
examples than usual:
model
offer
some
the panel
purely
leaves.
the shape The
clues. has
square
the outer edge of the rim, and the rim itself is
flat and flush with
projecting, brazier, of Attic
the Attic
of
to the Aegean
is closer
784
support
of
details
production
some
of
garland
the span during which
to date individual braziers within
it is difficult
Although
of a real
structure
to the actual
its connection
lost
but the tooling of the garland has become
is preserved,
and boukranion
of garland
braziers.
for Aegean
early possibly near can be placed
in the the
III.Id
Type
second-generation
end
of
the
faithful is also series
local
on
the rim and, where preserved, comes onkos. One satyr with
downcurved
distinctive,
It is, then, a more local series. There
from Thompson's Group E (788), two from Sullan destruction debris (789, 795), and a fourth (P 11895) from Robinson's Group F, which contained a considerable amount of Sullan debris; data
these
suggest
a date
between
of other
Braziers The
Group
Thompson's
origins
the twomolds
and
86 b.c. More
elaborate
rim
evidence
contextual
D,
for
this
forms,
like
those
in the case of 787,
is lacking.
fabrics
of only
manufacture.
120
indicate a date early in the series, but, except
of 783, 786, and 787, might from
ca.
a few of
(800,805) 801 was
the
purchased
braziers
remaining
were found
can be pinpointed.
As mentioned
in Egypt, and there is no reason to doubt
on Rhodes,
and
similar,
though
unpublished
above,
their Egyptian braziers
on
the
island suggest itwas made there. The fabric and iconography of 802 are paralleled elsewhere is still a mystery. The form of the support is (see catalogue entry), although its provenience closer
to that
of Aegean
than
of Attic
braziers,
suggesting
manufacture
somewhere
within
BRAZIERS
orbit. The mask
the Aegean its fabric,
COOKING
STANDS
814 may be identified
applique
in shell
is rich
which
AND
as a
inclusions,
219
by its form and, more The
of Berenike.135
product
tellingly, and
iconography
in the Aegean series and, although its fabric is unlike construction of 811 are well paralleled at the that of other Aegean supports Agora, it is unlikely to have been made far from the centers.
Aegean Other
be
may
supports
of
local
manufacture.
is similar
797
to Attic
in shape,
products
although the fabric differs somewhat from Schist cooking fabric. The type of 804 is docu in the collection of the Epigraphical Museum mented (see catalogue entry), and analysis of The form of the mask the fabric of those comparanda has suggested an Attic provenience. a small
of 810,
of unique
support
a handmade
with
construction,
to masks
is similar
panel,
on Attic kantharoi.136 The mask type and the construction of the support of 806 are closely paralleled in braziers of Schist cooking fabric. Its fabric and the dark brown wash that covers it links it to 807, and both may be local products. Contexts It is not surprising,
of course,
an unusual
is, however,
to find braziers of
concentration
in building
these
vessels
fills or in household
in the
debris. There
around
deposits
the mudbrick
building that lies under the Stoa of Attalos at Q-R 10-11. Fragments of four were found in (749, 750, 816, P 22199c). deposit Q 11:3, on the floor of the corridor south of the building Four more come from elsewhere in the building (746, 774, 808, 829). Two more were found on the interior, fairly close by, in deposit R 9:5 (815, 818). Most of these are smoke-blackened is that the building might have indicating that they had seen use. One possible explanation served
as a taverna.
with
Brazier Handmade
Charts
Plain, Supports
(815-822)
9 inventoried examples Shape:
(1 in deposit sample)
Hemispherical lugs of various lunate
22, 36, Fig. 95, Pis. 87, 88
bowl;
various
forms
with
handmade
forms, /
panel.
\\_
_^ / rectangular
=
\
of rim; handmade
^^/
Jm ^r
or
= =:" \\
Date: Ca. 165 to early 1st century, with one earlier example / Nine
plain
2003,
?ahin
Comparanda:
brazier
pi. 27
50-51,
pp.
have
supports
been
\
\\
(Knidos). at the Agora,
inventoried
cooking fabric and therefore of local manufacture
five
(815-818,822).
of
them made
Enough
of Schist
of the wall of 816 is
to show that the fire bowl was to a stand. The forms attached preserved hemispherical originally of the rims and what remains of the upper walls of the bowls the braziers compare closely with discussed in and were form overall and same. construction the above, they probably
Four of the local braziers Thus
century. the earliest
appear
they
Attic
attempts
come
from deposits
in the
early to imitate
imported
panel of 815, its flat back, flush with are
clearly
on
modeled
are
features, however, we have lar, a feature
made
features
of
idiosyncratic. seen in a more
history
of
laid down before the
braziers.
shape The
the middle
at Athens, carefully
of the 2nd
and may squared
represent of the edges
the outer edge of the rim, and the thick, squared rim, on the rim of 816. Other series, as is the ovolo are lunate the five rather than rectangu panels elaborate version in the of the palmette panel locally
the Aegean Four of
794. The rim is usually downcurved
135. Cf. Riley 1979, p. 310, no. D710, fig. 116, pl. XXXIX. 136. Cf. P 28523 p. 270, no. 270, pl. 141). (AgoraXXlX,
and projects well beyond
the back of the panel,
as
WARE
COOKING
220
on Attic braziers with moldmade ones, is supports. The projecting lug, like the moldmade deep rather than wide, on 815 and 818 a projecting triangle similar in profile to the bearded heads. On 816 and 817, however, its profile is instead rounded. Three
supports plain and construction.
fabric,
from Two
somewhat are
in terms
miscellany field (820),
a raised
with
flaring?one
a
are
braziers
smaller
one
with
of form, a scored
is lunate (819). The rims are unusual: slightly outwardly upper edge (821)?and thickened on 819; apparently triangular in section on 820; and down turned on 821. The lugs are less monumental than usual, on 820 and 821 supported by horizontal flanges arching to the wall of the fire bowl rather than by a deep wedge of clay below. On 819 the tip of the the other
to sup to form a concave it was designed for the pot surface indented resting lug has been in its construction. The series the Attic and the Aegean from both 821 is very different port. a over tab of under the of the the outer is situated rim, rim, supported by clay edge panel more a 45 at about The and projects outward sharply lug projects degree supporting angle. a closed come not the from does braziers. than on 821 deposit, Although typical upward
with which itwas found suggests a date in the late 2nd or early 1st century. a lunate Finally, P 34502, an imported fragment preserving part of the rim and handmade is heavily shell panel (identified in context pottery too late to be included in the Catalogue) was found in a fill that tempered, suggesting that itmay have been made in Berenike.137 It of this type in North Africa was discarded not long after 200 (K 7:1), attesting manufacture
material
in the
early
2nd
Shape:
Stand
Cooking
Horseshoe 6 inventoried
century.
examples
(1 in deposit
Cylindrical
stand open
Charts 22, 36, Fig. 96, PL 89
(823-827) sample) on one
two
with
side, pierced
j\l\\/\ /
/
side).
cm. ca. 13.5, Diam. 22.0-30.0 Ca. 165 to early 1st century Siebert 1970, p. 268, nos. D 272-D
Y/
p_T^
vent holes; three lugs with projections above (two larger lugs at wall ends, small tab opposite open
^__V
x^__=|
1
1
4
I \ 1
\1
//_1\
Size: H. Date: Comparanda:
276,
2003, p. 57, nos. KF 38, nos. 36-38, 1995, p. 207, fig. 5.2:7, 12, 20 163-164, fig. (Pantikapeion).
pl. 50
KF 39, pl. 32 (Knidos); Rosenthal-Heginbottom 13 (Dor); Zeest and Marchenko 1962, pp. bear witness A few fragmentary examples or stand with vertical horseshoe-shaped earlier with much one, precedents. simple into the 6th.139 It then vanishes survives be
reintroduced
have examples are set diagonally the wall opening.
to a different
?ahin
of cooking
form
a semicircular
device:
The
small
three
and
walls
(Delos);
pot supports.138 in the 7th in the Agora
It first appears the ceramic
there
record
from
shape century
for four
centuries,
is a and to
The Hellenistic of the 2nd century. in the second in small numbers quarter at the wall ends two The a low, wall. vertical and nearly lugs supporting heavy, than the third, a small tab set opposite to the wall and are more substantial All
lugs
have
projecting
tabs
above
them.
The
the
of
form
rim
varies.
In
the earliest examples it is slightly projecting or outwardly thickened (823, 824), while on oth ers it is thick and slopes steeply to the inside (825, 827). Two small, round vent holes pierce located halfway between the wall end and the central lug.Wheel-run the wall at half-height, from Berenike, For the typical fabric of braziers 1. local fabric 1979, pp. 94-95, Benghazi IIA in Scheffer's 138. It is Form (Acquarossa typology similar devices Remarkably pp. 28, 43, figs. 2, 3, 11-15). 137.
see
Riley
II.1, con
tinue
pis.
in modern
to be made
pi. 49:a,b). 139. P 8396, 11, 40);
P 14269
P 25008
Pakistan
(AgoraVlll,
(AgoraXII,
pp.
p. 377,
(Rye
and
Evans
55, 103, nos. 211, no. 2016, pi. 97).
1976,
626,
AND
BRAZIERS
grooves
at
appear
and a bold
the
top
and
221 as combed
case,
incisions:
some
grits,
but
825,
P 6759,
have and
827
826),
are made
(825, 827). All six examples
the wall
large white source. same
fabric, with many not all have the
STANDS
(in one
the wall
embellish
incised wavy line may
of very coarse and they may
of
bottom
COOKING
inclusions,
large quartzlike a form fairly
close
group,
as do 823 and 824; 826 is a little different. The earliest context for the shape is a fill associated with the building of the Middle Stoa, but located to the south of the building and containing some objects dating as late as ca. 150 (see 823, 824). The shape then must appear in the course of the second quarter of the 2nd The other four century. to the early 1st century.
come
examples
from
shape exists in the Early Roman
The
contexts
of
the
second
in a slightly different
period
of
half
the 2nd
form and fabric, and
to a broad, it is attached lacks the incised Now decoration. shallow itself tray, which in the 1st low legs.140 Robinson after which a.d., reports many century fragments was an elaborate He it metal that versions, again. disappears speculates replaced by of which
has
Other
and
Braziers
shape
example
Cooking
Stands
Chart 22, Fig. 96, PL 89
(828-835)
examples
of braziers
Fragments
on
stands the
at Stabiae.141
survived
9 inventoried
century
used
occasionally
of various
in the earlier
forms
show
of
part
that
made
hearths
portable
the Hellenistic
period.
Two
of
were
ceramic vessels
fragmentary
from
Menon's Cistern (F 16:8, deposited ca. 275) and another fragment from the lower fill of cistern a device similar in form to, but much N 21:4 (deposited ca. 210) document simpler and less monumental brazier (see 828). Like it, this brazier combines than, the standard Hellenistic a stand stand, is
a
and
fire perforated a recessed underside, so we
missing, at
to have
been
831
the Agora. 830 shallow. fairly
suggests
tury deposit.
of braziers and
831
830
comes
shape
of
of different
handles. a
pot.142
types have been
vessel.
complete
have
angular
in Hellenistic and
rim,
its close of
of
placement
the
is
lug
plain
multiple
of 787).
of 831,
above
the
level
of
the
an
stand, it could
if there
was
in
paralleled
top of ports,
the
it, although in turn balanced
rim; its context a
possible
source
dates for
pot 829
have on fire
balanced is unusual
is
probably
imported.143
140. P 14122
but
141. Ward-Perkins
vessel.
no. G 123, under (AgoraV, pp. 34-35, pl. 38). and Claridge 1978, no. 159. on Tinos found 142. A fragment in a context of ca. 260 a support 230/220 (TenosI, p. 212, no. Bb 14, pl. 95), preserves
the form
is probably
143. Cf. Ephesos Xlll-.hl,
placed bowl with
sup incurved
at Ephesos
a short
quite
different
p. 229,
no.
on
been
in its plain,
Only
not
of ashes,
removal
it in the first third of the 2nd century. A parallel which
through
on the wall (cf. the hole high over have been like 833, an placed something near the bottom of the wall. There is no trace of
resulting arrangement?cooking on stand?seems cumbersome.
the piece,
cooking
one
stand, integrated a with pot awkwardly shaped large opening on the interior so the hole was of this vessel, for the burning probably for the introduction of fuel and tending of the fire. The fire bowl must Lacking
lug
to imagine
stands, but those have vertical rather than incurving walls. A hole has been pierced the floor
to
1 st-cen
its primarily
been
appear
resemblance
from the rim and it is difficult
asymmetrically The
found
an outturned
walls and angular from a deposit; 3rd-century that the latter may be part of the element 3rd-century one Each of must what have preserves fragment only the
a low, cylindrical The upper body
with
vessel,
rather than recurved projecting or not it had whether for supports
supports. On 830 the lug projects the
thin-walled
and
know
a miscellany
In addition, contexts
not
do
it is a rather
but
bowl,
arc
from
957,
pl.
suggests of
the
that of
70.
rim
the Attic
COOKING
222
WARE
a rather thin vertical wall and a plain horizontal rim. The of 832 is preserved, documenting bird perched on the rim, its tail to the inside and apparently intended as a support, relates to braziers,
the piece
form
the
although
is uncertain,
the presence
and
traces
of
of
on
paint
the bird cast doubt on its use as a brazier. There is an opening in the wall below the support, stand. Bird supports are not unknown and it is possible that this is some sort of fenestrated on
devices, heating than rather wings,
is on parallel as a support.144
served
834 is a simple but well-made as a brazier.
it functioned
that
bowl of cooking
Rather
be
would
far more
found. Only
in metal,
practical
a few Hellenistic
a
it bears
tripod has been
which
on the interior
shows
in the form
of an
(835); it is a device
recovered
none
the
where
Stabiae,
mark
potter's
so very
why
explains
are known,
examples
from
fabric; blackening
surprisingly,
inscription. A single fragmentary
incised
stove
the bronze
the best
however; the tail,
ones
ceramic
few
that been
have
like the Agora
of them precisely
tripod.145
OTHER COOKING EQUIPMENT (Fig. 97, PL 90)
(836-847)
in only a small number is preserved or the out of metal; made may hapaxes commonly are two steamers, not There that were consisting repeated.
of cooking variety such tools were more
A
innovations
equipment
of
examples.
be
imports of a lower
Perhaps or
potters' chamber
and an upper chamber with a pierced floor (836, 837); one dates to the 3rd century, the other to the 2nd.146 In the complete example (837) it is clear that the lower chamber could have held nothing but liquid; the vessels must then have been used for steaming of some
840
could
steamers
from
also
sort.147 Possibly bodies of such
are
838
and
839,
spouts
on
positioned
perhaps
lower
the
devices. functioned
have
as a
its large
but
stand,
cooking
diameter
cm
28
(ca.
at
the
More probably it is a barrel stove, top) would suit it for only the very largest cooking pots. a from the 6th and 5th centuries at the of a in handful of examples type that is documented Corinth, Agora, or tanur, 2l larger,
and
Pantikapeion.148 built oven fixed,
as the
same manner
in the functioned It probably common East. Flat in the Near
be
could
bread
tabun
baked
by
of the stove, once it had been heated by push placing pats of dough against the inner wall at the bottom. A red-figure cup of the second quarter of ing fuel in through the opening the 5th
shows
century
of dough. piece Thracian coast,149 times.
Although
great-grandparent's world.150
144. See
above,
n.
Its use
a woman is also
approaching illustrated by
with
an
object
that
from
is probably Sicily, and
a
the
Cyprus, at least in earlier distributed, though sparsely, widely, apparently over from some left an been have could such very long lived, possibly object from the Greek is at least one other Hellenistic there kitchen, example figurines
so it was
and open in shape, but smaller similar vessels as cheesemakers identified have been underneath, (Bosanquet and Brothwell Brothwell 1969, 1901-1902b, p. 309, fig. 22:13,14; is coinciden assume resemblance the I that pp. 52-53, fig. 17). see Karapanou and Hellenistic tal. For a probable cheesemaker, Katakouta 2000a, pp. 112-115.
P
148.
141.
145. Cf. Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou 1997, pp. 74-75, pi. 62; Deme an earlier For nos. 7. 4, XXVIILl, 2, 161-164, triasl, p. 127, pi. no. 2020, pi. 97. see at the Agora, 377, XII, p. Agora example in to be a closely similar vessel was found 146. What appears on Delos the House of Hermes, 600-601, 1953, (Marcade pp. fig. 98). 147. Minoan
a device
such terracotta
pi. 97).
17822
Sparkes
no.
(Agora XII, pp. 233, 377, and Talcott list two additional
fig. 19, at the
2023,
examples
Agora (P 21959 [Boulter 1953, p. 97, no. 124, pi. 36], P 16520) and 1962,
one pp.
at Corinth 161-162,
See also Zeest (C-27-354). and 14 (6th5th-century fig.
and Marchenko examples
from
Pantikapeion). 149. Sparkes
1981, pp. 175-176, cup), pis. 3a (the red-figure and their of modern For the making 4 (the figurines). examples, 1976, pp. 248-249, use, see Rye and Evans pis. 47, 48. of ca. 50). 150. Tenos I, p. 223, no. Eb 16, pi. 106 (context sites in Palestine: tabuns also occur on Hellenistic Built-in e.g., TelAnafal.l
and
1.2, pp.
95-100,
figs.
2.21,
2.22,
pis.
67,
71.
OTHER
Other a
vessels are too fragmentary
pitcher
provided
the Maison
like a pan;
vessel,
although
the pan
was
placed
ware.
identifies
Riley
disks have been was
in bronze,
called bread found
slightly
concave
on
similar
Roman,
the floor
rather
as a bread
piece a very
shallow
24 cm
suggests,
Similar
relief
of household
and
Smaller
to
intended
thicker
relief
closely similar object, but
in diameter,
relief
with
decoration
as a lid.155843 shares its relief decoration,
identified
and may
underneath
been
in an oven.
than
or cake mold.
pan,
comes from a
on the bottom
stamps153 and jar lids.154A seemingly
on Delos:
have
from
fragments
in date.151842 must
in it. The heavy burning a fire,
to be the neck of
841 appears
and at Phaistos,152 but both are apparently
on the inner surface, and tentatively is
is Late
relief
over
directly
the Berenike
identification.
suggest itmay be Hellenistic
the elaborate
disks have been found at Berenike
223
EQUIPMENT
its context
on whatever was baked
leave its impression that
for definite
on Delos
des Comediens
flat-bottomed
however,
a strainer;
with
COOKING
come
instead
a lid;
from
context
the
is late,
and
but the
piece may not be Hellenistic. 844 is intriguing for the method of its construction. An oval ring foot has been added to the side of a wheelmade like the small pot; the complete shape may have been something askoi known inWest Slope ware.156 Other large askoi from the Agora (76-79) lack feet and are made three
of household cooking
ware,
so
pots?casseroles
served presumably or stewpots?are
a different of
function
interest
for
from
their
this vessel.
unusual
handles.
Finally, The
handle of 845 clearly imitates metalware in the relief loop that hangs down from the scalloped handle plate; context dates it in the 3rd or early 2nd century. The other two (846, 847), both from
the
same
Late
Hellenistic
context,
are
loop
of clay
151. Bruneau
surrounds
one
of
the horizontal
1970b, p. 258, no. D 209, pl. 48. La Rosa 1979, p. 312, no. D723, pl. XL (Berenike); 1990, p. 164, pl. 83:d (Phaistos). 153. DehsXMlll, 2000. pp. 230-233, pl. LXXVI; Szczepkowska 152. Riley
to one
similar
closely
same pot. The shape was probably a fairly deep one, with are attested. 847 has a configurations simple, horizontal handle of 846 ismade up of three different elements. The from the rim, anchored between the roots of a diagonally handle's
but
another,
not
from
the
a low neck. Two different handle handle with shouldering, but the stub of a vertical handle protrudes placed horizontal handle. A thick
attachments.
154. Tarsusl, pp. 155. Zapheiropoulou 156. P 18573
198-199, 1998,
(AgoraXXlX,
fig. pp.
159A-G. 209,
p. 298,
290, no. 228. no. 522, fig. 38, pl.
50).
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
On are
the
following summarized
pages
the
ranges a
of
the major shapes mark indicate that
question An existence of the is slight or ambiguous. range a is rare during that span. A dot indicates shape single example context A question than all the others. mark the bar below
whether
the
form
graphically. in this form
chronological Bars with
was made
after
that date.
empty from indicates
in the
text
evidence
for
the
indicates
that
discussed the bar a much that
earlier
or
the later
it is uncertain
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
226
Trefoil Mushroom
Chous
?
-
300
jug:
jug
split rim
a
-
-
4 3 Askos
2
1
-
i i
I
Chart
_H_!_____
_____
__________
_____
__________
___
23. Chronological
_-___ Ri3_____
_____ _5J
Es
-** mR_i_i
ranges
of
jugs
BHWJ
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
ID
UJ
12
UJ
3
?
u/ 4
5
350 -A-?
300
-B -m-
I
?
150
-_-1
100
BC/AD
-1-_-1
-1
Chart
24. Chronological
ranges
of
amphoras
227
\1/
6
uJ
7
^ w
v 12
fTV \_y
CD \_l/ 12
3
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
Classical
Form 1
23 Form Form
350-A
300-1-?-?
100
50
-1-1
-
Chart
26. Chronological
ranges
of mortars
229
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
230
Krater
Serving dish 350
-?
300
-1
200 -?-1
- 150
50
Chart
-1
-
27. Chronological
ranges
of
serving
dish
and
krater
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
^x^ Lekane
^7 1
Lekane
2
^t*
My
Lekane
3
28. Chronological
H7
Lekane 4
Deep
ranges
of
lekanai
w bowl
^H
EsS
^H
Chart
231
and
bowls
Shallow
bowl
232
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
n^\?V?
r-s
i
Shallow
t
spouted
/K
m
\_I_( Deep
spouted basin
V
lid Fenestrated lid/bowl
^T\
m
Two-handled
Low stand
-
300
200 -1-1
150
-1-_
100 -1-1-1-1
BC/AD
-
-^
Chart
29. Chronological
ranges
of various
household
shapes
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
*$ 350
12
H
4
3
ill
233
6
5
7
i
8
-1
300-1-?
250
-1
200-B-h?B
1
.
I ?1
!'"50
I -'
I
|
BC/AD Chart
30. Chronological
ranges
of gray
unguentaria
I
i
234
_
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
I
f
f
Blister-ware
Domed-mouth
Phoenician
aryballos
unguentarium
amphoriskos
Radish
jar
300 -1-.
-
250 -1-
BC/AD
-'-
-
Chart
31. Chronological
ranges
of various
oil
and
unguent
containers
Vial
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
ro
?
cd ^mffifDWtt)
235
03
123456789
r
10
~i?^?i?I-'?H I T
I
I
?
I
B
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
50
-1-1-1-1
BC/AD
50
|
|
|
-
-1-1
-^
Chart
32. Chronological
ranges
of
chytrai
H
11
1
3
2
.
4 [Delicate]
4 [Standard]
5
350-A
300-1-?
200
-1-1
150-1-
I
-1-_
03
-
-
100
50
BC/AD
I _H I
I _H I-
-1-P
-1_H
*? I CD
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
Parcher
12
546 7
237
3
300 -I
200-
-
100-1-1-1-^-#-1
-
i
d
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
238
2
1
5
4
3
350-A
300-1-h
250-?j-
100-1-*?
BC/AD
-
-
Chart
35. Chronological
ranges
of
cooking-ware
lids
6
SUMMARY OF SHAPE CHRONOLOGIES
ill 200
^T5^
Moldmade
Handmade
supports
supports
-
239
Horseshoe stand
150 -1-1-1
100 -1-1-1
Chart
36.
Chronological
ranges
of braziers
and
cooking
stands
PART III CATALOGUE
CATALOGUE
Each catalogue
Excavation to a lead
within
number(s)
inventory
number preceded
information:
in boldface.
number
Catalogue
the following
entry contains
The
parentheses.
inventory
by a letter, usually P (for pottery), but occasionally to a
seal attached
pot),
MC
(Miscellaneous
Clay,
number
to some
applied
of a
consists
IL (Iron and Lead, applied braziers
and
potting
equipment), SS (Stamps and Seals, applied to stamped lagynoi), or T (Terracotta, applied to a beehive). Inventory numbers linked by a plus sign indicate fragments that are physically joined. Nonjoining
that were
fragments
believed
to come
excavator
the
by
a
from
single
are
object
normally indicated by letters following the inventory number; this system is also sometimes used for pots and their lids (e.g., 650 and 726). Sometimes it has subsequently been determined that the
do not,
fragments
in fact,
come
from
the piece has been analyzed,
When
same
but
object,
the
original
Sample number
remain.
designations
(AS plus a number).
to illustrations.
Reference
Previous publication In most
Context. be
the
I also give itsAgora
(in chronological
cases,
reference
order).
is to a closed
in the Deposit Summaries. For is located within the 20-meter
found
may the provenience
about deposit, that do not pieces and grid preceded
which come by
further from
the word
information
closed
deposits,
"Area"
(e.g.,
75,
from Area H 13). I also include the lot or pottery-storage number of pottery found in associa tion with the piece, if any has been saved (aGreek letter giving the excavation section, followed by a number; in the case of 75, this is lot K 264). Measurements
unless otherwise These to have been restricted (in centimeters indicated). and the diameter of the foot, measure feasible. Unspecified diameter body, and rim, where are for the of the for closed this is the for open largest part object; shapes, belly, shapes, the rim. Diameters of incomplete have been estimated with the aid of a diameter pieces
height ments
usually chart. Where H.
=
p.H.
relevant,
p.W.
preserved
width
max.
width L. = length
p.L. Some small
=
preserved
These
are:
rest.
is used size of
The
and
abbreviations
following
have
been
used:
= diameter diameter
= maximum p. dim. = restored
preserved
dimension
= estimated
est.
length
special terminology in the differences
generations.
given.
= p.Diam. preserved = Th. thickness
height =
=
been
Diam.
height = preserved
W.
have
capacities
additional
the moldmade
measurements image
are
meaningful
are
for braziers, given for assignment
where to mold
244 Panel:
the rectangular
its attached
the panel and = of support distance
Frame:
the border
of field
W. State
from
within
Description. top. Usually
of
Descriptions those details only
to one
certainty Hellenistic
of
fabrics
waterjug Schist,
Micaceous,
and
shape
ochre,
Gritty
the
Slate,
I give
variable).
complete
well as for objects a lOx hand
with
and inclusions. and
the number a
simple The results
if one
are
noted
burning
and
usually be seen on
area
cooking
of raised ancient
from
gray fabrics
the
incandescent
unguentarium the among
include
color,
description prescribed or not the fabric could be
and
fabric;
and
buff
wares).
texture
of
as
fabric,
is based on
the naked
with
the
eye
and
surface,
Soil Color Chart, with both
by the chart. Hardness a scratched by fingernail
the verbal
temper,
cooking
of the fabric
hardness,
to the Munsell
by reference
described.
(which is extremely
Pinkish
light,
to the
assigned with
Pink
fine,
less-uniform
repairs.
are
the drawings
(Attic
field.
the bottom
an object has been
fabrics wares;
for
under
normally
is described
test: whether
edge
fabric I give only the color
however,
is available,
features
lens;
Color
or upper
or atypical fabrics. Description
of nonstandard
of a break,
observation
1
cooking
descriptions,
or
uniform
Pan
of a raised
the edge
move
household
and
For Lopas 5 cooking fabric and Quartz
edge;
with when
and
to top of panel
etc.)
edge
cannot
dispensed
among
or
ridges
decoration
that
shape
(beard, muzzle,
of wear
indications
the well-characterized
of
usually
at upper
frame,
of the fabric has been
Description
element
at upper
of frame
including
is attached
relief
relief
the relief,
width
= measurement
of preservation,
the
tip of supporting
surrounding
= exterior
of frame
W.
to which
upright
Support: H.
CATALOGUE
was
determined
or a metal
by point.
as follows:
recorded
soft (easily scratched by fingernail) medium hard (scratched by fingernail) hard (scratched by metal point) It was the
noted,
surface
course
in the
however, was often
less
ingful for any single
than
of context
of examination
that of a break,
so this data
of that the hardness pottery, mean not is probably particularly
object. Texture was determined
inventoried
by feel, and ranges from
are mentioned if Voids smooth, porosity grainy, gritty; powdery, a sawed surface. to evaluate are but they are very difficult without prominent, they particularly were inclusions are described individual abundance. and Inclusions size, Although by color, a to commercial estimated size was usually sometimes measured, sand-grading by reference the chart, using following categories: to
very
fine
fine
(very fine
(fine
medium coarse very
nim
1/s-1A
sand)
(coarse
V2-I
sand)
(very
coarse
a smooth, sawed on a relative
surface,
mm
1/4-1/2
sand) mm
sand)
1-2
mm large
Without
noted.
Vie-Vsmm
sand)
(medium
coarse
is also
marked
and
the abundance
of
the
larger inclusions
than was
2 mm to gauge, but Inclu abundant.
difficult
or scale of few, some, many, and impressionistic as can be recognized as are unless inclusions described reflect they sparkling light or is particularly are not the amount unless of mica; large usually quantified they fragments most for of the abbreviated is somewhat fabric for formula small. The unguen description
was
placed sions that
taria, which
are
as a class
rather
fine
and
uniform.
CATALOGUE
245
in the and Other commentary. Comparanda pieces Agora are close from sites in other included very Only parallels catalogue to the of generally similar the reader is referred shape, comparanda Date
the
context.
For
other
of
Summaries. on
is none, narrower
For
for
further contexts, are on dates based
contexts, account.
the notebook
date
closed
the object
In a handful
the
it has
within
found
be
may associated
vessels text.
the
in the Deposit there or, where
pottery been possible
also
first.
listed
for other
entries; listed
details cases
of
are
collection
a
to offer
itself.
HOUSEHOLD WARE JUGS Chous
Shape
(Oinochoe,
4
3)
Ring Foot 1 (P1838)
P.H.
1, PL 1
Fig. 1934, p. 324, no. A 49. Thompson G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A) to rim
H. Foot
Diam.
27.1;
small
chipped,
of
foot
of
18.2. body most of rim miss
10.7,
in bottom,
hole
ing. Made in two pieces. Pinkish buff fabric 2: fairly soft, slightly grainy, reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 7/6). Inclusions: fine
many lucent
some
dark,
gray;
fine
many
few
white,
large
coarse
very
325-300.
Context
ca.
of
Foot
of
Diam.
and
rim
berries
with
6/4)
clusions:
16.9. body of wall missing.
fragment
of ivy garland
around
(overfired?),
of
10.0,
chipped,
in two pieces. Ghost with
foot
neck.
darker
surface
few fine
to very
Made
fabric:
5/2,
weak
white;
few
2.5YR dull
5
these
three,
AgoraXIl,
pl. 74); P 29301 ca.
Date: later
3
p.
(2.5YR In
351,
Context
red).
nos.
1625,
of
ca.
325-260,
sions: and
Trefoil 6
Ivy gar
in dull brown on neck. Atypical fabric: soft, slightly grainy, light gray (10YR 7/2). Inclusions: to very
coarse
ca.
300.
Context
dull voids, cf.
of
ca.
white, some
few
fine
orange;
large.
118. Probably 300-265.
1, PL 1 74.
14, pi.
fig. of
9.4,
Traces
to fine
fine
17.4.
body resin
of
on
interior.
Context
sparkling.
ca.
of
Prob
fabric: soft, slightly (ca. 5YR 6/6). Inclu
medium
white, few
very
gray;
300.
imported.
Split
of
of
ochre-brown voids.
Many
(O 20:3,
325-260.
Rim
foot
and
body restored.
12.1,
of
smaller
1, PL 1
24.9.
body of
parts
at
Seam
foot,
of
and
rim, and
neck; junction body handle. parts. Lightly grooved horizontal bands in thin brown on gloss belly, below lower handle also on handle attachment, in
made
in narrow
dium
sparkling. Many and decoration, fabric
1629,
foot
missing.
Diam.
38.6;
probably Three
land with berries
For
H.
a few
preserved.
of
Jug:
Much
with
11.0. rim
no.
(P 19365) Fig. AgoraXll, p. 350, no. 1621, fig. 14, pi. 73. D 16:1, lower fill
and
and
Diam. rim
ca.
Date:
clusions:
many medium no almost
Many
Two other examples with disk foot: P 14178 I); P 29301 Q 5:1, IV). Possibly not Attic.
medium
of neck
gray,
sparkling.
Fig.
some very translucent
handle
R13:9
Date:
of
at and
one-fourth
many
in two pieces. Atypical ably made grainy and powdery reddish yellow
1628,
(P 30953) PL 1 P.H.
translucent fine
325-300
351,
p.
25.0;
1627,
pieces.
About
Probably
B 13:8, lower fill (POU)
sparkling.
(J 5:1, IV).
325-300.
medium
white;
(P 10258)
H.
Other large jugs with ivy garlands: P 19727 (B 18:7, lower fill); P 6937 (D-E 8-9:1); P 13454 (O 20:3, II) (for see
ca.
of
AgoraXll,
voids.
Many
missing.
hard
light reddish brown
(ca. coarse
large voids. Context
in black)
(originally
Nonstandard
fairly smooth
12.3.
body
mouth
some
Inclusions: (2.5YR 6/8). fine to coarse dull
few
Part
(P2881) 1, PL 1 Fig. no. A 1934, 323, 48, 8; p. Thompson fig. Agora XII, p. 351, no. 1626, fig. 14, pl. 74. G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A) 28.0;
upper
of
5.5, and
made in one piece. Ivygarland with berries in dull brown on shoulder. Pinkish buff fabric 2: soft, powdery, light red
325-260.
2
H.
foot
neck,
Disk Foot
sparkling.
undecorated examples: P 12706 and P 13559 (O 18:2); P 1824 (G 13:4, lower fill) (for these three, see AgoraXIl, pp. 350-351, nos. 1623, 1624, 1631, pl. 74); P 12990 (S19:8). ca.
of
Diam.
16.9;
Handle,
1, PL 1
Fig.
trans
Other
Date:
(P 29264) J5:1,V
dark
band
hard, few
two
inside
smooth, coarse
and
red;
to very many
rim.
reddish
Nonstandard
yellow
coarse sparkling.
dull
fabric:
(5YR 6/6). white
Many
and tiny
In me
round
voids.
Others of same size: P 11290 (B 13:8, lower fill); P 29267 (but without rim preserved, J 5:1, V). Smaller: P 13562 (AgoraXll, p. 350, no. 1620, pi. 73 [O 18:2]). Possibly Attic. Context
of
ca.
325-275
246 Trefoil
Other
CATALOGUE H 16:3 (Group B), north chamber
Jugs
to rim
H.
7
(P5741) E 15:3, lower fill H.
15.0;
Rim
Diam.
and
Lower
crudely
foot
of
8.1,
14.7.
body
piece.
fabric:
Atypical
hard,
somewhat
grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), lighter surface ca. 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Inclusions: (self-slip;
few
coarse
to very
medium
Some
and
large
dull
few
white;
sparkling.
context
8
of
late
ca.
of
Context
(P 5644) E 14:3, in tunnel P.H.
to end
1st century). of 1st century
Imported.
of
foot
of
5.5,
gray; not Attic.
Probably Context
some
mica of
XII,
ca.
me
fabric:
Nonstandard
a few
with
320-220,
frag
2nd-century
to rim
2, PL 2
Fig.
p.
no.
174.
of foot
10.6,
under
248,
fill
Diam.
21.3;
fabric:
Atypical
low (10YR 6/6).
of body
of
23.2,
some
rim
yel
large dull yellowish
translucent
white,
brownish
smooth,
soft,
Inclusions:
medium
white,
and
gray,
red;
few
sparkling. Imported. Context
ca.
of
Hellenistic
some
with
115-50,
140-115
Jug,
3rd-century
13
(P 6939)
i: Tie-on
Form
Rim
173,
pl.
9.
of foot
Most
small
and
parts
of body
rim
and
restored.
Two thick strap handles. Broad red gloss band just above greatest diameter; red gloss irregularly applied to rim, of
interior
medium
Inclusions:
many dull white
red
and
sparkling. Cf. MedeonV,
down
dripping
no.
p. 41,
and dull pink and medium
59 A.
1, figs.
(7.5YR 6/6). some
white, black;
46,
47,
on
and
neck,
fabric: soft reddish yellow
handles. Atypical coarse
and
rim,
very fine
many
grave
dated there to the end of the 4th century; Meligunis-Lipdra II, p. 10, pl. CXXXIV:4 (4th century). Probably not Attic. of ca.
Context
325-275,
small
with
of
disturbance
AgoraXIl,
no.
2, PL 2
pl.
16.3;
Over
Diam.
half
of
of wall
foot and
9.6,
of body
lower
parts
20.6, of handles
of
rim
(P904) Thompson under
of
ca.
325-220
2, PL 2 Fig. no. B 33, fig. 21; Agora XII, 1934, p. 341, no.
174.
foot
9.5,
of
18.5,
rim
from
contemporary
in
deposits
this
11.7.
fabric:
IV).
14
ca.
of
325-275
(P 11245) B 13:7, bottom
fill
H.
of
rim
Diam.
30.0;
3, PL 3
Fig. foot
10.1,
of body
rest.
20.0;
half
rim
of
and
part
buff fabric 2: very soft, fine,
15
Diam.
10.7. of
neck
restored.
reddish yellow
Pinkish
(5YR 6/6).
inclusions. sparkling of ca. 300-200
8.3.
restored.
Three dull brown gloss stripes on shoulder; gloss on top of rim and in stripes just inside rim. Hellenistic water-jug fabric 2. Context
of
(Miller 1974, p. 236, no. 46, pi. 33 [F 16:8]); (D 16:1, lower fill); perhaps P 29300 Q 5:1,
P 28081 P 19366
fine Many Context
9.
174,
E 3:1, upper fill H.
sparkling. Others
Over
Fig. 248,
of body
Diam.
30.0;
foot chipped. Possibly About half of rim missing, some wear on handle. Very slight ridge below rim, barely reflected to interior. Lower half of body wheel-trimmed. Pinkish buff fabric 2: very soft, fairly smooth, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few dark red; many fine
of
(P 7698) p.
H.
late
3rd to early 2nd century
3, PL 3
Fig.
Context a
from
buff fabric
(P 17518) B 20:7, lower fill (POU)
2, PL 2
Fig. no.
248,
p.
H. to rim 20.2; Diam. of foot 10.9, of body 20.5, of rim
248,
chipped.
stripe on lip
flecks. ca.
B 21:24, construction H.
Intact.
10.4.
p.
foot
restored;
interior.
(P 16624)
7.9.
body
Jug
AgoraXIl, D-E 8-9:1
11
it on
below
Context
Pinkish
10
wall
Disk Foot
Mushroom
on
and
9.1.
material
9
rim
sparkling.
of
largely
of
19.4,
body
ments
2, PL 1
rim and foot chipped. Mouth missing; to form trefoil. Loop handle attached to rim pinched hard, grainy, spout. Atypical fabric: medium opposite reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 7/6). Inclusions: many fine to medium dull white, few medium red and fine tomedium some
three
12
Handle
translucent
rim
of
pieces
Agora
Fig. leading to E 14:1
Diam.
16.5;
to
2nd
150
and
and
Fabric similar to that of 351 and 352, found not far distant. Cf. Komvou and Ralli 1997, p. 242, pl. 158:p (Myt ilene,
of
9.7,
dium hard, slightly grainy, mottled very pale brown to light red (10YR 7/4 to 2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few me dium white and coarse red and gray; many fine sparkling
voids.
small
very
of foot
Five dull brown gloss stripes on belly; one
in one
made
chipped. Probably wheel-trimmed.
Diam.
19.5;
8.9. Small
of
foot
body
2, PL 1
Fig.
(P 3793) E 15:7, lower fill (POU) H. 30.4; Diam. of foot
3, PL 3
Fig. 10.5, of body
20.2,
of rim
11.3.
Intact. Thick deposit of resin all over interior. Pinkish buff fabric 2: fairly soft, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Inclusions: irregular, Context
few
translucent;
elongated of ca.
voids. 325-200
many
fine
sparkling.
Some
247
JUGS 16 (P 18769) M2L1 H.
of
Diam.
34.2;
3, PL 3
Fig. foot
of
10.2,
rim
of
20.0,
body
Intact
half of body restored.
About on neck.
Pinkish
buff
smoother
and
than
23
fabric of 15: hard, fine, smooth, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: few very fine white; very fine sparkling. Possibly Context
ca.
H.
Diam.
9.8;
of
foot
of body
4.0,
24 rim
of
7.2,
Inclusions:
few many
orange;
4.2.
Hellenistic
with
resin;
fabric
Diam.
pieces iron
ca.
Fig.
n.
rim
Diam.
Pink
of body
rest.
Diam.
of
11.0.
Hellenistic of
Context
fabric
water-jug
ca.
325-260,
(P 1825) 1934,
Thompson
no.
325,
p.
H.
28.3;
Diam.
of
foot
Over half of mouth Surface
of
4, PL 4
ca.
of
rim
waterjug a few later
with
9.2.
ridged.
(P 7775) E 3:1, lower fill H.
of
rim
31.6;
Diam.
fabric
2.
of foot
restored.
lenistic
rest.
21.8;
Diam.
of
waterjug
large
parts
of neck
and on
Slight wheel-ridging 1. fabric
body, lower
and body.
part Hel
a contemporary deposit: P 911 (Thompson 1934, p. 342, no. B 39, fig. 23 [H 16:3, drawshaft]). of
ca.
325-250
(P 13458) O 20:3, II (POU) H.
27.7;
Diam.
of
4, Pl. 4
Fig. foot
8.5,
of
body
16.4,
Fig.
5, PL 5
of
foot
of
10.1,
ca.
of
18.8,
body
rim
Pink temper
190-160
Diam.
coated
of
5, PL 5
Fig. of
of
with
ca.
foot
of
9.3, rim
and
resin.
of
17.0,
body
of
parts
Pink
temper
rim
11.5.
body missing. fabric 1, self
210-160
Diam.
of
rim
8.9.
of
foot
of body
12.0,
22.9;
Context
and over half of mouth missing; Pink
temper
fabric
of
ca.
1, fugitive
Diam.
surface pink
self
(A 16:4, lower fill).
190-160
fabrics 6, PL 5
(P 27976) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 236, no. 47, pi. 33. F16:8 H.
est.
14.7.
weathered.
Other
5, PL 5
Fig.
slip (7.5YR8/4). Similar but smaller: P 25799
29 22
Pink
260-200
one-fourth
39.5;
rim
very
From
Context
ca.
Foot chipped
of mouth,
part
1.
(P 21318) Q 12:1, first POU
11.0.
Most
of
30.1;
Interior
4, PL 4
of body
11.0,
of body 21.5. of body restored.
9.7,
large
(P 25438) O 16:3, POU
H. foot
foot
pieces
Fig. of
of and
Diam.
30.1;
5, PL 5
Fig.
rim
slip. Context
28 21
of
About 16.8,
rim
fabric
(P 21319) Q 12:1, first POU
H.
Sides of handle
Hellenistic 325-260,
54.
of body
8.0,
of
20.0,
body
Chip of lip and pieces of body missing. fabric 3, white slip on exterior (2.5Y8/2).
(Group A)
missing.
wet-smoothed.
Context
A
of
10.0,
pieces
Fig.
G 13:4, lower fill (POU)
4, PL 4
11.6.
27 20
water-jug
250-225
Diam.
37.0;
Context
later
foot
(P 397) H 6:4, POU
1.
a few
with
of
ca.
of
temper
H.
20.1;
Over half of rim and large parts of neck and body restored.
26
(Group A)
9.3,
9.5.
300-200
Diam.
fabric temper Context of
of foot
rim
of
16.6,
body
About half of neck restored; small hole broken in side at about half-height. Hellenistic waterjug fabric 1. In similar fabric from contemporary deposit: P 394 P and 395 (Shear 1933, p. 453, fig. 2) (H 6:4, POU).
6.
33.3;
ca.
of
33.9;
H.
325-275
G 13:4, lower fill (POU) H.
of
8.9,
(P 13457) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 455, pi. 201:1. O 20:3, II (POU) H.
25
foot
4, Pl. 4 (P 2873, AS 779) Fig. 1934, p. 325, no. A 53, fig. 8; Agora XII, Thompson 205,
foot
1.
Most of
of
a third of mouth missing. Hellenistic
Context
4,P1.4
6.5, of body 11.6, of rim 7.4. of wall Interior and rim coated missing. on wall. Hellenistic encrustation waterjug of
4, PL 4
Fig.
10.5.
1.
Context
19
red,
fabric
water-jug
15.8;
Small
dark
white,
gray,
(P 17519) B 20:7, lower fill (POU)
H.
p.
translucent
sparkling.
of ca. 290-270
Context
18
small
brown
waterjug
3, PL 3
Small hole near bottom of wall. Pinkish buff fabric 2: medium hard, slightly gritty, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). and
of
Trace
Hellenistic
fill
Diam.
25.9;
fabric
250-170
(P 18580) Fig. Young 1951b, p. 123, no. 7:13, pl. 52:a. B19:6 H.
shoulder.
handle.
250-225
(P 10449) B 13:7, bottom
Context
17
ca.
of
About
wet-smoothed. of
near
Irregular wheel-ridging
1, harder
fabric
in
hole
neck
1.
Context
11.4.
for
except at base of
gloss fabric
15.9;
Diam.
of
foot
6.7,
of
body
12.7.
248
CATALOGUE
Two-thirds of neck and mouth missing. Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/8). In clusions:
fine
many
translucent
few
gray,
to coarse
fine
Foot chipped; hole in shoulder to right of handle and another in lower body. Pink temper fabric 1, pale slip (ca. 10YR7/4).
some sparking. Many small voids and possible
dull white;
of
impression
and Closely similar in shape: Vanderpool, McCredie, Steinberg 1962, p. 38, no. 40, pi. 21 (Koroni); Kaposhina 1959, p. 140, fig. 46:3 (Bosporos). Context
ca.
of
Context
150-86
shell.
ca.
of
Other 35
fabrics
(P 17082) B 20:7, lower fill (POU) H.
325-275
Diam.
27.0;
of
foot
(P 10439) B 13:7, bottom H.
Diam.
27.3;
Foot, around
of
and
rim, handle
foot
of
16.5,
body
attachments.
rim
of
Splashes fabric: Atypical
9.7.
lower
hard,
very
fine
A
sparkling.
few
on
and
hole Dull,
of
outside
handle
upper
thin wash
(ca. 7.5YR 6/4), probably wet-smoothed.
extremely voids.
lar, elongated
of
8.5,
chipped.
some
Inclusions:
for small except handle attachment.
interior
handle
fine, light brown
6, PL 5
Fig. fill
rim,
fabric:
yellow
(5YR 6/6),
hard,
very
16.9, of rim 10.8. body in side, of below level all over dark gray gloss on handle, traces around in
and
attachment,
Atypical
of
8.1,
Intact
30
7, PL 7
Fig.
on
marks
finger
fine,
very
foot.
reddish
smooth,
surface smoothed? Very fine sparkling
inclusions.
irregu
Fabric
similar
Context
of
to that
ca.
of
30,
non-Attic.
apparently
325-275
Fabric similar to that of 35. Probably not Attic. Context
31
of
ca.
36
300-200
(P 13459) O 20:3, II (POU) H.
Diam.
16.5;
H.
of
foot
of body
6.9,
of
11.5,
rim
some
coarse
angular not
Perhaps Context
of
Ring Foot Pink temper 32
and few coarse very fine dark red; few sparkling. Attic.
ca.
few
white,
of
foot
of
10.9,
22.4;
body
13.0.
Foot
most
chipped;
Surface
of
flaked
largely
rim
Thumb mark
at lower handle
fabric
slip
1, light
or
and
of neck
part
Interior
away.
missing. resin. with
coated
attachment.
self-slip.
of
ca.
of
H. rim
Diam.
22.4;
6, PL 6
Fig. of foot
8.1,
of body
13.6;
rest.
Diam.
of
9.8. of neck,
of
Parts
body, much Pink temper
restored.
fabric
and 1, very
over
half brown
pale
of mouth self-slip
(10YR7/3). Similar
in size
deposit: P 20449 Context
34
and
fabric
H.
37.9;
ca.
of before
Diam.
from
a
of
contemporary
of body of ancient
11.7,
6, PL 6 of
body
21.8,
of
7,P1.7
Fig. foot
and
rest.
9.2;
Diam.
of
rim
of part shoulder.
neck, on
mend
barely Context
38
of
some visible; ca. 250-210
body
18.8;
restored.
Pinkish
buff
Two fabric
sparkling.
7, PL 7 p. 43, no. F 198, pl. 20;
(P 24935) Fig. Lang 1974, fig. 60; AgoraXXl,
LGPN2,
p.
no.
s.v. "Epyunnoq,
158,
22.
O 16:3, POU rest.
46.8; Diam.
Half
rest. of
Diam.
rim
of
and mouth,
Heavy
vertical
missing.
foot
13.3;
of body
Diam.
26.7;
15.2.
of foot
part gouges
of neck on
handle
restored;
belly.
Slight
wheel
hard, ridging on neck. Pinkish buff fabric 3: medium fine, smooth, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) with paler surface (ca. 10YR 7/3). Inclusions: few pink rock; few fine
on
Dipinto
sparkling.
reports Lang Since liters. 10.20
Fig.
perhaps
of and
shoulder
owner
gives
and
XB KIA: 'Ep\iinnov x(6eq) p' K(6x\)AXxt)
ux\
160
foot
of
capacity: EPMinnOY
(D 17:4, lower fill).
(P 5703) F 13:3, upper fill (POU)
13.8.
and
half
local
11.0.
sions,
190-160
(P 22469) Q-R 10-11:3
rim
(but
over
and
neck,
1:medium hard, smooth and fine, reddish brown (5YR traces of pale surface (7.5YR 6/4). Very fine inclu
H.
33
Diam.
33.5;
17.2;
body
5/4),
Pink temper
Closely similar, from first POU of same well: P 21321. Also similar in shape and fabric, but with disk foot: P 25799 (A 16:4, lower fill). Context
H. Diam.
of
small voids. Many a few later with pieces
sparkling. 325-260,
(P 16281) N 21:4, lower fill
clamps
Diam.
ca.
of
Diam.
10.2;
hard, fairly smooth, heavy, reddish Inclusions: some fine white, few very
some
white;
Much est.
foot
of body and parts Nonstandard fabric
Context
37
of
10.7.
of foot,
missing.
coarse
6, PL 6
Diam.
rim
slightly overtired): yellow (5YR 6/6).
fabric
Diam.
35.5;
rim
of
very
of
Half rim
250-225
(P 21187) Fig. Rotroff 2004, pp. 455-456, pi. 201:2. Q 12:1, second POU H.
est.
26.0;
est. Diam.
7.2.
Part of neck and nearly half of mouth missing. Atypi cal fabric: very soft, grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6). Inclusions:
Fig. 1934, p. 325, no. A 55. Thompson G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A)
6, PL 5
Fig.
7, PL 7
(P 2883)
rim
the
capacity, some space
to
measured would
have
the
to be
as lip, left for
this tallies fairly well with the capacity of stoppering, 2 choes and 11 kotylai (9.555 1) reported by the di pinto. Context
of
ca.
210-160
249
JUGS 39
(P 31804) 9-10:1,
Q H.
of
rim
Most of
of
42.
pi.
44
8.5; Diam.
of foot
of
lower
of
arch
some
Inclusions:
of
part
body,
handle
over
neck, of
parts
missing;
half
shoulder
small
sparkling.
voids. from
Probably Context ca.
some
to
fine
few
fine
brown/red, angular and medium translucent;
white
Many
H.
of deposit. later intrusion
later
component with 350-290,
ca.
of
black
sparkling.
medium
and
12.3.
hard,
reddish
grainy,
yellow
Many not
some
red,
to medium
fine
fine no
white;
voids.
1994, p. 61, no. 20, fig. 14, left (Delos).
Cf. Hatzidakis Probably Context
rim
of
19.1,
traces of lighter slip. Inclusions: many
(5YR 6/6), to coarse
of body
8.6,
Attic. ca.
of
with
225-165,
Late
Hellenistic
intru
sions of before
7, PL 7
(P 3404) Fig. 1934, p. 417, no. E 127, fig. 100. Thompson F15:2 (Group E) H.
rest.
37.4;
of
Diam.
of
Diam.
rim
foot
Diam.
10.5;
Long-Necked
45
XII,
of body
24.4;
14.2.
H.
Heavy
P.H.
Diam.
17.5;
Neck, served.
rim
of most
handle,
of
Neck
made
12.1.
Parts
of
many translucent
Another
fragment
larger and with west
18-20:1,
few
white;
of
Context
44.7;
brown,
at
lower
a more
pre handle
fabric:
some
ric
of
parts probably
body made
46
P 16160
(K-L
Attic.
175-150,
small
8, PL 8 of
body
area
of
Pink
separately. with
of
25.9,
rim
rim
Context
of dull
brown
temper
fab
a few
earlier-2nd-century
gloss.
Pink
temper
ca.
150-86
and
white
Many
sparkling.
fabric
from
same
the
a much
from
context:
later
1997,
p.
no.
238,
Vordos, 152:5
4, pl.
325-260
9,P1.9
Fig. 204,
n.
4.
Diam.
of
foot
Most
of upper
neck
rim
and
rest.
20.3;
body
Diam.
Inclusions: 7/4). to coarse dark
fine
sparkling. Context of
47
(P 5807) E 14:1, lower fill 17.7;
few red,
Nonstandard
very fine and pink
to coarse rock;
white,
many
9, Pl. 9
Fig. of
very
voids.
Irregular ca. 250-225
Diam.
restored.
light red to pink (2.5YR 6/6
fabric: soft, smooth, mottled
H.
of
10.2,
12.1.
foot
of
6.4,
of
11.8,
body
rim
6.7.
trimming ric: hard,
fab
ca.
p.
33.0;
rim
7/6),
much missing; on lower body. fine,
fairly
light red core
of
surface
flaked handle.
Strap
reddish
smooth,
(2.5YR 6/6).
Crude
away.
fab
Atypical (ca.
yellow
Some
sparkling
5YR
inclu
sions. Somewhat
similar:
and
Drougou
Touratsoglou
1980,
pp. 101, 156-157, no. n 2180, fig. 42, pl. 66 (Veroia, end of 3rd century). Probably not Attic. Context nistic
of
restored.
O 20:3, II (POU) H.
restored.
8, PL 8 (P 5707) Fig. F 13:3, upper fill (POU) H. 38.5; Diam. of body 22.9, of foot 11.7. Part of body and much of mouth missing. Neck made Traces
and
Hatzidaniel
of
AgoraXIl,
to 7.5YR
pieces
separately. ric 1.
and
Handle of ca.
dull
some
red;
shape
but
Similar,
medium
1. Context
of rim
coarse
very
dark
(P 13431)
me
slightly
deposit,
not
12.7,
and
to
fine
same
of
(G 15:4).
14.5. Large Neck
and most
of neck,
coarse
to very
Tsardaka,
of
flaring neck:
foot
of
voids.
to coarse
Fig. of
rest. Diam.
17.6;
fabric: soft, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6).
Inclusions: medium
Inclusions:
medium
sparkling. a from 3rd-century
branch). Apparently ca. 250-210
Diam.
shoulder
(7.5YR 7/4). some
(P 13712) G 5:3, lower fill H.
of
Atypical
separately.
reddish
much
body,
Nonstandard
Context
dium hard, slightly grainy, pink medium
of body
9.5,
(Mytilene, Late Hellenistic).
rim, and part on interior
indentation
Finger
attachment.
8, PL 8
Fig.
of foot
context: P 11291. Same shape as P 16386 (Agora XII, p. 350, no. 1622, pl. 73, dating in 4th century). Also gener in detail is P 258 ally similar, but with several differences
Rim,
Handle
Large 41 (P 5530) N10:2
4.
10.6.
Another 2: Thickened
Form
p.
Diam.
27.0;
rim
Pinkish
Jug,
9, PL 9
Fig. n.
204,
B 13:8, lower fill (POU)
of foot,
Hellenistic
Jugs
(P 11292) Agora
of wall, and about half of rim large parts 1: fairly hard, red buff fabric smooth, \2.5YR 5/6), traces of Inclusions: fine surface. many pale to coarse white; gray, few fine many sparkling. of ca. 150-110 Context Most
restored.
43
foot
of body and chips of rim missing.
150
rest.
42
of
fabric:
Nonstandard
8,P1. 8
Fig.
one-third
Other 40
Diam.
28.0;
About and
foot
(P 17037) B 20:2, lower fill
est.
18.8;
body
restored. Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, slightly grainy, red dish yellow (ca. 5YR 6/6), lighter surface (7.5YR 7/6). medium
Small
9.6.
and
rim,
147,
chamber
est. Diam.
24.3;
Diam.
7, PL 7
Fig. no.
187,
p. south
AgoraXXVll,
of
disturbance
ca.
325-200,
with
substantial
Late
Helle
CATALOGUE
250 48
(P 21314) Q 12:1, first POU H.
rim
of foot
Diam.
19.2;
9, PL 9
Fig. of
7.7,
rest.
16.2;
body
of
Diam.
to
wheel-trimmed
6/6). Not
Inclusions:
smooth,
reddish
ca.
yellow
pieces
9, PL 9
of
foot
of
8.4,
of
18.0,
body
rim
rest.
foot
of
of body
29.0,
to 1st century). 115-86
Not
Attic.
(P 33782) D 17:11, upper fill P.H.
est.
27.7;
(a)
Fig. Diam.
of body
of
Diam.
25.0;
rim
large
sparkling,
ribbing
golden from western
was
commonly
part
Minor, to the necks
applied
context
Hellenistic
3: High-Swung
Form
Jug,
Handle
Flat Bottom (P 2874)
Fig. 1934, p. 325, no. A 52, fig. 8. Thompson G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A) H.
to rim
20.3;
Diam.
of base
7.4,
of body
10, PL 10
14.7,
of
Large
Hellenistic
black
Context
part
body
waterjug
and
one-third
fabric 1.
of
of body
8.5,
rim
of
14.2,
ca.
at center
sinking
22.4;
of underside
fabric 1.
waterjug (O 20:2).
210-160
Fig. 10, PL 10 of base
Diam.
of
8.0,
rim
of
16.5,
body
to medium very fine fine and red; many with of ca. 325-200,
some
white,
sparkling. substantial
to
very
fine
Late
Helle
disturbance
10, PL 10 (P 19517) Fig. H13:l H. to rim 25.2; Diam. of foot 12.5, of body 22.2, of rim
17.5.
rim
Lower
bottom.
rim
of rim restored;
preserved.
body
crudely
hole
and
wheel-trimmed
in
dented
before firing. Pink temper fabric 1, light surface. of
Context
57
ca.
200-165
(P 14198) Fig. 10 lower fill (POU) O20:l, H.
Diam.
to
rim
24.2;
of
rim
16.4.
Diam.
of
foot
11.0,
body
20.1;
rest.
Half of foot and most of upper body and rim restored. fabric:
Nonstandard
fairly
soft,
fairly
smooth,
very
pale
(ca. 10YR 7/4). Inclusions: many large pink rock, dull white; few fine sparkling. large Fabric similar to Pink temper fabric and probably Attic. Context of ca. 300-190
brown
Ring Foot 58 (P 14176) O 20:3,1 or II (POU) H. to rim 27.2; Diam. rim
10, Pl. 10
Fig. of base
12.5, of body 22.5, of
16.0. Most
10.6. of
of
some
nistic
of Asia
of jugs (e.g., AvPlX, pp. 104-105, pi. 49:3 and 5, from a [3rd-century?] cistern; Larisa III, p. 160, fig. 67:a). Augustan
circular
Slight
to rim
sions:
mica.
of
possibly
Imported, where vertical
of base
Diam.
Part of body and one-third of
three-fourths
neck and rim, with handle, preserved (a), along with sections of wall. Hard light red gloss three nonjoining (2.5YR 6/8) on outside. Atypical fabric: fairly hard, Inclusions: many friable, reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4). flecks
10, PL 10
(P 6328) E 14:1, lower fill
coarse
(d) 4.3.
and
shoulder
of
one-fourth
About
250-225
Fragments of wall missing. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, fairly smooth, heavy, reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 7/6). Inclu
9, PL 9
(b) 14.4, (c) 6.3,
Hellenistic
restored.
11.5.
56
13.8; max. p. dim.
rim
and
Disk Foot
ca.
of
body
Fig.
19.6;
discard.
H.
mid-2nd
ca.
of
Context
16.0.
Context
of
Handle and small pieces of body missing. Bottom cracked (possibly in drying or firing), perhaps a produc
55 Diam.
rim
of
15.9,
body
10.7.
9, PL 9
15.9;
of
8.3,
(impression of bat). Hellenistic Similar but larger: P 14195
Over half of foot and parts of body, neck, rim, and handle restored. Atypical fabric: fairly hard, smooth, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4). Inclusions: some fine dark, few fine to medium white; some sparkling. Large X incised on wall below and to right of handle. Of somewhat different shape but with ribbed neck: Komvou and Ralli 1997, p. 242, pis. 158:8, 159:p (Myt ilene,
of base
fabric 1.
to rim
H.
100-50
Diam.
Diam.
(P 25435) O 16:3, POU
tion ca.
of
42.5;
rim
54
9.5.
Attic.
10, PL 10
Fig.
20.1;
parts
Context
(P 14448) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pi. 197:1. M 20:1, middle fill H.
to rim
Small
Fig.
Diam.
Context
52
later
11.3.
dark.
of body and neck and part of handle restored. fabric: hard, smooth, fine, reddish yellow (7.5YR Atypical 6/6). Inclusions: few fine round red. Not
(P 14175) H.
(5YR
Much
51
a few
with
325-260,
O 20:3, II (POU)
190-160
(P4361) M23:l
of
ca.
of
waterjug of
24.6;
53
Atypical
Attic.
Context
H.
fine,
fine
many
shoulder.
angular
slightly
fabric: fairly hard,
50
Context
9.0.
Parts of body and neck and most of mouth restored. traces of resin inside. Rounded lower body Possible
49
Similar and in same fabric: P 1115 (Thompson 1934, p. 337, no. B 12, fig. 17, [H 16:3, south chamber]).
of
bottom,
upper
wall,
and
rim
restored.
Pink temper fabric 1, pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Context
of
ca.
310-225
Fine
251
JUGS 59
10, PL 10 (P 396) Fig. H 6:4, POU H. to rim 22.5; Diam. of foot 7.5, of body 17.3, of rim
10.5.
Hellenistic
ca.
of
Hellenistic
and
body
half
about
of
rim
Form
66
Round-Mouth
4:
Jug Flat Bottom
to rim
to rim
of base
of
7.3,
of
14.4,
body
rim
ca.
of
or
290-250
Lower
67
11, PL 11
to rim
Diam.
15.1;
of base
to rim
Pieces of body
6.7,
rim
of
15.6,
wheel-trimmed.
Irregular
Hellenistic
waterjug a few with
ca.
of
body. Lower
restored.
partly
320-220,
fabric
body
2.
2nd-century
frag
ments
as
to rim
14.3;
Diam.
of base
of wall
15.4,
body
rim
of
fired),
fragment
missing.
gritty, reddish brown
surface. coarse
wall
Inclusions:
gray,
(over
traces of light
(5YR 5/3),
fine
many
Very
hard
to very
few medium
of ca. 325-275
rim half
greatest
7/4). small
H.
to rim
17.3;
69
Diam.
of
foot
of handle
and
rim
Another
from
Context
of
ca.
same
8.7,
restored.
context:
of body
16.0,
Hellenistic
of
rim
to rim
17.9;
gray (2.5Y 7-8/2) on the other. P
on
of foot
partly
restored, fabric
waterjug
From
P6329 Context
approximately
with
ca.
260-200
Lower
missing.
wheel
body
225-150?
12, Pl. 11 Fig. inside, one of them identifi
coins found Zeus
(__-536).
Diam.
of
of rim missing. diameter.
foot
of
9.4,
est.
17.4;
body from
Wheel-trimmed Shoulder
some
lightly
to
foot
wheel-ridged.
translucent
few white smoky, Small voids, sparkling.
fine
many
ring-footed
in that
from
jug
an
earlier
east branch)
18-20:1,
and some
context
is possibly
deposit.
of ca. 225-175
70
17.5,
body
fragment
contemporary
of body and rim restored. Lower body crudely fabric 2.
of
rim
missing.
Hel
rim
17.3, of rim
P 5785,
ca.
17.9;
Diam.
Irregular body, wheel-trimmed.
190-160
12, Pl. 11
Fig. of
foot
9.4,
of
body
15.8;
est. Diam.
of
7.8.
Half of rim missing. Flat resting surface of varying width. Pink temper fabric 1, white slip (ca. 2.5Y8/2). Of
context:
of
(P 24803) O 16:3, dump H.
of
9.8, of body
dented.
temper Context
11, PL 11
8.8,
12, Pl. 11
Fig.
a third
About
Pink
16282.
1.
(E 14:1, lower fill). of
one
rim
10.0.
only
somewhat
9.9. Body lenistic
rim
(P 21323) Q 12:1, first POU H. 19.2; Diam. of foot
250-210
Diam.
of
17.8,
body
9.4.
waterjug
(P392) Fig. Shear 1933, p. 453, fig. 2. H 6:4, POU H.
of
10.0,
11, PL 11
Fig.
fabric 1,mottled from white/light one side to light red (2.5YR 6/6)
64
ca.
rock;
pink
elongated. The
10.0. Part
and
Inclusions:
intrusive
(P 16283) N 21:4, lower fill
of foot
Pink temper fabric? Fairly hard, slightly grainy, pink (5YR
Context 63
11, PL 11
Fig.
(P 16622 from K-L
white.
Context
of
of
Over
8.9. small
Diam.
above
of
7.8,
fabric
temper
250-170
Fulminating to rim 18.7;
H.
(P 28044) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 236, no. 49, pi. 33. F16:8
of rim
slip (10YR 7/3).
17.5; Diam.
Ring Foot 68 (P 28463) P 21:4. Three able
11, PL 11
Pink
trimmed. Pink temper fabric 1, pink slip (ca. 5YR 8/4).
Disk Foot
One
rim
of
17.8,
of body, and one-fourth
wheel-trimmed.
body ca.
of
Context
H.
of body
9.7,
9.9.
9.1.
62
Hellenistic
restored.
11, PL 11
of foot
(P 19904) D 17:5, lower fill H.
Context
Diam.
1, very pale brown
later
(P766) Fig. H 16:3 (Group B), north chamber
Body
of body
Fig.
18.4;
Context
About half of wall restored. Obvious wheel-trimming in lowest 3.5 cm. Hellenistic waterjug fabric 1.
H.
Diam.
225-190
of foot, much
Half restored.
Diam.
15.2;
11, PL 11
Fig.
9.7.
61
of rim
one-third
(P 18768) M2L1 H.
rest.
8.6;
8.7.
(P4415) F 12:3, upper fill
Context
foot
1. ca.
of
of
9.6.
and
body fabric
water-jug Context
Diam.
rim
of
of
11, Pl. 11
Fig.
18.6;
Diam.
Most
260-200
Jug,
to rim
H.
restored.
fabric 1.
waterjug
Context
H.
(P 11687) N18:3
16.7; of
parts
Large
60
65
similar
fabric
and
in
approximately
contemporary
deposits: P 8032 (E 6:1, lower fill); P 14309 (N 20:7, lower fill). Context
of
ca.
210-160
252 71
(P 16396) F 19:3, lower fill H.
19.1;
Diam.
12, PL 12
Fig.
of
foot
of
8.9,
CATALOGUE
of
15.3,
body
rim
7.5.
Foot chipped, parts of wall restored. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, slightly grainy, red (2.5YR 5/8), lighter surface (ca. 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Inclusions: some fine translucent Few
gray,
to medium
few fine
few
white;
sparkling.
With
similarly small mouth: P 3841 (M 23:1); P 13306 (Thompson 1940, p. 120, fig. 90:c [H 12:1]). ca.
of
a few
with
115-86,
Roman
Early
(P3405)
H.
19.4;
Diam.
of
Diam.
rim
Handle
of
foot
Diam.
of
of
of middle
body fabric:
Nonstandard
black
and
(over
a small
context,
and is probably earlier 1934, p. 417, no. E 129).
Context
of
ca.
frag
of
dented.
H.
H.
Diam.
22.8; of
Much
12, PL 12
Fig. of
of body WTieel-trimmed
foot
body
rim
of
16.4,
7.8,
restored.
7.5.
to about
height. Pinkish buff fabric 3: hard, smooth, red (2.5YR 5/6), lighter slip (10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Inclusions: fine
many
black
and
few
red,
to coarse
fine
dull
white,
of
ca.
50
H.
handle.
and
of
foot
brown
medium
fabric:
some
gray,
fine
Epidauros,
39:a,
Cf. not
from
75
Megara, from
p. 145, fig. 25, also narrow-necked
dark
of
tomb
in a a
dull
smooth,
17.5;
red
and few
opposite
in wide band. No trefoil in form (impressions of on
marks
Pink
inside.
temper
few
black,
fine of
large
ca.
of
rock
pink
Many sparkling. were two more
and
trans
large
voids. found
in
the
upper
(AgoraV, no. F 88, p. 19, pl. 4);
125-86
of
ca.
Diam.
13, PL 12 (P 33330) Fig. Area B 22, lot NN 217, with 827, in layer 4 associated with Fido's Grave (B 22:2) P.H.
Strap light
fine dark some
white;
the
B'l
spar
late
3rd
2nd-century tomb
tomb; Jacopi on Chalchi.
(116-122).
amphoras
or
century
(1988 [1993]), p. 59,
4th-century
Probably
160-130
(P 19283) Area H 13, lot K 264 H.
hand
78
6.7.
Attic. Context
Rim
neck.
9.5.
perhaps
of handle
part Plain
Upper per wall. attachment.
rim.
Band
and
runs
of clay
forming
of rim and up part at upper with rotelle from rotelle rim, along
small
handle
Rope
out
Pink
shouldering.
temper
1.
fabric
of second half of 2nd century
(1982 [1989]), p. 88, pi. 45:a, from in a
early 2nd century; ArchDelt43, 1932,
to four
Three
around
Wheel
bottom).
Context
kling. Cf.ArchDelt37,R'l
pi.
hard,
Inclusions: many
(5YR 6/4).
translucent
Palaia
restored.
fabric? Medium hard, slightly grainy, red towhite (2.5YR Inclusions: many large and small dull 5/6 to 2.5Y8/2).
fill of N 19:1: P 11891 P 20515.
of body 15.9, of rim rim and restored.
8.4,
of wall
parts
Nonstandard
reddish and
rim
grooves
Jugs
Diam.
24.0;
neck.
13, PL 12
Fig.
and
Fragments
(P629) Fig. 12, PL 12 1934, p. 389, no. D 62, fig. 76. Thompson H 16:4 (Group D) Handle
wheel
of
interior
surface.
light
thickened to outside pinching. Lower body made
lucent;
50
restored. no
with
fill
horizontal
Context
Narrow-Necked
74
to a.d.
b.c
of
handle
very few pink rock; some fine sparkling. Voids. Context
handle
19.6.
of wall
on
and
210-160
Diam.
32.0;
debris
half
1, traces
(P 11869) N 19:1, middle Parts
(P9129) DILI
ca.
rim
smooth, perfectly on wheel marks
fabric of
of
part
belly Bottom
temper Context
150-110
18.9.
and
Pink
77
Diam.
Pronounced
drawn
73
rest.
31.5;
marks.
(P 3406:
13, PL 12
(P 25442) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 457, pl. 202:3. O 16:3, POU
Wall
translucent
has a wider mouth
Thompson
76
Most
slightly grainy, mottled pinkish gray to grayish (7.5YR 6/2 to ca. 10YR 5/2). Inclusions: some
to and coarse large white Few voids. few sparkling. gray; The from this other example
possibly
Large
Lower
hard
imported.
Context of late 2nd and early 1st century, Sullan debris
17.2;
body
restored.
medium
ment,
gray
(ca. 7.5YR 6/4).
coarse dull white, few medium very coarse and very little or no red; spar
kling. Of similar shape, but red-gloss: P 21327 (AgoraXXlX, p. 421, no. 1748, fig. 104, pl. 137 [Q 12:1, second POU]).
H.
and much
fired?), brown
translucent
7.8.
wheel-trimmed.
body
rest.
8.5;
some
Askos
pieces
12, PL 12 Fig. no. E 100. 1934, 417, 128, p. Thompson fig. F 15:2 (Group E)
72
Inclusions:
Probably
voids.
Context
fabric: soft, gritty, light brown
Atypical
of
foot
12, PL 12
Fig. of body small holes
7.1,
for three Intact except to form in rim. Mouth pinched
spout
13.1,
of
in body opposite
rim and
4.6.
chips handle.
79
(P 20546) D 17:11, lower fill P.H.
25.0.
Part
of
missing. Thick
rim,
and
body,
handle
rotelle
strap handle, at attachment
deeply of handle
inside.
Nonstandard
fabric:
dish brown
(5YR 6/4).
coarse
white
coarse
translucent
and
very few sparkling. Context of ca.
13, PL 12
Fig.
Many 110-50
concave
to outside.
to rim. Wheel fairly
soft,
lower
dark and
coarse
shallow
body
Rough on marks
grainy,
Inclusions: many medium
medium gray
restored;
light
red
to very
some to medium red, to very coarse brown; voids.
253
JUGS Small 80
Basket-Handled
(P 19473) B 18:12, lower fill (POU) Rest.
H.
Diam.
19.0;
all of rim
Almost
13, Pl. 13
Fig.
85
13.0.
restored.
Clear
to within
marks
wheel
2 or 3 cm of bottom inside. Pinkish buff fabric 3: very soft, powdery, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/8). Inclusions: to coarse
medium
maiiy
translucent
coarse
few
gray,
dull
81
Intact
but
Bottom
irregular
neck.
Pink
intact. inside.
fabric
Wheel
on
marks
inner
one
it had
82
Late
Hellenistic
deposits:
p. dim.
Handle top.
Pierced
wrapped
with
(2.5YR
round
seal badly to
in
section, widening at base. Lower end
of
lead,
with
on
stamp
seal:
seated Dionysos right fabric: very hard, slightly Inclusions: medium many
6/2).
holding
of
rim
handle outside. thyrsos.
handle with
of
Context
ca.
half
125-86
(P 12089) N20:4
Pl.
Rest.
Diam.
H.
Handle,
19.0;
Slight wheel-ridging trimmed. Apparent on inside: completely
13
marks
wheel
wheelmade?
most
of
rim
restored.
of body. Bottom wheel to bottom all the way Nonstandard fabric:
(P 16112) Pl. 13 G 14:2, middle fill (POU?), at 13 m
210-160
14, PL 13
of foot
rest.
10.6,
of
Diam.
body
and
rim,
body,
handle
foot
restored;
traces ca.
of
slip.
light
160-125
fabric
Context
88
and and
handle inside.
Black de missing. not Mouth pinched
in. Pinkish buff fabric 1: fairly soft, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Very fine sparkling inclusions. context
and
deposit),
90. Others
ca.
of
same
the
190-160
(P 21316) Q 12:1, first POU to rim
H.
from
88; P 21322; P 21188; P 21317.
17.9;
14, PL 13
Fig.
Diam.
of foot
9.7,
of
19.9,
body
of
rim
14.4.
fragment of
light of
of rim missing.
Pink temper fabric 1,
slip. ca. 190-160
89 Q
(P 21189) 12:1, second POU
H.
to rim
14, PL 13
Fig.
18.8; Diam.
of foot
of
10.5,
18.5,
body
of
rim
12.9. Rim
and
foot
fabric 3, white 8/2). Context
of
otherwise
chipped;
ca.
to rim
22.8;
Pink
temper
into fabric
(10YR
190-160
(P 20447) D 17:4, lower fill (POU) H.
intact.
surface penetrating
Diam.
of
14, PL 14
Fig. foot
9.7,
of
body
19.0,
of
rim
12.7.
5.5.
half of Bottom, body, on posit part of outside
2nd-century
of
same
the
(from
deposit:
90
Miniature
7.6; Diam.
in same fabric: P 29216
13.4.
of wall, and on exterior
brown some Inclusions: smooth, (10YR 6/3). pale to black and medium translucent very coarse gray, few coarse dull white; very few sparkling. Context of ca. 110-50, two Roman with intrusions
P.H.
temper
Intact. Pink temper fabric 3, pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Fabric and slip very close to that of 89 and P 21315
traces
hard, coarse
84
Pink
(P 21320) 14, PL 13 Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 456, pi. 201:3. Q 12:1, first POU H. to rim 18.2; Diam. of foot 10.7, of body 20.0, of rim
Context
parts
crack.
Pink temper fabric 1,with relatively few inclu
One 83
and
14.0.
Strap Handle Pink temper
red grainy, pale red and black.
the same seal: IL 1032 (Crosby 1949, p. 109, pl. 5:3, center, 4). Same seal: IL 315, IL 701 (AgoraX, nos. LW 17, DM 66, pp. 27-28, 54, pis. 5, 18). Another
rim
12.9.
through a band
Magistrate's Nonstandard
in rim
chips
18.4; Diam.
rim
possible of Context
13
small part of wall preserved;
Handle
of
19.1,
Fig.
sions,
pieces
11.2.
with
corroded.
Pl.
ca.
of
chipped.
87
a few Roman
with
115-86,
(P 20512+ IL 1076) N 19:1, middle fill Max.
at
ca.
of body
10.0,
with round handle
to rim of
Over
from
as well.
of
Context
17.2,
1.
size
P 26040 from the same deposit; P 13111 (S 19:2, lower fill); 82 and P 20515 (N 19:1, upper fill); IL 1032 (Crosby 1949, p. 109, pl. 5:4); and possibly P 33091 (H 16:1). Both 82 and IL 1032 have official lead seals; traces of some thing once attached to the handle of P 20515 indicate that
of foot
(P 3985) Gll:l H.
on
temper of same
Others
for
except
Context
11.5.
Cracked
Diam.
19.0;
Q 5:1, II).
86 Diam.
14, PL 13
Fig.
1.
fabric
Another
context
Ol7:5 21.0;
to rim
H.
(P 26041) PL 13 H.
(P 24934) O 16:3, POU
14.4.
white and pink rock; few fine sparkling. 2nd-century
Waterjug
Round Handle
Fragments white surface Another
missing penetrating from the
from
same
fabric and slip: 87 and 89. Context of ca. 200-150, intrusion
wall. into
Pink fabric
context:
with
temper
fabric
(ca. 2.5Y8/2). P 19931. Similar
small Late Hellenistic
3,
254 91
(P 8025) E 6:1, lower fill H.
to rim
CATALOGUE
14, PL 14
Fig.
Handle
of foot
19.4; Diam.
of
11.0,
18.3,
body
of
rim
(10YR
Intact
for
except ca.
of
Context
rim
from
chips
fabric 1, very pale brown
and
Pink
foot.
temper
slip (ca. 10YR 7/4).
(P5701) F 13:3, upper to rim
H.
ric
Fig.
H.
of foot
foot
missing,
of
10.6,
body
18.1,
Pink
temper
of
ca.
chipped.
18.7;
14, PL 14
of
foot
fabric
temper
of body
8.5,
16.6,
of
12.0.
some
coarse
1.
15, PL 14
(P 14479) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 377, pi. 191:5. M 20:1, lower fill (POU) H.
to rim
of
Diam.
21.0;
foot
of body
9.2,
19.3,
of
of
and
underside,
stored. Pink temper fabric 1, white Other 95
ca.
of
Context
of
parts
body
rim
re
some
to coarse
medium
translucent
gray,
dull white; many fine sparkling. from
and
the
same
P 512.
deposit:
Also
some
(D 19:2, fill I, late 2nd to
similar in shape: P 17024 1st century).
96 (P G 14:2, middle to rim
Fig. 15, PL 14
514) fill (POU?), at 13 m
19.2;
Diam.
of
foot
9.2,
of body
16.6,
of
rim
Intact; surface blackened. Pinkish buff fabric 1:me dium hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), light Inclusions: reddish brown surface (slip?) (ca. 5YR6/3). kling.
very Few
fine
97
to fine
translucent
many
fine
spar
to rim
badly
Resembles
white.
overfired. 1st century
early
15, Pl. 14
rim
of
Diam.
12.0.
Inclusions:
slip. light translucent
gray;
of strongly
few some
to coarse
fine
fine
grooved
sparkling.
(or ridged)
jars.
15, PL 15
100 (P 11872) Fig. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) P.H.
42.5;
One
horizontal
of
half
at
Thumbprint Decoration
zontal swirls
around of
surface
of body 28.6. about handle, top of vertical of wall mouth restored; missing. of vertical attachment handle.
parts lower
in dull
body, handle
foot
14.2,
handle,
and
foot,
lower
of
Diam.
brown
at one-third attachment, horizontal
handles;
horizontal
gloss: height, and handles,
above on
and
on
bands below
shoulder; with gloss on neck,
hori
irregular on upper
swag painted vertical from handle upper Pinkish of mouth. interior
irregular
as
buff fabric 3: very hard, fine, light reddish brown (5YR dull white, few Inclusions: few fine to medium 6/4). pink sions.
rock;
some
of
ca.
fine
110
Voids
sparkling. b.c
to a.d.
with
white
inclu
20
Lagynos
Standard Size Chian
context
(P 17025) D 19:2, fill I (POU) H.
gray;
voids.
2nd-century
probably to 2nd
white
translucent
dull
of Roman is typical of ca. 115-86
that
Context
14.2.
some
late
unevenly though hanging Gloss around attachment.
context
2nd-century
H.
est.
16.0;
body
Hydria
Inclusions:
early
coarse
instance
Context
Intact except for chips in foot; piece of iron and roof tile accreted to side. Pinkish buff fabric 1:medium hard, slightly gritty, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8), traces of light
Similar
very
few
but of
11.0;
handle
11.5.
what
ware
traces of 7/6), fine dull white,
slip (10YR 8/2).
(P 513) Fig. 15, PL 14 G 14:2, middle fill (POU?), at 13 m H. to rim 19.3; Diam. of foot 8.2, of body 17.4, of rim
slip.
of
115-86
fabrics
few medium
9.4,
coarse
to
medium
black,
Earliest center
foot
Handle and half of neck and upper wall. Pinkish buff fabric 1: very hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow (5YR
11.4. Handle,
of
(P 14442) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pl. 197:2. M 20:1, middle fill P.H.
94
Diam.
rim
of late 2nd to early 1st century
Context
18.4;
rim
cooking Context
99 Pink
rim
of
Inclusions:
Fig.
Diam.
to
15, PL 14
Fig.
About half of rim and upper body missing. Light spiral grooving on lower body. Atypical fabric: hard, very gritty, red (2.5YR 5/6), reddish gray on surface (ca. 5YR 5/2).
13.4. Intact.
1st century
early
fab
150-86
(P 15650) D 19:2, fill I (POU) to rim
voids.
to
Diam.
and
H.
1 mm 2nd
orange
some fine
rim
1. of
late
(P 15651) D 19:2, fill I (POU)
14, PL 14
fill (POU)
19.3; Diam.
rim
of
Context
93
to coarse dark purple;
ca.
few of
to coarse
medium
many
fairly
175-125
13.3. Piece
A
sparkling. Context
98 92
Inclusions:
7/3).
hard,
very pale brown slip
(2.5YR 5/4),
(grog?), few medium
13.4.
fabric:
Nonstandard
missing.
smooth, reddish brown
19.4; Diam.
15, PL 14
Fig.
101 (P 6327) E 14:1, lower fill H.
28.5;
Center of foot
10.1,
of body
17.5,
of
rim restored;
of
foot
of underside, mouth
13.4. body
Diam.
Fig.
crudely
and
10.1, part
one
wheel-trimmed.
of body 24.1. and much of wall,
16, Pl. 15
of neck
Lower of wall missing. fragment Medium hard, fairly fine,
255
JUGS light red fabric
fine
few
Inclusions: small
pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4).
(2.5YR 6/6), and
gray
red;
of
of
most
of
on
offset
rim
of
and
(b)
of
(a). Both
sections
partly
at base
but
of neck,
Date:
translucent
to
3rd
otherwise
cc,
second
flows
fine
brown;
No
a context
from
ca. 250:
of before
between
join
quarter
3rd
century.
ca.
of
Context
of
Handle, stored.
of
Diam.
dull some
white;
with
some
coarse
white;
Date:
lower
and
wall,
rim
of
26.0,
body most
Medium
hard,
on
late
P.H.
red
and
voids.
Many 250-210.
ca.
of
104 (P 16284) N 21:4, lower fill H.
Diam.
34.0;
of
parts
Large
foot
to
rim
of
25.8,
body
11.5. restored;
body
and
Patsiada,
pi. 90:oc, from a Rhodian quarter Date:
of
the
3rd
foot
of
fragment
105 (P 11686) N18:3 P.H. H.
and
27.5;
rest. H.
smooth,
Date:
225-190.
31.0;
few some late
small
coarse
sparkling. to 3rd
ca.
of
wet
same
the
trans
and
deposit:
from
the
Agora:
2nd
Context
century.
ca.
of
Diam.
foot
of and
some
fine
few
dark CO
sparkling.
P.H.
rest.
32.0;
of wall
of
Parts
2nd
and
century.
medium
Context
on
incised
light
translucent shoulder,
upper
stroke incised
into
a letter. a few
with
later
fragments
H.
P.H.
neck
Hard,
dark
of
ca.
17, PL 16
Diam.
33.0;
of
foot
of
9.4,
body
lower
body,
and
handle,
all of mouth
restored.
hard, fairly smooth, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), light slip. Inclusions: few fine dark; many sparkling.
24.9.
trace of light slip.
(2.5YR 6/6), white
restored.
medium
Medium
ca.
of
red fabric sions:
few
large For no.
of foot,
rim
restored;
Early
Roman
foot
9.5,
more
of
missing.
(2.5YR 6/6), coarse
brown
pieces
17, PL 16
Fig.
of
part
a few
with
115-86,
Diam.
32.5;
Small
parts
missing.
26.1.
176,
p.
in the first
of body
and
it, a long vertical
part clay, possibly of ca. 260-180, Context
Context
9.8,
body
109 (P 16395) Fig. Edwards 1965, p. 24, fig. 22. F 19:3, lower fill
250-210.
of foot
Diam.
25.5. of
one-third
light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6),
hard, smooth,
Inclusions:
of body
11.6,
about
110 (P 15892) F19:6
dull
early
17
of
10.5-11.0.
light red fabric
Inclusions: brown;
1990,
16
Fig.
of greatest Diam. All of neck and
Philimonos
tomb said to date
century. Context
225-210.
Stamp
4.7.
lower body missing. Fairly hard, fine, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), traces of light slip. Inclusions: few medium to coarse dull white; few sparkling. A few small voids. Cf. Giannikouri,
red
from
handles
early
Fig.
handle,
Medium slip.
16, PL 16
of
10.6,
ca.
Diam.
of greatest
restored. parts.
(N 20:6, lower fill); SS 14028.
3rd
19.0;
Neck,
gray;
Fig.
of
lower
few medium
white,
stamped
after firing; above
H.
and
sparkling. the same stamp
three
108 (P9400) K18:2
smooth,
fairly to coarse
gray, few medium some fine sparkling.
Context
re
shoulder
of
fine
250-225.
all of mouth
and
upper
4.2.
pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4).
(2.5YR 6/6),
Inclusions: dull
of
10.8,
dented.
light red fabric
24.5.
body
(Grace 1956b, p. 166, pl. 73). The name also
SS 10259
Date:
10.0-10.5.
of
part Shoulder
of
10.8,
(some leakage): 3500
250-170. foot
Diam.
foot
of
body,
preserved
to medium
lucent
16
103 (P 16285) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill
Diam.
at handle arch: MOCXICONOC in rectangular panel with curved corners. Medium hard, slightly grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), traces of light slip. Inclusions: some
Another of
most
of foot,
occurs
30.0;
17,PL 16
cc.
3900 Half
(A 17:3).
of greatest
ca.
of
Context
century.
twice with water
SS 1692; SS 10316
H.
upper on neck
groove
Fig. rest.
28.8;
restored.
body
some
gray,
H.
Rest.
Capacity measured
325-250.
H.
2nd early later pieces.
a few
(SS 10260)
fine
sparkling. of another
Fragment
P 25693
coarse
few
fine
late
shoulder,
Slight crack and
except upper stub missing.
inside
and
some
and
shoulder,
Wheel-run
preserved.
handle. Soft, grainy, light red fabric light slip. Inclusions: some fine dull white, red and shiny white; few sparkling.
with
107
sections: foot
one-fourth
smoothly into neck. Medium hard, grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: some fine
Date: 225-175,
in two nonjoining
wall
lower
All of handle
of
part
breaks off under
16, PL 15
11.2, of body
4.6.
upper
attachment
(2.5YR 6/8), few medium
of foot
rim
of
neck,
M21:l
and most
neck,
sub
4.8.
Full profile preserved and
with
disturbance.
Hellenistic
rim
handle
260). ca. 325-200,
17,PL 16
Fig.
Diam.
17.8;
Mouth,
p. 39,
1962,
Steinberg
ca.
102 (P 26878) Fig. Edwards 1965, p. 21, fig. 21. E 3:1, lower fill P.H. (a) 20.6, (b) 15.6; Diam. 25.4,
Many
sparkling.
(P 28203)
F 17:4, lower fill P.H.
and
Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, no. 50, before 21 (Koroni, pi. ca. 275-260. Context Date: Late
106
voids.
irregular
stantial
some
of
25.0. body most and body,
Medium
of upper
smooth,
light
pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 8/4).
Inclu
and
red,
hard,
many
sparking.
Some
voids.
26,
narrow
similarly
figs. Context
20, of
29. ca.
110-40
foot,
cf.
Edwards
1965,
p.
24,
256 111 (P 11329) Fig. Edwards 1965, p. 24, fig. 23. E 14:7, lower fill H. rim
rest.
39.6; 6.1. H.
of
Diam.
of greatest
foot
18, PL 17
9.6; Diam.
Diam.
CATALOGUE
of
of
26.4,
body
rim
and
restored.
at lower
Thumbprint
handle
attachment.
Medium hard, fine, pink fabric (5YR 7/4), very pale brown slip (ca. 10YR 8/3). Inclusions: some to coarse
medium
Similar: P 21765 Context
of
Interior
and
black
2nd
H.
sparkling.
of greatest
of
Tenosl,
ca.
180-150.
4.5.
lower
fine
translucent
missing.
body
coarse
few
gray,
few sparkling. no.
Cc
small
very
Many
a context
from
99,118,
7, pis.
Perhaps imported. ca. 325-200, with
of
Late
substantial
Helle
disturbance
18, PL 17 of body
rim
of
25.9,
4.7.
11.2-12.0.
114 (P8583) E 6:2, lower fill H. 22.8; Diam.
18, PL 17
Fig. of foot
16.8, of rim
7.6, of body
3.9.
Half
of shoulder handle
restored;
and part of foot and
lower body
missing.
Pink temper fabric 2. Context
ca.
of
rim
of
14.9, body rim restored;
few
p. 217,
Context
About half of foot and fragments of wall missing. Dull red gloss on outside of rim and all of inside. Fairly traces of hard, smooth, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), coarse to fine dull Inclusions: few white; many light slip. sparkling. Context
of and
in voids;
Cf.
nistic
11.2,
Diam.
body
Inclusions:
7/3).
content
foot
Diam.
of
dull white
of
Fig.
Diam.
14.5;
Part
voids.
a.d.
century
gloss, high mica
30.8;
red; many
P.H.
18, PL 17
Fig.
Atypical fabric: medium hard, fairly smooth, light red dish brown (5YR 6/4), very pale brown slip (ca. 10YR
(R10:l).
1st and
112 (P9081) N18:3 H.
113 (P5837) E 14:1, lower fill
17.8.
Over half of foot, parts of lower bowl, about half of shoulder,
Small
ca.
of
175-125
225-190
AMPHORAS
below
Join
i: Narrow
Form
Amphora,
Similar lower fill).
Handles
Neck,
Ridge
Context
115 (P 16279) N 21:4, lower fill H.
of
Diam.
31.3;
19, PL 18
Fig.
of
foot
of body
9.0,
rim
of
14.5,
6.2.
About
half of foot and lower body and one-fourth
upper
body
restored.
some
Inclusions: sparkling. Two more
fabric:
Atypical
hard,
(ca. 5YR 6/4),
brown
light reddish
to medium
fine
dull
in
fragments
the
same
de
ca.
of
250-210
2: Narrow
Form
Amphora,
at
Neck,
Handles
Join Curved Shoulder D-E H.
19, PL 18
Fig.
8-9:1 foot
of
11.0,
of
rim
of
20.8,
body
9.4. of
part
wall
upper
118 suggests shoulder. Decoration
on
light
gray
7/2).
Many voids
exterior
to
belongs in dull
preserved. the variety
brown
gloss:
fabric
of
the
with
interior of neck (10YR upper few or no dull white; sparkling.
and
coarse very with white and
inclusions. cf. 3. Fabric
decoration,
smaller
119
and
that are probably
graffiti
like
somewhat same
the
from
120,
commercial
deposit, notations.
Attic.
Not
Context Diam.
30.7;
19, PL 18
ivy garland on shoulder, T7APIOC on lower neck. Atypi cal fabric: medium hard, slightly grainy, pink (5YR 7/4),
that
(P6941)
rim
of and
neck,
a curved
both
116
intru
Hellenistic
Fig.
shoulder
Many For
Ridge
Diam.
19.8;
Convex
Attic.
Not posit. Context
P.H. Mouth,
with uninventoried
Late
with
225-165,
118 (P5805) E 14:1, lower fill
smooth, abundant
white;
ca.
of
(P 10:2,
sions
surface.
lighter
size, and fabric: P 19721
in shape,
of
nistic
disturbance
119
(P5929)
ca.
Late
substantial
with
325-200,
Helle
6.9. One
and
handle
tic waterjug
of ca.
Context
of wall
parts
large
Hellenis
restored.
fabric 1. small
with
325-275,
of
disturbance
late
3rd to early 2nd century 117 (P 17045) B 20:2, lower fill H. of
rim Most
waterjug
rest.
42.4;
Diam.
19, PL 18
Fig.
foot
fabric
and 1.
19
Fig. p.
66,
no.
of
foot
12.8;
Diam.
of body
lower
body
restored.
Hellenistic
26.0,
Hb
3, pl.
37.
E 14:1, lower fill P.H.
10.7.
One
handle
Atypical
and
part
of
shoulder
fabric: soft, grainy, white
to very coarse dull translucent gray. Many
dium
9.7. of
Agora
XXI,
white, voids.
right of handle: Kl~0. Fabric similar to that of same
deposit:
not
Attic.
The
and
neck
(2.5Y8/2).
medium many on Graffito
118 and graffito
preserved.
Some me to coarse shoulder,
120, from
is read
by Lang
to
the as
AMPHORAS
Context nistic
ca.
of
a
either
k' o(\))y(K{ai), indicating ounces. Roman
with
325-200,
or
capacity
of
weight Late
substantial
20
Helle
257
About half of rim restored. Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, gritty, light red (2.5YR 6/8), traces of light surface. Inclusions:
to medium
fine many translucent
to medium
disturbance
dull
gray;
some
white,
some
fine Many
sparkling.
voids.
Shoulder
Angular
P.H. Neck,
of mouth,
and
preserved.
Atypical
(5YR 7/4), rior of rim
very
brown
A
Graffito
voids.
dull
below
of upper
part
on
surface
7/3). few medium
red,
body
exterior medium
white;
no
to
shoulder,
inte
and
some
smaller
a few
with
325-260,
Form
Amphora,
later
4: Miniature
black,
125 (P 27787) AreaH 15 H.
sparkling. of handle:
left
15.5
(H.
pieces
20, Pl. 19
Fig.
Diam.
10.6;
of
foot
of wall
Fragments
Pelike
of body
4.8,
rim
and
rim
of
7.7,
6.0.
brownish
Dull
missing.
red gloss in two bands at belly, on base of handle,
KA.
Fabric similar to that of 118 and 119, from the same deposit: Context nistic
not
Attic. ca.
of
with
325-200,
Late
substantial
Helle
interior,
"Late
126 rim
of
Diam.
sections:
5.7.
neck
(b) max. and mouth,
p. dim. small
2.2.
3rd
Context
century?
of
late
2nd
Center
19, PL 18
Fig.
Diam.
of
one-third
of body restored.
foot
8.2,
of body
of
15.6, Pink
rim
6.6.
ca.
of
and
Katakouta
2000a,
of a similarly Pharsalos.
pierced
pp.
115-118,
vessel,
probably
of underside rim
of
Late
3:
Classical
20, PL 18
Fig. 338,
p. Diam.
25.9;
no.
1465,
pi.
61.
foot
of
one-third
restored.
of
of neck
Made
and
in two parts
ish buff fabric 1:medium
of
half
17.3,
body of
rim
(body
and
hard, smooth,
with
surface (ca. 10YR very pale brown coarse to very coarse red, few very some fine sparkling. Context of ca. 350-late 290s
some
large shiny
parts brown
of body
and as
gloss
on
some gray; sparkling. same waster from context;
6953,
ca. 325-275,
with
small
5: Angular
of
disturbance
late
Body
20, PL 19
Fig. fill (POU?), at 13 m
Diam.
21.2;
of
foot
of
11.0,
of
22.6,
body
rim
Intact except for small chips in foot and rim. Rippling on lower wall; light wheel-ridging on neck. Atypical fabric: soft, slightly grainy, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), traces of
of
rim
surface.
Pink
red (2.5YR5/6) Inclusions:
7/3). coarse
dull
Inclusions: dull
gray red and
large very coarse
white,
medium many few medium
ochre;
few
fine
translucent to coarse
dark
sparkling.
Probably of the same shape: P 19179 (D 17:11, lower
rim
missing; neck).
and
a
fill),
shoulder
p. 55, no. treatment
white;
G
with fragment a dedication
22, pl. 31, of underside:
129.
a
graffito (Agora XXI, to Similar Dionysos?). non-Attic. Probably
context
2nd-century
Form
Amphora,
6:
with
Large,
Ridged
Handles
124
(P 1839) 20, PL 18 Fig. 1934, p. 325, no. A 56, fig. 8; Agora XII, Thompson p. 338, no. 1466, fig. 12, pi. 61. G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A) H.
of
and
white P
Form
Amphora,
lighter 10.0,
12.2. About
small
few
Context
H.
F 11:2, lower fill (POU?) H.
Diam.
14.0.
(P 4423)
AgoraXll,
rest.
10.4;
hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). similar:
Closely
Table
Amphora
123
of body
6.6,
missing; to Dull
restored.
127 (P 515) G 14:2, middle
225-165
Form
Amphora,
of foot
3rd to early 2nd century
Karapanou 3, for fragments from amphora,
Context
20, PL 19
33.
P 4433 (Agora XII, p. 238, no. 33, pl. 2 [F 11:2, lower fill]); P 24306 (P 10:3).
fabric
temper
surface.
1, light Cf.
partly
Diam.
15.0;
Inclusions:
26.4;
to
according
Fig. no.
under
238,
p.
125. Medium
Pierced
H.
context,
century"
8.2.
most
About
all of
fabric.
(pottery discarded)
(P 6940)
H. rim
to ca.
century
75.
122 (P 26161) M 18:10
3rd
4th-early
AgoraXIl, D-E 8-9:1
part
of shoulder, all of one handle and top of the other (a); small part of shoulder (b). Hellenistic waterjug fabric 2. Date:
fine
19, PL 18
Fig.
10.9; (a) P.H. Two nonjoining
rim. Attic
Closely similar in size and shape: P 29235 (J 5:1, V); P 15408 (AgoraXIl, p. 238, no. 32, pl. 2 [H 17:1]).
disturbance
121 (P 33281) R19:l
on
traces
and
notebook
fig. an
ca.
of
hard, grainy, pink
Inclusions:
(10YR
and
few
pale
but
deposit,
(E 3:1, lower fill).
4.7.
fabric: medium
brown,
contemporary
cm): P 7391 Context
rim
of most
handles,
19, PL 18
Fig.
Diam.
11.8;
a
From
120 (P 5806) E 14:1, lower fill
21.0;
Diam.
of
foot
8.2,
of
body
15.0,
of
rim
10.5.
128 (P 15900) F19:6 H. 20.2.
39.3;
Diam.
20, PL 19
Fig. of
foot
13.9,
of
body
29.8,
of
rim
258 of
parts
Large
and
body
small
of neck
parts
CATALOGUE
restored.
in two parts (body and neck). Pink temper fabric 1,
Made
surface. light of Context
Intact except for chip from foot. Decoration in dull light brown: alternating wavy and straight lines on neck and
ca.
110-40
vertical
below
20, PL 19
129 (P 14447) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pi. 197:4. M 20:1, middle fill P.H.
37.9; Diam. of underside,
Parts
of
Nonstandard
ing.
foot
13.7,
of
and
neck
fabric:
many
some gray, Similar
few dark; very coarse treatment of underside:
Context
ca.
of
rim miss
restored; hard,
fine
and
translucent
sparkling. 127.
Diam.
two
23.3.
below
just
and
fine
many
some
rock;
pink
fine
at
of
50
p.
224,
(erroneously rest.
P.H.
15.7;
handles,
of rim
half
Diam. small
chytra).
of body of rim 16.5. 23.5, and less than of upper body, in dull restored. Decoration partly
red: irregular wavy line on shoulder bordered band
above red
smooth, Inclusions: white;
and
dark
small
many
fabric: traces
with
5/6),
(2.5YR
many 1.
fabric
Nonstandard
below.
sparkling.
of
ca.
of
hard,
similar
Diam.
of
H.
24.2;
fairly surface.
of
and
foot
much
underside,
rim
one
and
of body,
in
third of rim restored. Surface badly pitted. Decoration dull by
line
red: wavy
wavy lower handle
from
hanging
Inclusions:
surface. gray,
on
neck,
above
and
on
rim,
band
to very
fine
below
of
cal
fine dark many coarse dull white;
and few
ca.
translu fine
spar
115-86
19.3;
Diam.
of
foot
9.7,
of body
21, PL 19 of
Diam.
rim
restored.
rim
11.0.
of
of
than
rather
household
its
ware,
Late
with
Hellenistic
intru
21, PL 20
of
foot
of body
8.9,
Thin
restored.
22.8,
of
rim
on
wash
gray
8.5.
surface;
on rim, interior. into Atypi running In brown reddish smooth, (5YR 5/3). small to medium dull white. fine Many
gloss
a few
with
context,
3rd-century
later
pieces
(P3407)
21, PL 20
Fig.
1934, p. 417, no. E 130, fig. 130. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E) P.H.
9.4;
rest.
handle partly
Inclusions: white,
17.0,
rest.
Cf. Ephesos XIILLl, p. 96, no. 321, pl. 25; perhaps also McFadden 1946, p. 479, no. 66, pl. 41 (Kourion, Probably imported. Augustan?).
Nonstandard
H.
10.2;
most
and
of neck,
225-165,
body
hard, some
preserved;
133 (P 18297) Fig. B 18:12, lower fill (POU)
of body
5.2,
voids.
137
traces of
kling. of
21, PL 20
Fig.
of black fabric:
One
Context
context.
swags
Nonstandard
attachments.
hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6),
fabric: medium light cent
bordered
shoulder line
bands,
sloppy
on
translu
missing.
ca.
Diam.
41.0;
clusions: of
21.5,
body
13.5. Parts
sparkling. same from
136 (P1082) 117:5
21, PL 19 of
and
white
sions
some gray, to Pink temper
Fig. 9.7,
dull
Fig.
ware
now of
Parts
foot
hard,
traces of
inclusions. table
Context
band
fill
half
sparkling
Probably surface gloss
160-130
132 (P 14445) M 20:1, middle
medium
(5YR 6/4),
115-86
of foot
handle,
H.
Context
fabric:
of (no
8.6.
fine
by broad
lighter
translucent
red,
Somewhat
Traces handles
Amphoras
One
part
preserved;
ca.
and
Traces of dull red gloss on neck and handle. Atypical fabric: soft, powdery, reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 7/6). Few
H 16:4 (Group D) Both
rim
spur restored.
handles.
foot,
small
many some
uninventoried
15.4; Diam.
rim
as a
dark;
135 (P 17038) B 20:2, lower fill
Storage
listed
some
of
Other
1934, p. 390, no. D 68, fig. 77; AgoraXll,
3
of
body, Nonstandard
Inclusions:
slip.
gray, Another
H.
n.
of
16.6,
body
(Q13:l).
to ca. a.d.
B.C.
(P4092) Fig. 21
Thompson
of
8.7,
at arch
thumbplates in red on neck, preserved).
light cent
gray
shiny
Amphora
131
foot
of wall and end of one handle
Context
7: Lidded
Form
Amphora,
gray,
21, PL 19
slightly grainy, light reddish brown
sparkling.
1st century
late
of
top
(7.5YR 7/4).
coarse
very
(R 10:1); P 33485
Similar: P 33074 Context
some
brown,
Traces
molding
wall. Pinkish buff fabric 3: soft, grainy pink Inclusions:
translucent
few sparkling.
160.
of
Diam.
17.8;
pattern
attached
handles,
and
pink
soft,
slip (10YR
context
Rectangular decoration
All of rim and part of upper body preserved. of
fabric:
10.2.
R 13:1, upper fill 9.9;
Nonstandard
134 (P 14446) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pl. 197:6. M 20:1, middle fill H.
115-86
(P33002) Fig. 20
P.H.
cf.
decoration,
Much
130
each
ones
smooth,
fairly
white
down
stripe
very pale brown
coarse
many
2nd-century
slight traces of light surface.
to medium
fine
attachment.
(ca. 7.5YR 7/4),
Inclusions:
For
29.7.
body
medium
Inclusions:
handle
grainy, pink 7/3).
vertical
rim,
stroke flanked by single diagonal
few very coarse dull and shiny white;
wall,
reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 6/6),
each
on
band
shoulder,
handle,
often
Context
of
Diam.
rim
11.2.
and one-third restored.
Red
of rim and upper gloss
fabric: hard, smooth, fine
many very in voids. Many of ca. 150-110
dark, small
on
lip
and
body
interior.
light red (2.5YR 6/6).
few fine voids.
to medium
dull
FUNNELS 22, PL 20 Fig. no. E 100. 125, 1934, 417, p. fig. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E)
138
(P 3403)
H.
rest.
29.2;
of
Diam.
of rim 16.2. Most of underside and
rim
restored.
light red very
Diam.
11.2;
of body
27.6,
and over half of foot, parts of body fabric:
Atypical
hard,
grainy,
slightly
to medium fine many few sparkling.
coarse
few
black,
21.3;
sparkling.
1994, p. 65, no. 26, fig. 18 (Delos, 1st 1949, p. 152,pi. 16:16,left, (Corinth, century); Weinberg but
not
apparently
of 2nd century). Context
of Corinthian
Probably
ca.
of
first
manufacture,
half
imported.
115-86
140 (P 11876) Fig. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Diam.
38.2;
Parts
foot
and
to coarse
of
foot
21, PL 20 of
12.4,
rim
of
24.0,
body
12.7.
139 (P 14444) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pi. 197:5. M 20:1, middle fill of
white
gray,
Cf. Hatzidakis
H.
B.C.). Probably imported. of ca. 150-110 Context
Diam.
coarse to very few medium
fine
translucent
abundant
red;
90-70
H.
some
Inclusions:
to medium
dull
2000, p. 122, fig. 3:1, pi. 71 :p, left (Delos,
Cf. Hatzidakis
surface. fine
lighter slip largely flaked away.
(2.5YR 6/6),
Inclusions: white;
foot
259
22, PL 20
hard, of
17.0,
body
rim
10.5.
red,
neck
and
one-third
rim
of
restored.
some
Inclusions:
6/4). (7.5YR dull white,
slip and
black,
Many
Parts of body and about half of rim restored. Atypical fabric: soft, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), traces of light
and
body
a
perhaps
of
7.7,
of
of surface flaked away. Atypical fabric: medium smooth, red (2.5YR 5/6), light brown surface,
Much
coarse
very translucent
few medium
gray.
voids.
large
Probably
imported.
Context
ca.
of
b.c.
110
to a.d.
20
FUNNELS i: Projecting
Form
Funnel,
Rim
Much
141 (P 16114) Fig. G 14:2, middle fill (POU?), at 13m P.H. 22.5; Diam. of body 24.9, of rim 24.6. about
Handle,
one-third
rim
of
and
22, Pl. 21
of
parts
Inclusions:
many few medium
dark
dull
white.
same
from
Similar,
coarse
some
red,
P
deposit:
16115,
very
coarse
and
from
body
pink
upper
fill of well, P 16103.
142
(P3178)
Fig. 1934, p. 418, no. E 136, fig.
Thompson 1958,
p.
n.
257,
22, PL 21 104; Amyx
13.
H.
17.0; of
rest.
of
much
and
19.5, of rim 19.0. body of wall restored. Made
in two
In on one four bands parts. orange-brown spout, gloss, on lower on two broad bands line, wavy body, upper body; on two Pink fabric 1. upper large blobs temper body. Context of ca. 150-110
143 (P 28444) P20:2 H.
14.2;
22, PL 21
Fig. Diam.
of
body
of
16.9,
rim
15.2.
Over half of rim and parts of body restored; tip of spout chipped. Four bands in dull brown gloss. Pink fabric temper of Context
1. ca.
with
a few
earlier
Diam.
of
dull
and
spout
few
white;
Similar in size and shape: P 14466 p. 379, pi. 200:5 [M 20:1, middle fill]). Context
145
ca.
of
B.C.
110
continuing
fabric: hard, fine, light some medium dark and
to a.d.
fine
sparkling.
(Rotroff 2000a,
20
(P21752) Fig. 22
P.H.
23.0;
Parts
of
Diam. body,
of
33.9, body and rim handle,
of
rim
31.7. end
restored,
of
spout
missing. Ridged handle. Two to four brown gloss bands on body. Pink temper fabric 1. of
of
another
about
the
same
size:
P 3309.
dating at the end of the series: P 11651 (AgoraV, no. M 9, pi. 18 [lowest level of Robinson's Group 85, p. M, deposit M 17:1]); P 33090 (H 16:1). Context
body
15.8,
of
rim
15.4.
b.c.
1st century
Form
Funnel,
146
of
to ca. a.d.
2: Outturned
40
Rim
(P 32662) Fig. 23
H 16:4 (Group D) 4.4;
6.5.
p.Diam.
Tip of spout and upper wall missing. parts.
orange
Streaky
gloss
on
inside
and
Made on
upper
in two out
side wall. Attic fine fabric. of
ca.
160-130
pieces
(P 11893) 22, PL 21 Fig. Amyx 1958, p. 257, n. 13; AgoraV, pp. 16-17, no. F 63, pl. 2; Rotroff 2004, pp. 456-457, pl. 202:1. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) 13.3;
Irregular
Context 150-110,
144
H.
at
starting
coarse
to very voids.
medium
P.H.
rest.
around,
Others
Diam.
rim
times
Fragment
F 15:2 (Group E) Most
four
R10:l
context
2nd-century
chipped.
halfway up bowl. Nonstandard brown (7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions:
restored; tip of spout missing. Ten bands in dull brown gloss. Pinkish buff fabric 3: hard, smooth, light red (ca. 2.5YR 6/6), pinkish gray slip on outside (ca. 7.5YR 6/2). rock,
of wall and part of rim restored, tip of spout Broad spiral band of dark brown gloss going
147
(P 8586) 23, PL 21 Fig. Sparkes and Talcott 1959, fig. 48; Agora XII, p. 230, n. 10; Rotroff 2004, pp. 456-457, pi. 202:2. E 6:2, lower fill H.
7.2;
rest.
Diam.
of
body
8.3,
of
rim
8.0.
CATALOGUE
260 of rim and upper
Half
chipped. inside and
two
in
Made on
outside
end of spout
body restored;
Thin parts. orange-brown rim and handle. Attic fine
gloss fabric.
Other 151
Similar: 148 and P 8588 (upper fill of E 6:2); P 6022 (E 14:3); P 15659 (R 21:2, lower fill in tunnel). Without any gloss: 149. 147 was found in the upper part of lower most
since
fill;
is probably
are
parallels to be regarded
late
or
2nd
century from intrusive
as
148
ca.
of
175-125
P.H.
(P8587) Fig. 23 7.9; Diam.
of body
of
9.6,
rim
10.2.
About half of body and one-third of rim restored. Made in two parts. Thin brown gloss inside. Attic fine fabric. see
For
comparanda, of ca. Context
H.
Diam.
9.0;
Over two parts.
rim
of
8.5,
rim
8.2.
handle
restored;
fine
Attic
in
Made
missing.
fabric.
from a context of the first half of the 1st Another a.d.: P 22676 (E 14:2, fill I [POU]). century of
Context
H.
19.4.
some
Inclusions: to coarse
missing.
rock;
pink
translucent
medium many
fine
some
1: Rim
Form
with
H.
Part
External
of
19.0;
Diam.
of
parts
of foot, handles
Decoration at
bands
around
body,
below
handle
attachment,
bunches flange
on grapes and handles.
of
scattered
restored;
P.H.
of body
32.7,
and of body parts One rim chipped.
in dull brown:
Diam. rim
lead
7.0; Diam. and
Spout
of
of body part of
and
for
clamp dark
of
33.8, spout
28.2. End
possibly from Pinkish
repair.
some
(ca. 7.5YR 6/4). fine
translucent
voids.
small
Many b.c. to a.d.
rim
restored.
ancient
red,
20
5.0.
of
spout of wall.
part
Black
and
inside
gloss
out.
20
(ca. 7.5YR 7/4).
black,
of
ca.
Inclusions: many fine
translucent
and
red,
small
to 156.
similar
350-late
1983,
6:9,
rim
lower
29.0;
rest.
290s
Fig. 24, PL 21 no.
290,
p.
south
fill,
of
Diam.
55,
pi. chamber
foot
14.1,
55.
of body
of
foot
and
most
of
half of body, half of rim, one handle restored.
traces on
rim
Diam.
29.0;
18.5.
Three-fourths
other
inclusions;
gray
voids.
(P 3998)
H
of
to a.d.
b.c.
110
Many sparkling. for handles,
H. of
ca.
pink surface
156
rim
thian fabric? Fairly hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR
and white;
STORAGE
Except Context
side
two broad
red
mica.
Attic fine fabric.
6/6),
and diameter greatest and tendrils with grapevine on upper surface shoulder, gloss on Red Corin interior. No gloss point
dark
of golden
Inside partly darkened,
one
of
Rotroff
slightly dented.
of
foot
Atypi
(7.5YR 7/4).
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
19.0.
Three-fourths and
Diam.
break.
(P 11861) Fig. 23
154
(P 3563) Fig. 24, PL 21 no. 1537, fig. 13, pl. 67. 344, p. AgoraXIl, F 11:2, upper fill rest.
rest. and
fine many fine gray; sparkling. Context of ca. 110
155
31.0;
outside;
but
few
some
rim
above
just
fine, pink
re
spout
rim
a
23.5;
of wall
to medium
H.
flecks
20.0. of
below
coarse
few
dark,
all
it is a funnel. suggests banding see similar 1938, Kraeling profile, an 16, no. 30, fig. 42 (Gerasa). Perhaps import. of ca. 100-70
FOR LONG-TERM
Flange
of
inside,
smooth,
and
with
Context
VESSELS Bin,
on
fine
sparkling a bowl,
Rest.
context
Storage
some
fine
body, band
gloss
preserved
rim
23, PL 21 (P 11894) Fig. no. n. F 64, pis. 13; AgoraV, p. 17, Amyx 1958, p. 257, 2, 19; AgoraXll, p. 230, n. 8. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
sparkling.
B.C.
1st century
of
material
Claudian
bands
broad
of and
21.4,
153
gray,
Similar but with brown gloss, inside only: P 8475, found fairly nearby (Q 13:1) in deposit of ca. a.d. 20-50 with
of
Inclusions:
of wall
half
Traces of dull tan
1.
buff fabric 1: very hard, fine, light brown
in band handle. Apparently made Stub of horizontal two pieces, the join carefully smoothed. Dull red gloss over all. Pinkish buff fabric 3: fine, medium hard, pink 7/4). (7.5YR few medium
three
fabric
of body of
cal fabric: fairly hard,
heat.
of body 19.1, of rim of rim, and parts
over
14.0.
23
one-fourth
of spout chipped.
23
57.
pi.
of body
Diam.
16.0; rim,
Traces
Most
Fig.
Diam.
16.1;
Handle,
of
stored.
a.d.
1st century
150 (P 20837) R13:2
H.
Part
n. p. 564, Context
1959, fig. 48.
291,
temper 200-160
ca.
of
Possibly a funnel For
23
of body
of
half
Pink
Inclusions:
147.
115-86
(P 16720) Fig. Sparkes and Talcott N 21:1, bottom
est. Diam.
11.3;
Rest.
few
149
206,
p.
152 (P 16104) Fig. G 14:2, upper fill
E 6:2, upper fill H.
no.
All of rim and tip of spout missing. gloss Context
upper
23, PL 21
Fig.
XXVII,
Agora
outside.
fill. Context
(P 19788)
Qll:3
it
later,
the
Funnels
of
garland and top
in brown:
Decoration on of
shoulder, flange.
another
Nonstandard
over
underside,
and part of the two bands band
on
above,
fabric:
belly,
gloss medium
FOR LONG-TERM
VESSELS
hard, slightly grainy, light brown (ca. 7.5YR 6/4), traces of pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: some coarse to very fine
coarse
dull
handles, ca. 325-270
of
rest.
Diam.
of
Diam. Part
Foot
foot
of
15.6,
of
body
time
upper
surface of flange and on handles.
fabric
1:
(2.5YR
6/6).
lucent
gray,
few
excavation),
somewhat
on
gloss
buff
Pinkish
red grainy, light to coarse trans
medium many and red black;
medium
in now
shoulder
(four
powdery, Inclusions:
rim
Decoration on
visible
soft,
of
of
one-third
chipped. bands
two at
and
belly,
handles
effaced:
described
some
spar
Diam.
ca.
of
bands:
above,
perhaps two bands above, center
max.
p. dim.
sections
26, PL 22 26.3,
(a)
25.9.
(b)
of wall
parts below
preserving in
another
orange-brown: line
wavy
straight Nonstandard
with in
those
ones
to
the
medium
side hard,
pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 8/4).
to very
coarse
dull
few
white;
voids.
Many
sparkling.
of
and two
handles
fabric:
medium
many
and
level
handle,
the
down,
grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), Inclusions:
between below
stripes
pendent
running outward.
curving
133.
cf.
decoration,
thick wavy line with one band below
handles,
the
For
55).
pi.
Fig.
0.40;
and placement
profile
as Form
classification
265-200
and
lines
wavy
150-86
nonjoining handle. Decoration
The
kling. Context
with
280,
ca.
of
Two
34.4; one
and
much
red,
of
23.0. all
others
no.
204,
p.
Context
155.
Est.
underside,
restored. dull
37.6;
rim
of
some
red;
of
Fragments
161 (P 20500) E14:3
24
H.
to
similar
157 (P 19719) Fig. P 10:2, lower fill Rest.
to coarse
medium
261
P 3392 (Thompson 1934, p. 418, no. E 134, fig. 104, of Pink temper fabric 1 [F 15:2]); P 4321; P 31731 (Agora XXVII,
sparkling. for Except Context
and
white
STORAGE
of the handle the
1, although
suggest rim
confirming
is
absent.
158 (P 14364) E 14:6, lower fill H.
of
foot
of
12.1,
of
28.9,
body
of foot,
half
restored;
most
indicate
the
of body, Traces
large parts surface missing.
of
was
vessel
6/6).
gloss Nonstan
H. of
fine
many
gray
and
white;
many
spar
of
3rd
with
century,
several
27.4;
Diam.
25, Pl. 22
Fig. foot
of
12.1,
of
24.5,
body
to attach to lid. Decoration string four bands brown, white, (white, brown line between handle wavy seven
bands on
stripe
in brown
and
below
brown)
punctuated white alternating
above outside
of handle.
Pink
white:
handles, with
and
pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). comes
Probably deposit. Context
Late
Hellenistic
with
325-200,
Late
32.2;
P.H.
and
three of
parts Decoration
ca.
b.c.
110
to a.d.
20
est. Diam.
14.2;
26, PL 22
Fig. of
rim
28.0. wall.
Decoration
in dull two horizon
with
pattern traces
of another
pattern
(garland?). Pink temper fabric 1, pink surface 7.5YR8/4). Date:
or
2nd
Early
of foot
H H.
depth of
Diam.
parts of upper body in dull Decoration
foot
16.2,
of
28.0,
body
of
rim
and and
underside, about
brown:
much
one-third alternating
of of
lower
rim
bands
body, restored.
and
wavy
lines. Pink temper fabric? Hard, grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: many medium brick red, pink rock, and shiny white and gray; sparkling.
body, antiquity:
preserved. two bands at upper of handle orange: edge traces of delicate floral above framed garland lines from handle attachments. up running
of rim and upper Fragment wave brownish orange: stylized tal lines above and one below,
25, Pl. 22
Fig.
19.9. part
of in
Repaired for a third
163 (P 8067) Area C 8
164
Small
Diam.
Roman
1st century. context.
Mixed
(ca.
Hellenistic,
Classical,
with
2: Rim
Form
Bin,
no
Flange
Large
160 (P 6755) F 13:3, unknown H.
holes
of
Helle
disturbance
Rest.
rest.
of
component
substantial
46.0;
body
parts
large
restored.
and
vertical
Storage ca.
of
of
20.5,
Pink temper fabric 1, light slip.
and
from
foot
below
white
brown, fabric 1,
temper
26, PL 22
rim
About half of foot and lower body, one handle, and small portions of wall and upper body restored. Flange pierced with single hole (perhaps of originally two) for
many
rim
Context of
14.0.
nistic
of
attachment,
159 (P 5783) E 14:1, lower fill
of
of underside,
Center fourths
by
H.
3rd-century
27.1.
clamps in thin, light
2nd-century
pieces
dots, brown
Diam.
52.0;
rim
two
kling. Context
some
with
115-50,
162 (P 11892) Fig. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
of brown
decorated.
originally
of rim
one-third
dard fabric: fairly soft, powdery, grainy, light red (2.5YR Inclusions:
ca.
of
largely
rim
18.5. About
Context material
Diam.
31.7;
25, Pl. 22
Fig.
(P 2227) 6:9,
upper est. 38.7;
27, PL 23
Fig. fill,
south of
Diam.
chamber foot
19.0,
of
44.0,
body
of
rim
22.0. Full with about of foot one-fourth rim and profile, restored. tooled offset preserved; partly Slight, sharply at base of body and of rim. attached Horizontally strap on handle flanked wheel shoulder, by nipples. Totally made. Decoration on foot and in thin, dull brown: band lower
wall,
two bands
Field between and
below.
Side
below
handles A:
ivy garland
band
handles,
delimited
at base
of
rim.
by thin wavy line above right
with
dot
rosettes
on
CATALOGUE
262 stems.
Side
row
B:
of
small
on
Gloss
lozenges.
upper
surface of rim and on nipples flanking handles; thick drip of gloss beside one handle attachment. Attic fine fabric.
For shape cf. P 2519 and P 23681 (AgoraXIl, p. 344, nos. 1538, 1541, fig. 13, pl. 68), with nipples beside handles, of the third quarter of the 5th century. ca.
of
Context
225-160
flanked by black bands on belly, orange band overpainted with dots on shoulder. Atypical fabric: hard (overfired), gritty, red in break (2.5YR 5/6), light reddish brown on surface (5YR 6/4), traces of light slip. Inclusions: some
an
H.
Diam.
30.4;
foot
of
of
15.0,
of
33.2,
body
rim
one
two
defined by wheel-run registers done before all in each register,
shoulder: line
wavy
set
vertically
on
Incised decoration
flanked by nipples.
grooves, at handles
tached. Atypical fabric: hard, slightly grainy, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), very pale brown slip (ca. 10YR 7/3). Inclusions: some
white; For
sparkling. see 166,
decoration,
coarse
to very
medium
many fine
169. Other
red
dull
and
of
examples
the
and Early Roman shape: P 4257 (mixed Late Hellenistic fill), P 25796 (no context), P 11148 (B 14:2, bottom fill), traces
all with
of
than
rather
painted
ca.
of
a few
with
150-110,
est. Diam.
6.5;
rim
of
Handle
attachment.
spar
earlier
pieces
28, PL 23
13.0.
rope of handle
attachment.
in
round
approximately Two very fine,
handle.
possibly at point
section;
wheel-run
grooves in orange and
Decoration
black: wavy line between handles (probably originally in orange but now mostly missing), dull black band at base of rim with dull orange band below it. Atypical fabric: very hard, slightly grainy, pink on interior (5YR 7/4), very on pale brown on exterior (10YR 7/3), dull white slip on
and
exterior
few
very
pink;
of
Context
rim.
of
interior
some
Inclusions:
coarse
sparkling.
imported.
Probably
decora
incised
few
gray;
Small segment of rim and upper wall, with one handle
of rim restored;
attached,
Horizontally
missing.
rope handles a
import. Context
P.H.
nipple
and
168 (P 11862) Fig. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
17.6.
Small parts of body and one-third
white
shiny
kling. For shape and banding, cf. Kirigin and Marin 1988, pp. 132-133, nos. 2,4, pi. 26 (Issa, 3rd century). Probably
27, Pl. 23
165 (P 14451) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, pp. 378-379, pl. 198:1. M 20:1, middle fill
to medium
fine
b.c.
110
to a.d.
20
tion. were as used vessels similar cinerary Closely Imported. a.d. in the first at Corinth, (Cor century probably are n. 4: C-62-108 and C-62-24 inth VII.3, par p. 105, to those See also Bitra from the Agora). close ticularly
urns
kova Grozdanova
1994, p. 219, pl. 166:5, 168:y (Golem
Grad).
166
ca.
of
Context
115-86
(P 19118)
27, PL 23
Fig.
N20:4 P.H.
est. Diam.
14.6;
rim
of
22.0;
max.
of body, small segment Incised decoration
one-fourth
handle
38.4. p. dim. of rim, and
preserved. zones to rim: three attachment of handle edge zone. a wavy in line each wheel-run grooves, by attached. before handle tion executed Atypical
medium
surface
brown
7.5YR
(ca.
some
Inclusions:
reddish brown
smooth,
hard,
lower
from
169.
165,
Cf.
an
also
of
ca.
with
110-50,
intrusions
two Roman
167 (P 28436) P20:2 to rim
Foot missing; preserved
visible: orange
28, Pl. 23
Fig. 10.3;
Diam.
of body
14.2,
of
rim
9.5.
small hole in upper wall. Trace of flare to at lower
(?) band
break.
Painted
decoration
at base of body, orange
barely
band
Incised by
decoration
three
wheel-run in up spiral of handle.
running register, before attachment
executed
see
166.
165,
rock;
pink
Possibly
(2.5YR Inclu
Attic,
many
despite
fabric. of
Context
Agora
coarse
to very
medium
ca.
(P 16404) XXI,
p.
250-170
28
Fig. 66,
no.
Hb
4, pi.
37.
F 19:3, lower fill P.H.
7.6;
est. Diam.
of
rim
12.0.
Small segment of rim and upper wall. Dipinto below rim: CAK(jl)M[-] on the first line (restored by Lang as trace
with aaKcojia), medium fabric:
Small
foot
many
unusual
unprove
ration.
handle. defined
Atypical fabric: soft, somewhat gritty, light red 6/6), light reddish brown on surface (5YR 6/4).
170
voids. cf.
all
register,
sparkling. For decoration,
light
registers in lower
line
wavy
one
and
wall, in two
sions:
nienced example from section BA (P 28926: H. 43.5, Diam. of rim 20.0 cm) with rope handles and gloss deco Context
per
6/4), self-slipped. perhaps few to very large dull white;
medium
Large sparkling. decoration For
P.H.
part of upper on shoulder
defined
fabric:
Internal
169 28, PL 23 (P 18766) Fig. M21:l PH. (a) 9.9, (b) 8.8, (c) 5.4; est. Diam. of rim 17.5. Three nonjoining sections preserving over half of rim,
Decora
(5YR 5/4),
with
3: Rim
Form
Bin,
grooves:
About one
Storage Flange
(5YR 7/6).
of
hard,
Inclusions:
a
second
smooth,
one
line fine
large white;
below. reddish
Atypical yellow
few fine
spar
kling. For the dipinto, cf.Weinberg 1949, p. 152, pis. 16:16, no. and p.79, no. He 22, He 42, 5, 17;AgoraXXI, p. 77, pi. pi.
44. Probably of Context
ca.
imported. 115-86,
with
a few Early
Roman
pieces
VESSELS Large
Other
Storage
Vessels
171 (P 18770) M21:l H.
28, Pl. 23
Fig. of
of
parts and part
foot
of body
11.3,
dark
shiny
about
body, of the
attached,
zontally
half
other
of
restored.
of
traces
on
gloss
of white
handles.
Imported;
possibly
Context
172
one
fabric:
medium
medium
slight
dull
1951a,
from
no.
on
ancient
1976, p. 263, no. 537,
83:d.
1, pl.
rim,
side.
of rim
36.8,
small holes
and
wavy below each
design
in upper body
on groove in brown:
Lower
Decoration
bands
alternating crude ribbon
brown
lines,
handle.
shoul
to very
translucent
some medium rock, pink few coarse round dull white.
bones
Context
173
coarse
amber,
Contained
ca.
of
P.H.
a
of
red
and
of
Over
half
of
rim
partly
and
Diam.
rest.
34.0;
body
Diam.
of
one-fourth
between broad
rower band below groove on
interior.
of upper
body
missing.
at
of
another
center
of
coarse
micaceous
in Pink
to
gray fabric;
temper
third
finer
quarter but
fabric,
treatment. closely eastern
of
to this
Lokris,
where
wavy
grooves, nar
1st
soft,
powdery,
smooth,
similar
rock,
pink
to
to inclusions
sparkling.
century similar
a.d.), in
apparently and
shape
(forthcoming) in and shape to be they appear
one
reports decoration of
of
a
surface vessels from
local manufac
ture.
Date: Early Roman? few
3rd-century
and
Context
Early
edge
Helle
Thick
ca.
in half
and
very recessed,
and
on
flat
disk,
in section,
fabric: many
top.
for lifting placed smooth, probably to width of 11.8
of vessel 45 cm in di
brown very (10YR pale red and white; few spar
large
325-200
176 (P 26160) M 18:10
29, PL 23
Fig. Th.
24.0;
Broken
fit into mouth
Inclusions:
of
4.2.
of six lead clamps
parts
round
Nonstandard
kling. Context
29, PL 23
missing.
preserved.
cm, so lid would
on top, translucent of
Context
at
1.4-2.0,
perhaps
ridge
at center
2.8.
ca.
Roman
of ca. 200-150, pieces.
with a
gray; 225-165
Diam.
Sackett
many
29, PL 23
Fig. and
Graham,
F 17:3, middle Est.
Inclusions:
self-slipped. fine sparkling.
(P 26024)
Jones,
1973,
p.
2.4,
at
no.
400,
9.
fill (POU)
59.0;
Th.
at
edge
at
ridge
center
3.8. About
band,
p. 122, no. 266, fig. 31 (middle
closely Dakoronia
similar
broad
Inclusions: many medium
many
Cf. Corinth XVIII.2, to
the wheel-run
band,
fabric:
(5YR 7/6).
Late
Fig.
top. Underside outer edge
in form:
made
177
body Surface
limiting lip and on lip. No gloss
Nonstandard
reddish yellow
substantial
at center
Th.
68.5;
Two thick handles,
rim
in flaking badly and most of gloss missing. Decoration dull orange with (white?) overpainting: broad band be low, broad wavy band at greatest diameter with ghosts of wavy overpainted above it, narrow band,
with
325-200,
in antiquity; for
lighter coarse
Lower
lines
slip (2.5Y
voids.
Many
Edge chipped. Flat disk left rough underneath. Hole at center surrounded by wide ridge. Pinkish buff fabric 1: medium hard, grainy, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6),
about
restored.
pre fab
Atypical
Lids
17.5.
preserved;
white.
large
body
clamps
shape and fabric suggests the vessel is
ca.
of
Diam.
dog.
150-100
Diam.
lead
attachments.
175 (P 3799) E 15:7, lower fill (POU)
7/4). gloss Pinkish
fill
rest.
27.3;
rim
disturbance
band
(P 11423) Fig. 28
F 5:1, middle
nistic
ameter.
buff fabric 3: hard, slightly grainy, fairly thin, light red (2.5YR 6/6); brown slip (7.5YR 5/4). Inclusions: many medium
imported. Context
holes
14.3, of body
mend.
one
unusual
Highly
mended
of foot
on
is doubled foot,
of
lower
restored; three
antiquity: at lower
many
Three-fourths
A few chips missing. Many
on
Diam.
49.0;
body
of wall
parts in
Inclusions:
Est.
268,
p.
and
Thumbprints
Pithos
22.5.
side
of
white,
sparkling. ware. Cf. Du
250-170
B22:2 H. 35.3; Diam.
one
Diam.
Mended
8/2).
(P 16658) Fig. 28
Young
29, PL 23
Fig.
ric: hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), white
slightly above
(ca. 5YR 6/6),
some
and Picard
ca.
of
hori in
gray; abundant to related lagynos
crey, Hadjimichali, fig. 9 (Lato).
der
handle
missing. served.
and just below
Atypical
slip. Inclusions: translucent
to medium
est.
45.0;
One
one
of
Handles
narrow
with
hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow
on
P.H.
Diam.
most
rim,
and below at point of greatest diameter
fine
rest.
24.0;
set. Decoration
diagonally broad band
brown:
traces
263
174 (P 6350) E 14:1, lower fill
12.8.
Large handle
rim,
STORAGE
25.0.
Diam.
25.5;
rim
of
FOR LONG-TERM
one-fourth
of
rim
and
wall,
to center.
Large,
flat disk left rough underneath. Large hole surrounded by high ridge at center. Pinkish buff fabric 3: soft, gritty and powdery, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), some areas on surface Inclusions: lighter (weathering?). rock and medium to very coarse dull pink medium dark red and very coarse translucent fine
many white,
large some
gray; many
sparkling.
Similar: small fragment from center, P 15537 (R 21:2, lower fill in cistern). Similar large lids with central hole: P 18367 (Diam. 60.0 cm, Late Roman context); P 25603 (Diam.
ca.
44.0
cm,
4th-century
context).
Context of mostly ca. 315-225, with a few pieces dating to the last quarter of the 3rd century
CATALOGUE
264
29, PL 24 (P 14338) Fig. no. LII. 131, pis. XXV, Boggess 1972, p. 80, E15:4
178
of body Diam. 11.1, of rim 8.5. rim restored. Thick black and of body gloss on outside. in Nonstandard and rim, and drips
H.
12.5;
Parts interior
light brown
fabric: fine, smooth, hard,
on
Few
(7.5YR 6/4).
Context
or slightly later
H.
H.
Small
of
Diam.
13.3;
of
parts
over
and
body
rim
of
11.6,
body
8.9. rim
of
half
Some spar
29, Pl. 24
is oval; on
body, leather
rim
floor
or
possibly
8.9.
restored.
very
of oval,
axis
hard,
rim
of
10.2, and
wall,
bottom
was
clay
of body
of bottom,
in lower
29, PL 24
rim. Nonstandard
(7.5YR 6/6).
115-86
Diam.
9.4;
finished
179 (P 14435) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 200:7. M 20:1, middle fill
ca.
of
on
and
inside
180 (P 14434) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 200:6. M 20:1, middle fill Part
of ca. 200-125
Context
on
gloss
fabric: fine, soft, reddish yellow kling inclusions.
inclusions.
sparkling
of black
Traces
Pithos?
Miniature
Flat,
carefully inside. Hole
irregular
either
neatly pierced drilled after
firing.
when Non
standard fabric: soft, slightly grainy yellowish
red (5YR
some to medium fine Inclusions: 5/6). to coarse translucent and fine dull white,
medium
restored.
ca.
of
Context
black, gray.
115-86
MORTARS
Mortar
Classical
30, PL 24 (P 3560) Fig. AgoraXll, p. 369, no. 1898, fig. 16, pi. 92; Bats 1988,
181 p.
32,
rim
part of worn. Floor
wheel-trimming
restored,
Inclusions: some
on
marks
wall
upper rim.
Plain
wall.
lower
to coarse
medium many coarse black, ca.
of
Context
Hellenistic
and
gray on
handle
a
white,
few
350-late
outside,
Fluked
spout.
translucent coarse
very
dull
gray white.
and
i:
Form
ca.
of
mortar:
P
27406
325-275
Standard Type, Raised Base 184 (P 4406) F 12:3, middle fill P.H.
est. Diam.
5.9;
32.0.
coarse
some
Inclusions:
5/6). dium
Piecrust
to coarse
white;
many
translucent
Early 182
outer of rim and edge Sharp is profile sharp rectangular fabric. unusual despite of ca. 310-275 Context
flat
30, PL 24
n.
223,
8.
top
of
as
Fig.
Similar
sparkling.
fabric.
(P901)
30, PL 24
Fig.
Handles
p.
to
dark.
Segment of rim, with spout and one handle. Upper body wheelmade. Atypical fabric: hard, gritty, red (2.5YR
290s
Mortar,
AgoraXll,
gritty,
few medium
and medium
5th-century
either
rim miss
of
part
sandy class: soft, gritty, light gray (2.5Y 7/2).
Corinthian,
Inclusions:
(7.5YR 8/2).
translucent
Context wall
and
Wheel on
between and on groove fabric? Corinthian Soft,
with
(S16:l).
33.0.
7.0; Diam.
Small
white,
coarse
Similar
F 11:2, upper fill
ing.
pinkish white
4:1.
fig.
H.
scallops, big piecrust side of them. Moldmade.
an
few me gray, to cooking
feature,
early Possibly
ridge.
Attic,
F 16:1, lower fill H.
of
Tip handle
spout
them,
medium
hard,
clusions:
many few
impressed by vertical with
red, dull
on
circles strips
white;
with
vertical
faces
tile
fabric:
(ca. 7.5YR 7/4). strewn
H.
8.2;
In
About profile
one-sixth from
foot
coarse
red; many
Possibly Context
sparkling.
to rim.
Floor
wall,
Attic, of
handle.
Piecrust
handle.
No wheel for hanging. fabric: soft, slightly
some medium
Inclusions:
marks grainy,
to very
sparkling. is unusual.
fabric
although ca. 325-275
30, PL 24
with
missing.
one Handle
handle with
and two
31, Pl. 25
186 (P 17986) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 458, pl. 203:2, 3. A 18:1, lower fill to rim
About and
one
two holes
Nonstandard
(moldmade?).
H. rim
with
30.0. with
light red (2.5YR 6/6).
on
38.0. of
rim
small later Hellenistic
Fig.
est. Diam.
of
pierced
30, Pl. 24
Fig.
est. Diam.
4.0;
Segment Rim
disturbance
183 (P 28144) F16:8
P.H.
Three
clay. circles between
ones large some fine
185 (P 28145) F16:8
of
side
each
of
Corinthian
including
one
restored;
impressed of four three
on
of ca. 350-290,
Context
38.2.
of wall
slightly grainy, pink large coarse
very
rim
parts
Moldmade.
handles.
of
ends
of
22.7,
small
in heavy handle, or two circles one
scallops
floor,
foot
and
Five chipped. is flanked which
spout,
of
of
Diam.
9.0;
Wear
on
half
7.2; Diam.
of
floor. Wheel
fabric? Medium
foot
and
of bottom
marks
hard,
16.7, small
on
gritty,
of
parts
upper
rim
32.6.
of wall body.
light gray
restored.
Corinthian
(10YR 7/2).
MORTARS some
Inclusions:
to coarse
medium
voids Many inclusions. ing dark
surrounded
kling.
white; areas and
spar contain
of ca.
(N 10:2); P 28372. some
with
275-200,
rial
H.
on
of
7.7; Diam. half
Spout, on sions
of
floor,
upper
foot and of
(ca. 5YR 7/6),
Inclusions:
some
(red
some
voids, Many Context
white
with
ca.
of
to rim
Abra
P.H.
Segment on exterior.
red
smooth,
(ca. 7.5YR 7/4). coarse
few very medium
dull
red white.
floor.
rim
Wheel
of wall
31, PL 25
Fabric
of
foot
est.
15.7;
of
rim
center
of
Diam.
and
restored. spout on upper body.
at
Wear Pink
fabric
temper
a few
with
175-150,
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
32, PL 26 (P 3396) Fig. 1934, p. 416, no. E 124, fig. 102; AgoraXll, Thompson 8.
F15:2
(Group E)
H.
Diam.
of
rim
and
of
per wall, Medium
very
possibly
13.5,
of
Context
rest.
7.5; of
to rim
Much
up fabric?
Corinthian brown
10YR
(ca.
coarse
dull
white,
7/3). some
of
spout ible. Pink
of
Abrasions
ca.
fill).
8.5;
Red
of
stain
Diam.
2:
to a.d.
Lug
33, Pl. 26
Diam.
12.2;
of wall
rim.
of
and
rim
Nonstandard
light red
rim
26.5.
restored.
fabric:
On
medium some
red;
medium
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 6/6). some
white,
few medium
gray,
fabric
of
black
fine
and
sparkling.
8.0; Diam.
tically pierced the
parts on
of
of wall, floor.
rim
one
and
No
wheel
fluke marks
foot floor,
with
of
13.2, and three
rim
through with two holes. One partly
26.5.
parts of rim restored. vertical and ver strips
pierced.
Totally
fluke of spout wheelmade.
medium
dull
white
and
fine
translucent
gray;
sparkling.
Same fabric: 191 and 193.
of vis
of
33, Pl. 26
fabric: hard, gritty, friable, light red (2.5YR
Some
6/6). few
35.4.
of
center
other
Nonstandard 17.2,
115-86
ornamented
pierced,
foot
ca.
handle,
handle
Context
of
ca.
115-86
2. Hellenistic
Form
Mortar,
3:
Bolster
Handles
190-160
195
Parts
foot
parts
to medium
to rim
One
191 (P 14456) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 199:1. M 20:1, middle fill H.
B.C.
100
194 (P 14454) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 199:3. M 20:1, middle fill H.
Same shape and fabric: P 11885 and P 11886 (N 19:1, upper fill). of
ca.
of
Form
of
and
on
fine many translucent
Lug
underside,
temper
Context
50 B.C. Context
hard, gritty, friable,
red.
150-110
7.9; Diam.
restored.
shiny
on
Standard Type, Ring Foot 190 (P 21313) Fig. 32 Q 12:1, first POU H.
coarse
to
medium
many
Diam.
foot
Context marks
Wheel
(C 9:7, construction
ca.
of
hard,
Very
one side, two lugs flanked by and divided by applied vertical strips of clay; pierced through with two holes for hanging. On other side, single lug flanked by vertical strips. Each fluke of spout pierced through vertically.
34.3.
wheelmade.
very pale to very few medium
Similar: P 8111
rim
restored.
wall
totally
(6 mm),
large
(a waster).
Same fabric: 191 and 194. foot
hard, smooth, some medium
Inclusions:
marks
Wheel
green on interior, with bubbled
Mortar,
Wheel-smoothing
189
Parts
handle.
vitrified
193 (P 14455) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 199:2. M 20:1, middle fill H.
9.1;
with
rim,
largely
ca.
before
Hellenistic
Most
p.
511,
Handles
marks
n.
32, PL 26 609, and
30.0. and
Inclusions:
Date:
Similar in shape and of same fabric: P 14313 (N 20:7, lower fill); P 19786 (AgoraXXVII, p. 206, no. 290, pi. 57 [Q 11:3]); P 28107 (F 17:4, lower fill).
223,
very coarse
100.
Diam.
of ca.
est. Diam.
5.8;
surface.
1.
Context
Fig. lot NN 824, with
dark gray (10YR 4/1),
inclusions.
Fig.
10.0;
of
very
white.
36.3. Most
gray,
115-86
192 (P 33046) Area B-C 18-19,
marks
300-210
188 (P 13705) G 5:3, lower fill H.
Hard,
gray, and
wall),
missing. Wheel
worn.
pink surface
translucent exterior
of wall
very fabric?
some
red, few
662
28.5.
floor
Corinthian
on
rim
one-third
rim, center
body.
of
11.8,
dish yellow smears
31, PL 25
Fig.
ca.
of
Context
187 (P8418) Dll:2
coarse
to very medium many rock and translucent pink
Inclusions:
dull white. Same fabric: 193 and 194.
mate
2nd-century
light red (2.5YR 6/6).
fabric: fairly hard, grainy, friable, coarse
Similar fabric: P 5535 Context
no
dull
by dark
265
of
floor, foot, on floor.
foot
16.5,
wall, Possibly
rim,
of
32, PL 26
H.
to rim
11.8;
33, Pl. 27
Fig. rest.
Diam.
of
foot
25.8;
Diam.
of
rim
51.2.
rim
and
(P 18778)
M2L1
33.8. one
moldmade.
Slightly
handle
restored.
Nonstandard
Mended Floor
in worn.
over half of foot and antiquity: Wheel
parts marks
of
three on
lower wall lead
upper
restored.
preserved. clamps wall. Corinthian
266 fabric? Medium
coarse
to very
dark
red
and
black.
(P 32668) Fig. 33 est. Diam.
8.7;
Two
large
sections
nonjoining
of
rim,
and
wall,
base
of base,
part
preserving
(a) and one bolster with part
spout (b).
of
Tip
battered.
spout
Partly
197 (P 8313) Fig. 34 McCredie 1966, p. 56, under no. 7; AgoraXll, p. 378, no. 2035, fig. 19; Rotroff and Oakley 1992, p. 29, 66.
rest.
Over
half
of
Diam.
lower
of base of
part
and
pieces
foot
of
half
restored;
floor,
No burning. Made
leather
when
joined
hard.
Thin
in
some
with
H.
orange
material
of
second
half of 3rd century 198
(P 8312)
McCredie
no.
under
56,
p.
7; AgoraXll,
p.
197 but
with
Found
most
the
of
other
round
handle, brown
No
on
all,
translucent
except
not
probably
part
of
some
streaky,
brown
Dull,
rest.
and gloss
Diam.
7.5YR
6/4).
Inclusions:
base
rim. stand.
and
gray
bowl
rim
handle
smoothed
handles
nestled
flanked by small verti
red Streaky, Nonstandard
to brown
gloss
fabric:
hard,
much
some
Inclusions:
few medium
white,
of another,
of
one
and
and
recurved
of handles
ca.
of
few
red; from
smaller,
lower
175-125
35, Pl. 29
(P 6218a) Fig. AgoraXIl, p. 378, no. 2037, pl. 98. Gll:4 Diam.
15.4;
rim,
and inside.
many
base
rest.
18.5;
Diam.
of
rim
foot
of
One-third
of
No
most
and
ves
inside, gloss painted of underside. in a dab at center
second
hard,
light red
medium
dull
of wall
to bowl
stand
restored.
underneath.
rests on rim. brown Streaky, spit and in broad red outside strokes;
two
Classical
few medium
fabric:
cooking
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 6/6).
white,
rim
and
smoothed
translucent
some fine
to
gray.
Probably goes with lid 742, although the fabric of the lid has more sparkling inclusions. Same fabric: 197,198, and 202. of mostly
ca.
350-290,
deposited
ca.
250
34, PL 27
202
(P6973) Fig. 35
D-E
one
H. rest
spit Nonstandard
restored. fabric:
light brown fine
of
same
46.7.
hard, gritty, light red (2.5YR 6/6), (ca.
Join
Diam.
and wall,
of
burning. Join of of Traces edges
of
material
(P 4463) Fig. AgoraXll, p. 378, no. 2034, pi. 98. F 11:2, upper fill Foot,
rim
grooved,
sparkling. Small fragment
Context
of wall
of
and
the
199
half
half
rest.
31.5;
gray
half of 3rd century
21.0;
34, PL 28
light red (2.5YR 6/6).
translucent
Context
on
and
white.
no. 7, pis. 3:8, 21:c. p. 56, of ca. 375-325, with Context
to rim
base
of edge inside
slightly grainy, fine
of
burning. Thick,
rim; position
H.
1966,
H.
290s
35.0.
sel. Similar: P 13569 (AgoraXll, p. 378, no. 2036, fig. 19 [O 18:2]). Same fabric: 197, 201, and 202. Cf. McCredie
Rest.
and
gray
Fig.
over
of base,
cal ridges over
partially missing. in section,
inside
gloss
medium
dull
few medium
white,
below
378,
fabric: hard, fairly fine, red (2.5YR
some
Inclusions:
translucent
201
Most of rim and small parts of wall preserved,
5/6).
ca.
of
1992, p. 29, n. 66.
and Oakley
one handle and restored; No recurved burning. Large rim. below nestled Streaky,
rim. Classical cooking
Context
in same fabric: P 14852, from
350-late
Diam.
26.4;
Part
48.0.
Diam.
irregular few shiny
white,
fill of E 6:2 (P8567).
34
no. 2035, fig. 19; Rotroff C12:2
ca.
of
restored.
fine
Fig. 1966,
coarse
red,
200 (P 8566) E 6:1, lower fill
underneath.
375-325,
many
dull
sparkling. 3rd century?
Fragments of another mixed fill at E 19.
sparkling. Found with 198 but they are probably not from the same pot (paceAgora XII). A third from the same deposit: P 8304 (AgoraXll, p. 378, no. 2039, pi. 98). Same fabric: 198, 201, and 202. ca.
Inclusions: coarse
to
to very coarse dark translucent white.
52.8.
of
Small, spools.
(ESCHARA)
brown gloss inside. Classical cooking fabric: hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6). Inclusions: many fine translucent gray, few coarse red and black and medium dull white; few
Context
wall. three
with
23.2.
most of wall and all of rim missing. two
exterior
handle
interior. fine
gray; very few late 4th-early
Context 14.0;
lower some
red,
angular Date:
C12:2 P.H.
on
marks
Bolster
225-175.
SERVING DISH
n.
wheel
spout.
from
missing coarse
43.0.
wall, and rim, with
Prominent
Corinthian tile fabric: medium hard, gritty, thick, light red (2.5YR 6/6) with light gray core, light self-slip (pinker than 5YR 7/6) originally probably on all surfaces but now
P21:4 H.
restored. straight-sided
of ca. 250-170
Context
196
(ca. 5Y 7/3).
hard, gritty, pale yellow
coarse
Inclusions:
CATALOGUE
dark,
some
surface coarse
8-9:1 14.0;
Center Stand
and
est. Diam. of bowl
floor made
33.0. and
most separately
of
stand and
and
joined
rim missing. leather
when
hard. Streaky, brown gloss inside. Classical cooking fabric: medium hard, fairly smooth, heavy, light red (2.5YR 6/8).
KRATERS some
Inclusions: and
coarse
to
medium
dull
medium
white,
translucent
coarse
few
red;
gray fine
few
spar
kling. From the same deposit: 203. Same fabric: 197, 198, and 201. Cf. P 2225 and P 2226 for examples of similar shape and date, probably made of Classical cooking fab ric (Rotroff 1983, pp. 284-285, nos. 14, 15, fig. 7. pi. 51 [H 6:9, lower fill, north chamber]). ca. 325-275,
of
Context
with
of
disturbance
small
267
brown (7.5YR 6/4), very pale brown slip (ca. 10YR 7/4). Inclusions: fine gray and white; few sparkling. Small fragments of two others in different fabrics from same deposit: P 4710, P 4711. Context of ca. 300-250 205 (P 11535) E 5:2, lower fill H.
late
3rd to early 2nd century
16.4;
of
ing; part
203
(P 6976) 8-9:1
P.H.
5.3; Diam.
Stand
to ochre
of
wash
floor
fairly smooth, heavy, light brown some
fine
gray;
few
to medium
dull
dull,
Thin, missing. Nonstandard
inside.
soft,
Inclusions:
(7.5YR6/4). few medium
white,
streaky,
fabric:
translucent
probably guide smoothed underneath.
lic dark
gray
on
rim,
(5YR 6/6),
the same deposit: 202. Cf. P 2225, P 2226 (Rotroff 1983, nos. 14, 15, pp. 284-285, fig. 7. pi. 51 [H 6:9, lower fill, north chamber]) of ca. 325-275,
Context
with
small
of
disturbance
late
(P4707) Fig. 35 5.9; Diam.
of base
(at
Half of floor and upper part of stand. No burning. Stand with vertical wall, flaring toward bottom. Two broad concentric
on
grooves
floor.
dull
Thin,
floor. Pinkish buff fabric 2? Medium
dull
brown
on
gloss
of handle.
top
ca.
of
coarse white, very and shiny white. Roman and Byz slight few
white,
translucent
red,
gray, with
250-180,
206 (P 12165) N20:4 P.H.
17.2;
Most
of
of base
Diam. base
and
restored;
part
translucent
floor
and
wall
preserved, stand and
of
Join
missing. stand
underneath;
gray
onto
thrown
probably
fabric: soft, gritty, light red (2.5YR
coarse some dull white, many and 7 (to mm), large angular,
Inclusions:
6/6).
20.7. of
part
upper
smoothed
35, Pl. 29
Fig.
basin. Nonstandard
10.0.
top)
on
disturbance
partly bowl
G12:6 P.H.
medium
dark
antine
3rd to early 2nd century
204
some
Context
sparkling.
miss
on groove stand. Join handle. Metal
positioning Recurved and
31.2.
fabric: hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow light brown surface (ca. 7.5YR 6/4). Inclu
Nonstandard sions:
inside,
rim
handle
Concentric
to bowl
gloss
of
one
and
restored. in
medium
From
rim
and
of base
edge
est. Diam.
15.1;
of wall
to
underside,
28.0.
center
and
brown
35
Fig.
D-E
of base
Diam.
Three-fourths
35, Pl. 29
Fig.
medium dark
red
dish brown; many fine sparkling.
hard, grainy, light
Context
of
ca.
two Roman
with
110-50,
intrusions
KRATERS Standard
Krater,
209
Form
(P 17042) Fig. 36
B 20:2, lower fill
Disk Foot
H.
207 (P 6324) E 14:1, lower fill H. of
rest.
24.5;
rim
36, PL 29
Fig.
Diam.
of
foot
11.3;
Diam.
of body
25.2,
23.8.
Over half of foot and parts of wall restored; fragment of as
rim
garland of 3-5
hung with thin
dots
Hellenistic
in dull
between stem,
the olive
representing waterjug of ca.
Context nistic
Decoration
missing.
though
fabric 325-200,
brown:
an X under
with
shoulder, olive
opposing with alternating
leaves
fruit; 1.
on
handles,
substantial
each
Helle
disturbance
H. Diam.
24.9; of
One restored. preserved. Context
Diam. rim
of
Traces
pitted. ric 2.
foot
11.5;
rest.
Diam.
of body
25.2;
24.8.
ca.
225-175
body, No fabric
and trace 1.
section
of
Context
of
decoration
ca.
225-165,
in
with
Ring Foot orFoot Unknown 210 (P 7728) E 3:1, lower fill
of
of decoration
rim
23.5,
Two
most
nonjoining and neck,
of
fillets on
(a) 15.0; max. rim 21.5.
of
in dull
of large parts of foot Edge chipped. Hellenistic waterjug
12.5,
of body
of
25.0,
rim
red.
Pink
Late
Hellenistic
temper
fab
intru
sions
of rim
handle,
of
36, PL 29
Fig.
foot
Both handles, half of body and over half of rim miss ing, edge of foot chipped. Surface badly eroded and
P.H.
208 (P 11673) M 20:4, lower fill
of
rows
handle.
Late
est. Diam.
24.2;
24.0.
parts
p. dim.
16.0;
est. Diam.
Hellenistic
of
ca.
of
body
small segment preserving all of one handle and body, a restored. Decoration partly
Fragment on neck, myrtle garland from handle attachments,
voids. Context
(b)
fragments of lower
the other. brown:
hanging handles.
36, Pl. 30
Fig.
325-250
waterjug
fabric
traces
of
transverse
zigzag lines
2. Many
small
CATALOGUE
268 211 (P4184) E15:2 10.4; handle
of
groups
of
rim
39.5.
of rim
and
segment in handle from
and
slip. Context
Hori
wall.
upper
it gouge something against resting was wet. Decoration in dull black: when clay beginning one vertical two that decorated and of garland shoulder, lines below handle attachment. Hellenistic each diagonal zontal
waterjug fabric 2. Similar: fragment of shoulder of another, from same deposit (P 4185). decoration, Context of ca. 275-200
ivy
212 (P 393) H 6:4, POU H.
P.H.
stemless
of
19.7,
all
no
foot
10.0;
of
rim
restored.
fabric:
trace
5/6); (2.5YR to coarse translucent no
white;
gray,
213 (P 4882) H 6:4, unknown P.H.
of
of
Diam.
myrtle
No
of
decoration
to coarse
medium
small
dull
voids.
36, PL 30
Fig.
on
fabric
(P 17985)
Boulter
36, PL 30
Fig.
1953,
no.
under
91,
p.
A 18:1, lower fill H. 26.3; Diam. of foot
one
and
rim,
handle
rim,
26.8, of rim
large part of body, about a third of on
to left
brown:
in dull
Decoration
shoulder,
body, ivy garland on transverse lines on handles, neck, gloss fabric of rim. Pink surface 1, pink slip. temper some with of ca. 275-200, Context 2nd-century on
line
of
of foot
and
one
and
37, PL 31
foot
Diam.
14.5;
lower
handle
of
to
most
body,
body
28.0,
of upper
body in dull
Decoration
preserved. on shoulder,
right
herringbone
on
transverse
on
lines
one
side with
to left below
garland stem single and vertical
to
on
left
lines
wavy upper
it,
neck,
preserved
lines flanking one
(probably two diagonal
below handle
Pink
Fine
handles.
temper
fabric 1, trace of light slip. Context of ca. 225-175 37, PL 31
of
Diam.
25.9;
foot
of
12.2,
of
24.3,
body
rim
24.2. of wall
Parts
13.0, of body
on
two bands
Diam.
orange: ivy garland a double-stemmed
restored.
restored.
fab
temper
29.2.
One-fourth and
99.
27.0.
Part of underside,
Pink
Fig.
est.
28.2;
rim
H.
214
Fine
219 (P 26269) Fig. Rotroff 1996, p. 14, fig. 11. M 18:10
handle.
under
2.
waterjug of ca. 260-200
Context
lines
intertwined
shoulder,
shoulder.
slip (7.5YR 6/4).
(P 28649)
vertical),
depth
handle and small part of neck and upper wall. in dull dark brown: ivy touched rim. Decoration
garland Hellenistic
of
part
ivy garland on shoulder,
neck.
with garland herringbone of of pattern part diagonal
18.0.
One Handle
on
garland
with
neck
P2L4
body
red smooth, very hard, medium Inclusions: many
slip. some
Many sparkling. of ca. 260-200
Context
rest.
of
Nonstandard
preserved.
and
in thin, dull brown:
context
H. and
rim
36, PL 30
19.5.
rim
of wall
Part
37, Pl. 30
26.0.
of
segment
Decoration
transverse
handle,
Fig.
est. Diam.
9.6;
218 Diam.
each
fabric 1, traces of light
temper
225-175
ric 1, light brown
Fig.
18.4;
Pink
ca.
of
Small
with
an X below
dots,
217 (P 2980) Area J 13
No
Rest.
three
lines on handles. est. Diam.
P.H. One
36, PL 30
Fig.
rim
and
of
one-third
and
in dull
Decoration
brown:
one
handle garland
herringbone
to left on shoulder with broad band above and below, or radiating diagonal pairs of leaves below handles, blobs lines on rim. Pinkish buff fabric 3:medium hard, slightly grainy, light brown (7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions: few large some rock, pink More fragments in tin. tion
mate
Context
ca.
of
black
small
and
same
with
red; many sparkling. and type of decora
shape
225-165
rial
220 215 (P 18771) M2L1 H. of
rim
Fig. of
foot
of
12.5,
body
20.9;
rest.
of
rim,
and
both
Deco
restored.
handles
ration in dull red-orange: ivy garland on shoulder. Pink temper fabric 1, pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). of
Context
ca.
P.H.
20.5;
One
handle
upper
garland
to
of
est. Diam.
7.5;
in dull
Decoration
garland of rim,
herringbone face vertical
attachment.
handle Context
ca.
of
rim
26.0.
and small part of rim and upper purplish to left on
red: neck,
traces band
below handle, lozenges 1. fabric Pink temper
on
shoulder,
above
and
band
on
below
200-160
250-170
216 (P 28650) P2L4
and
Qll:3
wall.
and wall, about half of neck and
37, Pl. 31
Fig.
Half of one handle
Diam.
23.5.
Part of underside three-fourths
(P 19787)
P.H.
Diam.
22.2;
37, PL 30
37, PL 30
Fig.
221 (P 13702) G 5:3, lower fill H.
Diam. and
of body part
body preserved. left on shoulder
of
rim
29.1,
of
the
other,
Decoration with
berries
over
of
foot
14.7,
of
body
29.3,
of
rim
of
rim,
31.0.
28.4.
in thin
Diam.
30.1;
37, PL 31
Fig.
half
of
brown:
represented
Center
rim ivy by
and
one
preserved
of
floor,
handle on
one
of body, large parts Decoration restored. side
only:
wavy
one-fourth in dull line
between
orange broad
KRATERS on
bands
beneath
swags
plain
on
band
another
shoulder,
two
rim,
each
neck
Center
below
and
handle
attachment.
of ca.
a few
with
175-150,
Hellenistic
H.
est.
27.8;
rim
38, PL 31
Fig. of
Diam.
foot
Diam.
12.5;
and
restored; ange:
of
edge line
wavy
or
light slip Another
foot
of body
handle.
Pink
P.H.
P 14233
of ca.
Context
rim or
in dull on
bands
three
neck,
1, traces
fabric
of
decoration
very
a few
earlier-2nd-century
H.
of
foot
and
body
38, PL 31
of
8.4,
small
16.5,
body
of
segment
with
band
broad
above
and
below,
of
rim
rim
in dull red: wavy line at junction
Decoration neck,
of
Diam.
17.9;
Parts
some
Est.
of body and broad
ca.
of
P.H.
(E 14:1,
38, PL 31
Fig. rest. Diam.
25.7;
of
Diam.
27.8;
body
Over half of rim, less than half of body, and one handle
on
Foot
restored.
neck,
very pale brown Context
of
in dull
Decoration
wavy blob
large
on
line below
shoulder, Pink
handle.
temper
ca.
or
200-125
Diam.
fabric
1,
38, PL 32 of
11.4,
of
26.8,
body
rim
26.4.
dish
One
and
handle
in dull one
the upper
neck,
about
half
orange: flanked
of
body line
wavy by broad
and on bands,
rim
missing. on and
belly four
broad
pendent lines below handle. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6), possible traces of light slip. In clusions:
coarse
few some
rock;
Context
to
large
dull
white
and
coarse
pink
Rest.
H.
Diam.
26.9; of
of
pointed
of
foot
14.0;
38, PL 32 rest.
lower
one-third of
fragments of lower
wall.
petals
of
face
in red broad,
(small, body outlined by
at base,
broad,
large attachments
handle
small
splotch and
ivy
shoulder
at
with
to right on neck with
ivy garland
bearing
below,
on
spiral
running
stems
or
leaves on
of
one
tendrils,
on gloss fabric:
underside,
gloss below handles.
some
Inclusions:
shoulder). fine black
and
red;
few fine
Atypical
to coarse
fine
sparkling.
similar rim fragments: a neck
of
fragment 104
Diam.
of
body
with
dull
few
white,
round
small,
Many
229, P 4211. Another
ivy garland
(Thompson similar
[F 15:2]). Closely a closed from
vessel
in Late
Hellenistic
1934, p. 418, no. E 135, fig. decoration with
on
occurs
a narrower
foot,
frag from
a Sullan deposit on the South Slope of the Acropolis 2000, p. 323, no. 80, fig. 25). (Vogeikoff-Brogan Context of late 2nd century or slightly later, possibly Sullan
destruction
229
(P 6038)
ovolo.
some some
debris
39, Pl. 32
Fig. 15
3.6;
est. Diam.
one-sixth
medium sparkling.
33.0.
of rim.
Nonstandard
(2.5YR 6/6); 26.3.
on
calyx
to handles),
tied
PH.
Fig.
Diam. rim
about
preserving
of another, part foot and one-third
stippled line, with tall overlapping pointed petals above), stippled swags tied with bows on upper body (perhaps
About
27.8;
30.0.
and
Lotus
AreaD-E
sparkling. of ca. 115-86
226 (P 16398) F 19:3, lower fill
voids,
Many
on outer ovolo separately. Stamped at base of handle. Decoration
orange.
ments
Decoration
sparkling.
Thumbprint
context: P 3393 foot
depend
voids.
Fig. of
many
sections
segment
made
Closely
26.2;
on
hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), pink slip (ca. 5YR 8/4) on exterior and upper interior (to
bands
later
slightly
which
medium
much
orange, two broad
slip (ca. 10YR 7/4).
225 (P8571) E 6:2, upper fill H.
rim
of
small
band
broad
from
line
300-250
nonjoining one handle
smaller
30.7.
preserved; effaced:
dark;
least one band below,
rest. H.
17.2;
rim
Diam.
rim,
wall,
175-125
224 (P 14339) E15:4
above
of one
part
ivy garland
elongated.
ca.
of
rectilinear,
Context
of
of
rim.
krater of the same fabric: P 6325
with
and wall,
in dull brown:
neck
fine
many and
large
Nine
slip.
Another lower fill).
on
rinceau
36.0.
228 (P 20254) Fig. 39 Area B 17, lot nn 280
16.0.
irregular,
rim
neck,
triangles with dots between them. Atypical fabric: hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6); no trace of slip.
restored.
Pink temper fabric 3, white
curving lines below handles.
of rim,
stub. Decoration
Context
Fig.
of
segment
shoulder,
39, PL 32
Fig.
est. Diam.
12.3;
handle
pieces
223 (P 8582) E 6:2, lower fill
Roman
Early
1934, Possibly the same shape: P 4040 (Thompson p. 367, no. C 67, fig. 122, there called a lekane [G 6:2]).
(S 19:2, lower fill). with
175-150,
but
neck,
a few
with
115-86,
227 (P 20865) D17:3
27.2,
and
Decoration
temper
on
line
preserved.
Kraters
Inclusions:
self-slip. with wavy
poorly preserved:
of wall
one-fourth
chipped. two broad
between
below
lozenges
about
of decoration
fabric 2.
pieces
Small
handle
trace
No
ca.
of
Context
27.5.
One
restored.
waterjug
Other
222 (P 13701) G 5:3, lower fill
over half of body, and small
of underside,
rim
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
of
of
parts
Pink temper fabric 1, possible traces of lighter slip. With similar decoration: P 20438 (D 17:4, middle fill); P 27224 (E 29:2). Context
269
fabric:
pink
Overhanging soft,
slightly
slip over all (5YR 8/3).
translucent
gray,
few
with
lip stamped grainy, coarse
light
red
Inclusions: dull
white;
CATALOGUE
270 Closely similar to 228. Chiefly Hellenistic context with much 230 (P 4572) Area F-G 13, lot T 101 P.H.
est. Diam.
4.6;
Small
of
segment
Wall
very late Roman 39, PL 32
Fig.
35.0. on
ovolo
Stamped
rim.
2nd
early
P.H.
est. Diam.
5.1;
Small
ovolo;
pattern;
parallel
mostly fine
many Context
Max.
design lines. Pink
scalloped
rim:
cable
temper
fab
pink slip outside some
b.c.
on
coarse
pink
(5YR rock;
a.d.
to 1st century
pot
and
Roman"
context,
to
according
39, PL 32
Fig. Diam.
dim.
8.9;
and
small
of handle
5.4; W.
of handle
rim
of
segment thickened
outturned,
preserved. Attached
rim. hollow
by flat border. Nonstandard slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6).
fabric: fairly soft, Inclusions: many medium
shiny
sparkling.
Context
5.3.
some
rock,
gray
elongated
angular
is
containing convex center
has
surrounded
many
Open rim
at
rotelle
rotelle
Shape perhaps as EtThasVll, G (3rd century).
I 14
P.H.
inclusions.
sparkling
with broad, strap handle large, a Each end of rattling object.
coarse
(P 3480) PL 32
Area
p.
with
white;
232
fabric:
(pottery discarded)
Handle Stamped
sparkling. of 1st century
Handle Nonstandard
5.6.
Inclusions:
missing.
notebook
39, PL 32
Fig.
ric? Soft, light red (2.5YR 6/6); 7/4),
Some
Possibly "Late Hellenistic
40.0.
of rim.
segment
exterior.
233 (P30431) P2L4
231 (P 33843) Area A-B 10, lot n0 62
three
a krater.
Pink
a.d.
century
of
bor ridges, attachment
by
hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6); white
on
slip
rim.
above. groove of fragment.
by wheel-run near bottom
left,
medium
temper fabric 1, white slip on exterior (ca. 10YR 8/2). Context chiefly of last quarter of 2nd century to early 1st century (Sullan debris?), with some Roman of late 1st to
at
Parts
Wall of large vessel. fragment. convex outlined with surfaces,
tongues dered
ca.
of
p. 131, no. 2, pis. LVIIL2,
225-175
LEKANAI 1: Offset
Form
Lekane,
Small parts of wall and rim missing; partially restored. Thin walled. Dull black gloss on interior; incised wavy
Upturned
Rim,
Handles
wine
Ring Foot
234
(P 28074) no.
97,
p.
39, PL 33
Fig.
1974, p. 238, no. 58, fig. 6, pi. 33; Liidorf
Miller
L
103,
of
of
Diam.
18.5;
handle
and
in antiquity: on interior.
gloss
(P 18777)
foot
rim
of
14.0, of
40.2.
H. rim
and
wall
parts one lead
clamp preserved. fabric: soft,
Nonstandard
(ca. 5YR 6/6),
dish yellow
restored. No grainy,
some dark;
red
sparkling.
39, PL 33
Fig. foot
9.6,
of
rim
23.8.
to brown
red
Dull
gloss
on
of upper body
interior.
Pinkish
1:medium hard, fine, reddish yellow (5YR some medium dull white Inclusions: surface. lighter
translucent
and
Others
in
gray;
many
contemporary
approximately
of
ca.
deposit:
250-210
H.
10.4;
Diam.
of
Diam.
9.2; few
39, PL 33
Fig. foot
8.3,
of
rim
poorly Pink wall.
21.3.
made.
linked
Incised fabric
temper
miss
handles
restored,
hoops
1.
250-170
of
8.2,
39, PL 33 12A layer
of
but
translucent
24.9. in
Decoration
band
leaving ghost): radiate
which
pointed
by band at top of floor; band on rim.
fabric:
Inclusions:
from
floor,
rim
rim missing.
and
(mostly missing,
center
Nonstandard
6/4).
foot
of
of wall
pieces
petals, bordered
soft,
fine,
brown
light
dull white,
few medium
7.5YR
(ca.
and
black,
gray.
23.3.
of mid-3rd
Context
to at
239 (P 19713) P 10:2, lower fill H.
236 (P 16287) N 21:4, lower fill
and
rim
Foot similar to that of 235.
sparkling.
P 6331-6333 (E 14:1, lower fill). P 6331 is also small (Diam. 26.0 cm). Foot similar to that of 238. Context
A
around
buff fabric 6/6),
and
238 (P 29747) Fig. Area N 6, lot BA 568: pit at N/5-6/1,
dull brown
over half of rim and much
One handle, restored.
of
Diam.
10.0;
7.9,
ca.
of
Context
of rim
foot
of wall
irregular on upper
ing. Very and dots
H.
235 (P 16288) N 21:4, lower fill
of
half
than
to coarse
medium few
Diam.
8.8;
Less
trace
traces of light slip. Inclusions:
translucent medium gray, many in voids, few medium dull white of ca. 325-275 Context
H.
39, Pl. 33
Fig.
M2L1
One Mended
of ca. 250-210
Context 237
F16:8 H.
fabric.
fine
2000,
68.
pi.
on rim. Attic gloss than other examples.
under Finer
parts
Diam.
19.9-21.6; of
Part of
floor
foot
missing, and wall
least mid-2nd
century
40, Pl. 33
Fig. of
foot
14.6,
about
one-sixth
restored.
Groove
of
rim of
36.0-41.0. rim
at outer
and
small
edge
of
271
LEKANAI rim
doubled. partially from removed
when
on handles.
and
Irregular Dull wheel.
light reddish brown sions.
A
Some
(5YR 6/4).
inclu
sparkling
ca.
of
(Group E) 6.2;
One
handle
and
inside
gloss sions:
265-200
est. Diam.
P.H.
medium
voids.
few
Context
probably sagged on interior gloss medium hard, fine,
fabric:
Nonstandard
F15:2
shape, brown
on
and
34.0. of rim. Dull brownish segment Nonstandard top of handle.
light brown
hard, grainy,
some
small
round
and
pink
orange fabric:
Inclu
(7.5YR 6/4). some
gray,
translucent,
few dull white; few sparkling. 240 (P 11672) M 20:4, lower fill H.
Diam.
14.6;
One
of
foot
of
11.7, of
half
about
handle,
40, PL 33
Fig. rim
35.0. most
and
rim,
re
of wall
stored; full profile preserved. Dull brownish gray gloss in broad strokes on interior. Fine Pink temper 1.
H.
on
ca.
of
Context
H.
foot
grooves
on
gloss
of
12.4,
restored.
parts of wall on undersides
Large
gray
of
Pink
Small
horizontal
1.
fabric
temper
ca.
of
H.
stacking of dull dark
Remains
of
most
of foot, and
of wall
of
Diam.
13.1;
Part
handle.
40, PL 34
foot
of
11.6,
rim
rim
restored.
Thin
brown
32.8.
one
of underside, Stacking on
gloss
half
and
handle, on
groove interior.
temper
1.
fabric
ca.
of
Context
H.
Diam.
11.6;
Rim
foot
of
10.5, Dull
rim
orange
gloss
in Pink
Another,
deposit: P 29302
fabric
temper
P 13697. Also
onto
painted
light red to pale
interior. Pink temper fabric 3, mottled to 2.5Y7/4). yellow (2.5YR6/6
1, from
same
the
from a contemporary
of ca.
with
175-150,
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
244 (P 28486) P20:2 H.
12.5;
full
restored; served.
Five on
profile
broad,
interior.
slip on exterior Context
of
foot
11.9;
rest.
Diam.
H.
radiating Pink temper
150-110,
in fabric,
shape,
very center of dark strokes fabric
1, very
a few
earlier
Pink
Fine
even
color
of
gloss:
40
of
of
foot
floor,
parts restored.
handles
41, PL 34
Fig. of
11.0, of wall,
rim
over
32.3.
half
of rim,
Interior
partially fabric temper
and
burned.
parts Dull
on interior. 1. Pink gloss a disk foot. with only example a few of ca. 175-150, with Context earlier-2nd-century
pieces
Form
of
H.
floor
red pale
brown
at bottom Diam.
13.0;
but
Complete
this
foot
10.1, Dull
of
rim
28.8. gloss
orange-brown
on
of rim. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, grainy, light reddish brown (ca. 5YR 6/4),
of
Another
of
of
cracked.
interior and most
upper medium
pieces
(P 3400) Fig. 40 1934, p. 416, no. E 123, fig. 122; Bats Thompson 1988, p. 32, fig. 4:24; Liidorf 2000, p. 153, no. LR 495, pi. 169.
Shallow
61. F 16:8,
31.2.
pre to brown
2:
Ring Foot 249 42, PL 35 (P 27974) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 207; Ltidorf 2000, p. 95, no. L 87,
traces with
strokes.
to ca. a.d.
b.c
1st century
Diam.
13.4;
P 27990 245
swirling
orange The
of body
and much
for
except
rim
of
(10YR 8/4) ca.
in broad,
Disk Foot
pl. of
of foot, over half of rim,
Half
gloss
41, PL 34
Fig.
Diam.
of
Context
Lekane,
a few
and
deposit:
(I 5:1, II).
Context
35.2.
and wall, upper restored. Thumbprint red to brown Dull gloss
wall
and
of handle.
identical
of both
30.5.
rim
rim
1.
fabric
Center
Heavy.
chipped.
of
floor,
interior
Nearly
40, PL 34
Fig. of
gray.
41, PL 34
of
11.4,
248 (P 13698) G 5:3, lower fill
225-165
243 (P 13502) G 5:3, lower fill
translucent
P 14262 (R 19:1). Aside from this and 247, the only ex ample with a thumbprinted handle isP 4039 (Thompson 1934, p. 367, no. C 66, fig. 122 [G 6:2]).
underside
Pink
foot
at center on
temper
H.
of foot,
parts
painted
Fig.
of
one-third
handle,
impression
250-170
242 (P 26270) M 18:10
and medium
Fig.
Diam.
13.0;
One small
Similar and from the same deposit: P 18773. Context
Nonstandard
(ca. 7.5YR6/4), very pale Inclusions: many fine to
100-50
247 (P 21738) R10:l
34.9.
rim
of handles.
interior.
dull brown gloss
strokes.
40, PL 34
Fig.
Diam.
17.1;
ca.
36.2.
Thin,
broad
with
white
shiny of
Context
241 (P 18772) M21:l
interior
rim
of
11.9,
of wall missing.
fabric: soft, grainy, light brown brown surface (ca. 10YR 7/4). medium
225-175
foot
of
Diam.
13.7;
41, PL 34
Fig.
Small pieces painted
to that of P 18773, a similar
Fabric closely similar lekane from M 21:1.
150-110
246 (P3831) M23:l
painted fabric
ca.
of
Context
lighter from
surface. the
same
Some deposit,
sparkling more
inclusions. carefully
glazed:
(Miller 1974, p. 238, no. 57, fig. 6, pl. 33). Others
shape
from
approximately
contemporary
deposits:
250 (with thumbprint impressions on handles); P 25691 (AgoraXIl, p. 364, no. 1820, fig. 15, pl. 85 [A 17:3]). Context
of
ca.
325-275
CATALOGUE
272
42, PL 35 2000, p. 88,
250
(P 19699) Fig. AgoraXll, p. 364, no. 1819, pi. 85; Liidorf
no.
L 31,
23.
pi.
P10:l H.
Diam.
15.2;
of
foot
rim
of
One-third
of
13.8,
and
rim
to medium
fine
few medium
white,
in voids; some sparkling.
dull white other
For
and
gray,
lekanai
early
same
with
and
proportions
thumbprint handles, see P 6389, P 4471, P 8311 (AgoraXll, pp. 364-365, nos. 1818, 1834, 1838, fig. 15, pis. 85-87), from deposits mostly dating in the second half of the 4th century (D 15:3, F 11:2, and C 12:2); and a rim fragment in Thompson's Group A (P 4057, no. A 61, 326, 1934, p. fig. 122 [G 13:4, lower Thompson fill]). Another appears in a 2nd-century context (P 27223 [E 29:2]), possibly residual, or conceivably a numbering being similarly rims,
and
(4th-century in the dug grooved 278 and
see
a bowl,
the
cf. 295.
same
Large and Heavy: Ring Foot 255 (P 7722) Fig. E 3:1, lower fill H.
Dull
brown
coarse few
One
coarse
foot
of
10.6, of
translucent
red; many of ca. Context
rim
25.6.
and
floor,
26.0;
Most
12.4;
areas
Large stored.
of
parts
and
foot
some
gray,
medium
few
dark,
on
small
and
of wall
rim
of
8.5,
coarse
dull
gray; another of
rim
of
segments
re
H.
28.1;
missing.
at
light groove
Dull
red
medium
inside
gloss
smooth,
hard,
lighter surface. Inclusions:
same
black,
red,
a different
with
deposit,
trans
and
250-170
few
Inclusions:
Late
substantial
coarse
Helle
disturbance
wall,
upper
of
Diam.
inside, gloss of 1, traces
one
and on
43, Pl. 36
Fig. foot
of underside,
part
Diam.
of
over
half
and
Dull
restored.
handle
rim,
rest.
of foot,
14.0;
on
35.7.
of rim
and
brown
reddish
Pink
handle.
rim
fabric
temper
surface.
light
Cf. P 4089 (Thompson 1934, p. 389, no. D 65, fig. 122 [H 16:4]), also of Pink temper fabric 1). of ca.
Context
with
175-150,
a few
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
253 (P 16289) N 21:4, lower fill 12.1;
Diam.
Hellenistic
of
waterjug
Context
ca.
of
42, PL 35
Fig. foot
floor, most
of
Center
rest.
12.2;
and
of rim
Diam.
both
of
handles
rim
33.2.
restored.
fabric 1.
250-210
almost
27.1;
of
Diam.
foot
13.4;
restored.
partly
est. Diam.
Traces
of
of
Context
42, PL 35
Fig. of
est. Diam.
rim
to coarse no
dull
sparkling.
white,
Early
and
translucent
ca.
200-150,
dull
a few
with
rim
of
orange
surface
37.0.
most
in
gloss
(2.5Y8/2). and
3rd-century
pieces
(P 28434) Fig. 44
259
38.0.
black,
Roman
rim
of and
of wall
three-fourths
handle,
43, PL 36
Fig.
side. Pink temper fabric 3, white
One handle and part of wall and rim. Scalloped handle and slightly plate. Atypical fabric: medium hard, grainy Inclusions: powdery, thick, very pale brown (10YR 7/4). few medium
H.
missing;
254 (P 32658) R13:9 12.2;
258 (P 11424) F 5:1, middle fill One
Foot Unknown
gray;
of
parts
wall
262.
ca.
of
and
foot, upper
inside. Very
257 (P 13699) G 5:3, lower fill
30.2.
Disk Foot
P.H.
see
foot,
and
fabric:
sparkling. the from
35.3.
of
and medium
white
few
rim
half
around.
(ca. 5YR 6/6),
reddish yellow
Center
surface (self-slip?). lighter some translucent gray; sparkling. with of ca. 325-200, Context
nearly of rim
One-third
rim, partway edge rim. Nonstandard
lucent
of
13.0,
of
and
few
foot
42, PL 35
Fig. foot
of
gray (lime?) deposit
inner
form
7/4),
H.
43, PL 35
Fig.
underside,
restored.
For
Attic fine fabric? Fairly hard, smooth, fine, pink (7.5YR
nistic
a con
From
P 7723.
deposit:
gray;
transparent
325-250
Diam.
of
Context
Diam.
same
some fine to
Inclusions: to coarse
(P 18774)
Heavy of
sparkling. 325-285
252 (P 6330) E 14:1, lower fill H.
ca.
of
Context
42, PL 35
wall restored. Traces of dull black gloss inside and on fabric: medium hard, gritty, light red rim. Nonstandard (2.5YR 6/6), pink surface (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: many coarse
29.3.
part of rim restored. rim. Nonstandard fab
M2L1
center
handle,
on
and
(5YR 7/4).
the
rim
and
temporary deposit: P 4056 and P 4058 (Thompson 1934, p. 326, nos. A 60, A 62, fig. 122 [G 13:4, lower fill]).
wall of
43, PL 35
of
11.2,
handle,
and medium
white
sparkling. from Another
256
Fig.
Diam.
foot
inside
gloss
dull
H.
9.9;
of one
ric: soft, gritty, pink
325-285
251 (P 19700) P10:l H.
Diam.
of wall,
18.5;
Much
For time). later grooved
For
280.
ca.
of
Context
on
rim
at
was
material
Hellenistic
Early section
same
3: Deep
Form
Lekane,
with
mix-up
300-265
im
Thumbprint
pressions on tops of handles. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, dark red, fairly fine, red (2.5YR 5/6). Some medium translucent
ca.
of
Context
36.2.
restored.
wall
Cf. P 14140 (AgoraXIl, p. 365, no. 1837, pl. 87 [wrong 1836 on plate]) from 5th-century deposit ly captioned with some later material, of which this ispresumably part. Cf. also the scalloped handle on a heavy basin (321).
P20:2 H.
26.7;
One ing.
Thin,
of
Diam.
handle
and
streaky
of handle. Atypical
foot
15.0;
est. Diam. of
three-fourths brown
gloss
on
rim
inside,
rim
of and
rim,
fabric: soft, grainy, pink
38.0.
wall and
miss top
(5YR 7/4),
LEKANAI surface.
lighter
some
Inclusions:
coarse
to very
medium
and rust red; few fine sparkling. in this deposit: Possibly an early remnant
hard,
dull white curved
tucked
rim,
in 3rd
parallels Context
and
handles,
Fabric century. ca. 150-110, with
of
all
fabric
a few
best
earlier
H.
of
Diam.
20.3;
of
are more
44, PL 36
Nonstandard
foot
some
and
Context
of
of
sparkling.
H.
brown and
of
on
fabric 1:medium dull
restored.
of
parts
handles.
handle
Another
with
Context
of
coarse
many few
white,
translucent
coarse
to
(5YR
Both
ric
some
gray,
of
foot
gloss
another
of not
possibly inside
Diam. rim,
correctly on rim.
and
of
rim
40.5.
most
and
of
from
same
the
ca.
of wall
Shiny fab temper
Pink
One
(2.5YR some
of
Diam.
13.4;
of
Nonstandard
coarse
a
with
ring
nistic
of
rest. and
rim,
hard,
many white;
shiny
of
Diam.
rim
ca.
16.0;
Diam.
parts
hard,
smooth,
(ca. 7.5YR 7/4).
translucent
gray,
few
but
shape
1979, 2nd
later
cf.
date,
Hayes
14, 15 (Knossos,
figs.
nos.
pp. 344-345, to 3rd century
2nd
D900-D902,
a.d.).
115-86
325-200,
of of wall
4:
Shallow,
Fig.
46
Thumbprint
of
Diam.
18.2;
foot
rim,
of underside, and one handle
nonjoining 1. fabric
of
24.6, of
part Rim
45.8. of wall
one-sixth
second
restored;
fragment.
rim
foot,
on
faceted
Pink
top.
and as
exists
handle
temper
see
also of
disk 270, with ca. 250-170
foot.
one-third
(P 4035) Fig. 46 1934, p. 367, no. C 62, fig. 122; Bats 1988, Thompson
re
of wall
red rock, Similar
sparkling.
in an
with
Early
substantial
de
Roman
Late
p.
32,
fig.
4:14;
Ltidorf
2000,
no.
87,
p.
L 23,
G 6:2 (Group C) H.
14.5;
One
est. Diam.
handle
and for
profile
except
white
surface
foot
of
20.0, of
rim,
floor.
rim
42.0.
wall,
and
Pink
temper
17.
foot;
full
fabric
1,
(2.5Y8/2).
of
Context
of
segment center of
pl.
ca.
225-160
268
(P 7040) 46, Pl. 38 Fig. no. 57. XXVII, 205-206, 289, pp. Agora pl.
Helle
disturbance
Small
H.
23.0.
thin-walled, gritty, coarse very pink
many
remnant
QH:3
264 (P 17976) A 18:1, upper fill H.
and
surface
and below
267
fabric:
a Hellenistic
posit. Context
white
outer
around
45, PL 37
Fig.
Of similar shape and lightness but Attic fabric: 264, probably
on
rim,
in antiq for another
sparkling.
Most
Context
fabric.
cooking
on
3: medium
173-175,
(Berenike, of ca.
Mended
pink surface
dull
Riley
35.3.
two holes
spattered
similar
Form
rim,
10.2;
Inclusions:
5/6). very
of
rim
and
fabric
few
45, Pl. 37
Similar: P 28777 (P 21:4), with grooved rim, ring base, and of Pink temper fabric 1. For groove at inner edge of
foot
half
handle,
stored.
but
deposit,
250-170
Small and Light: Ring Foot 263 (P 6335) E 14:1, lower fill H.
fine
of
inside,
(5YR 6/6),
Ring Foot 266 (P 18776) M2L1
restored.
256.
Context
to
45, PL 37
rest.
14.5;
three-fourths
Handles
see
Hel
Handles
Fig.
handles,
For
buff
rock;
a.d.);
century 125 fig. Context
1.
foot,
fabric. residual
with
restored.
clamps
liberally
1983, p. 132, nos.
100-50
Diam.
to brown
red
the
similar glazing: P 15897 (F 19:6).
ca.
262 (P 18775) M21:l
restored.
but period, and later.
century
18.7,
red gloss
some
pink vessels
For
rock.
pink
Large and Heavy: Disk Foot
29.4;
shape
handles
nestling
a.d.,
floor
lead
and
Lekane,
H.
three
Pinkish
coarse
foot and
rim,
Dull
Inclusions: red
streaky surface of handles upper attachments. Pinkish buff
on
rim,
35.8.
Dull,
hard, grainy, light reddish brown
Inclusions:
6/4).
rim
of
13.7,
rim
around
spattered
medium
foot
and
inside,
gloss
44, PL 36
of
of wall,
reddish yellow
of wall
2nd
1st century
early
Diam.
31.6;
Parts uity:
Fig.
Diam.
24.4;
Parts
The
Variant: Grooved Strap Handles 265 (P 14452) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 198:2. M 20:1, middle fill
of handles
H.
in the
this
is problematical
in the Hellenistic
is commonest
preserved.
261 (P 4358) M23:l
context.
Roman earlier
of
lekane
Cf. 263, similar in shape but of different
hard, gritty, reddish yellow small white, small dark and some
small
ware. Date
34.5.
small
translucent; ca. 115-86
Inclusions:
7/4).
lenistic
rim
of
13.4,
and
fabric: medium Inclusions: many
(5YR 7/6). red,
floor
the
usual
Context
of wall rim re and parts one in stored. lead Mended antiquity: clamp preserved. on on Dull red gloss interior and side of rim, upper on exterior. handles and liberally below handles spattered of
Center
a
of
example
only
fabric
260 (P 14457) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 198:4. M 20:1, middle fill
10YR
(ca.
in typical Attic household because
pieces
brown
pale
pink rock; fine sparkling.
The
slightly have
very
grainy,
medium
Corinthian.
resembles
273
45, PL 37
Fig.
H.
14.3;
Diam.
of
foot
20.9;
rest.
Diam.
of
rim
and
one
44.8. foot and
9.0,
of rim
rim
24.4.
restored.
Part Traces
of
tan
gloss inside and on rim. Pinkish buff fabric 3: medium
handle
places
of foot,
two-thirds
restored.
(7.5YR7/4).
Pink
of rim temper
and fabric
upper
wall,
1, pink
surface
in
CATALOGUE
274 Two
more
same
of
fabric
from
con
approximately
temporary deposits: P 19750 (P-R6-12); II). Context of ca. 200-160
P 29303 Q 5:1,
Diam.
16.8;
One
of and
handle in
Mended
antiquity:
foot
of body 42.2. and floor
20.7,
parts two
lead
clamps
ca.
of
missing. Pink
(7.5YR 7/4).
with
225-165,
preserved. Hellenistic
Late
intru
270 (P 13703) G 5:3, lower fill H.
Diam.
16.2;
Part
of foot
rim
restored;
ca.
of
of
of foot
rest.
foot
17.7; and much
Diam.
of
rim
of underside,
one
of upper wall and rim, and on tan dull, gloss painted Pink strokes. fabric temper
of
and
46, PL 38
Fig. foot
one
rim
of
19.2,
underside,
parts
handle
41.3.
of wall, Pink
missing.
one-third
and
fab
temper
For
at
groove
inner
of
handle
interior
and
edge
one
266. of ca.
Context
175-150,
a few
with
earlier-2nd-century
on
gloss
Thin,
rim with
broad
1.
parts restored.
271 (P 13704) G 5:3, lower fill of base
Diam.
16.1;
47, PL 38
Fig. of
20.4,
rim
fabric
temper
into fabric
3,
surface
light
of ca.
175-150,
of rim re
penetrating
Ca.
earlier-2nd-century
line
pieces
14.8;
Part
of
of base
Diam.
and
underside
23.3;
rest.
most
of
fine
many Context
of
rim
of
Diam.
39.5.
and
wall
rim
sparkling. 115-86
ca.
273 (P 4360) M23:l H.
13.9;
47, PL 39
Fig. of base
24.5;
Diam.
of
rim
44.0.
Half of underside and parts of wall and rim restored. on rim. Nonstandard Purple to black gloss inside and fabric: very hard, grainy, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), over fired
to ochre
dark
red,
Inclusions:
and
green. coarse translucent
some
many gray and
very very
coarse
Recessed
ca.
hard,
very
Inclusions: many
medium
dull
and
white
gray, dull white;
29.0. rim
of
and
on
grooves on rim
rim, at
and
very some of
ca.
upper
wavy to red
Dull
gloss.
of
part
interior.
hard, slightly grainy, light some
Inclusions: coarse
Incised
wall.
upper under
least
fabric: medium 6/6).
Context
48, Pl. 39
Fig.
rock
pink
medium
translucent to coarse
medium
and
sparkling. 300-210
(P4071) Fig. 48 1934, p. 343, no. B 41, fig. 122; Bats 1988, Thompson p. 32, fig. 4:12. H 16:3 (Group B), drawshaft 278
est. Diam.
P.H.
4.1;
Rim
fragment.
(2.5YR 6/6),
coarse
44.0. fabric:
Atypical
translucent
brown
hard,
grainy,
(ca. 7.5YR 5/2); to
medium
and
gray
very
surface
large
dull
light
few white
in voids.
For similar rims, cf. 250, 280, and 295. of
Context
ca.
320-220,
with
a few
2nd-century
frag
ments
48, PL 39 (P 4037) Fig. 1934, p. 367, no. C 64, fig. 122; Bats 1988, Thompson p. 32, fig. 4:16; Liidorf 2000, p. 110, no. L 105, pl. 93. G 6:2 (Group C)
100-50
Base
(P 3398) Fig. 48 1934, p. 414, no. E 119, fig. 101; Liidorf Thompson 2000, pp. 87-88, no. L 24, pi. 18. F 15:2 (Group E) 14.3;
black
279
of
274
H.
warped. fabric:
and
rim,
Dull
coarse
dull white. Context
gloss
(2.5YR
red
est. Diam.
of
yellow. 115-86
est. Diam.
Nonstandard few
restored; full profile preserved. Handles missing. Pinkish buff fabric 1:medium hard, grainy, reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few fine shiny white and medium black;
9.6;
between
red
upper
some
gray,
very of ca.
one-sixth
brown
47, PL 38
272 (P 14480) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 377, pi. 191:6. M 20:1, lower fill (POU) H.
and
(5YR 6/4).
277 (P 32655) Dll:2 P.H.
a few
with
39.0.
one-sixth
coarse
Context
(2.5Y 8/2, white).
Context
rim
floor,
Flat, Decorated Rim
43.4.
Small parts of wall and floor and one-fifth Pink
construc
48, Pl. 39
rim. Nonstandard
translucent few
black,
of
18.0,
and Overtired
and
interior
medium
Flat Bottom
stored.
foot
gritty, light reddish brown
pieces
H.
of of wall
handle
half
restored.
150-110
Diam.
13.0;
Small
36.7.
about
276 (P 14458) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 198:5. M 20:1, middle fill
see
rim,
ca.
of
Context
H. with
another
re
of wall
parts
150-110
Diam.
13.3;
One-fourth
1.
ric
small
Another with gloss on interior: P8110(C9:7, tion fill).
sions
of
and
(P 3399)
H.
of wall
temper fabric 1, pink surface Context
46, PL 38
Fig.
underside
48, PL 39 Fig. no. E Liidorf 1934, 414, 121; 2000, p. Thompson p. 88, no. L 26; Rotroff 2004, p. 456, pl. 201:4. F 15:2 (Group E) 275
269 (P 17041) B 20:2, lower fill
of
Context
Disk Foot
H.
One-fourth
stored. Pink temper fabric 1.
Diam.
of
foot
18.7,
of
rim
39.1.
P.H. Small
3.1;
est. Diam. of
segment
38.0. rim with
part
of upper
wall.
Groove
at either edge of rim, with incised zigzag. Thick brown gloss inside. Pink temper fabric 1. Context
of
ca.
225-160
BOWLS 275 280 (P 4363) M23:l H.
one
foot
many similar
of wall,
and
dark
of rim, hard,
grainy,
some medium
trans
coarse
few
red,
of
this
shiny
occurs
rim
grooved
on
Similar
shape.
rim,
shape,
and
ca.
of
proportions,
handle rim, and
of
49, PL 40
Fig.
Diam.
19.0;
of base
floor,
missing. under gloss. rim and in
Incised
of
48.0,
rim
rim
and
wall,
70.6.
rim
on
exterior
on
decoration
on grooves on floor gloss Pink temper
wall.
a shallow,
326,
F. Group Context
ca.
of
Roman
Early
basins:
deep
Robinson's
rim of
to
For
49, PL 40
half
of
handle
to
of
ca.
58.0; W.
rim
of
wall.
upper
of
few
H.
150
to
ca.
100-70
4.5.
On
of
top
and
coarse
very
be
rim,
rock; many
pink
of base
hard,
F 62,
of
to coarse
286 (P 14312) N 20:7, lower fill
rim,
and
Diam.
and
gray
other
of base
one
references
49, PL 40
est. Diam.
many rock pink
missing;
very and
coarse
translucent dull
large
Context
35.5.
restored.
partially
white;
(7.5YR 8/4).
gray, many
rim
a later
rim
of
half of wall, over half of
fabric: hard, very grainy, pink
Inclusions:
there.
50
16.8;
handle
rock;
pink
Fig.
of underside,
perhaps
kling. Similar
floor
translucent
see 281 and rim, ca. 50 b.c to a.d.
of
Nonstandard
43.0.
to rim. On top edge line between under wavy grooves, on rim and interior. fab gloss Atypical brown Inclusions: (7.5YR5/4). grainy,
brown
13.4;
rim
of
41.0,
from
incised
rim,
medium
many
49, PL 40
Fig.
segment, of
gloss. Dull ric: medium
1st century
early
white
Diam.
8.8;
Small
coarse
red. 16, no.
dull
285 (P9114) DILI
from largely
large
One-fourth
pi. 72 [N 19:1, upper fill]). For stamping, cf. 283. Perhaps imported. Context
coarse
preserved.
gray, large cf. P 11888 p. (AgoraV,
handle,
and
incised olive boldly garland, punctuated a reversed one break, of leaves near pair near the other. Pinkish buff fabric 3: hard,
ovules
H. and
translucent
large
twisted
Segment tween grooves, other motifs: by
3.6. rim
ca.
rim
of
49, Pl. 40
Fig.
est. Diam.
9.7;
many sparkling. For similar
Stamped guilloche pattern on top of rim. Thumbprint impression on handle. Hard, gritty, light red fabric (2.5YR Inclusions: some 6/6), pink surface (ca. 7.5YR 7/4). medium
P.H.
Context
Fig.
section
284 (P 16105) G 14:2, upper fill
100-50
of
6.5; W.
Small
from
basin
spouted
282 (P 20592) D-E 15:1 P.H.
red;
Lekanai
surface
[Q13:1]);P9111 (AgoraV,p.31,no.G99,pis.6,72 (D 11:1). It also occurs on a shallow lekane (285 [D 11:1 ]), on
gray,
In
see 282. stamping, to 1st century of 4th
Other
Inclusions: many
P8487 and
coarse
some
one
of
half
restored;
fabric? Hard, light red (2.5YR 6/6). large pink rock; few sparkling. Similar
many
translucent
rim.
(5YR 6/6).
sparkling. For similar
sparkling. Context
line between wavy dark red to brown
Shiny smears
coarse
on
pattern
guilloche
grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), exterior surface very pale brown in places (self-slip? ca. 10YR 7/3). Inclusions: some
281 (P 4359) M23:l Parts
Stamped
some
four
100-50
5.2.
fabric: soft, fine, reddish yellow
Context
Heavy Wall, Decorated Rim
H.
rim
clusions:
Classical
Late
but without handles: Tenosl, p. 223, no. Eb 11, pis. 106, 121 (context of ca. 50). Context
49, Pl. 40
Fig.
fragment.
Atypical
sparkling. flat,
of
Rim
and
bowls (295) and lekanai: see 250 and P 6389, P 4471, and P 8311 (AgoraXll, pp. 364-365, nos. 1818, 1834, 1838, fig. 15, pis. 85-87), from deposits mostly dating in the second half of the 4th century (D 15:3, F 11:2, C 12:2); P 4057 (Thompson 1934, p. 326, no. A 61, fig. 122 [G 13:4, lower fill]). Cf. 279 and 278, rim fragments possibly from lekanai
(P 4124)
W.
42.5.
most
fabric:
Inclusions:
rock,
pink
rim
of
27.5,
Nonstandard
(7.5YR 6/4).
gray,
parent A
of
one-fourth
restored.
light brown white;
Diam.
of underside,
handle
283
AreaI14,lotK15a-b
rest.
14.6;
Most
48, PL 39
Fig.
and handles, but different context: P 29335. (Roman?) of ca. 225-160
some
very
fine
spar
in fabric
and
BOWLS Deep
Bowl
Ring Foot
Disk Foot
287
288 (P 8109) C 9:7, construction
(P 13503) Fig. 50
H.
G 5:3, lower fill H.
ric
20.3;
Diam.
of
One-third
of
rim
foot missing.
12.7,
of
rim
Hellenistic
waterjug
2. Another
from
Context
of ca.
pieces
the
same
175-150,
deposit, a few with
smaller:
P
13700.
earlier-2nd-century
fab
rim
of
interior
of
Diam.
20.3;
Half
31.6.
and
Fig. 50, Pl. 40 fill foot
and
rim,
body some red
rest.
12.2; restored. drips
Diam. Thin
on
of
rim
32.6.
on gloss Pinkish buff
brown
exterior.
fabric 3: hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6).
Inclusions:
some
coarse
translucent
gray,
to
large
dull
white
and
medium
few large pink rock; few sparkling. Context
of
ca.
150-100
CATALOGUE
276 289 (P 8570) E 6:2, upper fill H.
Diam.
15.2;
of
near
fine,
light
clusions:
foot
of
10.5,
rim
of wall.
bottom
H.
(2.5YR few medium
fabric:
Another
from Sullan debris: P 28117
Context
of
ca.
In
H.
A
few
flat rim with Very fabric Pink temper 1 st-century from
coarse examples
at
groove 1. contexts,
slightly different in shape but closely similar in details: P 11883 (AgoraV, p. 16, no. F 60, pis. 2, 72); P 21755 (R10:l). ca.
of
Context
to a.d.
b.c
110
half
sion holes
restored.
Very
edge. Additional
of wall
Parts two
with
holes
of
7.9,
for
rim
hanging.
some coarse translucent Inclusions: 6/4). in voids; many fine to coarse dull white small
Rim
pierced hard fabric:
brown few
gray,
gray;
parent For
H.
8.2;
Center
of
Many
sparkling.
7.5,
in
small
center
very pale brown to pink
of
wall
and
punched
coarse
dark
fairly
red,
few
soft,
grainy,
to 7.5YR 7/4).
(10YR 7/3
medium
Inclu
translucent
9.6;
Center
Diam. of
of floor
50, PL 41
Fig.
trans
see
lekanai,
250,
278,
350-300
and
Diam.
10.1;
Sackett
foot
of
of wall
no.
under
p. 384,
1973,
red
83.
24.6.
Two
marks
in rim
suspension on rim gloss
holes
that
translucent
mica
rim
of
9.2,
missing. of
position Thin
punched.
interior?
and
fine
though never
Nonstan
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 5/6).
gray;
as
were
and
sparkling
some
flecks.
larger Context
ca.
of
350-325
Fig. 51 1934, p. 325, no. A 59, fig. 122; Bats 1988, Thompson Liidorf 2000, p. 96, no. L 94, pl. 66. 32, 4:4; p. fig. G 13:4, lower fill (POU) (Group A) (P 4055)
9.7;
on
est. Diam.
profile, Dull red
served.
exterior.
few
and
on
buff
of
23.5.
circumference
pre
a few
rim, with
1: medium
fabric
Inclusions: small
Many
sparkling.
of
inside
gloss Pinkish
rim
foot 9.0, one-fourth
of
about
light red (2.5YR 6/6).
hard,
drips fine,
few coarse dull white;
voids.
Fabric like that of 301. Another with a ring foot from a 3rd-century context: P 17987 (A 18:1, lower fill). of
ca.
325-260,
a few
with
and
10.8,
of
rim
27.5.
part
of wall
and
ca.
250-210
10.4;
later
pieces
rim
restored.
foot
of wall
pieces of rim partway edge of ca. Context
51, PL 41
Fig.
of
Diam.
Small
waterjug fabric 2. P 20501 Very similar: P 6334 (E 14:1, lower fill); in de material of (E 14:3, possibly part 3rd-century and ca. fabric: Same 294 115-50). posit largely dating P 20501. of
298 (P 17040) B 20:2, lower fill H.
foot
Hellenistic
Context
Inclusions:
of ca. 325-275
293 (P 16290) N 21:4, lower fill H.
ca.
of
Context
gray.
Context
grainy,
coarse
few
white,
inside,
stripes 1: hard,
fabric
on
rims
grooved
Graham,
Full
fragments floor possibly
of
suspen
sparkling.
similarly
marking
22.1.
fabric:
Nonstandard
hanging. some
rim
of
Two
B 18:7, lower fill (POU)
H. foot
leather hard. Rim pierced with two holes
through when
sions:
50, PL 40
Fig.
and
floor Hole
rim missing. for
of
Diam.
many
dull
few medium
300-275
292 (P 19367) D 16:1, lower fill
29.7.
(P 19736) Fig. 51
297
Context
buff
fine
from all others with disk foot, possibly
ca.
rim
concentric
dard fabric: hard, grainy, red
overfired. of
three
Pinkish
(5YR
voids.
Fabric different
in
rim,
to very
Fragments
light reddish
slightly grainy,
body,
of
restored.
coarse
21.9.
of rim missing. Nonstandard
one-third
and
(overfired),
Hel
only part way through. Dull brown
surface.
medium
H. foot
rim
(2.5YR 5/6 to 5YR 6/6).
50, PL 40
Fig.
of
Diam.
11.3,
and
some
Jones,
8.0;
of
foot
red to reddish yellow
296
(P 29305)
H.
30.2.
and 280.
20
Bowl
J 5:1, IV (POU)
of
Diam.
of foot,
on top gloss and on resting
Disk Foot 291
225-175
pierced
Context
Shallow
293.
ca.
rest.
12.3;
Over
25.0.
pieces
either
rim
51, PL 41 (P 14250) Fig. AgoraXIl, p. 365, no. 1836, pl. 87 (mislabeled no. 1837 on plate); Liidorf 2000, pp. 88-89, no. L 33, pl. 25. S 19:3, upper fill
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Diam.
of
restored.
rim
295
115-86
4:25.
10.9;
Diam. of
Ring Foot
(E 18:7).
AgoraV, p. 16, no. F 61, pis. 2, 72; Bats 1988, p. 32, fig.
H.
two-thirds 2.
see of
rest.
11.2;
and
fabric
fabric,
Context
(P 11884) Fig. 50
290
foot
of
of wall
waterjug
For
voids
small
very
lenistic
hard,
surface.
light
Diam.
11.1;
One-third
Ripple
50, PL 41
Fig.
areas.
by white
surrounded
Nonstandard
traces of 6/6), dull white. Many
red
294 (P 11671) M 20:4, lower fill
26.9.
of rim and upper wall missing.
One-fourth marks
50, PL 40
Fig.
and
around. 225-165,
of
9.6,
rim
rim missing. Hellenistic Late
with
27.6. Groove water-jug Hellenistic
at
inner
fabric
2.
intru
sions
299 (P 26162) M 18:10 H.
13.4;
Diam.
51, Pl. 41
Fig. of
foot
10.5,
of
rim
32.7.
BOWLS 277 Small parts of wall and rim restored. Dull red gloss on red
fabric:
Nonstandard
interior.
(2.5YR
Inclusions:
6/6).
translucent
soft, some
fine
many
gray;
powdery, coarse
light coarse
grainy, to very
sparkling.
Same fabric: 340. Context
ca.
of
H.
H.
to
Center
Small
of underside,
of
13.2,
of
part
38.0. body foot and wall
restored;
about one-third of rim and body missing. Thin, dull brown gloss on interior. Pink temper fabric 2. Another from same deposit, possibly of Pink temper fabric: P 13693. of ca.
Context
a few
with
175-150,
Angular Profile 306 (P 28067) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 238, no. 56, fig. 4, pl. 33. F16:8 H.
earlier-2nd-century
301 (P 14459) Fig. 51 Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 198:3. M 20:1, middle fill of
of underside
Part stored.
rim
of
9.8,
and
thin
Dull,
foot
small
6.1; Diam. and
to
medium
of wall
and
rim
gloss
inside
and
on
translucent
gray;
in voids,
often
large white, few sparkling.
re top
some
fine
of
ca.
of
7.1; Diam.
Part
of
foot
and
52, PL 41
foot over
9.4;
rest.
half
Diam.
of body
of and
Pink temper fabric 1, very pale brown Context of ca. 225-175 303 (P 13694) G 5:3, lower fill H.
6.4;
Small
Diam. parts
of of wall
23.6. body rim restored.
7.7,
of
rim Pink
150), possibly Context of ca.
of
the
175-150,
same
52, PL 41 20.6. temper
fabric
1, pink
fabric.
with
a few
some
dull
light
surface outside to coarse
medium
coarse
partly
gritty,
and
white
translu medium
ca.
325-275
H.
5.3; Diam.
All
of
foot
52
Fig. of
and
foot
est. Diam.
7.6;
of
segment fabric:
Nonstandard
15.0.
body
of wall,
preserving medium hard,
complete fine,
red
translucent fine
few medium
gray,
sparkling. For household-ware
red
of
bowls
and
dull
white;
similar
generally
few
shape
(ring foot, incurved rim), see Tel Anafa II. 1, pp. 74?75, nos. PW 133-140, pl. 16, with a long list of instances from
slip (ca. 7.5YR7/4). Similar in shape and fabric: P 13695 (same deposit); P 8581 (E 6:2, lower fill). Cf. also P 14310 (N 20:7, lower fill) and P 27365 (from a context probably dating before ca.
of
sites
other
Context
restored.
very
(2.5YR 5/6), lighter toward surface (7.5YR 7/6); very brown Inclusions: some coarse pale slip (10YR 7/3).
slip (10YR 7/3).
Fig. foot
preserved;
soft,
reddish yellow
few
19.0.
Lncurved Rim
profile.
Fig.
very
rim
sparkling.
Context
Small
H.
fabric:
of
rim
and
52, Pl. 42
Cf. late one-handlers: P 7386 and P 4385 (AgoraXXlX, p. 329, nos. 858, 859, fig. 58 [E 3:1, lower fill and F 12:3, lower fill]).
115-86
302 (P 11670) M 20:4, lower fill
est. Diam.
8.5; of wall
(2.5YR 6/8),
307 (P 32651) F16:8
voids.
Many
Fabric like that of 297. Context
foot
Nonstandard
red; many 29.0.
of rim, a few dribbles on exterior. Pinkish buff fabric 1: medium hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some
of
one-third
Inclusions: (5YR 6/6). cent and white, gray
parts
to red
brown
half
1st century). ca. 225-160
red inside
Diam.
over
and
temper fabric 1, light brown
Pink
of
restored.
13.0;
29.2.
Bowls
Foot
pieces
H.
part
of wall,
51, PL 41
Fig. of foot
Diam.
15.7;
of
slip (ca. 7.5YR6/4). Cf. Komvou and Ralli 1997, p. 242, pl. 157:6 (Mytilene, Context
300 (P 13692) G 5:3, lower fill
rim
12.6,
of underside,
of rim restored.
mid-2nd
225-165
at bottom
Diam.
11.5;
One-fourth
of
nn. p. 73, ca. 325-275
172-174.
Thickened Lncurved Rim 308 (P 11289) B 13:8, lower fill (POU) H.
6.1;
of
Diam.
foot
52, Pl. 42
Fig. rest. max.
6.9;
Diam.
17.4.
Over half of wall and rim restored. Atypical fabric: soft, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6); thin brown wash over all
earlier-2nd-century
surfaces.
abundant
pieces
on
Inclusions:
few Graffito
sparkling.
to very coarse large orange; on underside: of ligature
MPA? 304 (P 13696) G 5:3, lower fill H.
5.1; Diam.
About
of
one-fourth
52, PL 41
Fig. foot of
7.5, rim
of
rim
missing.
19.5. Pink
temper
fab
ric 1, light gray slip (ca. 2.5Y 7/2). Context
of ca.
175-150,
with
a few
Context
F15:2 H.
of
52, PL 41
floor
52 p.
414,
no.
E
118.
(Group E)
8.9;
About
Fig.
325-260
1934,
Thompson earlier-2nd-century
Footless
ca.
Open: Ring Foot 309 (P 3395) Fig.
pieces
305 (P 14311) N 20:7, lower fill
of
est. Diam. one-fourth
missing.
of of Heavy
body foot wheel
18.5. and
wall marks
preserved; on upper
center body.
Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, fine, medium thick, reddish Inclusions: many fine yellow (ca. 5YR 6/6) throughout.
CATALOGUE
278 coarse
few
dark,
translucent
and
gray
to medium
fine
Three-fourths
Context
ca.
of
150-110
H.
Diam.
8.4;
of
52, PL 42
Fig. of
7.0,
rim
ca.
of
150-110
Open: Disk Foot 311 (P3394)
8.0; Diam.
Center of
rim
of
foot
of
on
Gouge
foot
of
one-third
floor,
restored.
18.4.
of rim
8.3,
and
and
wall,
made
underside
during
medium
translucent few
H.
few
lucent few
sparkling. of Context
and
of
6.6,
rim
floor
17.0.
restored,
cen
including
gray, medium
half
fine
rim
and
white,
sparkling. of Context
ca.
300-250
6.6;
parts
trans
gray;
very
52, PL 42
rest.
of
Diam.
rim
Inclusions:
(7.5YR 7/4).
translucent
and
gray,
some
red;
Diam.
Diam.
of base
restored,
of
ca.
rim
of
4.5,
center
including
15.1.
of
floor.
Nonstan
A
few
in surface.
voids
irregular
225-175
(P 11864)
F 51,
65.
pl.
from upper fill (Group F)
of base
Diam.
4.9;
52
Fig.
16, no.
p.
N 19:1, probably
6.4;
rest.
of
Diam.
rim
17.0.
Over half of wall and rim restored. String marks on underside. Pinkish buff fabric 3: soft, fine, slightly grainy, light red to reddish yellow (2.5YR 6/6 to 5YR 6/6); lighter above slip on all of body except lowest few millimeters Inclusions:
bottom. translucent and
pink
gray
and
many fine
fine
dark,
dull
white,
some
fine
few
coarse
to medium dull
white
rock;
many sparkling. context of ca. from
Small, Cyma Profile 319 (P 23601)
to a.d.
B.C.
110
20
52, Pl. 42
Fig.
of wall
and
5.6, rim
of
of
of
rim
9.0.
and
translucent
few
gray,
coarse
very
rock;
pink
sparkling. of ca. 250-150
Pan-Shaped rim
15.0-15.9.
restored.
Hellenistic
water
320 (P 6028) E14:3 H.
52, Pl. 42
Fig.
3.9; Diam.
of base
8.5;
rest.
of
Diam.
rim
14.0.
Part of floor and most of wall and rim restored. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclu 52, PL 42
Fig. foot
3.9,
52, PL 42
Fig.
of base
of base
3.3; Diam.
About half of wall and rim missing. String marks on underside. Pinkish buff fabric 3: soft, fine, light red to some fine pink (2.5YR 6/8 to ca. 7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: dark
Shallow: Ring Foot 315 (P 16207) N 21:4, upper fill 4.1;
52, PL 42
shallow bowl with flat bottom: P 6336 (E 14:1,
Another lower fill).
fine many Context
jug fabric 2. Context of ca. 250-210
H.
20
Fig.
inclusions.
sparkling
H.
15.0. Nonstan
restored.
wall
upper
314 (P 16291) N 21:4, lower fill Small
to a.d.
b.c
110
Q9:4 of base
of
Diam.
dark
Fig.
dull
6.4;
no
black;
elongated
325-275
medium
H.
coarse
to very
dard fabric: soft, grainy, pink some
angular,
dard fabric: hard (overtired), slightly grainy, light reddish brown (ca. 5YR 6/3); possible traces of light slip. Few fine
Probably ca.
5.7; Diam.
Four-fifths
to coarse
few medium
313 (P 20885) D17:3 H.
ca.
rest.
4.5;
H. of base
and
white
medium
317 (P 11675) M 20:4, lower fill Over
52, PL 42
Fig.
translucent
16.1.
rim
Shallow: Flat Bottom
H.
ter of floor. Band of black gloss at top of wall inside and fabric: hard, grainy, thick, light outside. Nonstandard reddish brown (5YR 6/4); self-slip. Inclusions: many medium
of
AgoraV,
of wall
parts
of
5.9,
150-110
312 (P 32650) F 16:8 A
material
F 52.
of foot
some
Inclusions:
318
7.1; Diam.
earlier
sparkling. Similar and from the same deposit: P 8905 and P11865 (AgoraV, p. 14, nos. F 36, F 37, pl. 65).
Open: Flat Bottom
H.
Diam.
Context ca.
Drop
52
Fig.
16, no.
p.
4.6;
half
very coarse coarse dark;
coarse to very and dull white to very few coarse gray and white,
sparkling. of Context
restored.
Most of rim and upper wall missing. Nonstandard fabric: hard, fairly smooth, very pale brown (10YR 7/3).
pro
duction. Slight angle in wall at limit of wheel-trimming. Heavy wheel marks on inside. Atypical fabric: medium hard, grainy, very pale brown (ca. 10YR 7/3). Inclusions: some
(P 11863)
Context
52, PL 42 Fig. 1934, p. 414, no. E 117, fig. 100. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E)
H.
wall
upper
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
19.3.
Half of wall and rim restored. Very poor, dull purplish black gloss inside, a few dribbles outside. Very hard, grainy, pinkish gray fabric (7.5YR 6/2). Inclusions: many large pink rock, few large dull white. Possibly overfired Pink temper fabric. Context
316
AgoraV, foot
and
with
context,
lst-century
310 (P 3354) F 15:2 (Group E)
rim
of
of black gloss on floor. Attic fine fabric,
dull white; many fine sparkling.
6.2;
rest.
Diam.
of
rim
18.6.
sions:
few medium
lucent
and
gray, Context
material
to very medium
coarse
ca.
115-50,
largely
of
dull
to coarse
white, red;
with
few some
coarse
trans
sparkling. 3rd-century
BASINS279 BASINS Heavy
Basin
321 (P 12159) N 20:4 H. Half
of each in
Repaired made. Wall
from
of base handle
and
two broad
with
plish-black
parts lead
40.6.
of wall
and
on
painted
rim
at each
struts
restored.
side.
with
inside
medium brown, many to coarse dull white,
rim lug
Dull
pur strokes.
broad
red, medium
sparkling. For a similar Context
322
coarse
to
on
handle ca.
a lekane,
see
254.
two Roman
with
110-50,
off
center,
19-20,
pp.
F 91,
half
one
and Traces
at bottom
Diam.
37.0;
Over
of
handle
restored;
part
part
opening. around wall
way
clay, level of
most
ca.
(probably
one
in rim;
one,
two-thirds)
the
interior
opposite one-third about
but
of
the way
Inclusions:
many
translucent
very some
gray;
red,
Pinkish
pink white
Two
sparkling.
same
the
as red
ochre
Context
a similar
of
of
the
vessel:
same
P 33780
Inclusions:
shape:
323.
deposit
was
1945, (Caley ca. 110 b.c.
identified p. 154, to a.d.
rock, stripes
A
bowl
H.
Small
est. Diam.
9.0;
of base
of bottom,
segment
37.0;
Th.
analysis
dark
and
fine
white.
Possibly from a vessel like 322. Context
of
ca.
115-86
of
(a the
coarse
to very
white;
shiny
of ca. 325-200,
with
substantial Late Helle
about
1.5.
dividing
of
rim
61.0.
of rim,
surface,
and
underside.
irregular Nonstandard
fabric:
part of floor. on underside.
stains
iron(?)
and
55, PL 44
Fig.
one-third
on
326
of
Spout hard,
ca.
Heavy Very
rectangular coarse and
very
in gritty,
115-86
(P 11887) p.
AgoraV, H.
rest.
9.3;
Most
of
decoration
wall.
pl.
2.
from upper fill (Group F) of base over
and
top of rim, with on rim Red gloss 1. fabric temper For
F 90,
Diam.
floor
55, Pl. 44
Fig.
19, no.
N 19:1, probably
inside
rim,
cf.
rim
of wall
line within
wavy and
of
of
50.0,
half
it. Heavy,
wall
281
60.0.
restored.
(not and
Groove
open
on
other
spout. Pink
floor).
references
there. from
Probably
of wall and
Basin
reddish yellow (ca. 5YR 6/6). Inclusions: many medium to large (2-6 mm) red and black, few very coarse dull
12).
Interior dividing wall perpendicular towall. Nonstandard fabric: hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6). Inclusions: some medium
a
by curved,
heavy, the way around area in the of missing
medium
est. Diam.
8.0;
rough section.
on
53, PL 44
lower wall,
to direct
Two
one-third
existed
Spouted
Spout, encrustation
20
323 (P 14468) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 199:5. M 20:1, middle fill P.H.
outside.
325 (P 9032) Rotroff 2000a, p. 379. M 20:1, middle fill
and
(P 8933)
by chemical no.
perhaps surrounded
disturbance
buff
(C 18:3). An similar reddish
found on a fragmentary
purple material from
have
side, at bottom,
2), on
ridge about
on
of
another
sparkling.
Context
shelf. Fragments other perhaps
at one
(drain
could
Shallow
lighter surface.
some
inside,
one
facing
white.
are not they in rim, each
to dip the wall.
fabric 3: hard, grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6), coarse
one
Context
horizontal
heavy,
another;
symmetrical around
set
is centered
of an attachment
One
of
At
wall.
in diameter,
outside,
traces
shelf.
traces
and
to outer
1.5 cm on
op
by vertical walls
attached
plain with
the other,
strap handle each other,
ridged
them
openings
another:
is under
outside,
all of
two round
floor,
opposite below dip
not
but
rim
missing. at time
observed
posite dip in rim. The shelf is supported of
of
inside
ca. 16.0 cm Rim dips down of circumfer one-fourth (about A shelf about 13.0 cm wide
cm
an
to form
on
shelf
restored;
Across
bowl.
60.0.
three-fourths
substance
purple-red miltos. perhaps
ence) goes
of
of powdery
of excavation, for a width of ca. 33.0
rim
of wall,
area
other
preserved partially each lug handles,
nistic
of
43.5,
much
floor,
the
inflow;
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H.
and over half of wall
thickened
preserved
53, PL 44 4.
pi.
p.Diam.
wall). Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, grainy, light red (2.5YR
intrusions
Fig. no.
max.
27.2;
(a and b). One has a small hole in the top (possibly a pick hole; made after firing). Two holes through wall: one (drain 1), just above level of tunnel, with a partially
6/6). some
(P 8938)
foot
Heavy, hemispherical two tunnels rectangular
dark
large
gray; many
shiny
missing.
third
of
AgoraV,
coarse
few
of
Diam.
of underside
Most
Hand
Atypical fabric: fairly soft, slightly grainy, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), very pale brown surface (10YR 7/4). Inclusions:
rest.
21.8;
50.9.
in outer edge project
scallops
supporting
gloss
rim
clamps preserved. at bottom. Horizontal
trimmed
unevenly
rim,
of
23.2,
four
antiquity:
with
handles
P.H.
Diam.
17.6;
55, PL 43
Fig.
54, PL 44
324 (P 6337) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 458, pl. 204:b. E 14:1, lower fill
Deep
Spouted
context
of
ca.
110
b.c
to a.d.
Basin
327 (P 3310) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 458, pl. 204:a. Area F 14, lot T 150 Max. Diam.
Most restored. handle rolled
H.
24.2;
20
rest.
55, Pl. 45
Diam.
at bottom
much
of wall, and both handles
32.0;
max.
rest.
34.2.
of underside, Full
profile attachment area
widening
of wall
one Traces of preserved. only to Rim rolled the outside, preserved. to a collar above the high spout.
CATALOGUE
280 one,
Certainly
horizontal
two,
probably
round
handles,
wall,
in section, attached just below rim. Dull black gloss inside and on upper exterior, dipping lower below spout. Pink temper fabric 1. to
Late-2nd-century
context
Roman
Early
at bottom
Diam.
Sixteen
with
wall,
of
in detail.
piecrust
horizontal Heavy to reddish brown
four
of
foot
and
lower
ca.
of
Context
27.0. sections:
nonjoining
with
one
wall,
be
handle,
not
rim,
indentations
finger in section. round
inside
gloss
one
spout,
Plain
on
and
Dull exte
upper
rior. Pinkish buff fabric 3: hard, fine, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: few coarse pink rock and dull white and medium dark red; fine sparkling.
F 19:3, lower fill Est.
Cannot
concentric below.
two of upper restored
of wall,
eight handle.
brown
(P 16401) Fig. 55
328
of
a
with
115-86,
few
Roman
Early
pieces
LIDS
329
(P 16277)
56, PL 46
Fig.
N 21:4, lower fill H.
Diam.
5.0;
dium
inner
13.3; rim
of
half
About
rim
12.4.
black;
KaXv[i\ia. Whatever is letter certainly
(5YR 6/4). 1990,
pis.
92:(3,94:a, 95:a (Rhodian pyxis lids, 4th century); Medeon V, p. 65, no. 75.8, figs. 113, 114 (pyxis lid, ca. 260-250). ca.
of
Context
250-210
H.
and
Knob
two
on
a third band
Diam.
of wall
and
rim
fabric
outer
part
of
top
traces
of
ca.
inner
10.7;
Complete. lower wall, with
332 0
of
P.H.
5.8;
225-190
56, PL 46
Fig.
of dull
traces
16.6; max.
red decoration,
of gloss
Pink
above.
Diam.
ca.
333
ivy garland fabric temper
on 2.
56, PL 46
Fig. of knob of
lower
part restored.
of
ca.
(P 23274)
6.8. wall Floor
translucent
white,
gray,
Inclusions:
and
pink
rock;
of ca. 225-175
est. Diam.
Lid
and
trace
of upper wall underside cracked,
56, PL 46 56. and
with
coins
part
of
at attachments (d). Two handle to one thumb with 90 degrees another, on all of dull of attachments. Thin, gloss at base of wall decorated band for concave
than
less at base
except Nonstandard incised zigzag. brown (ca. 10YR 7/4). few
to
medium
fabric:
hard, gritty, very some medium
Inclusions:
coarse
translucent
gray.
Small
voids. of
Context
ca.
260-190
(P4151) Fig. 56
336 Area P.H.
area
I 14, in disturbed
at bottom
est. Diam.
12.7;
30.0.
black Segment of lower edge and wall. Traces of thick on Nonstandard on inside. and outside dripped gloss fabric: hard, gritty, light brown (7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions: many
coarse
excavator discarded.)
13.0.
small
preserving
(a, c), and half of top with
attachments
two handle
to very
coarse
context?
Hellenistic 3rd-century
sections
nonjoining
rim (b), two sections of wall
prints outside
at
27.0.
dark, and
Fig.
no. L 19, p. 91, pi. 4th16, lot T 216, with
(T-1358-T-1366) 3.6;
Nonstandard
depression.
335 (P 11204) Fig. 56 B13:3 P.H. (a) 12.5, (b) 4.0, (c) 11.6, (d) 6.5; est. Diam.
pale
250-180
XXI,
H.
shiny
Context
slightly
contexts.
Agora Area N
Thin, dull brown
sparkling.
Four
225-150?
Diam.
partly
Context
in central
except
coarse
many
17.7.
more smoothly perhaps in drying. Outside finished much fabric Pink inside. 2. than temper For shape, cf. P 3366, P 12164 (AgoraXXIX, pp. 366 367, nos. 1273,1280, figs. 79, 80, pis. 95, 96), from much earlier
some
bottom rim
of
Diam.
Traces
small
preserved;
5.9.
top
Irregular underside.
fabric: hard, grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6).
Fenestrated
(P 14194) 20:2
Knob,
top
at
4.1,
Pink
Same fabric: 330. Context
at bottom
2.
331 (P 19891) D 17:5, lower fill H.
on
of
color?)
knob.
56, Pl. 46
Fig.
1.8; Diam.
H.
gloss preserved.
Same fabric: 331. Context
alpha.
(P 30430)
Chips missing.
in another of
last preserved
the
reading,
P2L4
19.0.
possible
originally
on
red
with
wall,
upper
(perhaps
them;
temper
one-third
inner
in dull red: band at angle of rim and lower bands
between
est.
20.5;
about
Decoration wall,
56, PL 46
Fig.
est. Diam.
9.6;
an
simple lid with a dipinto, approximately contemporary, see P 28470 (Boegehold 1982, fig. 1, pl. 1). Context of 4th century to first half of 3rd century 334
330 (P 9079) N18:3
correct
the not
For another
many sparkling. and Philimonos
Patsiada,
me
fabric:
Nonstandard
light reddish brown
few medium
Cf. Giannikouri,
of
Diam.
restored.
hard, very fine,
Inclusions:
and small segment of wall and rim. Medium hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few medium dull white and fine dark; some sparkling. Two line dipinto on lower wall: first line ob scure; second line K [?] Mr, read by Lang as &p|ieva>[v] Knob
Lids
Miscellaneous
[J. Oliver]
pink
rock;
many
sparkling.
(Most of fine pottery reported by as West
Slope
or
Megarian
bowls;
281
STANDS 337
(P 23085)
H-K P.H.
of hole
top preserved. in sides are holes
of
Edges
four
338
ca.
of before
(P 22861)
H-K
Handles
56, PL 46
2.1.
and
in top pierced from in section, crisscross
Hole
top preserved. basket handles,
Two
round
over top. Dull red gloss on outside. Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, fine, powdery, light red (2.5YR 6/6), reddish yellow surface (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: some medium dull white, to coarse
few medium few
white;
dark
sparkling. of before
Context
Rest.
H.
One
handle
(P 15785)
ca.
coarse
and
red
some
170, with
P-S
P.H.
7.7; Diam.
One
handle,
in
a
fine
red,
and
white,
H.
top preserved. the lower one
to outside, dull
red
on
gloss
translucent
many
gray;
H.
Rest.
Largely the other;
of ment
rest.
8.6;
restored: less
of wall,
Diam.
center
56, PL 46
from
33.8.
of
one
floor.
handle rim
and
Slight
and
wall.
upper
Nonstan
voids.
Many
343
and
to center
wall
Rim
off
sheared
along
on
wall; upper Pink temper
Wheel-ridging wheel-trimmed.
bottom
of
at about
line before firing, beginning
ca.
of
110-40
(P9120) est. Diam.
9.3;
of
33.0. about
rim,
on
Another
seg
P 14263
in a Late
sheared
at ca.
beginning fabric 1.
60
to
Hellenistic
of
ca.
50
to
coarse
b.c
to a.d.
from
Roman
Early
and
wall, to
upper off
degrees
one
wheel produce handle.
context:
to ca. 75).
(R 19:1, late 2nd century
Context
of wall,
one-third
preserved. Wheel-ridging on lower wall. Rim
trimming
56, PL 46
Fig.
DILI
wheel-ridging
rim
of restored.
1.
Context
part
small
29.0.
handle.
and
straight edge Pink temper of
on
sparkling.
partly
preserved;
handle
are
restored,
300-210
one-sixth
One-fourth
preserved than one-fourth
lacking
many
handle,
fabric
sparkling.
Fig.
wall
straight along handle. Lower wall
from
degrees visible Paring
est. Diam.
7.0;
degrees wall lower
outside.
Lid/Bowl
340 (P 11293) B 13:8, lower fill (POU)
and
sheared
60
ca.
of
60 and
other,
rim
of
Rim
floor.
(P 15902) Fig. 56
H.
Two-Handled
white;
shiny Context
342
disturbance
2.1. the
31.7. half
Rotroff 2004, p. 457, pl. 203:1, 3. F 19:6, bottom
Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, slightly gritty, reddish yellow to light red (5YR 7/6 to 2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some fine
at
a straight, diagonal
of
Diam. over
of
surface
concave strap Traces of
section.
center
floor
of hole half
handle
Upper round
on
22-24,
rest. and
dard fabric: medium hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), pink surface (7.5YR 7/4). Inclusions: some
translucent
later
56, Pl. 46
Fig.
56
Fig.
Area
325-260
12.0;
including line beginning
One
339
ca.
of
wheel-smoothed.
of hole
powdery,
sparkling.
341 (P 8419) Dll:2
disturbance
disturbed
6.7; Diam.
outside.
later
Fig.
12-14,
P.H.
some
170, with
many
Context
2.6
measuring
preserved,
white;
soft,
very
few fine tomedium
Inclusions:
Same fabric: 299.
symmetri
to 3.2 cm long. Thin dull brown gloss on outside. Pinkish buff fabric 3: medium hard, grainy, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4). Inclusions: few medium dark red, translucent gray, and pink rock; few sparkling. Context
fabric:
Nonstandard
wall.
upper
dull
3.0.
and
placed
on
grainy, red (2.5YR 5/8).
7.3; Diam.
Handles cally
56, PL 46
Fig.
12-14
50
STANDS Low
344 F
Stand
few
(P 6758)
kling. Context
13:3,
depth at bottom
H. 4.8; Diam. About half of wall Pink
Wheelmade. Two
57, PL 47
Fig.
unknown
more,
and
18.5, at top rim and most
fabric 2. temper smaller also but
slightly
fabric: P 14232
floor
of
of
Pink
(S 19:2, lower fill); P 26733
(P 630)
Thompson p. 219,
n.
ca.
Amphora
temper
(I-O
15:1
150-86
57, PL 47 Fig. 1934, p. 389, no. D 64, fig. 76; AgoraXll,
6.
7.4; Diam.
at bottom
in voids;
22.4,
top
spar
Stand
346 (P 17039) B 20:2, lower fill H.
17.0;
rest.
profile
57, Pl. 47
Fig.
Diam.
at bottom
21.7,
two-thirds
preserved;
at of
top 19.7. circumference
restored. Atypical fabric: hard, slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), light gray surface (10YR 7/2). Inclusions: some small
is the at
few
160-130
rock large pink to voids. large
and
medium
dark
red.
A transport amphora from the same deposit
H 16:4 (Group D) H.
ca.
white
missing.
Full
Context
of
dull
18.0. of
[1]).
345
medium
22.2.
Complete. Pinkish buff fabric? Hard, fine, light red to light brown (2.5YR 6/6 to 7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions:
sort
Context sions
of vessel of
ca.
the
stand
225-165,
Irregular
(P 17046)
have might supported. with Late Hellenistic
intru
282
CATALOGUE
OTHER HOUSEHOLD-WARE Canteen
347
(P 14443)
57, PL 47
Fig.
Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 202:c. M 20:1, middle fill Rest.
H.
of
Diam.
30.5;
rim
of
rest.
7.1;
of body Decoration
and
missing. three concentric missing): on also the other. haps
part in dull
some
coarse
light surface.
(5YR 6/6), and
white
part
(much gloss side and per fabric: medium
circles
medium
restored;
orange on one
Nonstandard
hard, grainy, light reddish brown Inclusions:
of neck
translucent
few
gray,
red.
Context
ca.
of
ca.
of before ca.
of
of
Body
sections
Large rim
context
(Athens,
265).
225-150?
Th.
of body 12.2. of
Fragment of another: P 6348 (E 14:1, lower fill). Cf. 1993, p. 56, nos. A 236, A 237, fig. 25, pl. 78 Vogeikoff Context
22.1,
body
VESSELS
115-86
Pyxis
351 (P 5554) E14:3 H. rim
Diam.
6.2;
57, Pl. 47
Fig. 5.0; max.
foot
of
Diam.
of
One-third of wall and about half of rim and flange restored. Atypical fabric: hard, slightly grainy, red (2.5YR 5/6), light red surface (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some medium
translucent
and
gray
white;
Same fabric: 352 and perhaps Askos
Context
348
Diam.
13.1;
9.7.
ca.
of
largely
many
sparkling.
7. Probably some
with
115-50,
imported. 3rd-century
material
(P 22974) PL 47
I 14, in fill south of Middle Stoa, with one handle after before 166: 180, amphora perhaps dating KT 755. SS 12422, Knidian fabricant Theudoridas, Area
H.
7.3; Diam.
Both flat,
of base
4.8;
ends missing;
base
bottom,
irregular
10.9.
p.L.
Solid base with
chipped. profile.
flaring
be
was
Head
missing).
turned
Basket
upward.
handle. Decoration
in dull brown: band on base; myrtle
on garland one vertical
side;
either
two
under
stripe
horizontal
neck;
and stripes across handle.
stripes
(ca. 10YR
fabric: hard, grainy, very pale brown
Atypical
some
Inclusions:
7/4).
medium
in voids;
white
H.
ca.
of before
H.
many
sections
Large
medium red,
57, PL 47
18.0. of body Nonstandard missing.
9.7,
of wall
fabric:
light reddish brown
slip (10YR 7/3). dull white; many
fine
(5YR 6/4),
Context
sparkling.
Cf. Corm^XIII, p. 295, no. 5064, pis. 76,99 (Augustan?); Debevoise
1934,
18,
pp.
112-113,
nos.
fig. 3 (Seleucia on the Tigris, periods to a.d.
338-341,
context
with
Byzantine
Small B scratched
fabric: sparkling
largely
H.
hard, coarse
very
of
foot
7.9,
segment into
of
rim
and
underside
soft, very fine, inclusions.
57, PL 47
of body
12.9,
fragments before firing.
reddish
yellow
of
7. Probably some
with
115-50,
imported. 3rd-century
rim
Diam.
29.0.
grainy, red,
(ca. 7.5YR pink dull few medium
Inclusions:
7/4).
some
white;
many
sparkling.
tile fabric but with more
sparkling
inclusions. ca.
of
Context
with
325-200,
Late
substantial
Helle
disturbance
nistic
Disk
1.7; Diam.
57, PL 47
10.0.
missing. Nonstandard
Few
bottom
underneath.
and
one
Context
Top
all
top. but with
polished Attic
fine
of
ca.
b.c
to a.d.
irregular
fabric.
and Mantzourani
110
including con
Irregularly some
two grooves just inside 1991,
5.10.
fig.
larger chips also
surfaces,
on
than
at center. Davis,
Cherry,
5-19,
on
left by objects, with
indentations edge Cf.
away; some
encrustation on
more
breaks,
no.
13.4.
edge chipped
White
missing.
of wall
(5YR 6/6).
rest.
57, PL 47
Fig.
Similar to Corinthian
cave
Diam.
(5YR
white;
Plate
5.9;
Original
11.9;
dull
354 (P 8927) Fig. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
disturbance
Fig.
coarse
to
medium
ca.
of
Handmade
H.
H.
some
re
Over half of floor (including center) and one-third of wall and rim restored. Handmade. Atypical fabric: me
Kantharos
350 (P 19890) D 17:5, lower fill
fabric: hard, grainy, reddish yellow
IX,
pi.
II and III, 141 B.C.
116).
2nd-century
6.7.
of wall
segment
material
coarse
some
Inclusions:
rim
of
10.8,
body and
sparkling.
dium foot
rim
353 (P 6344) E 14:1, lower fill
Fig.
hard, grainy,
pale brown few medium
very
of
of
5.4,
and
Same fabric: 351 and perhaps
Rest.
Diam.
24.5;
foot
foot
Inclusions:
6/6).
57, Pl. 47
few
150
349 (P 14229) S 19:2, lower fill
of of
stored. Atypical
Bank
Coin
Bin Fig.
Diam.
9.4;
One-third
Deep sparkling. Context
Storage
352 (P 6027) E 14:3
narrow,
Long,
thick-walled, fish-shaped body with ridge along back, tapering to pointed tail behind (just the very tip seems to
Miniature
20
pp.
75,
263,
283
BEEHIVES with
Vessel
Handle
Rope
57, PL 47
355 (P 14440) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 378, pi. 199:4. M 20:1, middle fill Part
closed
Large shoulder,
with
standard
fabric:
attachment
preserved. attached
handle
rope
hard,
grainy,
many
medium
light brown
spar
kling. with
vessel
closed
Another
from
handle,
the
but without
context,
contemporary
proximately
twisted
ap lower
115-86
or Jar?
356 (P 28204) F 17:4, lower fill P.H.
(7.5YR
some
black;
at
Non
below.
handle
vertical
smaller
Inclusions:
6/4).
Vertical
vessel.
ca.
of
Context
Jug
14.0. 17.0; p.H. p. dim. of wall and lower handle
Max.
(AgoraV, p. 17, no. F 68, pis. 1, 42 [N 19:1,
loop: P 20514 upper fill]).
est. Diam.
6.9;
of
Fragment decorated
wall
57, Pl. 47
Fig. at shoulder
shoulder
rows
two
with
20.0.
wall. upper of fingernail
and
vertical
Nearly
impressions.
Atypical fabric: soft, slightly grainy, very pale brown 7/3). Many tiny voids. ca.
of
Context
a few
with
225-175,
later
(10YR
pieces
BEEHIVES of rim of wall and most parts Large of inside, vertical three-fourths scoring score at toothed tool; one horizontal
Form
Standard
Hive 357
(P 20506)
58
Fig. and
Graham,
Jones,
Sackett
1973,
p.
no.
398,
13; Lii
dorf 1998-1999, p. 91, no. BR 23, fig. 30 (rim type II). H 16:3 (Group B), blind tunnel leading from draw shaft P.H.
est. Diam.
5.9;
38.0.
Small segment of rim and upper wall. Lead clamp from mend.
ancient
and
Vertical
horizontal
inside,
scoring
with three very deep scores just below rim. Pinkish buff fabric 1: soft, grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: some
to medium
fine
gray; context
Late-4th-century
358 (P 28146) F16:8
some
sparkling.
58, PL 48
lines of horizontal Two fragment. over continuous vertical scoring.
scoring Pinkish
at
top buff
(5YR 7/6),
yellow
core. to medium fine Inclusions: darker many slightly some medium translucent few white; gray, sparkling. a from Wall of another fragment 3rd-century deposit:
1934, p. 326, no. A 63 [G 13:4, lower
(Thompson
fill]). of
ca.
P.H.
325-275
359 (P 16286) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill 35.7;
of
rim
of
Diam.
of
of underside,
58 base
22.0,
of
rim
34.0
(exterior),
of wall,
three-fourths
and
Around made
one-third two-thirds
with
eight
toothed
tool. Floor unscored. Pinkish buff fabric 1:hard, smooth, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some medium dull white and fine black and red; fine sparkling. Context
of
ca.
250-210
360 (P 28483) P20:2 31.2
horizontal at
scoring fabric
41.2;
Diam.
(interior).
58, PL 48
Fig.
of
and
inside,
earlier
pieces
part of upper body. vertical spaced widely broad of horizontal band small
with scoring, done after vertical
top,
ca.
of
(P 14453)
Pink
scoring.
temper
150-110
Jones,
base
22.2,
of
rim
35.1
(exterior),
58
Fig. and
Graham,
Sackett
1973,
p.
398,
no.
14; Lii
dorf 1998-1999, p. 85, no. B 7, fig. 17 (type A1); Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 199:6. M 20:1, middle fill H.
Diam.
46.5;
of
base
of
27.0,
rim
36.4
(exterior),
33.0 (interior). of
parts inside,
rim
and
and
floor, wall, vertical
half
rim
half
at right angle of circumference.
restored.
scoring in parallel diameter and a
scored
across
Nonstandard
hard, slightly grainy, light reddish brown very pale brown coarse to very white. Context
363 Jones,
surface coarse
ca.
of
(P 20491) Graham,
dorf 1998-1999, E14:3 P.H.
Horizontal
15.7;
and
rock,
fabric:
(ca. 5YR 6/3),
some Inclusions: 7/4). to coarse few medium
115-86
Fig.
58
and
Sackett
1973,
p.
398,
no.
17; Lii
p. 94, no. BR 41, fig. 31 (rim type I 3).
est. Diam.
one-third
10YR
(ca. pink
Halfway
horizontal
scoring; of floor
deep
mid-height; one score
around
About of
1. a few
1.
362
score
preserved. profile vertical deep scoring
wall,
eight scor
36.0. rim
of
two-thirds
rows with
full
restored;
inside
H.
one-sixth
around
29.0 (interior). Part
est. Diam.
24.0;
About
at
H.
with
crisscross
Fig. 58 1934, p. 414, no. E 122, fig. lOOJones, Gra Thompson ham, and Sackett 1973, p. 398, no. 10; Liidorf 1998-1999, pp. 90-91, no. BR 18, fig. 29 (rim type I 1). F 15:2 (Group E)
Small
Context
fabric
150-110,
top,
with
38.0.
1: fairly soft, gritty, reddish
P 4062
temper
ca.
done
(P3401)
Context
est. Diam.
Rim
fabric
361
Pink of
Around
Fig.
7.4;
inside,
floor.
Context
and
P.H.
of
on
ing
Around
restored.
of rim vertical
of
rim and
33.0.
scoring
restored. partly inside made with
wall,
upper on
CATALOGUE
284 11-toothed
tool. Pinkish buff fabric 1: hard, fairly smooth,
red
light
cent gray, dull white, Large
spear upright Context
or
rim,
arrow
a monogram, it.
possibly beside
point ca. 115-50,
of
largely
translu
medium
and dark red; few large sparkling.
below
graffito
some
Inclusions:
(2.5YR6/6).
fabric
pale
2nd
of ca. 200-125
or slightly later
(P 32654)
Jones,
Sackett
1973,
no.
398,
p.
15; Lii
1998-1999, p. 85, no. B 6, fig. 16 (type A 1). 15:3, lower fill 46.0; Diam. of base 21.9, of rim 37.7 (exterior), (interior).
dorf E H. 34.0
of
Parts Around
wall
and
over
just 14-toothed
with ent
59, PL 48
Fig. and
scores
parallel
across
restored.
scores
vertical
inside,
scores
rim
of
segment
of
horizontal
tool;
three
tool;
small
half
made
with
two-thirds
fine
Context
365
coarse
few
dark, ca.
of
to
to end
150
(P21772)
dorf 1998-1999, R10:l
fine
(exterior),
27.9
of
Most
Diam.
base
of
Diam.
13.5;
and
of wall
of
and
rim
31.8
from
scoring
to bottom;
rim
rim
not
floor
scored.
Pinkish buff fabric 1:medium hard, very grainy, reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4), traces of reddish yellow slip (7.5YR Inclusions:
7/6).
red
medium
and
medium translucent many translucent white.
is even
and
it is not
taller;
of
366
B.C.
1st century
(P 7189)
AreaC-D P.H.
the
inside
in raised
letters
some
with
translucent
Late
Roman
translucent few
white;
6.3;
Entire
and
red
gray, of mica.
on
few
36.0. one-sixth about preserving on fine horizontal scoring with scored surface horizontally
larger tool. Pinkish buff fabric 1:medium hard, grainy, reddish yellow surface (ca. 5YR 7/6), light red
much
and
some sparkling.
fine
Inclusions:
few
very
Late
substantial
Helle
disturbance
(P 12065) PL 48
370
Est.
and
Graham,
Sackett
no.
p. 400,
1973,
white,
brown,
at 1.1, edge center of cover;
34.0; one-fourth left
slab,
8; Liidorf
Flat,
Four
evenly spaced, one side, top. At cover it. beside
in
grooves
through
pierced
0.9.
preserved.
fabric: hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6),
Nonstandard upper few very
not
underneath.
rough
finger-width two holes
with
at center
Th.
Diam.
ridge
surface
Inclusions:
lighter, self-slipped. perhaps and translucent white gray;
coarse
some
spar
kling. of
ca.
225-160
P1.48
(P14481)
AgoraV,
19,
p.
no.
under
F 89;Jones,
Graham,
and
Sackett 1973, p. 400, no. 1; Liidorf 1998-1999, p. 117, no. BD 34, fig. 47 (lid type C); Rotroff 2000a, p. 377. M 20:1, lower fill (POU) Diam.
of
Inclusions: 6/6). (2.5YR translucent gray; many
On
Opposite beside ridge
cover,
through
edge.
circumference, cover.
through
pierced
pierced
perhaps paler, self-slipped. dull white; many sparkling. Context of ca. 325-200, with
59, PL 48
sections
inner
holes
surface
371
Band
flight holes
around of
Flat,
gaps.
slightly thick
Edge
a finger wide cut out hole
about
1.4. two
coarse
Context
Fig.
est. Diam.
nonjoining circumference.
large
1.5, at center edge of rim in missing,
at either end. Pinkish buff fabric 1? slightly grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), the upper
concentric,
preserved.
fabric:
yellow flecks
few few
red;
thumb marks
with Hard,
context
Two
outside.
edge
the stamp BIOTTOfY]
Nonstandard
Ring 367 (P 14341) E15:4 H.
finished
field,
serifs.
to coarse
medium
coarse
one
with
(10R 5/6), with slightly darker core. Inclusions:
surface
core
finger-sized three this,
round
31.0.
in rectangular
at
Th.
grooves a lunate
About
fragment
inside,
of
Two side,
59, PL 48
Fig.
est. Diam.
Inclusions: medium
1998-1999, p. 117, no. BD 31, fig. 47 (lid type C). N 20:7, lower fill
40
12
6.8;
Small
to ca. a.d.
Part
300-210
one-third
Jones,
Context
beveled.
rounded
on
scored
and
slab, left rough underneath.
nistic
at all.
On
one
some
gray,
P 7976 (R 13:1, upper fill) has an even more bottom
ca.
35.3;
round
to
restored;
half of inside,
of lower body pitted. Around
surface horizontal
Diam. About
two
parts
of
shallow
(P5832) PL 48
369
16; Lii
(interior).
bottom
face
surface.
pale, perhaps self-slipped coarse to very dull white
ened.
rest.
1.0.
one-third
Broad,
outer
with
edge,
center ca.
preserving underside.
rough
at
near
Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 400, no. 7; Liidorf 1998-1999, p. 117, no. BD 30, fig. 46 (lid type C). E 14:1, lower fill no.
348,
p.
Flat,
1.7,
edge
sections
ridge
sparkling. Context of
59, PL 48
1973,
at
Th.
of lunate flight hole preserved. Probably Pinkish buff fabric 1. Soft, slightly powdery, thick, yellowish red (5YR
floor.
no. B 22, fig. 25 (type B 2).
pp. 87-88,
56.8;
H.
Sackett
and
groove
differ
large dull white. of 1st century
Fig. and
Graham,
Jones,
37.0;
nonjoining circumference.
5/6), coarse
of
Diam.
Two
made
Pinkish buff fabric 1:medium hard, grainy, light red (ca. 2.5YR6/6), very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Inclusions: some
Est.
59, PL 48
Fig.
D1L2 Graham,
antiq
3rd-century
368 (P 5824)
in
mended
century).
Context
with
material
364
and
uity: P 34616 from the lower fill of O 20:1 (3rd to early
Cover
some
with
in a
made
Another,
Part Flat
round
Two another hole
of
33.8;
Th.
1.9.
rim
and
wall,
slab,
left
with
rough
ridge underneath.
spaced, finger-width closely around hole pierced cut out of circumference
at
and
grooves center
and,
near
holes,
restored.
beveled. Edge around edge, of cover. Flight it, ridge
posi
POTTER'S over
tioned cover
two holes
the
with grooves, it. Nonstandard
beside
fabric:
pierced medium
Similar
through hard,
very
grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6), upper surface partly lighter,
medium
red
white
and
some
Inclusions:
self-slipped. perhaps dull white, very coarse
some
coarse
few
dark;
medium
and
translucent
gray, voids with
Nearly identical: P 11911 (AgoraV, p. 19, no. F 89, pi. 38 [N 19:1, upper fill]). Also similar: P 15564 (Liidorf 1998-1999, p. 118, no. BD 38, fig. 48). ca.
Est.
Sackett
1973,
no.
400,
p.
10; Lii
dorf 1998-1999, pp. 116-117, no. BD 28, fig. 46 (lid type C). Dll:2 Est.
Diam.
Small
Low
ca.
ridge
lighter
top,
very coarse Context
rim.
round
Flat,
left
slab
rough under
of parallel lines on this, edge. Within
impressions 3 cm inside
part
perhaps
Inclusions:
self-slipped.
no.
19, under
p.
Diam.
of
on
F 89;Jones,
per surface Outer two
of one
hole
a
with
many
red; many sparkling. of ca. 300-210
p. 115,
missing;
with relief straight
ridge
of it (at right side as photographed). into
divided zones
Traces
center
left rough underneath,
of
by concentric zone Third has
undecorated.
zone.
in central
relief
coarse
to very coarse tile fabric Corinthian
Up
zones
four
some
red; but
with
ridges. ivy gar fabric:
Nonstandard
soft, grainy, reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6). of
and
Graham,
2.0. edge and wall, with
rim
Part
top.
to the outside
at
Th.
38.0;
segment
decoration
land.
through cover and straight ridge beside it. fabric: soft, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6),
hole pierced Nonstandard on
2.0.
of
segment with
underneath, side.
Th.
37.0;
frag
250-210
partly restored. Disk
and
Graham,
a
P 9235,
Sackett 1973, p. 400, no. 5; Liidorf 1998-1999, no. DB 19, fig. 44 (lid type B). H 16:3 (Group B), south chamber
115-86
(P 8420) PL 48
Jones,
on
(T 516) PL 48
374
Small
372
ca.
of
Context
AgoraV,
of
occurs
combing
context from a 5th-century (Liidorf p. 84, no. B 2, fig. 12 [R 13:1, lower fill]).
1998-1999,
few
inclusions.
Context
irregular
of a hive
ment
few
Many
sparkling.
285
EQUIPMENT
Inclusions: many to
Similar sparkling. more inclu sparkling
sions.
Another relief hive cover: P17148 (AgoraV, p. 19, under no. F 89, pl. 38; Liidorf 1998-1999, p. 118, no. BD 37, a context
from
49)
fig.
of
the
1st and
a.d.
centuries
2nd
(B 20:1, lower fill). Other
ca.
of
Context
Forms
a few
with
320-220,
frag
2nd-century
ments
373
(P 33333)
59
Fig.
et al.
Lawall
2001,
375 (P 16116) P1.48 G 14:2, middle fill (POU?), at 13 m
176-177.
pp.
N10:2 P.H.
curves
side
cm
2.9
on combing two to three
at
top of fragment bottom and part
of
one-fourth
ca.
Hole
est. Diam.
14.8;
About
in diameter into
gently interior
at
wall.
wall,
horizontal
center
29.0. of
of
lower
floor.
wall.
Under vertical
Shallow,
irregular onto partway extending at base of interior grooves
floor; wall.
Nonstandard fabric: hard, highly fired (or burned), light red on interior surface and at core (2.5YR 6/6), with a gray band below each surface, brown (ca. 7.5YR 5/4) on most
of exterior
coarse
shiny
surface.
some
Inclusions:
coarse
to very
Rim
Diam.
41.0;
concentric vertical
wall
an
small
chipped;
ring missing.
has
Diam.
59, PL 49
Fig. preserved
rings:
10.0,
Heavy
disk with
ring
and
irregularly
all of outer
flat top, four
a by nearly cm Each of the inner three high. rings cm wide, are and the 1.5-2.0 openings no trace of outer clear from break; ring
rings ca. 3.5
opening Presence
aligned. of an opening
on
of one
piece
is
each
underside,
preserved.
Edge
medium
dark;
some
sparkling.
cm
irregular near center.
pierced
1:medium
and
of disk
slopes
inward.
of wall parts missing; left rough underneath. cut out from circumfer
disk, long
ridge
bordering surface. Irregular
it. Four
small
holes
Pinkish
buff
fabric
hard, fairly smooth, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). inclusions.
Many sparkling Small holes
and is
this
suggest
rim flat
arc
shallow
a hive
probably context
cut
from
circumference
cover.
EQUIPMENT 1994,
Leon-Mitsopoulou are the related
sibly
MC 767, with
following,
167-168, pp. pl. all from Roman
spiral instead of concentric on
circles
their
tops
a Late
(from
105.
Pos
deposits:
ridges, with Roman
well,
B
15:4); MC 61, larger (Diam. ca. 70.0 cm), with spiral rings a.d.
context); concentric
(6th-century low, possibly Context
ca.
of
150
MC
rings to end
Kiln
881, much
smaller
and with context).
(2nd-centuryA.D. of 1st century
made
Groups of parallel grooves applied vertically to walls of tool. Pinkish buff fabric 1: rings with a many-toothed medium hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/8). Inclusions: some
of
Large ca. 15.0
arc
stamped
of
1.1-1.4.
with
Cf.
28.3.
19.2,
restored.
Th.
2nd-century
376 (MC 182) E 15:3, lower fill 5.6;
one-fourth
ence,
Wheel
P.H.
42.0;
partly Shallow
gray.
POTTER'S Potter's
Diam. About
Furniture
377
(P 17163) Fig. 59
Area B 21, lots EE 290, HS 291, in post-Sullan H.
1.8; Diam.
Intact.
surface.
on
Rough
Nonstandard Traces
drain
4.3. top,
as
of
clay(?)
and
cut
though
fabric: hard, yellowish red
a
from
red (5YR5/6),
coloring
(?) on
tube.
light
surface.
286
CATALOGUE
Others from the Agora: MC 579, MC 577 (AgoraXXII, p. 93, nos. 414,415, pi. 72). Cf. Massa 1992, pp. 200-202, no. 571-587, pis. 84,123 (Lemnos, kiln supports); Chari tonides
1981,
nos.
179,
p.
A. 353-356,
figs.
5:a,
4:v,
of
378
B.C.
1st century
to
pi.
(P8131) Fig. 59
2.9; Diam.
preserved.
with
center,
beveled
beside
ter, wheel
of
clay to hole.
and
marks,
part
edge;
it. Bits
One
some
with
150-100,
379 (P 18745) M21:l
383
Classical
59, PL 49
Fig.
H.
8.2.
1.8;
59, PL 49
Fig.
M2L1 est. Diam.
About
7.5.
three-fourths
ca.
of
and
of wall
rim
Attic
missing.
About
59, PL 49
59, Pl. 49
4.2.
Attic
fine
of
fabric. ca.
before
H.
4.4;
rest.
170,
rim
wall
and
and
of
part
central
ridge missing. Attic fine fabric. Context of ca. 250-170
of
or
a "skin"
and
at bottom
Diam.
chipped. Yellowish
6.5. of
fabric.
Fig.
Three-fourths
two-thirds
fine
with
some
later
385 (P 14469) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 200:4. M 20:1, middle fill Fig.
est. Diam.
1.5;
Attic
missing.
250-170
1.4; Diam.
Intact.
59, PL 49
distur
fine
250-170
381 (MC 1675) M21:l H.
hard,
bance
fabric. Context
ca.
of
Context
1.6;
over
fabric:
4.5. rim
and
384 (P 21074) H-K 12-14
(H-K 12-14).
H.
(MC 1676)
H.
cen
to underside,
Fig.
est. Diam.
of wall
Context
Rim chipped. Attic fine fabric. Similar but a little smaller: P 21073 Context of ca. 250-170 380
at
pierced off
hole,
through early 1st century, with a
(MC 1677)
Most
1.5; Diam.
hole
another
adhering Nonstandard
M2L1
H.
of
Probably Attic fine fabric, pale slip.
ca.
of
9.0.
one-third
Context of Classical little Roman
6.0.
Edges chipped. Context
est. Diam.
white.
D 10:3 H.
1.4;
About
fine, reddish brown (5YR 5/4), light yellowish brown surface Inclusions: many very fine (ca. 10YR 6/4).
a.d.
1st century
H.
47:rj
(Athens); Kalpaxis, Furtwangler, and Schnapp 1994, p. 106, no. K256, fig. 31, pi. 32 (Eleutherna, 2nd century to first third of 1st century). Context
382 (P 4326) Fig. 59 E 15:7, second fill from top
8.5,
59, Pl. 49
at
circumference
Edges
on surface. Small bits of clay
deposit
residue
top 6.3. restored.
on
some
surfaces.
with
substantial
Attic
fab
fine
ric. Context
for
vessels
oil
and
of
ca.
115-86
unguents
SMALL SHAPES, MOSTLY OF BLISTER WARE Context
Aryballos
nistic
386
(P 4459) 354,
p.
AgoraXll,
60, PL 49
Fig. no.
1681,
pi.
77.
Part Thin,
Diam.
6.9;
of underside
of body and
on
grooves
diagonal
9.0, about
of
rim.
3.7.
shoulder.
H. of wall
one-third
restored. Blister
Handmade.
ware: hard, fine, gray(?); reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Cf. Corinth VII.3, p. 148, nos. 761, 768, pis. 35, 64; Corinth XVIII. 1, p. 164, no. 476, pi. 48 (late third quarter of 4th century). Context of ca. 350-late 290s 387 (P 6319) E 14:1, lower fill H. Most made
6.9; Diam. of body;
neck
of body 9.2, of and part and
60, PL 49
Fig.
underside
rim
rim
3.3.
of wall
wheelmade.
restored. Blister
smooth gray(?); reddish yellow surface
ca.
325-200,
ware:
(5YR 6/6).
Hand hard,
Late
Helle
Fig. 60, PL 49
388 (P 5936) E 14:1, lower fill
F 11:2, upper fill H.
of
disturbance
6.9;
About
of
Diam. half
of
rim
body and
8.2, part
of
rim
of wall
3.7. Underside
restored.
meets wall at slight angle. Squat body decorated with two rows of indentations formed by pressing finger into wet clay
(fingerprints
hard,
smooth,
Handmade? present). red toward surface; gray,
mottled
surface,
to brown,
orange-brown
ware:
Blister thin with
wash a
on
slightly
sheen.
metallic
Similar thin wash: P 11454 (E 5:2, lower fill), 392. Similar decoration: P 4119 (Agora XII, p. 353, no. 1676, pl. 77). Similarly offset rim: P 8415 (D 11:2); P 11454 (E 5:2, lower fill). Context nistic
of
disturbance
ca.
325-200,
with
substantial
Late
Helle
UNGUENTARIA
FUSIFORM 60
389 (P 10894) Fig. D 11:4, lower fill
p. dim.
nonjoining
underside
preserving
(b, c). Wheelmade.
sharp
handle,
ware:
Blister
hard,
very
reddish yellow slip (5YR inclusions. Small voids. on
to underside
angle
CorinthXVIII.
neck,
(a), and small parts of lower wall
smooth, dark gray (5YR 4/1), 7/6). Few medium dull white Same
(c) 4.3.
5.1,
(b)
fragments
and part of rim and wall and
two
small
frag
ments: P 4048 (Thompson 1934, p. 368, no. C 78, fig. 53 [G 6:2]); P 11455 (E 5:2, lower fill). Neck fragments of similar wheelmade examples: P 4880 (H 6:4, unknown P 8596 unknown depth). 6:2, (E depth); Context
ca.
of
to late
200
1st century,
some
with
Context
3.6. stub. Neck
made
separately.
soft, smooth, light gray/gray pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Small voids, some
white
containing Context
with
225-175,
P.H.
P.H.
Diam.
4.0;
Neck
and
of
rim.
a few
later
Early
ca.
of
Roman
a few
with
290,
Diam.
of
sections
nonjoining
and neck
later
intrusions
60, Pl. 49 7.5; max.
rim
dim.
p.
(a)
within
neck.
(a) and
spout
preserving
part
(b). Parts of six holes preserved Wheelmade.
spout.
Tapering
rim
no.
21,
Context
394
3.8. made
ware:
Blister
separately.
a few
with
200-150,
some
voids, Many inclusions.
context:
Cf.
and
3rd-century
A-D
P.H.
in
Blister
few
white;
of another,
CorinthVll.3,
spar with
some
shallow,
in Ro
found no.
149,
p.
778,
1, p. 165, no. 479; KenchreaiW,
225-165
60
Fig.
14-17
1.4; Diam.
Most
of
of neck
4.3. small
with
strainer,
parts
of
lower
mouth,
upper body, and handle. Strainer in neck pierced with one large central hole, with six (of seven?) smaller holes around
pieces
Gr47,pl.5. of ca.
dull
and
large
of mouth
P 33312.
(P 20385)
Area
coarse
to very
medium
many
pis. 36, 64; CorinthXVIII.
pieces
hard, smooth, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), gray core; red dish yellow surface (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: some fine red, few fine dull white. Small voids. Context
est.
Small fragment
60
Neck
last quar
(oinochoe,
Fig.
4.2;
(b)
kling. white
p.
391 (P 11422) Fig. F 5:1, middle fill
44
pl.
4.5.
man
inclusions.
ca.
of
ca.
of before
393 (P 31872) M 18:10
sions:
handle
Thick wall. Blister ware: (7.5YR N6/);
388,
ware: hard, slightly grainy, thin, light red (2.5YR 6/6), (5YR 7/6). Inclu gray core; reddish yellow surface/slip
rim
of and
mouth,
decoration,
Filter Jug
Two
60
390 (P 28201) Fig. F 17:4, lower fill
154, no.
1, p.
of mouth
3.3; Diam.
incised
oinochoe).
sieve
P.H.
For
388.
ter of 4th century); Miller 1979, pp. 80,92, pis. 23:a, 33:d (Nemea, oinochoe); Miller 1982, p. 33, pl. 14:e (Nemea,
Clas
sical material
Neck,
see
thin wash,
similar
cf. Corinth VII.3, p. 149, nos. 776, 777, pl. 64 (duck askos);
(a) 5.9; max.
P.H. Three
For
287
perimeter.
Gray
red
fabric,
unguentarium
core;
blistered.
Other
Date:
Shapes
M 60, PL 49 Fig. 1678, pi. 77; Agora XXVII,
392
(P 22491) Agora XII, p. 354, no.
p.
no.
184, O-R
127,
impressed Wheelmade.
(2.5YR 6/6) surface.
8.3;
est. Diam.
shoulder.
circles
incised below
p.
lower
ivy garland and parallel hard,
curved
wall, to
right, curved
slightly
with
row
lines
above.
grainy,
same
shoul
light
of
red
toward outside, gray toward inside; thin wash few
Inclusions:
fine
white
Diam.
Nine
12.0.
Steep
ware:
Blister
60 n.
208,
22.
E 3:1, lower fill Est.
p. dim. of Fragment der. On shoulder,
on
Agora
7-10
Max.
XII,
context.
No
century.
Wide-Mouthed Jar 395 (P 7727) Fig.
41.
pi.
3rd
and
gray,
some
of
foot
of fragments of one handle
rim,
and
at
rim
least at
attached
wheelmade.
parently
of
11.0,
five
Blister
Context
sparkling.
on
blisters of
ca.
all
from
of foot, of wall.
sections
rim, with shouldering. ware: hard, smooth,
reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Prominent
18.0.
not sections, certainly are about one-third
nonjoining vessel. Preserved
Few sparkling
the three
Trace Ap gray;
inclusions.
surface.
325-250
FUSIFORM UNGUENTARIA Blister-Ware
and
Amphoras
Unguentaria
396 (P 6154) Fig. 60, PL 50 Shear 1936, p. 37; Williams 59, 1969, p. fig. 9; Wil liams 1970, p. 5; Agora XII, pp. 339-340, no. 1484, pi.
63.
29.5;
narrow
black
bands,
wide
narrow black band. Wide
D15:3 H.
Part of rim and neck and some fragments of belly missing; partly restored. Red band flanked by black bands on lower body. On belly, three double lilies in red. Shoulder: wide black band, wide red band, six
four Diam.
of
foot
9.2,
of
body
22.5,
of
rim
12.0.
narrower
red
bands
black
above,
wide
band,
black band
red
band,
at base of neck,
narrow
black
band,
288 wide
black
Two
band.
red
on
bands
inside rim. Black paint on handles; define
zone.
handle
black
rim,
band
vertical black strokes
ware:
Blister
CATALOGUE
fired
hard,
and
gray
red (10R 5/6) in break: on foot gray with red core, at rim red with gray core. Inclusions: many large (to 4 mm) dull
ca.
of
Neck
and
surface
Diam.
of
rim, with
outside,
trace
of
face
dull
Orange-red ware: Blister
of rim.
coarse
on
band
inside
(red
coarse
Inclusions: many dark
to very and
gray,
coarse dark red. Surface slightly blistered round
few
and with many
Many
ca.
pi. 49, the comparisons
Gray
(P 8976) p.
AgoraXIl, H.
28.0;
of
on
preserved each side, medium
of
red
fine
red;
gray
of
on on
belly. surface
rim
10.7.
of belly, and attachment
on
bands
lilies
fine,
18.2,
much of handle
red
double
smooth,
on
shoulder;
ware:
Blister (10YR
(P 19533)
few
very
tiny
sparkling.
Surface
inclu
375-350
60
Fig.
no.
p. 340, under Agora XII, S 19:3, unknown depth P.H. 3.3. of
Fragment
of cylindrical band
shoulder
narrow
stripe
1489.
lower
and
part
of
neck.
Base
at
junction
of body
and
neck
and at top of shoulder. Blister ware: gray/light gray (10YR 6/1), light red core (10R 6/6); pink slip inside and out inclusions; few sparkling. (7.5YR 7/4). White Similar fabric: 400. of
Context
ca.
traces
(P2871) Thompson
p.
340,
under
1489;
Corinth
G 13:4, lower fill (POU) P.H.
6.4;
Diam.
6.7.
110:1, so
described, from
Corinth,
later
slightly
pieces
Fig. 61, PL 51 8.3; Diam.
of foot
mouth
and
neck,
of
part
below lower WTiite rim, slip outside. stripe on upper 18 red stripes shoulder; running to upper shoulder. top of neck Gray unguentarium red core.
fabric,
and
of
in cistern
another
outside:
traces of lily inside, gloss context from of ca. 450-350
with
P 33960, in area
system
F 5. Similar
but
inside,
unglazed
a fragment from the pillaged foundation trench of the at R in of the late 4th and fill 9, mostly Square Peristyle, Cf. Corinth C-68-181 3rd (Wil (P 31757). century early liams 1969, p. 57, fig. 8). Context
ca.
of
300-265
402 (P 30944) R13:9
at base light
on
neck,
mouth. and
of neck,
Six
red
rim
of and
neck, near
Mouth, brown
VII.3,
(Group A)
p.
145.
61, PL 51
Fig.
Diam.
10.6;
side,
5.6.
shoulder. upper White stripe
on
Two
shoulder.
on
one
neck,
Shiny on rim,
of red
colors
above
in gloss below rim,
red
lower
stripes.
white
stripe on shoulder. Dark red stripe ten to eleven and the three white stripes, on shoulder. red pointed of two dark Tips red core. fabric, Gray unguentarium
stripes one below
white
flanking stripes red stripes dark on body petals Cf. 403 for petals. Context of ca. 300-265
61
403 (P 25696) Fig. Area I-J 16-18 P.H.
ration
Diam.
16.2;
Mouth,
neck,
mostly to ca.
inside
350-300
60, Pl. 51 Fig. 1934, p. 327, no. A 68, fig. 9; Agora XII, no.
no.
tan
of
neck,
rim
400
vessel
a few
with
sections:
rather tall. In brown gloss:
neck, probably
on neck,
apt. A
be
325-260,
nonjoining
P.H.
399
fabric
shoulder and one handle (P 30950); foot and lower part of body (P 30948). Smooth underside. Black gloss inside,
5/1),
Two more large examples from the lower fill of this deposit: P 8977 (Agora XII, p. 340, no. 1486, pl. 63); P 8978. For profile of rim, cf. 397. ca.
is the
6.0.
sions.
of
case
1966, p. 85,
XIV,
Inclusions: fine to large yellow
slightly lumpy with frequent round voids with white
Context
Kerameikos
Amphoras and Oversize Unguentaria 401 (P 30948, P 30950) R13:9 P.H. (P 30950) 15.2, (P 30948)
Fragments decoration
body
Trace
Two
(10R 5/6).
few
pl.
8.7,
restored.
hard,
ish white,
63.
half of mouth,
shoulder.
three
red in break
1485,
foot
missing;
of underside
part
no.
lower fill
Diam.
Handles
60, PL 51
Fig.
Q 13-14:1,
vestigial
description
Unguentarium
on
375-350
340,
and
not
may
(C-37-26). larger Context of ca.
from
398
Inventory
voids.
55:3, Beilage in neither though
Two
of
shallow
large,
144.1,
voids.
For the sharply cut profile of the rim, see 398;Williams 1969, 1969, p. 57, C-68-172, fig. 8 (Corinth); Andronikos p. 28,pl.l35:p (Vergina). Context
Two
missing.
shoulder.
medium
a light self-slip
in streaks,
very
of original of neck,
at base
bands
preserved, some
white,
most
shoulder;
probably originally
better
dish yellow, 5YR 7/6). coarse
at
of the same fabric, is very close in shape, though
painted and white.
hard gray (2.5YN5/);
60, Pl. 50
Fig. 11.4.
orange-red on diagonal
much
surface
neck
restored;
body handles
records two black bands on belly, a black and a red and two black on shoulder (no longer visible). Blister ware: (5YR fairly soft, smooth, gray; reddish yellow surface/slip 7/6). Inclusions: many very fine to fine red and yellow.
no.
rim
Four
missing.
alternating vertical and
Surface
gray.
375-300
(P 33301) Q 13-14:1, lower fill 10.2;
and
of
Similar fabric: 399. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel
397
P.H.
red
dark gray below, with pink
very lumpy, mostly above (7.5YR7/4). Context
coarse
some
white,
yellowish
Parts horizontal
and
of
missing. 1 cm below
more down
continuing
rim
of part
8.3.
Neck
made
rim.
Cf. Date:
Gray unguentarium 402 for petals. first
One
one
third
of 4th
century.
red
No
Black stripe entire
with
petals project fabric,
Deco
handle.
separately dark red
below, covering probably to shoulder and ending
bands. Tips of three pointed bands.
and
shoulder
core.
context.
gloss below
neck, two wide
into lowest
404 (P 1887) H-K 1?-14 4.6; and
gloss
of
lowest
inside.
ca.
(P 26044) 17:5
H.
170,
No
underside.
Smooth
gloss inside. White band flanked by dark red stripes below at base
lip, Gray
of
on
belly.
core.
red of
another
one
and
shoulder
fabric,
unguentarium
Fragments
on
two
of neck,
same
the
about
with
size,
Date:
3rd
Roman
ca.
of
Context
century.
Rest.
H.
P.H.
Diam.
28.4; of
and
foot,
mouth
two on
no.
1491,
H.
7.1; Diam.
Foot around of
capacity Underside
chipped.
below
belly, dark
thin,
unguentarium For a similar of
Context
stripes red fabric,
shape ca. 325-250
rim
and
Diam.
two
in
band
red
dark
stripes traces Gray
core.
in a different
see
fabric,
493.
of
body
broad shoulder, Gray
missing. on shoulder.
stripes with
on
White
two
Six
below
top to seven
red
core;
blistered.
409
probably
of first half of 3rd century
62, PL 52 Fig. no. B Anderson 1934, 344, 44, 22; p. Thompson fig. Stojanovic 1987, p. 108, fig. 2. H 16:3 (Group B), drawshaft H.
(P 636)
7.9; Diam.
belly. four
Broad
Dark
red
above
white
flanking red core.
white
white
1958,
p. 759,
8, with
fig.
pottery
belly.
Gray
of first
quar
ca.
of
290-250
6.0; Diam. and
neck
upper in underside. dark
Three
belly. white
3.3.
on
stripes
missing.
White on
stripes shoulder
stripe shoulder
and
belly.
and
shoulder, two
and Gray
shallow
broad,
Rough, on neck,
between
unguentarium
fabric, fired light reddish brown (5YR 6/4), gray core. Similar: P 4095 (Thompson 1934, p. 336, no. B 7, fig. 15 [H 16:3, blind tunnel leading from south chamber]). Cf. Braun 1970, pp. 140-141, no. 88, pl. 56 (Diplyon WellBr Abschnittll, ca. 280-260), perhaps slightly earlier. Context
ca.
of
325-250
413 (P 26057) L17:7 H.
and
der,
Diam.
6.9;
Intact.
3.4;
White
Dark
another
stripe, below
stripe.
Gray
two
in
lip and red
stripes:
to three
white
18 cc.
capacity
inside
belly.
62, Pl. 52
Fig.
stripe,
unguentarium
stripe two on
on
neck,
shoul
neck
flanking shoulder and
on spiral stripes two on belly flanking red core. fabric,
white
Fired similarly to 415,418,419, and P 17602 (B 18:13, lower fill). Cf. Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 396, fig. 22 there
(Kerameikos), Context
of
ca.
dated
early
3rd
century.
310-210
4.2.
Large pieces of belly and part of foot missing. underside.
and shoulder, on neck; on shoulder
neck,
(P 7350) Fig. 62
white
Context
on
stripe two
much
of neck uncertain.
stripes: flanking white above spiraling stripe on two white stripe flanking core. red fabric,
P.H.
white
lower
fabric,
unguentarium
of
and
of mouth,
height
W^hite
Mouth
62, PL 52
Fig.
5.6.
one-third
on stripes on shoulder.
dark
Two
original
red-purple eight below,
groove
diameter; greatest neck and shoulder.
on
408 (P 30205) Area T 18, lot PP 207 H. 8.1; About
smooth. of
point
red
cc.
most
body,
E 3:1, lower fill
63.
29
6.6.
of
ter of 3rd century (Thessaloniki); Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 396, fig. 22 (Kerameikos), there dated early 3rd
412 pi.
4.3;
to
unguentarium Cf. Daux
62, PL 52
E 3:1, lower fill
Diam.
underside.
century. Context
Fig.
340,
p.
marks
Category 1
Small Unguentaria: 407 (P7381) AgoraXll,
re
neck
String and
Category 2
restored;
one
and
of upper one-third body in underside. Crack missing. on shoulder on underside. Two white stripes fabric. belly. Gray unguentarium of ca. 115-86 Context Part
stored;
ca.
one-third
Dark
belly. seven
9.2.
Gray
12.0;
About
Smooth
406 (P 14400) Fig. 61 Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 200:1. M 20:1, middle fill
shoul white
disturbance
of neck
pieces.
above
stripes red core. fabric, unguentarium with Late Helle substantial 325-200,
shoulder. of
red
on stripe and below
in one
and
62, Pl. 52 Fig. 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, Thompson 1971, fig. 37. p. 129, no. 13:5, pl. 54:a; Thompson C17:2
a few
with
115-86,
two dark
cc.
20
capacity top of rim
Small Unguentaria: 411 (P 18472)
striping and vestigial handles: P 8416 from D 11:2.
purple
to
on stripe Context
of body 10.7. of body missing.
3.6; on
White
one
nistic
pieces
Diam.
6.9;
Intact.
61
Fig.
Diam.
33.5; few
frag
2nd-century
(P5829) Fig. 62
H.
distur
later
der;
A
a few
with
320-220,
E 14:1, lower fill
context).
some
with
410
core.
red
fabric,
(area B 21 in lst-century
before
No
underside.
Recessed
bance
405 0
ca.
of
5.8.
of body.
unguentarium
Gray of
foot
part
Similar: P 17162 Context
Context ments
Diam.
P.H. Foot
61
Fig.
289
UNGUENTARIA
FUSIFORM
white
stripe two
on
neck,
Smooth
shoulder, on stripe
and
white neck; flanking on shoulder; and one below two stripe on fabric, belly. Gray unguentarium stripe stripes:
414 (P 16127) G 14:2, middle H.
8.0; Diam.
Part stripe shoulder.
of mouth on
neck, Gray
62, PL 52 m
Fig. fill (POU?), at 14.00-14.50 3.7. missing. two on
unguentarium
Smooth upper
underside. shoulder, fabric.
One one
on
purple lower
CATALOGUE
290
Similar tone of firing: 421,422, P 28797 (J 5:1, II-VI), and P 10300 (Lenormant Street Grave 4). Context of 4th and 3rd century
419
(P 15169) Fig. 62
Rotroff 1994c, p. 22, fig. 2. N 21:4, lower fill P.H.
415
(P6320) Fig. 62
Diam.
12.3;
Foot
5.8. mouth
chipped, underside.
E 14:1, lower fill
Smooth
H.
red: two belly. Dark two to three spiral
Diam.
17.9;
7.5.
Chip of neck and rim missing; on
parts of belly restored.
one
Dark
and
spiral two
Gray
fabric, fired flanking stripes on belly. Gray unguentarium core brown (10YR 5/1). (10YR 5/2), gray grayish For similar fabric color, see 413 and others listed
core.
White:
single two
red: stripes
stripe
stripes and
flanking above white
neck, on
and
shoulder, two
neck;
one
to
on
below
belly. three
shoulder;
white flanking white shoulder white
flanking fired fabric,
fabric
similar
413
stripe; stripe on
stripe brown
grayish
see
color,
and
shoulder,
light reddish brown above
(10YR 5/2),
belly. below
red
(5YR 6/4),
and
others
listed
there. Context
there.
Context of ca. 325-200, nistic disturbance
neck,
stripes
unguentarium
For
on
above
stripes
two
below;
stripe on neck,
stripes
in underside.
Crack
missing.
White
ca.
of
250-210
substantial Late Helle
with
(P9323) Fig. 62
420
K18:2 416 (P 16216) Fig. N 21:4, middle fill P.H.
Diam.
11.4;
H.
Trace
shoulder.
of
Context
ca.
white
on
5.9;
rim
and
mouth,
Smooth
neck,
two
neck; on
Dark
two
shoulder;
red:
belly. three stripes
to
above
flanking
stripes
fabric, fired brown
(7.5YR
core.
red
5/2),
White
underside. and
shoulder,
on
flanking stripes and one below
cc.
112
capacity
chipped.
on belly. Gray unguentarium
core.
red fabric, see 417.
of
vestigial
stripe on belly. Gray
Two dark red stripes flanking white unguentarium For handles,
stripe two
handle.
Diam.
13.6;
Foot
7.4.
above
Missing
62
Similar but smaller: P 6322 (E 14:1, lower fill); P 28643
225-170
(P2L4).
417
(P 15129) Fig. 62
Context
F 19:2, upper fill P.H.
(a)
8.1,
foot
to five
stripe
spiraling
on
neck
Gray unguentarium Also with handles:
For
416.
on on
stripe below
on
H.
shoulder.
shoulder.
1994, p. 159, no. 358:1, pi. 67; Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou p. 366, pi. 282:e, right (Pherai); ArchDelt 21, B'2 (1966 [1968]), p. 336, pi. 358:e (Thessaloniki); Drougou and 1980, pp. 41-42, no. n 1260, pi. 16 (Ver Touratsoglou 1994, p. 199, no. 364, fig. 75, oia); Lilimpaki-Akamati 1996, p. 102, no. 6, fig. pi. 36, and Lilimpaki-Akamati 25,
p.
nos.
Ill,
40:oc,
4, 5, pi.
no.
139,
p, p.
32,
pi.
p.
no.
55-56,
I, pp.
708,
15,
pi.
top
left; Histria
Context nistic
Diam.
13.3;
6.7;
neck,
white
shoulder,
stripe
shoulder, guentarium
on two
150
capacity
belly. five
Dark
neck;
flanking red
fabric,
white
to
red: six
two
above
stripe
on
stripes white belly.
band
flanking stripe Gray
on un
core.
ca.
of
325-200,
listed
Late
substantial
with
Helle
62, Pl. 52
Fig. 18 cc. 3.3; capacity Two underside. Smooth
7.7; Diam.
H. Foot
chipped. and on
neck
shoulder.
fabric
similar
color,
of
Context
ca.
before
dark
Gray unguentarium see 414 and others
similar in shape: P 28797
red
stripes fabric.
listed
there.
(J 5:1, II-VI). with
170,
some
later
distur
(P5830) Fig. 62
423 H.
5.9; Diam.
Rim
and
and
shoulder, neck;
foot
two
to
250-190
2.9;
capacity White chipped. Dark red: belly.
three
spiraling
below on shoulder; fabric,
unguentarium
Cf. ArchDelt 19, B'2 (1964 [1966]), p. 199, pi. 234 (Kleidi, Boiotia); Daux 1958, p. 759, fig. 8, with vases of first quarter of 3rd century (Thessaloniki). ca.
to
white
E 14:1, lower fill
there.
of
below
others
and
neck two
cc.
underside. White
Smooth
Identical and from same context: P 17602 (capacity 146 cc.). For similar fabric color, see 413 and others listed
Context
414
on
bance
Part of foot missing. on
62, PL 52
stripes one stripe fabric.
Gray unguentarium see fabric color,
Smooth
stripe on neck;
12-14
For
Fig.
flanking shoulder;
(P 27431)
Also 418 (P 17603) B 18:13, lower fill
on
White
disturbance
H-K
on
no.XXIX:l,pl.91. context 3rd-century
dented.
body red: two
there.
II,
183,
H.
spiral on belly. similar
422
52:e.5
Dark
of belly missing.
fragment
stripes
stripe For
(Pella); ArchDeltTl, B'2 (1972 [1977]), p. 676, pi. 631:cc (Astypalaia, probably of a different fabric); Fouilles de Xanthos
Lower
belly.
three
cf. KerameikoslX,
fragments
4.2.
chipped,
underside. and
handles,
Diam.
9.8;
Foot
four
neck;
later
E 14:1, lower fill
(a) and
core.
red
fabric,
one
and
white flanking white and one
stripes above
a few
with
260-180,
(P 5795) Fig. 62
421
8.4.
pieces of neck and shoulder
one
(b). White: red: two
Dark
est. Diam.
2.7;
(b)
Two nonjoining
ca.
of
9 cc.
on mouth, neck, stripe on two stripes flanking one and above white stripe
two flanking red
stripes on belly. Gray
core.
Similar: P 6321 (capacity also 9 cc), from same deposit; P 13484; P 22486 (P-R 6-12). Context nistic
of
disturbance
ca.
325-200,
with
substantial
Late
Helle
FUSIFORM
UNGUENTARIA
430
Category 3
Small Unguentaria:
(P 28981)
H.
(P 1878) Fig. 63
424 H-K
12-14
P.H.
14.1;
underside.
belly. Gray Context
and
3.4;
foot
and chips
White
unguentarium of before
on
stripe fabric. ca.
and
shoulder,
some
with
170,
of body missing.
neck,
distur
later
Gray
19 cc.
capacity
chipped.
White
on mouth.
Burning on mouth,
unguentarium
Smooth
and
neck,
stripe fabric.
5.6.
half of neck,
Mouth, Smooth
8.9; Diam.
Rim underside.
Diam.
63, PL 52
Fig.
P6:6
underside
Smoothed
291
shoulder.
the capacity) Found with 427 (with about double and 454 (with about the same capacity). Similar: P 5817 (E 14:1, lower fill). Context
ca.
of
260-175
bance
431 (P 18753) M21:l
(P 19756) Fig. 63
425
P-R 6-12 P.H.
H. Diam.
13.2;
Neck
5.8.
of body missing.
and about one-third
underside.
White
on
stripe ca.
and
neck, shoulder, core.
belly.
8.7; Diam.
on mouth,
Diam.
9.8;
3.9;
on mouth,
tarium fabric, fired
cc.
34
and
shoulder,
belly.
unguen
Gray
light reddish brown
ca.
source.
different
earlier
with
context,
Others,
Rim
neck, red
fabric, Found
4.2;
Context
433
Smooth
of
Context
cc.
underside. and
belly. with
others
(19 cc); 454
ca.
H.
10.5;
Rim
Diam.
chipped.
belly. Gray Context
Gray
H.
stripe
9 cc.
capacity
on mouth,
stripe
3.8;
of
capacities
26
capacity
Wftiite
Similar: P 12024 of
streaky source. Context
surface
stripe fabric. ca.
3.8;
of
are
before
shoul
(7.5YR 5/2),
(N 20:6, lower fill). ca.
before
(P 18755)
approxi
H.
4.9;
170,
some
with
distur
later
2.1;
Smooth and
63
Fig.
Diam.
Intact.
of
ca.
capacity underside.
belly. Gray ca. 250-170
170,
435 (P 18754) M21:l
cc.
on
neck,
and
shoulder,
H.
3 cc.
White
stripe fabric.
unguentarium
on
neck,
with
some
later
distur stripe
and
63
Fig.
7.3; Diam.
Rim
63, Pl. 52
Fig.
neck,
and
neck,
fabric, fired brown
core.
(17 cc).
36
capacity
2.4;
foot
13 cc.
capacity
Smooth
chipped.
on mouth,
neck,
Smooth
shoulder,
and
unusual; ca.
possibly
170,
with
could
and
shoulder,
underside. belly.
Gray
White
from
some
these
of
features
ca.
belly.
White
Gray
also
deposits
occur
unguen
(5YR 5/3). source.
Note
and the lack of definition
from contemporary Context
different
underside.
in gray
also
of a foot,
unguentaria
(436, 473).
250-170
unguen
a different
later
indicate
the slender profile although
cc.
tarium fabric, light reddish brown surface (5YR 6/3), dark gray core (10YR 4/1), streaky buff slip. Probably part of gray series, but oxidized firing and
bance
2.8; White
chipped.
shoulder,
and rim chipped.
on mouth,
distur
63, PL 52
Fig.
7.0; Diam.
434
unguentarium
12-14
Foot
later
63
Fig.
unguentarium of before
Diam.
some
12-14
Color
11.0;
unguen
Gray
stripe on
White
260-175
(P 22815)
H-K
belly.
with
tarium fabric, fired reddish brown
429
twisted. WTiite
bance
bance
H.
170,
(P 27432)
Context
428 (P 2242) H-K 12-14
ca.
before
M2L1 two
and
shoulder,
der. Gray unguentarium
core. with
11 cc.
capacity
neck,
of
H-K
63, PL 52
38
capacity
shoulder,
half: 430
mately
2.9;
fabric.
Context
chipped.
mouth,
63
appar
material
Fig.
Diam.
250-170
Fig.
on mouth,
Rim
427 (P 28980) P6:6 10.3;
stripe
unguentarium
bance
red
H.
Gray
12-14 8.2; Diam.
stripe tarium
225-170.
lst-century
belly.
Foot chipped. Smooth underside. Neck
(5YR 6/4) with
ently contemporary, with this firing: P 1455 (H-K 12-14); P 20331 (Agora XXVII, p. 198, no. 224, pl. 51 [Q8-9]). 426 is perhaps intrusive from middle fill of N 21:4, which dates
(P 22905)
H.
near foot. gray patch Color indicate may
and
shoulder, ca.
of
H-K
capacity
neck,
neck,
Context
Rim chipped. Some rough places on underside. White stripe
Fairly smooth underside. White
150
432
H.
18 cc.
capacity
fabric.
63
426 (P 15064) Fig. N 21:4, upper fill
3.2;
Rim chipped.
red
fabric,
Gray unguentarium Context of before
Smooth
63
Fig.
distur
Uneven
436
underside
(P 1576)
H-K H.
Fig.
63
12-14 6.8;
Diam.
2.4;
capacity
Foot chipped. Uneven traces
of
string
marks.
7 cc.
but smoothed White
stripe
on
underside mouth,
with neck,
CATALOGUE
292 shoulder,
and
belly.
Gray
of
before
ca.
red
fabric,
unguentarium
core. Context
some
with
170,
later
distur
bance
Small 443 (P 16261) Fig. Rotroff 1994c, p. 22, fig. 21. N 21:4, lower fill H.
437
(P 23603)
63
Fig.
Q9:4 H.
Diam.
6.4;
2.3;
on underside.
marks
and
der,
Context
belly. of
White
Large 438 (P 22214)
String shoul
neck,
neck
H.
63
Fig.
no.
198,
p.
225,
stripe fabric.
51.
pl.
12.3;
4.0;
and foot
on mouth,
Smooth
underside.
and
shoulder, ca.
of before
Gray
belly.
unguen
on
neck
rest.
17.9;
H.
of
on mouth, fabric,
in
Similar foot
and
and
shoulder,
neck, red core.
in underside.
Body dented and twisted. White
Smooth underside.
to 514,
profile
belly.
which,
on
unguentarium
some
with
distur
later
however,
has a plain is of a different
and
63
Fig. 2.8;
mouth,
12 cc.
capacity
ca.
before
underside.
Smooth
and
neck,
of
H.
belly.
170,
Gray some
with
White
unguentarium distur
later
2.7;
11 cc.
capacity
and rim chipped.
on mouth,
neck,
of
before
(P 24932) Fig. 63
(P 1534)
Fig.
and
shoulder, ca.
White
underside.
Smooth
tarium fabric, fired brown
225-160
63, PL 53
Fig.
Diam.
8.8;
Foot
Context
440
Gray
White
bance
stripe ca.
of
170,
446 (P 22814) H-K 12-14
unguentarium
fabric. Context
ca.
before
underside.
shoulder.
stripe
Gray
wheel-ridging,
pronounced
lower
and rim chipped.
Context Crack
restored.
body
Smooth
chipped.
Diam.
9.1;
stripe fabric.
6.1.
Diam. of
half
fabric,
unguentarium
7 cc.
capacity
and
445 (P 1948) H-K 12-14
170
N 20:7, lower fill H.
White
White
(P 14293) Fig. 63
About
2.7;
and foot
Foot
439
string
marks.
bance
core.
red
fabric,
Context
capacity
chipped. neck,
cc.
48
Gray
care
Underside
of
63
Fig.
Diam.
8.5;
Context Diam.
leaving shoulder.
and
444 (P 1914) H-K 12-14
Category 4
Rim
XXVII,
Rim stripe tarium
on
traces
fired reddish brown (5YR 5/3). Context of ca. 250-210
Q8-9 H.
chipped.
blistered.
fabric;
Gray unguentarium ca. 250-150
Small Unguentaria:
Agora
on mouth,
stripe
stripe
in underside.
Crack
3.1;
smoothed,
lessly
6 cc.
capacity
Rim and foot chipped.
12 cc. capacity in underside. Crack
7.8; Diam.
Rim
63, PL 53
belly.
unguen
Gray
(7.5YR 5/2). 170,
some
with
distur
later
bance
O 16:3, POU H.
Diam.
19.5;
5.5;
Foot chipped. underside. and
509
Body
belly. Similar
119
capacity
leak.
slight
447
Slightly smoothed
H-K
twisted.
on
H.
White
stripe
red
fabric, from
Gray unguentarium in shape but probably
(no white of Context
cc. with
Crack in underside.
streaky stripes, ca. 210-160
neck, core.
shoulder, source:
2.9.
neck, trace
and
shoulder, of red core. of
Context
White
underside.
Rough
chipped.
mouth, fabric,
slip).
Diam.
9.0;
Rim
a different
63
12-14
ca.
before
belly.
170,
Gray some
with
on
stripe
unguentarium distur
later
bance
441 (P 13499) G 5:3, lower fill H.
17.3;
stripe tarium
Diam.
5.9;
rim
and
Foot
on mouth, fabric,
Context
128
capacity
cc.
Smooth
chipped. neck,
shoulder,
and
with
a few
White
underside. belly.
Gray
unguen
Neck, on
442 (P 22950) M-N 15:1 (4) 16.8;
5.5.
Diam.
of neck
Fragment in underside. Crack surface.
White
unguentarium Context
63, Pl. 53
Fig.
stripe fabric. of before
on
neck,
shoulder,
and
rim missing. smooth fairly
and
belly.
Gray
150
Diam.
WHiite
Rim
17.4;
of
ca.
Diam.
chipped. stripe
unguentarium
of body missing. on shoulder stripe
part
String and belly.
marks Gray
fabric.
(P 27611) I-O 15:1 (1)
H.
5.7. and
mouth,
unguentarium Context
WTiite ca.
15.2;
underside.
449 of foot chips Smooth underside,
and
64
Fig.
QH:3
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
H.
Large 448 (P 19789) P.H.
175-150,
Category 5
Small Unguentaria:
core.
red
of ca.
63, Pl. 53
Fig.
200-160
Fig. 4.0; Crack
on mouth, fabric,
64 ca. capacity in underside. neck, red
core.
cc.
44
Underside
shoulder,
and
uneven. belly.
Gray
FUSIFORM Similar but from amuch ity 54 cc, M-N Context
later context: P 9292
UNGUENTARIA
ca.
64, PL 53
Fig.
neck,
110
capacity
cc.
and
shoulder,
ca.
of
belly.
stripe
unguentarium
Gray
a few
with
150-110,
451 (P 8029) Fig. E 6:2, lower fill Diam.
17.0;
earlier
4.4;
der,
belly.
Gray
> 60
457
(P 1598)
H-K H.
stripe fabric.
unguentarium
Similar: P 3390
cc. in underside. on
Diam.
15.6;
Rim
5.0;
chipped.
on mouth,
64, PL 53
neck,
fabric, fired
> 67
capacity marks
String
on
and
shoulder,
light reddish
distur
5 cc.
capacity
on
marks chipped. String on mouth, neck, shoulder,
stripe
underside.
and
belly.
Gray
fabric. of
ca.
before
some
with
170,
later
distur
Diam.
11.7;
belly. Gray Context
cc.
17 capacity in underside.
3.1; Crack
chipped. White
64, PL 53 Fig. trench of Stoa of Attalos
neck,
ca.
of
largely
White
Gray
belly.
brown
stripe
unguentarium
(5YR 6/3); some
with
115-50,
on
marks
String
on mouth,
stripe
and
shoulder,
fabric.
unguentarium of before
ca.
150
cc.
underside.
459 (P 13494) Fig. G 5:3, lower fill H.
pinkish
Diam.
12.9;
on mouth,
3rd-century
material
3.5;
64 cc.
28
capacity
neck,
shoulder,
and
175-150,
with
belly.
Gray
stripe
unguentarium
fabric. of ca.
Context
Small
453
(P5819) Fig. 64
7.3; Diam.
neck,
460 (P 13491) Fig. G 5:3, lower fill
2.9.
Foot chipped, in underside.
half of neck and mouth missing.
Smooth
underside.
and
shoulder,
belly.
WTiite Gray
stripe
Crack
H.
on mouth, fab
unguentarium
ric.
White
ca.
of
with
325-200,
Late
substantial
Diam.
11.5;
Foot
tarium Context
a few
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
E 14:1, lower fill
nistic
later
Foot chipped. String marks on underside. White
slip. Context
H.
2.2;
rim
and
underside.
H.
some
with
170,
64
Fig.
Diam.
6.7;
Rim
Fig.
ca.
458 (P 20723) P-R 6-12, in footing
175-125
452 (P5561) E14:3
shoulder.
fabric.
12-14
H. ca.
of
smoothed, and
neck,
shoul
neck,
[F15:2]). Context
somewhat
mouth,
bance
1934, p. 418, no. E 137
(Thompson
on
stripe
bance
unguentarium Context
Crack
missing. White
capacity Underside
Gray unguentarium Context of before
White
capacity
5 cc.
2.6;
chipped. White
grooved.
pieces
64
neck and mouth Upper on underside. String marks and
distur
64
Fig.
7.1; Diam.
Foot
P.H.
later
12-14
Rim
fabric, fired light brown (7.5YR 6/4), with grayish brown core (10YR5/2). Similar: P 5700 (capacity 95 cc, F 13:3, upper fill [POU]); P 13104 (capacity 110 cc, S 19:2, lower fill); P 19935 (D 17:5, upper fill). Context
(P 1600)
H-K H.
5.0;
Foot and rim chipped. Rough underside. White on mouth,
some
with
170,
140
456
Diam.
ca.
before
bance
of before
22.3;
of
Context
(capac
18:1).
450 (P 28429) P20:2 H.
293
and
2.7;
rim
stripe fabric.
on
of ca.
Context
11 cc.
capacity
chipped. neck,
Similar: P 23803
Helle
disturbance
64
on
marks
String
and
shoulder,
belly.
underside. unguen
Gray
(P-R 6-12). with
175-150,
a few
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
454 (P 28982) P6:6 H.
8.8; Diam.
3.2;
capacity traces Some
Foot chipped. side. Mouth twisted. Gray
64
Fig.
WTiite
461 (P 13492) Fig. G 5:3, lower fill
17 cc. of
stripe
string marks on shoulder
on
under
and
fabric.
unguentarium
of
ca.
10.4;
Intact. mouth,
Found with 427 (with about twice the capacity) 430 (with about the same capacity). Context
H.
belly.
and
neck,
H.
8.6; Diam.
Foot stripe
on
mouth,
guentarium core.
3.1;
belly.
W^rrite Gray
stripe
on
unguentarium
(capacity 8
of ca.
175-150,
with
a few
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
capacity
neck,
shoulder,
and
cc).
64
and rim chipped.
8 cc. capacity on underside.
Similar and from same context: P 13493
260-175
Fig.
2.2; marks
fabric.
Context
455 (P 1522) H-K 12-14
Diam. String
64
462
14 cc.
Smooth shoulder,
underside. and
fabric, fired reddish brown
belly.
White Gray
(5YR 5/3),
(P 13691) Fig. 64
G 5:3, lower fill
un
H.
red
Foot on
neck,
14 cc. capacity Smooth underside. White chipped. and shoulder, belly. Gray unguentarium
11.1;
and
Diam. rim
2.8;
stripe fabric.
CATALOGUE
294 Similar and from same deposit:
P 13495
(capacity 13
cc). of ca.
Context
a few
with
175-150,
469 (P 28428) P20:2 H.
earlier-2nd-century
G 5:3, lower fill H. 11.5; Diam. 2.5; capacity 9 cc. Foot chipped. String marks on underside. White on mouth,
neck,
and
shoulder,
Gray
belly.
stripe
unguentarium
fabric. of ca.
Context
a few
with
175-150,
neck,
Context
of
470
P.H.
Diam.
14.3;
Mouth
missing.
stripe on neck,
ably rough. White
Diam.
12.7;
cc. Underside
Crack chipped. on mouth, White stripe fabric. unguentarium
shoulder,
cc.
16 capacity in underside.
underside.
Rough and shoulder,
neck,
belly.
P 8021
White
Gray
(capacity
Diam.
9.1;
2.0;
chipped.
on mouth,
String
H.
ca.
White
stripe
unguentarium
context
Category 6
3.7;
on
marks
String
and
shoulder,
neck,
cc.
33
capacity
chipped.
on
stripe
belly.
underside. unguen
Gray
(7.5YR 6/4).
context
(P 26031) Fig. 65
5 cc.
capacity marks
on underside.
and
belly.
Gray
WTiite
stripe
neck, core.
Diam.
21.6;
6.9;
> 176
capacity
and
shoulder,
belly.
Gray
String marks on stripe on mouth,
ca.
of
red
(J 2:1).
a few Roman
with
115-86,
fabric,
unguentarium
Similar but fired pink: P 31400
unguentarium
cc.
and neck missing. Wheel-ridged body. White
of mouth
Context of
Gray
slip.
17.8; Diam. rim and
Chip underside.
fabric. Context
belly.
Ol7:5
shoulder,
neck,
tan
thick
on underside.
and
shoulder,
2nd-century
472
of ca. 175-125
E 6:2, lower fill Foot
neck,
8 cc.
capacity marks
tarium fabric, fired light brown
17
(P 8022) Fig. 64
H.
String
chipped.
Small Unguentaria:
Foot
cc).
466
pieces
Large 471 (P 522) Fig. 65 G 14:2, middle fill (POU?), at 13 m
Similar and from same deposit: Context
unguentarium
earlier
fill (POU?), at 13 m
H.
Rim
a few
with
150-110,
Diam.
11.2;
2nd-century
64
2.8;
ca.
Gray
belly.
2.2;
prob
and belly.
175-125
465 (P 8028) Fig. E 6:2, lower fill
shoulder,
White
underside.
Similar size and shape but with plain foot: P 628 (ca 1934, p. 392, no. D 78, fig. 78 pacity 11 cc, Thompson [H16:4]).
core.
red
fabric,
Gray unguentarium Context of ca.
H.
> 35 capacity in underside.
3.6; Crack
on
H.
fabric,
64
464 (P8031) Fig. E 6:2, lower fill
and
(P523) Fig. 64
on mouth,
pieces
6 cc.
capacity marks
String
G 14:2, middle Foot
earlier-2nd-century
2.1;
chipped. on
stripe fabric.
(P 13490) Fig. 64
463
Diam.
10.5;
Rim
pieces
64, PL 53
Fig.
pieces
175-125
Small 64
467 (P 8023) Fig. E 6:2, lower fill H.
10.3;
Foot
and
belly.
Gray
8 cc. capacity in underside. Crack
chipped. White
on mouth,
stripe
H.
neck,
String shoul
of
468
ca.
175-125
Rim
(P 28314) Fig. 64 14.2;
2.8;
capacity marks String
chipped.
in underside
pierced mouth,
Diam.
shoulder,
neck,
on
of
ca.
150-110,
9 cc. capacity Underside chipped.
8.4; Diam.
Rim
and
even.
2.6;
foot
unguentarium of this category
fabric,
temporary deposit: P 26268 of
before
474 (P 6188) E15:4
Fig.
Context
H.
belly.
Hole
underside.
firing. White
before and
17 cc.
Gray
stripe on
unguentarium
fabric, fired brown (7.5YR 5/2), red core. Similar: P 627 (capacity 17 cc, Thompson 1934, p. 392, no. D 77 [H 16:4]). See 475 for a similar piece with a foot. plain Context
65
ca.
from
but
smoothed tan
an
un
slip. con
approximately
(M 18:10). 170,
with
some
later
distur
bance
P20:2 H.
Fig.
12-14
Gray Another
fabric.
unguentarium
Similar: P 8024 (capacity 9 cc, from same context); P 524 (capacity 10 cc, G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m). Context
(P 1452)
H-K
2.3;
rim
on underside.
marks der,
Diam.
and
473
with
a few
earlier
pieces
Foot Trace
10.0;
Diam.
and
65
6 cc. 1.9; capacity marks String chipped. on rim. unguentarium Gray
rim
of white
on
underside. fabric,
red
core.
Similar: P 6189 (capacity 6 cc, from same context); P 10832 (capacity 7 cc, H 12:1). Context of ca. 200-125 or slightly later 475 (P 6186) E15:4
Fig.
65
FUSIFORM H.
Diam.
14.7;
Foot
and
White
2.9;
18 cc.
capacity
rim
and
but
a
with
see
foot,
grooved
of ca. 200-125
Context
Diam.
14.6;
Foot
and
ca.
of
Context
477 (P 5555) E14:3 Foot White
Diam.
15.0; and
tarium
fabric,
in underside. on
stripe
String
neck,
fabric, fired
chipped. neck,
gray
Some
light brown
and
on
underside.
unguen belly. Gray dull yellow inclu
medium
ca.
of
largely
some
with
115-50,
3rd-century
material
3.3;
14 cc.
capacity
and
shoulder,
neck, core,
gray
belly.
stripe fabric,
unguentarium
Gray
slip.
Closely similar: P 15024 (F 19:6). Cf. Bruneau 1970b, p. 254, no. D 157, pi. 46 (Delos). Also similar in shape, Bruneau 1970a, pp. 511-512, no. 188.100, fig. 206, of in tomb
fabric,
of
late
to
2nd
to Roman
Hellenistic
early
1st century.
context
483 (P 30260) Area U 13, lot PP' 166 H.
5/3).
and
Many Similar
3.1;
65, PL 54
Fig. 28
capacity
than 13
cc.
red
underneath
10R
(ca.
some
from
Classical
or
2nd
weak
speckles, and voids
and
Mixed
slightly more
Diam.
12.0;
patches
478 (P 12101) Fig. 65 N20:4 H. 13.3; Diam. 2.5; capacity
65, PL 54
Fig.
Foot and rim chipped. Rough underside. Overfired fabric: very hard, olive (5Y 5/3) in gray unguentarium
sions. Context
fabric.
Wasters ?
marks
String
shoulder,
slip.
on red
shoulder,
cc.
41
Diam.
9.0;
Argive Late
capacity
slip.
Foot and rim chipped. Rough underside. White
65
4.1;
rim on
stripe
482 (P 8923) M 20:1, upper fill H.
150-86
Fig.
belly.
Category 8
Small Unguentaria: 65, Pl. 53
capacity Crack
rim
tan
fabric,
unguentarium
and
shoulder,
Similar: P 5553 (E 14:3), possibly of different Context of ca. 200-125 or slightly later
16 cc.
2.8;
and belly. Gray unguentarium (7.5YR 6/4); gray slip.
H.
Gray
neck
and
body
neck,
468.
Fig.
chipped. White underside.
on
marks
Gray
or slightly later
476 (P 5550) F 13:3, upper fill (dump) H.
belly.
Lower
underside. Rough on mouth, White stripe
twisted.
For a similar
Similar: P 6187 (twin from same deposit). piece,
underside.
fabric.
unguentarium
295
Intact. on
marks
String chipped. on mouth, neck, shoulder,
stripe
UNGUENTARIA
spalls. large same context: 484.
the and
Hellenistic
context,
to late
down
1st century
early
cc. Foot
on
rim marks chipped. String on mouth, neck, shoulder,
and
White
stripe
unguentarium Context
of
red core. fabric, ca. 110-50, with
underside.
and
Gray
belly.
484 (P 30261) Area U 13, lot PP' 166 P.H.
two Roman
479 (P 5558) E14:3 H.
16.7;
Intact. mouth,
46 cc. capacity on underside.
3.8; marks
String
and
shoulder,
body.
fabric, fired reddish brown Context
of
largely
ca.
Gray
stripe
on
similar
with
no.
70,
unguentarium
and
some
3rd-century
underside.
Rough
belly.
Overfired
white
and
example 117.
and
black
gray
WTiite unguen
or
2nd
Some
inclusions.
same
from
the
from
the Agora:
context: Heisserer
Mixed Classical and Hellenistic
(5YR 5/3).
115-50,
dull
Similar White
missing.
shoulder
tarium fabric: very hard, light olive gray (5Y 6/2). medium
Diam.
neck,
65, Pl. 53
Fig.
3.8.
and mouth
on
stripe
Diam.
10.3;
Neck
intrusions
65, PL 54
Fig.
483. 1986,
Another pp.
69
context, down to late
1st century
early
material
485 480 (P 6019) E14:3
Fig.
12.6; Diam. Half of mouth neck,
2.8.
shoulder,
underside. Rough and belly. Gray
(7.5YR 5/2);
Inclusions:
many
White
stripe
unguentarium
light reddish brown slip
medium
and
few very
dull white and medium black and red. Similar: P 6018 (from the same context);
coarse
P 12161
(N20:4). Context
of
largely
ca.
115-50,
with
some
481 (P 6185) E15:4 H.
12.1;
Diam.
Fig.
P.H.
3rd-century in
3.0;
65 capacity
7.0; Diam. neck,
Gray
Context
of Classical
Roman
65, PL 54
3.2.
and mouth
production.
little
13 cc.
3.9-4.5.
foot
486 (P 4327) Fig. E 15:7, second fill from top Foot,
Category 7
lot
Crack in underside. Underside chipped. uneven. Offset foot. Hollow lower body. Wheel-ridging on flattened and twisted body. Body production. during fabric. Gray unguentarium ca. 150, disturbed Context of before
material
Small Unguentaria:
Diam.
and
65, PL 54
Fig.
15:1 (4), in disturbed 12.5;
Rim
missing.
fabric, fired brown (5YR 6/3).
(P 22892)
M-N H.
H.
on mouth,
65
missing.
unguentarium
Twisted
and
distorted
fabric.
through early 1st century, with a
CATALOGUE
296 of Other
Unguentaria Domed-Mouth 487
Fabrics
dripping down. Medium hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6), lighter surface. Inclusions: many
Unguentarium
medium
(P 18751)
66, PL 54
Fig.
M2L1 H. Neck
of
Diam.
14.5;
cracked.
Hard,
fine,
Dull
some
Similar
red
fine
from
of body 5.8, on mouth gloss
and
and
some
black;
inside.
slipped.
sparking. P 22856
context:
contemporary
3.1.
surface
(7.5YR 7/4);
red
rim
of
3.0,
fabric
pink
Inclusions:
foot
(H-K
12-14). Also similar: P 24034. Context of ca. 250-170 488 (P 17035) Pl. B 20:2, lower fill P.H.
foot
of
2.7,
6.2.
body
Neck missing, foot chipped. Flat underside. Red gloss inside. Hard, smooth, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Inclu some
sions: many translucent medium gray, Small voids. few irregular sparkling. Late Context of ca. 225-165, with
medium
Flat
and
Dull
brown
der. Hard, redder
7.4.
Lower
underneath. inside
gloss
a
with
body shoul
on
splash
light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4),
interior;
medium
light very few
dark;
slip
or
surface.
some
with
possibly
0
of
material
Neck
gloss
foot
missing, surface.
lighter medium
a.d.
1st century
Mouth
fragment of
Context
ca.
16.7;
Foot
and
many
sparkling. a vessel from
part
with
derside
and
sinking
inside. Hard,
dark
of about
the
gray, same
some
Inclusions:
surface.
of
ca.
stripe
on
495
of
height at
nipple
Flat
Brown
dark
medium
few
gray,
un gloss
lighter coarse
1st century,
some
with
8.2; Diam.
(P 27612) I-O 15:1 (1) 36.6;
About shoulder
Diam.
foot of
one-third missing.
Dull
7.6,
66, Pl. 54
body red
of body restored; gloss
inside
century
66, PL 54
Fig. 21 cc. capacity underside. Smooth
3.5;
red
above
white
gloss stripe.
stripes Hard,
Few sparkling
WHiite on
neck
smooth,
stripe and
on two
reddish
inclusions. Many
voids. context
496 (P 23042) M-N 15:1 (4) H.
8.3; Diam.
66, PL 54
Fig. 3.2;
capacity
15 cc.
Underside in underside. Crack Foot chipped. smoothed. Medium hard, slightly grainy, light red dish brown fabric (5YR 6/4). Inclusions: few medium coarse
white;
some
fine
sparkling.
Many
medium
voids.
Fig. of
3rd
225-190
chipped. two dark
of before
Context
H.
ca.
of
red
Inclusions:
fired.
stripes and uniquely
(P 28112)
Foot
to
Clas
sical material
492
fine many sparkling. to gray unguentaria
white;
White
smooth,
Hard,
15.5.
of body
shoulder.
center.
belly.
AreaD-E18
size:
lot]).
est. Diam.
6.6;
and
weak red surface (1OR4/3).
in form
of
smooth.
Underside
chipped. shoulder,
neck,
fabric (10R5/6),
No
to
66, PL 54
4.7.
rim
and
fabric.
Fig.
Diam.
11.0;
medium
to late
200
H.
H.
voids.
irregular Context
hard,
Very
unguentarium
494 (P 9070) N18:3
few
red; few or no sparkling. Small
and medium
dull white
small voids. very Many in gray For cf. 407 shape, of ca. 325-300 Context
shoulder; on shoulder
light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6),
smooth,
narrow
yellow fabric (5YR 6/6).
foot
of
of wall
seven
re Partially brown gloss,
of
Black
(2.5YR 6/6),
250-180
Diam.
pi.
body preserved. on in dark belly stripes on shoulder. stripes preserved
Context
491 (P 10895a) PL 54 D 11:4, lower fill P.H.
66, PL 54 63.
broad
few medium
underside.
medium
(M-N 15:1 [4, in disturbed
P 23040
Two
8.9.
of body Concave
3.6,
light red fabric
fine,
Inclusions: few
red;
1490,
4.9.
Diam.
but lacking purple
chipped.
inside. Hard,
no.
one-fourth
Similar
foot
of
Diam.
13.5;
or nearly hollow
stripes, hollow
340,
rest.
and
stored.
sparkling.
20:2
P.H.
140
Fig.
p.
5.1;
Foot
(P 12642) PL 54
490
ca.
(P 9360)
AgoraXll,
Inclusions:
cen primarily of the second half of the 2nd
Context tury,
of body
3.0,
smooth
smooth,
towards
C-48-12.
of before
smooth, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6). Few sparkling inclusions.
foot
of
sparkling.
M18:5
intru
upper part of neck, and part of upper body
Mouth, missing. trimmed.
some
Diam.
14.8;
493
P.H.
489 (P 25818) Pl. 54 Area B 20, lot 25 151 P.H.
at Corinth:
example Context
Foot
sions
few
part Many of the same size inQ 15:2 (P 26330-26336), of a small group of Late Hellenistic sherds in the upper layers of a Classical well. Still more found nearby: P 22790 and P 22791 in Late Roman context at O 15; P 26679, in fill at Q 16. A similar, large mixed Classical-Hellenistic
red;
Hellenistic
and white;
gray
voids.
Other Unguentaria with Unguentaria lower body
54 of
Diam.
10.2;
few medium
red, small
Many
16.0,
of
rim
7.5.
large piece and on mouth,
of
ca.
150
with stripes, solid lower body Unguentaria 497 (P 22891) Fig. M-N 15:1 (4), in disturbed lot P.H.
13.7;
Diam.
5.7.
66, PL 54
FUSIFORM and mouth
Neck red gloss
stripes
Many some
one
of neck,
at
of greatest
point
below
and
inclusions
sparkling
some
flecks
and
2; also,
core.
red
with
Inclusions:
fine
many
white;
Similar fabric: 502 and 503. Context
of mica,
ca.
of
250-190
golden.
Cf. close
I, p.
Ampurias in shape,
nos.
197,
56:1
I, p.
Ampurias
no.
85,
80:1,
less
but
and
155,
p.
no. 7:2; Jehasse and Jehasse 1973, p. 313, no. 1019, Mercando 142 1976, p. 183, [Corsica]); (Aleria pl. no. 201, fig. 12 (Ancona); Corinth XVIII. 1, pp. 56, 109, and before 21 200); Kloner, Regev, Rap (probably pl. 1992,
paport
32,
p.
fig.
9:6
(Zaa'quqa,
150,
disturbed
near
Mar
Tel
esha). ca.
of before
Context
many
voids.
Few
sparkling.
smooth, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/8).
diameter. Hard, fine
Two dark
foot chipped.
missing,
at base
297
UNGUENTARIA
502
(P 1826)
Thompson no. F 48. under
no. A 64, fig.
G 13:4, lower fill (POU) H.
Diam.
14.7;
5.0;
9; AgoraV,
p.
15,
(Group A) 66
capacity in underside.
Cracks
Complete.
66, PL 55
Fig. p. 326,
1934,
cc. but
Uneven
smoothed
underside. Medium hard, slightly grainy, yellowish red to brown fabric (5YR 5/6 to 7.5YR 5/2). Inclusions: some fine
some
white;
fine
Many
sparkling.
fine
voids.
later
pieces
Similar fabric: 501 and 503. 498
(P1108)
Thompson p.
no.
15, under
H
66, Pl. 54 15; Agora V,
Fig. 1934, p. 336, no. B 6, fig. F 48.
leading from south
tunnel
16:3 (Group B), blind
H.
Rough shoulder.
missing. and
of body underside. Hard,
and White slightly
foot
of
chips
on
stripe grainy,
rim
and mouth,
brown
grayish
fabric (10YR 5/2), red core, pale brown slip or surface (10YR 6/3). Inclusions: some medium white; few spar kling, possibly a small fleck of golden mica. Many small voids. ca.
of
Context
a few
with
320-220,
2nd-century
frag
ments
499 0
(P 26032) 17:5
H. Foot ridged
5.0;
and
rim
body.
White
some
Inclusions:
capacity
chipped. on
stripe
dull
with fleck of golden mica. Similar, but without white Context
ca.
of
500 (P 26446) T17:3 P.H.
13.5; and
Foot
pink fabric dium
dull
medium For (Samos), of neck;
some
white;
slip.
sparkling,
a few Roman
pieces
66, Pl. 55
Fig.
Diam. part
7.7. of wall
(5YR 7/3); few
Medium
missing.
hard,
light slip. Inclusions:
small
flecks
of
Many
different
Labraundall.l,
1982, fabric, p.
65,
p. and
393,
no.
with
an
no.
163,
pl.
15, pl. 138:y at base offset 12
(different
Diam.
8.5;
context
without
501 (P 17605) B 18:13, lower fill H. Foot
7.5;
Diam.
and
rim
stripes, mottled
brown
to dark 66, PL 55
Fig.
27 capacity Underside chipped.
3.8;
3.5;
of rim missing.
67, PL 55
cc.
24+
capacity Smooth
underside.
contexts
from gray unguentaria 3rd century. Context of ca. 250-210
505
(P 1527)
H-K
dented.
Body
of
the first
half
of
5 cc. capacity Smooth underside.
Diam.
6.5;
Rim
2.3;
chipped.
gray fabric (10YR 6/1);
gray/light (7.5YR
67, PL 55
Fig.
12-14
6/4).
Context
Unguentaria gray fabric
fabric with
Few
Hard,
inclusions.
sparkling
smooth,
thick light brown slip Few
voids.
Similar: P 17119, and, less so, P 367 (Thompson 1934, no. C 77 [G 6:2]). Similar fabric: 504 and 506. 368, p.
fabric). lst-century
250-170
than
H.
voids.
cf. Tsakos
smooth,
grainy,
some me
mica.
golden
on marks String reddish yellow
missing.
fairly
Medium hard, smooth, gray clay (10YR 5/1), streaky brown slip (10YR 5/3). Many sparkling inclusions. Similar in shape and fabric: P 10304, P 10305, and P 10308 (from Lenormant Street graves); P 19707 (P 10:2, lower fill). The shape is similar to that of gray unguentaria of the second half of the 3rd century. Of similar fabric are also 505, 506, and P 1827 (Thompson 1934, p. 326, no. A 65 [G 13:4, lower fill]), all much more slender the
white; to coarse
profile but
body.
thin brown
stripes: 510.
with
115-86,
and
shoulder,
neck,
(10YR 7/4);
medium
Wheel
of mouth hard,
without Unguentaria stripes, gray-brown buff slip 504 (P 15159) Fig. Rotroff 1994c, p. 22, fig. 2. N 21:4, lower fill Piece
underside.
ca.
of
Context
cc.
Rough
fabric
Very pale brown
80
most
fabric (5YR 6/6) with black-brown patches. Inclusions: some medium dull white; few fine sparkling. Similar fabric: 501 and 502.
H.
Diam.
19.2;
66, Pl. 55
Fig.
3.8.
chipped, Medium
underside.
66, PL 55
Fig.
Diam.
13.0;
Foot
4.6.
one-fourth
About
neck,
Diam.
15.2;
a few
with
325-260,
503 (P 18752) M21:l
chamber H.
ca.
of
Context
cc. Medium
hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6),
gray
before
ca.
170,
506 (P 19919) D 17:4, lower fill (POU) H.
smooth.
of
with
some
later
distur
bance
Foot
11.2; and
Somewhat
Diam. rim
2.6;
capacity
chipped.
67, PL 55
Fig.
String
11 cc. marks
soft, grainy, dark gray fabric
on
underside.
(10YR 4/1),
CATALOGUE
298 streaky brown
(10YR 5/3).
slip
Many
inclu
sparkling
Similar: P 271. Similar fabric: 504 and 505. Context of ca. 200-150, with small Late Hellenistic
507
(P 16659) no.
268,
p.
83:e.
2, pi.
B22:2 H.
Diam.
13.9;
Intact.
14 cc. capacity on underside.
2.7; marks
String
Brownish
gray
H.
ca.
of
Context
H.
on
marks
String
missing.
underside.
hard, dark grayish brown fabric (2.5Y4/2), thick very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Inclusions: many fine to medium dull white; very few sparkling. Many fine to voids.
Slip is lighter than that of 504-506. Possibly belongs to the gray series; a twin from same deposit (P 3838) has thinner slip and white lines, more closely resembling the series. gray Context
ca.
of
100-50
509 (P521) G 14:2, middle
5.4;
118
capacity
Inclusions:
medium
many
mica.
shape
some
white;
fine
spar fabric.
no.
Fig.
chipped.
ca.
of
5.1; String
capacity marks
D
of
ca.
18.6;
Foot
Hard,
some
with
to gray fabric
stripes, brown
67, PL 56 Fig. 1934, p. 368, no. C 76, fig. 52; Agora V, F 48.
Diam.
grainy
coarse
Few
5/2).
in shape
Context
of
underside.
Wheel
hard, grainy, brown fabric inclusions.
white
Similar
on
to 439,
small
Many
(7.5YR
voids.
fab
in gray unguentarium
ric. ca.
225-160
without
P.H.
17.5;
Part
of
fine
67, Pl. 56
Fig. Diam.
5.9.
most
belly,
Smooth underside. fired partly to coarse
fabric
orange
stripes,
(P 769) 116:5 of
fleck
and
mouth
of
golden
missing.
red fabric (10R 5/6),
Inclusions:
few medium
and
sparkling
smooth,
exterior.
and
yellow
shoulder,
Hard,
on
gray
some
elongated mica.
medium
white;
some
Many
small
voids. Context
3rd-century
capacity marks String
chipped.
cc.
131
5.7;
ridged body. Medium
cc.
on underside.
115-50,
gray
traces of tan few flecks of
100-50
no.
15, under
H.
160,
brown fabric (7.5YR 5/2), blistered; light brownish gray coarse slip (10YR 6/2). Inclusions: few medium dark and fine few white; sparkling. Similar, but with white stripes: 499. largely
String
grainy,
slightly
voids.
without
Thompson
67, PL 55
98
hard,
to medium
fine
Many
515
of ca.
150
to
early
1st century,
with
later
intru
sions
material
511 (P 33045) Area B-C 18-19, H.
5.1.
Medium
underside.
Unguentaria
510 (P 5556) E14:3 Diam.
on
fabric).
context
2nd-century
Context
67, PL 56
G 6:2 (Group C)
of gray unguentarium cf. Bruneau 1970b, p. 254,
pi. 46 (Delos, beige
20.2;
intrusion
later
Fig.
Unguentarium with no slip 514 (P 366)
cc.
to 440,
For wheel-ridging,
Rim
small
with
120-86,
est. Diam.
12.5;
Context
kling. in
ca.
of
Similar: P 30975 (area C-D 17, lot 00 916, Late Hel Similar shape in red Roman context). lenistic/Early fabric: 516.
p.
Foot and rim chipped. Smooth underside. Slightly body. Medium hard, slightly grainy, gray wheel-ridged fabric (10YR 5/1), streaky light brown slip (7.5YR
Similar
cc.
45
capacity
fabric (10YR 5/1), red core (2.5YR 5/6); slip. Inclusions: many medium dull white;
67, PL 55
Fig. fill (POU?), at 13 m
Diam.
20.0;
P.H.
marks
2.7.
Medium
medium
67, PL 56
Part of belly and all of neck and mouth missing.
of mouth
Half
67, PL 55
Fig.
Diam.
12.5;
4.3;
513 (P 4355) M23:l
508 (P 3839) M23:l
to a.d.
B.C.
100
Fig.
Diam.
15.8;
Context
150-100
ca.
of
Foot chipped. Rough underside. Hard, slightly grainy, gray fabric (10YR 5/1); thick light yellowish brown slip (10YR 6/4). Many medium pinkish white inclusions. Similar: P 211.
fabric; thick reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Slip is redder than that of 504-506.
H.
(] 2:1).
B.C. Context
100.
67, PL 55
Fig.
1951a,
Young
6/4).
ca. 50
before
512 (P 6803) E10:l
intrusion
H.
similar: P 31400
Closely Date:
sions.
Diam.
17.7; on
shoulder,
stripes. Hard, surface sparkling.
Many
slight
with
string marks. on
wheel-ridging
Slight
neck.
No
light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with streaky
(self-slip).
Inclusions: small
516 (P 10250) B 13:7, second fill H.
5.3.
Flat underside
Complete. twisting
67, PL 55 192, 609, and 662
Fig. lot NN 824, with
round
few fine voids
white; in surface.
very
few
tiny
17.5;
Diam.
67, Pl. 56
Fig.
5.4.
Rim and foot chipped. Crack in underside. Rough Somewhat soft, slightly grainy, light brown underside. fabric (7.5YR 6/4); pink surface (slip?). Inclusions: some medium fleck
to coarse of golden
mica.
dull
white;
Many
few voids.
fine
sparkling,
small
OTHER
Similar in shape but with some very coarse dark red inclusions: P 20490 (E 14:3). Similar shape in gray fabric: 513. of
Context
ca.
to 1st century
125
517 (P 30976) Area D 17 P.H.
mica.
Some
most
and
neck,
small
Inclusions:
some
translucent
white;
rim
of
to
according
(pottery discarded)
Foot
67, PL 56
Fig.
Diam.
and
3.0;
rim
16 cc.
capacity
chipped.
Medium
underside.
Rough
light red fabric
hard, grainy,
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 6/6).
some medium white; sparkling. to gray similar unguentaria Shape of 2nd later. and century context No
voids. Many of second quarter
many
(P9814) F 48,
Diam.
34.5; of
Edge
and
of
part
body
red
translucent,
sparkling,
flecks of
110
b.c.
to ca. a.d.
Wall
Diam.
stripes, yellow
fabric
hard,
body.
(10YR 8/3).
Medium
underside.
of
H-K P.H.
upper
slightly
Inclusions:
very
grainy,
few fine red;
68, Pl. 57
Fig.
Diam.
2.6. Brown
on
gloss
smooth,
light
neck
brown
and fabric
ca.
Diam.
68, PL 56
Fig. foot
H.
4.7.
of body
dark,
rest.
68, PL 57
Fig. Diam.
parts Brown
9.8. of neck
and on
gloss
rim
neck
restored; and
parts
apparently
and
68, PL 58
Diam.
of
rim
4.1.
gray;
many
some
sparkling,
flecks
large
of
mica.
Cf. Andreou and Andreou left (Ambracia).
Most
9.9;
intrusions
tunnel
and
missing.
Context
525 (P 14438) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 200:2. M 20:1, middle fill Diam.
two Roman
with
110-50,
rest.
28.0;
of belly
of profile
fine
250-170
of
ca.
of
all over interior. Medium hard, slightly grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6). Inclusions: some medium white,
Amphoras
20.8;
spar
(7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions: few medium shiny gray; many fine sparkling, fleck of golden mica. Some irregular
OTHER OIL AND UNGUENT
P.H.
fine
many
gray;
100-50
underside. Rough interior. Hard, fairly
Rest.
12-14
Miniature
ca.
of
11.0;
Much
voids.
(P 22873) 4.2;
translucent
few
Intact.
golden
521
68, Pl. 57
(1973-1974 Probably Italian. Cf. ArchDelt 29, B2 [1979]), p. 373, pl. 240:e (Patras); CVAUniv. of Michigan 1 [USA 3], p. 68, pl. 43 [128] :23 (Cumae?); Lo Porto 1966, pp. 188-189, no. 3, fig. 39 (Metaponto); Mercando 1976, p. 207, fig. 69 (Ancona); Meligunis-Lipdra II, p. 9, pl. CCXIV:9, from tomb 10 (second half of 1st century), and p. 46, pl. CCXL5, from tomb 126 (Late Hellenis
Slightly
Similar fabric: 541 (radish jar). Context
necks
4.3.
524 (P 17409) B 21:25, in blind
5.5.
Rough
sparkling.
Diam.
15.6;
Context
Fig.
Medium
pale brown fabric few
distur
68, PL 56
and rim chipped.
wheel-ridged
later
Cf. CVA Capua, Museo Campana 4 [Italy 44], p. 14, pl. 8 [1981] :10 (with different foot).
20
M2L1 18.0;
some
with
170,
kling.
rim
restored;
and medium
some fine
(P 18750)
H.
and
voids. ca.
without
Unguentaria 520
fine
dull white;
mica. golden Context of
ca.
Fig.
Inclusions:
H.
small
hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR some
Inclusions:
few medium
red
sparkling.
523 (P 12094) N20:4
2.
pi.
13.1.
base
chipped. Medium 6/6).
coarse
very
67, PL 57
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) P.H.
zigzag
tic).
Fig. 15, no.
p.
AgoraV,
few
and
with
Reddish yellow fab surface (10YR 8/4).
Foot missing, rim chipped. Red gloss on neck and inside mouth. Medium hard, smooth, pink fabric (7.5YR
Context
519
lines
wheel-run
522 (P 3830) M23:l
7/4).
13.4;
medium
with glazed
Unguentaria
missing.
P.H. context"
518 (P 208) Area I 9 H.
Two
part.
many before
of
Context
voids.
1 st-century
Hellenistic,
notebook
lower
them just above bottom. between ric (7.5YR 7/6), very pale brown
3.6. upper
Soft, powdery, light red fabric (10R 6/8); pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Inclusions: some fine white; few sparkling, fleck of golden "Late
and
Foot
299
bance
of
part
67, PL 56
Fig.
Diam.
11.3;
Foot,
CONTAINERS
OIL AND UNGUENT
stored; suggests
of
ca.
150-100,
1997, p. 90, pis. 66:5, 73:P,
with
Roman
disturbance
CONTAINERS of mouth lower
and
body
lower
parts
missing.
body
might
of Very have
one
handle
break straight been made
and
wall
re
at bottom separately.
Atypical fabric: soft, fine, light reddish brown (ca. 5YR 6/4), trace of light slip. Some sparkling inclusions. Context
of
ca.
115-86
300 526 (P 19115) N20:4 P.H.
P.H.
Rest.
10.3;
H.
of
Diam.
16.8;
of
8.3,
body
rim
3.2. toe
of
of neck
of
3.1,
of upper
one-third
and most
68, PL 58
Fig.
Diam.
22.7;
About
CATALOGUE
and
Lower
handles
restored;
body
toe
missing,
11.9.
body lower
body
chipped.
Atypical fabric: medium hard, slightly grainy, light red Inclusions: few (2.5YR 6/6), pink slip (ca. 5YR 7/4). fine to medium dull white and medium translucent gray; few fine sparkling. Irregular voids, some with white
and
body
Dull
red gloss slightly grainy, fine
very many translucent
lower
few
brown,
gray;
many
one
of
part
inside. Atypical reddish yellow
fine
very
restored.
white
and
medium
sparkling.
Cf. 530
(probably same fabric).
Context
of
ca.
handle
fabric: medium hard, Inclusions: (5YR 7/6).
two Roman
with
110-50,
intrusions
inclusions. ca.
of
Context
527 (P 11209) B 13:1, lower fill H. rim
Diam.
14.7;
two Roman
with
110-50,
intrusions
68, PL 58
Fig. toe
of
2.5,
Phoenician
of body
rest.
9.0;
Diam.
of
3.5. Both
lower
most
handles,
of mouth
and toe
of
one-third
restored;
body
and
part of Lower part
neck,
missing.
crudely trimmed. Broad strap handles? Dull brown gloss inside and on rim. Nondescript hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (ca. 5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few medium dull white; some
sparkling.
Cf. Adriani 1952b, p. 142, fig. 70:2, 16, pi. LV:3 (Al Patsiada 1990, pis. 82: exandria, Plinthine necropolis); 5, 83:a (different rim) (Rhodes, ca. 275).
528
ca.
of
Context
300-190
(P 19798)
Area
P-R
P.H.
8.6;
68, PL 58
Fig. in
10, Diam.
pre-Stoa of toe 1.5,
of
on part gloss attachments.
of
of
inside
dish brown
fabric
toe chipped. Dull black
neck
and hard,
very
Nondescript,
5.0.
body
and handles missing,
Mouth
fill
of Attalos
(5YR 6/4).
Some
at
lower
fine,
ca.
of before
of
rim
3.4.
Two
to shoulder
handle
per
light
yellow-gray voids.
translucent,
An
of
7.8;
Most
of
est. Diam. lower
inclu
68, PL 58
Context
to
shoulder
at
one
ca.
200-150,
with
small
Late
Hellenistic
of
foot
Many
angular
fabric
from
Corinth:
of
coarse
Soft,
small
of
17-18,
4.1.
chipped.
very
porous
Inclusions: some
gray,
many
medium
voids.
69, Pl. 58
Fig. no.
rim
foot
and grainy,
translucent
gray. Many ca. 210-160
pp.
17.1,
body rim
(7.5YR 7/6).
(P 11873)
AgoraV,
69, PL 58
of
6.3,
fabric
few
dark
Context
P.H.
Rest.
H.
Handles,
handle
F 69,
2.
pl.
15.7; part
of
of body 8.0, of rim 3.0. toe restored. rim, and tip of at limit of wheel-trimming.
of body and neck. Black gloss attachments.
and
fabric:
Atypical
(ca. 5YR 7/6).
translucent
gray;
many
inside and at hard,
slightly
Inclusions: many sparkling.
Many
voids.
Medium
largely
of
ca.
115-50,
with
3rd-century
material
Fig.
68, PL 58
foot
Diam.
4.6;
of
body
and
and
most
large of
of wall, parts rim restored.
reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6).
hard, smooth,
to medium
fine
many
underside, neck
and
red,
some
am
fine
ber. A
twin
same
from
P 11874
deposit:
(AgoraV,
p.
18, no.
F 70); another of about the same size: P 9550 (D 5:2). Very closely similar: Aggeli 2000, p. 314, pl. 158:p (Am
Narrow
535 531 (P 19112) N20:4
handle
.
Context some
of
Diam.
wall
lower
Inclusions:
bracia)
Cf. 531 (probably same fabric). Context
of one
of
part Slight Groove
rest.
33.0;
12.0. Most
Diam.
grainy, reddish yellow brown
68, PL 58
Fig.
at mid-height
at junction
fine
and
shape
red.
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
530 (P 5637) E14:3
lower
same
fine
Fig.
yellow
and
red
intrusion
angle
some
of restored, parts body convex underside.
and
534
inclusions. of
pale
250-210
Diam.
34.0;
Irregularly
soft, powdery, slightly point; toe chipped. Nondescript, gritty, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6). Some sparkling Context
very
grainy,
Inclusions: many fine rounded
533 (P 25441) O 16:3, POU
medium
preserved
ca.
of
reddish
6.2.
body,
Soft,
of up
(well 75-1). Cf. Dunand and Duru 1962, p. 203, fig. 80:j (Oumm el-'Amed, near Tyre); Philip and Baird 1993, p. 33, no. 141, fig. 11:1 (Tell esh-Shuna); Fischer andTal 1999, p. 240, fig. 5.14:6 (Apollonia-Arsuf); Kloner, 1992, p. 33, fig. 10:1 (Zaa'quqa, Regev, and Rappaport near Tel Maresha); Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 308, fig. 6.29:6 (Dor).
Large
P.H.
neck.
and
body
(b). Trace
C-75-311
H.
Fig.
on
attachment
example
lower
preserving
(a), and mouth
brown fabric (10YR 8/3).
150
529 (P 20443) D 17:4, lower fill (POU)
sections
nonjoining
profile
red
sions. Context
532 69, PL 58 (P 16276) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill P.H. (a) 13.0, (b) 2.9; Diam. of foot 3.3, of body 6.7,
handle
sparking
Amphoriskos
Flat Bottom
of
ca.
110
b.c
to a.d.
20
Foot
(P 28522)
69, PL 59
Fig.
P2L4 H.
21.5;
Diam.
of
foot
2.9,
of body
7.0,
of
rim
3.1.
One
and
handle
of
part
the
other
missing;
Very soft, gritty, reddish yellow fabric
fine many yellow-gray to medium few fine
Inclusions:
surface. some
rounded,
very voids.
gular
lighter
translucent, red.
an
Many
ca.
of
225-175
541 (P 7776) E 3:1, lower fill
H.
Diam.
20.0;
69, PL 59
Fig. of
foot
of
2.2,
rim
of
6.4,
body
2.7. One
handle
brown medium
Medium
missing.
fabric
hard,
very
few medium
very pale to fine
gritty,
Inclusions:
(ca. 10YR 7/4). rounded amber,
many
some
medium
with
some
25.3;
70, Pl. 60
Fig.
Diam.
of
of
10.5,
body
rim.
8.8.
Bottom
and part of rim missing. Soft, slightly grainy, brown fabric (ca. 10YR 7/4). Inclusions: few very pale coarse
536 (P 23082) H-K 12-14
Jar
P.H.
from the same deposit: P 28460, P 28461.
Two more Context
Radish
chipped.
(5YR 6/6),
301
CONTAINERS
OIL AND UNGUENT
OTHER
red
and
black. at
of
Fragments
least
more
three
in
same
context
Michal, Context
ca.
of ca.
of
450-430).
325-250
gray,
shiny
red.
Context
ca.
before
of
170,
later
distur
Vial
bance
537 (P 15432) C20:2 H.
handle
Inclusions: fine
Context
foot
of body
1.8, rim
largely
fine
rim
3.2. mottled
gritty,
to 7.5YR 8/4).
(5YR 7/6
rounded
coarse
of
6.7, Soft,
chipped.
to pink fabric
many white and
dull
ca.
of
missing,
reddish yellow
69, PL 59
Fig.
Diam.
19.7;
One
deposit.
Similar but smaller: P 31086 and P 31087 (Rotroff 1983, p. 290, nos. 58, 59, fig. 8, pl. 56 [H 6:9, lower fill, south Similar fabric: 520 (unguentarium). Cf. chamber]). 60:1 1989, 9.2:13, 122, 14, (Tel p. fig. pl. Singer-Avitz
translucent
few
amber,
542 (P 21076) H-K 12-14 P.H.
2.6.
Context
of
ca.
before
with
170,
some
later
distur
bance
a few pieces
with
Diam.
Rim missing. Irregular underside. Atypical fabric: medium hard, grainy, mottled light red to light brown (2.5YR 6/6 to 7.5YR 6/4). Many sparkling inclusions. Others: P 22131 (R9:5); MC 311 (E 6:2, upper fill).
red.
of ca. 200-150,
6.4;
70, PL 60
Fig.
dating
150-50
543 538 (P 17878) C20:2 H.
Diam.
24.1;
69, PL 59
Fig. of
foot
of body
1.7,
of
8.4,
rim
3.3.
Intact. Wheel-ridged body. Fairly hard, gritty, reddish Inclusions: many fine white, fabric (5YR 7/6). yellow some
to coarse
medium
translucent
6-12
P.H.
6.9; Diam.
white;
many Context
70, Pl. 60
Fig. 2.6.
Rim missing. Atypical light brown (7.5YR 6/4).
few medium
gray,
(P 20288)
P-R
sparkling. of before
ca.
fabric: medium hard, grainy, Inclusions: few medium shiny 150
red.
largely of ca. 200-150, with a few pieces dating
Context ca.
150-50
544 (P 27704) Area N 16 H.
Pointed Toe 539
(P 3203)
Fig. 1934, p. 417, no. E 126, fig. 100. Thompson F15:2 (Group E) P.H.
dish
Diam.
26.7;
Mouth brown
missing. fabric
translucent
amber,
gray. Context
of
ca.
of body Medium
hard, 6/4). medium
grainy, Inclusions: red
and
yellow
of
toe
and
fine
many translucent
Small
One-Handled
1.3,
small
of body pieces
(2.5YR
6.7. of
body
red,
some
medium
translucent
dull white. Similar, but fragmentary: P 14439 p. 379, pi. 200:3 [M 20:1, middle fill]).
gray,
many
missing.
few fine
to
medium
Context
of
ca.
100-50
hard, fine
reddish
grainy, dark;
few
spark
Jugs
(Rotroff
2000a,
chipped. hard
1.9. String
Very
5/6), fine
70, PL 60
Fig.
5.7; Diam.
Rim
70, PL 59
Fairly soft, grainy, mottled from light red to light brown (ca. 2.5YR 6/8 to 7.5YR 6/4). Inclusions: many fine to medium
some
Inclusions:
6/6).
red
light
shape.
handles,
14.0.
medium
545 (P 26955) H14:3
Fig.
Diam.
19.2;
Atypical (5YR
of mouth
fabric:
Context of 2nd century or later (with Fulminating Zeus coin T-1700; pottery discarded)
150-110
540 (P 3834) M23:l P.H.
2.3,
ing.
8.2.
5YR
(ca. some
70, PL 59
H.
Neck,
7.4; Diam.
Intact.
70, PL 60
Fig.
gray
marks
(perhaps surface.
on underside.
overtired), Inclusions:
Rim
oval
in
red fabric grainy few medium white;
sparkling.
Cf. Bruneau 1970b, p. 261, nos. D 234, D 235, pl. 49 (Delos, late 2nd to early 1st century); Technau 1929, p. 47, fig. 36:8 (Samos); ArchDelt28, B2 (1973 [1977]), p. 527, pl. 497:e (Samos, early 1st century); Greenewalt et al. 1990, pp. 164-165, fig. 33 (Sardis). Similar but with rounded bottom: Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 303, fig.
6.25:5, Context
photo of ca.
6.22:c. 150-100
302 546 (P 20277) Area Q 11, possibly H.
Diam.
5.7;
70, PL 60 Fig. from fill of Stoa of Attalos
3.5.
Small chips missing. not
be
found
Context 547
for
finished.
Roughly
examination
of
(P 8939) F 56,
rim
Diam.
8.5;
of
foot
of
rim
pi.
of body
2.6,
restored.
70, PL 60
Small
rest.
4.4;
Diam.
552 (P 6023) E14:3
of
on
marks
String
underside.
fabric: hard, grainy, reddish yellow (5YR Nonstandard 6/6). Some sparking inclusions. Small voids. Cf. Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 59-61, fig. 10 (Delos, first third of 1st century); Adriani 1936, p. 164, fig. 90:6, second from left (Alexandria, Moustafa Pacha). Context
of
ca.
b.c
110
to a.d.
Handleless
P.H.
P.H.
6.3;
Diam.
and
half
derside.
70, PL 60
4.7.
Mouth missing. One side dented and hole sprung in wall, probably during firing. Atypical fabric: hard, grainy, light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), gray core. Inclusions: dull
few medium
white
coarse
and
translucent
gray
inclu
sions; fleck of golden mica. Context of ca. 250-170
as
missing. body in dull brown but
drawn,
possibly
6.7.
body
String
on
marks mostly band
gloss, miltos
un
missing: between
the band
at
medium
the
base
hard,
of
the
smooth,
neck.
pink
Nonstandard
fabric:
(7.5YR 7/4).
Few fine
sparkling
70, PL 60
Fig.
of
largely
ca.
with
115-50,
some
3rd-century
material
553 (P 3640) Area G 13, in Great Drain H.
Diam.
6.2;
Small
of
foot
of
piece
70, Pl. 60
Fig. of
3.0,
shoulder
5.5,
body
missing.
fabric: medium Nonstandard grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: few gray; context
translucent
fine according
of
rim
4.4.
marks
String
underside. and
(P5721)
of
2.9,
the two gloss bands on the body and below
"Hellenistic"
549
foot
of of
Decoration
perhaps
70, PL 60
inclusions.
20
Fig.
7.0; Diam.
frag
Pots Fig.
Rim
Context
548 (P 18749) M21:l
two Late Hellenistic
1.
2.6.
Most
of ca. 300-250, with
Context
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H.
voids.
ments
Fig. 16, no.
p.
could
Object
Atypical fabric: medium hard, smooth, light red (2.5YR Inclusions: few medium white and black, small 6/6). of shell; many fine sparkling. Many small, irregular piece
fabric.
ca. 150
of probably before
AgoraV,
CATALOGUE
on
hard, slightly few dull white
sparkling. to notebook
(pottery
discarded)
E 14:3, in tunnel to E 14:1 P.H.
6.8;
Diam.
of
foot
of body
2.7,
Rim and most of neck missing; marks
String
on
underside.
fabric:
Atypical
in shoulder.
hard,
smooth,
pink (7.5YR 7/4). Few sparkling inclusions. Cf. Proskynitopoulou 2000, p. 395, pi. 207:p (Epidau ros, 3rd century); EretriaX, p. 196, no. 433, fig. 244 (5th to 3rd centuries). 549 may belong to the 3rd-century of deposit. of largely
component Context
ca.
some
with
115-50,
70, PL 60 (P 5726) Fig. no. F LGPN2, XXI, 243, 21; 46, p. 479, s.v. p. pl. Agora
554
5.8.
small hole
3rd-century
material 70, PL 60
Fig.
19.
E14:3 P.H.
5.4; Diam.
Rim
and on
marks
of
small underside.
foot
3.2,
fragment Traces
of
2.6. 6.7, of neck body lower wall missing. String at of black top, with gloss of
drips on shoulder and inside. Atypical fabric: hard, fine, smooth, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4). Inclusions: many fine black, few very coarse dull white. Small to large some
voids,
550 (P 10896) D 11:4, lower fill
no.
Xpr\oxoq,
inclusions.
white
with
Graffito
on
shoulder:
XPHCTOY. For
small
bottles
medicine
with
profiles,
angular
fabric: hard, smooth, pink (5YR 7/4). Many fine sparkling
see: ArchDelt 29, B'l [1979]), p. 149, pl. (1973-1974 1970b, p. 261, no. D 233, 110:y (Piraeus); Bruneau 1953, pl. 49 (Delos, first third of 1st century); Marcade
inclusions.
p.
P.H.
8.8;
543
Zahn
the names
1904,
of
most
and
425-426,
pp.
small
of
neck
missing.
nos.
428-430,
jars
of
similar
Atypical
93-96,
fig.
no. 245, fig.
1984, p. 53, under
(Priene); Raeder a series
6:b,
5.7.
mouth,
Handle,
Cf.
Diam.
with
stamped
shape
ICOAOPOY, T7PQTEOY, XAPIAHM[OY]
(Pri
ene).
Context
of ca. 200 to late 1st century, with some Clas
sical material
(P 16165)
K-L
of
18-20:1,
Fig. west
Rest.
H.
Two
nonjoining and rim,
neck
70, PL 60
11.2;
branch
rest.
Diam. sections.
and
upper
of body Middle part
8.8,
of
of part of handle
rim
4.1.
most body, restored.
fig.
101
:a (Delos,
early
1st
century);
Zapheiro
1994b, pp. 245-246, pis. 196, poulou and Hatzidakis 201 :p (Delos, first third of 1st century); Technau 1929, p. 47, fig. 36:5 (Samos); Ephesos IX:2:2, p. 152, no. O 28, pl. 213; Guz-Zilberstein 1995, p. 304, no. 15, Hershkovitz 6.23 1986, 6.25:15, (Dor); photo fig. pp. 47-48, fig. B:l-3, pl. 10:E-G (type B, Israel); Smith 1992 (Syria or Palestine?). Also with angular profile, but
551
605,
less
similar:
Kenchreai
IV, pp.
118-119,
nos.
RC
25a
and c, pl. 33; Tarsus I, p. 217, no. 93, fig. 123 (mid-2nd to 1st century); Pagenstecher 1913, p. 219, pl. XLV:6, 9 (Egypt) Context material
largely
of
ca.
115-50,
with
some
3rd-century
303
CHYTRAI
cooking
ware
CHYTRAI i: One-Handled,
Form
Chytra,
Lidless
wall
71, PL 61 (P 27913) Fig. Shear 1969, p. 394; Miller 1974, p. 210, n. 80, pi. 35;
555
Straetman
1994,
122,
p.
4, 6.
figs.
F16:7 H. Parts
of wall on
interior
upper where
shoulder, meet.
of body 21.9, restored. Lower
of
Wheel at
Angle wheelthrown
and
edge sections
of
Thin
wash outside. Classical fab orange cooking at an in kiln: much ric. Apparently stacked redder angle on underside circle diameter with (off center), stacking same of 11.4 cm, about size as rim. Contained
of a small
bones
Context
ca.
of
or
275
animal,
a
perhaps
puppy.
later
H.
to rim
wheel
wheel,
very fine
chip
rim
8.9.
exterior
to the way fabric (2.5YR
marks
sparkling.
of
14.0,
body
in lip. Lower all
red thick, gritty, coarse translucent red,
coarse, many some
of
Diam.
10.0;
Cracked, on
71, PL 61
Fig.
with
coarse and and rock many very green pink translucent Also similar gray; many sparkling. to Micaceous fabric. cooking
gray,
trimmed Very Inclusions:
5/8). and
dull
white;
shape and size: P 27977 from same deposit (Miller 1974, p. 236, no. 50, pi. 33); P 27222 (E 29:1, lower fill). Similar
Context
of
ca.
325-275
557 (P 26969) H14:2 Rest.
H.
Small
pieces
amount
Small
71, PL 61
Fig. of
Diam.
18.0;
of rim
and
body
of
22.2,
body
rim
on
12.3.
bottom
missing;
of blackening
on upper Wheel marks interior. only outside. Classical fabric. gloss cooking of ca. 325-275 Context
(P4461) to rim
Handle, restored; on upper formed
Thin
orange
71, PL 61
wall.
Bottom
and
559 (P905) F16:6 H.
17.3;
lower tool
on
of
body
of rim only
body probably exterior. Thin
71, PL 61 18.2;
rest.
Diam.
of
rim
12.5. Most restored.
Bottom, restored.
large Whole
underside
and
opposite
bottom,
Blackened handle
part on outside;
of wall,
and
a
little
over and
underside on
floor
rest.
20.0,
of wall,
parts exterior
interior.
upper
Inclusions:
5/2).
and
Diam.
two-thirds
blackened.
Wheel
Surface
of
rim
of
rim
coarse
many
on
marks
smoothed
awash. Reddish
darker gray outside?possibly
and
gray fabric
translucent
white.
Similar: P 28075 (Miller 1974, p. 236, no. 51, pl. 33 [F 16:8]); P 2884 (Thompson 1934, p. 325, no. A 57, fig. 8 [G 13:4, lower fill]). Cf. Straetman 1994, p. 123, fig. 1 (Thorikos, before 295). ca.
of
Context
350-late
561 (P 14173) O 20:3, III H. 15.0; Diam.
290s
a few
half
on
of
lower
inside.
rim wall
Lower
71, PL 61
Fig. of body 18.3, of rim ILL one
of
part
Large
side
and
of
parts
and lower wall opposite
Underside
rim
handle
restored.
blackened;
dark
Lower inside. wheel-trimmed. patches body on whole Wheel marks of interior wall. Floor height underside and even. smooth Schist fabric. cooking
and
Similar shape: P 14174 (O 20:3, II); P 18876 (appar ently residual in an Augustan deposit, S 21:1, lower fill); P 19714 (P10:2). Context
ca.
of
260-200
562 (P 26159) M 18:10 H.
ened
many
of
P.H.
13.0;
ca.
Also
rim on
rim
9.5.
restored. interior
similar
of
14.5, of body of rim piece missing. lower outside, especially
and
handle;
floor and upper
cooking Context of disturbance
many cooking
71, Pl. 61
Fig.
Diam.
Schist
Inclusions:
inclusions; shiny to Micaceous
rim
and
Wheel
Black shoulder.
225-165
derside
antine
only and
white
voids.
of
Bottom
and
fabric? Light red (2.5YR 6/6).
Few
Context
marks
of
11.9,
body of wall
part side. Wheel
to medium
fine
sparkling. fabric.
Diam.
and
on one
71, Pl. 61
Fig.
11.2;
Underside
blackened. of
of body
563 (P 11456) E 5:2, lower fill
Fig. Diam.
Diam.
20.0;
Schist cooking
of body 13.4; 16.0, of rim 9.7. of and about one-third large parts body, handle restored. marks WHieel incorrectly interior
H.
Rest.
71, PL 61
12.9.
Rest.
Diam.
marks of some by hand; red gloss. Classical fabric. cooking of ca. 350-late Context 290s
Rest.
restored.
Fig.
F 11:2, upper fill H.
325-275
560 (P4424) Fig. F 11:2, lower fill (POU?)
lower wall opposite
handle.
558
ca.
of
inside.
floor
voids.
Many
gray core.
Inclusions:
(5YR
556 (P 27989) F16:8
interior
upper
(10R 5/6),
12.0. handmade.
body rim.
and
handbuilt
rim
on
marks
Wheel
fabric? Red
medium
Context Diam.
15.5;
marks
wheel-trimmed.
wall. Schist cooking
marks
10.3.
on
wall
inner wall opposite on
interior
on
Blackened
wall,
un
opposite
handle
also
to bottom.
fabric. ca.
250-180,
with
slight
Roman
and
Byz
304 564 (P 18786) Fig. Rotroff 2004, pp. 458-459, pi. 206:2. M21:l H.
Rest. Bottom, of
on
marks
some
Inclusions: surface
within
Context
565
coarse
very
ca.
of
dull
some
of
missing.
interior
wall.
of underside dish brown clusions:
probably
(10R 5/6).
widely
on
spread rock.
pink
rim
of exterior
rim
and
restored.
trimmed.
wall
Center
irregular. Schist cooking fabric? Light red (ca. 2.5YR 6/4); slightly shiny surface. In coarse
rock
pink 250-170
ca.
for
except on one
and
side.
n.
224,
p.
of
half
rim on
Lowest 5/6).
of body
Diam.
restored.
on on
H.
A
small
few
both
all of
inside
and
Underside
11.5, body in rim.
few
sparkling. Two more
coarse
of
Rest.
white
Bottom,
rim
8.3.
H.
on
blackening
of ca.
Lower
fabric? Red
(10R 5/6).
translucent
and
in size
of wall
part
and
white; same
from
shape
175-150,
with
a few
earlier-2nd-century
pieces
(P 13706) 12.0;
Diam.
72, PL 61
Fig.
all
Almost
of
11.9,
rest.
large
parts
of
Diam. of
body
rim
Underside
inner
wall.
Inclusions: red
and
Soft,
many medium
wheel
wheel-trimmed;
fine,
light coarse
very to coarse
red
of
ca.
of rim
and
rim
upper burn
(intentional? Wheel
inside.
marks
translucent
amber;
mica.
72, Pl. 62
of body 7.4, of rim handle restored
Diam.
6.0.
and
body,
Lower
wall
(the
lat
Schist
blackened.
two Roman
with
110-50,
intrusions
fabric rock,
pink dull white.
(ca. 2.5YR few very
F 58,
1
pl.
rest.
8.2;
Diam.
one-fourth
derside
darkened.
6.1.
of
rim,
Un
Restored.
handle.
and
wheel-trimmed.
Lower
coarsely body red fabric smooth, hard, 5/6). (2.5YR some medium translucent sions: many very gray, fine striated rock; many sparkling.
Medium
Context
of
ca.
b.c
110
to a.d.
H.
10.1;
rest.
Inclu coarse
20
72, Pl. 62
573 (P 14437) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:2. M 20:1, middle fill Diam.
of
of wall
restored.
10.0;
body
of
Diam.
rim
8.0. and much
encrustation
on
many
on
medium
6/8). coarse
small part
sections preserving bottom,
on
side,
bottom,
No
and
part
burning. of rim.
soft, gritty, light brown fabric (ca. 7.5YR 6/4).
restored.
marks
72, Pl. 62
Fig.
16, no.
of wall,
red
7.8.
Small patch of wear and small patch of darkening underside.
rest.
Two nonjoining
Bottom
of body rim and
8.7;
p. H.
Rest.
G 5:3, lower fill H.
dark
(P 11868)
Rest.
568
of
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
un
190-150). Context
Diam.
Fig.
most
of
AgoraV,
deposit: P 13489, P 13497. Also very similar: Braun 1970, p. 155, no. 180:1, pi. 70 (Dipylon Well Br AbschnittVlll, ca.
and most
571 (P 19113) N20:4
incorrectly). probably fabric. cooking
Slight
rock
pink
similar
closely
pieces
72, PL 61
Schist cooking
some
earlier
rest.
gray and of golden
medium
ter
wheelmade.
totally
wheel-trimmed.
fine
many
72, Pl. 62
12.3,
body
wheel-trimmed.
some
Inclusions:
572
chips
probably
Inclusions:
of
part of underside, restored. Entire surface
(2.5YR
and
gray
out,
interior.
preserved Red fabric
Fig. of
gray;
Light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), dark gray surface (5YR 4/1).
derside and on wall opposite handle. Slight nipple in center of floor and wheel marks on whole interior height of wall:
Diam.
12.7;
Context
Diam.
a few
with
150-110,
few flecks sparkling, an Probably import. of ca. 115-86 Context
black.
567 (P 13496) G 5:3, lower fill 10.0;
and
8.3.
12.4.
to medium
fine
elongated 225-160
ca.
rim
wheel-trimmed.
many
some
white
(5YR
Inclusions:
large parts of wall and about
marks
part
of
of
19.5,
Blackened
Wheel
preserved Inclusions:
translucent,
H.
ca.
many
inside.
Context
of
dull
gray surface
underside.
voids.
Handle,
Fig. 1934, p. 367, no. C 69, fig. 51; AgoraXll,
Lower body missing; more
Few
blackened
vitrified slightly on wheel marks
on
circle
stacking coarse round
very
body
3.
13.2;
Surface
570 (P 14465) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:1. M 20:1, middle fill
G 6:2 (Group C) P.H.
8.7. surface
wheel-trimmed;
red
with
sparkling. Context
white.
translucent
71, PL 61
(P4042) Thompson
stacking Underside
rim
Entire
missing. circle.
red
of
12.6,
body
rim
interior. Red fabric (2.5YR 5/6),
ing?).
566
of
of
half
72, Pl. 62
7.5.
of wall
parts
earlier-2nd-century
Fig.
Diam.
13.0;
upper
slighdy darkened. Wheel marks on all
Bottom
many of
Context
H. About
71, PL 61
of
10.0,
a few
with
175-150,
569 (P 28316) P20:2
5/1) some
body Small
All except underside of
white
top wall.
250-170
M2L1 Handle
lower
Fig.
8.3; Diam.
and
Surface
coarse
very
(P 18787)
H.
10.6. rim
of
fabric? Red
cooking
voids,
rim
on
blackening interior wall.
of ca.
Context pieces
little
entire
Schist
wet-smoothed.
71, PL 61
of body 16.6, of of wall, one-third
large parts A restored.
handle
Wheel
Diam.
16.6;
CATALOGUE
ware
medium
and
few
very
dull white; many
fabric. cooking a pan fabric: 686, Context of ca. 115-86
coarse
translucent
sparkling. More from
the
same
Fairly
Inclusions: gray,
few
like household
than
Same
Rust
context.
305
CHYTRAI
The
Chytrai
One-Handled
Other
(P5531) Fig. 72
574
beth
est. Diam.
15.0;
Four
joining
rim,
coarse
many
white
ca.
K-L
and
level
broad
rock;
sparkling
strap
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 5/6).
fine
many
west
to rim
to rim
of body
rest.
13.1;
Diam.
of
rim
Handle,
of rim 12.1. of body 20.0, and parts of rim restored.
Diam.
20.6;
of body
in bottom,
drilled
73, PL 62
Fig.
one-third
for
presumably
ancient
on one side and underside.
Slight blackening wheel-trimmed.
branch
Diam.
11.1;
Double
579 (P 14172) O 20:3, III
holes
72, PL 62
2: One
Lidded
H.
250-210
Fig.
18-20:1,
comm.]).
225-175
Form
Chytra,
additional
below
Remarkably
(P 16162)
H.
three
About of
Kary
[Eliza
of
one-fourth
about body;
attachment.
shiny
sparkling. Context
575
upper
Soft, gritty, red fabric
handle.
at
there
17.0.
preserve of
part
handle
lower
rim
body sherds. Vertical burnishing
nonjoining of
of
fragments and
handle,
is common
fabric,
pers.
Langridge-Noti, Context of ca.
N10:2 P.H.
in a black
also
form,
stos (e.g., CK 86 and 121, from the cistern
Probably
Two repair.
Lower body Schist
wheelmade.
completely
fabric.
cooking Context
ca.
of
260-200
8.6. most
Handle, Part
of
bottom
of
wheel-trimmed.
and
rim,
lower
and
Probably
Abundant
(ca. 10R 5/6),
Max.
p. dim.
Part
Hellenistic
frag
of
Double
rim,
of
rim
half
of
rotelle
at arch,
cooking 225-160
fabric.
ca.
Form
3: One
with Schist
shouldering. Context
(P32648) Fig. 72
and
handle,
handle
ments
576
est. Diam.
9.1;
of handle
13.0; W.
2.8.
(D 11:2).
two Late
with
voids.
73, PL 62
(P 4044) Fig. 1934, p. 368, no. C 72, fig. 51. Thompson G 6:2 (Group C)
fine,
Hard,
Few
of another: P 32657
of ca. 300-250,
580
possibly with gray
inclusions.
sparkling
Fragments Context
wheelmade.
totally
grainy, thin, red fabric core.
restored. large part of body wall blackened. Lower part
of
rotelle
attached
preserved. to rim with
Handle,
Lidded
F16:8 P.H.
9.5;
Diam.
Handle, handle. fabric
(2.5YR dull
of
18.5,
body
and
body, wash
brown
Thin,
medium
of
lower
a similar
missing. Soft,
powdery, Inclusions:
on surface. yellower and translucent gray;
5/6), white
few
Strap red some
sparking, nos.
p. 71,
1997,
Intzesiloglou
no.
B.E.
13182,
pl.
56:a.
restored.
tino [Thessaly], 3rd century). For an apparently similar pp. 194-195, shape with two handles, see OlynthusXlll, nos. 217, 218, pl. 137. of
Context
ca.
325-275
P.H.
for
spout
with
Similar
of rim
10.6.
of parts at 90 degrees
mouth
pouring. medium many
4/1). fine white.
some
trefoil
17.5; Diam. of wall and
Dark
right-handed Inclusions:
fabric
gray to coarse
to
pink,
P.H. One
Wheelmade.
(10YR
5/1), translucent
darker gray
small
Hard, on
and
fragments
10.0.
flank
handle cook
Schist
from
probably
segment fine,
of
rim
and
thick, gray grainy, Inclusions: many some sparkling.
upper fabric coarse
with
225-165,
H.
few
small
arch
of
two
Diam.
14.4;
Intact
ves
similar
Late
Hellenistic
intru
except dark handle.
bosses. triangular on inner wall. of
ca.
to rim
15.4, of rim on rim and
chip on
patches Handle
73, PL 62
Fig.
of body for
underside.
Underside Schist
10.2. of part Small at
attachment
rim
rotelle.
at
flanked
by
wheel
wheel-trimmed; fabric.
cooking
73, PL 62
Fig.
20.0;
A
rotelle
190-160
583 (P 29358) P21:4
surface.
white,
ca.
of
(P 21190) 12:1, second POU
Q
H. and
rim
bosses triangular projecting rim. wheelmade. Completely
handle
Context
8.0. handle
of
sions
225-180
578 (P 32670) Fig. 72 P2L4
wall.
Three
marks ca.
13.9,
sels: P 4043 (Thompson 1934, p. 368, no. C 71, fig. 51 T 387 [G 6:2]); (H-K 12-14); 585, the latter without
(ca.
fabric: 651, 652, 659, and 666. Perhaps At of
of body
fabric.
ing
582
rim
tic. Context
on
Context
72, Pl. 62
Fig.
of body most
Diam. missing;
body Thin
restored. handle 10YR
rest.
9.7;
Diam.
rotelle.
577 (P 19101) N 20:6, lower fill (POU) Lower
Two
attachment
(Velis
13.8;
73, PL 62
small hole in side; part of rim and one boss on rim
One
121-122,
pp.
to rim
H.
649, 651, pis. 27, 61 (Chytra I and Chytra II); Doulgeri
Rope
581 (P 15453) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pi. 206:4. B 20:2, lower fill
small voids.
cf. CorinthVU.3,
form,
Chytra,
11.6-11.9.
bottom
outside.
with fleck of golden mica. Many For
rim
Diam.
of body
19.6;
rest.
Diam.
of
rim
11.2. Most and
of
lower
rim wall
and
much
somewhat
of body blackened.
restored. Wheel
Underside marks
on
306 inner
and
wall
of
edge
Lower
floor.
CATALOGUE
wheel-trimmed.
body
sions. of
Context
584
ca.
73, PL 62
Fig.
P2L4 P.H. Bottom
of body 18.0, of Part of lower wall
Diam.
17.1;
missing.
no
with
Context
of ca. 225-175
rotelle:
p. dim.
coarse
translucent
Lower
one
wall
of
shouldering.
586
73, PL 62 1.6.
bosses
flanking
a few
with
225-175,
derside
and
on
pieces
73, PL 62 of un
at center
handle.
Single
17.9;
of wall
Parts lower
and
wall,
Dark
rest.
17.0; of
Diam.
of
restored.
rim
opposite marks
rim
H.
22.1;
Diam. and
Handle
(deliberately?)
Underside, blackened.
on
half
upper ochre
Gritty
from
marks
Wheel
cooking
chytra
Group
(AgoraV,
p.
Exterior
fabric of P 11904, 3,
72 [N 19:1, upper fill]), is also similar and, according to John Hayes, related to Phocaean. Possibly related to Lopas
fabric.
5 cooking
For
shape,
p. 366, no. CH 15-48, pi. 6 (Charaka Context
of
ca.
150-100
cf. Lohmann
[Attica]).
rim
similar
possibly
16.0.
about
of
one-sixth
Outer
surface
wall
upper
but
darkened, inside.
marks
Wheel
a
from
ca.
of
p. dim.
Brown
contemporary
deposit:
imported.
150-110
est. Diam.
8.6;
rim
of
in outer
face
of
rim.
Slate
either
one-handled
fabric.
cooking
listed there. May have
For fabric, cf. 588 and others been
16.0.
part of handle and small segment of rim. Slight
ca.
of
17.0;
or
588),
(cf.
two-handled
(cf.
150-110
74, Pl. 63 Fig. from upper fill (Group F) of
Diam.
body
5/2), sions:
some
A
gray.
of
rim
of wall
parts
and
14.6. rim
lower
and
restored. Grayish brown fabric (10YR
outside to coarse
fine
20.3,
body
missing; on
darker
few
(wash or wet-smoothed). few medium dull white,
Inclu trans
voids.
Cf. SamosXW, p. 118, no. Z 122:E (mid-2nd century). Probably imported. context
from
Probably
fabric.
pis.
fabric
(H 14:3). Probably
592 (P 11905) N 19:1, probably
cook
F 83,
of
cooking.
of
on inner wall;
19, no.
ochre
(P 3409)
lucent
of body 18.6, of rim 13.0. rim restored. and of parts body
F
Bruneau
cf.
shape,
voids.
Context
74, PL 63
Similar fabric: 591, 624, 837. The a
from
half of one handle
Slate
For
594.
a coarse
fragments
P.H.
Fig.
blackened.
wheel-ridged.
lightly
592 and 593). Cf. Ephesos XIILLl, p. 97, no. 328, pl. 26, with double handle. Probably imported.
190-160
wheel-trimmed.
underside
few
Lower
588 (P 19947) D 17:5, upper fill
and
preserving one handle.
necessarily
Upper
11.2.
handle only
wheel-smoothed.
ca.
inside.
patches
fabric.
est. Diam.
10.4;
Max.
fabric.
of
in
74, Pl. 63 Fig. no. E 103. 132, 1934, 417, p. fig. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E)
Same fabric: 589 and 594. Context
wall
fabric (7.5YR 5/2). Inclusions: small angular translucent gray and white, some very fine dull white; fine sparkling.
591
74, PL 63
Fig.
wall upper inside. Wheel
deposit interior. Underside ing
P.H.
ridge
of body and most
of one preserved;
74, Pl. 63 Fig. no. E 103. 131, 1934, 417, p. fig. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E)
Context
(Imported)
Diam.
other
and
wall,
exterior
P 33305, P 33306
Cf. OlBerW, p. 73, fig. 39, a chytra found at Olympia containing a coin hoard dated between 180 and 146. Context of late 2nd to early 1st century
H.
the
Imported. ca. 190-160
of
Other
fabric.
(P 21311) Q 12:1, first POU
of
(P 3408)
Very
21.4.
587
lower
of
made of 589.
Context
not
Wheel marks on interior only. Lower body possibly made in form, though smoothed on the wheel. Schist cooking
Variants
attachment
and
Fragment rim and and
later
rim missing. Blackened handle. lower wall opposite
and
Handle
of body
missing, of upper
of rim 14.8. 20.2, body but trace of lower attachment
trimmed,
century), to that
No
preserved.
Fig.
Diam.
of
underside
590
D 19:2, fill I (POU) 21.0;
Diam.
edge
Inclusions: many
(2.5YR 6/6).
(P 17023)
P.H.
and
white.
ca.
of
20.9;
74, PL 63
Fig.
ochre Gritty cooking fabric: Same 587
Cf. 584. Context
H.
Handles
Underside
and part of rim. Rope handle
red fabric
rotelle. Light
(P 21312) 12:1, first POU
1970b, p. 259, no. D 217, pl. 48 (Delos, first third of 1st
of handle
9.0; W.
at rim, with
joining
restored.
Fig.
part of handle
Upper
Q
on
585.
585 (P 28212) F 17:4, lower fill Max.
589
about half of rim and parts of body restored. Blackened
11.6.
joins rim with
slightly blackened. Handle Schist cooking fabric. Another
rim
Vertical
Two-Handled,
4:
Rim
225-175
(P 29357)
Form
Chytra,
Rope handle meets rim with shouldering. Fine, slightly grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6). Few sparkling inclu
of
593 (P 19255) Area B 16, lot nn 82 P.H.
17.0;
Lower
1993,
body
of
of body
missing,
rim,
lower
part
110
b.c
to a.d.
28.9, except
of
of for
About one
20
74, PL 63
Fig.
(not illustrated).
fragments parts
Diam.
ca.
handle
rim
22.7.
a few
nonjoining
half of wall, restored.
small Black
CHYTRAI on
ened interior
half
about
lower
wall;
of
exterior.
body
and
on
marks
WTieel
Probably imported. Largely Classical and earlier context, with Hellenistic half
of
2nd
and
century
possibly Early Roman
Walls
Brown
on
interior.
upper on circle
33.2,
of
wall
restored,
rim
Bottom
to within
some
ochre
fabric.
cooking
a few
with
ca.
of
to rim
earlier-2nd-century
Lidded
has
smooth
fire.
Underside
to rim
H.
cept Some
center
than
from
Diam.
18.9;
handles,
mouth,
fire.
26.5,
body
full
side,
possibly
Slight
angle
from in
of
probably and on
Dull,
body
of mouth.
interior
of ca. 350-290,
Context
brown
streaky, Classical
with
18.1. ex
cent
gray
firing at shoulder.
and
bottom
3, n.
p.
75, PL 64
Full profile of body
14.8;
body
23.7,
on
Blackened
underside
on upper outside wall. Very lightweight. shoulder. body.
Large
Regular wheel-ridging on shoulder, A incised
translucent voids,
with
gray sometimes
white
Similar, inMicaceous lower fill). ca.
of
Context
22.4.
H.
to
half
less
so,
sparkling.
on
light red medium Many
(E 14:1,
rim
75, PL 64
Fig. fill 19.5;
Diam.
of
body
30.2,
43.0,
of
rim
39.0. about
preserving
one
stubs of one handle. Wheelmade Exterior
inside).
many
H. About of
floor
exterior marks Schist
fabric: P 6338
(P 21:4).
surface
verti
partially
coarse
very
translucent
white,
coarse
few very
few fine sparkling. as
almost
large:
uninventoried
of
ca.
from
fragments
(N 10:2).
250-170
601 (P 28448) Fig. Rotroff 2004, pp. 458-459, pl. 206:1. P20:2
lower
inclusions.
cooking
voids.
of body sections
nonjoining
Others
before
325-275
597 (P 11246) B 13:7, bottom Rest.
fabric, some
translu
19.9.
Slight angle at
-trimming under handle,
somewhat surface
rim
and,
or
red soft, thin, light Inclusions: (10R 6/6). some and dull white;
Fine, firing. on interior
of
for center of bottom. About
except
restored.
of
surface
few medium
76
the same context; P 5533
8.
Diam.
interior
250-170
of rim and
Context to rim
H.
on
marks
(10R 5/6 on exterior
deposit: P 29353
Fig.
(wheel-ridging
Q16:l Rest.
wheel
few
Very
est. Diam.
23.7;
to exposure surface inner
from repeated perhaps lower walls darkened;
cally polished. Very hard, rough and gritty, very thick fabric, reddish brown toward exterior (2.5YR 4/4), gray toward interior, with weak red surface (2.5YR 4/2). Inclu
small later Hellenistic
Fig. 1982,
ca.
of
Three
sions:
(P 26661)
75, Pl. 64
Inclusions:
blackened). and white.
dull white; Boegehold
and
wheel
8.
wheel-trimmed;
600 (P 32645) M2L1
fourth
disturbance
596
17.8.
Underside
of of rim 19.8. 23.5, body areas of rim restored. Underside
a few
surface,
Context
P.H.
outside gloss fabric.
cooking
Diam.
and
From a contemporary
rather
Rim slightly offset from body. Top wheelmade, handmade.
rim
preserved restored. body
profile of lower
most
of underside; on over
of
and
discoloration use
not
where
75, PL 64 (P 889) Fig. Agora XII, p. 373, no. 1956, pi. 94; Bats 1988, p. 47, fig. 7:3; Bats 1994, p. 409, fig. 1:2. F 16:1, various depths Both
p. 3, n.
wall. Hard, fine red fabric
595
Rest.
rim
of
22.3,
Fig.
16.4;
of wall
Parts
Two-Handled,
5:
75, Pl. 64
fabric.
cooking 265-200
1982,
gray. Underside Form
impressions
M2L1
Stacking
pieces
Chytra,
parallel
Rim slightly offset. Prominent
(P 18788)
H.
175-150,
be
could
wall
interior Thin,
of body restored.
Diam. of wall
parts
Boegehold
Same fabric: 587 and 589. Imported. of ca.
on
fabric.
14.2;
Schist
inside.
599
marks
underside.
Context
and
Context
scraping
wheel
wheel-trimmed;
Gritty
marks
23.8.
within except stacking ca. 15 cm of rim inside:
blackened
deposit Underside
residue?
food
rim
wall
lower
Some
blackened.
Fig.
one side blackened. of body and
of
parts underside.
circle.
Fig.
Diam.
31.5;
Small
74, PL 63
to rim
H.
Rest.
H.
and
cooking ca. 300-200
of
walls
Wheel-ridging on bottom. not
but
bottom,
598 (P 19716) P 10:2, lower fill
Variant
on
near
from
Context
fragment
594 (P 13707) G 5:3, lower fill
bottom.
flattened
lower
one
and
1st century
what
and
on underside ridges of a form. Schist
inclusions.
second
Underside
restored.
Fine, grainy, red fabric (10R 5/6). Inclusions: some dull white; few fine sparkling. Some voids with dull white
of
half of wall, and one handle
Over half of rim, bottom,
upper
wheel-trimmed.
underside
307
of
rim
to rim
Diam.
of
of
of rim 18.2. 24.1, body rim restored. and Center body Underside and very blackened missing. pitted, walls blackened but not pitted. wheel Prominent
on
17.0;
one-third
76, Pl. 64
outside
cooking of Context
wall;
bottom
probably
made
in form.
fabric. ca.
150-110,
with
a few
earlier
pieces
602 (P 13483a) Fig. Area R 19, found with its lid (714), buried made for it H. to rim (with coating) 17.8; Diam. of rim One handle and small part of rim missing. at angle. No visible wheel marks. Red fabric
76, Pl. 64 in a hole 18.1. Handle (1OR 5/6
308 in fresh
Inclusions:
break).
gray. Exterior of clay.
medium
many
translucent
over
plastered
completely
CATALOGUE
two
with
layers
Form of lid (714) suggests an Early Hellenistic date. A fragmentary chytra (P 34501) with a thick layer of unbaked
on
clay
2nd-century
the
was
exterior
in a 3rd-
found
to
Rest.
Rest.
and
on
posit
Diam.
18.0;
of body of rim 19.5. 24.8, rim restored. and Dark de
of wall
parts outside
lower
76, PL 64
Fig.
to rim
H.
Bottom
and most
of
interior.
All
on
marks
WTieel
Context
Schist
ca.
of
interior
of
on
Offset
shoulder. in a form;
manufacture
suggests body on underside.
marks
rim
of bottom
no
Hard,
and many
small
Wheel
fine,
circle;
fragments
of no.
143,
a
fabric:
cooking
cf.
Context
of
from
Perhaps
Form
6:
Collar
Two-Handled,
(P 32676) Fig. 76
N 20:7, lower fill P.H.
5.7; Diam. half
served;
of
of rim,
nonjoining on marks
wheel
Context
15.5.
H.
preserves Schist
One large what
sides
above
just
of
on
Cf. EphesosXlll:l:l, of ca. Context
represent
on
lower
Horizontal
606
form.
In
(10R 5/6).
striated
rock;
many
102,
7: One
no.
365,
Rest.
H.
rim
21.3.
unknown
to rim
restored.
and
Vertical
few
24.6;
of burning marks wheel
coarse
P.H.
less
haps imported. Context of
translucent
pronounced ca.
77, PL 65 rim
of
of
inner
of
edge where
angle
Inclusions:
restored.
rim.
area
fabric gray on un circle to coarse
medium
many
Lower
trimmed
thin,
reddish
19.0.
rim
smooth fairly brown stacking
Hard,
5/4).
a.d.
1st century
of
100-50
and
body half
about
wheel-trimmed,
77, PL 65 192, 511, and 662
Fig. lot NN 824, with
of
Diam.
9.5;
meeting
of
15.3,
rim
11.9.
of
rim missing. at shoulder slight
Lower
gray
on
surface fine
(5YR
Inclusions:
5/2).
body Hard,
angle.
reddish
fairly smooth, reddish brown fabric (2.5YR 5/4),
to coarse
few fine
sparkling. of
imported. ca. 100
Form
b.c
to a.d.
100
9: Wide-Rimmed
77, Pl. 65 (P 2393) Fig. no. C 368, 51, 108; 1934, 70, p. Amyx figs. Thompson
1958, of body
32.0;
Diam.
p. 47,
on underside. on
upper
the
rim.
Per
of wall
interior
Hard,
yellow.
inside
XII,
Agora
p.
224,
n.
3; Bats
at
wall Lower
part
voids,
and
clearly to be wet-smoothed,
appears Wlieel marks core
dull
white,
1988,
of
same ca.
on
upper darker.
one
side,
wheelmade
made but interior.
Inclusions:
over not
form. wheel
Red
fabric
some
very over surface causing widely spread some translucent gray; sparkling.
probably
few medium
of
meets
body
Underside
angle.
5/6),
Probably Context
Lower
blackened.
slight
trimmed. (2.5YR coarse
of body 18.1, of rim 16.6. rim restored. Underside,
Diam.
13.2;
Parts and
Inclusions: many medium
flange
97;
7:4.
fig.
H.
Underside interior.
n.
230,
p.
G 6:2 (Group C)
from the Agora: P 11909, P 11908, P 11509 19, 33-34, nos. F 84, F 85, G 116, pis. 3, 7, pp. (AgoraV, 38, 72 [N 19:1, upper fill]), with a more elaborate strap but
with
Chytra,
One
Others
handle
N5/),
Bottom
77, PL 65
depth rest. Diam.
grainy, red fabric (2.5YR5/6). black,
III,
610
Traces
wheel-trimmed;
wall.
(2.5YR
at
ridge
609 (P 33047) Area B-C 18-19,
Almost all of lower body and parts of upper body and rim
rim
(Kabirion
imported.
27.6, body and one-fifth
slight
upper
Probably Context
Fig.
from
of body
pronounced
Context
30.
pi.
Handle
23:1,
perhaps
pinkish white. Similar: P 11907 (AgoraV, pp. 18-19, no. F 82, pis. 3, 72 [N 19:1, upper fill]). Perhaps imported.
white;
(P 4362)
M
(7.5YR derside
wall,
of
impression
coarse
to very
p. 175-125
Form
body meets
wheel-trimmed,
of
Diam.
19.5;
one-third
but
on
smoothed
offset
Slight
some
sparkling. Possibly Attic.
Chytra,
cf.
of
a red
11.7.
underside,
Underside
on wall.
coarse
many
rim
of rim restored. Body pitted,
away. interior.
could
Diam.
hard, slightly grainy, red fabric
clusions:
vessels and
surface
Variant
marks angle,
Medium
with
Fig.
Thin
76, PL 65
Blackened
and
wheel
wheel,
Slight
fabric.
cooking
rest.
16.4;
body
and most
flaked
on
pre
of wall.
part
Fig. of
handle
areas
handle
225-160
Diam.
14.1;
one
and
shoulder,
wall.
upper
ca.
of
rim
part of section
605 (P 8034) E 6:1, lower fill
of
to rim
H. About
Over
white.
pinkish
shape, Thebes
mostly
underside.
150-86
Rim
604
shoulder.
on
circle
gray
For
a.d.
pl. 28). ca. 100-50
interior
characteristics
608 (P 15855) E14:9 Chytra,
rim.
restored.
(2.5YR 5/4),
stacking to coarse
837.
1st century
536,
on
fabric
smooth,
624,
of wall
pieces
marks
reddish brown
stacking
p.
wheel
of
28.3,
body
Slight ridge at inner edge of
for gray on surface, except Inclusions: medium many some The fabric shares
fabric.
cooking
of
Diam.
18.4;
around.
way
part
Slate
Thick-walled
and heavy. Slightly flattened bottom meets wall at slight angle. lower
to
H.
77, Pl. 65
Fig.
17.7.
rim
603 (P 28147) E18:7
Flat-Rimmed
Entire exterior blackened.
context
No
8:
607 (P 11688) M-N 18:1
early
(K 7:1).
deposit
Form
Chytra,
fabric
225-160
as 611.
Probably
imported.
309
CHYTRAI 611 (P 32677) N 20:7, lower fill P.H.
of body
rim
of
22.0,
20.5.
Perhaps Context
Nearly half of rim and upper body, segment of lower marks
Wheel
body.
inside.
thick, red fabric out.
and
few
dark gray surface
and
gray
dull
large
striated
rock;
fine
ca.
of
to rim
P.H.
77, PL 65
Fig. no.
18,
F 81,
72; Bats
3,
pis.
1988,
H.
of
Diam.
16.5;
Parts
of wall
blackened. at
slight
Underside
above
and
red fabric
many
coarse
coarse
to very with
Hausmann
1996,
OlBerVl,
pp.
Context
rims
similar
69,
Diam.
9.9;
of
Thumb
Gray fabric
striated rock very coarse translucent few very coarse
Probably
imported.
1 st-century
context
see
shoulders, 14
pi.
(Olympia);
rim
of
12.0.
No
handles.
medium
on
band rim.
below
brown
6.3;
handle
visible
Imported. Context
P.H.
gray,
Bottom
fine
sparkling.
(2.5YR
15.0.
very somewhat
outside. Inclusions: many self-slip few fine dull white; gray and amber, small round voids. same
of
Perhaps
as 615.
fabric
see Bats
profiles,
rim
of
Hard, 4/8),
1988,
pp.
and
slightly blackened medium few
upper gritty,
thin,
For
nos.
of
ca.
P.H.
One
4.6;
similar 1148,1149,
of
rim
few medium
gray,
diameter
pieces trimmed
and
Inclusions:
of body of wall
78, Pl. 66
some
of
of
point
on
in old
(5YR 5/4,
translucent
gray,
few
in F
13:3
flecks.
mica a similar
chytra
p. 103, no. 367,
Cf. EphesosXlll:l:l,
depth).
to
wheel
fabric
fine
fragment
18.3.
Underside
wheel-ridging
medium
many white;
restored. on
brown
rim
of
23.6,
above;
slightly
115-86
P.H.
the
weak
5.3,
(a)
(b)
nonjoining and other, on
groove
est. Diam.
6.3;
of
fragments one-third
preserve of rim and
shoulder,
slight
rim
16.0.
one
handle,
shoulder. at base
offset
part Broad, of
rim.
Hard, grainy fabric, pink in break and inside (7.5YR 7/4), brown dull
outside white
(7.5YR
and
shiny
gray,
some
Inclusions:
4/2).
coarse
few
imported. of ca. 150-100,
dark
some
with
620 (P 33407) E18:7
19.0.
handle
and part of rim and upper wall. Fine of
handle
attachment.
gritty, red fabric (2.5YR 4/6), (2.5YR4/4).
Diam.
small
Underside
Probably Context
at
level
surface.
orange/yellow
translucent
medium
red.
Classical
78
Fig.
est. Diam.
reddish
thin,
(P 33408) Fig. 78
Two
Many
250-210
615 (P 33336) E18:7
with
and
attachment, sandy,
D10:3
translucent
somewhat
handle
shoulder,
(b). Broad
225-175
14.0;
and
Imported. Context of ca.
of
166-167,
of
part
30.
619
outside,
sparkling.
14.5.
rim
body
pi. 39 (Olbia [Provence]); Carter 1998, pp. 727-728, nos. CD 147, CD 148 (Metapontum, 4th century). Imported. Context
intru
sparkling.
dull very coarse Uninventoried
Chytrai
of
slightly
medium
to rim.
(unknown
one-fourth
Wheelmade.
preserved. red fabric
later
78, Pl. 66
handle,
below
body, hard,
ca.
of
blackened.
pl. rim
fine
very
618 (P 14460) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pis. 201:4, 202:d. M 20:1, middle fill
some
78 of
with
one
(5YR 5/4)
some
translucent
Globular
and
1st century,
est. Diam.
interior wall. Reddish
est. Diam.
P.H.
lower
Medium
fabric
largest
614 (P 32646) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill One
early
sections:
nonjoining
Inclusions:
some
white;
Two-Handled,
white;
and close to half of rim (a); and rim fragment
break). Other
to
(b) 4.1;
dull white; many
(5YR 5/1). and
grainy,
few fine dull
Fig.
10.7,
Inclusions:
imported.
of rim and upper body pre
at base
marks
wheel marks.
imported. of ca. 150
(a)
Two
77, PL 65 of
15.9,
body
Hard,
and
gray
Shal
handle.
Inclusions:
shiny
(P 32672)
P.H.
fine
many
Fig.
and most
Both handles served.
70,
47-48, fig. 27. Probably to a.d. of ca. 110 b.c 20
613 (P 10901) D 12:2, lower fill P.H.
offset
and
nos.
35,
p.
one
shoulder.
(10YR 6/3).
coarse
13.5.
with
P2L4
Inclusions:
rock;
gray
617
red
sparkling. For chytrai
rim
of
angle
slight
very
Probably Context
meeting shoulder.
(2.5YR 4/6).
shiny
Lower
restored.
wheel-trimmed, on interior
fairly smooth,
and
of
shoulder,
16.7.
handle
marks
Wheel
angle.
rim
of
Hard,
surface
rim
sions
20.8, body end of one
and
Imported.
sparkling.
47,
p.
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
groove
est. Diam.
4.8; of
low groove white
p.
as 614.
fabric 150-86
(P 33399) Fig. 78
One-sixth
225-160
(P 11906)
AgoraV, 7:6.
rim
ca.
pale brown fabric
612
body wall
same
of
116:5
imported.
Variants
fig.
616
sparkling.
Probably of same fabric as 610. Probably Context
inside coarse
and
white
many
of
medium
smooth,
hard,
Very
(2.5YR 5/6),
Inclusions:
translucent
sparking, few flecks of golden
shiny gray and white; many mica.
est. Diam.
12.2;
77, PL 65
Fig.
Inclusions:
Medium
hard,
reddish brown on exterior many
medium
to coarse
P.H. Single rim and
6.4;
est. Diam.
fragment wall. upper
(2.5YR 5/4),
brown
79, PL 66
Fig. of
rim
preserves Hard,
21.0. handle gritty,
(7.5YR 4/2)
and
reddish
one-fifth brown
on exterior
of fabric
surface.
CATALOGUE
310 Inclusions:
coarse
many
flecks.
mica
Many
Probably
large
some sparkling, in break. and
gray; many in surface
shiny voids
imported.
Context
ca.
of
Upper part of handle and segment of rim and upper body; partially restored. Blackening on lowest preserved of exterior
part
150-86
diagonal
(P 32868) Fig. 79
621
F 13:3, unknown P.H.
one-sixth
About
a wide,
from
of rim
and
wall. upper Schist cooking
vessel.
dium hard, grainy, medium sions: many
Seemingly Me fabric?
thick, red (10R 5/6).
Inclu
striated
rock;
to coarse
medium
many
shiny
gray
of ca. 150-86
the
5th
one
of
rim
max.
p. dim.
(a)
14.3,
13.5,
(b)
(c) 9.7. sections
nonjoining
of rim
part
preserving
and
handle (a, b) and section of wall (c). Pronounced wheel marks inside. Medium hard, slightly grainy, thin, reddish brown fabric (5YR 5/3), light brown on surface (7.5YR some
Inclusions:
6/4). fine
medium
translucent
gray;
many
sparkling. Imported.
of ca. 115-86, with a few Early Roman
Context
to rim
P.H.
handles,
of
restored.
partly
preserved;
of
7.6; Diam. most
rim rim, WTieel
pieces
some
to coarse
translucent
H.
of
ca.
17.7,
at
and
part marks
18.9.
shoulder
wall
of
upper on wall.
Fairly
(P 677) Thompson n.
gray;
red many
and
black
and
Inclu
medium
3; Bats
p. 46,
fig.
21.3;
Small
of rim 15.7. of body 23.0, rounded of wall and rim restored. Very
Lower
part
hand
probably
formed.
and
interior
Slate
cooking
fabric. Shiny, possibly vitrified surface; red stacking circle on
underside.
625
of
ca.
160-130
(P 20891)
AgoraXll,
p.
79, PL 66
Fig. 371,
under
no.
80, PL 66
of body
trace
one of
at base
offset
of
23.9,
rim
16.3.
of wall
and
parts large side blackened.
rim
and Rounded
on
marks
Wheel trimming. of low, vertical
Schist
neck.
context
627 80, Pl. 66 (P 22130) Fig. R9:5 H. 38.5; Diam. of body 39.0, of rim 29.5. Most of bottom and large parts of wall restored. Slight burning Context
H.
on
underside. ca.
of
23.9;
Small
Schist
fabric.
cooking
200-150
Diam.
of body and
parts
rim
of
22.5,
14.8. Underside
restored.
rim
of wall
81, PL 67
Fig.
and
walls slightly blackened; heavy blackening on floor. Un derside trimmed on wheel. Wheel marks on upper half Inclusions: many of interior wall. Red fabric (2.5YR5/6). translucent
angular
gray.
of ca. 200-150,
small Late Hellenistic
with
629 (P 13708) G 5:3, lower fill 25.5;
below
81, PL 67
Fig. rest. of body 26.1; of rim restored.
Diam.
Diam.
and most
of wall somewhat marks
on there
are
ca.
175-150,
interior
wall. no
Slight
temper
of
Underside
heavier
blackened,
which
Wheel
blackening
rim
15.5.
and on
low floor.
in lower wall, angle Schist tracks. cooking
fabric. of
Context
with
a few
earlier-2nd-century
81, PL 67 (P678) Fig. no. D 77; 390, 71, 1934, p. AgoraXIl, fig. Thompson p. 224, n. 3; Bats 1988, p. 46, fig. 6:7. H 16:4 (Group D) 630
H.
lower 13.9;
386,
Lidless
Fig.
and
no
2nd-century
est. Diam.
of body
37.0,
19.3;
Parts
1928.
D17:3 P.H.
only
p.
pieces
For fabric see 588 and others listed there. Another was identified in the fragment of a vessel of this shape context pottery of deposit N 20:7, lower fill. Imported. Context
1973,
Two-Handled,
Diam.
22.7;
Slight fabric.
cooking
er wall
Diam.
parts
io:
underside
with
Parts
on upper slightly irregular bottom. Wheel marks wall.
bottom
H.
6:6.
H 16:4 (Group D) H.
Sackett
intrusion
115-86
1988,
Vari
300-250
Underside
coarse
sparkling.
79, PL 66 Fig. 1934, p. 390, no. D 70, fig. 77; AgoraXll,
624
224,
of
Context
Imported. Context
p.
round
medium
from
chytra
and apparently
and
628 (P 20442) D 17:4, lower fill (POU)
soft, thin, gritty, light brown fabric (ca. 7.5YR 6/4). sions:
Classical
79, PL 66
623 (P 14461) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 201:3. M 20:1, middle fill Both
ca.
of
Form
interior.
Three
contemporary
rim profile,
Graham,
(Jones,
Chytra,
restored. 22.0;
origi traces of
no. 103, fig. 11). Perhaps Attic.
Most
F 19:3, lower fill Est. Diam.
A
century).
handle
Rest.
(P32639) Fig. 79
622
with along outside. wash
orange
626 (P 14234) S 19:2, lower fill
Attic.
Context
to
has a slightly different
Context
sparkling.
Cf. Paphos III, p 164, no. 10, fig. LVIILIO, from a deposit of ca. 120-100, identified there as Italian; Kition IV, p. 249, no. 457, fig. 225, late 3rd to early 2nd century. Perhaps
Thin
were
there
suggests inside
Cf. AgoraXIl, p. 371, no. 1928, fig. 18, pl. 93 (P 21947) and Meligunis-Lipdrall, pp. 78, 89, pl. 59:1, 5 (all dating
28.0.
rim
of
shallow
size Large Wheel marks
smoothing. fabric.
cooking
depth
est. Diam.
7.9;
wall.
two handles.
nally
of
rim
19.0.
and,
part more
of body
Diam.
of wall of
and other
so, on
17.4,
rim,
upper restored.
floor.
Underside
of
rim
of part Blackened
12.3. one
trimmed
handle on
and
underside on wheel
to
LOPADES on upper height of ca. 8 cm. Wheel marks Inclusions: outside. Red fabric (2.5YR5/6). translucent fine
dark
few medium
gray,
white
red
circular
Occasional sparkling. discoloration.
interior and some coarse
and
voids
black;
P.H. 24.7; Diam. of body 30.0, of rim 22.3. Bottom missing. One handle and small parts of wall rim
and
many
surrounded
by
Schist
Context
Diam.
16.5;
Small lower
and
wall,
outside
of
on
and
blackened.
floor;
made
probably meets underside.
rim
Underside, on
marks
at center
of
in form;
separately Schist
where
walls
fabric.
cooking
Diam.
Five upper hole
sections: lower
wall
on
outer
carbonate;
rim
14.0.
two
of
and
bottom. in on
marks
one
rim,
of
Part
rim
of drilled
110-86.
handle
ca.
of
Context
of
rim
13.0.
and small part of rim and upper wheelmade.
Probably
Hard,
body dark
translucent
white
yellowish
B.C.
110
interior;
sparkling.
nos.
513, ca.
of
(P 32669)
P2L4 P.H.
to
12.0,
(a)
Two
514,
26.
pl.
250-210
81
Fig. 8.3;
est. Diam.
sections,
one
(b)
nonjoining
of
of rim
rim
12.5.
(b),
the other
Variant
Inclusions:
coarse
many
rock
pink
and
Similar fabric and shape: 634; P 32678 81, PL 67
pre
serving part of rim, handle stubs, and lower body (a).Wheel made. Very hard, gritty, thin fabric, dark reddish gray on inner and outer surfaces (ca. 5YR 4/2) with red core (10R 4/6). white.
Fig.
on
visible
Similar fabric and shape: 635; P 32678 (N 20:7, lower fill). Similar profile, but dated in the 5th century: Kabirion
635
20.
633 (P 29355) P21:4
thin,
gritty,
bottom
wall,
on exterior). of inner Most (irregularities covered surface thick white (calcium by coating reacts with Hard, acid). hydrochloric gritty,
fabric, light red in break (2.5YR 6/6), reddish gray on surface (5YR 5/2). Inclusions: many shiny gray and white,
a.d.
9.1;
III, p. 142, Context
Bottom
antiquity? upper
and
bat
striated. many green Date: probably
81
est. Diam.
P.H.
One
angular some fine
mended
fragment: at center. Wheel
formed
of
19.0,
body
in one
flattened
and
of
nonjoining two of wall,
Horizontal
Baggy,
reddish gray fabric (10R 4/1), reddish brown on outside (2.5YR 5/4); self-slip outside. Inclusions: many coarse
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Est.
n:
Form
preserved.
(P 11890) Fig. 81
632
wall
225-175
634 (P 32647) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill
Bottom
floor.
crack
lower
of late 2nd to early 1st century
Context
Lower
11.5. intact.
Wheel
nipple
ca.
of
Chytra,
otherwise
side;
floor
blackened. fabric.
Handles
of
15.6,
body
in one
hole
wall
cooking
81, PL 67
631 (P 15652) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 495, pi. 206:3. D 19:2, fill I (POU) H.
Lower
restored.
wheel-trimmed.
Somewhat similar in form: Tenos I, p. 223, no. Eb 9, pis. 105, 121.
of ca. 160-130
Context
311
translucent
(N 20:7, lower
fill). Context
ca.
of
225-175
LOPADES i: Upturned
Form
Lopas,
Rounded 636
82, PL 67
Fig. 1940,
134,
p.
99:b;
fig.
p.
AgoraXll,
373,
no.
1965, fig. 18, pi. 95; Bats 1988, p. 49, fig. 8:2; Bats 1994, p. 409, fig. 1:3. F 12:3, lower fill H.
to rim
Small on
floor
6.2; Diam.
of wall parts or underside.
Context
ca.
of
of and
rim
restored.
Classical
No
wheel
fabric.
cooking
to rim
6.6;
Diam.
of
Parts of wall restored; faces
blackened.
Underside 5/4),
Wheel
rim
surface.
6.5; of
slight blackening handles. Underside Classical
82, PL 67
rim
Inclusions:
Context
Lopas,
22.3.
on
indicates of
ca.
of
Diam. rim
rim
18.5.
and
of wall
parts underside
on
and
wheel-trimmed;
restored.
Some
lower
surfaces
wheel
marks
fabric. cooking an early-3rd-century 300-210
2: Upturned
Form
82, PL 67
of on
date.
Handles,
Flat
Bottom
and
wiped, no wheel marks. Weak
brown-gray
to rim
One-third
Fabric
flange of rim chipped. All sur
marks
H.
interior.
290s
637 (P 27973) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 238, no. 54, fig. 6, pi. 33. F16:8 H.
marks
325-275
638 (P8417) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pl. 207:1. D 11:2
19.2.
rim
335-late
ca.
of
Context
(P 4389)
Thompson
some fine sparkling. Many voids.
few large dull white;
Handles,
Bottom
some
upper
exterior.
red fabric (10R medium
and
639
(P 6219) Fig. AgoraXIl, p. 374, no. 1970, fig. 18, pl. 95. G1L.4
H.
to rim
15.9;
rest.
Diam.
of
rim
42.0.
82, Pl. 68
CATALOGUE
312 Most one
of
floor,
part
handle
and
parts
for
ancient
clamp
shaped join Wheel
of
the on
repair
illustrated) is a simple
(not One
over
of wall,
preserve
floor.
clamp. attached
two-point
Inclusions:
most
of
Traces
of
rim,
with
three on
blackening
many
to
holes,
underside.
wheel-trimming
spaced
on floor. Schist cooking
marks
5/6). (2.5YR some medium
of
restored.
Nonjoining fragments of three more clamps. two are T The other
parts
three-point clamps A little three fragments. on wall; marks closely
or polishing
half
other
pink
the more
has
example
large
(P 7778)
to rim
H.
One
lead
wall,
and
shiny some
rim
of
parts ancient
rim
some
restored. lower
coarse
few
rock,
dark;
to rim
82, Pl. 68
Fig. rim
of
Diam.
4.5;
and
wheel-run
15.7.
lower
and part of bottom blackened.
wall
on
marks
polishing
red fabric
highly fired, fine, weak
fine
2nd
Shallow, underside.
(2.5YR 4/2).
inclusions.
sparkling
century). Context of
ca.
300-210
Middle
to rim
H.
Engaged
3:
walls,
300-200
Underside
Part Form
and
646 (P 29348) Fig. 83 P2L4
sparkling.
Another: P 26967 (H 14:2). Context of ca. 325-250
Lopas,
ca.
of
missing. concentric
on
lines
polish
Inclusions: many coarse
striated
medium
wall
Underside,
repair. Concentric
Red fabric (1OR 5/6).
white,
and
center
and
Cf. Kabinonlll, p. 143, no. 562, pl. 30 (3rd century); no. 24, pl. 20 (Eretria, first half of 39, 1997, p. Metzger
31.5. of
and
patches
part of wall, on underside
Over half of rim and wall, handles,
Few
bottom
13.3. rim,
(P 8424)
Hard,
for clamp floor blackened.
underside.
Context
H.
2.
Diam.
8.7;
of
of
D1L2
E 3:1, lower fill Most
rim
interior slightly blackened. Schist cooking fabric. Found with and fits lid 715. Similar shape and fabric but larger: P 399 (H 6:4, POU).
round
82, PL 68
Fig. n.
227,
p.
AgoraXll,
of most
Diam.
missing; restored. Black
floor
645
extremely
ed bottom of Form 1: P 27195 (E 29:1, lower fill). Context of mostly ca. 350-290, deposited ca. 250 640
of
rest.
4.3;
Handles
82, PL 68
Fig. fill
rock,
dark.
Another
H.
fabric? Red
coarse
very
644 (P 11247) B 13:7, bottom
Diam.
10.8;
floor
rim
of
small
and
37.8. rim
of
parts
restored.
Under
Schist cooking fabric? Hard, side partially blackened. grainy, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6). Inclusions: many very
Flat
Handles,
of
Bottom
coarse
rock. shiny of ca. Context
Early 641 (P 28079) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 238, no. 53, fig. 6, pi. 33. F16:8 to rim
H.
lower
and
5.9; Diam.
parts interior
wall,
blackened.
ca.
of
647 (P 29349) Fig. 83 Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pl. 207:2. P2L.4
22.2. rim
and
Closely Micaceous
on underside.
marks
polishing Context
rim
of
of bottom,
Small
fabric.
325-275
wall,
(P 16293) Fig. 82
642 P.H.
most of
of rim
of
7.0; Diam. over other
the
rim
half
and All
restored.
ca.
of
to rim
Over
11.3; of
half Some
stored.
near
of
Fairly hard, Inclusions:
some
Context
with of
ca.
white 265-200
of
(D 17:4, lower fill)
to very
22.8.
of outer
Base
Small parts of wall and and
wall
blackened.
handles
fabric. ca.
225-175
M2L1 and wall;
one
marks
on
(10R 5/6), coarse
re
handle
all of
interior
grooves
inner
wall.
gray core.
translucent
dark; fine sparkling. Many inclusions.
rim
of
(P 18780) Fig. 83
649 32.4.
outside
Wlieel
83
Fig.
7.1; Diam.
restored.
82, PL 68
of wall,
red fabric
and white and medium voids,
rim
rim
on
coarse
part
225-175
Slightly less than half missing.
I 17:5); P 5532
(in firing?). Shallow wheel-run
grainy,
to rim
H.
fabric.
smaller,
648 (P 29350) P2L4
cooking of Context
part
underside.
many
interior
Schist
of
Diam.
blackening
center
and
handle and
Fig.
floor,
but rim blackened
one
outside
250-210
643 (P 19715) P 10:2, lower fill H.
rim, of
cooking
Similar: P 1080 (slightly (N 10:2); P 8423 (D 11:2). Context
interior
24.3.
of wall
Micaceous
blackened.
ca.
of
Context
underside
on ridges and lowest
fabric.
Similar: P 20448
N 21:4, lower fill Bottom,
on
in
Blackened
restored.
floor. Wheel
and
wheel-polishing Schist cooking
wall.
28.4.
rim
and
parts on underside
patches
rim
of
Diam.
9.2;
of wall
Small
wheel-run
cooking
to rim
H.
Outside
restored. spaced
225-175
82, PL 68
gray
large
H.
to rim
part blackened.
outside
side. Wheel
rim
of
Diam.
22.2.
bottom,
Concentric on
marks
floor.
rim
and
wall,
(ca. 5YR 4/3). Many
fabric small
6.2; of
Small
polish Hard,
grainy,
sparkling
restored.
marks
on
reddish
All
of
under brown
inclusions. Many
voids.
Similar: P 23604
no. 255, pl. 53 (AgoraXXVII, p. 201,
[Q9:4]). Context
of
ca.
250-170
313
LOPADES 650 (P 18781a) M21:l to rim
H.
about
of
half
lower
Diam.
4.9;
of bottom,
Most
of
and
polishing
rim
18.8.
of wall,
parts restored.
rim
blackened.
wall
83, PL 68
Fig.
Flat
of
side
underside
voids.
irregular
of one
half
One
handle
marks
floor. Hard, grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6). some
dull
medium
fine
A
sparkling.
few
same
context:
Context
some
voids,
Lid of appropriate
coarse
and
white
of
surface
83, PL 68
wall,
of
rim
rim,
and
few small white;
few
from
same
the
ca.
Also
workshop.
similar
to rim
medium
rather
Circular form.
fabric
Hard,
and
on
ca.
of
fabric
workmanship
striated,
many
cf.
fabric
restored.
Most
surfaces
of
rim,
blackened.
partly from
Probably
rim
context
Part
to rim of
and
Outside
and
part
less
of
marks; smoothing surface finished, very
rim
than
floor
ca.
rough.
115-86
With Unusual Attachments
655
cooking B.C. to a.d.
(P32653) Fig. 83
B 13:8, lower fill (POU)
wall Schist
and
Flat
cooking
most
and of
on
smoothing
of
bottom
of
surface
interior.
Schist
all
feet,
somewhat
fabric,
less
carefully
a few
with
175-150,
earlier-2nd-century
of floor
Diam.
6.8; and
outside
part rim blackened.
of
Schist brown
(2.5YR5/4). fine sparkling.
many inclusions.
23.0. Under recurved
slightly above rim. Wheel Hard,
Inclusions: few
A
restored.
Horizontal
smoothed,
fabric?
cooking
rock;
Perhaps Context
underside
floor;
rim
of
of rim and wall
hug wall and project on
84, Pl. 69
Fig.
but has irregular red slightly grainy, some coarse striated
voids,
often
with
white
Attic. of
ca.
250-170
20
rim
restored.
underside
trimmed.
similar
to rim
H.
659 (P 8569) E 6:2, lower fill to rim
with
Very poorly fabric.
(M-N 15:1, disturbed).
slightly blackened. dard, wall;
due
perhaps underside
4/1).
Many
of
coarse
rim
wall,
26.4.
and
rim
missing.
Underside
Rim differently profiled from the stan to
overfiring.
irregular.
dish brown fabric
84, Pl. 69
Fig.
7.8; Diam. of floor,
Fragments
of wall
Some
ca.
of
and
dish
restored.
83, PL 68
blackened.
lower
Similar fabric: P 22948 of
of
Center
16.8.
half
14.0.
of wall, part on bottoms
658 (P 18779) M2L1
fabric.
110
rim,
pieces
H. of
no
Context
handle
Fig.
5.2; Diam.
floor
one
and
ca.
of
654 (P 8572) E 6:2, upper fill H.
17.9.
Schist
of
of
fabric.
handles
of
p. 233,
AgoraXIl,
made, with thicker rim and handle: P 11898 (N 19:1, 1993, p. 108, no. C 120, fig. 65, upper fill). Cf. Vogeikoff 167 Attic. (Athens). pl.
side
83, PL 68 Fig. from upper fill (Group F)
5.5; Diam. of bottom, half
center;
pl. V:4,
rim
Diam.
Blackening underside.
except
voids.
to rim
10.4;
One-third
Rest. also
225-150?
653 (P 11901) N 19:1, probably
130,
p.
n. 8; Thompson 1976, p. 261, fig. 138. G 5:3, lower fill
few sparkling. as 651;
83, Pl. 69
Fig.
1962,
Variants possibly (ca. 7.5YR
Late
All
at
handle
Scalloped
250-170
(P 13710) Sparkes
marks
H.
blackened.
Underside
underside
gray grainy, coarse pink-white
black,
totally
than burning.
ca.
of
Context Surface
of 577, 659, 666. Perhaps Attic. Context
657
21.7.
ridge
many
shiny white;
Same
rim
restored.
from firing
Inclusions:
N5/).
of
of wall
wheel-polished. from bat or
83, PL 68
Fig.
Diam.
6.5;
parts
possibly
23.0.
sparkling.
cooking Another
225-165
652 (P 19910) D 17:5, lower fill Small
fine
H.
voids.
probably
H.
rim
of
Entire
fabric: 577, 659, and 666. Perhaps Attic. of
some
Context restored.
handles
Inclusions:
(5YR 4/1).
Context
est. Diam.
5.1;
of rim with part of upper body and
Exterior
handle.
27.0.
Similar: P 4045 (Thompson 1934, p. 368, no. C 73, figs. 52, 121 [G6:2]). For fabric and treatment of underside, cf. 652,
P.H.
11.2;
one-sixth
Attic.
8.8; Diam.
Few
83, Pl. 69
Fig.
tached to lip. Schist cooking fabric? Hard, slightly grainy, red (2.5YR 4/8). Inclusions: many very coarse pink rock;
lines on Irregularly spaced wheel-run polish at center from bat. ridges Wheel-smoothing on wheel marks inner wall. Hard, dark grainy,
sparkling.
15.0.
325-260
p. dim.
About one
250-170
Fig.
floor,
gray fabric
rim
(P 32642)
Max.
dark.
underside; on floor,
of
M2L1
inclusions.
726. ca.
of
to rim
Parts
white
656
ca.
of
Context
some
rock;
est. Diam.
5.3;
Attic.
and similar fabric from
diameter
651 (P 26271) M 18:10 H.
Inclusions:
striated
with
and
wheel rough on wall and
with
Wheel
and
underside
P.H.
About one-fifth of rim and upper wall, with handle. Scal loped handle attached to lip.Hard, slightiy grainy, thin, red dish brown fabric (5YR 5/4). Many sparkling inclusions.
Hard,
(2.5YR 5/4), light
Wheel-ridging smooth but
on bumpy,
dark gray surface
inner red
(ca. 5Y
inclusions.
Similar fabric: 577, 651, 652, and 666. Perhaps Attic. Context
660
of
ca.
175-125
(P32671) Fig. 84
P2L4
314 P.H.
lower
est. Diam.
9.5;
Both
and
wall
bottom
Wheelmade.
fabric
of
most
handles,
Soft,
Inclusions:
and
gritty,
of
part
floor
medium
medium
many
wall,
upper center of
light red on exterior
abundant
striated;
WHieel marks
24.0.
rim
preserved; somewhat
(2.5YR 5/6),
6/6).
rim of
CATALOGUE
missing.
surface
translucent
(2.5YR and
gray
sparkling.
to rim at
Lower Underside side
Diam.
6.4;
exterior
of rim
of
look
upper
interior wall. Hard,
6/8).
Inclusions:
some
amber, few medium of golden
rim
blackened.
translucent
dull white; many
and
gray
flecks
sparkling,
of
1st century ca. 110-50,
on
patches
B.C.). Imported. two Roman with
nent
marks
of
16.3,
body
rim
from
below
wheel-trimming
handle.
coarse
striated
few
rock,
very
coarse
and
shiny
of
dull
imported. ca. 100
b.c.
to a.d.
restored.
tightly
5.4;
rest.
rim, much
84 17.4.
and
part
Very
and of
light.
interior
many medium
fine
gray; flakes.
translucent
mica golden to but more Similar of
ca.
delicate
one
and
floor,
very
(5YR 5/6).
many than
handle a few
blackened,
Underside
red fabric
rim
rim,
23.1. and
wall,
handles.
Floor
(2.5YR N4/), some
Inclusions:
places.
floor
irregular. me
small voids, some with white of
similar
date
has
similar
ca.
of
115-50,
with
some
4,
Bats
3rd-century
(P 11902)
fine
to rim
handle
Imported.
including Entire
center of floor;
outside
darkened.
floor,
1988,
49,
p.
27.7. and
wall,
rim
Outer
blackened. wheel
on
marks
restored.
Underside
of underside part inner walls. Schist
and wheel cooking
core.
coarse striated many Few translucent white.
rock,
Inclusions:
to very
coarse
gray
few medium
voids.
Probably Attic. of
Context
ca.
to a.d.
b.c
110
20
Vertical Handle 668 (P 32644) M2L1 handle
preserved;
cooking on
exterior
Samaria Context
center
5.4; about
and of
floor
fabric: yellowish and shape,
84, Pl. 69
Fig. handle
without
One
Similar
19.2.
preserved.
Diam.
8.9;
of
partly
P.H.
est. Diam.
pis.
72;
few
250-210
Slightly over half missing,
F 76,
(2.5YR 5/4),
Inclusions:
sparkling,
664.
84, PL 69
Fig. 18, no.
p.
grainy, reddish brown
smooth.
84, PL 69 Fig. 1934, p. 390, no. D 72, figs. 78, 121; Bats Thompson 1988, p. 49, fig. 8:12. H 16:4 (Group D)
of one
of of
fabric? Hard,
(P 679)
trace
in
a context
largely
trimmed; Diam.
fine, yellowish
6.1;
tucked
vitrified
from
Context
floor
of wall
inside.
patches
P.H.
Diam. half
fig. 8:7; Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pl. 207:4. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)
Two
Hard,
664
84, PL 69
handles: P 33053 (T 27:1). Similar fabric: 577, 651, 652, and 659. Perhaps Attic.
Parts
Underside
Context
earlier-2nd-century
inclusions.
667
100
Straight-Sided,
4,
663 (P 16294) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill
dark
a few
with
over
Note
nearly
H.
of
5
Lopas
very hard, grainy, dark gray fabric
Thick,
Delicate Form
Most
of one part a few dark
material
Form
to rim
84, PL 69
wheel-trimmed.
rest.
7.5; and
restored.
white;
Handles
H.
Imported.
Fig.
handle
AgoraV, Lopas,
missing.
31.5.
Underside
175-150,
to rim
H.
Another
sparkling.
Probably Context
rim
666 (P 6029) E14:3
Medium
hard, slightly gritty, yellowish red fabric (5YR 5/6), brown from sooting on outside (7.5YR 5/2). Inclusions: many many
of
dium pinkish white. Many
16.0.
of rim and about half of floor missing. Promi
One-fifth
are
floor
pieces
Rest.
84, PL 69 192, 511, and
Fig. lot NN 824, with
of
Similar
663.
Imported. of ca.
surface 6.4; Diam.
as
of wall and rim, parts Underside blackened;
interior.
(P 13709b).
intrusions
609 P.H.
light red
cooking fabric: reddish yellow (ca. 7.5YR 7/6). Another from a context of before ca. 150 (P 20994, R 9:5). Found together with a fragmentary lid of Form 5
One
662 (P 33052) Area B-C 18-19,
as delicate
not
Diam.
bottom,
restored.
Context
Found with lid 735. Cf. Peignard 1997, p. 311, pi. 231:5 (larger, from Delos, first third of 1st century). Also somewhat similar is Sackett 1992, p. 182, no. 15, pi. 126 late
to but
8.7;
of
handle
grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR
medium
to rim
Most
mica.
(Knossos, Context
fabric:
665 (P 13709a) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pl. 207:3. G 5:3, lower fill
restored.
at center of under Concavity on marks marks. Wlieel string only
like
5 cooking
surface.
the lower wall and though of ca. 160-130 Context
H.
of part of handles
undersides
wheel-trimmed.
exterior
fabric: 672, 740, 741. Cf. perhaps Berlin 1999, p. 136, nos. 244, 245, pis. 12, 29 (Troy,mid- to late 3rd century),
13.5. small
floor;
and
has what
84, PL 69
Fig.
center
inside. Lopas
gray similar
Canonical Form
661 (P 12088a) N20:4 Hole
6/6),
Shape red
thick,
Perhaps Attic. Context of ca. 225-175
H.
(10R
est. Diam.
18.5. of
one-fourth missing.
rim
Wheelmade.
brown fabric
and
wall
Lopas
(10YR 5/4),
gray
rim. but no.
III, p. 228, of ca. 250-170
apparently 5, fig. 40.
in a different Imported.
5
ware:
315
PANS AND PARCHERS Form
Lopas,
P.H.
No
Straight-Sided,
5:
85, PL 69 (P 3413) Fig. 1934, p. 420, no. E 141, figs. 105,121; Bats Thompson 1988, p. 49, fig. 8:14. F 15:2 (Group E)
669
H.
Rest.
7.0; Diam.
25.0.
Small part of wall and rim and over half of bottom re stored. Outside and part of upper rim blackened. Wheel on
marks
inner
wheel-trimmed.
underside
wall;
A
(P 20:2).
no.
p. 420, of Context
same
the
the same context:
42.5 cm) from 1934,
of
example
larger
E
143). 150-110
ca.
P 3415
Rest.
H.
Wheel
10.5;
of
(Thompson
inner
For
lid
matching
ported. Context
671
ca.
of
11.6;
restored. entire
underside
wheel
same
from
see
context,
733.
Underside
coarse
yellow;
dull
many
white
of
ca.
672
of
many
planes.
85, Pl. 69
24.3.
bottom
and
and
coarse
translucent
rim
of
part darkened.
floor
(2.5YR 5/6).
and
Hard,
many
fleck
sparkling,
wall
miss red
grainy,
Inclusions: many medium gray;
Demetrias
dark red, of
golden
I, p.
context. ca.
of
no.
126,
155,
but
45:1,
pl.
a
from
Imported. 115-86
(P 11882) Fig. 85 AgoraV, p. 18, no. F 77, pl. 72; Bats 1988, p. 49, fig.
674
5
Lopas and
est. Diam.
6.7;
of floor, including burned
and
fri
on wall.
(ca. 5YR 5/3). coarse
translucent
gray; of ca.
Context
wheel-trimmed.
wet
Surface
thick, slightly grainy, reddish yellow Inclusions: many fine to medium some 110
sparkling. b.c to a.d.
20
Hard,
Inclusions: shiny
Underside
smoothed. Hard, fabric (5YR 6/6).
wheel-trimmed, fabric?
25.8.
of wall and rim with part of floor. Wheel
Segment marks
cooking
elongated
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H.
grayish
675 (P 33785) Area B 16, lot nn 74 to rim
H.
est. Diam.
4.5;
85, Pl. 69
Fig. rim
of
15.5.
Half of body and slightly over half of rim missing.
150-110
Lopades
Bottom
(P 32673) Fig. 85
N 20:7, lower fill
underside
and
wheel-trimmed.
sparkling. Mixed Hellenistic
to
Hard,
lower gritty,
some medium
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 5/8). fine
on
blackened
regularly handle.
Other
Diam.
6.7; all
fabric
sparkling.
Imported. Context
H.
Outside
ing.
85, PL 69
very heavily Underside
darkened.
slightly grainy, reddish brown few
Im
27.8.
wall.
gray;
to coarse
points
surface
which
8:8.
Diam.
on
marks
fine
very
under translucent
673 (P 14462) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:5. M 20:1, middle fill
3rd-century Context
wheel
150-100
surface
fine
fabric: red (10R 5/6).
Parts of wall and rim and much center,
outside,
some
Imported. of ca. 225-160
Context
restored.
Fig. 1934, p. 420, no. E 142. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E) H.
Marseilles.
Cf. rim
and
(P3412)
Rest.
wash
Hard,
gray on
(2.5YR 5/6),
mica.
of wall parts of wall body;
trimmed. Lopas 5 cooking
WHieelmade.
wall.
upper
thin, red fabric
Buff
from
Rest.
85, PL 69
and
For two lids of the same distinctive fabric, see 740, 741. The fabric is also similar to that of 664. Cf. Bats 1994, p. 414, fig. 6:12, from the region of
31.2.
and
on
marks
Inclusions:
Almost
Diam.
bottom
of
is gray.
Imported.
670 (P 19938) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pi. 207:5. D 17:5, upper fill Most
ca.
(Diam.
shape
rim.
interior
sparkling,
24.0.
rim
of
fine, fairly smooth,
5
Lopas
cooking fabric: light red (ca. 2.5YR 6/6). Closely similar: P 3411 from the same context; P 28447
able;
est. Diam.
5.9;
One-sixth
Handles
red
Ir of
fabric
dull white;
few
context
Roman
Early
surface
PANS AND PARCHERS Cf. P 10128
Parcher
676
(P 4462) Fig. 86, PL 70 Sparkes and Talcott 1959, fig. 40; Sparkes 1962, p. 128, pi. IV:6, right; AgoraXll, p. 375, under no. 1987. F 11:2, upper fill H.
to rim
Mended
7.5; Diam. from
many
38.8.
of
interior,
Floor smooth inside
and
none
on
About
exterior.
No
(worn?) but not polished.
in spots
outside.
a
Context
677
p. 375, no.
(AgoraXIl,
5th-century of ca. 350-late
290s
(P 26965)
AgoraXIl,
p.
1987, fig. 17, pl.
context.
86, PL 70
Fig. no.
375,
1988,
pl.
96.
H14:2
fragments.
one-fourth
rim and small parts of wall restored. Slight darkening center
from
96),
Classical
wheel
Thin
cooking
of
at
marks.
red wash fabric.
H.
to rim
3.9; Diam. Underside
Complete. bottom edge where of bat, where clay
rises was
28.1. and up pulled
floor to rim up
blackened. probably to make
Angular marks edge rim. Wheel
316 on
smoothing
grainy, some
floor
reddish
underside.
fabric
to coarse
medium
on
not
but
brown
Hard,
fine
gray,
B 21:24, construction
slightly
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 4/4).
translucent
CATALOGUE
dark;
About
many
Similar but with different handles: P 26966 no.
375,
1989,
to rim
Parts
of
bat
parts with
marks
or
on
wheel
wet-smoothed.
Context
ca.
of
86, PL 70
of wall,
restored.
irregular,
Bottom
floor.
surface;
pitted Wall
wheel-trimming. Schist cooking
with
One
fabric.
to rim
One
3.6;
over
including darkened;
Slab
wheelmade
floor,
Diam.
29.2. of
half
center.
stored,
86, PL 70
rim,
A heavily
much
re
floor
of
entire pan, with of underside. parts 1 Pan wet-smoothed.
used
heavy burning wall. Interior
on
ca.
of
Context
to rim
all over.
slipped
pans,
of
ridge
Handles
at
center.
carelessly
few
Probably the ends
joined,
wet not
in
to rim of
coarse
surface
Entire
and
from
offset
cooking
nistic
of
but
coarse pink and
white;
many
different
with
without
Plain,
sparkling. of
placement
Handles
bottom.
rim
mat
some
with
crazing polished, on underside. Not impression that there were no handles; certain
to be preserved this was a pan of Form
is
enough
1. Pan
1
cooking
inside.
ca.
325-200,
fabric.
of ca. 225-175
(P 3420) Fig. 87 1934, p. 419, no. E 139, fig. 105; AgoraXIl, Thompson
685 p.
n.
228,
2.
F 15:2 (Group E) 3.0; Diam.
part no
of wall evidence
and
rim
restored.
of burning.
blackened.
part Slab
bottom.
Inner
smoothed.
Pan
1 cooking
fabric.
Imported. Context
Slab
26.0. of
ca.
of
floor
all
Almost
restored.
surfaces
Interior
Pan
wet-smoothed.
1
with
substantial
Late
Helle
wet
87, PL 71
of base
10.7,
of
rim
16.0.
Part of floor and half of wall and rim restored. Medium
disturbance
hard,
682 (P 19807) Fig. Rotroff 2004, p. 460, pi. 208:1.
3.9; Diam.
surface
150-110
686 (P 14432) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:9. M 20:1, middle fill H.
of
probably
between wall and slab rough in places; floor
surface
Entire
restored.
Floor
Imported.
34.2.
but
and
floor, wall,
Possible
Context
fabric.
Imported. Context
pol
smooth,
26.8.
of Slab
Central
small
darkened
bottom. Junction wall
dull
possibly
fairly
115-86
2:
half
possibly
translucent
86
Diam.
4.2; floor
very
ca.
of
surface.
H.
H.
coarse
similar,
blackened.
Attic. Probably ca. 225-150?
681 (P6341) Fig. E 14:1, lower fill Most
hard,
Fairly
voids.
5.6; Diam.
Over
1983, pp. 126, 138, nos. 99, 228, figs. 9, 18 (Knos
sos, Roman). Context
floor
wet-smoothed;
684 (P 11674) Fig. 87 Rotroff 2004, p. 460, pl. 208:2. M 20:4, lower fill
Bottom
blackened.
white; gray, voids. large, irregular Many on bottom, cf. 783, 787 circle (braziers) no. PW 298, II. 1, p. Ill, Tel Anafa pi. 34;
many sparkling. raised For
Hayes
rock,
Form
H.
Underside
translucent
on
few
wheel-trimmed. edge outside. Wheelmade
Inclusions: many
(10R 5/8).
discoloration
handles: Conti 1989, p. 281, no. 322, pl. XXXVTI (Locri late 4th to early 3rd century). Imported. Epizephyrii,
Pan,
smoothed. Schist cooking fabric? Fairly hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some coarse pink rock and medium
wall
on
wall
least wet-smoothed.
large Many Somewhat
18.2.
floor missing. circular bat;
on
formed
Inner
rim.
at
floor meets
re
rim
and
wall,
some
(F 19:3,
86, PL 70
Fig.
2.8; Diam.
of
Pieces
and
floor,
outer
the
bottom, slab
of
parts
blackened,
250-170
680 (P 19902) D 17:5, lower fill H.
86, Pl. 71
29.9.
small heavily
Slab
Context
Similar but larger (Diam. 41.5 cm): P 16397 lower fill). Imported.
and
where
ished,
fabric.
cooking
and,
floor.
green and
Diam.
4.1;
handle
red fabric
handle,
surface
Handles
Fig. rest.
glosslike walls wet
140-115
Underside
Offset walls
679 (P 18791) M21:l
smooth, strokes,
fabric.
cooking
ca.
of
to rim
H.
wheelmade,
stored.
Plain,
1
black
underside
683 (P 14463) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:7. M 20:1, middle fill
on
Blackened on
slightly somewhat
325-290
i:
Form
H.
of wall and rim and parts of floor
Variant
floor
and
Imported. Context
on Pan,
Pan
smoothed.
29.0.
wall,
and
interior
(AgoraXll,
context.
Fig.
Diam.
5.0; rim,
underside formed
same
from
96),
pi.
678 (P 27197) E 29:1, lower fill
no
one-third
35.7.
center. Floor and including ened. Floor has very Underside rough. burnished with visible surface, straight
of ca. 325-275
Context
H.
fill
Diam.
4.9;
restored,
sparkling.
p.
to rim
H.
86, PL 70
sions:
gritty,
many translucent
reddish fine gray
yellow to medium
and
medium
fabric dull
(ca.
white, to coarse
Inclu 6/6). some medium
5YR
red;
some
spar
PANS AND PARCHERS flakes. More
kling, silver mica
ware than
like household
a 573, chytra ca. 115-86
fabric: of
Context
sections
nonjoining
two
of
parts
preserving
handles
and small segment of wall and edge of floor. marks inside, light outside. Schist cooking wheel Heavy
fabric.
cooking Same
Two
317
same
the
from
context.
fabric. Attic.
(P32680) Fig. 87
687
ca.
of
Context
two Roman
with
110-50,
intrusions
N20:4 H.
est. Diam.
3.6;
Two rim
wheel-smoothing once have may
about one-third preserving outer floor. Traces part of floor. Slab on lower inner wall and floor. Handles
been
of
two Roman
with
110-50,
to rim
P.H. Two
nonjoining
2.9; Diam.
less
parts inside.
so,
on Blackening wheel-trimmed. bottom,
Slab
Interior
made.
irregularly Attic.
wheel
lightly
but
coarse
context
from
ca.
of
to a.d.
rim
20
Pan,
Tube
Plain,
3:
to rim
Most
of
and
floor
surfaces
All
Hard,
quite
many
of wall Slab
red fabric
grainy, translucent
and
gray,
rim
floor
(10R 5/6). coarse
restored.
ca.
of
Form
Pan,
Inclusions: round
white
fabric?
n.
228,
2; Bats
8:18.
fig.
to rim
Floor, ing. Partly
restored.
inner
wall.
as
half
about
Outer
though interfere
Some
wall
and
to receive with
lid.
wheel-finishing
of wall underside lid,
and
rim miss
coarse
green
striated
blackened.
but
placement marks wheel
Heavy on edge
inclusions.
Probably Attic. Context
of
ca.
691 (P 32681) N20:4 H.
to rim
6.0;
3.8; of
part
Possibly
Fig.
on
of underside.
696
a few
with
later
fragments
88 24.5. and
floor.
with
325-200,
Outside
slightly
Late
substantial
Helle
88, Pl. 71
Fig. fill est. Diam.
27.0. and part underside.
on
blackening
(5YR 5/2).
coarse
few
rim
and
wall,
dull
of
ca.
of one
han
Hard,
very
Inclusions: many few
white;
sparkling.
225-170
(P 18790) 1958,
Amyx
88, Pl. 71
Fig. p.
n.
232,
118.
M2L1 H.
made
34.0.
fabric.
cooking
of
fabric est. Diam.
and of wall parts Slab floor, the
Attic.
3.2;
rest.
Diam.
shiny
25.0.
one-fourth
restored. served; on floor. No wheel
87
blackened.
Micaceous
floor,
rock,
pink
About 150-110
small
and
floor
of rim, wall,
some
Probably Context
Schist cooking fabric? Hard, fairly smooth, red (10R 5/6). Many
and
260-180,
ca.
of
to rim
Small
coarse
29.8. and
handle,
formed Lip handles would
floor
grainy, reddish gray fabric
Diam.
6.9;
one
88, Pl. 71
disturbance
H.
dle.
F 15:2 (Group E) H.
1st
Schist wheel-polished. cooking weak red Inclusions: smooth, (10R 5/4). fine rock; many pink sparkling.
695 (P 16214) N 21:4, middle
Rim
p. 49,
of
material
Probably Attic. Context nistic
1988,
ca.
segment Underside
Hard, coarse
many
(P 3414) 87, PL 71 Fig. 1934, p. 420, no. E 145, figs. 106,121; Agora Thompson p.
some
with
24.9. of
est. Diam.
3.2;
darkened.
polished.
690 XII,
3.5; Diam.
of
Small
115-86
4: Flanged
rock,
Floor
wheel-trimmed.
part
H.
and pink; few flecks of golden mica. No voids. Another identical: P 6030 (E 14:3). Imported. Context
(5YR
foliate
shiny
of
Edge
fabric
Fig.
Exterior
Context
wheelmade
bottom,
some
half
floor.
sparkling.
20-50,
694 (P 6346) Fig. E 14:1, lower fill
wet-smoothed,
possibly
coarse
87, PL 71
34.6.
small parts blackened.
partially
Interior
wall.
Diam.
4.8;
of
A small fragment similar in form and fabric: P 6347 (E 14:1, lower fill). Probably Attic.
Handles
689 (P 14464) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 201:8. M 20:1, middle fill H.
a.d.
one-fourth
restored.
outer Form
many
5: Grooved
to rim
H.
B.C.
110
white;
ca.
of
About
Probably
coarse
very
693 (P9401) K18:2
fabric.
cooking
than
trace
and,
Wall floor
abundant
Form
Pan,
underside
wet-smoothed;
probably scored. Schist
less
preserve and
B.C.
century
19.0. restored.
handle
Soft, gritty, reddish brown
Inclusions:
Context
Small
one
with
very
33.5.
sections
Probably Attic.
intrusions
688 (P 11899) Fig. 87 N 19:1, probably from upper fill (Group F) H.
est. Diam.
4.5;
of floor convex.
Schist
87
Fig.
circumference,
5/4). some
ca.
of
Context
(P 33295) Q13:l
of
of Form
pan certain.
present (making to be is preserved
enough fabric.
cooking Attic.
a
this
not
but
1),
692
22.0. sections
nonjoining and and wall
in a form. (5YR rock,
5/4). some
of wall Some marks
and
floor
blackening on exterior;
and on
less of
underside,
rim pre more
possible completely reddish brown slightly grainy, Inclusions: to coarse medium many
Hard,
fine
black;
abundant
sparkling.
318 Fabric
unusual;
not
possibly
H.
edge Attic.
served;
center
exterior
wall
Diam.
27.0. one
preserving Schist cooking
second
half
handle,
of wall
part
fabric.
of
3rd
Context
century.
(P 14397) Fig. 88 to rim
One
rest.
5.2;
and
handle
Diam.
of wall
and
floor
some
coarse
dull
some
white;
coarse
very
dark
fine
rock, me to very voids.
pink few medium
red,
Many
sparkling.
to Roman
Hellenistic
Form
Pan,
Diam.
About
Very
clamps,
and
and
holes
of rim and wall and part of floor mended
with into
carved
all of
and
derside,
a seventh
for
exterior
a thin
Floor
the
so
fabric
no.
128,
but
grainy
ca.
5.5;
(Italian,
110-100).
Campan
Small than in top
fragment inner. Vertical, of
rim. Hard,
Fig.
many
ca.
of
on
marks Schist
and
inner
fabric?
cooking
Inclusions: many
sparkling. two Roman
with
110-50,
18, no.
p.
5.7; Diam.
intrusions
F 78,
Bats
72;
pi.
1988,
p.
49,
fig.
29.7.
Parts
of
floor
on
half
of
ing slab
but
restored.
burn darkened; a Bottom probably
surface
Entire and
interior
exterior.
wheel-trimmed.
hard, smooth, light quite Very medium Inclusions: (ca. 7.5YR 6/4). many some medium to very coarse striated rock, shiny some A few voids, few fine dull white. gray,
fabric
white
inclusions.
Context
ca.
of
b.c.
110
to a.d.
20
32.0.
of wall
rim. Outer
and
convex
slightly a feel with
like
surface
wall.
Narrow
very
fine
(P32640) Fig. 89
705
darker
F 19:3, lower fill
groove
H.
sandpaper,
4.9;
fragments
ca.
38.0.
N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H.
of
of
gold
Probably Attic.
89
gray
crystalline);
few medium
flecks
on exterior. golden (?)mica. Graffito NH as same and 701; Campanian? 699 fabric Possibly Context
one
flakes,
(P 11900) Fig. 89
704
preserved
and
mica
115-86
rock;
Context
light red fabric (ca. 2.5YR 6/8). Inclusions: abundant fine dark (with lens they appear to be angular black, dark-brown,
ca.
of
pink
translucent
150-110
est. Diam.
preserved.
Cf. 705. Probably Attic.
with
P.H.
few
sparkling,
est. Diam.
6.5;
to coarse
700 (P 10831) H12:l
floor
flat
(P32679) Fig. 89
brown
ian? ca.
of
Soft, slightly grainy, red (2.5YR 4/6).
red
regular,
same fabric as 700 and 701. Cf. Paphos III, p.
of
Trace
wheel rough. Fairly pronounced outer wall. Surface well-smoothed.
Inclusions: many fine shiny rounded surface; flecks of through wet-smoothed
50, fig. XXVIL8
Context
17.0.
fragment.
some
AgoraV, 8:20.
wheel-trimming marks surface. Wheel
on
mica.
Possibly
150-86
Slightly less than one-fourth of wall and rim, with part Floor slightly of floor. Slight darkening on underside.
(10R 5/6).
golden
rim
gray;
H.
that
some
slab but with
probably and wheel-smoothing edges outside. Wet-smoothed. Hard,
gray(?) poking
ca.
est. Diam.
4.3;
coarse
swallowtail
lead
on un preserved. Burning surface darkened. somewhat
at
fabric
fine
en(?).
surface of clamp is flush with surface of pan; parts of six clamps
some
dark,
N20:4
carefully in sinkings
placed
medium
(P32493) Fig. 89
703
Pan
38.0.
one-third
restored.
fine many mica flecks.
Inclusions:
same fabric as 699 and 700; Campanian?
Imported. Context
89, PL 72 (P 3186) Fig. 1934, p. 419, no. E 140, figs. 106,107; Agora Thompson XII, p. 228, n. 2; Rotroff 2004, p. 460, pl. 208:3. F 15:2 (Group E) 6.5;
floor. some
Single
699
H.
smooth,
Hard, gritty, light red fabric (10R 6/6), reddish brown outside (2.5YR 5/4). Inclusions: some fine shiny white
context
Bifido
6: Orlo
sponge-smoothing Medium hard, nearly
on wall.
of
P.H.
Probably Attic. Late
blackened, on floor;
Possibly
restored.
Slight traces of blackening on underside and floor. Slab towall. Hard, grainy, light red fabric bottom poorlyjoined and
Underside
missing. of
Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pi. 201:6. M 20:1, middle fill
24.5.
two-thirds
Inclusions: (2.5YR 6/6). dium translucent gray
of white;
702
M 20:1, upper fill H.
floor so. Marks
Context
ca.
of
of
marks
exterior
150-100.
698
28.5.
yellowish brown fabric (1OYR5/4), light yellowish brown on interior surface (10YR 6/4), darkened to gray toward shiny
Date:
Diam.
less
light wheel
fragment of floor.
Single
88, Pl. 71
Fig.
est.
5.2;
est.
5.1;
Nearly half of rim and wall and over half of floor pre
697 (P 33307) H14:3
and
Attic.
of ca. 250-170
Context
P.H.
CATALOGUE
150-100
701 (P 32869) Fig. 89 Rotroff 2004, p. 460, pl. 208:4. F 13:3, unknown depth
Part
lacking Wmeel
est. Diam. floor
of
in
two
of
floor
center
of on
marks
32.0.
and
about
nonjoining
outer
wall.
three
sections;
Close preserved. floor. Underside Floor
rim
of
one-third
to whole
profile, smoothed.
partially smooth.
very
wall
and
nonjoining but
Schist
cooking fabric? Hard, fairly smooth, red (2.5YR 5/6), light reddish brown on surface (2.5YR 6/4). Inclusions: many voids white
coarse
pink
(ca. 1 mm inclusions.
rock; many and
larger)
fine on
sparkling. surface,
round Many often dull with
319
LIDS 710
Cf. 703. Probably Attic. ca.
of
Context
a
with
115-86,
few
Early
(P4881)
H
Roman
6:4,
H.
pieces
Handle
706
(P 33577)
89
Fig.
J 2:1 P.H.
est. Diam.
coarse
and
Hard,
translucent
blackened.
Underside
reddish
smooth,
fairly
con
Faint
underside.
Inclusions: few medium
white;
many
very
fine
dark
to medium
sparkling.
Same fabric and shape: 709. Probably Attic.
Attic. ca.
of
Context
Context
115-75
707 (P 33089) H16:l H.
est. Diam.
4.3;
89, PL 72
Fig.
segment shallow concavity
floor.
and
rim, below
grainy fabric, thick-walled, weak red outside inside.
blackened
Inclusions:
many
bottom.
Rough exterior.
on
rim
large
some
of wall
sparkling. ca.
b.c.
20
to a.d.
and
rim
with
Form
7: Frying
708
(P 6340)
10
Pan 89, PL 72
Fig. no.
18, under
p.
AgoraV,
F 79.
Few
to rim
About
floor.
floor.
Heavy floor with
Slab
3 cm.
in outer
Cosa, nos. 9-13,
27.3.
restored.
on
some
trimming on marks ceous
Diam.
three-fourths
underside;
but
p.
fabric.
ca. Late
stantial
with
22,
Context
Hellenistic
of
ca.
with
325-200,
1, fig.
Half
fabric
fabric
Date:
ca.
stantial
of
Late
floor
restored.
Hard,
Inclusions:
to medium
fine Same
H.
side
smoothed.
(10R 5/4).
89, PL 72
27.5.
much
missing; Interior
ened.
Underside
slightly
few medium
black weak
grainy,
Hellenistic
similar,
de Sorba
(Vegas 1973, a heavier
but with
rim,
250-170
fill
inner
27.0.
rim
of
and
and of
part
wall floor
with
part
blackened,
of
floor.
with
into body of pot on floor. Slightly Wheel-smoothing
on walls
and
Under
darkening
outer
rough edge
of
floor. Schist cooking fabric? Medium hard, grainy, light red (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: many coarse pink rock and medium
with
Also
est. Diam.
3.2;
underside.
sparkling.
250-200.
at
pans
1976, p. 41, (Dyson of ca. 200). Round-bottomed, rim is a Late different treatment,
5:1).
ca.
of
penetrating
red
dark; many
Attic. 710. Probably shape: Context of ca. 325-200,
and
Italian
at Berenike.
One-sixth
est. Diam.
2.0;
to some
(P 32664) Fig. 89
712
Fig.
similar
flat-bottomed context
M 20:1, middle
H.
edge.
sub
disturbance.
709 (P 6345) E 14:1, lower fill
Rim
angular). are those
pan from San Miguel
no.
import Context
250-200.
wheel-trimming
slab Hard,
isRiley 1979, p. 253, no. D469, fig. 101, an Early Roman
Attic. Date:
Bottom at
voids.
figs. 7,8, a somewhat
Republican
polishing Mica
wet-smoothed.
probably
on
blackening careful wheel
concentric
Regular
Interior
cooking
less but
rest.
3.1;
some
and one-third
center) blackened.
Possibly Italian. Cf. Jehasse and Jehasse 1973, p. 234, no. 589, pl. 140 (Aleria [Corsica], mid-2nd century); Benoit 1961, p. 114, no. 4, pl. XVIII (Grand Congloue wreck,
E 14:1, lower fill H.
32.4.
Exterior
restored.
possibly
sparkling.
Pan,
Diam.
very grainy, red fabric (ca. 10R 5/6). Inclusions: some fine shiny white and gray/yellow, few medium black; few
Probably Attic. of
rest.
6.3;
About half of floor (including built,
Context
H.
Rest.
Hard,
rock;
260-200
Pans
Other
(10R 5/4),
pink
ca.
of
711 (P 18782) Fig. 89 M2L1
38.0. of wall,
Small
very
floor.
brown fabric (ca. 5YR 5/4).
33.0.
Small part of rim and upper wall. Inwardly thickened rim with deep groove in top. Schist cooking fabric.
Very
trimming on grooves
centric 4.1;
part of body. on marks
small
and
Concentric
depth 29.5.
est. Diam.
1.9;
89, Pl. 72
Fig.
unknown
shiny
white;
many
sparkling.
Probably Attic.
sub
disturbance.
Context
of
ca.
115-86
LIDS i: Domed
Form
Lid,
713
(P 4390) Fig. 90, PL 73 no. 95 1980, 374, (identified as a lopas AgoraXll, p. pi. lid, p. 227) F 12:3, lower fill H.
7.3; Diam.
Small
fragment
light red fabric translucent voids,
ranging inclusions.
26.7.
Context
of wall
dull tiny
Fine,
missing.
(2.5YR 6/8).
gray, fine from
Closely similar in shape and fabric: P 6393 (D 15:3). Similar but smaller: P 4425 (Diam. 18.5 cm, F 11:2, lower fill); P6946 (Diam. 18.3 cm, D-E 8-9:1);P 19444 (Diam. 21.0 cm, B 19:8). Similar but in a different fabric and with narrow grooving on top: P 31752 (Agora XXVII, p. 187, no. 148, pl. 42 [Q9-10:1, north chamber]).
white, to ca.
soft,
Inclusions: and 2 mm,
fine
few medium brown.
some
with
of
ca.
335-late
290s
smooth,
Many white
714 (P 13483b) Area R 19, found H.
4.7;
Diam.
16.0.
90, Pl. 64 Fig. in place on a Form 5 chytra (602)
CATALOGUE
320 Broken
but
encrusted.
Badly
complete.
dam
Knob
aged in production. Hard, fairly fine, light red fabric than cooking fabric. (2.5YR 6/6), more like household some
Inclusions:
translucent
medium
gray.
Context
context
No
Figs. 82, 90, PL 68
715 (P 10440) B 13:7, bottom H.
fill
ca.
of
some
90
of knob
rim missing.
red
grainy,
2:
Form
translucent
very
gray;
a few
with
later
P.H.
1.7; Diam. of knob
on
5.0; Diam.
on
marks
polish
top. Micaceous
fabric.
cooking
Similar and of the same fabric: P 6342 (E 14:1, lower fill); P 7779 (Agora XII, no. 1981, p. 374, pi. 95) and P 7780 (both from E 3:1, lower fill); P 8426 (D 11:2); P 16163 (K-L 18-20:1, west branch). Also similar in shape, but of a different fabric: P 6945 (D-E 8-9:1). of
Context
ca.
a few
with
325-260,
later
(P 28080)
Miller
1974,
p.
55,
fragments
90
and
of wall
part
on top.
pi.
A
inclusions.
few
no.
108-109,
pp.
90
22, pl.
XIV, p. 120, no. Z 13LD no.
180,
19,
figs.
and
rim
Surface
restored. but
of
some
may
flaking. be
blackening, on set concentric grooves Closely staining. fabric. Micaceous wet-smoothed. cooking patches
Context
of
ca.
Some
magnesium top. Outside
(P 18783) Fig. 90 6.2;
Interior
and
26.3. of wall
coarse
many surface
Context
of
and
small
segment
ca.
angular elongated almost vitrified. 250-170
(P 19445) Fig. 90
B19:8 H.
5.1;
polish
marks
pp.
67-68,
no.
ca. 125). suggest
an
Early
of
rim
restored.
translucent
white.
18.7. of
gray,
Diam.
24.2.
rim
and
wall
restored.
Slight
inside. Hard, slightly grainy, red fabric Inclusions: many medium shiny white
marks some
coarse
very
dull
white;
many
fine
spar
kling. Context
of
ca.
225-175
725 (P 29351) Fig. 90 P2L4 H. Ca.
Many
17.5.
3.8; Diam.
of
one-fourth
Hard,
sparkling
Context
of
ca.
rim
and
body
missing.
Clearly
slightly grainy, red fabric (10R 5/6). inclusions. Voids surrounded by pale
discolorations. rest.
before
90
Fig.
one-fourth
wheelmade.
720
1976,
20; Elgavish
225-175
2.9; Diam.
wheel
All but outer ca. 2 cm of outside darkened: from firing? on top. Schist cooking Widely spaced polishing marks fabric? Hard, slightly grainy, pale red (10R 6/4). Inclu sions:
Samos
3: Low
(2.5YR 5/6). Diam. part
Large
ca.
of
724 (P 29352) P2L.4 H.
325-275
M21:l H.
ca. 200-175);
(Knossos,
(mid-2nd century); Hamalll.2,
and
shape
Form
Lid,
About
719
voids.
irregular
date.
Context
of wall
surrounded
19.0.
Diam.
3.2;
Parts
domed
Low,
F16:8 H.
concen
shallow,
at center,
miss
knob
restored; faint,
top. Very Small hole
A pierced knob on amuch earlier lid: P 11789 (Agora 1992, XII, p. 374, no. 1979, pl. 95). Cf. also Callaghan
Hellenistic
33.
groov
fabric.
cooking
24.5. rim
darkening on marks
sparkling
90, PL 73
Fig. no.
238,
concentric
Light
by ridge that originally ran up to knob. Fairly hard, fairly smooth, reddish brown fabric (ca. 2.5YR 5/4). Many fine
p. 44,
pieces
Roman
of
half
ing. Some tric polish
5.8.
1, fig. 2, pl. 14:C (Shiqmona, 718
(100-60
of 3rd to early 2nd century, with a few Late
3.9; Diam.
P.H.
21.3.
of knob
part of wall. surface. Micaceous
and
Over
(Group A)
Small part of wall restored; fragment of rim missing. All of outside and most of interior blackened. Light con centric
context
later
300-210
723 (P 11677) Fig. M 20:4, lower fill
1980.
G 13:4, lower fill (POU) H.
a much
and
upper
Hellenistic
Polished
no.
under
ca.
Most ing
pieces
(P 2875) Fig. 90 1934, p. 325, no. A 58, fig. 8; Agora XII, Thompson 374,
fabric.
cooking
Area E 5, lot AA 26
few
717 p.
6.5.
Micaceous
from
and
of
Context Lid,
of knob floor.
(P33954) Fig. 90
722
coarse dull white,
voids.
Large irregular of ca. 225-175,
sparkling. Context
soft,
Fairly
and medium
dark
fab
cooking
400-290
and
fabric
B.C.). Context
Inclusions: many
(2.5YR 5/6). coarse
top. Micaceous
10.8.
of
Three-fourths
fabric
of knob
Edge
and old photo inside. Closely
For a flat lid with a ring knob somewhat like this, see a Paphos III, p. 146, no. 36, fig. XXVII: 1, Italian, but in
300-200
est. Diam.
3.2;
ca.
est. Diam.
1.8;
Part
different
H.
restored.
rim
on
grooves
of
P.H.
716 (P 28207) Fig. F 17:4, lower fill
and
721 (P 32656) Fig. 90 D1L2
11.9.
3.7; Diam.
Rim chipped. Schist cooking fabric. Found with and fits lopas 644. Context
concentric
spaced ric.
Early Hellenistic?
of wall
Three-fourths
now chipped but recorded in drawing graph. Small amount of blackening
225-175
LIDS Figs. 83, 90, PL 68
726 (P 18781b) M21:l H.
2.5; Diam.
fine
concentric
Slight
medium-
dull A
sparkling. See 650 for
white
few
some
same
of
lopas
coarse
striated
with
fabric
rock;
white
and
some
from
size,
H.
3.3; Diam.
Small wet-smoothed.
but
rim
restored.
Outside
fabric. cooking P 19901, from
smaller:
same
Form
with
4: Domed,
Large
Knob
M21:l H.
3.6; Diam.
Small
of wall
and
rim
shape
and
restored.
Schist
of
similar
size
from
contemporary
contexts: P 11457 (E 5:2, lower fill); P 19903 (D 17:5, lower fill); P 26272 (M 18:10); P 31708 (H-K 12-14). Context
ca.
of
one
wall.
side Out
identical
from
same
the
context:
160-130
7.3; Diam.
Figs. 85, 91, Pl. 69
27.4.
same
from lopas 150-100
ca.
see
context,
670.
cooking
fabric. Others
ca.
of
For matching of Context
24.2.
parts
Wheel-ridging
lower
Small parts of wall and rim restored; a few small pieces missing. Slight wheel-ridging on lower wall. Lopas 5 cook ing fabric: red (10R 5/6).
(P 18784) Fig. 90
728
on
733 (P 19913) Rotroff 2004, p. 459, pl. 207:5. D 17:5, upper fill
context.
H.
Lid,
on
Blackened
perhaps
of ca. 225-150?
Context
restored.
Lopas 5 cooking fabric: red (1OR 5/6).
nearly
Context
Schist
Similar
along more
Two
21.5. and
of rim rim.
P 681, P 682, also probably imports (Thompson 1934, p. 391, nos. D 74, D 75). Two more in Group E, of Attic fabric (P 3417, P 3419, Thompson 1934, p. 420, nos. E 147, E 148 [F 15:2]). Another in Lopas 5 cooking fabric: P 11683 (M-N18:l).
90
of wall
parts
22.8.
a fourth
of outside,
same
of 250-170
727 (P 19900) Fig. D 17:5, lower fill
5.8; Diam.
About
side wet-smoothed?
inclusions.
context.
Context
H.
top.
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 6/6).
and
voids,
on
marks
polish
light red fabric
grainy,
some
(P 680) Fig. 91 1934, p. 391, no. D 73, fig. 78. Thompson H16:4 (Group D)
732
16.4.
Complete.
Hard,
321
734 (P 6760) Fig. 91 F 13:3, unknown depth H.
8.7; Diam.
Half near
250-170
of rim rim
34.5. and
of wall
parts
large in another
and
inside;
patch
Blackened
missing. outside
generally
darkened. 90, PL 73
729
(P 22196) Fig. Agora XXVII, p. 204, no. 274, pi. 54. Q-R 10-11:1 H.
4.5;
Small
Diam.
24.2.
segment
of
rim
and
large
medium
restored.
Whole
surface darkened, but possibly in firing. Hard, dark reddish gray fabric (10R 4/1), with a smooth, fairly few
redder
striated.
Inclusions: patches. Surface almost fused
Another
text: P 23096
approximately
ca.
con
200-165
90, PL 73
Fig. p. 420,
1934,
no.
E
146,
105,121;
figs.
Bats
1988, p. 49, fig. 8:13. F15:2 (Group E) H.
5.7; Diam.
Small patches Context
of wall and rim restored. parts on Schist fabric. edge. cooking of ca. 150-110
translucent
white,
large piece
Form
5:
About
on
kling.
medium Many
Probably Context
6:
with
110-50,
with
Flat,
est. Diam.
1.5;
and
dull
flecks of
many
two Roman
Finger
intrusions
Marks
91, PL 73
Fig. 10.3.
one-fourth
of
to 661 (an imported
of
lid.
them
elongated,
Fairly
hard,
red
grainy,
Inclusions: many and
few
larger
small
translu
cent. Context
one
of
rim
side
of
and rim
rounded
very small very of
some
few medium
ca.
of
with
225-175,
a few
later
pieces
19.9.
grainy, reddish brown fabric some
91, PL 73
Fig.
one-third
Blackened
amber,
Hard,
Inclusions:
of shell; few sparkling, with
ca.
of
Form
H.
Conical
Diam.
and
gray
blackened.
mica.
lopas). Context
white,
5.9;
Top
dish brown fabric (ca 2.5YR 5/4).
731 (P 28208) F 17:4, lower fill H.
restored.
(2.5YR 6/8).
Found with and probably belongs
Knob Lid,
of rim
light red fabric
736 (P 28209) F 17:4, lower fill
Blackened
red.
12.2.
one-third
medium
Lid,
23.5.
dark
Figs. 84, 91, Pl. 69
Diam.
4.2;
About
golden
(P 3416)
Thompson
H.
grainy,
contemporary
few medium
gray, 150-86
ca.
of
735 (P 12088b) N20:4
to coarse
medium many in places.
(I 14:2). Perhaps Attic, but overfired.
of
Context
730
an
from
translucent
Context
of wall
parts
Somewhat soft, slightly grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6). Inclusions: some coarse grayish pink and
of wall part inside and out.
(ca. 5YR 5/3). translucent
restored. Soft,
737 (P 32641) Fig. 91 M2L1
Inclusions:
gray;
voids.
imported. ca. 225-175,
very
few
H.
and
bottom.
side. with
a few
later
pieces
2.1; Diam.
Pieces
spar
Schist
Context
of
rim
10.7. missing.
Impression fabric. cooking of ca. 250-170
Blackened of wheelhead
at one
edge or bat on
on under
top
322
738
CATALOGUE
(P 3418) Fig. 91
H.
1934, p. 421, no. E 149, fig. 105. Thompson F 15:2 (Group E) H.
2.2; Diam.
13.3.
ca.
of
to coarse
medium
Context
H.
2.7; Diam.
Over
half
Somewhat
in
irregular
P.H.
shape.
ca.
5.8;
150-110
of
edge
knob on
grooves
Other
Hard, Red Fabric with Gray Stripe on Inner Edge 740 (P 8425) Fig. 91 Dll:2 5.9; Diam. for
Many
ancient
Some
on
darkening
inside.
Inclusions: flakes
voids,
most
fine
many of mica,
flakes
some
but
small,
translucent
few
of
larger
Two drill
ca.
of
gray; well-spaced mica. Many golden Some and irregular.
300-210
H.
5.3; Diam.
About
p.
no.
rim
restored.
697, pis. 31, 62. of ca. 225-160
Context
Very
hard,
grainy/
742
Imported.
p.
Figs. 35, 91, PL 29 2037,
98.
pi.
Gll:4
3rd
with
325-200,
Late
substantial
Helle
(P 18785)
H.
9.3;
Diam.
Two-thirds
33.0. of wall
Many
rim
and
on wall.
Wheel-ridging 5/8).
91, PL 73
Fig.
Hard,
translucent
large
restored. partially red fabric (ca. 10R grainy, some coarse gray and white, missing;
dark red; few sparkling. A few large, irregular voids. A neat large, Context
A
on
incised ca.
of
the
inside.
250-170
6.2;
Diam.
25.6.
Over half of rim missing. Outside slightly darkened. Outside heavily wheel-trimmed. Hard, slightly grainy, red fabric (10R 5/6), fired gray at center of interior (except outer
for
ca.
4 rock,
pink
core. cm), gray some medium
small,
Many
Inclusions:
many very in dull white
to coarse
voids.
irregular
p.
102, fig. Context
86:1,2. largely
of
ca.
some
with
115-50,
3rd-century
material
on
Brazier Supports
Stand,
Agora
XXVII,
Q-R
10-11:1 12.3;
p.
Some ing. darkened.
frame
I.la Fig. 92, PL 74
276,
pi.
of
37.0;
max. 7.7; W.
support of field 5.5; W.
4.4.
heavy Head
ridge. Across 54.
Crisp
p. dim. of head
of p.H. (ear to ear)
16.5;
detail.
burning within
on frame
Plain,
of
rim;
perhaps
from
groove
back,
and
of cap.
by point square
reddish brown
same
surface
inner of
consisting
concave
slightly
(2.5YR 5/6), (petrographic analysis
Another
part
top EKAT AIOY, broken
Red on back 4/4)
est. Diam.
10.0; W. of
204,
no.
STANDS
One support and small segment of rim and upper wall. Top corners of panel chipped away, tip of beard miss
Moldmade
Three
Quartz Cooking Fabric Man with pointed cap: Type 746 (P 20982, AS 789)
support 4.3; W.
(ca.
century).
ca.
of
BRAZIERS AND COOKING
P.H.
fabric
Similar: P 33054 (T 27:1), found in association with a Form 4 lopas (P 33053). For the shape, cf. OlBerTV, no.
378,
brown
p. 105, Type 3, pis. XV, XVIL3
1934-1935,
M2L1
voids.
(P 6218b)
AgoraXll,
744
coarse
Fabrics
Miscellaneous
concentric
narrow, grayish
disturbance
H. of
smooth (like extremely fine sandpaper), very brittle red fabric (10R 5/6); edge of rim fired gray inside. Same fabric: 672 and 740. Similar knob: CorinthVLI.3, 131,
nistic
20.5.
one-third
smooth,
745 (P5641) Fig. 91 E 14:3 (found near top)
91
741 (P 14314) Fig. N 20:7, lower fill
of wall and part of
top. WTieel
tiny burnouts are surrounded by light buff areas. Same fabric: 672 and 741. For a similar knob, cf. Kos satz 1985, p. 184, no. 7, fig. 22 (BesikTepe). Imported. Context
two-thirds
voids.
irregular
(Minturnae,
ridging on lower wall. Very hard, fairly smooth, brittle red fabric (10R 5/6), gray core; edge of rim fired gray 0.5 mm
250
91, Pl. 73
Well-spaced,
top. Hard,
Context
mend.
ca.
deposited
30.0.
About
restored.
Cf. Lake
25.0.
Nearly half of rim and parts of wall missing. holes
350-290,
the
10YR 5/2). Inclusions: some fine translucent white and medium to coarse dull white in voids; some fine sparkling.
Lids
H.
translucent
Fig.
p.Diam.
Rim missing.
fabric.
of
ca.
of mostly
743 (P6343) E 14:1, lower fill
preserved.
Context
few medium
white,
some
Inclusions:
(2.5YR 6/6).
dull
91, PL 73
Fig.
12.0.
Schist cooking
No burn of wall restored. parts on outside. lower wall. Red gloss
gray and coarse dark red; many fine sparkling. Probably the lid of serving dish 201, although fabric is a little different.
Variant
739 (P 33285) G 14:5, lower fill
and on
marks
light red fabric
Hard,
150-110
32.6. rim
of
ing. WTieel
About a third of rim and part of wall restored. Black ened on underside. Schist cooking fabric. Context
Diam.
11.4;
One-third
edges.
inside
[Vaughan]: group
(2.5YR 2b).
or
found
mold
twin mold
in same area: P 23804 from area Q 7 in fill of the Stoa identi of Attalos (P-R 6-12) in a fabric macroscopically
BRAZIERS AND COOKING cal to group 3. Smaller, but of identical type: 747. Same inscription: 754, 758, 765, 766, 774, 779, P 17561. Context of ca. 200-165
747
(P 25895)
P.H.
12.1,
(a)
92, PL 74
Fig.
(fragment a); area L-M
Area M 17, lot O 297a (fragment b)
est. Diam.
11.3;
(b)
31.0;
of field
5.4; W.
Two
a: upper
upper body of fire bowl. Fragment corner
rim
and
fire
beard
chipped;
Details
design.
surrounded
fairly
by border with
Plain,
crisp.
zigzag
concave
slightly
to group
similar
3.
derived
probably
of
Context
than
est.
12.0;
but
746,
identical
and
(fragment
Diam.
31.0;
I.2a
of
9.2; W.
support
of
corner
of
wear
on
nose
right No
groove. The
letters A and ? flank tip of cap. Details
Plain,
crisp.
missing; tip of beard. field surrounded
in raised
panel
concave
slightly
handles,
back,
Inner
bottom
on
bottom.
Horizontal
interior.
field
square
edges.
letters
the
slightly
ca.
Two
fairly
Yellow
same
corner
and
missing
Plain,
retouched
apparently
mold:
P 10635 of same fabric (AS 792: see p. 45, n. 32) and also inscribed A ? in the same manner (F 5:1, middle fill). Even 749.
more
but the inscription, similar, closely lacking Derivative and in a different is 799. fabric
Date: of
5th
second
perhaps
to ca.
century
of 2nd
275,
quarter a few with
century. later pieces.
(P 22199a, b, AS 795)
(a) 13.0, of support 9.5; W. W. of field 3.4. Two
handle
and
6.5;
Diam.
of
cap
H.
32.0; 2.7; W.
of
in
patches
by groove concave
one
preserving
part
of wall
(b, not
of
support frame 4.2;
and
support
(a);
Corners
illustrated).
inside.
Head
square
edges.
in raised
field
surrounded
fairly crisp. Plain, Recurved
horizontal
ridge; the top
at of
irregular
in
in top, the cap. on one
(10R 5/6).
of
6.4; W.
almost
cap
2.2; W.
of
the from certainly with tip of beard and about chipped,
support, slightly
back,
square
No
in fresh
Red
edges.
(petrographic
analysis
context
cap: Type
I.2c
(P 13711) PL 75
G 5:3, lower fill
of rim and upper body of fire bowl
and ridge. Details back,
by separated somewhat
H.
11.0;
3.4; W.
cap
Support Inner side
of
of frame
support 4.4; W of
and part blackened.
surrounded
upper
slightly han
dle attached to cylindrical support just below junction with bowl. Yellowish red (5YR 5/6), with traces of very
Two more,
of Quartz
cooking
6.4; W.
support 3.6.
of field wall.
Projecting and ridge.
by groove
of
9.4; W.
back, square edges. Yellowish sections,
just
bowl.
in bottom. Head and
(2.5YR 5/6) [Vaughan]: group 2a).
752
of support chipped. No wear on beard. Slightly fire dark ened
concave
slightly
Man with pointed
Context
Fig. 92, Pl. 74
est.
6.0; W.
nonjoining
about one-fourth one
(b)
near
stand, below
is
Qll:3 P.H.
in
one-sixth of rim and upper wall of fire bowl (P 152). The other (P 151) preserves support, with edges chipped away. No wear on tip of beard. P 151 partly blackened inside. Head in raised field bordered by groove and ridge.
P.H.
749
top,
Irregularly and stand
of
hole
back,
preserves of support
break and surface
but
rim.
wall
groove
sections
nonjoining brazier. One
From
similar
is non
200-160
ish red in break (ca. 5YR 5/6), slightly darker core and surface (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 3). Nearly identical but fresher are the heads on 750, with the AG inscription, of Quartz cooking fabric and also from a context of the first half of the 2nd century. closely
One
restored.
and
between
square edges. Red of
cap
Man with pointed cap: Type 1.2b 751 (P 151, P 152, AS 794) Fig. 92, PL 75 Burr 1933, p. 189, fig. 6; $ahin 2003, p. 47, no. P?9. Area H 5 P.H. (P 151) 15.2, (P 152) 10.9; est. Diam. 32.0; p.H.
and
ridge
by
interior
by
concave
rim
of
on Plate 86 was taken before
bowl with five holes
AO,
of
illustrated)
Trapezoidal near handles
surrounded
Diam. 6.3; W.
of rim and walls of
support
supports
of support 9.5; W. support frame of field 3.4. 4.6; W.
surface
support
(not
of
broken,
beard
rest.
23.0; of
one
and
preserved
Context
Fig. 92, Pl. 74 H.
of base est. W.
9.0;
(The photograph
support,
Support and small section of rim and upper wall of fire chipped. Head darkened.
two
joining.
Plain,
a)
3.6.
Upper
bowl, the
Diam.
height preserved: most
both
scription a.d.
support 6.6; W. of cap 2.8; W. of frame 4.4; W. of field
bowl.
of
raised
from it.
1st century
Man with pointed cap: Type 748 (P 27214, AS 793) F30:l P.H.
support
Hemispherical
smaller
percent
Eighteen
29.9;
of
on Blackened restoration.) concave underside. Crease
back,
square edges. Red in break (ca. 2.5YR 5/8 to 10R 5/6, dark reddish gray on inner surface (ca. 5YR 4/2), yellow ish brown on back of support (ca. 10YR 5/4), macroscopi cally
5.
H.
Complete
missing.
of
in raised field
Head
H.
24.4;
b: Fragment of and nose, cap, support part missing; tip of beard Inner surface darkened. missing. slightly support
of
PA^-Ia
Qll:3
2.8.
of
no.
40,
edge and
corners end
of
segment
200-160
(P 7039) Fig. 92, Pis. 74, 86 1962, 131, VI:6, left; p. Sparkes pi. Acquarossall.l, p. 86, no. 63; XXVII, 206, 292, p. fig. Agora pi. 57; ?ahin 2003,
Total a small
with
(petrographic
750
3.8.
each
supports,
ca.
of
Context
p.
support
323
pale brown self-slip on outside (10YR 8/4) analysis [Vaughan]: group 2a).
(ear to ear) 3.5;W. of
(b) 9.4;W. of support 7.2;W. of head frame
of
p.H.
16-17
STANDS
Tip rim. Head Plain,
in raised
of ca.
175-150,
with
fabric
a few
pieces
Man with pointed
753 H-K
cap: Type
(P 31709) PL 75 12-14
field
concave
red (5YR 5/6). and
from
mold or a twin, but from different vessels: P12188 P 26865 (M-N 15:1 [1]). Context
worn.
of beard
slightly
of
1.3
the
same
(H 12:1);
earlier-2nd-century
324 P.H.
14.9; H.
3.45;
cap
p.W.
of support of field 6.4.
13.0; W.
of
CATALOGUE
8.0; W.
support
of
Back of panel
surrounded
rosette
applique
by frame, with hand-worked
in center.
Center
a ball
rosette
of
of
clay;
Support with small section of rim and upper wall of fire bowl; one corner of support and tip of beard chipped.
central rib of petals tooled. Very thick, slightly projecting rim, with dentils below. Below is top of triglyph, formed
Interior
of
blackened.
partly
concave
back,
square some
but with
fabric,
red in break
coarse
Wreathed
red surface white
ca.
of before
Context
Quartz Probably from the norm:
edges. variation
dull
downwardly
in raised field. Plain, slightly
(5YR 5/6),
some
quartz, mica.
rim,
Projecting
to outside. Head
thickened
and
170, with
papposilenos:
cooking
less
(2.5YR 5/6);
red
inclusions,
some
later
golden
3.3; W.
eyes)
Wreathed
757
frame
of
of
7.6; W.
support 5.5; W.
two
of
Back
ridges. with
of field
head
level
(at
of
rim,
Projecting bordered
convex
on
(three
eggs
ovolo
in Quartz
fabric,
cooking
not
though was
collection
For
rim
see
ovolo
on
decoration
same
from
is
mold,
closely similar in Rhodes
purchased
III,
The
792.
braziers
Samaria
e.g.,
shops:
and
782
of
ovolo
appears work different
various
271-272,
pp.
no.
140,
"Hellenistic"
111:3, fig. 8. context
to notebook
according
as
9.4; W.
Projecting with Head
edge.
above.
of head
level
Plain,
slightly
on
concave
rim,
traces
faint concave
context
"Hellenistic"
of
of
section
in fresh break
edges. Red
92, PL 75
3.1. eyes) of rim. Top Surface abraded.
(at
very small beard missing.
of
blackened. inner
of
top, with
support Surface ridge rounded
slightly
(2.5YR 5/6). to notebook
according
(pottery
and
provenience of frame p.W.
P.H.
12.0;
Lower
of part Blackened
missing. ed by two ridges.
outlining center
of
of
corners with support, face blackened. slightly
P.H.
edges.
inside
see
759
and
support, inside. Image
has
and lengthening left
eye
apparently
and
field
in raised
Head been
most
retouched:
of
face
surround incised
marked
by
pierced
hole.
in fresh
red
of
10.0; W.
half
second of
of
break
2nd
76, 85
8.2; W.
support
pos
century,
a.d.
1st century
Pis.
and
beard
of
of
3.6; W.
eyebrows
in raised
Head
missing.
and ridge.
see 757. For type, context Modern
EKATAIOY
For
field
incised into
likely, slightly
P.H.
12.8; W.
of
(2.5YR 5/6), see
inscription,
support
7.9; W.
surrounded
or, possibly,
positive concave
Satyr with onkos: Type III.la 759 (P 32166) Fig. Area B 22, lot NN 111
from back,
brown on
746.
92, Pl. 76 of head
(ear
to ear)
4.6; W. of field 5.95. Support and part of upper wall of fire bowl. Head in raised field. K in upper left, retrograde E in upper right. Detail crisp. Back of panel framed on three sides by raised concave
of vertical
From also
on
area
top. Rim ovolo.
on
triglyph, now missing from below support. Red (2.5YR 5/6), pink slip on surface (7.5YR 7/4). the
same
or a twin mold:
757. Early
convex
top and stamped with below, molding Square to left and dentils, gouges forming right, of top of Traces of rim below support. heavy
double-bordered
applique in break
lines
the ivy leaves above the head;
beard in raised
760. of
primarily some material
by groove
framing beard
of
frame 6.45; W. of field 5.2. Upper part of support, with edges chipped. Most of
sets
unknown 5.7.
3.6; W.
chipped, Head
Yellowish
square
red on
758 (P 15708) Area H 18
with
with
no.
273,
p.
eyebrows
of
back,
signature, Context
border,
(P 25623) PL 75
Context
1970,
(2.5YR 5/6) (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 2a). From same archetype but different mold: 758 (with signature EKATAIOY). The same type, but smaller and probably derivative, appears on 781, in Schist cooking fabric and on 780, probably of Schist fabric. For similar
A0[H]
inscription
back,
at
discarded)
756
8.1; W.
into support or, more stamped was made. which mold Plain,
(pottery
Fig.
and
Support and end
on
II.2
Type
square edges. Red in fresh break surface (7.5YR5/2).
755 (P 1462) 13 AreaH
grooves self-slip
field surrounded by groove and ridge. E to left of head, retrograde K to right of head. Details crisp. Plain, slightly
face
1971,
discarded)
P.H.
missing.
sibly with
Rahmani
60;
fig.
1984, p. 227, nos. 9-11, pi. 30 (Samaria); Martens p.
Siebert
cf.
dentils,
of support of field 5.2.
part Inner
(5YR 4/6),
in 1933 (P 28400, AS 791, Quartz cooking fabric, petro graphic analysis [Vaughan]: group 2b). For the type in Schist cooking fabric, see 779 (also signed EKATAIOY) and 778. For the inscription, see 746 and others listed there.
8.9; W. 6.5; W.
concave
raised by broad, has square Support edges. with double top, stamped vertical Broad, preserved).
is plain on back. Another
in the Agora
support
and
papposilenos:
Upper
ridge on body. Yellowish red in fresh break (5YR 5/6) (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 2b). Found nearby (Area B 19) and nearly identical and P 17561, which
pale
(P 16668,AS 790) PL 76
frame
4.4.
surrounded
support surface.
concave
very
Area B 20, lot SS 151
Support with small section of upper wall of fire bowl. End of beard missing. Blackened inside. Head with in scription EKATAIOY above, in raised field surrounded by frame
rosette
P.H. of
12.9; W.
5/6),
shallow
brown
disturbance
II. 1
Type
(2.5YR
two
with
ridges
D 401, pl. 52 (Delos). For dentils, see 772; Conze 1890, p. 122, no. 117, ill. on p. 121 (Delos); Zahn 1904, pp. 461, 464, nos. 210, 233, figs. 566, 570 (Priene).
Area B 18 P.H.
Red
(10YR7/4).
For
yellowish
vertical
broad,
outside
(P 17588,AS 787) PL 75
754
three
in surfaces.
Roman
context
760.
For
signature,
see
STANDS
BRAZIERS AND COOKING
(P 28220) Pl. 76
760
AreaN-0 P.H. head
Satyr with onkos: Type
15,lotT64
and
small
11.5; W.
of
of field
6.05. rim.
of
segment
corner
One
lowest
of per
stroke
back, square edges. A little redder than 5YR 5/6 red on outer surface (ca. 2.5YR 5/6). or
same
From
part rim.
field.
corner.
right
twin mold:
For
759.
in break, see
signature,
12-14,
P.H.
15.0;
of
trace of end left corner, K in upper a E in up of what is probably retrograde concave Detail very crisp. Plain, slightly
in raised
H-K
also
757. Late
context
Roman
Hellenistic
much
with
40.0; (ear section
and Support Corners bowl.
fire
small of
at outer
in raised
field.
with
slightly
of
ca.
before
inner
Head
edge.
back,
square
edges.
later
distur
765. some
with
170,
chipped.
rim, downwardly at
ridge concave
Red (2.5YR5/6). Same type, but different mold: Context
of beard
Projecting
edge,
Plain,
end
and
support
End of beard blackened. thickened
of H. of support 11.9; W. to ear) 6.8. 4.5; W. of field of of rim and upper wall
material,
from its fill
Area G 14 P.H.
of
of head
to ear)
(ear
of
4.2; W.
eyebrows
Support and part of wall, with top of support and end inside. Head in field of beard missing. Some blackening and
by groove
Plain,
ridge.
of
same
the
but
type
concave
slightly
back, square edges. Red in break (2.5YR 5/6), (self-slipped?) surface (ca. 7.5YR6/4).
mold:
783, 784, P 31390
(AS 781, Schist cooking fabric, petro group 1), probably all in [Vaughan]: graphic analysis Schist cooking fabric. Satyr with onkos: Type
III.2
762 (P 31950) P-R 6-12, in footing lot ZA 347
92, Pl. 76 Fig. trench of Stoa of Attalos at P 10,
P.H.
14.4;
est.
and
Support
39.0;
support of field 4.7. of rim
one-sixth
11.2; W.
of
5.7; W.
frame
about
H.
and
part
of upper
support
ca.
of before
Context
150
support
14.2;
est.
Diam.
40.0;
8.9; W. of head
H.
92, Pl. 77 of
12.8; W.
support
(at eyebrows) of
rim
of
2.8; W. of field
one
corner
chipped. No detail in lower part of beard Head
in raised
field.
and
Plain,
wall upper of support
(worn?). Beard slightly
concave
back, square edges. Red in break (2.5YR 5/6). Possibly from same mold: P 6884 (same fabric). Context
of first
or
second
quarter
of
2nd
century
(2.5YR
5/6),
P.H.
est.
12.0;
III.3c Fig. 92, PL 77
Diam.
H.
37.0;
of
of
10.8; W.
support
(ear to ear) 3.9; W. of field 5.8;
support 7.8; W. of head 4.2 x 1.6. stamp and ca. one-sixth Support of
bowl.
End
of rim
of beard
are
details
in derivative
On
wall part of upper of support slightly
inside. Head
and
face
is small:
back,
near
bottom
blurred,
mold.
and
corners
and
Slightly blackened
chipped. All
1913,
3c.
context
No
in raised field. probably of support,
angular stamp EKAT[AIOY] above two horizontal a chisel
perhaps concave
back,
a thin
and square same
from
.For another ried) also 768. For the
made rect
objects,
or
Plain, stylus. slightly on surface (2.5YR5/6)
[Vaughan]: group 2a). mold
stamp, name,
see see
in 1936
found 765. 746
For and
spike others
(uninvento or chisel,
see
listed
there.
(ear
to ear)
context
No
Satyr with onkos: Type
767
III.3d
(P 22841) PL 77
P.H.
12-14, H.
13.2;
est. W.
3.9;
rod Red
edges.
analysis
(petrographic
H-K
blackened.
no.
153,
5.7. and about Support one-eighth fire bowl. of beard and Tip
surface
repre concave
slightly
1995, p. 205, no. 10, fig. 5.1:10 (Dor); Pagenstecher p.
Another
Satyr with onkos: Type IIL3a 763 (P 24089) Fig. Area H 14, lot K 221 P.H.
on
Red
edges.
lines, possibly Plain,
tongs. outside
or chisel, see also 768. For the inscrip 766; for spike see see also under For 746. stamp, comparanda n. 26; Rahmani 1984, p. 228, Rosenthal-Heginbottom
of fire
in raised Head blackened. partly field surrounded and groove by impressed, ridge. Poorly on beard. in red Five vertical with marks finger stripes on back concave of support. wash Plain, back, slightly on outside Red surface (2.5YR 5/6). square edges. of
square
and
of probably on back, stamp
tion,
of
wall of fire bowl. Tip of beard appears to be slightly worn. surface
Rectangular
face
and
partly gray within. Probably same type as 764, but larger. A similar stamp
dim.
Diam. of
8.0; W.
support
back,
or chisel,
spike
Satyr with onkos: Type 766 (P 3244, AS 786) AreaK13
context
No
field.
side,
on
light brown
a different
from
a
senting
3.3.
Others
missing. in raised
one top and inside. Head
with
support, Blackened
III.3b,
x 1.9.
4.9
stamp
EKATAIOY above four horizontal
9.0; W.
surrounded
of
of
part
satyr
Type
Area H 5
dim.
6.7;
Small
54.
P.H.
(P 275) PL 77
765
Satyr with onkos: Type III.lb 761 (P 189) Pl. 76 Burr 1933, p. 189, fig. 6; ?ahin 2003, p. 29, no. UHek
of
Diam. of head
bance
over South Stoa II, and possibly derivative
Inner
lots MI 13-14, with 767
est.
8.5; W.
support
support and most of end of beard missing. Upper of support blackened. Thick, slightly downturned Head
of
7.9; W.
support
III.3b
(P 22842) PL 77
764
13.0; H. of support (ear to ear) 4.8; p.W.
Support
325
lots MI 13-14, with 764 of
support 6.2.
of field
11.2; W.
of head
Support and small part of upper wall of fire bowl; one corner beard. very
of support Blackened indistinct,
missing. inside. and
hair
some Possibly in raised Head probably
wear field.
retouched
on
tip Features in mold.
of
CATALOGUE
326 Plain,
concave
strongly
surface
back,
square
on
red
Light
edges.
of
back,
square
ca.
before
some
with
170,
later
6/6), 5YR4/2).
distur
Context
bance
red
Light
edges.
in break
(2.5YR
surface has a dark reddish gray patina
outside
(2.5YR6/6).
Context
concave
of
ca.
before
some
with
170,
later
(ca.
distur
bance
III.5
Satyr with onkos: Type
Bull: Type V.3
768 (P 26227) PL 78 Q18:4
c). Part of inner for ancient hole
b and
(fragments a blackened.
Drill
left
a. Massive
of fragment top, center,
edge field. At
surface
fragment near lower
or
spike
in raised
Head
support.
a horizontal
of
mend
chisel
two
and
lines in relief; raised letters of signature faint horizontal to right. Probably to be restored as [EKA] [-]TAIOY, device TAIOY. On back, raised frame with two broad in surface.
grooves is convex
to
made
top.
traces of a third. On
of
center
swag. Garland side along right
Red on outside of a
For
surface
general
of
ridges
on
a tool,
with
and
downward.
slightly gray core,
outside. see
reconstruction,
Conze
For
or
spike
see
chisel,
the
on
stamps
765
and
of
Context
2nd
century,
at
deposited
least
as
late
769
(P 1494)
H-K
Fig. of
support to ear) 7.3; est. W. section small and
Support
blurred.
Plain,
of
11.0; W. of field
rim
of
support 7.6. and
H-K
from
of
Context
of
772
(P 28401)
P.H.
support support. between sides
an inscription,
of
to ear)
(ear
92, PL 79
in 1933
from
6.7; W. support W. of field 5.2. 5.5;
at inner
ridge
ca.
170,
with
some
later
distur
9.0; W. Inner horns, by
ridge
7.5; horn span 6.5. support of bull. Head blackened. surface
of
panel rectangular two grooves, and
though nothing
surrounded possibly
with
is legible. Plain, slightly
and
edge
groove
in outer face. Head of bull in slightly raised field sur rounded by ridge. High relief, with clear details. Chin of bull
rests
on
three
Dentils
on
projecting sides by frame
strut.
Back
with
dull
white
on
brown
inclusions
are
rare,
than
usual.
The
inclusions
red in break
surface
interior
For
see
dentils,
less
fabric, but
cooking
translucent
usual,
color is also slightly unusual: reddish
surrounded support in upper surface.
of
groove
below. Possibly Quartz
than mica golden are more and there
(2.5YR 5/8),
5/4),
(2.5YR
gray
core.
(7.5YR 6/6).
756.
Type VI
of
7.5; W. of
frame
79, 85
Pis. 6.8; W.
support 5.1; W.
of field
of
surface
rosette
(with
border)
3.6.
one with part of support, blackened. Plain, slightly
edges. Red on outside
corner
missing.
concave
back,
(2.5YR 5/6),
Inner square
slightly gray
core.
Probably
square
same vessel: P 22816,
of
of
8.4; W. support of frame 5.5; W.
rim with
Projecting
Upper face partly
back,
distur
and small part of rim and upper wall of fire
Support bowl.
H.
12.2;
head
of
lot K 124, possibly disturbed
of
and
later
Fig.
in Rhodes
Bought
wall
12-14. before
12-14,
of
some
with
170,
Bull: Type V.4
5.1; W.
(P 22977) PL 79
H-K
brown on interior
yellowish
ca.
before
of
Bull: Type V.2
Above, on top
Context
8.2; W.
bance
770
slightly
773 (P 24033) Area I 14
upper
concave
slightly
edges. Red (2.5YR 5/6). Closely similar, possibly
Top
Plain,
92, Pl. 79
fire bowl; one corner of support chipped. Bull partially blackened. Nose of bull abraded. Head of bull in plain Details
are and ridge. Details by groove concave back, square Light edges.
surrounded
bance
P.H.
13.1; H. (ear
H.
clear.
red in break (2.5YR 6/6), surface (10YR5/4).
12-14
P.H.
also
field
raised not
Rosette:
Bull: Type V.I
field.
Support and part of rim preserved; upper edge of support missing, nose of bull chipped. Some blackening rim. Head of bull in inside. Thick, slightly projecting
as
140
head
9.3.
Traces of reddish yellow self-slip on outside
766. ca.
12-14
P.H.
tips
1890, p. 137, a brazier with a stand decorated with fillets a (although this brazier isprobably of different tradition). For the garland and bow, see Zahn 1904, p. 461, no. 210, fig. 566 (Priene). For ovolo, see 754 and references cited there.
H-K
stand, garland
garland
(2.5YR 5/6),
slip preserved idea of the
lighter
rim, which
away symmetrically garland, with bow. tied at upper right behind of swag, then passes
to fall over
at center
it, emerging traces
of
of
runs
Ribbon
end
with
worked
leaves
to either
from
of
Tops
rows
of
up
oriented
on stamped two massive vertical
ovules
Three
triglyph below, with
(P 1602) PL 79
771
P.H. (a) 17.5, (b) 17.7; max. p. dim (c) 5.8; W. of sup port 11.6;W. of field 8.8. Two nonjoining pieces: support and small part of of fire wall bowl, with beard of satyr and corner upper of support missing (fragment a); and part of stand
from same mold:
fabric), preserving Context of before
the
P 5542
projecting plain, ca. 150?
(Quartz cooking lug below.
Type VII Pis. 774 79, 85 (P 20980, AS 788) no. 54. 204, 275, XXVII, p. pi. Agora Q-R 10-11:1 P.H. 11.0;W. of support 7.0;W. of thunderbolt (wing to wing) 2.3; W. of frame 5.1; W. of field 3.2. Support and very small part of rim and upper wall
Thunderbolt:
of
fire
surface
bowl
preserved; blackened. slightly
thunderbolt ridges.
Above,
Inner lug missing. supporting rim. Winged Downturned
in raised field framed by two grooves and two frame
bears
the
inscription
EKATAIOY.
BRAZIERS AND COOKING curves
frame
Below,
concave
slightly
runs
and
back,
into
square
edges.
Wreathed
Plain,
lug. projecting Red in fresh
break
(2.5YR 5/6), reddish yellow on outside surface (7.5YR 6/6) (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 2a). For
the
inscription, of ca. 200-165
Context
of
Fragments
see
746.
9.5;
Small with
join
upper
the
of
part vertical
Broad, left
at bottom
coil
impressed
of
ridge of metope
at
stand,
of point two broad
ridge with a Traces of triglyph. to left. Below, pro
jecting fillet with dentils and then convex molding three
double-bordered
stamped
For
coil
ovules
in metope,
pi. 181 :a (Amorgos)
(pottery discarded)
776
(P 14320) A-O
P.H.
13.0;
Small
of
upper
of
the
lower
of
point
part
left
of
ridge
to ridge near bottom of metope fillet with dentils; convex mold
double-bordered
stamped
at
stand,
right corner, vertical with
cross-section,
of triglyph. Horizontal left. Below, projecting
ovolo
ovules
(three
preserved, with trace of a fourth and a fifth at left and right); fillet; wall of stand. Red in break (2.5YR 5/6), darker
reddish
core,
surface
gray but
translucent inclusions, only few to group similar 3. macroscopically see 775. For comparanda, context Modern
(ca. 5YR 5/2). flecks of golden
est. 12.4; to head (ear ear) W. of field 3.9. Support bowl. One end
and
Thin, on
29.0;
3.2; W.
of
of
missing.
projecting top. Head
W.
mica;
support Inner
missing, face of
of 5.0;
in raised
and
wall of fire upper the other chipped; blackened. support and
downturned surrounded
by
groove
convex and
ridge. A second ridge frames edge of support. Slightly convex back and slightly rounded edges. Light red in break (1OR 6/6). Slightly larger, but with a head of the same type made in a closely related mold, is 797; it does not seem to be of
the
same
Context
largely
of
ca.
150
to
early
1st century
For
779.
the
(at level of eyes)
3.6.
Head
top.
in field
surrounded
flares
Support two
by
ridges.
EKATAIOY above. Flat back, rounded edges. Red in fresh break and on outside (2.5YR 5/6) (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 1). Derivative from the type inQuartz cooking fabric. Like 754 (Quartz cooking fabric) in all details of the image, but 25% smaller. For inscription, see 746. Late
context
Roman
some
with
residual
Hellenistic
material
Wreathed 780
papposilenos:
1958,
n.
229,
p.
II.2
Type
93, Pis. 80, 87 Fig. 1934, p. 421, no. E 150, fig. 109; Amyx
(P3421)
Thompson
H.
rim
92,
n.
230,
p.
one
97;
under
35,
p.
AgoraV,
H.
of
lower of
and
stand
stand
Diam.
56.8;
10.0; W.
nose.
of
of base
31.5,
8.0; W.
support
of
and
Details
are
blurred, concave and
Back
rounded marks, finger or wash on back of one
other,
bottom
sharp-edged
by wide, deep it. Head in field
surround
grooving.
deep,
of un
parts and
about
satyr chipped somewhat lower
was
large,
small
the
has
probably transition from
has
are
of
part One
of bowl.
Stand
surrounded
bowl with preserved, of ca. 20.0 cm between
gap restored
Also
Smooth Bowl
fire
and
restored;
handle of wall
ridge.
no
to rim
support
sections. one
restored.
holes
of
2.8.
lacks
floor,
rest. H.
61.7;
29.8;
to wall
of
central
beard, than stand
hole
in
Three smaller groove. surrounded by groove and ends of beards have
edges. support,
irregular Traces of
with
vertical
a dark down
dribbling
glaze onto
outside of bowl. Probably Schist cooking fabric: red on surface of underside (2.5YR 5/6), darkened elsewhere, toAthenian air pollution (object from exposure probably was
stored
Same
fabric.
of field
4.1; W.
only; end of beard missing.
one-fourth
frame
also
context
frame
preserved
of rim
slightly field
of
derside,
2.6;
cap
2.5; W.
mid-height
7.5; W.
in break
brown
F12:4 P.H. 8.5;W. of support 6.1;W. of head
Rest.
support est. W. of
Reddish
Compare 754.
under
Roman
eyebrows Most
section
rim,
down
perhaps
(P4376,AS 780) PL 80
779
of
of
beard.
references
Early
inside.
corner
of beard
Diam.
small
of
no. G 123;Webster 1967, p. 52, no. AV 45. F15:2 (Group E)
Many
Schist Cooking Fabric Man with pointed cap: Type Lib 777 (P 20589) PL 80 D-E 15:1 P.H.
6.4; W.
support
Projecting,
edges.
horizontal
see
toward
92, PL 79
part
more
with
Support
to note
11.9.
p.W.
convex
ing with
260,
p.
according
Fig.
join with fire bowl. At upper double
1991,
17-23
segment
blackened.
rounded
back,
type,
1890, p. 135, bottom.
context
Roman"
book
Area
of
W.
28.0;
(2.5YR 5/4 toward interior, 5YR 5/3 toward outside). Like 754 and others of Quartz cooking fabric in all details of image, but 10% smaller, lacking in detail, and
part
preserved,
cf. Marangou
and Conze
to Late
"Classical
Diam.
of beard
Tip
with
of a fourth and fifth at left and right. On interior, part of curved wall of bowl preserved. Red (2.5YR 5/6), weak red on outside surface (2.5YR 5/2). Similar: 776 and P 5662 (both of Quartz cooking fabric).
est.
10.8;
Convex
of
in surface,
grooves
P.H.
80, 85
turned rim thickened at outer edge. Slighdy irregular sup port, with the right edge flaring. Head in field surrounded by double ridge. Details blurred. Beard nearly horizontal.
11.7.
segment fire bowl.
778 (P 24239) Area H 13
bowl.
stands
p.W.
Type II. 1 Pis.
papposilenos:
(at level of eyes) 3.1; W. of field 4.8. Support and small part of rim and upper wall of fire
AreaK15 P.H.
327
head
(P4146) PL 79
775
STANDS
from
757,
in corridor,
not
in vi trine).
type and size as 781; both probably of
the
same
type
but
larger
and
derivative in Quartz
328 For
fabric.
cooking
around
groove
central
CATALOGUE see
hole,
floor. Head
788
and 803.
Detail ca.
of
Context
H.
12.9;
Edges Some
support
surrounded
right
of
E.
of
back
Irregular
satyr's
nose
trace
of
a
signature
with
marks,
finger
tapered
II.4
Type
papposilenos:
(P23797,AS 784) PL 80 15
AreaH P.H.
of
12.6; W.
versed
convex
rim,
on
rounded
comic over
eyebrows
mouth.
smiling in three
rows
back,
Grooves
moldmade
applique arched Contorted,
in
of
ovolo,
be
might
754
and
P.H. frame
a dark
792.
Position
in a
visible
wash
In
of rim
of
33.0;
3.4; W.
of
46.2;
of
and
leaves
copying.
to rim
H.
defined of
large,
39.1;
9.2; W.
support frame 5.2; W.
Diam.
of
support 4.4. of field
93, Pis. 81, 86 1976, p. 281;
of base 8.0; W.
12.1; W.
Tip Down
of
by low ridge 9.1 cm in diameter; within letters:
Transition
[-]Y.
from
ridge
concave,
with
zone
at bottom.
Two
zones
of
some
with
punching at top, of punching
tion with bowl. Hemispherical
rough
of
of
2.9; W.
eyebrows
fill"
to notebook
according
Pis.
81,85
of eyebrows
8.7; W.
2.6; W.
of
and H.
H.
5.6; W.
56.0;
of
on
hair one
with
back,
side
either edge
does the
squared,
Cf.
also
the mold
805.
150-110
from
Mended
and
underside
about
supports, Inner bowl.
recessed
floor in field
Head
with
surface
sides
of
supports
ends
pierced surrounded
vertical
finger
(2.5YR5/6).
most
and
(only and by groove rounded marks,
by
frame
of
parts beards
of
of
on floor
Transition
blackened.
towall of stand smoothed holes
of
are
Restored
support, half of rim
of rim
30.0,
3.6; W.
eyebrows
pieces. one
stand,
two
other
back
many
of
of base
Diam.
49.4;
7.2; W.
support 4.5. of field
94, Pis. 81, 86
unknown
provenience to rim H.
of
from bottom
in
ca.
of
bottom
junc
lock
lowest
Satyr with onkos: Type III.Id 786 (P 22052) Fig. 1976, p. 281. Thompson Total
a
surface Inner blackened. missing. nar Head in raised field bordered by
beard rim.
context.
Stand is
bowl with five holes
III.lc
others rounded. Light red in break and on outside (2.5YR 6/6). Another of the same type but with less detail and on smaller support: MC 1317, also of Schist cooking fabric (AS 782, petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group 1), Late
of fire
at
this
of support suggest edges the Aegean series.
support
Concave
it, traces
above
of
The
ridge. appear.
31.0;
to wall of stand inside is angular but smoothed. slightly
of
and small part of upper wall of fire bowl.
satyr's turned
Context
of rim
31.0,
of eyebrows
from
raised
For
761. is part
783
93, Pl. 81
7.3; W.
mixed
"nondescript
Context
one and small many support fragments; on of in rim restored and of wall tips plaster. Wear parts on Brazier blackened. of supports beards. partially Tops area circular with central Concave underside tall stand. Mended
under
795.
Fig.
and square imitation of
local
Hellenistic
H.
cited and
787
(pottery discarded)
not
Satyr with onkos: Type III.lb 783 (P 17989) Fig. 1971, fig. 14; Thompson Thompson Rotroff 2004, p. 458, pi. 205. A 18:1, lower fill H.
see
of support 3.85. of field
4.9; W.
row
(petrographic
context
Total
references
12.0; W.
Support
suggest design inspired byWreathed II.2 (see 757), though not through a Type
of mechanical
process No
see
type,
underside,
field 4.3.
berries on forehead papposilenos,
2nd-century
P.H.
relief. high indicated eyes Broadly by spheres. seven locks. Hair has Beard (?) curling of snail curls over brow, with thick wreath mask
see
the
Satyr with onkos: Type 785 (P573) G 14:5, lower fill
framed
support outside.
few places. Red in fresh break (2.5YR 5/6) analysis [Vaughan]: group la). For
Schist
re
with
stamped
small
of what
Traces
above.
and
Flaring and inside
ridge On
retouched.
wreathed
top
ovolo.
double-bordered
by broad, of beard
of
also
support,
material.
Shape is a close
8.6.
support
Support with small part of rim and upper wall of fire bowl. End of beard of satyr and nose of mask missing. Downturned
but
Support and small segment of rim and upper wall; end of lug missing. Heavy, horizontally projecting rim. Head in field surrounded by groove and ridge. Square edges; slightly concave back with vertical finger marks, flush with outer edge of rim. Light red in break (2.5YR 6/8).
context
782
analysis
784 (P4191) Area C-G 13-16
edges.
very pale brown
(2.5YR 5/4),
smaller.
Wreathed
as 761,
size
(AS 781, Schist cook [Vaughan]: group 1)
inscription intrusion in the the 2nd-century deposit. ca. 150-86. Date: Context of ca. 275-200,
in
square
fabric, is of the same type but is slightly smaller on
missing. Head
same
the
and
P 31390
another
identical;
For
(784).
self-slip (10YR7/4). Same type and size as 780; same type as 757 but 20% No
in details
detail missing. fabric, ing petrographic
cooking
support.
Flaring
Possibly
in break
brown
of
marks,
finger
(2.5YR 5/6).
with much is virtually
and ridge.
by groove
vertical
with
line at left could be lowest stroke
relief; faint horizontal Reddish
8.2; W.
support of field 4.8.
and ridge. Beard nearly
by groove
to face.
angles
tip face.
chipped; on satyr's
blackening
in field
6.4; W.
of
and small part of upper wall of fire bowl.
Support of
10.0; W.
support of frame
2.9; W.
eyebrows
at
of
in break
similar
Satyr
80, 85
Pis.
surrounded
back
Flat
edges. Red
150-110
781 (P 269) Area F-G 14-15 P.H.
in field
blurred.
inside. Bowl with one
preserved). Concave
ridge.
edges.
Red
on
BRAZIERS AND COOKING Two more of the same size and fabric: P 159, P 8130 (AS 783, Schist cooking fabric, petrographic analysis latter
the
la),
group
[Vaughan]:
a context
from
ca.
of
120-90 (C 10:1). Like 787 but larger. Date: probably late 2nd or early 1st century 787
Thompson
n. 92; AgoraV, 52, no. AV 44.
1958, p. 229, ster 1967, p.
no.
35, under
p.
P.H.
G
123; Web
H.
of
W.
of
9.5; W.
support frame
of
7.2; W.
support of field 3.9.
5.2; W.
with
stand,
in raised
one-fourth
with holes, around
it) and
No of
in raised
field
details
in lower
beard,
as
Features
positive.
are
but irregular hole
Head
inside.
two others
of
parts
is a deliberate
EYI~Y, retrograde, from
Bowl
a larger central hole
of which
circle
it. Transition
within mainly stand smoothed
of
re
rim
of
of underside,
falls
to wall
bottom
ridge. in end
and center
At
interior.
letters
it. For
from
a similar
For
see
surrounded part mold
and
by groove over forehead,
was
made
Even,
of
type
same
For
see
III, p. Paphos see pithos, Hampe
Paphos, modern
or
no.
61,
at
chytra on XXVIII;
fig.
1962,
at
center
of
holes
floor
of
bowl,
it. Head
around
Slightly convex back
very blurred. rounded
marks,
finger
Upper in stand. Un preserved to used of clay that were
more
three
ridge;
Interior
missing. worn.
perhaps
in break
Red
edges.
(2.5YR 5/6), traces of light yellowish brown self-slip on outside (10YR6/4). Similar to 788 and comparanda listed there, but from slightly different mold. Clay tabs also secure stand and bowl on 795, P 8130 (C 10:1), and P 14365 (E 14:6, lower Context
ca.
of
115-86
pp.
Satyr with onkos: Type IIL3e 790 (P 26957) Pl. 81 H14:3 frame
imported
and Winter
vertical
tabs
Hole
stand
a
11.7; H.
of support of field 5.5.
6.4; W.
10.0; W.
of
7.5; W.
support
of
Support with small part of upper wall of fire bowl. inside. Tip of beard chipped. Upper part blackened downturned rim. Head in field surrounded by Sharply and
groove
Convex
ridge.
red in break
rounded
back,
edges.
Light
light brown on outside
(2.5YR 6/6),
surface
(7.5YR6/4). ca.
of
Context
97-98,
150-100
23:6.
pi.
Context
ca.
of
160-130
788 (MC 1330, AS 785) F 15:2 (Group E) P.H.
est.
18.0;
H.
28.0;
of
support of frame
2.7; W.
eyebrows
9.2; W.
of
4.8; W.
of
of
one-fourth
one broken support; stand. Interior joined end of beard. Hemispherical floor surrounded by broad
fire
bowl
Head preserved. has Panel ridge.
in raised
bowl,
bowl
with
irregular,
two other
slightly
concave
toward
brown
on
outside
[10YR5/3]
surface
support,
come
must
which
from
the
same
in or
a twin mold: P 207, P 1583, P 1808 (all from area H 13); P 11895 (N 19:1, upper fill). Also similar are 789 and P 14365 (E 14:6, lower fill). All the above comparanda are no.
106,
hole,
cooking also from
fabric. the
Agora.
see 780 and 803.
Context
of
ca.
See
150-110
also
Heisserer
For
groove
1986, around
of
of field
6.5; W.
support
4.6.
Support and tiny section of rim. Top edge of support and end of beard chipped. Small brazier with down convex
rim,
on
by groove. Rounded to rim,
out
with
top.
Head
in field
vertical
marks.
finger
probably overtired: weak red in break surface gray The very be
to
due Context
(ca. small
surrounded
edges; slightly concave back, flaring
5YR
5/2). and
size
shrunken
misfiring. Possibly b.c of 1st century
Very
hard
fabric,
reddish
(10R 5/3), look
of
the
satyr may
a waster? to ca. a.d.
40
Satyr with onkos: Type III.6 792 (P 19080) Pl. 82
(7.5YR
6/4) (petrographic analysis [Vaughan]: group la). Similar to but smaller than 786. Closely similar and
of
holes
and by groove back. in Red
toward interior, brown
light
rim,
in center
hole
and groove, field surrounded
fresh break (2.5YR5/6 outside),
to
center
from
at where away point cleanly wear on blackened. Apparent
with
Schist
6.9; W.
turned
About
shape
Satyr with onkos: Type III.4 791 (P 21750) Pl. 81 R10:l P.H.
Diam. of
7.4; W.
support
Fig. 94, Pis. 81, 87
field 3.8.
of
by
P.H.
concave
a size, but from see 783 and 795.
and
type
161,
to bowl.
stand
with
hole
rectangular visible three
are
secure
worn
from
slightly
inscription, on an
signature
of
part of of satyr
of beard
There
preserved.
of hair,
the
788.
corner
Lower
stand.
End
fill).
pierced
in the upper wall of the
though are blurred.
of
others
mold,
of
derneath
(with a ridge
back, slightly rounded edges. Red on outside (2.5YR 5/6). Support is same type as 786 but 25% smaller, derivative different
and much
in raised field. Details
by ridge, 7.5 cm in diameter;
defined
bowl.
of wall
two-thirds
Blackened
24.0;
surrounded
2.8;
eyebrows
Two nonjoining sections: lower part of stand (b); fire bowl (a), broken away cleanly at point where it joined stored.
Diam. 25.5; H. of support 9.2; W. of support of field 4.8. 2.5; W. eyebrows Fire bowl and upper Restored part of stand preserved. are two one handle, about half of of rim, supports, part
left
of
94, Pis. 81, 87
of
blackened.
H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. (a) 21.0, (b) 13.0; Diam. of base 30.6, of rim 31.0;
329
789 (P 14467) Fig. Rotroff 2000a, p. 379, pl. 201:10. M 20:1, middle fill 7.2; W.
Fig. 94, Pis. 81, 82, 86 1934, p. 392, no. D 76, figs. 79, 80; Amyx
(P 683)
STANDS
p. 66, central
AreaC-D P.H.
17-18 16.3.
Support only. Top and most Interior
missing. a large,
heavy Beard
ridges. support convex
framed molding
Yellowish
of face and tip of beard
blackened.
partly brazier. Head retouched with
with
double
stamped
red in break
Massive
in field deep on
support surrounded grooves. three sides.
ridge with double-bordered
(5YR 5/6).
from
by Back
two
Below, ovolo.
of
330
CATALOGUE
see 754 and 782. Another of the same type: Museum and inv. no. n 188, in Didelot Epigraphical Picon's fabric group C 1 (probably the same as Schist cooking fabric: Attic). For ovolo,
nose
IV. 1
Type
with
Boukranion
modeled
on
(P 7804) PL 82
793
Area K-Q P.H.
of
only.
Support
8.1.
support Corners
field
surrounded
Beard
nose
and
edges, one
at top.
Five
to clarify weak into beard, presumably grooves mold impression. Thin support, slightly concave behind, with vertical finger marks. Probably Schist cooking fab ric, though redder than usual. Red in break (10R 5/6). tooled
Inclusions:
coarse very translucent
many to coarse
medium
striated
shiny white.
fabric:
cooking see 809.
mask,
another
For
Attic).
pornoboskos
P.H.
(P 23792) PL 82
are
of
part
fronds
a smaller
it joined
away where from
on
rests
which
palmette,
a
some
sparkling,
No
mm)
is
projecting
supports
All
21.8;
Fig. 94, Pis. 82, 87
supports, of fragments
in antiquity with
mended Barely and
of
wall
of
and
underside
on
underside
IOY (retrograde). stand
rim
rim
and much
of fire
missing.
inside.
Clay
large,
Bowl
tabs
stand
and
bowl on inside. Central hole in floor of bowl surrounded by ridge and by three more holes. Red in break (2.5YR 5/6), traces of very pale brown self-slip on outside (10YR 7/3). For inscription, see 783 and 787. For clay tabs, see 789. of
Context
ca.
115-86
796
(P 5756) PL 82
Area H 15, lot K 74 P.H.
7.7.
support.
Deeply
Inclusions:
(2.5YR5/4).
dull
striated, green and white, large
white,
many
translucent
many oc dull,
cap: Type Lie
13-16
C-G 8.5; W.
of
4.0; W.
of field
3.1.
Support turned Down
and
ridge, fabric
(10YR some
In
in raised
wider
rounded
smoothed;
and
of wall
part Head
rim.
cap
2.4; W.
of
rim;
beard
missing.
of
6.2; W.
support
and
groove,
surrounded
field Concave
ridge.
frame
by
back,
thin
carefully
fine, hard, gray heavy Very coarse Inclusions: overtired. probably some translucent; very few sparkling. to notebook fill" according mixed edges.
5/1), dull,
"nondescript
(pottery discarded) Man with pointed
cap: Type L2a
(MC1331) PL 83
799
Area F 14, lot T 70 P.H.
6.5; W.
of
cap
part
of
support, on
Lower rim,
by groove
back
edge;
brown on
convex
slightly
rounded
Stand
surface
large coarse
P.H.
raised
Crease between bot secure
Small
and ridge. Details
manufacture.
careless
Very
top.
(P4192) PL 83
white, in
to
25.2.
lead clamp.
inscription
legible
letters: [?] Y[?] tom
stand
of
23.7,
two-thirds
three
bowl,
of base
Diam.
on
by groove
context
No
798
preserved
to rim
H.
outside
very
Area
795 (P 8568) E 6:2, upper fill
cap
dark stone. Similar to Schist cooking fabric, though with more varied inclusions; probably Attic. Same type as 777 (Schist cooking fabric).
context
Roman
crisp.
Man with pointed
striated.
green
on
very casional
same fabric as that of 816; Attic?
Perhaps Late
(1-2
larger
of
5.5; W
support
4.1.
convex
rim,
surrounded
but
coarse
area (broken away). Fairly thin support, well smoothed behind; convex above and flaring out to rim below. Schist Inclusions: many cooking fabric? Fine, red (2.5YR5/6). tiny
of field
and small section of rim and upper wall of Projecting
coarse,
brown
outwardly
large,
The heart of the palmette
of
33.0; W.
5.1; W.
in field
with
Palmette
blackened.
springing
pair of volutes.
spiraling perhaps
interior
95, Pl. 83
Fig.
concave behind, with rim projecting beyond support; rounded edges. Fabric red in break (10R 5/6), reddish
7.4.
part of support, broken
Upper rounded
nine
frame
bowl.
Head
Area P 15
rim.
Ears
cap: Type Lib
est. Diam.
11.1; of
2.7; W.
7.1; W.
ovals
Impressed the nose.
white.
Man with pointed 797 (P 24236) Area O-P 15
Support
P.H.
on
down
1st centuries
and
fire
Upper
of horns.
lower
Other Fabrics
Palmette
794
indents
possibly fillets hanging
Another fragment of a stand in Schist cooking fabric: P 22199c (Q11:3). For arrangement of boukranion and garlands, cf. Zahn 1904, p. 461, no. 210, fig. 566 (Priene); Conze 1890, p. 137. of 2nd Context mostly Roman, with some Hellenistic
context
Modern
round
Impressed
at base also
missing. either side.
from
hanging
side of muzzle,
battered,
boukranion
some
rock,
Another example of the same type in the Epigraphi cal Museum (inv. no. n 190) was sampled and placed in Didelot and Picon's group C 1 (probably the same as Schist
garland freehand.
pellets and
some
striated,
in
Head
darkened.
at sides,
two grooves
by
of
and much
and end of beard missing.
applique forehead
of
horns
in high relief. Tapering ridge below boukranion. Leaves of garland worked with a tool. Probably Schist cooking fabric: red on surface (10R 5/6). Inclusions: many green
14-17
9.7; W.
the
of a
Boukranion
from
Pornoboskos:
of wall of stand; decoration
most
and
run along either
context
Byzantine
Small fragment with
very
fabric
surface
(ca.
2.2.
top.
Head
and ridge. Thin
concave.
(5YR 5/4 10YR
trace
with
6/3).
Fine,
of in
rim. raised
Projecting sur field
panel with
in break), Inclusions:
pale brown many
square reddish
well-levigated
self-slip
small
and
BRAZIERS AND COOKING some very coarse dull white, few translucent white; few fine sparkling. For type, see 748-750. The head is ca. 20% smaller and Quartz
Context
are
all of which
these,
of
fabric.
cooking
some
from
derivative
ultimately
of second half of 2nd century, with
mostly
Roman
intrusion
Man with pointed
10.0; W.
I.2d
cap: Type
of
6.7; W.
2.6; W.
cap
of
4.1; W.
of
a
is attached
one
original,
Very fine
are
eye
reddish
fabric,
core.
by
pinching second
Retouched,
in field
Inclusions:
visible
in
proper
in break
brown
many
the
fine
very
place.
(5YR 4/3),
white;
fine
many
sparkling.
rim
801
in Rhodes
P.H.
est. W.
2.6;
small nose
and
support
Diam.
port
Deep concave,
of
in raised
of
4.9.
bowl
part of head
and
letters.
upper Inner
missing.
Plain,
wall. face
Corner of
rim with ridge at inner [Nl2]IAOY inscription concave
slightly
back,
square
edges. Fabric yellowish red in break (5YR 5/6), thin gray core, grayish brown on surface (ca. 10YR 5/2). Inclusions: many dark, rounded and subangular visible in break, 1 mm to
and
smaller
yellowish),
these (on surface very few dull white;
lished
finds
lot suggests Construction
Wreathed
and
the
on Rhodes restoration
the of
support
common
are
fabric
(O. Didelot, pers. of the inscription to similar Aegean
papposilenos:
among comm.). given series.
above.
P.H.
frame
of
6.6; W. support of field 4.5. 5.7; W.
of
and
outside.
surrounded thin
rays
Thick,
by groove, emanates from
project ridge, head.
Slighdy concave back flush with outer edge of rim; slightly rounded edges. Fabric reddish yellow in break (5YR 6/6), slightly gray toward surface; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) on
outside
abundant
surface. small
Inclusions: (usually
surrounded
groove,
many
sparkling.
of another found not
but hole
cf.
support
area
the
For
780 than
general same vessel.
and
788.
Wreathed
and
of
but
series,
Aegean
of
groove
Construction
and other production details different Schist cooking fabric. ca.
from
possibly
in same
from
like Attic
of
three
by
by three ridges. slightly rounded
Fabric brown support. beyond pale sometimes in break. Inclu gray some medium to dark gray angular, white;
central
Context
deeply floor of
of
6/3),
P 4193, fabric,
and
fabric
in
from braziers
150-86
papposilenos:
II.6
Type
(P 21108) PL 83
Context
and
unknown
provenience
9.3. of
beard
and
support top and
rim,
convex
on
and
small of
sides
top.
support
Thin
support,
rim.
of
segment missing. with
End
Down rim
of
turned
projecting
or
its back. Very hard, fine fabric, burned
weak many
red fine
(2.5YR 5/2), to medium
grayer dull white,
core.
toward some
me
mica(?).
10.7; W. of
inside
blackening rim. Head in field ing and Nimbus of groove.
stand
in center
dium translucent gray; few sparkling, with fleck of golden
Support with small part of rim. End of beard either chipped or abraded; top of support chipped. A little both
of
sup interior.
Two more examples of the type in the Epigraphical Museum (inv. nos. II 184, II 186) were sampled and
10.9; H. of support 3.1; W. (ear to ear)
on
wall Hole
by broad
(10YR
more
overtired, Inclusions:
802 (P 31391) PL 83 J 2:1 head
bottom.
projects
well beyond
II.3
Type
on
one
of of beard Tip blackened toward
plaster.
supports inside between
fragment
same
Part
unpub Dide
worn;
mold:
P.H.
the type, the form of beard and
Probably Rhodian: moustache,
reddish brown appear few tiny sparkling.
in
restored
fine many translucent
804
of
28.4,
7.0.
in field surrounded support, deeply concave behind,
support
sup
of base
of
support support of one one-fourth of rim, half of support, of wall of stand and fire bowl miss fragments
Rim edges. on surface
the
Diam.
23.5;
holes. Head
around of rim
port blackened. Thick, projecting edge. Head in raised field with above
11.7; W.
support
Fig. 95, Pis. 83, 87
10.0; W.
irregular surrounded
more Thin
to rim
H.
of
slightly crease
same H.
II.5
Type
part
Small 32.0;
115-75
28.5;
H.
Partly
coarse
in 1933
of field
and
Support of
est.
12.6;
H.
31.4;
(P 28402) PL 83
Bought cap
1.4
cap: Type
the instance, (for common on Delos and type at Athens, limited numbers Naxos, ca. 100-88 datable Knossos, (O. Dide
papposilenos:
Upper and base,
sions:
Man with pointed
decoration
as a
803 (P 5464) F 13:3, upper fill (dump)
ing.
by two
surrounded
a with making point, in two beads in positive, to nose; traces of the close
resulting too
is misplaced,
wide-open
made
handle, forefinger. in mold
retouched Eyes for each, hole
of which
gray
and
for head
mold
generation
vertical
thick, thumb
between
grooves. a small
comm.). of ca.
Total
Upper edge of inner face chipped. Part of one edge removed for sampling. Mold with curved back, to which
and
Thera,
Wreathed
frame
and
form,
2),
background) in more
represented
field 3.1.
clay
G
group nimbus
lot, pers. Context
Didelot 1998, p. 282, n. 24, p. 298. From Egypt (gift of L. Benaki) H.
and gray, few dull red; many very fine sparkling, few large flecks of golden mica. Well characterized by fabric (Didelot and Picon's
Chios,
(P 26396,AS 796) PL 83
800
331
STANDS
under
surface 1 mm),
peppered angular,
with white
in Didelot
placed
and
Picon's
group
C 2, which
is prob
ably Attic.
Satyr with onkos: Type III.lc 805 Pl. 83 (P 26397, AS 797) Le Roy 1961, p. 499, fig. 29; Fraser 1972, vol. 2, p. 288; Didelot 1998, p. 282, n. 24, pp. 298-300. Found at Canopus, in Egypt, by L. Benaki; gift of L. Benaki H.
9.8; W.
6.5; W.
of
frame
5.3; W.
of field
3.8.
Upper right corner of mold missing. Mold plain, on back. Head curved in field framed by two slightly
CATALOGUE
332 Hair
grooves.
in mold
retouched
linear,
very
fine
with
point. Fine fabric, red in break (2.5YR 4/6), weak red core (1OR 4/2). Inclusions: few long, thin white; many fine
Closely similar in type and size, but with detail missing: 785. Satyr with onkos: Type
P.H.
cation
H.
9.9;
of
of
9.5; W.
support
support
7.0; W.
of
beard
of
3.2.
blurred.
brown
some
white,
lucent
white
All
other
wash. on
visible
and
and
part
Fabric
edges.
(5YR 6/4);
surface covered few
few
surface,
of
examples
by ridge. Details
Inclusions:
some
amber;
of
rounded
somewhat
in break
light reddish brown dark
corner
in field surrounded back,
Irregular
thin,
one
with
only,
Support
with
no.
fine
this
satyr
in Schist cooking fabric (786-789). on 807. Possibly Attic.
very
are
Similar wash appears
III. 7
of
p.W.
of
7.7; W.
support
frame
bearded
from
same
the
core;
thin,
mold,
to back
applied
dark
and
dull
angular some fine
"late
of
brown
some
Inclusions:
wash.
white,
shiny
coarse
very
Cf.
filling"
mask
Context of
sibly
trace
and
dis
(pottery
apparently Thick manufacture.
example
of
rim.
Thick,
of
up
three
with
Type
(5YR 5/4).
white; of
flecks
larger
silver
concave
many amber.
same
at
ca.
was
type
ridges. back.
Poor
160
large
sampled
the
and
cm),
two
and
Fabric
in
pos pieces an st early-1
of field
raised
field
A
raised
ridges.
3.2.
surrounded frame
runs
lacks and
golden relate
decoration
Conze
Cf.
akin
Possibly
visible
1890,
yellow,
large dull
to Quartz
cooking
to the Aegean piece nos. 868-875 (Attica,
the
133,
p.
core,
mica.
Tarentum,
Halikarnassos,
Inclusions: to
gray many smaller
5/6),
(2.5YR
gray surface. translucent gray
mostly
Form series.
in break
red
dark
few sparkling.
Delos,
est. W.
4.8;
rose
Rhodian
very
Palermo).
context
No
to
as 2 mm:
Stands (P 14724)
95, Pl. 84
Fig.
AreaA-B21
Epigraphi and classed
P.H.
same fabric as
10.6;
Small join has
broken narrow
plique or bunch (one
est. Diam.
segment fire bowl.
with
applique, area
frame
of
but
top,
IV.2
a few
in dump
found
8-11,
fabric,
Fabric
p. 270, no. 270, pl. 141).
only, with upper part and end of projecting
edges.
812
I. Possibly
(P 1418) PL 84 10.8.
thick
kantha
of Athenian
handles
(AgoraXXlX,
white;
rim.
horizontal
as
II 221)
Area H 11, in disturbed p. dim.
(ear
(2.5YR 4/4); dull, dark purple
gray, and of the
of before
of head
by ridge. Beard poorly pre
support
no.
(inv.
Pornoboskos:
8.6; W.
support
and Picon's Group
Context
Max.
Inclu
translucent
and
some
and
back.
Irregular
the edge of the support. Slightly concave back,
square
inclusions,
white,
cal Museum
of
made
Abundant
Another
809
rock
on
est. W.
11.0;
smoothed,
in break
reddish brown
in Didelot 812.
beard.
rose: Type VIII
lug missing. two grooves by
III.8
surrounded
served,
gray translucent
over
arched,
ca. 170, with before mostly of second 2nd century quarter handle amphora
Support
to notebook
according
10.5; W.
in field
wash.
small,
Below,
grooves.
(P2070) PL 84
811
(1-3
support 4.7.
Support
Head
forehead,
schistlike
appliques
Rhodian
sparkling.
10-11:3 of
high
part black
Above,
support.
incised
triangular
sparkling,
tiny
Area H-K
schistlike
(P 22485) PL 84
H.
1988, p. 90),
Upper
with
with
mouth;
coarse
few
P.H.
Satyr with onkos: Type
to ear)
mask
open
around
Q-R
793.
4.5.
support
small
Very
decorated
satyr
century
support,
carded)
808
(see Rotroff
of
p.W.
out.
and
roi, e.g., P 28523 Probably Attic.
Similar wash on 806. Possibly Attic. In
see
mask,
pornoboskos
under
264,
p.
hanging eyebrows. Deep-set eyes with thin upper lid and pupil indicated by indented point. Broad, flattened nose.
of
5.5; W.
but partly chipped away. Thick support, flat behind, with slightly rounded edges. Fabric yellowish red in break (5YR
rock;
of
mica.
8.9;
gray
1995,
only, with edge chipped.
abundant
Support only. Corners chipped, beard and tip of nose missing. Head in field surrounded by ridge. Central part lion of hair obscured by applique lion head. Another
5/6), coarse
see Webster
type, another
8.8;
support
inside
sions:
field 4.8.
head,
most
core,
gray
Fine fabric, reddish brown on surface
AreaK12 P.H.
of
flaring panel
(P3458) PL 84
807
H.
Smiling,
Satyr with onkos: Type
4/4),
context
ened
context
No
For
3:a.
Support
trans
sparkling. at the type Agora
(10R
Satyr mask 810 (P 23084) Pl. 84 Area I 14, lots K 144-146 with 817, 823 and 824
coarse
very coarse
the mask
of
3XV No
satyrmissing. Head
dull
III.Id
16
eyebrows
in break
red
surface dark gray (1OYR4/1). Inclusions: abundant long, thin, pinkish white; few flecks of golden mica. Cf. Conze 1890, p. 130, no. 819 (Athens). For identifi
(P227) PL 83
AreaH
weak
fabric,
sparkling.
806
Part of support, with all but a tiny section of left edge missing, beard chipped. Thick support, well smoothed behind and concave toward bottom. Hard, highly fired
in
tooled
away frieze
bordered right-hand of berries, petal
36.0.
from
upper Interior
at of
point triglyphs
of
part surface
of
stand, shows
join. original and metopes
at
of
point
where
bowl
Outside,
at
in freehand
above and below by two ridges. Ap a small rosette is metope perhaps a rosette in left metope probably and a convex dentils Below, remains).
BRAZIERS AND COOKING
molding further
with
stamped traces of
two
ovolo,
and
below,
ridges
another
probably
frieze. Fabric red in break (2.5YR 5/8), with dark reddish brown surface inside and out (5YR 3/2). Inclusions: very coarse
translucent fabric
cooking
to
Similar
yellow.
visible
Quartz
Area D-E
Context
816
narrow
of
wall
upper to
attachment
panel.
edge of
200-150
broad
nostrils.
light red
coarse
many white.
translucent
Smooth, some
rock,
slightly
on surface.
(2.5YR 6/6)
striated
coarse
very
For
on eyes,
similar
on
masks
see
stands,
of other p. 307. Masks types, as here, are common ornaments
at
inner
1905, pp. 380-381, figs. 5, 9, 10 (Delos); Le 493-497 1961, (Delos); Siebert 1970, pp. 273 pp. Roy 274, nos. D 406-D 408, pi. 52 (Delos, first third of 1st no.
120,
p.
647,
26,
pis.
61).
(P 19570) PL 84
29.3; W.
of
broken
cleanly
rim
blackened.
rim,
convex
10.0.
support
with
panel
from
away
Partly
restored.
on
Hemispherical top and with
reversed
Incised,
edge. rim. Oval
Upper wide
plain
at
ridge ovolo
double-bordered
deep,
stand
of part with bowl
projecting
lug.
Ir
regularly flat behind. Rim projects well beyond back of support. Schist cooking fabric? Gritty, red (2.5YR 5/6).
Conze
with typically on stands:
Diam.
preserved; attachment.
of
and support turned down
on
rest.
19.0;
bowl
point
coarse
striated
rock;
many
fine
Perhaps
same fabric as that of 794; Attic?
Context
of
ca.
P.H.
est. Diam.
11.2;
sparkling.
200-160
817 (P 33302) Fig. Area 114, lot K 145 (see Rotroff 823, and 824
see Mayence
CorinthVII.3, century); context No
95, Pl. 87
Fig.
support and about half of rim and upper wall
Inclusions:
1890, p. 134; Riley 1979, pp. 310-311, nos. D710, D711, (Berenike, of local fabric) and additional pi. XXXIX references
H.
of fire
of a stand, and
Cf. 814. Probably applique decoration Attic.
(P 22200)
One
bridge,
Inclusions:
814
around
groove
ca.
of
Rest.
19
curved back. Fabric
pierced
and
Q1L3
P.H. 6.6. 6.1; p.W. half of mask, surface much battered. with Upper Comic mask. arched furrowed fore Highly eyebrows, is mass of hair at above which head, receding temples. entire thickness of wall. Flat nose Eyes pierced through
possibly
rim
of
panel with square edges. Flaring,
Slightly irregular, nearly flat back, flush with flange below rim. Schist cooking fabric.
(P 14802) PL 84
with
lug with
projecting
mica.
golden
context
Roman
813
no
one-sixth
(b). Tapering
same fabric as 808. Not Attic.
Possibly Early
dull
amber, but
333
about
chipped;
lug
fire bowl
and metope
triglyph
STANDS
95, Pl. 88 1988, p. 90), with 810,
30.0.
one Some wall, with upper support. on of Handmade lug and panel. lug it. Schist above fabric. panel cooking ca. 170, with a few Context before pos mostly pieces of second of st and an 2nd quarter sibly century early-1 handle century amphora Part
of
rim
and
on
top
blackening lunate with
C20:2 P.H.
6.8.
Broken
all
around.
Lower
of
comic
with
mask,
part flat nose,
mouth lower part and broad, trumpet, pierced of Lower of back it flat, from where eyes. pierced part was as decoration to wall of stand, of vent. Coarse applied
reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6), on
outside.
Inclusions:
few medium
shell,
seemingly wet-smoothed to very
medium red.
Large,
coarse
dull
gray
voids.
irregular
Cf. 813. Probably from Berenike. Cf. Riley 1979, no. XXXIX D710, fig. 116, pi. p. 310, (Berenike, local no. under 23 (OA 3548), III, 77, p. production); Paphos pi. XVIII:9 (of shell-tempered fabric); Hayes and Harlaut 3, pi. p. 115, no. context from of
2002, fabric,
2 first
(Alexandria, of half
other
brazier shell-tempered a handmade, with (P 34502), from the context Berenike; a fill
ca.
deposited
fragment oval panel,
may
is
Context ca.
largely
of ca. 200-150,
with
dating
with
Handmade
Plain,
Inclusions: coarse
Two
(a) 12.5, (b) of 5.5. panel nonjoining
and wall of fire bowl
red
coarse
(2.5YR 6/8).
shiny
white,
very
200-150
Pl.
88
K-Q14-17 of
H.
to very
Low semi lug. to out flaring edge
rock.
(P 7885)
Area
fabric? Light
medium
ca.
of
and
11.0; p.W. of support trace of upper wall. Tip
support and
Support
rim.
Slightly projecting ular, handmade a broad
lug, with
depression. flush back,
Irregular
some
surface, few
very
Plain,
oval
concavity of
lug blackened. with plain, irreg bordered tip. Base
support taper of rim. Hard, fine,
Edges with
panel at
6.5. of
edge
point. reddish
Inclusions: dull white, burnt out
as
small
to
as 1 or 2 mm, very large dark brown; few sparkling.
small
white
Possibly Attic.
815 (P 33927) R9:5 P.H.
irregular
many schistlike
Context
and
Supports
behind
of rim. Schist cooking
on
8.6; W.
panel,
handmade
Broad,
yellow fabric (5YR 6/6).
150-50
Brazier
rim.
downcurved
thin,
by
a few pieces
11.5.
circular
Agora also be
comes from the lower fill of G 5:3 (P 34970).
95, Pl. 88
Fig.
Support and part of rim and upper wall. Tip of lug bowl with broken, edge of rim chipped. Hemispherical
An
(K 7:1, early from another
surprisingly of the stand
Part
190).
century). from the
P.H.
819
shell-tempered 2nd
818 (P 33928) R9:5
95, PL 88
Fig.
In "late
fill"
to notebook
according
(pottery
ed) 5.5;
est.
Diam.
29.0;
H.
of
support
820 sections:
(a), with
support
and
top of panel
part
of
rim
and tip of
(P 304) PL 88
Area F 17 P.H.
of
support
9.5;
p.W.
of
support
6.4.
discard
334
CATALOGUE
Support and traces of rim; edges of panel and tip of lug chipped. Tip of lug blackened. Flaring panel with
sibly
raised
century
undecorated.
field,
lug.
back
Irregular
ric, reddish yellow sions: and
finger
on outside
(5YR 6/6) black.
surface.
some
and
striated
many green dark red and
handmade tapering marks. fine fab Hard,
Plain,
with
from
Voids
Inclu white
medium
on
burnouts
context
full
821 (P 33712) Area E 14, lot T 64 P.H.
8.1; W.
of
95, PL 88
Fig. 7.0.
support
transverse
of
Tab
clay.
incisions.
Square-edged,
of
rim
below
clay
supports
strongly convex back. Hard, fine, Inclusions:
6/6).
tapering
to inner wall of bowl by horizontal
lug, attached
panel.
few
gray,
transparent
Roman
822 (P 21621) H-I 12:1 P.H.
8.6; W.
Panel
and
a low,
with
Horizontal Trace
of panel
sharp finger a narrow
of
part
ridge marks
wall. on
Handmade
both
either
side
front of
cm wide)
2.5
(ca.
lug
destruction
Herulian
5.7.
(at base) of upper at center on
lug. Fragment another lug
and
panel back.
on
back.
ridge below
some
with
debris,
7.9;
grooves 5 cm below
ca.
and
section
top broken
and
panel.
residual
Hel
5/3), very coarse very translucent very
tapering,
clusions:
medium
many
shiny
gray
surface
In
(5YR 6/6).
and white,
coarse
few
dull white. Context of
sibly century
ca.
before
mostly second quarter
of
2nd
170, with century
a few
P.H.
8.6;
Small segment wall
with
Two
wheel-run
Tapering
in break partially medium
and
pieces an early-1
st
but
has
is
thickened
edge preserved, on exterior wall, well grooves vertical grainy edge. Hard, lug above
lug and
Inclusions:
left
side
coarse
many some
white,
yellowish dark. Few
dull
of
have
may
Cf.
to
medium some
voids,
elongated
a.d. The 1st century the brazier like something
the
early
been
Robinson away). in the 1st century Siebert 1970, p.
also
that
reports no.
268,
this is not
but
a.d.,
D
272,
wall,
sparkling.
of
fragments
lower
combed
at left, near
wavy vent hole
wall
(a)
rim
and
lines near
combed
(b). Eight horizontal Six
of wall.
96, Pl. 89
Fig.
on
as decoration
lines
cm
(1.3
in diameter).
Hard, gritty light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with dark surface (ca. 5YR few large Context
Inclusions:
4/2). dull
very
many
some
white; of ca. 150-100,
sparkling. some with
coarse
shiny
gray,
Classical
827 96, PL 89 (P 33332) Fig. Area B 22, lot NN 218, with 78, in layer 4 associated with Fido's Grave (B 22:2)
them.
rim. red
est. Diam.
7.2;
of segment below rim,
Small
ca.
interior.
fabric,
150-100
nonjoining
smeared
to
below
ca.
of
bottom
lug. End of
(2.5YR 5/6) with lighter surface (10YR 7/2), Inclusions: many (10YR5/2). (fire?) darkened many
dull
snapped common
fairly later.
Two
grooves Three
of wall and rim, with one
gray;
surface.
a context
with one support
1988, p. 90), with 810,
30.0.
vertical
shiny
a second
b preserves
angular gray and
form
P.H.
Area 114, lot K 145 (see Rotroff 817, and 823 est. Diam.
projecting
to
a, vertical edge of right side of
826 (P 33345) D10:3 P.H. (a) 7.8, (b) 5.1.
(P33304) Fig. 96
824
spur
Complex
overhanging to exterior.
pos
handle
amphora
part
boot-shaped
diagonal
on
gray
from
12044,
Two
lug.
Wall
by pierced in lug, rectangular at on rim. set at Projection angle red in break fabric, (2.5YR gritty
reddish yellow on exterior
5/8),
one
with
wall.
rim. Handmade
away. Hard,
of
part
large.
825
96, PL 89 1988, p. 90), with 810,
rim,
exterior
a
Fragment
complete
23.0.
on
c
rim,
proper of P 14122 (AgoraV, pp. 34-35, under no. G 123, pl. 38), though without the broad plate that is part of the shape there (it is also possible that a plate was joined to
Stand
of wall
segment
wheel-run hole
est. Diam.
a
it, on fragment
Context
Small
of
part
preserves one and
pl. 50 (Delos, first third of 1st century).
823 (P 33303) Fig. Area 114, lot K 145 (see Rotroff 817, and 824 P.H.
a wall,
(b)
of opening. Fragment c is the third lug, a single lug with a flaring end, which was probably placed opposite the reddish brown fabric Hard, (5YR very grainy, opening.
type found
Cooking
p. dim.
stand, Low, design. cylindrical on one than at top, and open underneath. Part of one Open
surface.
inside,
Just below
P
material
Horseshoe
lug and
at bottom
at rim:
attached the
max.
22.0;
through wall at about half-height.
hole pierced lug ward
96, Pl. 89
Fragment rim and
of
segment
b preserves different
of
at top
sections.
rim,
pos pieces an st early-1
and
Another: P 6759 (F 13:3, unknown depth). A later example, somewhat different in form but similar in fabric:
fabric.
Schist cooking lenistic
95, PL 88
Fig.
small
to
height
opening.
Irregular,
light red fabric (2.5YR
medium
many
flanges
coarse dark and dull white. Context of late 2nd and early 1st century, with a little Late
est. Diam.
13.5;
larger slightly side. Flat resting
Most of support (tip of lug missing) with trace of wall and rim. Trapezoidal panel, the top edge decorated with parallel
to rim
H.
a few
Fig.
8.9, (c) 4.5. Three nonjoining
Possibly Attic. No
of
825 (P 19911) D 17:5, upper fill
sur
face.
ca. 170, with before mostly second of 2nd quarter century handle amphora
Context
Hole cm
ca.
1.6
below
rim
26.0.
and
upper at
another as
strokes
curved
6.0
of rim
wall.
point decoration
cm
in diameter
rim.
Hard,
Two of
incised
below. between
through
pierced slightly
wheel-run
break
grainy,
wall
yellowish
red fabric (2.5YR 5/6) with slightly darker core (ca. 5YR 4/3), dark reddish gray on surface (10R 3/1). Inclu sions:
many
very
coarse
ca.
150-100
ated. Context
of
shiny
white
and
shiny
foli
BRAZIERS AND COOKING Other
and
Braziers
Cooking
Stands
one
handle,
served;
floor
of bowl
on
by slight of bowl ably
and
96, PL 89
at center,
the
others
in wall of bowl. Fairly fine, core.
gray and white, small,
of vent
6.6.
of fire
Some
bowl pre very slight fire vent surrounded
some
medium
few medium
dark;
many
(2.5YR 6/6),
translucent
829
ca.
fine
Many
sparkling.
no.
204,
p.
96, PL 89
277,
55.
pi.
10-11:1
Q-R Est.
Diam.
of fire
bowl
25.0;
max.
p. dim.
(a) 8.8,
(b)
8.5, (c) 10.3. Three
nonjoining
of rim and wall
small
preserve
fragments
segment
(c) and two supports with part of rim (a,
to four Three burned. shallow heavily near bottom c on outside of fragment grooves preserved be unintentional. Plain short with may supporting lugs, a with from rim. ends, Hard, spur rising up widely flaring Inner
b).
kling. Cf.
fabric
and
white
coarse
translucent
and
very
gray and dull white,
coarse
no.
p. 229, incurved
EphesosXlll'.V.l, bowl with
ing-ware
Inclusions: many
(7.5YR 5/2).
medium dark
shiny
century. Context
957,
pi.
rim with
8.3;
est. Diam.
yellowish
few spar
dark
medium
of
ca.
5.4;
through
rim. Hard,
thick,
gritty,
white
core. Inclu and
segment floor marks
of
to gray
perches as a pot
serving
foot
a wash.
with
covered
possibly
abraded.
Fabric
Inclusions:
the bronze
Context
of
b.c
1st century
apparatus
heating
of
handle
restored.
and
white;
a.d.
96, Pl. 89
Fig. rest.
of
Diam.
rim
18.3.
trace
A
blackening inner wall.
on
medium many to medium
fine
many
of
on underside Fine
red
fab
translucent sparkling.
Many
voids.
elongated Context
ca.
of
225-180
(P 18789)
H.
to 1st century
22.7;
body
1978, no.
of rim, parts of body, about half of floor and
Most one
Diam.
16.6;
red many
found at Stabiae (Ward-Perkins and Claridge 159). Possibly Attic.
Diam.
10.6;
96, Pl. 89
Fig. of
foot
est. Diam.
11.9;
rim
of
31.2.
Foot and less than half of wall and rim preserved; restored. incised
ably upside red fabric white fine
and
Inside
blackened. at
into wall down:
ca.
Large before
half-height
CA[-].
Hard,
Inclusions: (5YR 5/6). and rock, gray shiny
sparkling. Context of
leg,
rim with
part
underside
of one
support.
inward. wall.
yellow
toward
its tail
on
is dark,
very
letters
1.3
(H.
firing,
prob
gritty, yellowish coarse translucent
many some medium
dark;
many
250-170
Base
inside.
Hard,
Fine slightly
(ca. 5YR 6/6) Inclusions:
wheel grainy,
on outside, many
coarse
and
one
20.0. of
one-third
circumference,
supported
pot. Leg on wheel,
is round but
red gritty, Inclusions:
fabric
gray; many Context
fine of
in
section.
(10R 5/6), medium
sparkling, ca. 290-250
Ring on trimmed gray
on
angular flecks or
later
of one
part
gray.
completely
A
lugs to support a
by legs and with
irregularly
some
upper
Surface
lug preserved.
clay ring
96, Pl. 89
Fig.
est. Diam.
6.0;
About
43.0.
inside
rim
the
On
opening.
835 (P 25302) F 12:3, upper fill 96
on
separated
sparkling.
toward interior. Part of hole pierced from
The up in the wall
the bird. Incised running
outward,
facing
where surface (2.5YR 5/6) coarse rock. very pink on Cf. the bird supports
few
gray,
rim.
on two foot). (only preserved right on the back, bird: the green just below over a white also on the back, undercoat.
each
Surface
P.H.
thick fabric, reddish darkened
of
Taper from rim,
300-265
Fig.
above
wall,
bird,
of paint and red
neck,
cm)
translucent
est. Diam.
of lug projecting smoothing
3.0
upper
on
claws
partly
lug preserved. toward interior
horizontal
wide,
of two edge openings cm below the rim. Openings
support. The bird is supported behind by a heavy, ir regular lump of clay. Bird has thick legs with three huge
96, PL 89
one
abundant
foliated;
831 (P 32638) E14:3 Small
ca.
wall;
by mass of clay that supports
it,
831.
Context
P.H.
Vertical horizontal
straight,
gray
below
96, PL 89
to tail).
(neck
Wheel marks (none inside). ric Inclusions: (2.5YR 5/6).
a cook
70. For
grooves
red fabric (5YR 5/6) with browner
abundant
Cf.
12.6
encrustation.
H.
23.0
of rim and segment extends ing lug asymmetrically flush with top approximately
coarse
p. dim.
per,
fine
yellow, few
Fig.
p. dim.
3rd-century
Fig.
M2L1
Small
sions:
Max.
200-165
830 (P 32659) R13:9 Max.
some
with
115-50,
(P 15731)
834 ca.
of
ca.
833 (P 19102) N 20:6, lower fill (POU)
but no lugs, see Corinth XVIII. 1, p. 100, no. 153, fig. 24, pi. 17, from a context of the late 4th and first half of the 3rd
from 3rd-century
AreaL11-12
surface
gritty, brown dull
832
Traces
Fig.
XXVII,
deposit. of largely
on spiral a dovelike
325-275
(P 20981)
Agora
spar
of
preserved
gray
voids.
of
many
Part of rim, with support; head of bird missing. Much
Fragments of similar braziers: another from F 16:8 (P 32649); uninventoried fragment in lot EE 24 (N 21:4, lower fill). Context
white;
kling. Cf. 830. Possibly Attic, and perhaps
in floor
preserved
light red fabric
Inclusions:
irregular
translucent
material
around, prob ranged smaller holes, preserved
two more,
five);
originally
floor
Rectangular of four holes
Parts
edge.
(one
coarse
component Context
17.0; H.
of part restored.
partly of bowl.
floor
raised
few
gray,
of stand, with part of original resting
About one-fourth surface,
darkening
at bottom
est. Diam.
16.0;
335
striated
828 (P 28083) Fig. Miller 1974, p. 238, no. 59, pi. 33. F16:8 P.H.
STANDS
at
least lower
surface translucent
of mica.
partly inside. and
made Hard, at core.
white
and
336
OTHER
CATALOGUE
COOKING
Steamer
EQUIPMENT slightly grainy, red fabric
Hard, coarse
836 (P 16292) Fig. N 21:4, lower fill P.H. holes
Diam.
16.3;
97
of
rim
of
24.1,
body
Diam.
20.4;
of
Small section of rim and much of body restored; much of underside missing; stand broken away. A little on
blackening
trace
No
outside.
chytra with holes
bottom,
attached
to
outer
wall;
on
marks
Schist cooking
handles
preserved.
(nine preserved) stand.
made
separately bottom
in
pierced Some
wheel
partially
Context
to rim
H.
P.H.
Diam.
27.2;
of
97, Pl. 90
base
of
16.3,
of
19.7,
body
13.5. Small
bottom on
marks
Wheel
of wall
parts
Rounded Surface
appears
stacking
circle
restored.
Underside
of pot pierced entire
inside
wall.
of
on
ca.
in places;
possibly
red
a few
earlier
pieces
not
Rim
present;
to upper
join
something of steamer.
of
ca.
Max.
and
body
Spout
97, Pl. 90
unknown
provenience 7.8. of wall.
with
element,
Rounded
shoulder
with
at
decoration
piecrust
Inclusions: (2.5YR 6/6). to medium few fine dark;
Barrel
spout of
point
some
medium
fleck
of golden
gray and mica.
white,
of
at bottom
p.Diam.
One
large
40.0,
at top
28.0;
of
p.H.
rim,
over
half
of
lower
1.5
much
cm
max.
section
p.
Mold?
dim.
12.4,
(a)
(a), preserving
underside;
of
is not done
six-petal
5.1,
(b)
(c)
preserved
surface
also
preserved.
turns
to wall, up a relief pat a tool. Center:
marked
with
and
with working cabled Outside ridge.
by stamping rosette within square
darkened.
groove to within
Bottom
edge. Floor
(b, c). Heavily
fragments
upper
in with
filled
zone,
of
one-fourth
nearly
an
this uneven
broad,
two bands of decoration this, applied a a rinceau not and running spiral, uneven of floor. Two broad, grooves of floor. fill in space of stamp and between edge edge weak red fabric? Micaceous Hard, cooking grainy/gritty, area. at least blackened few Inclusions: 5/2) (ca. 2.5YR a
with
stamp: large with concentric edge
translucent
with
relief
fine
abundant
white;
as frying pan
sparkling.
(708-710). see
decoration,
3rd century. probably Late Hellenistic substantial
Fragment:
Relief
rim,
Some darkening irregular missing. inside. vertical inside. scratches Upper Many irregular at base of wall of arched left corner preserved. opening wall wheel-trimmed. Wheelmade; upper part of outside and
Baking
20.0;
on
blackened
843 upper
a.d.
century
For another
843. of
Context
ca.
325-200,
disturbance.
97, Pl. 90
Fig.
(vent) 8.5.
Three-fourths
to 5th
3rd
Shape perhaps
(P 8427)
opening
of
Est.
fragment Date:
est. Diam.
flecks
few
sparkling,
(P5797) PL 90
coarse
Stove?
29.8;
many
floor, and two small nonjoining
as 838.
D1L2 H.
dark;
Fragment:
842
with
840
part neck
Thin
Cf. Bruneau 1970b, p. 258, no. D 209, pi. 48 (Delos, first third of 1st century).
approximately Outside grooves.
join. Lower body of steamer? Hard, gritty, light red fabric
Shape probably
few medium
shiny white, of mica.
which
with trefoil rim. Upper body flares out, originally attached to a round
blackening
back
rim.
lip
ca.
115-90
Fig.
p. dim. and part
on
Flat bottom marked with spiral polishing
(P 21798)
Context
with
preserved,
a trefoil the mouth, Apparently a with of clay covered spout Pouring squared. piece which five holes have been Hard, pierced. through grainy, some red fabric medium Inclusions: 2.5YR (ca. 5/6). flaring
tern
839
missing. out at bottom.
little
3.7.
as 839.
Shape probably
2.6.
of mouth
part A
97, PL 90
Fig.
E 14:1, lower fill
sparkling. Context
rim
and
Relief
97, PL 90
Hard, very grainy, medium thick, pinkish gray fabric Inclusions: few medium white and pink; (7.5YR 6/2). few
Strainer
of neck
Diam.
4.3;
Context
Fig.
away,
fabric.
cooking
with
listed there.
with
150-110,
7.1. p. dim. and part of wall.
Spout is broken
Slate
underside.
838 (P9331) M18:2 Max.
17 small holes.
to be slightly vitrified
For fabric, see 588 and others Context
blackened.
with
300-210
Mouth
Neck
Fig.
ca.
of
Trefoil
of
rim
very
50).
250-210
837 (P 28449) P 20:2
translucent
841 (P 18320) Area H 13, lot K 91
wheel-trimmed.
fabric. ca.
of
Context
of
Inclusions:
(10R 5/6).
gray and white; shiny pink, a fine surface, very sparkling, giving sparkling on is trimmed. wall upper especially body, where Cf. Tenosl, of ca. 106 (context p. 223, no. Eb 16, pi.
many
0.8.
Lidded
medium
(P 17745) PL 90
AreaD
of wall
Lid?
Max.
Single
17 p. dim.
4.5.
fragment
broken
all around. A little burning
concave Very slightly edge. On meander marks. wheel top, at
underneath, pattern
between
with
fine ridges.
OTHER
fabric
6/6). (2.5YR and gray; many Curvature suggests
Inclusions:
white
But
cf. 842,
also
a meander
a
20-21, an (from
a
be
sparkling. Context of
(P 14177) Fig. 97
Max.
p. dim.
20.8;
of wall
away. Fragment the lower quadrant
be
thrown degrees
comes
from
what
foot
ring
added.
slightly grainy, red fabric and
darkened
completely medium translucent
a similar see
76-84.
Context
of
with
in household
shape ca.
Metal-Imitation
Small
Same
but
pi.
without
Scalloped fabric,
wheel red
of
marks on
shouldering attached
fabric
an
and
gray and cf.
handle,
XLI,
coarse
many
and
on one
preserved
to rim,
vertically
Early
striated
white; as 847,
shape
1979,
Riley Roman
a
of quarter Context
situla
with
gray
many from
schistlike
rock,
sparkling. same context.
332-333, pp. otherwise
no.
D813, in
different
.
1st century a.d.) of ca. 115-86
847 (P 32663) M 20:1, middle 97, Pl. 90
Fig.
6.2;
Small
est. Diam.
rim
16.5. and
upper
plate with inside.
surface
Very (2.5YR
rim. Wheelmade. wall,
with
most
relief handle hard,
smooth
5/6),
gray
loop below. to
core.
of handle.
thin grainy, Inclusions:
(2.5YR coarse Same
Medium
fabric of
and ca.
wall
handle with
exterior 5/6), schistlike rock;
Context
23.5.
of upper
segment
97, PL 90
Fig. fill
Single horizontal
handle
wall
upper
shape. For interlinked handles in a pot of different shape, see Sackett 1992, p. 213, no. 31, pi. 158 (Knossos, third
coarse
Handle
est. Diam.
part
rim, with
it, a handle
translucent
P.H.
5.2;
horizontal
Inclusions:
For
surface. and
part of han handle arrange Complicated in section but round handle,
and
250-225
845 (P 32643) M2L1 P.H.
of
Above
5/6). some
(10R 5/6),
gray
ware,
45
Possibly
below
gray
many schistlike rock.
shiny For
other wheel turned
97, PL 90
Fig. fill
a coil of clay threaded through it. Dark slip inside and outside. Medium hard, fairly smooth, red fabric (2.5YR
ismostly
would
of a round-bottomed, wheelmade bowl was an oval
and
side,
an askos. Hard, mostly Inclusions:
The
pot.
cooking to the
side.
0.45-0.80.
traces of foot, which
Part of lower wall with broken
Base
ridged, joining Th.
Handle
7.9.
ment.
O 20:3, II (POU)
Fine
Thick
of rim segment Wheelmade. preserved.
dle
Pot
with
Pot
Small
844
few
gray;
250-170
846 (P 32665) M 20:1, middle
context).
Askos?
foot,
ca.
and
white
with
P.H.
wise
translucent
angular
lid.
context
Roman
coarse
very
Open 4, also
pl.
Hellenistic
Early
a
of
tray. 46,
few
of mica.
fragment
337
EQUIPMENT
fine
translucent
flakes
baking no. Gr
IV, pp.
border
coarse
many and
sparkling this may
apparently
Cf. Kenchreai
Late
slightly grainy, light red
cooking fabric? Hard,
Micaceous
COOKING
hard, surface
many
shape 115-86
and
rim, with
shouldering fairly darker.
sparkling. as 846, from
one
red
smooth, Inclusions:
same
handle.
attached fabric many
context.
at
PART IV DEPOSIT SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
following The
list includes
for a catalogued
dum
text or footnotes. The
The heading
been
a catalogued
in which
every deposit has
vessel
SUMMARIES
as a few
as well
found,
of each entry includes
vessel or a comparan are mentioned
that
the following
in the
information:
in the excavation the deposit is usually the loca system. This a a a and indicated letter followed colon number, grid, by by to same and a number, between different within the distinguish grid square: deposits in square A 16. If a location numbered falls on the line be e.g., A 16:4, the fourth deposit a tween two letter or number is used: 15:1. sequence e.g., D-E grid squares, hyphenated official
In some
tion
cases,
exceptional number
additional
of each
In some
of
designation the 20-meter
tion within
are omitted: ismarked
deposit
the notation
cases,
examined
and
when
its contents
a
(ds) appears, tallied as part
The
cistern, type of deposit (e.g., well, to in the applied deposit publication
An
of which
indication
The
estimated
significant
a
fill within
possibility give are
to
depth
since
only,
generally
is under
deposit
of
the upper Drawshafts
for access
designed about tunnels intrusions.
If no
parts are
to the water
cisterns
linking
stratigraphy
of the physical
have
been
have
with
mention
of
situation of the deposit, where extent
and
of
since
the
within
the
cut roughly
away
later
by
cylindrical, I have capacity.
storage such structures
it can be
0.80
range a narrow, well-like
from
been
generally than for
and wells, is described,
was
and
deposit
the
and a brief sketch of the stratigraphy. For wells
always at bottom
out
that may
and loca
pottery
in the deposit,
the objects
is almost
flaring
fill. The
discussion.
the nature
envision
I give dimensions
bottle-shaped,
rather
reader
the diameter
(often depth at the bottom.
preserved diameter
the
help
for disturbance,
the colon
grid squares, Stoa building
fill), along with any nickname or in the excavation archives.
range of date of the majority or later intrusions. earlier
In order
several
the Middle
that the uninventoried indicating of the Deposit Sample.
The text of each entry gives a brief description relevant.
covers
large deposit 12-14, e.g., H-K on 98. Figure
I give and
neck.
included
I
Cisterns
construction) well-like cistern
provide that there
assumed
to 1.00 m.
the the
shafts, information
a
possible was a single,
avenue
for
dumped
fill. Significant numbers of whole pots, and particularly jugs for drawing water, are taken as an indication that a fill accumulated (POU). during a period of use; such fills are marked Description
of the contents
relevant
for
are
of
the only transport amphoras usually to make In order the nature of this evidence
coins clearly
and be
handles
amphora long anterior
found
to the date
and
follows.
chronology
independently as clear as
the date
of deposit.
of
Coins
the
handles stamped in the deposits. the number of legible
material
datable
possible, the latest
and
I
give
example,
even
when
this may
DEPOSIT
342 The
transport of Virginia Grace
and
amphoras and her
records
SUMMARIES to them
relevant
have
been
under
care
constant
the
successors are since the of the excavations. These records inception to extract is and it the relevant from information them. Most of very well kept, easy relatively come on notes the dates given below from Virginia either from conversations with Grace, my or from her records, access to which I have kindly been her, from her publications, given by
Carolyn Koehler. For Rhodian amphoras of periods I-IV (i.e., before 146), I give both the high chronology developed by Virginia Grace (dates marked VG)1 and the low chronology (dates marked GF).2 The two generally differ by recently proposed by Gerald Finkielsztejn a in the Introduction about decade. As explained (pp. 7-8), I have adopted Finkielsztejn's in
dates
to Grace's
preference
ones
earlier
as evidence
for
the
of
closing
the deposits
pre
sented here. Comparison with the deposit summaries in Agora XXII and Agora XXIX will show that this results in a downward shift of five to 20 years in the terminal dates of many to deposits laid down between ca. 240 and 160. For Knidian handles I give both assignments as well
periods and KT
as current
(Knidian of reassignments the higher dating
dating numbers,
Type) and redatings of Debidour as useful
are
as
names also give eponym and fabricant periods.31 so that can be revised to take account in the future dating I of eponyms For Thasian and fabricants. handles, give both and the lower one of Avram.4 of
those
in
of this type.5 Attic dating dumped deposits even when many coins have been environment soil is not recovered, a rare more to to be It than survive and also it is for few cleaning legible. quite frequently In addition, than the amphora handles. earlier the latest coins are significantly that happens occur are to use, and in because coins difficult the coin records (probably extraordinarily Coins
rarely an ideal
handles amphora for bronze, and
such large numbers) were organized quite differently objects. Up until the late 1960s, coins were numbered they
from
emerged
has
cumbersome
but
system sections. Earlier
still within
above
is now
notebook
K-1654.
labeled
account;
in a final
in the
prospect
now
the deposit
days during which
have
other
while
coins,
in this have
however,
are
of objects
types
coins are frequently
checking
the pages
in question was being
are
coins
replaced, renumbered been numbers,
coin,
numbered system, not been
in the
inserted
were
coins
where
sequentially, so the coin cited
together
Thus one must first
omitted.
excavated. One
10, 1961).
brought
generally
this
followed
then,
in section K on August
so that
new
These
for
individual
(the fifth coin found
from a deposit,
notebooks
of an
identification
been
finds
furthermore,
list of all objects
full
#5
Section K, VIII/10/61,
pattern: This
The
the earth.
than the inventory of other types of section by section and day by day as
on
entered
then moves
the
to the coins
were in envelopes; these envelopes stored this study was underway, when themselves, which, name in ques of the coin were and the new name the old both where the only place usually on were when the coins were the envelopes written Identifications tion were found together. cases reference a numismatist. In most is also a bibliographical there first examined (for by a to can reference into be translated to then which Svoronos Athenian coins, 1923-1926),
the varieties opportunity times Kroll on
marked
for has the
of preservation excavation confirm
error
correct
It has
of these coins makes
or correct
the
in such
to
accustomed
the written
it virtually
dealing At identifications.
the coins from many identifications.
Even
see Grace 1. For Grace's 1974; Grace chronology, see 2. For Finkielsztejn's chronology, Finkielsztejn 3. As per Grace 1985, p. 31.
become
error,
with
worn
severely
the request
since
of Roger
1985. 2001.
these
lists are
and
always
the very
state
coins,
to
1970,
a
and made do
not
see Debidour Debidour's chronology, see Histria VIII. 1. chronology, comment. 1997a for further 5. See Rotroff
4. For Avram's
been
trained
in about
deposits, and
some
poor
corroded
Edwards
incomplete
that
but a highly
for anyone
impossible
not
have
corrections of
to me
clear
(but far from all) Hellenistic though
there is abundant
in Agora XXVI. Obviously
a
operation. complex but such earlier corrected identifications, source coin possible envelopes?another
numismatist,
Kroll reexamined list of
and dated by John Kroll
defined
always
1986;
for
DEPOSIT
follow the most
recent understanding
SUMMARIES
of deposit
access to the numismatic in providing see for varieties 78-85, p. 8. ful
343
recent
For Kroll's
type. For suggestions about Lamps are identified by Howland some lamp dates, see Appendix III of AgoraXXlX, pp. 493-516.
DEPOSIT 16:4A
Cistern
Lower
ca. 5.40 m; Diam. at bottom Depth Greek and Roman fill above.
immensely use
they have been
stratigraphy,
evidence.
revision
to the dates
the revision downward
of
SUMMARIES
fill
to at least 140, century, with a large Early Roman component
2nd
ca. 3.90 m. Cistern with blind
tunnel. Hellenistic
fill in lowest 2 m; mixed
Many amphoras, including 20 stamped handles, with a close group of 14 Knidian handles and fragmen (KT 167), Eukrates tary jars dating in period IV, some near its end, so shortly before 146: eponyms Aristokles I (KT 900), Kleumbrotos II (KT 130). No coins. Little other (KT 1000), Euphragoras (KT 119), Menippos and two moldmade bowls date before ca. 150, but there are pottery preserved. Fragments of two unguentaria a at of five western least of fragments pieces sigillata, including sigillata fragment of around the turn of the era as well as a basket-handled a with (P 25802b), waterjug ridged handle and a fragment of a Form 6 amphora. a fill with two main components: one of the 2nd Apparently century, the other of the later 1st century to early 1st
a.d.
century
to 28, 32.
Comparandum Agora XXXII, no.
forthcoming;
and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou
Grace
1970, p. 381; Grace
1985, p. 48, under
14.
A 17:3
Pit
Ca. 310-250, with one intrusive Late Hellenistic fragment
Large pit 2.05 m in diameter, dug to a depth of 4.20 m. Latest of four coins a slightly worn issue of Demetrios struck 300-295 Poliorketes, (1111-1002, Agora XXVI, no. 504f). Two one datable: Thasian neck and handle naming Aristo handles, stamped amphora only closely (Debidour)/316-295 (SS 14096, cf. EtThasW, p. 144, no. 406). Closing (HistriaVILLI) phanes I, ca. 335-325 date based on fine pottery and Type 42 B lamp (L 5275). One small fragment of long-petal bowl is intrusive. Much of pottery has been burned. to 102, 249. Comparanda AgoraXIl,
p. 383; XXVI,
p. 301; XXIX,
18:1 Cistern A
p. 434; Rotroff
Lower Upper
Depth
3.80
m,
Diam.
at bottom
2.85
m.
2004, pp. 447-448.
Mostly ca. 275-200, with some 2nd-century material Early 1st century a.d., with some residual Hellenistic
fill fill
Hellenistic
1983, p. 262; Lawall
fill
in
lowest
0.50
m
separated
from
Early
Roman
upper
fill by thin layer of sterile dug bedrock. Lower fill. Two coins of last quarter of 3rd century (NN-1650, NN-1651, Agora XXVI, varieties 69, [72-74]). Six stamped amphora handles, the latest two Rhodian ca. between 240 and 223 (VG)/ca. 210 and dating ca. 209-208 Later material includes: (GF) (SS 9917, SS 9918, eponym Xenophantos I; fabricant Menekrates). West Slope amphora of mid-2nd no. 437); Knidian (P 17979, Agora XXIX, pp. 289-290, century amphora handle of period V, 146-108 (SS 9916, eponym Philombrotidas [KT 1278]), possibly from same jar as a stamp of the same Knidian Type in the upper fill; moldmade bowl of second half of 2nd century (P 20050, Agora XXII, no. p. 88, no. 375); plate of late 2nd or early 1st century (P 17983, cf. AgoraXXlX, 314, 696). p. to 297. 186, 214, 783; comparandum Upper fill. Ten Knidian stamped amphora handles from perhaps eight jars, the latest dating in period V, 146-108 (SS 9903, SS 9910, eponyms Kallidamas [KT 902], Philombrotidas [KT 1278]), suggesting a consid erable Hellenistic content. Only firmly identifiable coin dates ca. 15-10 (NN-1636, Agora XXVI, variety 158). (with ESB, Italian sigillata). Pottery and lamps largely Early Roman 264. Agora IV, p. 234; VII, p. 224; XXII,
p. 96; XXV, p. 163; XXIX,
p. 434.
344 A-B
SUMMARIES to 86
4th century
Fill in Great Drain
19-20:1
DEPOSIT
issue is Agora XXVI, variety 99, ca. 130-90 Over 150 coins: latest Athenian (NN-1063, NN-1350a, b). Latest is Knidian of end of period VI B, shortly before 88 (SS 10170, eponym Andromenes of 134 amphora handles later 1st century debris. Two intrusive coins, one perhaps [KT 650]). Probably Sullan destruction (NN-1149, one Gallienus identification and of worn, 149, XXVI, uncertain) (NN-1716). very variety Agora AgoraX, pp. 67, 135; XII, p. 384; XXII, p. 96; XXVI, pp. 302-303; 1976, pp. 15-19; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 188-189. pp. 262-263; Kleiner Lower
Cistern B13:l
Upper
XXIX,
p. 434; XXX,
p. 359; Young
1951a,
fill Ca. 300-190 fill
Claudian
an opening to at bottom 3.77 m. Connected by tunnel to drawshaft B 13:3 and by Depth 5.80 m; Diameter m in and above. Two lower another drawshaft 2.30 fills, (B 12:2). dumped of late 3rd century to ca. 190 (VG)/ca. the latest Rhodian Lower fill. Three stamped amphora handles, No coins. Small amount of pottery, with single fabricant Damokrates 199-172/170 I). (GF) (SS 6523, legible of moldmade bowl. fragment 527. on Early Roman pottery and lamps. Upper fill. No coins or stamped amphora handles. Dating based AgoraV, p. 124; VII, p. 224; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXVI, p. 303; XXIX, p. 435; XXXII, forthcoming. B 13:3
Ca.
Drawshaft
260-190
ca. 0.90 m. Connected by tunnel to B 13:1. Dug to 5.47 m; Diam. 198 (GF) (SS 6428, eponym Dorkyli of ca. 210 (VG)/ca. Latest of two stamped amphora handles Rhodian no. bowls of coin (n0-697, Agora XXVI, das). Single 455g). Surprisingly, no moldmade Myrina, 386-276/261 retained or reported, but the amount of pottery is very small. 335. p. 435.
Agora XXIX,
B13:7
Well
Ca.
fill
Bottom
300-200 Second fill
Ca. 125 to 1st century
22.70 m deep. Bottom fill in lowest 1.20 m, below 0.50 m of sterile earth. Second fill above this, at depth of 19.00-21.00 m. Roman and Turkish fills above. the latest on three nearly complete Rhodian jars of ca. 224 and Bottom fill. Five stamped amphora handles, No coins. No mold ca. 222 (VG)/ca. 209-205 SS 7581, SS 7583, eponyms Mytion, Aristonidas). (GF) (SS 7582, near a the end of the 3rd date of the revision made bowls. Finkielsztejn's closing requires amphora chronology century,
the
despite
bowls.
of moldmade
absence
14, 23, 30, 597, 644, 715. Second fill. Two stamped amphora handles and one nearly complete stamped jar are residual from early 2nd on 56 A B and of 37 Date No coins. based (L 3037, L 3036, Agora IV, p. 204, no. 798), ESA Types century. lamps lid. Oliver Mottled bowl and of P 11231), fragments (P 11230, long-petal 516. Grace 1956b, p. 143, under no. 98 ("well Agora IV, p. 234; VII, p. 224; XXIX, p. 435; XXXII, forthcoming; 302-303 and Grace 294, 1970, pp. (under nos. E 1 and E 5), 381. Sawatianou-Petropoulakou deposit"); Lower
Well B 13:8
fill
(POU)
(ds)
Ca. 325-260
fill above. 22.70 m deep. Use fill in lowest 2.50 m, with another Hellenistic datable material. is a use fill. No independently Several water jugs suggest lower deposit Closing date sug of Hellenistic drinking cups. gested by fragments to 6, 45. 5, 45, 308, 340, 655; comparanda Pollitt 1979, p. 215 (deposit Agora IV, p. 234; X, p. 136; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXIX, p. 436; XXX, p. 359; III). Bottom B 14:2 Well 20.70
m
deep.
Comparandum Agora XXXII,
Use
fill
in
to 165. forthcoming.
lowest
1.20
m,
fill
4th-century
Late
(POU) a.d.
dump
above.
1st to late 2nd century
a.d.
DEPOSIT B 14:6
SUMMARIES
345 Ca.
Drawshaft
300-140
Depth 5.20 m; Diam. 0.81 m. Single fill in a drawshaft joined by tunnels to two other chambers, which were filled in the Roman period. coins struck by Antigonos Latest of three identifiable 277-239 Gonatas, (110-772). Later of two stamped or early in period V, close to or slightly after middle in IV of 2nd century late handles dates amphora period [KT 316]). No long-petal bowls. (SS 7419, Knidian eponym Amoteles B 15:4 Well 3rd to early 4th century a.d. 11.50 m deep. Comparandum Agora XXXII,
Fill in lowest ca. 2.00 m, to 376.
sealed
in by sterile
fill above.
forthcoming. Lower
Well B 18:7
fill (POU)
Ca. 350-325
8.10 m deep. Late Classical fill in lowest 1.50 m, dumped Hellenistic fill above. Large number of whole pots and water jugs identify deposit as use fill. No independently to 2. 296; comparandum Agora TV, p. 235; XII, p. 385; XXI, B 18:12
p. 96; XXIX,
Well Lower
fill
p. 437. (POU)
2nd century
6.90 m deep. Probable use fill in lowest 1.30 m. Dumped fill above. of complete pots suggests lower deposit is use fill. No independently
Presence Dumped
fill
above,
which
seems
to be
about
datable material.
seven
contained
contemporary,
datable stamped
objects
in lower fill. in
handles,
amphora
the latest is a handle and part of rim in term of Amyntas, dating cluding five Knidian of period IV; probably late in period IV B or early in period V, near middle of 2nd century (SS 10088 [KT 893]). Later of two securely identified coins dates to late 3rd or early 2nd century (NN-1805, Agora XXVI, variety 595). Type 37 B lamp
(L4272). 80, 133. p. 437; Grace 1956b, p. 153, under no. 123 (among "groups which seem to date around AgoraXXlX, Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 305 (under no. E 13), 326 (under no. E 61), 381. B 18:13 Cistern
150");
Lower fill Ca. 250-190
excavated as single fill; division between upper and Depth 3.05 m; Diam. at bottom 2.50-2.70 m. Contents lower Hellenistic fills recognized Material later defined as lower fill comes from lowest 0.15 m. upon study. runs ca. at fill to least 150. later, Upper Latest of five stamped amphora handles is Rhodian of ca. 210-199 198-187 (VG)/ca. (GF) (SS 9901, fabri cant Aristion). coin 46 XXVI, (NN-1634), (ca. 322/317-307). Single legible probably Agora variety to 413. 418, 501; comparandum p. 437; Young 1951a, pp. 207, 225-226, fig. 11 (plan; cistern near east wall of room 12). AgoraXXlX, B 19:6
Ca.
Pyre
Ritual pyre deposit in shallow pit in room 5 of House No independently datable material.
C (plan: Young
290-270
1951a, p. 204, fig. 11, above).
17.
AgoraIV,
p. 235; XII, p. 385; XXIX,
B 19:8 Pit at west No
p. 438; Young
1951b, pp.
122-123,
pis. 49:b, 52:a
Pit side of room 5 of House
(pyre 7).
Ca. C (plan: Young
400-290
1951a, p. 204, fig. 11, above).
datable material. to 713.
independently 720; comparandum p. 385; XXIX, AgoraXIl,
p. 438; Corbett B 20:1 WellLower
1949, p. 342, under fill
(POU)
no.
140 ("mixed deposit"). Ca.
17.60 m deep. Accumulative Roman use fill in lowest 6.70 m of well; Byzantine to 374 comes from the lowest meter and a half of the fill.
a.d. upper fill. The
50-150 comparandum
346 to 374. Comparandum AgoraV, p. 124; VII, p. 224; XXI, B20:2 Drawshaft
DEPOSIT
p. 96; Young Lower
SUMMARIES
1951a, p. 269; Lang
fill
1955, p. 283, under
Ca.
(ds)
no. 5.
with Classical 225-165, intrusions and Late Hellenistic
m. Connected to cistern B 21:1, which was filled in Roman times. Depth 4.30 m; Diam. at bottom 1.58-1.75 fill above. fill with small Late Hellenistic Lower dumped of ca. 188-186 latest are Rhodian Seventeen 174-172 (GF) (SS 9383, (VG)/ca. stamped amphora handles: two IV and SS Knidian of 188-167 Kleukrates [KT 234 + A, 9378, 9375, (SS I) eponyms Hagnon eponym period I [KT 1306]). Modest amount of fine ware, including fragments 1296, neck and arch of handles], Apollonidas of 11 moldmade bowls and one mold. Some residual Classical material (P 17031, AgoraXll, p. 245, no. 130) a possible nos. L and later intrusions: two Late Hellenistic 4090, 4091, IV, 217,220, 863,885), (L pp. lamps Agora an unguentarium a 6 No coins. of of and bowl, (P 17034). Category perhaps fragment long-petal 44, 117, 135, 209, 269, 298, 346, 488, 581. p. 385; XXI, p. 96; XXII, p. 96; XXIX, AgoraXll, 1951b, p. 70; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou Lower
B20:7 Altar Well
p. 438; Young 1951a, pp. 263, 266 ("earlier cistern"); Young 1970, pp. 325 (under no. E 53), 381.
fill (POU)
Ca. 325-275, fill
Upper 9.35 m deep. Use fill in lowest 0.85 m, with dumped Hellenistic 6.00 m). (uppermost Lower fill. Water jugs identify deposit as use fill. No independently antine
middle
intrusion with Byzantine Ca. 325-200
(at 6.00-8.50
datable material.
m)
and upper
Intrusive piece
fills
of a Byz
jar.
13, 18, 35. of ca. 217 (VG)/ca. 211 or slightly the latest Rhodian Upper fill. Six stamped amphora handles, of coin 322/317-307 (NN-1491, Agora XXVI, variety 46). (SS 9663, eponym Xenostratos). Single Rotroff 1987a, p. 185. 1959; Agora XXII, p. 97; XXIX, p. 438; Thompson B 21:24
Well Construction
fill
later
(GF)
Ca. 140-115
tiles of well, fill consists of packing of Knidian amphoras behind to 9.00 m. Construction Well excavated which was dug through blind passage of cistern B 21:25. Cf. C 9:7. near end of period Thirteen (e.g., SS 9569, including some stamps, mostly Knidian of period V (146-108), + No coins. 923 SS 9744, eponyms Dion II [KT 426], Timasikrates [KT 1462]). 12, 682. 1970, pp. 317-318, n. 2, 329-330 AgoraXll, p. 385; XXIX, pp. 438-439; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou nos. E E 381. E 71, 76, 78), (under B 21:25
Cistern
Ca. 150-100,
cistern with blind tunnel. recorded. Collapsed No measurements the latest Knidian of period V, 146-108 Three stamped amphora handles, (NN-1263, Agora XXVI, variety 99). Intrusive [KT 321]). Coin of ca. 130-90 century
with Roman
disturbance
I (SS 9512, eponym Euphranor as late as 2nd Roman material
a.d.
524. Agora XXIX, B 22:2
p. 439. Fido's Grave
Ca.
150-100
the bones of a dog and overlying an unguentarium (507): possibly the burial Storage bin (172) containing to period V, dated the best two Knidian amphora handles, of a pet. Found within a fill containing belonging as to identified be 146-108 [KT 1114]). Two coins. The latest probably Agora XXVI, (SS 9590, fabricant Xanthos E: to in that ca. 185-170/168 similar ESA, gray bowls, struck long-petal 85, (NN-1457). Group Pottery variety ware, lagynos fragment, no semiglazed plates or bowls. Young 1951a, p. 268. 172, 507.
C 9:7 Cistern
Construction
and well
347
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
fill
Ca. 150-100
a preexisting cistern, which was filled with amphoras Depth 4.86 m; Diam. not recorded. Well dug through as a B of the tiles well behind the (cf. 21:24). packing Over 50 stamped amphoras, mostly Knidian of period V, 146-108, but three dating in the years of two ep a terminus post quern of ca. 105 (SS 6599, SS 6604, SS 6610, Sosiphron onyms of early period VI A, providing + [KT 437]). No legible coins. [KT 95 1555], Hipparchos to 189, 275. 288; comparanda no. 3;Will 1956, p. 238, fig. 83; Grace Agora XXI, p. 96; Shear 1937, p. 348; Grace 1956a, pp. 95, 108-109, no. E and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 321, 322, 332 (under 88), 381; Grace 1979a, fig. 38, second from left (SS 6599); Grace 1985, p. 40. C 10:1
Ca.
Manhole m.
3.55
Depth
shaft
Rectangular
1.09
measuring
x 0.58
m,
access
giving
to an
120-90
D 10:3, E 10:1. the latest Knidian of period VI A, 107-98 Six stamped amphora handles, (SS 4864, I [KT 556, wholejar]). No coins. of Stratokles [KT 2126], eponym Damokritos to 786, 789. Comparandum Agora XXII, 381.
p. 97; XXIX,
p. 440; Grace
and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou
C 12:2
water
extensive
SS 6613,
system;
cf.
duoviri of term
(under no. E 158),
1970, pp. 345
Well Mostly ca. 375-325, with some material of second half of 3rd century
18.12 m. in well in 3rd century. Five stamped amphora handles, Mostly 4th century material, apparently redeposited the latest on a fragmentary Rhodian jar dating ca. 240-225 (VG)/ca. 219-213 (GF) (SS 5748, eponym Socha res). Single coin dates in 5th century (110-654, Agora XXVI, no. 12f). Depth
to 197, 250, 280. 197, 198; comparanda IV, 235; VIII, p. p. 125; X, p. 136; XII, Agora p.
331,
n.
p. 386; XXI,
p. 96; XXIX,
p. 440; XXX,
p. 360; Grace
1963,
25.
C 17:2
Ca.
Pyre
Concentration
of ritual pottery, bone, datable material.
and burnt material
within
a Hellenistic
290-250
fill.
No independently 411.
Agora IV, p. 235; XII, p. 386; XXIX, pl. 54:a (pyre 13). C18:3 Herakles Debris
p. 440; Thompson
1948, pp. 166-167,
Ca.
Deposit
from a terracotta workshop,
found
pl. 46:3; Young
150-75,
beneath
the hypocaust
amphora
handle
1951b, pp. 129-130,
with a few Roman
of the East Bath
fragments
(Young 1951a, pp. 279
282). A-B
Single small fragment of Knidian stamped (SS 10255 [KT553]). (ca. 107-88)
Comparandum
AgoraV,
naming
fabricant
Epigonos,
probably
period VI
to 322.
p. 124; Thompson C 20:2 Koukla
1965, pp. 53-63,
Factory fill
69-71; Rotroff Mostly
1987a, p. 192. ca. 200-150,
with
a few pieces
dating
ca. 150-50
fill rich in terracotta figurines and molds. Dumped Twelve stamped amphora handles, the latest Knidian of period IV B, 167-146 (SS 9275, SS 9349, eponyms Kleumbrotos Nine much [KT 603], Anaxippidas [KT 163]). coins, mostly earlier, but one dating ca. 130-90 No Later bowls. material includes (NN-1192, Agora XXVI, variety 99). long-petal fragments of ESA, gray ware, thin-walled ware, and a Type 54 A lamp (L 3861). 537, 538, 814.
348
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
1965, p. 50; Agora IV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 97; XXIX, p. 440; Young 1951a, pp. 249, 268, 274; Thompson Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 326 (under no. E 62), 381; Rotroff 1987a, p. 189; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69. D5:2 Cistern
150 to early 1st century, mixed
Ca.
system
with Late Roman
Depth 7.60 m. Large, Ten amphora handles, of Knidian period VI B, coins, ranging from 4th
irregular double chamber, with tunnel to drawshaft and blind tunnel. mostly of second half of 2nd century and early 1st century, the latest dating near end 97-88 (SS 7332, duoviri of term of Aristokrates [KT 1610]). Twelve firmly identified to 1st century B.C. and 2nd to 4th century a.d. The latest of the Hellenistic coins is no. Hellenistic coins and for date AA-254, dating 86-mid-80s XXVI, 117b). suggest (Agora stamped amphoras element of deposit. Hellenistic to 534. Comparandum XXII, p. 97; XXIX, Agora
p. 441. D 10:3
Manhole
ca. 150-100,
Mostly
with
some Classical material
shaft measuring 1.26 x 0.60 m, giving access to extensive water system; cf. C 10:1, Depth 3.70 m. Rectangular E10:l. Five amphora handles, the latest Knidian of period IV B, probably ca. mid-2nd (SS 4873, eponym century Kleumbrotos [KT 1149]). Single coin of 330s-322/317 XXVI, bowls, 43). (nG-171, Agora variety Long-petal lateWest Slope, but no semiglazed plates or bowls. 378, 619, 826. Agora XXII, p. 97. Ca. 50 b.c
DILI Well m. Collapsed in lowest 6.50 m, with dumped fill above. bedrock Depth 21.53 Six coins, the latest very worn but struck ca. 15-10 (n0-334, nO-382, Agora XXVI, amphora
variety
to a.d. 50
158). No
stamped
handles.
to 281. 73, 285, 343; comparanda Agora IV, p. 236; V, p. 124; VI, p. 98; VII, p. 225; XXI, Kroll 1973, p. 324; Hayes 1996, p. 13. forthcoming; D 11:2 (ds)
Drawshaft
p. 97; XXIII,
p. 305; XXIX,
p. 441; XXXII,
Ca. 300-210
m. Part of extensive water Depth 2.68 m; Diam. 0.84 D 12:2, E 11:1, all of them filled later. No stamped amphora handles. Worn coin of Antigonos bowls. moldmade
system,
connected
Doson
dating
187, 277, 341, 368, 372, 638, 645, 721, 740, 840; comparanda Agora TV, p. 236; X, p. 137; XII, p. 387; XXIX, p. 441; Grace Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VI). Cistern
p. 330; XXVI,
11:4D
Lower
by tunnels with D
229-220
(n0-43O).
Two fragments
to 388, 405, 575, 642, 717. 1956b, p. 168, "another third century
fill
Ca.
200 with
Depth 7.52 m; Diam. at bottom lower fills); connected by longer Late Roman fills above.
11:3, D
11:4, of
deposit";
to late 1st century, some Classical material
their to D 12:2 by tunnel only 0.50 m long (joins between 3.80 m. Connected ca. 0.80 m, with Early and fill in lowest tunnels to D 11:3, E 11:1. Hellenistic
one of period VI B, 97-88 (SS 5306, amphora handles, mostly Knidian of first half of 2nd century, duoviri of term of eponym Aristainos [KT 1510]). No coins. Terminal date suggested by uninventoried frag ments of Mottled Oliver lids and Type 56 A lamp (L 5948). 389,491,550. Agora IV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 97; XXIX, pp. 441-442; XXXII, forthcoming. Nineteen
Drawshaft D 12:2
Lower
m. Connected Depth 7.52 m; Diam. 0.67 at top. fills). A little Late Roman material
fill1st century to D 11:4 by tunnel
only 0.50 m
long
(joins between
their lower
DEPOSIT
349
SUMMARIES
three Knidian dating including stamped amphora handles, Andromenes [KT 1280], Hermon (SS 5012, SS 5018, SS 5029, eponyms term [KT 1500]), and one of period VII, ca. 78-50 (SS 5109, eponym coins dates in late 70s (110-207, Agora XXVI, variety 119). 613. Nine
Agora IV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XXI, p. 97; XXII, 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 189. D 15:3
pp. 97-98; XXIX,
pp. 441-442;
XXXII,
D 16:1 Cistern
Lower Cistern with
Thompson
375-300
(r-1431a-c, Agora XXVI, variety 42). Three of late 4th-early 3rd century (P 6395, Grace
left). to 250, 280, 713. 396; comparanda Agora TV, p. 236; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; XXVI, p. 305; XXIX, under no. 149; Grace 1971, p. 78, n. 66, and p. 85, n. 86; Koehler
not recorded.
forthcoming;
Ca.
Cistern
m. Depth 3.53 m; Diam. at bottom 2.62 three Six 4th-century coins, dating 330s-322/317 type and a Corinthian amphora phoras of uncertain
Dimensions
late in period VI B, shortly before 88 [KT 1370], and duoviriof the former's [KT 1305]). Latest of four Antipatros
am stamped 1979a, fig. 42
1949, p. 343, p. 442; XXX, p. 361; Corbett 1978a, p. 237; Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448.
fill Ca. 325-275 one disturbed
two tunnels,
by digging
of Roman
well D 16:5. Small
above.
Byzantine deposit Five stamped amphora handles. The most closely datable isThasian, naming Kleophon II and dating 325-310 no. cf. coins. Latest fine 295 (HistriaYlll.l) EtThasW, p. 262, (SS 10340, (Debidour)/ca. 980). No identifiable pottery dates ca. 275. Mark Lawall believes that a single amphora top of unidentified type may date around the middle of the century, opening the possibility in the well might be later than 275. that other material to 13. 6, 292; comparandum AgoraXIl, p. 387; XXIX, p. 442; XXX, tery); Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. D 17:3
p. 361; Rotroff
1984, pp. 343, 347, 349, pl. 67:2, 7-9
Drawshaft
Ca.
(selection
of pot
300-250
to D 17:4 and D 17:5 by long tunnels. Three fills distinguished in 2.50 m; Diam. 0.90 m. Connected but from all three similar and pottery digging, apparently contemporary. (00-1334, Agora XXVI, variety [41-43]). A single undated Single legible coin of 330s-322/3l7 stamped amphora handle. Date based on fine pottery. 227, 313, 625. room of Agora IV, p. 236; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; XXIX, p. 443; Young 1951a, p. 182 (cistern in northwest Annex); Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. Depth
D17:4 Drawshaft
Lower fill
(POU)
(ds)
Ca. Middle fill
200-150, with three Late Hellenistic intrusions Ca. 150 to early 1st century?
Depth 1.98 m; Diam. 1.17 m. Part of same system as D 17:3 and D 17:5. Use fill in lowest ca. 0.60 m, with 0.35 m of dumped middle fill above. Late Hellenistic (?) upper fill in top 1.20 m. Lower fill. Fragments of at least 10 water jugs identify this as a use fill. Almost all pottery dates before ca. mid 2nd century, with three exceptions: Knidian amphora handle of period VIB, 97-88 (SS 10712, duoviri Agesipolis and Hermophantos [KT 1500]); olpe of late 2nd to early 1st century (P 19930, AgoraXXlX, p. 297, no. 509); of No coins. fragment semiglazed plate. to 33, 90, 647. 90, 506, 529, 628; comparanda Middle fill. Little pottery, and no independently datable material. Comparandum
to 221.
Agora XXII, p. 98; XXIII, p. 330; XXIX, 1989, p. 69. Building); Grandjouan D 17:5
Papposilenos
Cistern
p. 443; Young
Lower fill
1951a, p. 182 (cistern
Ca.
in the corner of Annex
of Poros
225-150? Upper
fill
Ca. 150-100
350
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
Depth 2.38 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 1.30 m. Part of same system as D 17:3 and D 17:4. Two fills (in uppermost 1.48 m and at 1.48-2.10 m) above layer of sterile sand. Lower fill. Coin of Histiaia, 2nd or 1st century (OO-1043, Agora XXVI, no. 633). No stamped amphora handles. No long-petal bowls. to 727, 728. 67, 331, 350, 652, 680, 727; comparanda one Koan, one Rhodian of early third quarter of 2nd century Two stamped amphora handles, Upper fill. Terminal based on fine pottery (e.g., P 19916, fabricant date 146-126 Drakontidas). (GF) (SS 10498, (VG)/ca. no. 847). p. 328, AgoraXXIX, to 450. 588, 670, 733, 825; comparandum Agora IV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 98; XXVI, p. 305; XXIX, p. 443; Young 1951a, p. 182 (cistern south of south wall of Annex 1987a, p. 190. D17-.ll
of Poros Building);
1965, p. 50; Pollitt
Thompson
fill Ca. 110-50 fill
Lower
Well
1979, pp. 220-221
Upper
earlier
Sullan
Rotroff
Augustan
fill in lowest ca. 1.50 m, with Early Roman 12.00 m deep. Hellenistic is Knidian of period Lower fill. Later of two stamped amphora handles II [KT 678], neck and shoulder). No legible coins. Little fine ware, not to 127. 79; comparandum broken Little pottery; date based on fine wares. Contained Upper fill. from
(deposit XXX);
fill above. VI B, 97-88
(SS 10332, eponym Agias
closely datable. tiles and wall plaster
derivative
possibly
cleanup.
51.
AgoraX,
p. 67; XXI,
p. 97; XXIX,
p. 443; XXXII,
forthcoming.
Fill I (POU) D 19:2Well
2nd to early 1st century
Late
(ds)
fills. Use fill in lowest 5.00 m (fill I). 15.05 m deep, with four approximately contemporary at water whole least 10 and of many pots identify this as a use fill. Two amphora jugs Fragments fabricant SS Rhodian in fill III 1st Kastor, Knidian eponym Andromenes 9202, (SS 9201, century early No coins. I in 51 fill C VI B, 97-88]). (L 3907). lamp Type period to 95. 93, 97, 98, 586, 631; comparandum AgoraIV, p. 237; XXIX, p. 444; Shear 1940, p. 304 ("tiled well"). D-E
8-9:1
Single
(ds)
Cistern
fill in two chambers
(Depth
2.99 and 2.35 m; Diam.
of
[KT 1280,
325-275, with small disturbance of late 3rd to early 2nd century
Ca.
system
handles
at bottom
1.86 and
1.92 m)
connected
by tun
nel.
Seven legible coins, the latest dating ca. 322/317-307 n0-121, (110-97, 110-103, n0-lO4, Agora XXVI, va Date based rieties 44, 46, 48, 49). Single Koan stamped amphora of late 4th or early 3rd century 4840). (SS kantharos on abundant fine ware, with latest material XXIX, 6947, (P p. 266, Agora by angular represented no.
230).
Disturbance
consists
of
fragments
of
four
vessels
of
late
3rd-early
2nd
century
P 25413, P 25412, Agora XXII, pp. 73, 90, nos. 234, 387). to 2, 126, 713, 717. 9, 116, 126, 202, 203; comparanda p. 388; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 98; XXIII, p. 331; XXVI, p. 305; XXIX, AgoraXll, under no. 2; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VII); Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. D-E
15:1
Fill in
Great
Drain with
Ca. 150 a few earlier pieces
(e.g.,
moldmade
p. 444; Corbett
bowls,
1955, p. 178,
to early 1st century, and slight Roman disturbance
Two martyrs of fill in Great Drain, dug in three layers. Except for inventoried objects, pottery was discarded, from top to bottom, with occasional Late Roman sherds. Three of recorded uniformity but Homer Thompson the six coins from the upper layer (a road surface) are Roman. Fill below this and at bottom of drain, around 119 and a Vandal coin), terracotta pipes, contained only two Roman coins (IM628, T-1603, Agora XXVI, variety ones, the latest issues dating 130-90 (r-1621, T-1626, T-1630, T-1636, T-1639, Agora along with 47 Hellenistic XXVI, T-1616, XXVI, variety 99) and 99/98 (T-1610, stamped amphora handles; variety 94). Twenty-five Agora the latest two are Knidian, dating in period VI B, 97-88 (SS 9301, SS 9395, eponym Agias II [KT 292], duoviri of term of eponym Aristainos [KT 1505]). For other fills in Great Drain, see A-B 19-20:1, H 12:1.
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
351
282, 777. p. 98; XXIX,
Agora IV, p. 237; XXII, Cistern
E 3:1 (ds)
p. 444. Lower fill Upper fill
Ca. To ca.
325-250,
with one
later object
220
ca. 5.70 m; Diam. at bottom 2.00 m. Connected chamber. Major by tunnel with another, unexcavated Depth some slightly later material in in from fill lowest 1.90 fill. of finds m; upper ity in the consistency of a change of the fill at a Lower fill. The cistern was dug in three layers in recognition m and a change in color at 4.60 m; material from is To these of stored 3.80 layers separately. judge from depth of pottery were in the lower two layers. This part of the cis the heaviest concentrations the notebook account, a coin of ca. 322/317-307 tern contained (MM-316, Agora XXVI, variety 48); lamps of Types 28 B, 29 A and B of the 3rd century suggest a deposit date around the middle 95, nos. 402, 408). A single Roman fragment (wheel-ridged, deposit,
dump
of
a
(L 2380, L 2187, L 2224, L 5407, Agora IV, pp. 93, micaceous ware) is a clear intrusion. Very large
workshop.
potter's
to 124, 255, 306, 717. 21, 102, 210, 255, 395, 407, 412, 541, 640; comparanda to just below the top of the connecting in of The fill the neck the down cistern, tunnel, to long Upper fill. a depth of 3.80 m, apparently were amount six contained little material: and of inventoried the only objects context pottery is correspondingly small. This fill included some pieces that must date after mid-century. It is in this fill that the stamped amphora that originally suggested a closing date of ca. 250 for this group was found (SS 6127, Nikandros Group). Virginia Grace placed it in the second quarter of the 3rd century on the basis in Group B, which she estimated was somewhat of comparison with an unstamped later. Lawall now amphora a on date after the middle of the for the of the basis century suggests stamped fragment comparative material at Ephesos. A small fragment of a moldmade bowl is also later, dating after ca. 224. Together these suggest that a bit later than what was found below. A very worn bronze coin, material from this fill continues tentatively identified as Agora XXVI, variety 100, ca. 130-90 (MM-227), is intrusive. 10.
Agora IV, p. 237; X, p. 67; XII, 388; XXI, p. 97; XXIX, pp. 444-445; XXX, p. 361; Grace and Sawatianou 1970, pp. 366, n. 2, 381; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VIII); Rotroff 1983, p. 262. Petropoulakou E Cistern 5:2
Lower fill
(ds)
Ca.
250-180, Roman and Byzantine
with slight disturbance
to a chamber filled in Byzantine times (E 5:3). Hellenistic Depth 7.42 m; Diam. at bottom 4.40 m. Connected fill in lowest ca. 1.00 m, Byzantine fill above. Five stamped amphora handles, the best dated a Rhodian of period Ha, ca. 240-225 (VG)/ca. 234?220, per in (SS 6845, SS 6857, eponyms Nikodemos span (GF) (SS 6818, eponym Eukles II) and two Thasians haps early II, Pythion IX, cf. EtThasTV, p. 321, no. 1265 and p. 367, no. 1486), both dating well within 3rd century. One coin, dating ca. 196-185 (AA-47, Agora XXVI, variety [78-80]). Two intrusive securely identified Hellenistic a coins and of Roman (AA-48, AA-49) Byzantine fragment plate. Large deposit of pottery, with fragments of over
40 moldmade
bowls;
unguentaria
have
hollow
to 388, 389, 728. 205, 563; comparanda AgoraX, p. 67; XII, p. 388; XXII, p. 98; XXIX, E 6:1, E 6:2
Egyptian
Cistern
stems.
p. 445; Pollitt
1979, p. 221
(deposit XXXV)
Lower fill (E 6:1) Ca. 175-125 Lower fill (E 6:2) Ca. 175-125 fill Ca. 115-86 (E 6:2) Upper
E 6:1: Depth 4.10 m; Diam. at bottom 2.57-3.15 m. E 6:2: Depth 3.45 m; Diam. at bottom 2.35-2.84 m. Two cisterns connected lower fill below Roman fill in uppermost 0.80 m. In E 6:2, by tunnel. In E 6:1, Hellenistic 0.80 m. large lower fill with upper, Sullan fill in uppermost Lower fills. Twenty stamped amphora handles found in combined lower fills. One Knidian amphora handle of period Vt B, 97-88 (SS 6504, duoviri of term of Aristomedes [KT 1626]) in upper part of lower fill in E 6:2, 19 handles, latest isKnidian of late period probably intrusive from upper fill in that chamber. Of the remaining IV B, around the middle of the 2nd century (SS 6500, fabricant [KT 654]). Five legible coins (all Euphrosynos from E 6:2), of which latest is a very worn of Zeus uncertain struck after ca. 185 (KK-441). issue, Fulminating to 70 (E 6:1). 114, 147, 223, 451, 464-467, to 200, 303, 465, 91, 200, 605; comparandum 659; comparanda 467 (E 6:2). Comparandum to 389 (E 6:2, unknown depth).
352
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
Upper fill ofE 6:2. Single coin of ca. 130-90 (KK-437, Agora XXVI, variety 100); later of two stamped amphora handles Knidian of period VI B, 97-88 II [KT 1598]). Probably Sullan (SS 6502, duovirioi term of Euphragoras destruction debris. to 147, 542. 148, 225, 289, 654, 795; comparanda n. 235; XXII, pp. 98-99; XXIX, p. 445; Edwards 1957, p. 335, n. 52; XII, IV, 388; XIV, 80, 237; p. p. p. Agora Grace and 1965, 50; 1970, pp. 336 (under no. E 105), 381; Pollitt 1979, p. Thompson Sawatianou-Petropoulakou Rotroff of pottery); Rotroff 1987a, p. 190. 220 295-297 1983, 278-282, XXIX); (selection p. pp. (deposit E 10:1 4.03
Depth
m.
Rectangular
shaft
measuring
1.11
x 0.56
m,
Manhole
giving
access
Ca. 120-86, with to an
extensive
two later objects water
system;
cf.
C 10:1, D 10:3. stamped amphora handles, including six Knidian of period VI B, two in term of eponym Hermon, 88 SS before 4997 4916, [KT 651]). Single coin dates ca. 300-272 (n0-195a, Agora XXVI, (SS dating shortly no. 583). A Type 56 A lamp (L 2007, Agora IV, p. 204, no. 797) and an Early Roman plate are apparently intru Twenty
sive.
512. 1965, p. 50; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou Agora XXII, p. 97; XXIX, p. 445; Thompson (under no. E 157), 347 (under no. E 167), 381; Rotroff 1987a, p. 190. E Cistern 14:1
Lower
Ca.
fill (ds)
325-200, of ca. 150-75
1970, pp. 345
with disturbance and some Roman
m. Connected by tunnels to E 14:3 and E 15:3, filled at different dates. Depth 5.48 m; Diam. at bottom 2.94 in the tunnel between them. Roman fill from E 14:3 during excavation, Some mixing with material especially 4.00 m, with lower fill in cone below. in uppermost below, the latest is Rhodian of ca. 218 (VG)/ca. Stamped handles of 18 jars; with the exception mentioned Eleven 212 or slightly later (GF) (SS 4173, eponym Simylinos, neck and handles). legible coins, all but two a of 3rd of second of these is coin mid-3rd before (latest century, T-1203, Agora quarter century Megara, dating a little after 150 from amount of later material XXVI, variety 644). Considerable (over 50 objects), ranging to + I later of Knidian 2nd and 1st 4266 [KT handles, 4268, pair 962]), (SS eponym Euphragoras amphora 166-86 coin of of Leaf West the centuries [T-1199, ESA, bowls, Myrina dating Large Groups, Slope (long-petal worn a.d. to of Roman coin 2nd [T-l 194], century pottery, lamps, glass). Third (very Agora XXVI, variety 456]), century
material
is a
workshop
dump.
207, 252, 263, 324, 353, 369, 387, 388, 410, 415, 421, 423, 453, 681, 694, 47, 55,101,113,118-120,159,174, to 64, 223, 235, 293, 317, 350, 420, 423, 430, 596, 693, 717. 708, 709, 743, 842; comparanda 98 (upper fill); X, p. 67; XII, p. 388; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 99; XXVIII, p. 243; AgoraIV, p. 237; V, p. 125; VI, p. . half of Grace 1956b, p. 142, under no. 84 ("cistern deposit of. . middle XXIX, p. 446; XXXII, forthcoming; n. 69. the third century"); Thompson 1989, 130, 15; 1959, p. p. Grandjouan FillE14:2 I Well
half of 1st century
First
(POU)
a.d.
20.00 m deep. Lower use fill in lowest 3.00 m, with a slightly later upper use fill (fill II) in the 0.75 m above above. fills (Roman and Byzantine) it; two more water jugs indicates this is a use fill. Fifteen post-Sullan amount of with basket-handled many pottery Large bronze coins, the latest dating ca. 15-10 (r-1548, Agora XXVI, variety 158). Comparandum
Agora p. 325.
to
149.
IV, p. 237; V, p. 125; VI, p. 98; XXI,
E 14:3 (ds)
Cybele
Cistern
p. 97; XXVI,
pp. 305-306;
Mostly
XXXII,
forthcoming;
Kroll
1973,
ca. 115-50, with several 3rd-century pieces, one Early and one Late Roman intrusion
from the latter to E 15:3 and E 14:1; some mixing with material ca. 0.90 m. Connected Depth 4.80 m; Diam. a m vessel. One Late Roman contained them. Upper 0.50 in the tunnel between in excavation, single especially a dozen others from unknown depths. 3rd-century piece near bottom of shaft, about the latest are 13 Knidian handles of late in period VI B, 97-88 (eponyms Twenty stamped amphora handles; of Sullan debris in the fill. Hermon, Aristokrates, Andromenes, Pisinos), suggesting a significant component of the 35 firmly identified coins are post-Sullan, Seventeen dating in later 80s and 70s (Agora XXVI, varieties
DEPOSIT
353
SUMMARIES
115, 127, 128, nos. 131g, 133a, 135g-k). Along with fragment of a Type 52 E lamp, they indicate that the fill was deposited at least a generation after the sack. Kroll regards a single later coin as intrusive, both on the basis of its date (20s to 19 b.c) and its extreme wear (T-1038, Agora XXVI, p. 109, n. 216, p. 306, n. 24, no. 154f). A same intrusion. single fragment of western sigillata (P 20494) may be part of the to 147, 293, 510, 530, 549, 552, 554, 666, 745,831; 8,161, 320, 351, 352, 363,452,477,479,480, comparanda 480,481,516,689. Agora IV, p. 237; X, p. 67; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 99; XXVI, pp. 306-307; XXIX, p. 446; XXXII, forthcoming; Grace 1956b, p. 163, under no. 183 ("cistern deposit"); Price 1964, pp. 32-33 1966a; (deposit II); Thompson Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1987a, p. 193. 1970, pp. 335 (under no. E 103), 381; Rotroff
15.40 m deep.
Lower fill (ds)
E14:6
Well Lower
fill from
to 12.60 m,
10.85
3rd century, with
Mainly
of collapsed
above deposit
several 2nd-century
pieces
Early Roman
upper
bedrock;
fill. in lower fill, One coin of ca. 322/317-307 (T-1483, Agora XXVI, variety 46). No stamped amphora handles but a Knidian amphora and a stamped handle of period VI B (97-88) were found at the transition from the II [KT 146+1591], lower to the upper fill (SS 6168 + 6169, SS 6170, eponym Euphragoras duoviri of term of Aris tainos [KT 1505]). Mostly 3rd century pottery, with at least eight 2nd-century pieces: e.g., fragments of a lagynos bowls of M Monogram Class. Three (P 14363, AgoraXXlX, p. 393, no. 1528), long-petal bowls and moldmade or four Turkish intrusions. to 788, 789. 158; comparanda AgoraXIl,
p. 388; XXII,
p. 99; XXIX,
pp. 446-447;
E 14:7Lower Well fill 20.30 m deep. Use
fill in lowest
XXXII,
forthcoming. 1st
(POU)
1.30 m of well. Three
more
and 2nd century
fills above,
ranging
a.d.
from 6th to 10th century
A.D.
111. Agora IV, p. 237; VII, p. 225; XXXII,
forthcoming. E 14:9 Pit 1st century
Large pit in bedrock, 2.5 m deep, overlying wells E 14:6 and E 14:10. Mostly Early Roman fill, with residual stamped amphora handle dating II [KT 1131]). Knidian eponym Dionysios 608. E 15:2 Depth
Ca. ca. 0.80 m. Connected
(mainly early?)
late in period V, 146-108
Drawshaft 4.50 m; Diam.
a.d.
to F 15:2 (Group E) by tunnel,
(SS 6167,
275-200 and well E 15:7 by overflow
channel.
Later of two stamped amphora handles isKnidian of period III, 220-188 (SS 2259, eponym Leon [KT 814]). and coin of the 140s in mouth of (r~240, Agora XXVI, variety 103) attest disturbance lamp fragment
Roman shaft.
to 211. 211; comparandum p. 447; Thompson AgoraXXlX, Cistern
E 15:3
1934, p. 393, Lower
labeled
"Drawshaft" on fig. 81; Thompson
fill
Ca.
1965, p. 51. to end of 1st century
150
Depth ca. 5.30 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 3.50 m. Connected by tunnel with E 14:1 and E 14:3. Small amount of undisturbed Hellenistic lower fill; mixed Hellenistic, Late Roman, and Byzantine upper fill above. No coins or stamped amphora handles. Type 55 B lamp (L 1818) extends date to end of 1st century. 7, 364, 376. Agora IV, pp. 237-238; XXI, p. 267; Rotroff 1987a, p. 193.
p. 97; XXII,
p. 99; XXVI,
E 15:4 (ds) Depth E 14:10.
5.70 m. Rectangular
p. 307
(upper fill); XXIX,
Drawshaft shaft measuring
1.06 x 0.60 m,
Ca. giving
access
p. 447; Thompson
200-125 to tunnel
1966b,
or slightly
connected
later
to well
354
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
(SS 4598, eponym Aristeides stamped amphora handles; the latest are a Knidian of period IVA, 188-167 a ca. of and Rhodian 165-163 177 No coins. Pottery [KT 336]) (VG)/ca. (GF) (SS 4600, eponym Archilaidas). as as at date least P late bowls moldmade bowl of 125: 14330), imported many long-petal suggests closing (e.g., 6 of and 7. type (P 31140), unguentaria late-2nd-century categories Nine
178, 224, 367, 474, 475, 481; comparanda p. 99; XXIX, p. 447; Thompson AgoraXXII, Rotroff 1988, p. 91, n. 14. Well E 15:7
Lower Second
20.80 m deep.
use
Probable
fill in lowest
to 474, 475. 1965, p. 50; Grace
fill (POU) fill from
1.80 m,
1985, p. 23, n. 61; Rotroff
1987a, pp. 190-191;
Ca. 325-200 Classical and Hellenistic, top to early 1st century, with a little Roman sealed
in by 1.40 m
of sterile
earth. Three
more
fills
above.
Lower fill. 15, 175.
Intact waterjug
suggests
deposit
is a use fill. No
datable material.
independently
a mixture of Classical and Hellenistic Second fill from top. Four-meter-deep deposit of red earth containing as a as coin of 130-90 the 1st with late (r-311, Agora XXVI, variety 99) and an illegible century, pottery, running a handle. Roman with jug stamped amphora handle, along 382, 486. 1934, p. 393, labeled "Hellenistic well" on fig. 81. pp. 447-448; Thompson AgoraXXIX, E 18:7
Ca.
Well
150-86
fill with masses of roof tiles and a little coarse pottery. 9.65 m deep. Single dumped Six stamped handles from five jars, the latest dating in period VIB, 97-88 (SS 14678, Knidian eponym Agias coins. A large lamp II [KT 3]); possibly two others in this period, and two in period V, 146-108. No identifiable at to E 43 bottom found related of unusual Howland (L 5568). Semiglazed plate and bowl, type perhaps Type debris. 6. Sullan destruction of of Probably Category fragments lagynoi, ESA, long-petal bowls, unguentaria 603, 615, 620; comparandum
to 289. Lower
Cistern E29:l
fill Ca. 325-290
fill in mouth. in the 19th century. Roman connected by tunnel with chamber cleared by Dorpfeld ca. term in of the Thasian handle 335-325 (HistriaVlll.l) (Debidour)/316-295 Daiphron, amphora Single (SS 14502). No coins. to 556, 639. 678; comparanda see plan in Graber 1905, pi. I (two-cistern system in C-D 4, Agora XII, p. 389; XXIX, p. 448; XXX, p. 362; in blue). marked Cistern
E 29:2
Cistern
Drawshaft No
with
legible
Comparanda AgoraXXIX, E 29:3
coins
system
two blind or
amphora
2nd century
tunnels
in House
of the Greek Mosaic.
handles.
to 221, 250. p. 448; for plan of house,
see Graber
1905, pi. I, in C-D
4-5. Ca.
Strosis
325-275
room S of the House of the Greek Mosaic, cavity in the corner of ware saucer, covered bowl). with probable remains pyre (household chytridion, of an angular West Slope kantharos, No coins or stamped amphora handles. Pottery includes fragments no earlier than ca. 275. indicating a deposit date Earth over bedrock
Cistern
in a roughly of disturbed
5:1F
circular
Middle
fill
Ca.
200-150, with a few 3rd-century intrusions pieces and Early Roman
at bottom 3.00 m. Silt and sterile bedrock fill in cone rising to ca. 1.50 m above floor, Depth 4.82 m; Diam. fill in upper 1.30 m. fill above. with middle Early Roman latest are two Knidian dating near end of period IV B, just before 146 stamped amphora handles; Eighteen I [KT 197]). Four legible coins; latest dates II SS [KT 1123], Euphragoras 7717, eponyms Menippos (SS 7664,
bowls. Five intrusive pieces
ca. 196-185
(AA-520, Agora XXVI, variety 81). No long-petal and early 1st century a.d., probably from upper fill. to 748. 173, 258, 391; comparandum Agora IV, p. 238; XII, p. 389; XXI, F 11:2 (ds)
p. 97; XXII, Lower
Well
355
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
pp. 99-100;
(POU?)
B.C.
p. 448.
XXIX,
and upper
of late 1st century
fills
Ca. 350-late dating in second
290s, with a few pieces quarter of 4th century
16.80 m deep. Fill in lowest 2.80 m may have accumulated during use, but has many joins with pottery from fill. upper dumped that lowest deposit may be a use fill. Latest of 10 legible coins Two amphoras at bottom constitute evidence the 300 (B-491, Agora XXVI, variety 50). Neck and shoulder of stamped Thasian jar naming dates 307-ca. 296 (Histria VILLI). A few (Debidour)/ca. (SS 2618, cf. EtThas, p. 179, no. 584), 325-310 eponym Deinopas as second quarter of 4th century, but most are later. Debris includes many objects associated with pieces as early and has therefore roof tiles labeled demosion, lead and clay seals, inscriptions) life measures, (official public in 294. Cleanup to the nearby Tholos, possibly during the tyranny of Lachares associated with damage and deposit of the material would presumably have followed shortly after the fall of the tyrant. See also F 12:3 and G 11:4. to 126, 250, 280, 713. 123, 155, 181, 199, 386, 558, 560, 676; comparanda
been
Agora TV, p. 238; X, pp. 67, 137; XII, p. 389; XXI, p. 97; XXIII, p. 331; XXVI, p. 307; XXIX, p. 449; XXX, 134-135, fig. 75 (marked "A"); Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit X); Rotroff 1940, pp. 98-101, p. 362; Thompson 1984, pp. 343-351, pl. 67:3, 10-16 (selection of pottery); Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. F 12:3
Well
Lower fill Ca. 335-late
and Cistern
290s
fill
Middle
Ca. fill
Upper
Ca. 290-250
310-275 and perhaps later
a well (23.10 m to form a cistern. Fill Originally deep), which was partially filled and the upper part widened to level of cistern floor. Middle in lowest 7.10 m sealed in by 7.00 m of dug bedrock, fill in lowest 0.50-1.00 m of cistern, sealed by 6.00 m of dug bedrock. Upper fill in uppermost 2.00 m of cistern. no legible coins. Corinthian Lower fill. Two stamped amphora handles, B amphora (SS 3016) and close to in F of that date. 11:2 pottery suggest similarity to 306. 636, 713; comparandum Middle fill. Single unidentified (SS 3230). No coins. stamped amphora handle 184. Upper fill. No 60, 835.
datable material.
independently
1940, pp. 98-101, Agora IV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 389; XXI, p. 97; XXIX, p. 449; Thompson "C"); Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XI); Rotroff 1984, p. 345; Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. F 12:4 WellLate Roman,
fig. 75 (marked
some residual Hellenistic
with
material
22.00 m deep. fill of mixed
Single
Early
and
Late
Roman,
with
several
residual
objects
of
4th
century
and
Hellenistic
date:
red figure (P 4372, Agora XXX, p. 239, no. 683); Type 25 A lamp (L 1354); inscription of 229/8 early-4th-century or 228/7 two firmly dated in 2nd (11640, Agora XV, p. H7,no. 127); three Knidian stamped amphora handles, SS IV Daidalos 3229, 3227, (SS [KT 1770, A], [KT 1525, period VI A]); century eponyms Klenopolis period coins of 4th and 2nd centuries (B-193, B-188, B-201, Agora XXVI, varieties [41-43], 49, 99). Cf. F 13:2 for a similar
mixture
of Hellenistic
and
Late
Roman
material.
779. AgoraX,
p. 137; XXXII,
forthcoming. F 13:2 Well Upper
fill
Late Roman,
with
some residual Hellenistic
material
Well 21.55 m deep dug through floor of cistern, which was filled in Byzantine period. Three Roman fills: two use fills and upper, dumped fill (at of 6.00-18.50 m). depth Late Roman of ca. 215 (at least to 4th century), with a little residual material, including an inscription of Hellenistic and Late Roman mate (I 2897, Agora XV, p. 125, no. 134). Cf. F 12:4 for a similar mixture rial.
Agora IV, p. 238; VI, p. 98; VII, p 225; X, p. 137; XXI,
p. 97; XXXII,
forthcoming.
356 F 13:3 (ds)
Well
DEPOSIT
Upper
fill
SUMMARIES
(POU and dump) Ca. 150-86
traces constitute material 21.45 m deep. A few 4th-century fragments at bottom mixed with Late Hellenistic of a lower fill. Use fill in lowest 4.50 m, contemporary with dumped abandonment fill above, with burning and roof
tiles.
jugs and whole pots identify lowest part of deposit as a use fill. Over 70 stamped amphora handles, including many of period V, 146-108, and two (in the dumped fill) of latter part of period VI, ca. 88 (SS 3679, Four SS 3680, Knidian [KT 1158, neck and handles preserved]). [KT 479], Hermon eponyms Andromenes to 140s One of the dates latest Hellenistic identified XXVI, 112, coins; 103). (B'-l possibly Agora variety firmly coin (B'-1097, Agora XXVI, variety 158, struck 15-10 but extremely worn) and fragment of Early Ro Augustan man vessel intrusive. Probably Sullan destruction debris. Water
to 450, 618, 825. 34, 43, 92, 160, 344, 476, 621, 701, 734, 803; comparanda XXIII, XII, 389; XXII, 100; p. p. p. 331; XXIX, p. 450; Grace Agora IV, p. 238; X, p. 67; no.
1956a, pp. 95, 108,
2.
F 15:2 (ds)
Cistern
Ca. 150-110
(Group E)
m. Chamber connected by tunnel to drawshaft. Depth ca. 4.25 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 2.60 Latest of 13 stamped amphora handles are five Knidian of later period V, ca. 125-108, all naming the eponym Hierokles (SS 2158, SS 2160, SS 2173, SS 2174, SS 2176 [KT 156, KT 566, KT 928, KT 1093]). No legible coins. no. 321). (I 1594, Agora XVI, pp. 449-450, Inscription of 122/1 361, 539, 590, 591, 669, 671, 685, 690, 699, 730, 738, 780, 40, 72, 137, 138, 142, 189, 245, 274, 275, 309-311, to 72, 160, 228, 451, 669, 732. 788; comparanda Thompson Agora IV, p. 238; XII, p. 390; XXII, pp. 100,110; XXV, p. 164; XXIX, p. 450; XXXII, forthcoming; of pottery); Thompson 1965, pp. 50-53, 69-71; Grace and Sawatianou 1934, pp. 392-427 (full publication 1987a, p. 192; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6. 1970, pp. 322, 381; Grace 1985, p. 37; Rotroff Petropoulakou Demeter F 16:1 3.80
Depth
m.
Cistern
Lower
measuring
rectangular,
Irregularly
fill
Ca. 350-290, ca.
1.80
x 2.05
m.
with
small later Hellenistic
Small
(IT'-194, Agora XXVI, variety 43). No Single legible coin of 330s-322/3l7 to 1st century. turbance consists of four fragments ranging from mid-3rd 595. 182,
Late
Roman
stamped
upper
amphora
disturbance fill.
handles.
Dis
1934, p. 317, under no. A 7 ("cistern Agora IV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 390; XXI, p. 98; XXIX, p. 451; Thompson of 87-107 at the foot of the Areopagus"); 1954, pp. (selection pottery, pi. 20); Miller 1974, pp. 194 Thompson Rotroff Rotroff of 35 1983, p. 263; 1987a, pp. 184-185; Lawall 2004, pp. 447 198, fig. 1, pi. (selection pottery); 448. F 16:6 4.55
Rectangular m
Ca.
shaft
325-275
deep.
coins or stamped amphora handles. of Type 25 D' lamp suggest closing date. 559. No
Agora IV, p. 238; XII, p. 390; XXIX, Ritual
F 16:7
deposit
Corinthian
p. 451; XXX,
A amphora
p. 362; Lawall
(P 26437)
of early 3rd century
and fragment
2004, pp. 447-448.
Ca. 275 or later
a chytra with the bones of a small animal (identified as probably a canid by L. Angel), Small pit containing and a black olpe. Pit lies in line of demolished south wall of House of Menon along with rilled-rim plate and of the wall. the destruction indicates that its burial postdates Mikion. Stratigraphy datable material. No independently 555. Shear Jordan
1969, pp. 393-394; Miller and Rotroff 1999, p. 148.
F 16:8 (ds)
Menon's
7.40 m deep. Well No independently
Cistern
1974, p. 210, n. 80, pi. 35 (location marked
and Well
by cross on plan, p. 195, fig. 1);
Ca. 325-275
cistern. shaft dug through preexisting date datable material. Closing suggested
by comparison
with pottery
from Koroni.
234, 249, 306, 307, 312, 358, 556, 576, 637, 641, 718, 828; comparanda
29, 62,183,185, 828.
of pottery); p. 451; Miller 1974 (full publication Rotroff 1990, 1984, pp. 346-347; pp. 176-177.
AgoraXXIX, p. 262; Rotroff
357
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
F 17:3 Middle Well
Pollitt
1979, p. 217
to 13, 249, 556, 560,
(deposit XII); Rotroff
1983,
Mostly ca. 315-225, with a few pieces dating to the last quarter of 3rd century
fill (POU)
of pottery, probably both use fills. Middle fill at a depth of ca. 13.20 m deep. Two discrete concentrations 10.30-11.20 m, separated from lower fill by ca. 0.70 m of sterile fill. Early Roman fill above. datable material. Three fragments date in last quarter Whole pots suggest this is a use fill. No independently of 3rd century, including fragment of moldmade bowl and fragmentary moldmade (P 25986, Agora amphora XXIX, p. 292, no. 455). 177. p. 390; XXI,
AgoraXll,
Cistern Cistern main
3.00 m deep,
p. 98; XXIX, F 17:4
p. 451; XXXII, Lower
connected
by tunnel
forthcoming.
fill
ca. 225-175,
Mostly
to drawshaft
2.70 m deep.
Late Roman
with a few later pieces fill in upper
1.05 m of
chamber.
a coin of the Fulminating Zeus series of uncertain Twelve legible coins, the latest Hellenistic issue, struck in ca. 185 or later (00-1524, Agora XXVI, variety [82-84, 90-97]) and a Boiotian coin of 196-146 (00-1532, Agora the latest Rhodian of ca. 214 (VG)/ca. 204-199 XXVI, variety 597). Sixteen stamped amphora handles, (GF) (SS 14658, eponym Astymedes I). Later material: fragment of long-petal bowl, two coins (00-1586, Agora XXVI, no. 144c [32 B.C.] and another late 1st to 2nd century a.d. [00-1575]). in Similarities with material perhaps E 5:2, E 14:1, G 14:2 (middle fill), and P 21:4: fragments of about 40 moldmade with hollow bowls; unguentaria stems.
Dump
of
terracotta
figurine
workshop.
106, 356, 390, 585, 716, 731, 736; comparandum Agora XXII, p. 100; XXIX, p. 452. F 19:2 Cistern
Upper
to 188.
fill 3rd century
Depth 4.46 m; Diam. at bottom 3.08 m. Fill in upper 1.30 m of cistern, with 4th-century fill below. Latest of three coins struck by Antigonos Gonatas, 277-239 (Tr-195). No stamped amphora handles. of moldmade bowl. fragment
Single
417. Agora IV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 390; XXI, F 19:3 Well Lower
p. 98; XXIX, fill (ds)
p. 452; XXX,
p. 362.
Ca. 115-86, with
a few Early Roman
pieces
2.47 m deep. Two approximately fills, the upper one in top 0.35 m of well. contemporary from handles 19 latest are from nine Stamped approximately jars, mostly Knidian of the duoviri period; terms in of Aristokrates and Hermon VI before this is largely Sullan B, 88), suggesting jars dating (period just destruction red ware [P 16409], ESB debris, though possibly not discarded before 1st century a.d. (Pompeian [P 16407]). to 679. 71, 109, 170, 226, 328, 622, 705; comparandum Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou XXI, XXII, 98; XXIX, 100; 452; XXXII, p. p. p. Agora forthcoming; 1970, pp. 321,381. F19:6
Well
Ca.
110-40
Unfinished well 1.58 m deep, used as refuse pit. Late Knidian amphora of period VII, ca. 78-50(?) (SS 9461 [KT 2507]). Chian coin of 3rd or 2nd century thin-walled-ware vessel (P 31936, cf. Marabini Moevs (TT-225, Agora XXVI, no. 944c). Roman 1973, p. 273, no. 130, pis. 12, 62). Type 52 E lamps (e.g., L 3744, Agora IV, pp. 187-188, no. 728). to 261, 482. 110, 128, 342; comparanda Grace and Sav Agora IV, p. 239; X, p. 137; XXII, p. 100; XXVI, p. 307; XXIX, p. 452; XXXII, forthcoming; vatianou-Petropoulakou
1970,
p.
381.
358
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
F 30:1 Strosis Mixed
5th century
to ca. 275, with
a few later pieces
No coins or stamped amphora handles. Mixed Classical and Early Hellenistic pottery, mostly dating before ca. 275, but also with a brazier, moldmade bowl fragment, and unguentarium fragment of the 2nd century and a
fragment
of
a Roman
micaceous
water
jar.
748. AgoraXIl,
p. 390. Bone G 5:3 Well
Lower
fill
175-150, with a few pieces earlier in the 2nd century
Ca.
(ds)
dating
m but bottom not reached. Connected by overflow passage at top with cistern with Late Roman Dug to 21.45 and Byzantine fill (G 5:2). Mixed Classical to Byzantine fill in upper 13.00 m. Six stamped amphora handles, the latest Knidian of late in period IV B, a little after 150 (SS 8196, eponym or early near top of deposit). I found [KT 197], Single coin dates to second half of 4th century Euphragoras infants and over 150 3rd (AA-562, Agora XXVI, variety 643). No long-petal bowls. Bones of ca. 450 newborn dogs.
594, 629, 657, 665, 752; 567,568, 221, 222, 243, 248, 257, 270, 271, 287, 300, 303, 304,441,459-463, to 814. 303, 461, 462, 665, 243, 287, 300, 567, comparanda 1945, p. 311, Agora XI, pp. 168-169; XII, p. 390; XXII, p. 100; XXIX, p. 452; Shear 1939, pp. 238-239; Angel nos. 115, 116; Grace 1949, p. 186, under no. 8; Edwards 1957, p. 339, under no. 9; Grace 1962, p. 119, note; Little, Snyder, and Rotroff 1999. 42,188,
G 6:2 (ds)
Cistern
system
(Group C) Ca. 225-160
fill Two cisterns (Depth 3.00 and 4.00 m; Diam. at bottom 2.70 and 4.50 m) joined by tunnel. Hellenistic fill above ancient fill in 0.60 m deep in east chamber sealed by nearly sterile earth. In west chamber, Byzantine cone 1.00 m high. [KT 1784]). Five Single Knidian amphora handle of period III, late 3rd century (SS 282, eponym Pantaleon but worn identifiable coins, the latest struck ca. 229-224/3, (A-1466, Agora XXVI, no. 64f). Date of deposit Class. bowls, which include fragments of four bowls of the M Monogram suggested by moldmade to 227, 247, 389, 505, 581, 651. 267, 279, 514, 566, 580, 610; comparanda XXII, XII, X, 390; p. pp. 100,109; XXVI, pp. 307-308; XXIX, pp. 452-453; Thompson p. 67; Agora IV, p. 239; of 345-369 1983, pp. 276-278; 1963a, pp. 291-292; Rotroff 1934, pp. (full publication pottery); Thompson Grace 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 1987a, p. 186; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6. G 11:1
Cistern
Ca. 160-125,
with Byzantine
disturbance
its bot cistern went out of use, a well was dug through 3.38 m. When 3.37 m; Diam. at bottom Depth in Byzantine Further disturbed and amphoras. times, when well tiles tom, with a packing of dug bedrock removed.
Seven complete stamped jars and two handles, all Knidian of periods IV and V, the latest dating bowls I [KT 14, KT 445]). No legible coins. Long-petal 146 (SS 3217, SS 3219, eponym Diokles of into third well continues 2nd ware well represented, century. quarter suggesting deposit
shortly after and lagynos
86.
1940, p. 101, fig. 75 AgoraV, p. 125; XXI, p. 98; XXIX, p. 453; Thompson no. E 69), 366, 381. 328 1970, (under pp. tianou-Petropoulakou G 11:4
Drawshaft
Mostly
(labeled
"I"); Grace
and Sawa
ca. 350-late 290s, with two pieces of second quarter of 3rd century
m. Depth 4.50 m; Diam. 0.90 with that in F 11:2 and lower fill of Bulk of pottery contemporary datable material. No independently roof inscribed of public material F 12:3. This and presence tiles, inscriptions) suggest it is also (public measure, 3rd century?) of later Two in 294. to be associated with damage to the Tholos, perhaps pieces (second quarter suggest deposit slightly later. 201, 639, 742. AgoraX, p. 67; XII, p. 391; XXV, p. 164; XXIX,
pp. 449-450;
XXX,
p. 363; Rotroff
1984, p. 345.
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
359 Ca.
Pit
G 12:6 Refuse
pit
pottery,
containing
No
animal
300-250
shells.
bones,
datable material. to 204.
independently 204; comparanda p. 453. AgoraXXIX,
G13:4
Well
Lower
fill
(POU)
(Group A)
(ds)
with a few later pieces Ca. 275-150 Upper fill
Ca. 325-260,
4.45 m deep. Two Hellenistic fills, the lowest in lower 0.45 m, the upper from a depth of 1.50 to 4.00 m. Late Roman fill in upper 1.50 m. Lower fill. Fragments of over 20 water jugs confirm that this is a use fill. Single Thasian amphora handle no. cf. Telemachos 1160, EtThasW, 392, (SS 1607), 335-325 (Debidour)/316-295 (ca. 312) (His p. naming triaVIII.l). No coins. Pottery has wide range of date, with terminus based on comparison of latest pieces with material from Koroni. Two exceptions date in third and fourth quarters of 3rd century (P 2860, P 4050, Agora XXIX, pp. 269, 331, nos. 263, 884). to 1, 250, 255, 280, 358, 504, 560. 1, 2, 19, 20, 36, 52, 124, 297, 400, 502, 717; comparanda No datable material. Upper fill. independently XXIX, pp. 453-454; Thompson 1934, pp. 313 Agora IV, p. 239; X, p. 67; XII, p. 391; XXII, pp. 101,107-108; of pottery); Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XIII); Grace 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 330 (full publication 1987b, p. 6; 69. 1989, p. Grandjouan G 14:2 WellMiddle Upper 23.50 m deep. Nearly 3.00
m,
a
above
4th-2nd
century
sterile fill in lowest ca. 8.00 m of well, with 4.00 m of Middle formed
blockage
fill (POU?) fill Ca. 100-70
by
transport
fill. Upper
fill in uppermost
amphoras.
Middle fill. One stamped amphora handle and one stamped neck, not closely dated. No coins. Fill is accu mulative. Many water jugs in lowest part (14.00-15.50 m) suggest this material probably accrued during use; most pottery dates in 4th century, with some of material Most found at ca. 14.00 m dates to 3rd-century pieces. the 3rd century; most of that from ca. 13.00 m dates to the 2nd century, some as late as the end. to 95, 141, 467. 84, 95, 96, 127, 141, 375, 414, 470, 471, 509; comparanda a on from three latest the Upper fill. Stamps amphoras, largely complete Knidian jar of period VIC, 85-78 (?) + II Euboulos 1788 No coins. 9464, [KT (SS 2128]). eponym to 141. 152, 284; comparandum IV, X, 240; XII, p. 391; XXI, p. 98; XXII, 67; p. p. Agora at 208 (well 1989, p. 69. 14/IST); Grandjouan p. G14:5 Cistern
Lower
p. 101; XXVIII,
p. 243; XXIX,
p. 454; Grace
1934,
fill Ca. 150-110
(G 14:3) filled in Byzantine Depth 2.90 m; Diam. at bottom 3.50 m. Cistern connected by tunnel to chamber m m Fill in lowest 0.30 distinct from the 1.00 thick middle fill above which contained little material. it, period. Late Roman upper fill. of the period Single Knidian stamped amphora handle of period V, 146-108, about the middle (SS 333, bowl fragments, but [KT 442], Grace 1934, p. 251, no. 131). No legible coins. Long-petal eponym Karneodotos no
semiglazed
739, 785. Agora XXII,
or bowls.
plates
p. 101. G 15:4
Pit
4th century, with Roman
intrusion
Irregular pit ca. 1.00 m in diameter. (A,-492, Agora XXVI, variety 46). No stamped amphora handles. Large Single legible coin of 322/317-307 fragments of 4th-century Thasian amphoras. Little fine ware, none later than 4th century, with several Late Roman
fragments.
Comparandum
to 45.
360 H 6:4
Bronze
Head Well
Ca.
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
260-200
7.10 m. Most pottery concentrated in lowest meter of well, a use fill. of eight stamped amphora handles is Rhodian and dates ca. 217 (VG)/ca. 211 or slightly later (GF) Grace 1934, p. 221, no. 18). No coins. One intrusive Late Roman fragment. (SS 148, eponym Xenostratos, to 24, 389, 644. 25, 59, 64, 212, 213, 710; comparanda IV, XXII, p. 240; p. 101; XXIX, p. 454; Shear 1933, pp. 453-454, Agora fig. 2 (selection of pottery); Grace 1934, p. 208 ("BHW"); Edwards 1957, p. 335, n. 53. Depth Latest
H 6:9Cave Cistern
Lower fill (N)Ca. 375-290 Lower fill (S) Upper fill (S)
Ca. Ca.
325-270 225-160
Two chambers connected by tunnel. In north chamber (depth 6.00 m; Diam. at bottom 2.30 m), lower fill in cone 0.35 m high, with slightly later fill above. In south chamber (depth 6.00 m; Diam. at bottom 5.35 m), lower fill in cone 1.75 m high. Lower fill, north chamber. No independently datable material. to 203. 202, Comparanda Lower fill, south chamber. Single firmly identified coin of ca. 270-261 (A-998, Agora XXVI, no. 57g). Single no. Rotroff unidentified handle 1983, p. 290, 57, pl. 56). (SS 3221, stamped amphora to 541. 156; comparanda is Knidian probably of period IV B, 167-146 Upper fill, south chamber. Latest of 12 stamped amphora handles see but Grace where the possibility that his term dates late [KT 1183]), 1985, p. 39, (SS 64, eponym Polychares in period IV A is raised. No coins. 164. Agora IV, p. 240; X, p. 137; XII, p. 392; XXI, p. 98; XXII, p. 101; XXVI, p. 308; XXIX, p. 455; XXX, p. 363; Stillwell 1933, pp. 126-128; Shear 1933, p. 454; Grace 1934, p. 208 ("Cave"); H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207-208; of pottery). Rotroff 1983, pp. 258-276, 283-294 (full publication H
Fill in Great Drain
12:1
Ca. 150-100
of 25 stamped amphora handles are five Knidian of period V, 146-108, none dating in latest part of II [KT 12], Euphranorl [KT321], (SS 7655, SS 7790, SS 7656, SS 7650, SS 8147, eponyms Asklepiodoros period ca. 90 Hellenistic of coins date in II [KT 1434, IV], Philombrotidas KT Latest Menekrates [KT 1124, 1278]). 140s (Z-2743, Z-2723, AgoraXXVI, nos. 102g, 103e), with one intrusive Roman coin (Z-2748, AgoraXXVI, variety 229, 2nd century a.d.). For other fills in Great Drain, see A-B 19-20:1, D-E 15:1. Latest
to 71, 474, 752. 700; comparanda Agora IV, p. 241; X, p. 136; XXII, pp. 101-102; XXVI, 1976, pp. 11-15. fig. 90 (selection of pottery); Kleiner H
13:1
p. 308; XXIX,
p. 455; Thompson
1940, pp.
Ca.
Well
119-121,
200-165
4.80 m deep. Five Knidian
nearer beginning the latest than end of period; amphora handles of period IV A, 188-167, in the latest handles later than the is eponym represented building fill dating slightly probably Theugenes, account of the amphoras). No Stoa (SS 10450 [KT 211]; see Grace 1985, p. 39 for a complete of the Middle has a solid stem. Probably filled in grading operations coins. Little pottery; the single unguentarium following of the Middle Stoa. completion 56.
1949, p. 224, top ("shallow well to the west of the west end of the Middle Agora XXIX, p. 455; Thompson Grace and 1970, pp. 324 (under no. E 51), 381; Grace 1985, pp. 37-39, Stoa"); Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 3. % H
14:2
Ca.
Drain
Fill in 3.00-m stretch of drain. Single coin of 307-ca. 300 (K-1654, Agora XXVI, to 640, 677. 557, 677; comparanda AgoraXIl,
p. 393; XXIX,
p. 455.
variety 50). No
stamped
amphora
325-275
handles.
DEPOSIT H
361
of
gravel
over
a cobbled
road
surface
north
of
the
Twenty stamped amphora handles, mostly of 2nd century, of period V, 146-108, one of them dating late in the period to 590. 545, 697, 790; comparanda
Southwest
House.
Fountain
the latest Knidian (SS 14474, Dionysios
naming five different eponyms II [KT 53]). No coins.
H 16:1 Dug to 6.60 m. Date based on lamps of Types man
150-100
Ca.
Strosis
14:3 Layer
SUMMARIES
52 F and 50 B (L 540
Well
Ca. 20 B.C. to a.d.
10
[Agora TV, no. 739, p. 189, pl. 51], L 567) and Early Ro
wares.
to 81, 145. 707; comparanda XXXII, forthcoming. 455; p. AgoraXXlX, H
16:3 (ds)
Cistern
system
Ca. 320-220,
(Group B)
with
four 2nd-century
fragments
1.60 and 1.40 m) and a drawshaft (Diam. at bottom (Diam. 0.90 m) system with two chambers m. two to from and blind for tunnel lead blind 2.10 2.70 tunnels, tunnels; by depth ranging Except from the at the same drawshaft contained than all later filled (which 300), ing away nothing parts apparently Extensive
connected time.
Majority of material dates after ca. 300. Later of two stampedjars a Rhodian amphora of ca. 240 (VG) /234-220, as conjectured is Philokrates, (GF) (SS 370, fabricant Zenon I). Latest of three perhaps ca. 226 if the eponym ca. coins dates later and 284-270s XXVI, (IT-304, legible Agora variety 53). Three fragments are substantially two fragments of Type (2nd century, from north chamber); may safely be regarded as intrusive: plate fragment from south chamber). More problematical is a moldmade bowl fragment attributed 27 D lamp (ca. 200-140, to the Workshop of Bion (ca. 225-175, from drawshaft or tunnel leading to north chamber). It is not men and it is possible that it found its way into the storage tray through error during the past tioned by Thompson of the amphora handle, which brings it nearly to the date 70 years; but in light of Finkielsztejn's downdating of the proposed of the bowl moldmade the fragment may in fact be part of the original sequence, beginning cistern in the the late and 220s support for the lowering of the terminal date of deposit, entering constituting the
group.
to 21, 52, 412. 11, 61, 278, 357, 374, 409, 498; comparanda Agora IV, p. 241; XII, p. 393; XXI, p. 98; XXII, pp. 102, 108-109; XXVI, p. 309; XXIX, p. 456; XXX, p. 364; of pottery); Thompson XXXII, forthcoming; 1934, pp. 330-347 (full publication 1957; Grace and Thompson Grace Pollitt 217 1970, pp. 292, 381; 1974, p. 194; 1979, p. Sawatianou-Petropoulakou (deposit XIV); Grace Lawall 447-448. 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 1987a, p. 185; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6; 2004, pp. H
16:4 (ds)
Pithos
(Group D)
Ca.
160-130
Single Knidian amphora handle of early in period V, slightly after 146 (SS 336, eponym Thalimbrotidas issue dating ca. 185-170/168 [KT 1272]). Four firmly identifiable coins, the latest Athenian (ET'-575, Agora XXVI, variety 85). There is also, however, an Eretrian coin that has been dated after ca. 146 (__T'-578, AgoraXXVI, no. 627). Many long-petal bowls. Fine ware is of unusually high quality, some pieces imitating western shapes. to 257, 468, 470, 732. 74, 131, 146, 345, 624, 630, 664, 732, 787; comparanda IV, X, XII, 241; XXI, 67; 393; XXII, 98; p. p. p. p. Agora pp. 102, 109-110; XXVI, p. 309; XXIX, p. 456; of 369-392 1934, (full 1963b, p. 317; Grace 1985, p. 37; Rotroff pp. Thompson publication pottery); Thompson 1987a, p. 188; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6. H
17:1
Ca.
Amphora
325-300
Small
B amphora of last third of 4th fragments of bone and two pots found inside bottom of Corinthian as a child's grave, but the (P 15407: Koehler 1978b, p. 190, no. 250, pl. 32). Originally century interpreted bones have now been identified by Lynn Snyder as those of a bird. to 125. Comparandum AgoraXIl,
p. 393; XXIX, H-I Destruction 12:1
p. 456. debris
To
a.d.
267, with
Burnt debris at northwest corner of Middle Stoa, inside retaining wall of terrace. Pottery with terminal date of a.d. 267 ;probably destruction debris from Herulian invasion.
later intrusions
and lamps consistent
362
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
Twelve legible coins, mostly of 1st century b.c or Roman Imperial, along with one residual coin of the 4th B.C. one and coin (Z-2950, house of Constantine). (Z-2948, [41-43]), century AgoraXXVI, variety post-Herulian A small amount of residual Hellenistic material: Koan amphora handle (SS 11174), West Slope cup (P 21463, p. 278, no. 345). AgoraXXIX, 822. Agora VI, p. 99; VII, p. 226; XXXII, H-K
Middle
12-14
Stoa building
forthcoming;
1952, p. 110.
Thompson
fill
4th century to ca. 170, with a few later Hellenistic pieces and some later disturbance
Mostly
Stoa and to south of building. handles eponym Athanodotos, running down to the term of the Rhodian stamped amphora ca. 183 (VG)/ca. 170-168 (GF), with a few later pieces clearly intrusive (see Grace 1985, p. 22 with n. 57 for identifiable issues dating ca. 185-170/168 full details). One hundred coins, the latest Athenian eighty-nine see Kleiner I for complete and varieties 303-311, XXVI, 82-85; 1975b, II, pp. deposits listing of coins), (Agora on is based of the the of the coins since the handles, chronology chronology stamped amphora though not too much weight of these dates (see Agora XXVI, pp. 49-50 with should be placed on the coincidence n. 70, for the role of the Middle Stoa building fill in the development of the coin chronology). There is also a Koan coin currently dated ca. 190-146 bowls; (K-1422, Agora XXVI, no. 958a). Many fragments of moldmade stems. first Hellenistic material includes five handles of with solid Late many unguentaria stamped amphora half of 1st century (see Grace 1985, p. 22, n. 57), fragments of long-petal bowls (e.g., P 21048, P 21049, P 22858, no. 888). Occasional disturbances of Roman, Byz P 24819), and a lst-century lamp (L 5065, Agora IV, p. 220, Fill within
Ca.
foundations
of Middle
1,500
and
antine,
later
date.
337, 338, 384, 404, 422, 424, 428, 429, 432, 433, 436, 444-447, to 379, 426, 487, 581, 728, 769. 767, 769, 770, 771; comparanda
455-457,
473, 505, 521, 536, 542, 753, 764,
Agora IV, pp. 241-242; VIII, p. 129; XII, p. 393; XIV, pp. 66-68; XXII, p. 102; XXIII, p. 333; XXVI, pp. 309-310; XXIX, p. 457; XXX, p. 364; Grace 1956a, pp. 97, 109, nos. 9-11; Edwards 1957, pp. 341, 346, under nos. 17, 381, 382; Kleiner 1970, pp. 290-291, 1963b, p. 317; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 42, 44; Thompson Grace Rotroff Kleiner 303-311 1988; 1985; 1987a, p. 187; Rotroff 1976, pp. 29, 32; 1975b, pp. (deposits I, II); 280. 1995, p. 1989, p. 69; Finkielsztejn Grandjouan Ca.
Pithos
114:2
175-150
Stoa. of Middle filled during last stages of grading area after construction no. + bowl of 23095 XXII, 85, 23766, Agora 344). No (P p. long-petal Early variety Pithos
independently
datable
material.
to 729. Comparandum Agora XXII, p. 102; XXIX,
p. 457; Grace
1985, pp. 21-24;
Rotroff I 16:5
1988. Drawshaft with
Depth some
0.90 m. Drawshaft
3.25 m; Diam.
Roman
pottery;
another
tunnel
connected
to west
left
to Roman
well
Ca. 150 to early 1st century,
Roman
I 16:1 by tunnel
and
Byzantine
to east, which
intrusions
contained
undug.
One stamped amphora handle, Knidian of the term of Dionysios II, dating late in period V, a little before no. second half of 2nd century to 108 (SS 366 [KT 926], Grace 1934, p. 274, 218). No coins. Pottery mostly one and sherds found throughout, possible fragment of ESB. early 1st century, but Byzantine 515,616. Agora IV, p. 242; XXI,
p. 98; XXII,
p. 103. 117:5
Drawshaft
3rd century, with
three
later pieces
two m. Part of extensive system, with at least one chamber, three drawshafts, and Depth 1.60 m; Diam. 0.92 Roman Hellenistic and blind tunnels; the other parts filled at various times in Late Early periods. Most pottery is 3rd century, with three later pieces: two Late Hellenistic (Type 37 A lamp [L 599, Agora IV, [SS 349, KT 2387, Grace 1934, p. 286, no. 257]), one Roman p. 118, no. 494], late Knidian amphora handle coins. (lamp fragment). No identifiable to 642. 136; comparandum Agora XXIX,
p. 457.
DEPOSIT I-O 15:1 See M-N
363
SUMMARIES
15:1 Ca. 115-75
Well
J 2:1
Shallow (3.50 m) well containing mostly broken roof tiles and fragments of transport amphoras, including the latter dating in period VI B, three stamped amphora handles and one nearly complete Knidian amphora, 97-88 [KT 480 + 1508]). No coins. Possibly Sullan debris, but a thin-walled-ware (P 31395, eponym Aristainos 1973, p. 267, no. 71, pis. 7, 59) indicates discard did not take fragment of Cosa Form VII (cf. Marabini Moevs ca. 75 or later. place until to 472, 511. 706, 802; comparanda Crossroads Well J 5:1
13.40 m deep. Byzantine and grouped as follows. Lower
accumulation
and
Lower
accumulation
Upper
accumulation
fill in uppermost POU
(levels
V-IX,
part 9.40-13.40
Ca.
275-150
(level I). Fill dug m).
Late 5th century to ca. 300 POU Ca. 300-275
and POU
in nine
Fragmentary
levels that can be dated
arbitrary to
late-5th-
early-4th-century
mate
as level (VIII) contains a few water jugs, suggesting well was functioning rial at bottom (IX). Mid-4th-century a water source; amphora handle of ca. 350-340 (SS 14770). Above this a level (VII) with many complete pots, of complete pots with amphora handle of ca. 340 (SS 14771; see Grace 1985, pp. 19-20, n. 48). Accumulation to level V, dating largely to the last quarter of 4th century, with four later fragments continues (first half of 3rd century).
to 6, 125. 4; comparanda POU (level IV, 8.95-9.40 m). Parts of 13 water jugs and to 2, 5, 13. 291; comparanda
little other pottery.
In level III, Upper accumulation (levels II, III, 5.70-8.95 m). Smaller amounts of pottery, more fragmentary. three coins of Antigonos tablets 277-239 Gonatas, BT-854, (BT-852, BT-855); cavalry dating dating as late as ca. two of date In level of handles first 275-225. II, 240/225; suggested span quarter of 2nd century, amphora before ca. 188 (SS 14759, SS 14763, Knidian eponyms Poliouches [KT 955, period III] and Kal() [KT 1410]), a few fragments of moldmade intruded bowls; pottery largely first half of 2nd century. A few Byzantine fragments from level I above. to 85, 243, 268. Comparanda to 414, 422. depth: comparandum Shear 1973, pp. 130-134; Kroll 1977a; Kroll p. 243; XXIX, p. 458; AgoraXXVIII, Rotroff 1987, pp. 267-272; 1990, p. 176, pi. 24:1; Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. From unknown
K7:l
Fill
1977b; Houser
Ca.
275-190
Fill north of Temple of Ares. Latest of the 37 stamped amphora handles name the Rhodian eponym Agloumbrotos 197 [GF]) and the Rhodian fabricants Aristion [VG]/ca. [VG]/ca. (SS 4511, ca. 210-199 Damokrates I (SS 4475, late 3rd century to ca. 190 [VG]/ca. 199-172/170 [GF]). Comparanda
Agora XXI, Petropoulakou K14:l Contents AgoraXll,
to 602,
1982; Houser
(SS 4494, ca. 211 198-187 [GF]) and
814.
p. 43, no. F 201, pi. 20 (West Slope fragment from fill); XXIX, 1970, p. 302 (under no. E 1, cited as K 6-7:1).
p. 459; Grace
Pit
and Sawatianou
Modern
to Turkish; probably the ranging from Mycenaean dump of an antiquities p. 394; XXIII, p. 333; XXIX, p. 459; XXX, p. 364; Ure 1962. K 18:2
Cistern
Ca. 260-180,
dealer.
with a few later fragments
Depth 2.75 m; Diam. at bottom 3.75 m. Latest of 13 stamped amphora handles isRhodian of ca. 199 (VG)/ca. 187 (GF) (SS 7085, eponym Kratidas). Latest of 12 legible coins dates ca. 196-190 no. (Y-186, Agora XXVI, (two Late 79g). Three intrusive fragments one Early Roman). the amphora handle requires Hellenistic, bowls, although Fragments of only two moldmade a closing date at which their was well established. production
364
DEPOSIT
108, 420, 693. Agora XXVI, p. 311; XXIX, p. 460; Grace 1963b, pp. 301, 317; Rotroff 1987a, p. 191. K-L
Drain
18-20:1
West
SUMMARIES
1956a, pp. 95,
branch
107-108,
Mainly
East
branch
nos.
1-6 and p. 108, no.
1; Thompson
ca. 300-250, with two intrusive Late Hellenistic fragments Same, but with larger disturbance
of four amphora handles, Single legible coin of 307-ca. 300 (AA-37, Agora XXVI, variety 50). A miscellany none later than early 3rd century; probably the latest is Corinthian B (SS 9543), late 4th century or first third intrusions in west branch of drain. Larger of 3rd century. Type 29 A lamp (L 3979). Two late-2nd- to lst-century in east branch: at least seven 2nd-century intrusive element fragments and a Roman lamp (e.g., P 31863 [Agora no. 1608], P 16643 no. 7]). XXIX, pp. 412-413, [Agora XXII, p. 45, to 68 (east branch). to 41, 717 (west branch). Comparandum 551, 575; comparanda Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XVII). XXXII, XXIX, XXX, 364; 394; 460; p. p. p. forthcoming; AgoraXIl, L 17:7
Ca.
Cistern
310-210
1.12 m. of ca. 240-225 after ca. 219 and ca. 225 the latest Rhodian (VG)/slightly stamped amphora handles, not and perhaps Pausanias I [reading certain, neck and handles]). (GF) (SS 14279, SS 14282, eponyms Aglokritos coins dates in 280s or 270s (0-343, Agora XXVI, variety 52, 53, or 54). Fragment of Latest of two identifiable 2.00 m; Diam.
Depth Seven
at bottom
bowl.
moldmade 413.
p. 394; XXII,
AgoraXIl, L-M
19:1
p. 103; XXVI,
West
Tunnel
p. 460; Pollitt
p. 311; XXIX,
1979, p. 221
(deposit XXXI).
To ca. 250 end East end 3rd to early 2nd century,
disturbed
filled in the 3rd century. Top of tunnel cut leading west from cistern M 19:2, which was probably away by later building. later than the second datable material. West end. No independently nothing Pottery (lot X 165) contained quarter of the 3rd century. East end. Possibly disturbed. Three stamped amphora handles of last quarter of 3rd century, the latest (SS 9662) 199 (GF). Later the Rhodian II, late in period II, shortly before ca. 205 (VG)/ca. eponym Pausanias naming of two firmly identified coins dates in second quarter of 3rd century (X-215, Agora XXVI, variety 644). Pottery bowls and other material dating as late as the early (lot X 164) includes many small fragments of moldmade a semiglazed echinus bowl possibly of and 2nd century, along with a possible fragment of Pergamene sigillata Tunnel
the
1st century.
M17:1 Well Well
(Group M)
35.40 m deep. Layer
Layer
Mid-lst
I (POU)
I lies in lowest 1.20 m, with accumulation
a.d.
century of 1st to 6th century
and Byzantine
dump
above.
Date based on fine pottery. mixing with upper levels. to
Comparandum
Presence
of 2nd-century
M18:2
Fill
variety 198) suggests
(0-252, AgoraXXVI,
some
145.
IV, p. 242; V, pp. 82-87 (full publication Kroll 1973, pp. 325-326. forthcoming; Agora
a.d. coin
of pottery);
VII, p. 226; XXI,
p. 99; XXVI,
Ca.
p. 312; XXXII,
115-90
Fill in an irregular hollow. Knidian of second half of 2nd century to early 1st century, the latest Thirteen stamped amphora handles, all III [KT 1488]). term of Dionysios so near beginning VI of B, shortly after 97 (SS 6998, duoviri of period dating ca. 140-90 dates coin (0-158, Agora XXVI, variety 108?). possibly Only legible 838. 1965, pp. 63-66, 71; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 192-193. AgoraX, p. 137; XXIII, p. 333; XXIX, p. 461; Thompson
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT M
Drain
18:5
in a narrow
Fill
No
trench?
trench,
independently
Ca.
perhaps
365
325-300 of
a robbed-out
drain.
datable material.
493. AgoraXIl, M
p. 394; XXIX,
p. 461; Pollitt
1979, p. 218
(deposit XVIII). Ca.
Well
18:10
225-165
8.60 m.
Depth Latest
of ca. 183 (VG)/ca. 170-168 is Rhodian of 14 stamped amphora handles (GF) (SS 14296, eponym ca. 240 (0-333, 0-332, Agora XXVI, variety 507 or 508, two before Three coins, Athanodotos). dating legible have no. 901), but one probable Athenian imperial from upper part of fill (0-331). Majority of unguentaria solid
stems.
to 473, 728. 122, 176, 219, 242, 299, 393, 562, 651; comparandum XXIX, p. 461; Thompson 312; XXVI, XXI, XXII, 103; 395; 99; p. p. p. p. AgoraXIl, 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 191. Lower
Cistern M20:1
(POU)
and middle
fill (ds)
fill
Upper
m. Small use fill in lowest 0.20 m, Depth 2.65 m; Diam. at bottom 2.92 m. fill in top 2.0 (middle fill). Upper Lower fill. Fragments of at least six water jugs suggest fill accumulated but pottery closely similar to that in middle fill. material, 94,272,371. Middle fill. Twenty-three amphora stamps, nine Knidian of period VIB, the end of the period, ca. 90-88 (SS 6791, SS 6794, SS 6802, SS 6795, SS and Pisinos). Latest of eight coins dates 130-90 Hermon, (X-66, Agora
1963b, p. 317; Thompson
Ca. 115-86 Late Hellenistic
with Roman
fill rich in pottery
with dumped during
mixed
use. No
independently
above datable
including six handles dating very near 6808, SS 6799, eponyms Andromenes, XXVI, variety 99). Sullan destruction
debris.
50, 99, 129, 132, 134, 139, 165, 179, 180, 191, 193, 194, 260, 265, 276, 301, 323, 325, 347, 355, 362, 385, 406, to 144, 540. 525, 570, 573, 618, 623, 673, 683, 686, 689, 702, 712, 789, 846, 847; comparanda Late Hellenistic mixed with Roman of centuries. The lower part of this fill (1.20 2nd-3rd pottery Upper fill. stucco considerable Hellenistic with 2.00 m) contained pottery, along fragments seemingly matching material from the middle considerable mixing between the two. Two stamped amphora handles, one a fill, suggesting late Knidian two Roman,
of the post-Sullan 1st century (SS 8280 [KT 2540]). Nine legible coins: one Turkish, and five Greek, including one of 87/86 B.C. (X-51, Agora XXVI, variety 97).
one Byzantine,
482, 698. Grace 1956a, pp. 95, Agora IV, p. 242; V, p. 125; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 103; XXIX, p. 461; XXXII, forthcoming; 109, no. 4; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 321, 331 (under no. E 81), 381; Rotroff 2000a (full of pottery in lower and middle fills). publication M20:4 Well Lower fill
Ca.
to 8.00 m. Turkish
fill in upper 3.00 m. type. No partial stamped jar of unidentified 208, 240, 294, 302, 317, 684, 723. p. 461. AgoraXXlX,
Dug One
M 21:1 Depth
225-175
(ds)
Komos
6.50 m; Diam.
Cistern at bottom
coins. Type 43 B lamp
(L 3215).
Pottery
largely coarse.
Ca. 250-170 3.30 m. Joined
by tunnel
to a drawshaft;
4.00 m of collapsed
bedrock
at bot
tom.
Latest of 32 amphora of ca. 186 (VG)/ca. 175-173 (GF) (SS 10286, eponym Kallikrati stamps is Rhodian das II). Hoard or lost purse of eight silver Histiaian tetrobols (AA-72, AA-90-AA-96, Agora XXVI, nos. 632a-h). a to series issued to from the late 3rd 146, but on the basis of the issues present and their They belong century P. W. Wallace estimated the date of as of these wear, after 170, say deposit particular specimens "considerably 160-150" The 11 other identified coins date in the 180s or earlier (latest issue is (Agora XXVI, p. 213). firmly
366
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
[AA-84, AA-98]; note that Agora XXVI, p. 312, mistakenly gives the latest issues variety 82, dating 185-170/168 as as variety 78-80, although to the coins the Zeus the series). Although identifying belonging Fulminating account is sketchy, the dates on which the Histiaian coins were found suggest they came from near notebook the top, and they may have been buried later than the bulk of the deposit. Itmay be, however, that Wallace's into the collapsed cistern. is a shade low, and the purse was lost as the dump was being introduced estimate terracotta of of manufacturer and from Bion, pottery figurines, including fragments of over Workshop Dump 180 moldmade have solid stems. Fine pottery closely paralleled by that bowls. About a third of the unguentaria in N 21:4 and P 21:4. 383, 431, 434, 435, 487, 503, 520, 548, 564, 215, 237, 241, 256, 262, 266, 379-381, 16, 66,107,169,171,195, to 107, 240, 565, 599, 600, 649, 650, 656, 658, 668, 679, 696, 711, 719, 726, 728, 737, 744, 834, 845; comparanda 241. p. 103; XXVI, p. 312; XXIX, and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou
Agora IV, p. 242; V, p. 125; XII, p. 395; XXI, p. 99; XXII, 1963a, pp. 276-291; Grace 1948, pp. 160-161; Thompson 1987a, p. 186; Rotroff 2005, pp. 17-20. M 23:1 Depth
Ca.
Cistern 4.00 m, Diam
at bottom
2.80 m. Two tunnels,
one
leading
to another
pp. 461-462; Thompson 1970, p. 381; Rotroff
100-50
chamber
that was almost without
finds.
of 10 stamped amphora handles are Knidian of period VI C, 85-78(?) (SS 3196, SS 3199, eponyms the latest (AP-33) a worn II Five identified II Damokritos coins, [KT [KT 1551], 2202]). firmly Apollonidas to of the to correction mid-80s 70s of struck (note Agora XXII); recognition Agora XXVI, variety 131, example a date. of the of this coin suggests presence lowering deposit to 71, 508. 49, 246, 261, 273, 280, 281, 508, 513, 522, 540, 606; comparanda Grace 1962, XXXII, XXIX, 462; 104; p. 126; Grace and Sawatianou-Petro p. forthcoming; Agora XXII, p. no. E Grace 192-194. 333-334 1973, 381; 1970, 96), (under pp. pp. poulakou Latest
M-N
15:1
I-O 15:1
South
Stoa II building
Stratigraphy
within
fill
South
Classical Stoa II
Classical
to ca. 150, with much Classical and later intrusions material to ca. 140, with some Late Hellenistic
The stratigraphy of South Stoa II has yet to be studied the building. At the present time, neither the construction to be
considerable
intrusive
material
intrusions
of in detail, a project that must await the publication date of the building nor the nature of what appears
is clear.
in Agora XXIX, p. 462: 15:1. The various sections of this fill have been discussed to the date of the construc of which back wall Fill in trench behind Stoa, (1) provides the best clue footing were analyzed. Most date from this tion of the building. area, handles, apparently mostly Fifty-nine amphora in the first decade of the 2nd century or earlier; the latest are two Knidians of period IVA, 188-167 (SS 12190, I [KT 1215], Sokrates [KT 1455]). The latest of nine identified coins is apparently SS 12625, eponyms Epinikidas it actually comes from T-l 194 (Agora XXVI, no. 88c), dating in the 140s, but there is some doubt about whether this fill. For the coins, see Kleiner 1975b, p. 319 (deposit VI). One possible fragment of a long-petal bowl. to 752. Comparandum of South Stoa I (note that coin T-l 377, originally identified as Agora XXVI, variety 105, Destruction debris (2) see Agora XXVI, p. 76, no. lOle). to variety 101, dating 166-150s; as belonging ca. 140-90, is now recognized No For analysis of 66 coins, see Kleiner VII). 1975b, pp. 320-323 long-petal bowls. (deposit see Kleiner 323-324 I. For Stoa South floors of Latest coins, 1975b, pp. (deposit VIII). No long-petal (3) M-N
bowls.
was completed, but with (4) Fill of terrace south of Stoa, thrown in to bring up the level after construction lots. in undisturbed bowls No Coins not included in Kleiner's much disturbance. long-petal study. to 490. 442, 485, 496, 497; comparandum to 654. area: comparandum From disturbed trenches within the build I-O 15:1. Five trenches dug at intervals across Stoa, as well as two small exploratory contexts are: a.d. The relevant to 4th from Hellenistic various from the century layers ranges ing. Pottery 22 ca. 140-90 of coin identifiable fill. XXVI, Construction (MI-294, Agora variety 108). Among (1) Single SS 146 after are two of Knidian 6585, latest the 6579, V, (SS eponyms slightly period stamped amphora handles, in a trench ca. 15 m east of the west end of the I [KT 971], found together II [KT 122], Diokles Philippos fill. Two account Notebook suggests these might come from floor levels rather than construction building).
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
367
a few fragments of later pottery lots contained 1st century, one Mottled (two semiglazed bowls, late 2nd/early Oliver lid, 1st century); these and one other lot contained bowls. long-petal to 344. 449, 492; comparandum a stone drain. (2) Pottery from trench along inner edge of back wall of Stoa, at some points containing Latest of 21 amphora handles date in third quarter of 2nd century 145 (VG)/ca. (GF) (SS 14594, Rhodian and Knidian 108 in before late II Knidian (SS 14421, eponym Timodikos) eponym Dionysios period V, shortly was some to be the areas the latter with intrusive that in material recovered [KT 972]), later, possibly grouped (T-1532, Agora XXVI, variety 82, also included in (e.g., ESA plate, P 27615). One coin dating ca. 185-170/168 the 94 coins from M-N 15:1 listed by Kroll in Agora XXVI). Agora XIV, p. 68; XXII, p. 104; XXIII, p. 334; XXV, p. 164; XXVI, pp. 312-313; XXIX, pp. 462-463; XXX, 1963b, p. 317; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, p. 382; p. 365; XXXII, forthcoming; Thompson Kleiner 1975b, pp. 319-325 (deposits VI-VIII); Kleiner 1976, pp. 29, 32; Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (deposit XXXII); Rotroff 1987a, p. 188; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. M-N
18:1
Depth M 18:9.
Drawshaft Ca. 4.50 m; Diam.
100-50
1.10 m. Connected
by tunnel
to N
18:3. Wall
broken
by diggers
of Byzantine
well
legible coin dates to late 3rd or early 2nd century (X-136, Agora XXVI, variety 595). No stamped am Date based on lamps (L 2790, L 2756, Types 51 B, 54 A) and fine ware (ESA, thin-walled ware). handles. phora Small amount of Byzantine disturbance, probably from well M 18:9. to 732. 607; comparanda 449, Agora XXII, p. 104; XXIX, p. 463. Only
N 10:2
Fill
Ca.
250-210
Fill in a footing
trench. or Many complete transport amphoras, nearly complete including 29 stamps, with many naming Rhodian ca. of 240-225 234-220 (VG)/ca. eponyms (GF) (Daemon, Kallikrates I, Kallikratidas I, Pausanias I), period Ha, and two naming eponyms that Finkielsztejn has placed in his period lib, ca. 219-213 (Sochares [SS 3784+3811], of coarse pottery; the few fine-ware fragments are consistent [SS 3786]). No coins. Large collection Aglokritos with a 3rd-century date, except for a small fragment of a black gloss plate possibly of the 2nd century. to 41, 373, 574; comparanda 186, 600, 642. Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 358, 381; Lawall et al. 2001, p. 176. N 18:3
Cistern
ca. 225-190
Mostly
3.40 m; Diam. at bottom 2.00 m. Connected 18:1. by tunnel to M-N of six identifiable coins dates ca. 196-190 (X-101, Agora XXVI, no. 79h). Only stamped amphora handle dates ca. 240-225 222-217 fabricant Xenotimos). (VG)/ca. (GF) (SS 6914, Rhodian Fragments of five moldmade bowls. Fine wares show close similarities to pottery from E 14:1, E 14:6, F 17:4, G 14:2 (middle fill), H 19:1, N 21:4. Depth Latest
65,105,112,330,494. Agora TV, p. 242; X, pp. 68, 138; XII, p.
246,
n.
p. 395; XXII,
p. 104; XXVI,
p. 313; XXIX,
p. 463; Thompson
1962,
10.
Cistern
N 19:1
Depth 5.15 m; Diam. at bottom in lowest 0.05-0.10 m. In notebook
Lower fill Middle fill (ds) Ca. 125-86 fill Upper (Group F) (ds)
Ca. 350-275, Ca.
with one
later fragment
110 B.C. to a.d. 20
3.20 m. Connected (N 18:1). Small deposit by tunnel to another chamber account, only the upper 2.15 m listed as upper fill; subsequently, following as Roger Edwards's analysis of pottery joins, the upper fill was recognized reaching to a depth of 3.90 m. Rob inson followed this revision in his publication of Group F in AgoraV. Kroll's listing of the coins (Agora XXVI, so the numbers of coins he lists do not agree with the however, uses the notebook account, pp. 313-314), numbers here, which follow the revised fill definitions. Lower fill. No independently datable material. Intrusive fragment of late 2nd or early 1st century. Middle fill. Later of two legible coins dates to 87/86 (X-191, Agora XXVI, variety 97). Latest of three amphora handles is Knidian of period VI B, 97-88 II [KT 1600]). (SS 7313, eponym Euphragoras
368
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
77, 82. (SS 6789 + 7220, eponym Agias Upper fill. Latest of 13 stamped amphora handles date in period VI B, 97-88 II [KT 1048 + 1599]), SS 7162, eponym Pisinos II [KT 1140 +1545], SS 6810 and SS 7368, eponym Euphragoras mixture with Sullan destruction debris of middle fill. Sixteen legible coins, including [KT 644]), demonstrating two of 87/86 but also four Augustan coins (X-31, X-32, X-44, X-30, Agora (X-42, X-84, Agora XXVI, variety 97), ca. or a fragment of an ESB plate, which and the latest 157 15-10, XXVI, varieties 147, 151, 152, 158), dating the terminal date (P 11848, AgoraV, p. 12, no. F 15). provides 100, 140, 144, 153, 154, 162, 168, 290, 316, 318(?), 322, 326(?), 354, 519, 534, 547, 572, 592(?), 612, 632, to 77, 81, 190, 282, 290, 316, 355, 371, 534, 588, 606, 608, 657, 788. 653(?), 667, 674, 688(?), 704; comparanda were was not noted by excavator, but they appear in later lists of at found which objects questioned (Depth from material upper fill.) Agora IV, pp. 242-243; V, pp. 10-21, 126 (selection of pottery from upper fill); VII, p. 227; XII, p. 395; XXI, 1963b, p. 317; Thompson p. 99; XXII, p. 104; XXVI, pp. 313-314; XXIX, pp. 463-464; XXXII, forthcoming; Price 1964, pp. 32-33 1966b, p. 267; Grace and Sav 1965, pp. 66-68, 71; Thompson (deposit III); Thompson 1970, pp. 331 (under no. E 82), 357 (under no. E 223), 381; Hayes 1973, p. 425; Rotroff vatianou-Petropoulakou 1987a, pp. 191-192; Hayes 1996, p. 12; Rotroff 1997b, pp. 106-107. fill
Well N 19:2Lower
to mid-2nd
18 m deep, with use fill of mid-lst
to mid-2nd
century
two Late Roman
dumped
Mid-lst
(POU) a.d.
century
in lowest 7.50 m;
a.d. fills
above.
Agora IV, p. 243; V, p. 126; VII, p. 227; XXXII,
forthcoming. fill
Bottom Well N20:1
21.50 m deep. Use fill in lowest 2.50 m. Three mixed Agora XXXII, forthcoming. N 20:4
and Roman
Hellenistic
Ca.
Cistern
Mask
(ds)
half of 1st century
First
(POU)
a.d.
fills above.
110-50, with
two Roman
intrusions
contem at bottom ca. 3.00 m. Four fills distinguished by type of earth, but apparently Depth 5.95 m; Diam. m. 1.10 in Turkish disturbance upper porary. of the 26 coins date to 87/86 Much Sullan material. Thirteen (Agora XXVI, variety 97). Stamped handles ca. 88 (SS 7916, a and neck VI of five of 10 jars; B, including fragmentary jar of the eponym Hermon, period 115 and varieties 80s in the later + struck coins Two 1158 SS 7918 7929 [KT (Q-140, ft-164, Agora XXVI, +1531]). are water intrusive. micaceous of Two date. indicate jar [127, 128]) large fragments post-Sullan deposit to 480. 83, 166, 206, 321, 478, 523, 526, 531, 571, 661, 687, 691, 703, 735; comparandum Price Agora IV, p. 243; V, p. 126; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 104; XXVI, p. 314; XXIX, p. 464; XXXII, forthcoming; and Grace 1970, 1966b, pp. 252-259; 1964, pp. 32-33 Sawatianou-Petropoulakou (deposit I); Thompson 1975a, pp. 183-186; Rotroff 1987a, p. 193. pp. 336 (under no. E 106), 350 (under no. E 183), 381; Kleiner Cistern N 20:6 Depth
3.55
m;
Diam.
at bottom
2.75
Lower fill
(POU) Ca. 225-180
m.
with
Cistern
tunnel.
Use
fill
in lowest
ca.
0.50-1.00
with upper fill. as use fill. Latest of three coins dates identify lowest deposit Many water jugs at bottom and one lagynos handle, not handles no. Three 78b). stamped amphora Agora XXVI, ca. 200. Fragments of at least nine moldmade not than later bowls; unguentaria probably Similarities with pottery in E 14:1, F 17:4, G 14:2 (middle fill), and N 21:4. to 107, 433. pp. 104-105;
577, 833; comparanda Agora IV, p. 243; XXII,
drawshaft,
at bottom
4.60 m; Diam. and
in connecting
p. 314; XXIX,
Lower fill
Cistern N20:7 Depth
XXVI,
2.73 m. Cistern
p.464; Grandjouan
with
drawshaft.
Turkish
contemporary
ca. 196-185
(?2-359, closely datable, but with hollow stems.
1989, p. 70.
Ca. 225-160,
(ds)
m,
with Turkish
fill in upper
disturbance
2.70 m of cistern,
tunnel.
164-162 of ca. 175 (VG)/ca. is Rhodian of nine stamped amphora handles (GF) (SS 7898, eponym and 101 (166-150s) 81 as varieties identified coins Two 196-185) XXVI, (ca. Agora tentatively Xenophon). a date as early as is consistent Class M the of bowls moldmade of Absence suggests Monogram (?M30, ?M25). Latest
with
the latest stamped
amphora.
in
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
369
to 70, 188, 303, 624, 634, 635. 286, 305, 370, 439, 604, 611, 672, 741; comparanda 1989, p. 70. Agora IV, p. 243; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 105; XXIX, pp. 464-465; Grandjouan N 21:1 26.50 m deep, 149.
Well Bottom 1st
a.d. deposit
lst-century
at bottom,
AgoraV, p. 126; VII, p. 227; XII, p. 395; XXX, lakou 1970, pp. 333 (under no. E 96), 381. N 21:4
Satyr Cistern
century
Lower Middle
a.d.
overlaid
p. 365; XXXII,
by accumulation
Grace
forthcoming;
fill (ds) Ca. 250-210 fill
of 2nd century
Ca.
and Sawatianou-Petropou
225-170 1st century, with
Upper fill
to Late Roman.
earlier material
Depth 5.50 m; Diam. at bottom 2.65 m. Cistern with two tunnels. Lower two fills are potter's dumps. Three fills not distinguished in the course of digging but were recognized when the pottery was spread out for mend a amount There been have certain of of the at this it has been stored may ing. pottery resorting point, although to excavation to basket of coins number. the fills is according Assignment appropriate particularly difficult. Kroll's assignment listmade by the excavator (Agora XXVI, p. 314) is based on a notebook (Eugene Vanderpool, who expresses the thought that others who study the cistern will probably want to rearrange it). It differs from ca. 1.50 m and fill in uppermost my list (which is based on the baskets in which the coins were found). Upper in a passage
leading
from
away
the
neck.
Lower fill. Latest of nine stamped amphora handles isRhodian preserving neck and both handles and dating ca. 217 (VG)/ca. 211 or later is cor that this handle (GF) (SS 8934, eponym Xenostratos). slightly Assuming to the attributed lower date at that fill to the continue least fill, Finkielsztejn's 210, despite the rectly requires small number of moldmade bowls. Seven coins tentatively identified. Five date in late 4th or early 3rd century, but two are much later, possibly intrusive from middle fill: EE-97, New Style coin of Agora XXVI, variety 82 (ca. and EE-89, another possibly New Style bronze, though too badly corroded for a definite identi 185-170/168); fication. These certainly date later than the bulk of the pottery, which included typical 3rd-century shapes and bowls. only two fragments of moldmade 37, 63,103,104,115, dum to 63, 828.
235, 236, 253, 293, 314, 329, 359, 419,443,
504, 532, 614, 634, 642, 663, 836; comparan
Middle fill. Nine legible coins dug with this fill, four of them probably actually from the upper fill (see below). Latest of the remaining five is a Fulminating Zeus coin of uncertain issue, dating to ca. 185 or later (EE-75). Three stamped amphora handles, the most closely datable a Rhodian neck and handles in term of Kallikrates I, of span (GF) (SS 8933). (VG)/ca. 234-220, perhaps near beginning dating in Rhodian period Ha, ca. 240-225 bowls and two molds. Dump from Workshop of Bion, with many similarities to Fragments of 26 moldmade are material from M 21:1, suggesting they closely contemporary. 416, 695. Upper fill. Four coins dug with uppermost in the 1st century, the latest to the mid-20s-19 First-century 315, 426.
pottery mixed
with pottery
of middle fill probably come from the upper fill; all date (EE-73, Agora XXVI, variety 152). No stamped amphora handles. similar to that in middle fill. baskets
Agora IV, p. 243; XII, p. 395; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 105; XXVI, p. 314; XXIX, p. 465; XXX, 1962; Grace 1963, pp. 325-326; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou forthcoming; Thompson Rotroff 1987a, pp. 185-186; Rotroff 1990, p. 177, pl. 24:3; Rotroff 1994c (selection of pottery). O 16:3 POU Well and dump Depth 9.00 m. Almost all for two nearly whole pots at Many water jugs identify 200-188 (SS 14082). Three Fine
made
ware
moves
terminal
of pottery concentrated a depth of 4.00 m.
Ca. 210-160,
in lowest 1.40 m, a use fill. Above
lowest part of deposit as a use fill. Complete legible coins, the latest dating ca. 196-185
date
into
second
quarter
bowl of Class 1). Small fragment of Roman disturbance (T 3503, Agora VI, p. 71, no. 886). 27, 38, 54, 70, 76, 85, 440, 533. Agora XXII, p. 105; XXIX, p. 465.
of
century:
terracotta
e.g.,
one Roman
fragment
this little pottery,
except
Koan
ca. amphora naming Dionysios, (T-1508, Agora XXVI, variety [78-80]).
P 25444
plaque
p. 365; XXXII, 1970, p. 381;
found
(Agora
XXII,
in upper
p.
61,
4.00 m
no.
145, mold
indicates
some
370
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES O 17:5
One
or
two Roman
stamped
pieces
amphora
pieces.
to 81. 81, 405, 472, 499; comparandum Agora XXII, p. 105; XXIX, p. 465; Thompson O
Ca. 115-86, with a few Roman
ca. 2.50 m; Diam. at bottom 1.70 m. Connected by tunnel with O 17:6. the latest (0-339, O-340, Agora XXVI, variety 97). No legible coins, dating 87/86
Depth Three handles.
Cistern
18:2 (ds)
1963b, p. 317; Rotroff
Ca. 350-320,
Well
Hedgehog
1987a, p. 192. with one 2nd-century
intrusion
Depth 6.25 m. Most closely datable of three amphora stamps is on a nearly complete Thasian jar naming the eponym Nikias, ca. 340 (Grace 1956b, p. 124, n. 8, pi. 60:4, 4a)/342-330 (Histria VIII.l). No coins. One intrusive 2nd-century fragment.
to 1, 6, 198. Comparanda Agora IV, p. 243; X, p. 68; XII, p. 396; XXIX, p. 466; XXX, p. 365; Thompson of pottery, pi. 24); Grace 1979b, p. 126, under no. 2; Rotroff 1983, p. 263; Rotroff 2004, pp. 447-448. O 20:1 Cistern
Lower
fill
1954, pp. 72-87 (selection 1987a, pp. 184-185; Lawall
(POU) Ca. 300-190
to O 20:2 and O 20:3. Small amount of fill in lowest Depth 4.97 m; Diam. at bottom 2.90 m. Connected fill above. 0.12 m, with Roman and then modern ca. 211 (VG)/ca. Two fragmentary water jugs suggest this is a use fill. Single Rhodian amphora handle of two No moldmade bowls. coins. Little with of 197 (GF) (SS 8074, eponym Agloumbrotos). pottery, fragments to 367. 57; comparandum p. 466; XXXII,
Agora VII, p. 227; XXIX,
forthcoming. Ca.
Cistern
O 20:2 Depth Latest I). No
6.85 m; Diam. of 13 stamped
coins.
at bottom amphora of
Fragments
six
6.85 m. Connected handles is Rhodian
to seven
moldmade
250-180
to O 20:1 and O 20:3. 186 (GF) (SS 8020, of ca. 198 (VG)/ca.
eponym
Hieron
bowls.
to 54. 332, 490; comparandum Agora XXII, p. 105; XXIX, p. 466. O 20:3
Well Level Level
I (POU) II (POU)
Ca.
310-250 Ca. Level
250-225 Ca. 260-200 IV Ca. 250-190
III
Level
to O 20:1 and O 20:2. Levels I and II (below 11.00 m) identified as use fill by 15.30 m. Connected Depth numerous water jugs; sealed by layer of sterile bedrock. Level III (7.25-11.00 m) and level IV (top to 7.25 m) are dumped fills. datable material. Dates Levels I and II. Many water jugs earmark these levels as use fill. No independently on
based
fine
ware.
No
moldmade
bowls.
to 2, 5, 561. 22, 24, 31, 46, 53, 58, 844; comparanda fabricant Aristokrates Level III. Later of two amphora handles II, attested (SS 8133) stamped by the Rhodian bowl One moldmade earlier. active somewhat but 196-183 for the span ca. 208-196 (GF), (VG)/ca. possibly fragment.
No
coins.
561, 579. Level TV. Later
234-218 of period Ha, ca. 240-225 is Rhodian of two stamped amphora handles (VG)/ca. bowl A few moldmade coins. No neck and Pausanias fabricant II, handle). (e.g., fragments (GF) (SS 8081, P 14166, P 20581) suggest a final date later than that of level III. 1989, p. 70; Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. Agora IV, p. 243; XII, p. 396; XXIX, pp. 466-467; Grandjouan O-R
7-10
Eleven 335-325
Building
fill of Square Peristyle
stamped amphora (Debidour)/316-293
handles.
With
(HistriaVLll.l)
To
ca. 290, with
some
later intrusions
latest firmly datable are Thasian of two exceptions (see below), (SS 11003, SS 11443, eponyms Heraklei(), Poulys, cf. EtThasW,
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
371
Poliorketes p. 205, no. 703 and p. 353, no. 1411). Twenty coins, the latest relevant issue a coin of Demetrios no. two Intrusions include handles later 300-295 504h). (IA-377, Agora XXVI, (SS 11524, a dating amphora andSS Thasian stamp naming Philonides 250 239 11496, a perhaps [Debidour]/after [HistriaVlll.l], Si(),ca. a coin of no. an early-2nd V and Chian handle of the fabricant Alkimachos), (IA-385, Agora XXVI, 513), Philip Athenian bronze coin (IA-106, Agora XXVI, variety [78-80]). century 392. Agora IV, p. 243; XII, p. 396; XIV, pp. 60-61; XXIII, (selection of pottery); XXIX, p. 467. P 6:6
p. 334; XXVI,
p. 315; XXVII,
pp.
143-153,178-185,
.Ca.
Pyre?
227
260-175
pit with sand, gravel, carbon, bones, and pottery; perhaps a pyre deposit. coin (BA-459); on basis of shape (thin and concave) may be of Agora XXVI, Single very poorly preserved or ca. No stamped amphora handles. Most closely datable objects are two 224-198. 76, variety 69, [72-74], 43 B and 46 B however, include an example of Category 5, (225-180) (225-190). The unguentaria, lamps: Type before ca. 180, urging a later date of deposit. Fragmentary fine pottery of ca. 260-225 otherwise undocumented fill rather than deposit itself. probably comes from surrounding Shallow
427, 430, 454. AgoraXXlX, P 10:1
1973, p. 141, n. 50.
p. 467; Shear Cistern
Ca.
325-285
recorded. Connected by tunnel to P 10:2. one ca. 322/317-307 (1-4650, Agora XXVI, variety 46), another of 330s-322/3l7 legible coins, dating worn. No (__-4645, variety [41-43]), very stamped amphora handles. 250, 251. Agora IV, p. 244; XII, p. 397; XXVII, p. 228; XXIX, p. 468; Edwards 1957, p. 338, under no. 5; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XXII); Lawall 2004, pp. 447-448. No measurements Three
PCistern 10:2 No measurements
Lower fill recorded.
Connected
(ds) Ca. 265-200
by tunnel
to P 10:1. Mixed
and Early Roman
Hellenistic
upper
fill. Later of two stamped amphora handles isRhodian, dating slightly after 240 (VG)/ca. 234-220, perhaps close to ca. 226 (GF) (SS 7771, eponym Philokrates). No coins. Three fragments of moldmade bowls. to 117, 504, 561. 157, 239, 598, 643; comparanda P under Edwards 10:1; XXII, p. 105; XXVII, p. 228; XXIX, p. 468; XXXII, forthcoming; p. 397, AgoraXIl, 1957,
p.
338,
P 10:3
under
no.
5.
Well
Ca.
12.45 m. Depth Covered by 4th-century handles.
Scanty
and
P
(I 6694, Agora XIX,
p. 136, no. P49). No
coins
pp.
143-153,
(ds)
185, 228
(selection
of pottery); Cistern
XXIX,
(ds)
Cistern
amphora
p. 468.
Ca. 150-110,
Depth 3.75 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 2.00 m. Cistern with two tunnels (undug). Single Knidian amphora handle of period V, dating not late in the span 146-108 kidas II [KT 428]). No legible coins. to 669. 143, 167, 244, 259, 360, 450, 468, 469, 569, 601, 837; comparanda Agora XXII, p. 106; XXIX, p. 468. P 21:4
or stamped
pottery.
fragmentary
to 126. Comparandum XXVII, 397; p. AgoraXIl, 20:2
inscription
350-315
with
a few earlier pieces
(SS 14703, eponym
Epini
Ca. 225-175
3.95 m; Diam. at bottom 2.73 m. are four dating ca. 185-170/168 Eight firmly identified coins; the latest Hellenistic (__-524, Q-529, __-536, the latest Rhodian of ca. 207 (VG) / __-541, Agora XXVI, varieties 82, 83, 85). Three stamped amphora handles, Depth
372
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
ca. 195 (GF) (SS 14736, eponym Sodamos, neck and handles) and ca. 208-196 196-183 (VG)/ca. (GF) (SS of of bowl 14744, fabricant Aristokrates II, largely complete). (P 30432), Fragment long-petal early type possibly intrusive. Two later coins are intrusive (Q-534, Agora XXVI, variety 149 or 151, heavily worn, late 1st century; or colleague, a.d. 393-395). of over 70 moldmade have ?2-527, Theodosius bowls; all unguentaria Fragments to fine ware in F 17:4, M 21:1, O 16:3. Probably a hollow stems. Similarities potter's dump. to 266, 68, 196, 216, 218, 233, 334, 535, 578, 583, 584, 617, 633, 635, 646-648, 660, 724, 725; comparanda 420, 535, 599. Agora XXII,
p. 106; XXVI,
P-R 6-12
p. 468; Shear
p. 316; XXIX,
Stoa of Attalos
1973, pp. 154-156,
fill
building
pi. 33 (selection
ca.
To
of pottery).
150, with much
early material
Latest of 135 stamped amphora handles are Knidian, naming nine eponyms of period IV B. This brings the date to at least 157, i.e., nine years into the period (Grace 1985, pp. 14-15). Note, however, that the names of some eponyms that have been placed later in the period are included the (Menippos, Kleumbrotos), bringing date close to the middle of the 2nd century. Latest of 44 coins listed by Kroll (Agora XXVI, p. 316) are seven Athenian coins of ca. 185-170/168 and a coin of the Achaian League dating (Agora XXVI, varieties 82-85), no. 746e) (see Kleiner 1975b, pp. 313-317, 191-146 for details). No long-petal bowls, but (ZA-61, AgoraXXVI, see Q 8-9, which lay under this deposit. to 268, 423, 460, 746. 425, 458, 543, 762; comparanda IV, XII, 244; 397; XIV, p. p. pp. 103-108; XXII, p. 106; XXIII, p. 335; XXVI, p. 316; XXVII, p. 228; Agora 1963b, p. 317; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou XXIX, pp. 468-469; Thompson 1950, p. 320; Thompson Kleiner 313-318 Kleiner 1975b, pp. 1970, p. 382; 1976, pp. 29, 32; Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (deposit (deposits IV,V); Rotroff 70. 1987a, p. 188; Grandjouan 1989, p. XXXIII); Fill over floor of Square Peristyle
Q 8-9
To ca.
170
One hundred I, dat twenty-two stamped amphora handles. The latest Rhodian names the eponym Hieron ca. the in 198 186 the latest of Knidian dates IV after 188 A, (SS 10831); (VG)/ca. (GF) ing early period shortly ca. 10 Latest of coins dates 196-185 [KT 10799, 1105]). (SS (SA-87, AgoraXXVI, eponym Philoph(ron) legible of many moldmade have solid stems. Four fragments bowls; some unguentaria variety [78-80]). Fragments areas (P 31696, P 20204, P 31740, Agora XXVII, of two long-petal bowls of early type, from possibly disturbed a nos. to similar in cistern P 21:4, suggesting a possible of is link One these 187-189). p. 192, closely fragment with solid stems (lacking in P 21:4) are present the debris in these two venues, although unguentaria between the two fills are similar to Middle Stoa building fill (H-K 12-14), suggesting here. In character and contents, about
contemporary.
to 426. 438; comparandum to amphora data); XXVII, pp. 153-165, 106 189-199, 229 (selection (note correction Agora XXII, p. Grace Grace and 1985, p. 23, n. 60. 1970, p. 381; tery); XXIX, p. 469; Sawatianou-Petropoulakou Ca.
Fill
Q9:4
of pot
250-150
of south stylobate of Square Peristyle. Joins with material from build Fill in plundered trench for foundation of fill of Stoa Attalos. ing Ten stamped amphora handles, mostly of Knidian period IVA, but one of period IV B, dating ca. mid-2nd with [KT 832]). No legible coins. The bulk of material contemporary century (SS 13233, eponym Kleumbrotos in at the that inQ 8-9 (fill over the floor of the Square Peristyle) but with intrusive fragments probably mixed time
of
the
construction
of
the
Stoa
of Attalos.
to 649. 319, 437; comparandum XXVII, 153-165, 199-201, pp. Agora Cistern Q9-10:1 Cistern southern
system with
230
of pottery);
(selection
Ca. 350-290,
system two drawshafts
connected
by a tunnel,
amphora
with
with
later intrusion tunnel
another
running
in south chamber westward
from
shaft.
use by construction of Square Peristyle System put out of noted material Hellenistic later Some pottery. 4th-century perhaps
p. 469.
XXIX,
entered
chamber
at
time
of
construction
of
Stoa
in the very early 3rd century and contains mostly in south chamber (and discarded) by excavator hence
of Attalos,
before
150.
No
handles.
to 713. 39; comparandum XXVI, 397; p. 316; XXVII, p. AgoraXll,
pp. 143-153,
186-187,
230
(selection
of pottery).
coins
or
stamped
DEPOSIT 11:3 (ds)
Q
Debris
Ca.
SUMMARIES
200-160
of mudbrick Debris from use and destruction of period Three Knidian amphora handles [KT 192], Sosimachos [KT 1225]). No coins.
building under Stoa of Attalos. IV A, 188-167 (SS 4947a, b, SS 5373,
to 188, 796. 151, 220, 268, 448, 749, 750, 816; comparanda 231 (selection of pottery); Agora XXVII, pp. 153-165, 205-206, Well
12:1 (ds)
Q
373
First and second
Kleandridas
eponyms
p. 469.
XXIX,
POUCa. 190-160
m. Pottery concentrated at two levels, possibly a first (at ca. 11.00-12.50 m) and second use fill Depth 12.50 ca. no difference. 7.10-8.10 m), but with (at apparent chronological indicate Large numbers of water jugs (at least nine in the first POU deposit, at least seven in the second) these fills accumulated of end of first quarter of 2nd during use. Two stamped amphora handles, one Rhodian 179-155 (GF) (SS 11122, fabricant Amyntas). No coins. century (VG)/ca. to 32, 75, 87. 26, 28, 32, 48, 69, 87-89, 190, 582, 587, 589; comparanda Agora XXVII,
p. 231; XXIX, 13:1 Q Rectangular
pp. 469-470. Ca.
shaft
a.d.
20-50,
with
some
material
of
1st
century
B.C.
x 0.70 m, m. shaft measuring 1.10/1.20 Depth 3.50 Rectangular giving access to water channel. A little earlier material in the form of three coins of the 1st century B.C. (1-1470-1-1472, Agora XXVI, varieties 115, 144, 158) and Late Hellenistic lamps of Types 49 A, 52 B, 52 E (L 2649, L 2344, L 2647, Agora IV, p. 169, no. 662, p. 182, no. 705, p. 188, no. 734). to 130, 150, 281. 692; comparanda Agora IV, p. 244; V, p. 126; VI, p. 100; VII, p. 227; XXIX, 13-14:1
Q
No
Cistern
measurements
Lower recorded.
Cistern
with
p. 470; XXXII,
forthcoming;
Hayes
1996, p. 13.
fill Ca. 375-350 passage
leading
west.
Small lower fill over floor of cistern and passage. Upper fill mostly dating in first half of 6th century, dumped into cistern from well R 13:3, some 20 m to the northeast, in Early Roman times (a fragment of ESB probably was present). Except for the inventoried so it is uncertain to objects, the two fills were mixed during mending, which fill a fragment of an early-3rd-century and aWest Slope fragment of the second quarter of cup-kantharos the 3rd century belong. Nonetheless, the bulk of the lower fill dates in the second quarter of the 4th century. No independently datable material. to 398. 397, 398; comparanda Agora VIII, p. 130; X, p. 68; XII, p. 191, n. 25, p. 397; XXIII, p. 335; XXX, p. 366. Well Q 15:2Upper
fill
Ca. 420-400,
with
1st century
disturbance
11.50 m deep. Rich filling of last 20 years of 5th century, with some Hellenistic in upper 3.0 m, which consisted material Latest of three Knidian largely of fragments of amphoras. stamped amphora handles dates to period VI B, 97-88 and Apollodoros same period (SS 13558, duoviri Diognetos [KT 99]). Type 37 B lamp of approximately No coins. (L 5126). to 492. Comparanda AgoraX, p. 68; XII, pp. 397-398; XXI, p. 100; XXIII, p. 335; XXV, pp. 69-70, pl. 31; Crosby 1955; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XX). Q16:1
Cistern
p. 164; XXX,
Ca.
p. 366; Thompson
1955,
325-275
1.66 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 1.60 m. Most of upper part Depth missing. three inventoried objects and eight uninventoried Only fragments remain from this deposit, apparently all from the bottom of the cistern. No is based on the lower lamps, coins, or stamped amphora handles. Dating a of a Classical handle with a mask a lekane with offset from attachment and kantharos, body strap kantharos, rim.
596. Agora XII, p. 398.
374
DEPOSIT
Q17:4 Well Bottom
1st
SUMMARIES a.d.
century
fill above. Fill at bottom dates 22 m deep. Accumulative filling from 1st to 5th century a.d., with 8th-century in first half of 1st century a.d. 1956, pp. 53-57, pis. 14-15 (selec AgoraV, p. 127; VII, p. 228; XXI, p. 100; XXXII, forthcoming; Thompson tion of pottery, lamps, and other objects). Q 18:4 Well Stone-lined terracotta
One
well partially figurine,
to a depth
dug two
stamped
2nd century,
of 2.50 m. and
handles,
amphora
one
pot
retained;
10-11:1
Building
fill of mudbrick
Ca.
building
else
everything
Later amphora handle dates early in period V, so shortly after 146 (SS 14324, Knidian bowls mentioned 786]). Long-petal by excavator. 768. Q-R
at least as late as ca. 140
eponym
discarded.
Kallidamas
[KT
200-165
in date and precede Q-R 10-11:3 fill of the mudbrick (destruction Deposit must succeed Q8-9 building) and P-R 6-12 (building fill of the Stoa of Attalos). Fourteen stamped amphora handles, the latest one Knidian dating late in period IVA or early in period IV B, somewhat before or after ca. 167 (SS 11076, eponym Polychares [KT 1446]) and one Rhodian of 193 (VG)/ca. (IA-16, Agora XXVI, variety II). Single coin of ca. 185-170/168 (GF) (SS 11621, eponym Kallikrates Class. bowls include examples of M Monogram [82-84]). Moldmade 729, 746, 774, 829. Agora XIV, p. 172; XXII, p. 106; XXVI, p. 317; XXVII, pp. 153-165, 202-204, 231 (selection of pottery); XXIX, 1952, p. 101; Kleiner 1975b, pp. 315-317 1950, p. 320; Thompson p. 470; Thompson (deposit IV); Grace 1985, 177-175
p.
39.
Q-R
10-11:3
Destruction
debris
of mudbrick
To ca.
building
160
(P-R 6-12). immediately below building fill of Stoa of Attalos Latest of five coins dates ca. 261-229 (IA-10, Agora XXVI, no. 62b). Latest of four stamped dates in period IVA, 188-167 [KT 732]). (SS 11069, Knidian eponym Theudotos 33, 808. p. 470. AgoraXXIX, Lies
R9:5
Ca.
Manhole
200-150
m. Collapsed manhole giving access to water channel. Depth ca. 1.90 Fifteen stamped amphora handles, all included in Grace's analysis of handles from Stoa of Attalos fill. Latest are Knidian of period IVB, 167-146 (SS 11356, SS 11362, SS 11367, eponyms Anaxippidas fabricant and Aristokles [KT 689]). No coins. [KT 214], Hephaistion to 665. 542, 627, 815, 818; comparanda R 10:1
Well
1st
handles
amphora
century
b.c
building [KT 163]
to ca.
a.d.
40
19.00 m. Depth 14 stamped amphora handles, mainly of 1st century, including eight late Knid includes Earlier material ian amphora handles of second and third quarters of 1st century b.c (e.g., SS 11231, eponym Anaxandridas identified coins. No [KT 1302]). securely to 111, 130, 290. 145, 247, 365, 791; comparanda Agora IV, p. 244; V, p. 127; VII, p. 228; XXI,
p. 100; XXIII,
p. 335; XXVII,
p. 231; XXIX,
pp. 470-471;
XXXII,
forthcoming. R13:l
Well Lower fill
Ca.
430-400 Upper fill
fill in lowest 6.40 m, with Hellenistic 12.50 m deep. Fifth-century Lower fill. Dating based on red-figure pottery. to 373. Comparandum
fill above.
Late
1st century
to ca. a.d. 50
but with a few Late Hellenistic
Upper fill Mostly Roman 44 A,
with
54 A)
some
suggesting
is as
material
as
early
375
SUMMARIES
DEPOSIT
(L 2285, L 2286, Agora IV, p. 196, no. 764, Types
lamps
the
1st
century
B.c.
No
coins.
Most
contemporary
pottery
that in R 13:2.
to 365. 130; comparandum V, IV, 244; 127; VII, p. 228; XII, p. 398; XXI, p. p. Agora R 13:2
p. 100; XXX,
p. 366; XXXII,
Claudian
Well
Dug to 2.10 m. One Augustan coin of R 13:1. 150.
(1-1657, Agora XXVI,
variety
p. 100; XXXII,
Agora IV, p. 244; VII, p. 228; XXI, R 13:9 (ds)
forthcoming.
158, 15-10).
contemporary
Pottery
with
that in upper
fill
forthcoming.
Ca. 300-265
Cistern
(PP-822, PP-864, Agora XXVI, Depth ca. 2.20 m; Diam. at bottom ca. 2.20 m. Two coins of 284-270s 53 or 54). Two intrusions of late 3rd or early 2nd century (fragments of dipper and perhaps moldmade No stamped amphora handles.
variety bowl).
3,254,401,402,830. AgoraXXlX,
p. 471; Rotroff
1983, p. 262. R 19:1
Well Late 2nd century
to ca. 75
little pottery, none of it fine. 12.40 m deep. Single fill containing A single, very battered Knidian amphora handle dates to period IVA, 188-167 (SS 8190, eponym Kleandros [KT 1274]). No coins or lamps. Clues for dating come from a fragment of a Form 6 table amphora and a dis tinctive jar (P 14265) that finds close parallels in deposits C 9:7 and N 20:4; both of these pull the date down into the 1st century, but not far into that century. to 247, 343. 121; comparanda XXXII, 127; p. AgoraV, forthcoming. R 21:2
Cistern
Lower
ca. 150-100, with a few 3rd-century pieces and Early Roman disturbance Ca. 200 to 1st century a.d.
fill
Mostly
Tunnel fill Lower
Depth ca. 4.00 m; Diam. at bottom 3.80-3.90 m. Cistern with blind south tunnel, north tunnel to drawshaft. Three fills in cistern; the upper two are Roman and extended into the tunnels. Middle fill in cistern = lower fills in south and north tunnels. Lower fill in cistern. Four coins, the latest dating ca. 140-90 and 130-90 (1-1254,1-1246, Agora XXVI, varieties 108 and 99). Four stamped amphora handles, the latest two Knidian of period V, early third quarter of 2nd I [KT 778]). [KT 366,1], eponym Euphranor century (SS 9291, SS 9385, fabricant Damokrates to 177. Comparandum Lower fill
in tunnel. No to
Comparandum
stamped
Agora IV, p. 244; XXI,
p. 100; XXII, S16:l
Dug
to a depth
2.05 m; Diam. deposit
or firmly
p. 106; XXIX,
Well
Dump Ca.
p. 100; XXIII, S 19:2
Cistern Depth
handles
above,
coins.
identified
p. 471.
425-400
of 6.00 m. Trace of use fill at bottom, to 183.
Comparandum p. 398; XXI, AgoraXIl,
Roman
amphora
147.
at bottom and
Byzantine
p. 336; XXX, Lower
2.50-2.95 material
with dumped p. 366; Holloway
fill m. Hellenistic
fill above. 1966, pp. 83-84. 2nd century, with Byzantine
fill in lowest
1.50 m, mixed
Hellenistic
disturbance and Late
in mouth.
Latest of four stamped amphora handles Knidian of period III, dating before ca. 188 (SS 8084, eponym Poli ouches Zeus coin of ca. 185 to 86 (AA-968, Agora XXVI, [KT 1071]). Six legible coins, the latest a Fulminating variety [82-84, 90-97]). Fragments of Byzantine pottery found throughout.
376
DEPOSIT
SUMMARIES
to 81, 222, 344, 450. 349, 626; comparanda pp. 471-472.
AgoraXXIX, S 19:3
Cistern
stamped is earlier
rial
Lower
Dump)
and upper
fills
ca. 3.10 m; Diam. ca. 2.50 m. lower and upper Contemporary (AA-838, AA-824a-d, legible coins, six dating ca. 330s-322/3l7
Depth Seven No
(Coroplast's
handles.
amphora ca. than
Two
uninventoried
fragments
of fine
ware
Ca.
350-300
fills. AA-843, Agora XXVI, may
date
close
[41-43]).
variety
to 300,
but most
mate
315.
295, 399. Agora IV, p. 244; XII, p. 399; XXIII, p. 336; XXVI, p. 317; XXIX, 1979, pp. 218-219 (deposit XXIII); Rotroff 1983, p. 263; Rotroff S 19:8
p. 472; XXX, p. 367; Thompson 1987a, p. 184.
Well
Ca.
Depth 9.60 m. No independently
1.
p. 399; XXIX,
AgoraXll,
p. 472; Pollitt
1979, p. 219
(deposit XXIV).
S 21:1Well Lower fill fill in upper 1.65 m. Depth 5.10 m. Modern Single coin of 86 to late 80s (BB-873, Agora XXVI, lamp (L 3719, Agora IV, p. 198, no. 773). to 561. Comparandum Agora p. 71.
IV, p. 244; V, p. 127; X, p. 68; XXV,
T 17:3
Ca.
variety
p. 164; XXIX,
115). No
20
b.c
stamped
amphora
p. 472; XXXII,
Drain
Three unstamped 500.
350-300
datable material. to
Comparandum
1952; Pollitt
forthcoming;
1st
to a.d.
handles.
Type
Grandjouan
54 B
1989,
century
late Knidian 14358 [KT 2531, KT 2450, KT 2547]) (SS 14356-SS stamped amphora handles late Rhodian handle. No coins. Thin-walled ware, ESA (P 26448), Type 57 lamp (L 5352).
AgoraXXIX,
10
and an
p. 472. T 27:1
Debris
Sullan destruction
debris
Fifty-five amphora handles, including 38 Knidian of the duoviri period, 107-88. Almost all of the eponyms of this period are named, [KT 1158, KT 1370]; SS 8100, SS 8120, including the latest (SS 8124, SS 8161, Hermon three date to 87/86 SS 8123, Pisinos [KT 606, KT 489, KT 652]). Eight legible coins, of which (OA-254a-c, no. 99d, Agora XXVI, variety 97), three to late 2nd or early 1st century (OA-255, OA-256, OA-259, Agora XXVI, ca. one to from top of debris and mid-20s-19 (OA-252, Agora XXVI, variety 152). Sling 130-90), variety 100, bullets
and
arrowheads.
to 666, 745. Comparanda Agora XXI, p. 100; XXIX, p. 472; Shear 1939, p. 225; Parsons 1943, pp. 240-241; Grace 1956b, p. 157, under no. 154 ("debris in Klepsydra"); Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou 1970, pp. 311 (under no. E 29), 382; Lewis 1975, p. 384.
APPENDIXES ANALYSES OF CERAMIC SAMPLES
For
a summary
of all analyses
performed,
on file in the Stoa of Attalos,
identified
able the
for
examination
following were Reactor
studies also
tables of Appendixes the Concordances,
by are
interested listed
see pp.
researchers.
in Table
pp.
427-428.
Part
The
AS
of each
Sample numbers
3, p. 15. Samples analyzed a with SIR; these prefix a concordance of Agora Sample
numbers
assigned study A and B. For
15-16.
by a unique Agora
sherd
sampled
(AS) number,
remains
and is avail
of samples examined at the Missouri Research numbers and
appear SIR
numbers,
in
in the see
ACTIVATION
NEUTRON
INSTRUMENTAL
A.
APPENDIX
ANALYSIS OF CERAMICS FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA
Introduction
Fifty samples of Hellenistic neutron
mental Center
The
Here, we describe the
subgroup set.
data
the University of Missouri Research I. Susan Rotroff from collections by
(INAA) analysis were selected samples at the that have Agora identified
been
through
at various
undertaken
and analytical
sample preparation
structure
analyzed by instru
have been
Agora
at
activation
(MURR). excavations
during
from the Athenian
pottery
quantitative
analysis
Hellenistic
coarse
since
times
used at MURR
techniques of
the ceramic
wares
from
Reactor recovered 1931.
and report
compositional
Background In contrast
to
considerable
the Hellenistic in fabric.1
variety several
distinct
in their manufacture.
The
from
derived
ous
fine
Greek
and
figurines
are
MURR
stored
Pieces
of each
some
groups. via chemical studied
in the
Smithsonian's projects
sherd
were
SARCAR
by Ronald
burred
and
soil. The adhering to in air. Meanwhile, dry
allowed
being
tiles were
employed
that the vari
In addition, with comparisons assessment of speculative possible
characterization
some
for
relevance
and
and
have
and Garman
a
using offline
are analyses at Brookhaven National
here
INAA
by
time
data and other Greek data generated
database
L. Bishop
then
prepared
been
provided
for use
at on
Harbottle.
1. Rotroff
and placed
1998; see also Chap. 1986.
Jones
burred clay
carbide
burr
to remove
were then washed samples test tiles were to 700?C fired
with in an
painted deionized oxidizing
chips from the sherds and pieces
or
slipped water and atmosphere
from the clay test
a fine in an agate mortar to was Part of each yield powder. specimen for the MURR of analyzed archive ceramic fabrics. were at 100?C for 24 hours. oven-dried Portions of approximately
crushed
150 mg were weighed
a silicon
with
for INAA. The
retained, unpowdered, The powder samples
2. E.g.,
were
recipes
source.
single
permit
paste
Preparation
surfaces
before
Greece
from
a
suggest
is a test of the hypothesis
Of particular analytical techniques.2 from the Athenian undertaken Agora
archaeometry
Sample
from
be derived
here
(BNL) in the late 1970s.3 The Athenian
Laboratory BNL
and/or
the Agora exhibit that coarse wares were
chemical been
have
of different
number ware
the various
that
INAA study reported
may groups ceramics analyzed
ceramics
variety would several distinct
macroscopic
sources
macroscopic
previously sources for
This
wares,
2, above.
in small polyvials used for short irradiations. At the same 3. Fillieres,
Harbottle,
and
Sayre
1983.
380
sample the unknown
with Along SRM-688 (basalt
rock)
gamma
tube for
gamma
yields nium
(Ti),
24-hour
irradiation
five
containing
and
to the
irradiation single for seven days, decay resolution germanium
(La), lutetium each
seven
of
at most
other for
The
half-life
latter measurement
are
vials
the
barium
(Al),
(Na), tita
(Mn), sodium
is analogous samples a high count
on count") The middle
sample
changer. arsenic namely,
to a
subjected
irradiation,
long "middle
(the
elements,
(Nd), samarium
or four-week
three-
seconds
labora
irradiated, sequentially count The 720-second
long irradiation
After
laboratories.
other
is carried out through
in quartz
This
a total
and
aluminum
(K), manganese
2,000 to an automatic
coupled medium
at most
used
elements
short-lived
encapsulated
samples
counted
(Lu), neodymium
an additional sample.
are
detector
determinations
yields After
utilized then
the
flux of 5 x IO13n/cm2/s.
at a neutron
two irradiations
of
are in the polyvials of 8 x IO13 n/cm2/s.
(Dy), potassium
(V). The
vanadium
fly ash) and (i.e., standards
(coal
samples
(1992), a short irradiation
for
peaks
(Ca), dysprosium
irradiation
irradia
long
Spectroscopy
system. Samples at a neutron flux
seconds
spectra
(Ba), calcium
quality-control
for
rock) and Ohio Red Clay.
(obsidian
in detail by Glascock
tories.4 As discussed the pneumatic two at a time,
as were
prepared,
Gamma-Ray
vials used quartz of SRM-1633a
high-purity reference standards
at MURR, of ceramics consists which analysis a of the procedures constitutes counts, superset
activation
three
of
similarly
of SRM-278
and
Irradiation
into
weighed
samples,
were
treated as unknowns)
Neutron
were
of each
200 mg
time, tions.
A
APPENDIX
lanthanum
(As),
(Sm), uranium
(U), and ytterbium
count
seconds
decay,
a final
yields
the following
of
10,000
17 long
(Yb). out
is carried
half-life
cerium
elements:
(Eu), iron (Fe), hafnium (Cr), cesium (Cs), europium (Ce), cobalt (Co), chromium scandium nickel (Ni), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sc), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Sb), terbium (Tb), thorium (Th), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr). Elemental
elements) descriptive
The
analyses 33 elements
information
detection on base
out
of raw data
two
irradiations
the analyzed
and
counts
three
in a dBASE
and stored
(Hf), (Ta),
(a total
of
33
III file along with
sample.
Data
Chemical
above
described of
each
the
of
Analysis
in most
for
available
at MURR
the
into a single tabulation
are assembled
Quantitative
from
data
concentration
on
produced (Some samples.
in some
elemental elements,
values
concentration especially (PCA) was
components analysis Principal samples.) for these data. Use of concentrations 10 logarithms in between for differences compensates magnitude
nickel,
for
were
subsequently concentrations log such elements, major of
32 or below
carried instead as iron, to base
or lanthanide Transformation elements. trace elements, such as the rare earth trace elements. a more for many distribution normal 10 logarithms also yields nearly to data is of the chemical The of quantitative recognize compositionally analysis goal on the database. Based the within "provenance postulate,"5 groups analytical homogeneous zones. The sources or source restricted are assumed to represent such groups geographically to zones may the unknown or source be inferred location of sources groups by comparing as means of abundance"6 or such the "criterion raw materials), knowns (source by indirect on characteristics.7 or and based sedimentological geological arguments and
Initial hypotheses
about source-related information
from
noncompositional decorative attributes,
etc.)
4. Glascock
1992; Neff
1992.
5. Weigand,
Harbottle,
and
Sayre
or
1977.
from
subgroups (e.g.,
application
in the compositional
context, archaeological of pattern-recognition
6. Bishop, Rands, 7. E.g., Steponaitis,
and Holley Blackman,
data can be derived
fabric
characteristics, to
techniques
1982. and Neff
1996.
the
FROM THE ATHENIAN
INAA OF CERAMICS data.
chemical tively as to
381
AGORA
can be evaluated the most intui groups by several means, hypothetical on are identified the specimens bivariate which of which is to inspect plots to the of data that differentiate Failure find the affiliation. group projections
These
accessible presumed
groups casts doubt on their validity. hypothetical one technique Principal components analysis (PCA) is
that can be used to recognize patterns
new reference axes in data. PCA provides that are arranged (i.e., subgroups) compositional can be on combinations The data of subsumed. in decreasing order of variance displayed to the elemental concentration relative these new axes, just as they can be displayed original axes. PCA can be used to in in a pure search for mode, i.e., subgroups pattern-recognition an undifferentiated the coherence of data evaluative set, or in a more i.e., to assess mode, other criteria context, decoration, etc.). groups (archaeological suggested by hypothetical can be to be differences for between specimens expected Generally, larger compositional same in in than for the and this that different groups group, specimens specimens implies
as distinct
should be detectable
groups
areas of high point density
on plots of the first few
components.
One
seldom-exploited
it can
that
be
applied
and objects
ements)
(individual axes.
R- and Q-mode
analyzed
samples)
(1992) and Neff with
technique,
displayed
both
is
(1994),
variables
(el
on the same set of principal
The
two-dimensional
is the best
components principal or variance-covariance variable
by Baxter
on the first two coordinates plot of element of two-dimensional the correlation representation possible structure vectors to in the data: small angles between from the origin to indicate close 90 indicate correlation; strong positive angles degrees
reference
component
of PCA, discussed
strength
as a simultaneous
coordinates
no
to 180 close and angles indicate correlation. the correlation; Likewise, degrees negative is of coordinates the best two-dimensional of Euclidean relations plot object representation was based on the variance-covariance the in PCA the (if among space objects log-concentration or on the correlation was the PCA standardized based (if matrix) space log-concentration matrix). Displaying contributions of various
groups.
on the same it possible plots makes to group to and the distinctive separation a to the simultaneous is called in reference "biplot"
and
objects specific a Such plot
objects and variables. The variable directly by inspection In the present case, available
to observe
variables
elements
of bivariate data
for
comparison. from one distinct
interrelationships elemental from
derived
The
inferred from a biplot
concentration another
study yielded The new INAA
of
shapes
the of
plotting
can be verified
plots.
investigation a series of
earlier
the
of Athenian reference
ceramics8
groups domestic
that
are
are
sta
wares may another. of Athenian tistically analyses to the be compared reference several of bivariate means, groups existing by including plots new the the previously defined reference Multivariate groups. analyses along with comparison of the new data to the a measure be with distance known groups may existing accomplished as Mahalanobis an distance. The Mahalanobis of distance individual from a group specimen centroid9 is: = D2y,x
fy-x]'ix[y-x]
elemental concentrations y is a 1 x m array of logged X is the n x m data matrix of logged concentrations interest,
where of
is being
point
compared with
variance-covariance variances
and
from
a univariate
nobis
distances
8. Fillieres,
matrix covariances
Harbottle,
mean can be
and
(Xbeing
converted
1983.
deviation
units.
into probabilities
Like of group
9. Bieber Sayre
1975.
the
for
individual
the group
specimen to which the
and / is the inverse of the m xm
of group X Because Mahalanobis in the multivariate it is group, in standard
Sayre
its 1 xm centroid),
for
distance
takes
into
account
to
distance expressing deviation Mahala units, for each individual membership
analogous standard
et al. 1976; Bishop
and Neff
1989; Harbottle
1976;
382 For
specimen.10
ling's T2, which Another tactic
to base
it is sizes, sample appropriate of the univariate extension
small relatively is a multivariate sometimes
that
A
APPENDIX
proves
useful
for
Student's
is to scan
provenance
assessing
on Hotel
probabilities t. a
compari
son databank in order to identify individual specimens that are compositionally similar to the individual specimens in the data set of interest. The technique is straightforward: Euclidean (straight-line) distances are calculated between a given individual specimen and all specimens in the ally,
aJ> EDah=lj^ a and
where
b are
being
specimens
are
and the top 10 databank, specimens are measure for which minima sought
comparison the distance
vectors
m
containing
for
Actu comparison. Euclidean distance:
extracted
is the
average
m concentrations
elemental
for
the
two
individual
compared.
Results
the data, the first
a
the basic of the Agora shows of the first two principal data, components biplot in the 50-specimen data set. In brief, there are six distinct patterns compositional on are one discriminated and, with below), (to be discussed clearly they exception the of of the A.l members each two principal of the data. Table shows components
A.1, Figure structure of
The groups. on macroscopic
six compositional based by Rotroff
groups extremely correspond Not fabric characteristics.
to the groups a close
closely only
is there
identified correspon
dence of macroscopic and chemical groups, but all 50 of the analyzed samples fall into one of the groups; this is remarkable considering that around 30% of analyzed samples remain in most
ungrouped
One major
studies.
of data points
of the configuration
determinant
on
the first two principal
to the relative enriched "household the three fabric" is calcium, groups being components a difference resource-choice that in this element. It would fabrics therefore, appear, cooking vs. a of basic household difference the underlies and/or cooking dichotomy paste-recipe or some fine for cooking been vessels chosen have That fabrics. is, less calcareous clays might
wares. marly substance might have been added to clays destined to be used for household a all Lopas 5 cooking into The cooking fabrics subdivide chemically group containing fabric
samples,
two Cooking
a
Schist all certain group containing three Micaceous fabric 3 and cooking
ing the remaining Cooking fabric 3 and Micaceous identified only doubtfully as Schist cooking fabric shown
configuration the Cooking
fabric These
(Sc, V, Co).
in the biplot 3 and Micaceous
indicate
that
these
cooking associated
in the Cooking
values of these elements thus
can be
elements
(Fig. A.l),
fabric
with
cooking are group
relatively
enriched
mafic
fabric 3 and Micaceous
contain
specimens
samples,
one cooking fabric samples, along with on the elemental Based (see Table A.l).
the Schist fabric
more
with together samples a contain and group
fabric
cooking fabric
and, especially, group in transition metals
rock
sand;
cooking
the extreme
fabric group may
than
inclusions
nonplastic
or
the Schist
cook
and the Cooking fabric 3 and ing fabric group specimens. The Schist cooking fabric group the possibility cannot be Micaceous cooking fabric group are otherwise quite similar, and ruled
Lopas
out
of
the enrichment
that
5 cooking
fabric group
transition
is enriched
metals
relative
arises
from
a
to the other groups
10. E.g., 1976.
of other
Bieber
elements.
et al. 1976; Bishop
The
and Neff
differences
1989; Harbottle
between
The
in Th, Cs, Sb, and a
the other
and this group to a mere to be due are too for them difference, recipe groups pronounced fabrics. sources for the cooking that there are at least two distinct
number
difference.
paste-recipe
cooking so it would
fabric seem
FROM THE ATHENIAN
INAA OF CERAMICS The
are
fabrics
household
to one
similar
quite
another,
AGORA
383
the Hellenistic
especially
water-jug
1 and 2 groups, which overlap entirely on the first two principal components (Fig. A.l). A the groups. The Hellenistic water-jug 1 and 2 Na-Sc plot (Fig. A.2) successfully discriminates on virtually every element except sodium and would fabrics are chemically indistinguishable seem
to represent
same
the
tinct
from
the Hellenistic
they
could
all come
Athenian may can
be made in the
ing
from
region. domestic-ware
and which on
based entire
may calcium
be
a of plot comes database
BNL
to the BNL
analyses
enriched
are
database
in the
sodium
imported and thorium
from
thorium
that
enough from
the
of the above groups Several
away.11
concentrations
to the
close
farther
subtle
of analyses
yields some insight into which
in Greece
and elsewhere
to Attica
local
The
the differences
still
but
groups,
water-jug the same
of the MURR
Agora
be
base.
2 group could easily originate in a paste-recipe difference. The larger fabrics (samples of Pink temper fabric 1 and 2) is chemically more dis
Hellenistic waterjug group of household
Comparison
resource
ceramic
underlying
observations noth
First, (Fig. A.3). observed
concentrations
in the
MURR Lopas 5 cooking fabric group. This supports Rotroff s hypothesis that the Lopas 5 not is A. BNL fabric local Athenian (see Table 1). Second, the analyses (which are mostly fine wares
and
at the end high raw calcareous materials
hypothesis on Figure
A.3
(household In order
it is not
alone
tended
to rule
possible
concentrations. to be
for
used
an Attic
out
This
source
were
to four
compared
BNL
Greek
fabrics. of
any
the
groups
low-calcium
fabric
cooking
all
groups
all of
show
low probabilities come from specimens very
if these
the BNL groups Thus, (Table A.2). a must in Greece, to they pertain region the four BNL reference On the groups.
or
class
other
raw materials
of
several
hand,
Based
calcareous
Mahalanobis
using
distance calculations (Table A.2). The only BNL group not used for comparison too few for Mahalanobis C group, which has only eight members, distances to be based on 10 elements. The 10 elements used in the comparison are those reported et al. (1983) to be useful for discriminating the Attic groups. Not surprisingly, in the
the
of the MURR
affiliations
reference
with
accords
cooking
for
fabric) chemical groups identified in this study. to provide additional perspective on the compositional
all 50 samples
groups,
of calcium
cluster
figurines) that less
is the Attic calculated by Fillieres specimens
of membership or elsewhere Attica
in
one of represented by in the Pink temper specimens not
group and several others in the Hellenistic water-jug 1 and 2 groups exceed 1% probability of membership in the Corinth group. The apparent link of the household fabric groups to Corinth should not be taken neces sarily to indicate derivation from Corinth but rather as an indication of general similarity to raw materials reason
for
nian
used
is not
in this
Attic any
other
sources
possible were databank
the BNL
household or
to Corinth
attributed on
evidence of
dividual
the part of the Greek mainland is that the BNL "Corinth" group
caution and
Agora additional searches
from
fabric
comparison.
sherds. The source,
Peloponnesian on based
these
of
out
results
elements of
to
identify determined
the pairwise no specific
although
and Athens. from
BNL
samples in common
comparisons source emerges
seem
to provide Euclidean
groups,
in
the
resembling in the two
labs were
consistent
as more
One
the Athe
specimens In order
by any direct comparisons. the MURR household fabric
carried
All
Corinth
encompassing contains only
an
with
than
probable
comparisons.
The Schist cooking fabric group and the Cooking fabric 3 and Micaceous cooking fabric have Ca most concentrations well below BNL of the Greek pottery analyses (Fig. A.3). group low-calcium clays certainly are present in this region: DF176F and DF176C, which However, are
the fine
and
clay pit on Mount within
the
range
11. Fillieres, Harbottle, the BNL database prising
coarse
fractions,
from
respectively,
Parnes and used by potters of Ca
concentrations
of
Schist
and Sayre 1983. The specimens com listed in the MURR Archaeometry
are
a raw
clay
in the Amaroussi cooking Database 12. See
fabric
sample
collected
in a modern
district of Athens,12 group
These
samples.
(http://www.missouri.edu/~reahn/). and Sayre Fillieres, Harbottle,
fall well
1983,
p. 69.
low
384 Amaroussi
calcium
not
appear
clays
APPENDIX
to have
A
been
much
used
in
except,
antiquity,
perhaps,
for cooking vessels with Cooking fabric 3 and Micaceous cooking fabric. The Schist cooking fabric group is both low in Ca and high in Th, and thus would seem even more distinct com to known
pared
Attic
pottery
group on the Ca-Th plot between
Schist
clay may
be due
compositions
to a
only in the BNL
low-calcium
unusual, use intended
that are
cooking In sum, difference. we
fabric 3, or Micaceous
fabric, Cooking of
composition
these
to the Amaroussi
fabric samples.
cooking
have
may
specimens
similar
the
differences
the paucity of low-calcium cannot be ruled out origin
despite an Athenian
believe
falls within
Sparta,
the chemical
previously,
fabrics
the other
paste-recipe Greek database,
for any of the Schist cooking The
and
from
MASPM7,
as suggested
Also,
(Fig. A3).
fabric
cooking
However,
compositions.
been
dictated
by
their
in cooking.
Conclusion The
domestic
wares
from
groups
high-calcium
three
groups
containing can be fabric,
the Athenian
contain
three
different
confidently the household
Agora varieties
cooking attributed
fall of
among
to Athens,
as their similarity to the BNL Corinth
Cooking because available
3, and Micaceous
fabric of
their
low calcium
in the Athens
one
fabrics. Only to a non-Attic
ing identified
fabrics
are
cooking
concentrations, a local origin region,
Three groups. compositional and three low-calcium fabrics, 5 cook of the six groups, Lopas
six distinct
into
the household
almost
fabric but,
source.
The
derived
certainly
group demonstrates. are
low-calcium
because
for both
in the
unusual
cannot
groups
Neff
Hector Missouri
three
chemical
from
somewhere
groups close
Schist cooking larger
fabric, context
Greek
are known clays out. be ruled and Michael
University
D. Glascock
Research
University
to be
Reactor of Missouri
Columbia, MO 65211
Partial funding
Note:
for the project
In Figures A.1-A.3,
Acknowledgements came from the NSF under
the following
terminology = Hellenistic
grant no. SBR-9802366.
is used
for the fabrics:
to Household fabric HWJ water-jug fabric 2 = fabric 5 L5 fabric cooking Lopas Cooking fabric M = Micaceous cooking fabric Cooking = Schist S fabric cooking fabric Cooking fabric LTWJ = Hellenistic Household water-jug fabric 1 fabrics = Pink temper fabrics 1 and 2 Household Close
_^^^^^^/^ /\^^ -O fabric Household HWJ /^\ y^b *0 ^^"^Close to Household \//
".E {y^ifabric *As X. HWJ
)i/KA \^^^ sfifeP "^ Household fabrics Figure A. 1. PCA biplot of Principal 2Components 1and the of variance-covariance matrix for 32 elements determined in the
Athenian Agora Ellipses 90% Sthe level confidence for in samples. represent membershi groups.
Principal 1Component fabrics Cooking 3M and I;j|I1i
Q \//\ A Cooking /"^\
CM
-.
SUC^\\
_
\\jf
fQbriC
Cooking L5 Fabric 1\.
I-0,4 -0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0.6 I_i_I_I_i_I_i_l._i_I_
\\fabric *~0 Close " to Household \^
)fabric HWJ \HWJ ^ c1*<>> Figure plot Bivariate of sodium and the in Household-fabric A.2. scandium Athenian concentrations from Agora. samples
VCO ^^-^^^
fabrics Household ^-""" cxl ^~~^\ ""
^^^ / o" o
^ 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.4
O I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_
ro |-,-j-,-,-,-j-,-!-,-j-,^
^^^ y^" ?
^^^ F??? /
O ^?-^"^ \___ " x^\ "?
CD\ ^^^^ ^
00 ^\ /
.5
% ^~~
\( * ^X
Household/
X ^/^ "OCL
CO
-? CD
Ellipses confidence level for the represent in groups. membership (log Sodium 10 ppm) ?base 90%
\/
/ ^^^^ "~~ CN O -
O '-Q - |CN-
O
cnv
I n
D
X
x
xx
^x
x xx xx
x
Household
Household
"?^- VDm
?
"
fabrics HWJ(O) J x^S?-X-rXSkxxsVabrics
^-^"^
W "I L5
"j
fabric S~~^
90% database. Greek BNL Ellipses confidence groups. level the for MURR in membership represent 2r six
^^^^x L ^-^X^^fX^ " xDFX to and close ^WASP^xS#^^?^^[^^XWJ
Figure A.3. O -/"^^ A XDF176FA ^
Bivariate plot ^X^^^^^^op^^^^S^\ XDF352C
?
Cooking
of
3.0
calcium
thorium
3.4 5.0 3.8 4.6 I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_1_i_
^t
I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
and
(log Calcium 10 ppm) ?base inthe concentrations
4.2
v' X \ /vv cv rj
--__ a> ^?-?- in ^~ _J
fabric
n / ""'^
x
=
Greek
in
BNLdatabase.~|
sample
Cooking fabrics 13and M x?xx >*<
^~-\x S
Cooking
o
CD
x I_I ?[___^
M
5.4
5
-0000
Cooking-S SIR012 Schist
SIR018 cooking
TABLE A.l. GROUP ASSIGNMENTS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION FOR ATHENIAN AGORA SAMPLES ANALYZED AT MURR fabric jug 1
Cooking-S SIR017 Cooking-S SIR014 Schist Schist Cooking-S SIR010 SIR013 Schist cooking Hellenistic
Schist
cooking
fabric 10 Presumed Form Presumed 1 Attic D 17:4, Form Form 1 Probably Attic F 15:2 150-110 Chytra Cooking-S SIR016 Schistcooking Form fabric 10 Presumed Cooking-S SIR022 Cooking fabric Form 3 AtticF 15:2 3 150-110 Chytra Cooking-S SIR015 cooking Form fabric 3 Presumed 20:2150-1103 PAttic Schist cooking fabric Form Presumed Cooking-S cooking SIR011 Schistcooking fabric Form 3 Presumed Form fabric Attic 21:1250-170 3 PLopas Presumed Attic cooking Form fabric fabric Form 3 M Presumed 3 Attic Presumed Attic 21:4 Lopas LopasSchist Chytra fabric
Lopas
Lopas Lopas
Lopas
Cooking-S SIR028 Micaceous cooking Lopas fabric 1
2
Form 3
Attic lower
M 20:1, fill
? N21:4, lowerfill 250-210
F200-125 15:2 EAttic 15:4 200-125 E 225-175 15:4
middle 200-150
150-11
? E 3:1, lowerfill 325-250
Cooking-3 and -M SIR030 Schist Chytra Micaceous Lopas Form 3 ? P 21:4225-175 Cooking-3 and Cooking-S -M 3SIR029 SIR026 Micaceous 300-210 11:2 ?SIR027 Lid D fabric Form Cooking-S Micaceous 2cooking fabric cooking Cooking-3 and-M SIR025 Micaceousfabricfabric Lopas Form 3? fabrics SIR006 SIR008 Pink KraterProbably Attic Q12:l N 20:7 225-160 Pink Household Probably 190-160 fabricsSIR007 PinkLekane Krater 1temper AtticM21:1 250-170 Presumed Attic fabrics SIR009 Pink Jug 2 Presumed Attic Q12:l 190-160 cooking Household Household fabrics Household fabrics SIR003 fabrics Pink SIR004 Pink SIR005 Jug 1 temper Pink Jug 1 temper Probably Jug 1 temper Probably Attic Probably P Attic 20:2 150-110 P Attic 20:2 150-110 M 21:1 250-170 Household SIR001 Pink Jug 1 temper Probably Attic Q 12:1 190-160 cooking fabric? hemical Group IDWare Form fabric Comments* Context Period Cooking-S SIR024 Lopas Form 3 fabricfabric fabricfabricfabricfabric Description fabric 300-210 ?D 11:2 Cooking 3Lopas SIR023 fabric Cooking-3 -M and 3Form Cooking-3 and-M SIR019 Cooking-3 and-M SIR021 3Lopas3Lopas 3Lopas Cooking 3?cooking Form Cooking-3 and-M SIR020 Cooking Form 3 Form ? 3? R13? temper temper fabricfabricfabric fabric temper Cooking Cooking
?? Analytical
oo00
HWJ jug SIR031 Hellenistic 1fabric Form Presumed water-jug fill 13:4, G 325-260 non-Attic lower
HWJ SIR034 Hellenistic 1jug fabric 325-260 fill water-jug 13:4, G 1Form Presumed lower non-Attic
A.l TABLE (CONT.) HWJ-related 2SIR038 fabric Hellenistic jug water-jug 250-210 21:4, 1N Form fill Presumed non-Attic lower HWJ-related jug 2SIR040 Hellenistic fabric Form Presumed water-jug 250-210 21:4, fill N non-Attic lower HWJ jug SIR032 Hellenistic fabric 113:9 water-jug 300-265 1Presumed Form R non-Attic HWJ SIR033 Hellenistic 1jug fabric 300-265 water-jug 1Presumed Form 13:9 R non-Attic HWJ jug SIR035 20:2 1Hellenistic 150-110 fabric Form water-jug Presumed P non-Attic HWJ SIR036 Hellenistic 225-175 1Hellenistic jug fabric P21:4 water-jug 1Presumed Form non-Attic HWJ-related jug 2SIR039 Hellenistic fabric water-jug 1R 300-265 Form 13:9 Presumed non-Attic HWJ-related SIR041 Hellenistic 2250-210 fabric 21:4, fill Lekane water-jug N Presumed lower non-Attic
HWJ SIR037 Jug? 225-175 21:4 fabric 1Hellenistic Presumed P water-jug non-Attic
Cooking-L5 SIR042 Attic 5N 225-160 20:7 fabric Lopas Not cooking FormCooking-L5 SIR043 516:4 Attic fabric 160-130 Lopas H Not cooking FormCooking-L5 SIR044 5fabric Attic 200-125 Lopas 15:4 Not E Form cooking Cooking-L5 SIR047 Attic 5150-110 fabric Lopas Not 15:2 Form F cooking SIR049 Attic 5150-110 fabric Lopas 15:2 F Not cooking Form Cooking-L5 5SIR048 Attic 20:2 fabric 150-110 Lopas P Not cooking FormCooking-L5 Cooking-L5 SIR045 5fabric Lopas 115-50 14:3 E Not Attic cooking Form Cooking-L5 SIR050 5Attic fabric Lopas 115-50 Not 14:3 Form E cooking Cooking-L5 SIR046 200-125 5fabric Attic 15:4 Lopas Not Lid E cooking Chemical Group ID Description Ware Context Comments* Form Period
Analytical hypothesis *Pre-analysis fabric. about of source
390 TABLE
A.2.
COMPARISON
COMPOSITIONAL Analytical ID HOUSEHOLD
A
OF MURR
ATHENIAN
GROUPS
IDENTIFIED
Attic
FABRICS
APPENDIX
AGORA
SPECIMENS
BY FILLIERES
B Attic A
CorinthAigina
PROBABILITIES
0.000
0.016
6.196 0.000
3
SIR002
0.000
0.001
0.012 0.000
3
SIR003
0.000
0.004
0.059 0.000
3
SIR004
0.000
0.003
8.433 0.000
3
SIR005
0.000
0.006
0.240 0.000
3
SIR006
0.000
0.012
0.000 0.000
2
SIR007
0.000
0.004
0.036 0.000
3
SIR008
0.000
0.031
5.006 0.000
3
SIR009
0.000
0.110
0.000 0.000
2
0.000 SIR010
0.000
0.000 0.000
3
SIR011 0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR012
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR013
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR014
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
3
SIR015
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
0.000 SIR016
0.000
0.000 0.000
3
SIR017
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR018
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR022
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
0.000 SIR024
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR027
0.000
0.000
0.001 0.000
3
SIR028
0.000
0.000
0.002 0.000
3
0.000 SIR029
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
COOKING-3
FABRIC PROBABILITIES
AND
FOUR
GREEK
(1983)* Best Group
SIR001
COOKING-S
TO
ET AL.
-M FABRIC PROBABILITIES
0.000 SIR019
0.001
0.001 0.079
4
SIR020
0.000
0.004
0.000 0.007
4
SIR021
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR023
0.000
0.004
0.179 0.000
3
SIR025
0.000
0.000
0.012 0.000
3
SIR026
0.000
0.000
0.000 0.000
2
SIR030
0.000
0.025
0.009 0.000
2
INAA OF CERAMICS
FROM THE ATHENIAN
TABLE Analytical ID HELLENISTIC
Attic A
AGORA
A. 2 (CONT.) B Corinth Aigina
Attic
Best Group
FABRIC PROBABILITIES
WATER-JUG
SIR031
0.000
0.040
0.251
30.000
SIR032
0.000
0.043
0.676
30.000
SIR033
0.000
0.025
0.263
30.000
SIR034
0.000
0.018
0.048
30.000
SIR035
0.000
0.029
3.334
30.000
SIR036
0.000
0.022
1.454
30.000
SIR037
0.000
0.182
1.173
30.000
HELLENISTIC
FABRIC RELATED
WATER-JUG
PROBABILITIES
SIR038
0.000
0.019
3.598
30.000
SIR039
0.000
0.020
0.313
30.000
SIR040
0.000
0.022
0.856
30.000
SIR041
0.000
0.026
1.142
30.000
COOKING-L5
FABRIC PROBABILITIES
SIR042
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR043
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR044
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR045
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR046
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR047
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR048
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR049
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
SIR050
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 2
* Figures Reference
Variables
391
are
Hotelling's and
groups
T-square numbers
1 2 3 4
Attic A Attic B Corinth
used:
Rb
derived
from Mahalanobis
54 16 23 20
Aigina Cs
probabilities of specimens:
Sc
Ce
Eu
Hf
Th
Cr
Fe
Co
distance
calculation.
NEUTRON
B. INSTRUMENTAL
APPENDIX
ACTIVATION
ANALYSIS OF UNGUENTARIA AND ATTIC FINE WARE FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA
Introduction neutron
Instrumental
from
ceramics
fine-ware
the University
on a undertaken of 43 has been (INAA) analysis sample were out at in Athens. The carried the Agora excavations analyses were Center Reactor The submitted Research (MURR). samples
activation
of Missouri
by Susan I. Rotroff
of Washington
University.
Background is the
This
set of analyses
second
of Agora
ceramics
done
for Rotroff.
The
first
on coarse-ware and Glascock focused ceramics. A, above), by Neff (Appendix wares. includes with Attic fine Hellenistic contrast, gray unguentaria together come contexts to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd centuries B.C. from that date As
in our
noted
ization
some
for
Brookhaven
time.
the BNL
Procedures
one
compatible data are
of
ceramics
once
report
et al.
and
was
study, ceramics
of
in
character at
undertaken
BNL and MURR
are applied. the analyses
factors many
reported
The
chemical
which
(1983),
important in the present
INAA, here.
via
relevant because because
categories
sample preparation, and will not be repeated
studied
conversion
interlaboratory
for
been
is particularly
particularly
the major
have
of Fillieres
(BNL),
Laboratory
to be
present study, Attic fine ware, earlier
Greek report, The INAA study
National
are known
data
earlier
study, This
In the were
of
study.
statistical
analysis
were
in our
discussed
Results The
basic
components
principal single
structure
in the on set is fine-ware data Agora easily depicted one of the data All but Attic fine-ware (Fig. B.l). group
compositional
(see Table
B.l)
relative
that,
to other
a
This
(Mn).
group
is quite
variable
in calcium
of
(Ca)
and,
fall
end
(Unguentaria-1) late unguentaria, date 115 B.C. The
of
into
a
set,
is
(K), and diluted in (U), hafnium (Hf), arsenic
especially,
2. (As), which accounts for the broad dispersion along Principal Component The unguentaria divide into two groups (Table B.l), one of which (Unguentaria-2) the opposite
two
the first
specimen in this data analyses
enriched in strontium (Sr), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and potassium rare the earth elements (REEs), tantalum (Ta), thorium (Th), uranium and manganese
plot
lies at
continuum from the Attic fine ware and one of which compositional an intermediate includes both occupies position. Unguentaria-2 early and whereas includes late unguentaria, all of which Unguentaria-1 only post
provenance
Attic A compositional
the
of
the Attic
group
fine
ware
group
would
appear
to be
identified by Fillieres et al. (1983). Using
the
same
as that
the elements
of
the
identified
394
APPENDIX
B
as key group-defining elements in the BNL study, all but three of the MURR Attic fine-ware a in the BNL Attic A group show greater than 1% probability of membership specimens (Table B.2). Five MURR Attic fine-ware specimens might plausibly be linked to BNL Attic B based on Table B.2, but itmust be borne in mind that Attic B ismuch smaller (only 16 so Mahalanobis
specimens),
distance-based
of group
probabilities
are
membership
inflated.
The calcium-thorium plot (Fig. B.2) clearly indicates that the MURR Attic fine-ware group variation. On the and the BNL Attic A group represent the same range of compositional basis
of
these
to originate, The
the
observations,
like the BNL Attic A group
unguentarium
the higher
being
fit
calcareous
the
relatively
cannot
specimens
cific differences
(e.g., Appendix workshops from Sparta fied specimens are not close, particularly of raw materials sampling a more definitive achieve
for
used
clays
A, Fig. A.3). as most similar
and
to individual to infer
be unwise
ceramics
from
Athens for
attribution
one
groups,
ceramics
of
searches
the BNL
of
the
spe
to Attic identi
databank
but
unguentaria, a
the
they do
attributed
Greek
inferred
of Athens.
(Fig. B.2). Nonetheless,
to characterize
known
are
group
surroundings
the BNL
of thorium
Euclidean
source
to any of
linked
concentrations
so it would
fine-ware
clays, in the immediate be
composition
Attic
the MURR
resemblances
to
Broader linkage Sparta. specific to in Greece is needed and elsewhere
the unguentaria.
Conclusions The ongoing considerable compositional with unguentaria
study of ceramics compositional groups do
from the Athenian Coarse
heterogeneity.
(Appendix as well. On
and A), the other
this hand,
initiated by Rotroff,
Agora, wares
and cooking vessels that fine demonstrates
study the Agora
of fine
sample
has revealed
fall
into
wares wares
several together
Hector Missouri
Neff
and Michael
University
since
D. Glascock
Research
University
to
appears
variation of all Attic fine wares, represent only part of the total range of compositional groups (Attic A) identified in the BNL study is present. only one of the compositional
Reactor of Missouri
Columbia, MO 65211 Acknowledgements this funded NSF The project through its support of the MURR no. SBR-9802366). We thank Jeff Speakman and Kyra Lienhop work
on
the project.
lab (grant archaeometry for carrying out the lab
\ ?Unguentaria-2 *-\?
membership groups. g biplot PCA Figure Principal 2of 1of Components and the 32 B. for matrix variance-covariance elements i. Attic the determined Agora Athenian in fine Ellipses and 90% unguentaria represent confidence level for wares. in
- \ /TX-?^^^ Unguentaria ?1
Component qO /#-f(unassigned) SIR083 \\
CN j-,-j-,-j-,-j-r-.-,-,-j-,-j-,
I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_I_i_l_ ^
Principal T-0.12 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04
As x
^ j\/A Q_ /0 \ O C\j /-?\ 0O -\/__ /\ c _ware vCN Att'C \ \fine
oo >^sf \ x/ /^^
\
o
O
/\
coo
?~ '
E \ ^\
1
X. X\
^\^^ JO
x_C \h- *\ XXX A igina x. x\x
/g^X/^^^^^^i0S ^______^ -?HWJ to \"/
\00"*\O *x \*^\
-
E ^o/o[~^^^^^\^^ /fabrics HWJ and Hellenistic for level in HWJ membership the fabric to 1; Hellenistic waterjug water-jug close = fabric 2; groups. = Bivariate B.2. Figure plot of Athenian thorium and calcium the in Agora including concentrations samples, calcareous fabrics Pink fabric 1temper 2. and = both fine BNL Ellipses MURR MURR. and analyzed 90% at analyzed represent confidence wares wares, Household coarse
|-~T-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 CTi ' (E^"^\ "B Attic x
(log-base Calcium 10 ppm) ?4.4 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.4
^I_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_
Household ~^^::=:^rr~^^ /S ^~~^ n ^-? ?zz ~?~~~~~?--_ Unguentaria-2
^
n___^____^____ _g + *~ _g
v I x BNL
\\ \J~~ \.and Attic MURR xI x
A
C^^*7^^^
Attic
"v
^v>x v\\ ^"^^^
(+)^--^*
^o,_ fine (ware )\+ ++* \\^^
^x
INAA OF UNGUENTARIA TABLE
B.l.
AGORA
Chemical Group
GROUP
UNGUENTARIA
Analytical ID
AND
ASSIGNMENTS AND
ATTIC
AND ATTIC
DESCRIPTIVE
FINE WARE
397 FOR ATHENIAN
INFORMATION
FINE-WARE
SAMPLES
AT MURR
ANALYZED
Context Form Date
Ware Description
Attic
fine
ware
SIR076
Attic
fine
ware
Attic
fine
ware
SIR077
Attic
fine
ware
Attic
fine
ware
SIR078
Attic
fine
ware
West
Attic
fine
ware
SIR079
Attic
fine
ware
West
Attic
fine
ware
SIR080
Attic
fine
ware
West
Attic
fine
ware
SIR081
Attic
fine
ware
West
Attic
fine
ware
SIR082
Attic
fine
ware
West
Attic fine ware
SIR084
Attic fine ware
Moldmade
bowl
M21:l
Attic fine ware
SIR085
Attic fine ware
Moldmade
bowl
M
Attic fine ware
SIR086
Attic fine ware
Moldmade
bowl
Attic fine ware
SIR087
Attic fine ware
Moldmade
bowl, long-petal
E 15:4 150-125
SIR088
Attic
Moldmade
bowl,
M
Attic
Attic
fine
ware
fine
ware
SIR089
Attic
fine
Black-gloss Black-gloss
ware
fine
ware
bowl,
outturned
rim
E
bowl,
outturned
rim
E
300-200
west
280-250
K-L
18-20:1,
slope slope
kantharos
N
slope
kantharos
N
slope
kantharos
P 225-190 21:4
Moldmade
N
bowl,
SIR090
Attic
fine
(waster)
Rilled-rim
ware
SIR091
Attic
fine
ware
(waster)
Uncertain
Attic
fine
ware
SIR092
Attic
fine
ware
(waster)
Uncertain
N
Attic
fine
ware
SIR093
Attic
fine
ware
(waster)
Uncertain
N
Unguentaria-1
SIR072
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Late
unguentarium
Unguentaria-1
SIR073
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Late
Unguentaria-1
SIR074
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Late
Unguentaria-1
SIR075
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Late
Unguentaria-2
SIR051
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Early
Unguentaria-2
SIR052
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR053
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR054
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR055
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR056
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR057
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR058
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR059
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR060
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR061
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR062
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR063
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR064
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Late
Unguentaria-2
SIR065
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR066
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR067
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR068
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR069
Gray
unguentarium
fabric
Unguentaria-2
SIR070
Gray
unguentarium
Unguentaria-2
SIR071
Gray
unguentarium
Unassigned
SIR083
Attic
fine
M
fill
250-215
21:4,
lower
fill
250-215
all levels
19:1,
M21:l
plate
lower
225-175 21:1
21:1
20:1,
lower
middle
fill
E
long-petal
fine
21:4,
225-175
long-petal
fine
ware
14:1,
D 275-215 11:2
Attic
Gray
250-225
fill
amphora
Attic
Gray
fill
lower
kantharos
ware
Gray
lower
slope
ware
Gray
14:1,
lower
14:1,
225-175
+
115-86
fill
150-50
250-170 250-170
21:4,
middle
fill
225-170
21:4,
middle
fill
225-170
M
20:1, middle
fill
115-86
unguentarium
M
20:1, middle
fill
115-86
unguentarium
E 115-50 14:3
unguentarium
E 115-50 14:3
west
300-250
lower
fill
250-210
21:4,
lower
fill
250-210
21:4,
lower
fill
250-210
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
Early
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
Early
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
Early
unguentarium
E
14:1,
lower
fill
300-200
Early
unguentarium
M
21:1 250-170
unguentarium
G
5:3,
Late
unguentarium
H 160-130 16:4
Late
unguentarium
E 200-125 15:4
Late
unguentarium
E 200-125 15:4
Late
unguentarium
F 13:3,
Late
unguentarium
N
19:1, middle
fill
fabric
Late
unguentarium
N
19:1, middle
fill
125-86
fabric
Late
unguentarium
N
19:1, middle
fill
125-86
Early Early Early Early Early
Early Early Early
West
unguentarium
K-L
unguentarium
D
11:2 300-210
unguentarium
N
21:4,
unguentarium
N
unguentarium
N
slope
amphora
18-20:1,
P21:4 225-175
lower
upper
fill
175-150
fill
150-86 125-86
398 TABLE
B.2.
FOUR
COMPARISON GREEK
COMPOSITIONAL
Analytical ATTIC
OF MURR
FINE WARE
ID Attic
APPENDIX
UNGUENTARIA GROUPS A Attic B
B AND
ATTIC
IDENTIFIED
FINE-WARE
BY FILLIERES
Corinth Aigina
Best Group
PROBABILITIES
SIR076
29.744507
8.753199
0.046154
1 0.003422
SIR077
0.949767
9.106086
0.009232
0.011067 2
SIR078
1.191237
10.087976
0.007787
0.000350 2
SIR079
39.978286
2.659237
0.159281
1 0.003231
SIR080
27.968605
5.252672
0.049769
1 0.002025
SIR081
33.205101
5.628114
0.086677
1 0.002583
SIR082
56.867020
6.489060
0.128582
1 0.006714
SIR084
55.667914
8.291925
0.102022
1 0.006032
SIR085
48.826849
5.873051
0.107682
1 0.012138
SIR086
66.329749
0.391250
0.289658
1 0.032607
SIR087
0.017028
1.907316
0.019122
2 0.172353
SIR088
85.227161
1.696662
1.388024
1 0.210976
SIR089
88.399466
1.177473
0.389208
1 0.015299
SIR090
40.820117
7.530687
0.098136
1 0.004198
SIR091
34.163744
4.305170
0.076402
1 0.009529
SIR092
0.000000
0.222259
0.000705
0.185631 2
SIR093
1.976025
17.520797
0.032267
2 0.002839
UNGUENTARIA-l
PROBABILITIES
SIR072
0.000000
0.013976
0.219970
3 0.000005
SIR073
0.000000
0.025043
0.677153
3 0.000005
SIR074
0.000000
0.021629
0.523959
3 0.000007
SIR075
0.000000
0.034047
0.477181
3 0.000010
UNGUENTARIA-2
PROBABILITIES
SIR051
0.000000
0.001505
0.507934
3 0.000021
SIR052
0.000000
0.003795
0.177533
3 0.000007
SIR053
0.000000
0.005864
0.311914
3 0.000011
SIR054
0.000000
0.004972
0.123752
3 0.000006
SIR055
0.000000
0.007559
0.155775
3 0.000014
SIR056
0.000000
0.001766
0.165735
3 0.000014
SIR057
0.000000
0.003662
0.097629
3 0.000005
SIR058
0.000000
0.001987
0.246355
3 0.000013
SIR059
0.000000
0.005064
0.381118
3 0.000014
SIR060
0.000000
0.005879
0.043448
3 0.000010
SIR061
0.000000
0.004241
0.108346
3 0.000006
SIR062
0.000000
0.003213
0.121913
3 0.000008
SIR063
0.000000
0.002561
0.115425
3 0.000007
SIR064
0.000000
0.004486
0.684772
3 0.000017
SIR065
0.000000
0.003848
0.657680
3 0.000031
SPECIMENS
ET AL.
(1983)*
TO
INAA OF UNGUENTARIA TABLE
AND ATTIC B.2
FINE WARE
399
(CONT.)
A Attic B
Analytical
Attic ID
SIR066
0.000000
0.014464
0.095876
0.000015 3
SIR067
0.000000
0.003166
0.579013
0.000007 3
SIR068
0.000000
0.006069
1.382096
0.000011 3
SIR069
0.000000
0.007924
0.731753
0.000019 3
SIR070
0.000000
0.002447
0.093346
0.000005 3
SIR071
0.000000
0.003395
0.080059
0.000003 3
0.018990
0.000037
0.000670 2
UNASSIGNED
Best Group
PROBABILITIES
SIR083 ^Figures Reference
Corinth Aigina
0.000000 are
Hotelling's and
groups
1 2 3 4 Variables used:
T-square numbers
Attic A Attic B Corinth Aigina Rb Cs
probabilities of specimens:
54 16 29 20 Sc Ce
Eu Hf
derived
Th
Cr
from Mahalanobis
Fe
Co
distance
calculation.
APPENDIX C. RAMAN LASER MICROPROBE
were
Four
the
this project was designed
fabric.1 Although
cooking
identification
of
The
data
produced was analysis
can
that out
carried
line
unique structure
minerals
with
and and the
characteristic
spectrum
its chemical same
(e.g., between different chemical
minerals with rutile, both Ti02 minerals), but the same structure albite and The microcline). (e.g., technique same between and of forms the mineral. highly poorly crystalline inclusions on
focused
croscope,
the
fresh
spots
the
breaks
of
the
can
more These
samples.
selected.
analysis not all resulted
For
in useful
each
C.l,
as other
minerals,
in very
present
small
distinguish
(see Table C.l)
50
between
all within
spectra),
the break. Table C.2 gives the results of analysis of the mineral as well
composi
post-firing changes, analysis a binocular examined with mi
sample,
Raman
also
anatase
to
susceptible were first
up to 625x; inclusions were described
were
(although
were
surface
at total magnifications
for Raman
analyzed
on
as one
a given mineral of both its crystal to between distinguish
tions
Because
as small
fragments laser beam,
de
of Earth
reflection
composition as well as between
and
Schist
to a fuller
contribute
complex It is therefore possible but different structures
composition.2
chemical
is a
that
and
in the Department
scription investigated. at and Sciences Planetary University. Washington The the allows of mineral identification technique unambiguous micrometer in diameter. When irradiated the instrument's with a
each
to test the utility of this method
primarily
it also
inclusions,
the wares
of
emits
one
Raman laser microprobe (RLM) spectroscopy: analyzed using fabric Pink fabric Micaceous 1, 1, fabric, temper water-jug cooking
samples of Hellenistic
for
SPECTROSCOPY
inclusions,
and
were 70 points a very small area of
and
inclusions
described
that were
identified
in Table in
only
RLM
spectroscopy. Some of general interest from this study. First, this work emerge points yet emphasizes, the of limitations examination of inclusions. For what again, macroscopic example, appeared to be three different in Hellenistic inclusions fabric from white waterjug (types 1-3), ranging to to water-clear, were as all identified calcite. in inclusions that Hellenistic yellow Similarly, a fabric were red (type 4) turned out to be hematite, the same min water-jug bright metallic
eral described A
second fabric
per
general and Schist
present apatite, same for both. they
were
as black and shiny inMicaceous cooking in very small This suggests
tempered
with
cooking
is a close
observation
fabric.
similarity at Table A glance
amounts that,
closely
fabric C.2
shows
and Planetary of
Chemistry, and Planetary Susan
1998;
that, with
the list of fabric, cooking the different of very despite appearance similar materials.
of Earth Wopenka, Dept. S. Popelka, Rachel Dept. of Earth Jill D. Pasteris, Dept.
et al. 2002. 1999; Wopenka and Nikischer Freeman,
identified
in Schist
Brigitte
1. Popelka 2. Wopenka,
(type 4).
in the minerals
Pasteris
1998.
Sciences, Univeristy Sciences, I. Rotroff,
in Pink
tem
the exception of is the inclusions the
two fabrics,
Washington of Missouri,
University Columbia
Washington
University
Washington
University
o
bright 4: Type metallic polygranular red,
black 4: flakes Type (in shiny and needles cross-section, fractures edge outer
as
3: flat Type water-clear shards light 5: Type glassy colored, round to elongated
white Type +silver plates 3:small, Type white, shiny4: coherent rind)
pores. schist bles
porosity inclusions; AS that resembles of (large ,ike look quartz.biotite fragments
surfaces; much foamy white materialType dark 3: in
gray, heterogeneous: resem
Inclusion Largest
neously distributed; less porous than but mm, AS few ainclusions ca. <,. 1.25 Type fine.grained; round poiygranular, larger
in than size range 976) (AS inner and large inclusions typically outer abun1.0-1.5 surfaces); pores are black Type 2. ^ blad_ wimout whke; Qr
TABLE C.l. MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION FABRIC OF SAMPLES* localized cracking large inclusions around 2mm ca. many long. ?Type reddish polygranular metaUic> fabric Pink white inclusions all variof matrix; polygranular, 2Type temper creamy 1: white, with angular, coarse-grained are ca. or
dant,flattenedparallelto potsurfaces.
Color Size Shape Matrix of Texture (mm) and Types Inclusions of Inclusions orange-brick coloredmatrix;widerange ca. 1 Type1: round,fine-grained,polygranular, subroundedto fragmental; inclusions 938) (AS sizes; pits of ous surface fragments; elongated large out sizes; various flakes metallic reddish many
Micaceous
cooking
orange-brick
colored
matrix;
fairly
coarser mm fragments andplateshavebronze luster length;
fabric (discolored Schist cooking orange-brick inclusions light colored matrix 2Type to fragmental polygranular, 1: gray subrounded; ca. on not rounded;
fragmental, ho-
AS965.
< 1
Type
1:
translucent
inclusions
fabric(AS965)mogeneous distribution of large most inclusionsare0.4-0.7Tvne2- oravo-lass poresabundant, flattened inclusions; pot mm length;evenlargestare< 1 mm. to parallel fabric (AS 902) of sizes of white inclusions, heterogemost larger inclusions ca. only 0.6 white 976 965; flattened AS and not pores and mm. vellowish 965 (but
not
of
AS
elongated
srh'st")
pores 902);
parallel pot surfaces. to 625x. Observations binocular magnifications with total to *up microscope at
aligned.
o (dominant) associ only, albite*** atedwith
only Raman only Raman only detected detected Raman
(AS 976) Raman Raman only
Schist cookiner detected (AS 938) Raman Raman only
72, 3 ___ type (AS
^ 7V 902) nant),type
Quartz (Albite) 1* Epidote Anhydrite Muscovite 2** Calcite Rutile Apatite Hematite Anatase Graphite
?Type 54with ??
. inclusions
foamy white fabric with ? TABLE C.2. MINERALOGIC IDENTITY DETERMINED OF AS INCLUSIONS BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
detected detected material, Raman form Raman only of,,. 24with Type 34with but in ?with not ?.?
?fabric 1with Type ?
2Type(dominant) 1Type 1,
Crystalline Altered Feldspar Mica
Pink detected temper detected Poorly
original **Inferred structure. was original *Inferred trioctahedral structure. wasdioctahedral
(dominant) 2type (AS 965) 1Raman Type
ter-jug Type wa-(domi1 fabric Hellenistic
Micaceous detected with fabric cooking
***Possibly from pencil mark sherd. on
APPENDIX D. PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
of Anthropology of the University ofWisconsin-Madison James Stoltman of the Department performed quantitative petrographic analyses on 13 samples: five of Pink temper (Groups 1 and 2), four of Schist cooking fabric, and one each of Pinkish buff fabric 1, Cooking fabric 3, Micaceous
fabric,
cooking
in Table D.l
marized Each
sample of materials "matrix"
was
5 cooking
Lopas
(for the household in thin
examined
within
and
the
fabric
section
a
first
The
sions).
the
including which describes
describes quantification all and inclusions. clay Temper the percentages of clay matrix of components further supports
it differs markedly
Other
microscope.
is excluded and
percentages tables below, mm in size and
0.002
are
particles
the
inclu (larger the material,
second
sand
in the type of temper
samples both
classified
quantification, in the particles paste.1 The are shown in Figures D.l and D. 2. of Lopas 5 fabric as non-Attic: cooking
silt and
in body and paste the identification
from all the other
from
fabrics).
In the
and
in the percentage of matrix in the paste. The all the other all have the among similarity samples: a Athens and schist) very metaquartzite, possibly and
(a micaceous is represented
than
sum
and
(0.0625-2.0 mm); temper or the bulk the body, of composition
varying proportions Stoltman's study of quartzite) of degree
less
are
analysis
(for the cooking
microscope counted.
petrographic the basis of points of particles consisting
clay groundmass, means of the petrographic indistinguishable by to size: silt sand (0.002-0.0625 mm); according
of his
results
and Table D.2
fabrics) under
The
on
estimated
to the
refers
fabric.
study same
further general
instead
(trachyte supports type of of
high percentage used the same basic
a
high
temper the paste
It appears, that Attic material for then, by matrix. potters a the manufacture of a wide of with of different functions. vessels, range variety sorts the Stoltman's into different from those Interestingly, analysis samples sug groupings observation. the household of Pink 1 wares, gested by macroscopic Among temper samples
and Pinkish buff 1were grouped of temper
percentage
higher
Household
2 group places between
those
relationship tween two groups, primarily fabric in both appear groups. are
there The
differences
within of
significance other variables,
with
samples
the basis
Thus, Agora
the differences, such as vessel
and
of Pink
two materials. on
in Stoltman's Household
together
in the body
like
a lower
1 group on the basis of a
of silt in the paste.
percentage
1 and 2 together,
temper
supporting
Stoltman's
the close
Stoltman
be Among cooking distinguished of percentage of temper. of Schist Samples cooking the neutron activation these results show that study,
cooking
wares,
fabrics
that
remains however, or date, nor shape
are
not
apparent. macroscopically not and do correlate uncertain, they do to the chemical dif they correlate
ferences
revealed by the neutron activation study (all fall into the Cooking-S group defined was that there considerable variation in the amount of by INAA). They may simply suggest temper effects
1. For 2001.
in this of
some added fabric; potters perhaps thermal in these shock vessels. cooking
a full discussion
of
this
methodology,
see Stoltman
larger
amounts
of
temper
to reduce
the
Sand Points
Sand Points
BODY PASTE
_BODY_ _PASTE_ Mean 80.3?1.2 1.0?0 18.7?1.2 2.3?1.5 2.66?0.47 96.3?1.5 1.3?0.6 1.33?0.58
2.7?1.2 1.3?1.2 93.3?1.5 5.3?0.6 Mean 2.09?0.09 96.0?2.0 1.3?1.2 1.25?0.4 31.7?1.2 68.0?1.0 0.3?0.6 97.0?1.0 2.54?0.28 Mean 2.3?0.6 0.7?0.6 1.00?0
Mean 84.3?1.5 0.3?0.6 15.3?1.2 2.51?0.28 1.0?0 98.3?0.6 0.7?0.6 1.00?0
14.00 grog TABLE D.l. BODY AND PASTE VALUES FOR SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD FABRICS
14.00 grog TABLE D.2. BODY PASTE AND SAMPLES FOR VALUES OF COOKING FABRICS
% % Group Stoltman Sand Fabric Matrix AS No. Temper Size Silt Matrix % Size Sand Counted
4.00 trace grog
% No. Group Sand AS Stoltman Fabric Matrix Temper Size Silt % Size Sand Counted
984 Lopas 5cooking Exotic 76 222 trachyte 1.67 11 87 21.50 311
86 14 Pink 933 0 198 1.00 334 Household 12.61 temper quartzite
1buffi Pinkish 83 920 15 Household 1261 98 1.00 2.19 quartzite
934 Pink temper 1Household 293 25quartzite 2.83 929 Pink temper 42Household 94 292 22LOO 109 5quartzite 2.36 296 21.50 259 938 Pink temper 1Household 184 016 quartzite 2.72 199 0?113 939 Pink temper 1Household 295 05quartzite 1.08 298 0?259
Schist cooking Cooking 281 118 quartzite 2.70 978 Schist 198 cooking Cooking 2179 2.00 350 120 quartzite 3.10 495 11.00 262 977 Schist cooking Cooking 167 033 quartzite 2.76 297 11.00 318 974
963 Cooking fabric 3Cooking 168 131 quartzite 2.23 396 11.00 258 973 Schist cooking Cooking 1 69 0
31 quartzite 2.64
2
98 0 967 ?238 2.17 118 281 Micaceous 96 2.00 265 2Cooking quartzite cooking
407
ANALYSIS
PETROGRAPHIC
50%TEMPER o Household-1
/ \
Household-2
/.\
/ \
/ \
/
\
do
/
Cooking-2
\/
+ ExoticVessel
\
A
/
\\
__
\
/
/ \
/
n Cooking-1 'A
\ \ //
'
\\
Im.><-.-V..\ Nv
____ DO
'
\
/
/
\ \
/
\
\ ' V'
\
\
*
/
v /
\ /
\ /
/
N
x- ' * \t
/
\
S v
'
'
\ /
\ / V
/ k.A.A.A.\
/
\ *
'
\
0
/_?
/
/
\
\ /
\
Z_\L_\L_V_\L_A
100%MATRIX 50% SAND Figure
D.
i . Ternary
of matrix,
diagram
and
sand,
in
temper
of
body
samples
50%SILT /
o Household-1
\
/
Household-2
\ ?
k.;X
/
/
/ \
\
/
\
\
'
/
/ \
/
\
v
/
Cooking-1
Cooking-2
\
+ ExoticVessel
/
\
\
/.V.-*-.\
/
A / \
+.v.v.v.\
A / \
A / \
A / \
A / \
100%MATRIX 50% SAND Figure
D.2.
Ternary
diagram
of matrix,
sand,
and
silt
in paste
of
samples
CONCORDANCES
AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS Inv.
No.
Cat. No.
or
11594 11640 12897 16694
p. p. p. p.
IL315 IL 701 IL1032
p. 80, n. 49 p. 80, n. 49 cf. 81,82
356, 355, 355, 371,
under under under under
IL 1076
82
IL1184
p. 80, n. 49
L540 L567 L599 L1354 L1818 L2007 L2187 L2224 L2285 L2286 L2344 L2380 L2647 L2649 L 2756 L 2790 L 3036 L3037 L 3215 L3719 L 3744 L 3861 L 3907 L 3979 L 4090 L 4091 L 4272 L4356 L 5065 L 5126 L5275 L5352 L5407 L5568 L 5948
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
No.
Page
F F F P
15:2 12:4 13:2 10:3
361, 361, 362, 355, 353, 352, 351, 351, 375, 375, 373, 351, 373, 373, 367, 367, 344, 344, 365, 376, 357, 347, 350, 364, 346, 346, 345, 182
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
HI 6:1 H 16:1 I 17:5 F 12:4 E 15:3 E 10:1 E 3:1 E 3:1 R 13:1 R 13:1 Q 13:1 E 3:1 Q 13:1 Q 13:1 M-N 18:1 M-N 18:1 B 13:7 B 13:7 M 20:4 S 21:1 F 19:6 C 20:2 D 19:2 K-L 18-20:1 B 20:2 B 20:2 B 18:12
362, 373, 343, 376, 351, 354, 348,
under under under under under under under
H-K 12-14 Q 15:2 A 17:3 T 17:3 E 3:1 E 18:7 D 11:4
Inv. No.
MC6 MC 61
Cat.
or
No.
No.
p. 119, n. 195 cf. 376
MC 182
376
MC 201 MC311 MC 577 MC578 MC 579 MC 767 MC858 MC 881 MC973 MC 1317 MC 1330 MC 1331
p. 133, n. cf. 542 cf. 377; p. p. 132, n. cf. 377; p. cf. 376 p. 133, n. cf. 376 p. 133, n. cf. 785; p. 788 799
MC 1675
381
MC
380
1676
Page
275 132, n. 265; p. 133, n. 275 262 132, n. 265; p. 133, n. 275 275 275 209; Table
MC 1677
383
P 151 P152
751 751
P 159 P 189 P 207
cf. 786; p. 209; Table 761 cf. 788; p. 209; Table
P 208
518
P211
cf. 512
P 227
806
P 258 P 269 P 271
cf. 45 781 cf. 506
P 275
765
P 304
820 3, n.
P310
p.
P311 P 366 P 367
Table 9 514 cf. 505
2
P 392
64
P 393 P 394 P 395
212 cf. 24; Table 8 cf. 24; Table 8
P 396 P 397
59 25
P 399 P484 P512 P513
cf. 644 p. 119, n. 195 cf. 95; Table 9 95
12
12 12
410 Inv. No.
Cat.
P 514
96
P515
127
No.
or
Page
No.
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
Cat. No.
or
Page
No.
cf. 202, 203; Table cf. 202, 203; Table
P 2227 P 2242 P 2393
164 428 610
P 2519 P2860
cf. 164; p. 95, n. 109 p. 359, under G 13:4
P 516
Table 6
P 521 P 522 P 523
509 471 470
P 524 P 527
cf. 467 Table 9
P 573
785
P 2872
Table 6
P 627 P 628
cf. 468 cf. 470
P 2873 P 2874 P 2875 P 2881
19 52 717 2
P 2883 P 2884
36 cf. 560; p. 168, n. 4
P 2871
400
P 629
74
P 630 P 636
45 409
P 677 P 678 P 679 P 680
624 630 664 732
P 681 P 682
cf. 732 cf. 732
P 2980 P 3178 P 3186 P 3203 P 3244
P 683 P 766 P 769
787 61 515
P 3309
cf. 145; Table 6
P 3310 P 3354
327 310
P 780 P 877 P 889 P 901 P904 P 905 P911 P 1080
Table 9
P3366 P 3374 P 3390 P 3392 P 3393
p. cf. cf. cf.
P3394 P 3395 P 3396
311 309 189
P1082 P1108
136 498
P 3397
Table 7
P1115
cf. 52; Table 8
P1418 P1452
809 473
P 3398 P 3399 P 3400
274 275 245
P 1455
cf. 426
P1462 P1494 P1522
755 769 455
P 3401 P 3403 P 3404
361 138 40
P 3405
72
P 3406
cf. 72; Table 9
P1527 P1534 P1576 P 1583
505 447 436 cf. 788; p. 209; Table
P1598
457
P3412
671
P1600
456
P1602
771
P 1808 P1824
cf. 788; p. 209; Table cf. 1;Table 6
P3413 P 3414 P 3415
669 690 cf. 669
P 3416
730
P 1825 P1826
20 502
P 3417
cf. 732
P 3418
738
P 1827 P 1838 P 1839
cf. 504 1 124
P 3419
cf. 732
P1878 P1887
424 404
P 3420 P 3421 P 3458 P 3480
685 780 807 232
p. 137, n. 18 595 182 11 559 cf. 21; Table 8 cf. 642
12
12
11 11
P2225 P2226
217 142 699 539 766
cf. 332; p. 118, n. 190 108, n. 164 451 160; p. 94; Table 7 228; Table 7
P 3407
137
P 3408 P 3409 P3411
590 591 cf. 669
P1914
444
P 3560
181
P1948
445
P 3563
155
P 1959
p. 87, n. 79
811
P 2073
p. 70, n. 4
P 3640 P 3779 P 3793
553
P2070
p. 70, n. 4 15
CONCORDANCES Inv. No.
Cat. No.
P P P P P
175 522 246 540 cf. 508
3799 3830 3831 3834 3838
or
Page
No.
Inv.
No.
P 4363 P 4372
P 4376
411 Cat.
No.
or
No.
Page
280 p. 355, under F 12:4
779
P 4385
cf. 306
636 713
508
P 4389 P 4390
P3841
cf. 71; Table 6
P 4406
184
P 3985 P 3998
86 156
P 4034
Table 7
P 4415 P 4423 P 4424
60 123 560
P 4425 P 4433 P 4459 P4460 P 4461
cf. 713 cf. 126; p. 88; Table 5 386 p. 168 558
P 4462
676
P 4463 P 4471
199 cf. 250, 280; p. 113, n. 176; Table 6
P 3839
P 4035
267
P 4036
Table 9
P 4037
279
P 4038 P 4039 P 4040 P 4041 P 4042 P4043
Table 7 cf. 247; p. 110, n. 167; Table 7 cf. 227; Table 7 Table 7 566 cf. 581; Table 12
P 4044
580
P 4045 P 4048 P4050
cf. 651 cf. 389; Table 9 p. 359, under G 13:4
P 4055 P P P P P P P P
4056 4057 4058 4059 4060 4061 4062 4070
P 4071 P 4088 P 4089 P 4090 P 4091 P 4092 P4095 P 4119
297 cf. 255; Table 9 cf. 250, 280; p. 113, n. 176; Table 9 cf. 255; Table 6 Table 9 Table 9 Table 9 cf. 358; Table 9 p. 28, n. 7; p. 132, n. 264; Table 7
278
P 4572 P 4707
230 204
P 4709 P 4710 P4711 P 4880
Table 9 cf. 204 cf. 204 cf. 389; Table 9
P 4881 P 4882
710 213
P P P P P P P P
803 41 574 cf. 642 cf. 600 Table 9 cf. 186; Table 9 cf. 773; p. 212; Table
5464 5530 5531 5532 5533 5534 5535 5542
Table 7 cf. 257; Table 7 Table 7 Table 7 131 cf. 412 cf. 388; p. 137, n. 18; Table 9
P P P P P
283 775
P 5561 P 5637
P4151
336
P 5641
745
P4184
211
P 5644
8
P4185 P 4191
cf. 211; Table 6 784
P5662 P 5700
cf. 775; Table cf. 450
P 4192
798
P 5701
92
P P P P P P
cf. 803; p. 208; p. 214 Table 9 cf. 228; p. 108; Table 9 cf. 165; Table 9 Table 6 cf. 160; Table 6
P 5703
34
P 5707
43
P 5721 P 5726 P 5741
549 554 7
P 5756 P 5783
796 159
P 4124 P4146
4193 4210 4211 4257 4289 4321
P 4326 P 4327
382 486
P 4355
513
P 4358 P 4359 P 4360 P 4361 P 4362
261 281 273 49 606
P 5550 5553 5554 5555 5556 5558
476 cf. 481 351 477 510 479
452 530
P 5785
cf. 64; Table 8
P 5795 P 5797 P5805 P 5806 P 5807
421 842 118 120 47
P5817
cf.430
13
13
412 Inv.
or
CONCORDANCES
No.
Cat.
P 5819
453
P 6646
P 5824
364
P 5826 P5827
p. 156 p. 156
P 6755 P 6758
P 5829 P 5830 P 5832 P5837
No.
Page
410 423 369 113 119 388
P5929 P 5936 P 6005 P 6018 P 6019 P 6022
p. 88, n. 81 cf. 480 480 cf. 147; Table 5
P 6023 P 6027 P 6028 P 6029
552 352 320 666
P 6030
cf. 689
P 6038 P 6154
229 396
P 6185
481
P 6186
475
P P P P
cf. 475 474 cf. 474 201
6187 6188 6189 6218a
No.
Inv.
No.
P 6759
Cat.
No.
or
p. 92, n. 97
160 344 cf. 825; p. 221
P 6760
734
P 6764
p. 33, n. 25
P 6803 P 6884 P 6932 P 6937 P 6938 P 6939 P 6940 P6941 P 6942 P 6945 P 6946 P 6947 P 6953
P 6973 P 6976 P 7039 P 7040 P 7189 P 7202
P 7350 P 7381
No.
Page
512 cf. 763; p. 209; Table 13 p. 63, n. 15; p. 169, n. 7 cf. 2; Table 6 Table 9 9 126 116 Table 9 cf. 717; p. 197 cf. 713 p. 350, under D-E 8-9:1 cf. 126; p. 88
202 203 750 268 366 p. 3, n. 2
412 407
P 6218b P 6219 P 6319 P 6320
742 639 387 415
P 6321 P 6322
cf. 423 cf. 420
P 6324
207
P 6325
cf. 223; Table 7
P 6327
101
P 7723 P 7724
cf. 255; Table 9 Table 9
P 6328 P 6329
55 cf. 64; Table 8
P 7727 P 7728
395 210
P 6330
252
P P P P
cf. cf. cf. cf.
P 7768 P 7772
p. 152, n. 103 p. 70, n. 7
6331 6332 6333 6334
235; Table 6 235; Table 6 235; Table 6 293; p. 30; p. 115, n. 180; Table 8
P 6335
263
P 6336 P 6337 P6338 P 6340 P 6341 P 6342
cf. 317; Table 9 324 cf. 596; Table 12 708 681 cf. 717; Table 12
P 6343
743
P 6344
353
P 6345 P 6346
709 694
P6347 P 6348 P 6350 P 6389 P 6393 P6395 P6529
cf. 693; Table 12 cf. 350; Table 9 174 cf. 250, 280; p. 113, n. 176; Table 6 cf. 713 p. 349, under D 15:3 p. 137, n. 18
P 7386 P7388 P 7391 P7581 P 7602
P 7698 P 7722
P 7775 P 7776 P 7778
cf. 306 p. 151, n. 99 cf. 124; Table 6 p. 96, n. 116 p. 157, n. 120
10 255
21 541 640
P 7779 P7780
cf. 717; Table cf. 717; Table
P 7804
793
P 7885 P7969 P7970 P 7971 P 7975 P 7976 P8021
819 p. p. p. p. cf. cf.
P 8022 P 8023
466 467
P8024 P 8025
cf. 467; p. 157, n. 120 91
12 12
113, n. 175 113, n. 175 184, n. 45 168, n. 6 365; p. 126; Table 6 465; p. 157, n. 120
P 8028
465
P 8029 P 8030 P 8031
451 p. 157, n. 120 464
CONCORDANCES or
Inv.
Inv. No.
Cat. No.
No.
P 8032 P 8034
cf. 70; Table 7 605
P 8067 P8109
163 288
P8110 P8111 P 8130
cf. 275; Table 6 cf. 189; Table 9 cf. 786, 789; p. 209; Table
P8131
378
P 8304 P 8311 P8312 P8313 P8336 P 8396 P 8415 P8416
cf. 197; p. 104, n. 146 cf. 250, 280; p. 113, n. 176 198 197 p. 96, n. 116 p. 220, n. 139 cf. 388; Table 9 cf.405
P8417 P 8418 P 8419 P 8420
638 187 341 372
P 8421 P 8423 P 8424
Table 6 cf. 642 645
P 8425
740
Page
P 8426
cf. 717; Table
P 8427
840
P 8475 P 8487
cf. 150; Table 5 cf. 281
P 8566
200
P 8567
12
12
cf. 200; p. 104; p. 104, n. 150; p. 105
P 8568 P 8569
795 659
P 8570
289
P 8571 P 8572
225 654
P 8581 P 8582 P8583 P 8586
cf. 303; Table 7 223 114 147
P 8587
148
P 8588 P 8596 P8790 P 8902 P 8905
cf. 147; p. 16; Table 5 cf. 389; Table 9 p. 156, n. 115 p. 77, n. 33; Table 9 cf. 316; Table 6
P 8923
482
P 8927
354
P 8932
p.
P 8933
Table 5 cf. 322
3, n.
1; p.
19, n.
4; p.
65,
n.
21;
P 8938
322 547
P 8976
398
P 8977
cf. 398; p. 139, n. 38; p. 142, n. 52; p. 144, n. 66; p. 145, n. 73; Table 9 cf. 398; p. 139, n. 38; p. 144; Table 9 p. 86, n. 72; Table 9
P 9032 P 9070 P 9079 P9081
325 494 330 112
No.
Cat.
No.
or
Page
P9084 P9111 P9113
p. 156, n. 115 cf. 281 p. 113, n. 175
P9114 P9120 P9129
285 343 73
P 9232 P 9235 P 9292 P 9323 P9325 P 9331 P 9360 P9362 P 9400
p. 95, n. 109 cf. 373 cf. 449 420 p. 126, n. 236 838 493 p. 122, n. 209 108
P 9401
693
P 9550 P9814 P9897 P9923 P 10049 P 10071 P 10088 P 10128 P 10250 P10258 P 10300 P 10304 P 10305 P 10308 P 10309 P 10310 P 10312-P P 10381 P 10404 P 10439 P10440 P10449 P 10635
cf. 534 519
P 10685 P 10719 P 10791
P 8939
P 8978 P 8981
413
p. 97, n. 118 p. 96, n. 116 p. 96, n. 116 p. 196, n. 88 p. 146, nn. 87, 88 cf. 676; p. 187, n. 57; p. 188, n. 59 516 5 cf. 414 cf. 504 cf. 504 cf. 504 p. 153, n. 105 p. 153, n. 105 10314 p. 153, n. 105 p. 154, n. 108 p. 154, n. 108 30 715 23 cf. 748; p. 45, n. 32; p. 206; p. 212; Table 13; Table 15 p. 151, n. 99 Table 12 p. 76, n. 30
P10831
700
P 10832 P10894 P10895a P10896 P 10900a, b P 10901 P 11011 P 11017 P 11143 P 11148
cf. 474 389 491 550
P11204 P11209
335 527
P P P P P
p. p. p. p. p.
11220 11222 11223 11230 11231
No.
p. 108, n. 164 613 p. 95, n. 109 p. 126, n. 236 p. 76, n. 30 cf. 165; p. 95
113; Table 9 176, n. 30 176, n. 30 344, under B 13:7 344, under B 13:7
414 Inv. No.
No.
Cat.
or
Page
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
No.
No.
Cat.
or
Page
No.
P 11245
14
P 11886
cf. 190; Table 7
P11246 P11247
597 644
P11887
326
P 11276
p. 122, n. 209
P 11888 P 11889
cf. 282; p. 113, n. 175; Table 6 Table 7
P11289
308
P11890
632
P P P P
cf. 6; p. 71; Table 9 cf. 45; Table 9 45 340
P 11891 P11892 P11893
cf. 77; p. 65, n. 21; p. 80, n. 42; Table 7 162 144
P11329
111
P11894
153
P 11421
p. 84, n. 69
P11422 P11423 P11424
391 173 258
P 11895 P 11898
cf. 788; p. 209; p. 218; Table cf. 657
P 11454 P 11455 P11456 P 11457 P11478 P 11487 P 11509
cf. 388; Table 9 cf. 389; Table 9 563 cf. 728 p. 186 p. 96, n. 116 cf. 606; p. 175, n. 28
P11899 P 11900 P 11901 P11902
688 704 653 667
11290 11291 11292 11293
P 11535 P P P P P P
11585 11618 11640 11650 11651 11652
205 p. 90, n. 92 p. 90, n. 92 p. 96, n. 116 p. 76, n. 30 cf. 145; p. 90, n. 94; Table 6 p. 102, n. 142
P 11904
cf. 588
P 11905
592
P11906 P 11907 P 11908 P 11909 P 11910 P 11911 P 11966 P 12024 P 12026 P 12044
612 cf. 608; p. 176, n. 29 cf. 606; p. 175, n. 28 cf. 606; p. 175, n. 28 p. 194, n. 82 cf. 371; p. 65, n. 21; Table 9 p. 92, n. 97 cf. 433 Table 8 cf. 825
P11670 P11671 P11672 P 11673
302 294 240 208
P12065
370
P12088a
661
P12088b P12089
735 83
P11674 P11675 P11676
684 317 p. 169
P12094 P12101
523 478
P 12159
321
P11677
723
P 11682 P 11683
Table 7 cf. 732; p. 45, n. 35; p. 47; Table
P 12161 P 12164
cf. 480 cf. 332; p. 118, n. 190
P12165
206
P 12188 P 12506
cf. 752; p. 206; p. 216; Table p. 76, n. 30
P12642
490
P P P P P P P
12706 12990 13104 13111 13306 13431 13454
cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. 46 cf.
P 11686
105
13
P 11687 P11688 P 11689 P 11761 P 11789 P 11809 P 11848 P11861 P11862
65 607 Table 7 Table 9 cf. 723 p. 136, n. 12 p. 368, under N 19:1 154 168
P11863 P11864
316 318
P 13457 P13458
24 22
P 11865
cf. 316; Table 6
P11868 P11869 P11872 P11873
572 77 100 534
P 13459 P13483a
31 602
P13483b
714
P 11874 P11876
cf. 534; p. 65, n. 21 140
P13484 P 13489 P 13490 P13491
cf.423 cf. 567; p. 169 463 460
P 11882
674
P13492
461
P 11883 P 11884 P 11885
cf. 290 290 cf. 190; Table 7
P 13493 P13494 P 13495
cf. 461 459 cf. 462
1; Table 6 1;Table 6 450; p. 141 81; Table 7 71; Table 6 2; p. 70; Table 9
12
13
CONCORDANCES or
415 or
Inv. No.
Cat. No.
P13496 P 13497 P 13498 P13499
P13502 P13503
243 287
P 14339
224
P 13559 P 13562 P 13569 P13691 P13692 P 13693
cf. 1;Table 6 cf. 6; p. 71, n. 10; Table 6 cf. 198; p. 104, n. 146 462 300 cf. 300; Table 7
P14341 P 14360 P 14363 P14364 P 14365
367
P13694
303
P14397
698
P 13695 P13696 P 13697
cf. 303; Table 7 304 cf. 243; Table 7
P 14398 P14400 P 14430
P 13698 P 13699
Table 6 406 p. 3, n. 1; p. 65, n. 21; Table 6
248 257
P
P 13700 P 13701
cf. 287; Table 9 222
P 14432
686
P 13702
221
P 13703 P13704
270 271
P 13705 P13706 P13707
188 568 594
P 14434 P14435 P14437 P14438 P 14439 P14440
180 179 573 525 cf. 540; p. 65, n. 21 355
P14442
99
P13708 P13709a P 13709b
629 665 cf. 665
P14443 P 14444
347 139
P14445
132
P 13710 P 13711 P13712
657 752 42
P14446
134
P P P P
p. 184, n. 45 cf. 825; p. 221, n. 140 cf. 254 p. 370, under O 20:3
14099 14122 14140 14166
P 14172 P14173 P 14174
P 14175 P14176 P14177
Inv. No.
Cat.
567 cf. 567
P14314
741
P 14320
776
p. 139, n. 35 441
P 14330 P 14331 P14338
p. 354, under E 15:4 p. 80, n. 49 178
Page
No.
579 561 cf. 561; p. 169
53 58 844
P 14178
cf. 5; Table 9
P 14194
332
P P P P P P
cf. 54; Table 8 57 349 cf. 344; p. 122; Table 7 cf. 222; Table 9 626
14195 14198 14229 14232 14233 14234
P 14250
295
P P P P
cf. 247; Table 7 cf. 343; Table 9 p. 375, under R 19:1 p. 220, n. 139
14262 14263 14265 14269
14431
No.
Page
No.
p. 203, n. 112 p. 353, under E 14:6 158 cf. 788, 789; p. 203, n. 112; p. 209; Table 12
p.
3, n.
1; p.
19, n.
Table 5
P14447
129
P14448 P14451
50 165
P14452
265
P14453 P14454 P14455 P14456
362 194 193 191
P14457 P14458 P14459 P14460
260 276 301 618
P14461 P14462 P14463 P14464 P14465 P 14466 P14467 P14468 P14469 P 14478
623 673 683 689 570 cf. 144; p. 65, n. 21 789 323 385 Table 7
P14479 P14480 P14481
94 272 371 p. 196, nn. 87, 88
P14293
439
P 14655
P 14309 P 14310 P 14311
cf. 70; Table 7 cf. 303; Table 7 305
P 14724
P 14312
286
P 14313
cf. 188; Table 7
P P P P
14802 14839 14852 15024
812 813 p. 102, n. 142 cf. 199; Table 9 cf. 482
4; p.
65,
n.
21;
416 Inv.
No.
Cat.
No.
or
Page
No.
P15064
426
P 15068 P15129 P 15157 P 15159 P 15169 P 15291 P 15314 P 15407 P 15408
p. 132, n. 265 417 p. 132, n. 265 504 419 p. 77, n. 34 p. 77, n. 34 p. 361, under HI 7:1 cf. 125; pp. 87-88; Table 5
P15432 P15453
537 581
P 15537 P 15564
cf. 177; Table 6 cf. 371; Table 9
P 15650
93
P15651 P15652 P 15659
98 631 cf. 147; Table 5
P15708 P15731 P15785 P15855
758 832 339 608
P15869 P15892 P 15897
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
P 16289 P 16290
Cat.
No.
or
Page
No.
253 293
P 16291
314
P 16292 P 16293
836 642
P16294 P 16386 P 16395
663 cf. 45 109
P16396
71
P 16397
cf. 679; Table
P 16398 P16401 P 16404
226 328 170
P 16407 P 16409 P 16453 P 16520 P 16622 P16624 P 16643
p. 357, under F 19:3 p. 357, under F 19:3 p. 70, n. 4 p. 222, n. 148 cf. 68; p. 20, n. 7; Table 6 12 p. 364, under K-L 18-20:1
P 16658
13
172
P 16659
507
p. 119, n.195 110 cf. 261; Table 6
P16668 P 16720
757 149
P 16947
P15900 P15902
p. 119, n. 195
128 342
P17023
586
P 17024
cf. 95; Table 9
P 15965 P 16103 P16104 P16105 P 16112 P16114 P 16115
p. 70, n. 4 cf. 141; Table 6 152 284 84 141 cf. 141; Table 7
P 17025
97
P 17031 P 17034 P 17035
p. 346, under B 20:2 p. 154, n. 109; p. 346, under B 20:2 488
P 17037 P17038
44 135
P 17039
346
P16116
375
P 16122 P 16123
p. 20, n. 6; Table 6 Table 8
P17040 P17041 P 17042
298 269 209 p. 45; p. 184; Table 13 117 cf. 346; p. 122 35 p. 137, n. 18; Table 9 cf. 505 p. 76, n. 30 cf. 374 cf. 404, p. 150
P16127
414
P P P P P P P P
p. 87, n. 79 Table 8 cf. 41; Table 9 Table 8 575 cf. 717; Table 12 551 Table 7
P P P P P P P P P
P16207
315
P17163
377
P16214
695
P17409
524
P16216
416
P16261
443
P 17518 P 17519
13 18
P16276 P16277 P 16279 P16281
532 329 115 37
P 17561 P 17584
cf. 746, 754; p. 207; p. 212; Tables p. 184, n. 49
P17588
754
P 16282
cf. 63; Table 8
P16283 P16284
63 104
P 17602 P 17603 P 17605
cf. 413,418 418 501
P 17745
843
P16285
103
P16286
359
P 17822 P 17869
p. 222, n. 148 p. 3, n. 2
P 16287 P16288
236 235
P 17945
16129 16159 16160 16161 16162 16163 16165 16203
17044 17045 17046 17082 17086 17119 17131 17148 17162
P 17878
538 p. 136, n. 12
13, 15
CONCORDANCES Inv. No.
Cat.
No.
or
Page
Inv.
No.
No.
417 Cat.
No.
or
Page
P17976 P 17979 P 17980 P 17983 P 17985 P 17986 P 17987 P 17988
264 p. 203, n. 112; p. 343, under A 18:1 p. 203, n. 112 p. 203, n. 112; p. 343, under A 18:1 214 186 cf. 297; Table 5 Table 7
P19115 P 19116 P19118 P 19179 P 19227 P 19255 P 19266
P19283
75
P 17989 P18297
783 133
P 19365 P 19366
6 cf. 13; Table 6
P18320 P 18367 P 18471
841 cf. 177 p. 74, n. 28
P19367
292
P19402 P 19422 P 19444
p. 76, n. 30 p. 98, n. 126 cf. 713
p. 152, n. 103 p. 80, n. 41; p. 223, n. 156 17 p. 87, n. 79
P 19445
720
P P P P P P P
Table 7 80
P 18472 P P P P
18571 18573 18580 18609
P 18745
411
379
19471 19473 19509 19510 19517 19533 19568
526 p. 98, n. 125 166 cf. 127; p. 88, n. 82; Table 9 p. 98, n. 125 593 p. 145, n. 72
p. 126, n. 238 p. 126, n. 238 56 399 p. 3, n. 1; p. 19, n. 4; Table 5
P 18749 P18750 P 18751
548 520 487
P18752 P18753
503 431
P18754 P18755 P 18761 P18766
435 434
P 19707
cf. 504
p. 119, n. 193 169
P19713
239
P18768
66
P 19715
643
P18769 P18770 P18771
16 171 215
P18772
241
P19716 P19719 P 19721 P 19727
598 157 cf. 117; Table 8 cf. 2; Table 6
P 19570 P19699 P 19700
P 19714
814 250 251
cf. 561; p. 169
P 18773
cf. 240, 241; Table 7
P19736
296
P18774 P18775 P18776 P18777 P18778 P18779
256 262 266 237 195 658
P 19750 P19756 P 19783 P 19786
cf. 268; Table 7 425 Table 9 cf. 188; Table 7
P19787 P19788
220 151
P18780 P18781a
649 650
P19789 P19798
448 528
P18781b P 18782
726 711
P19807
682
P 18783 P 18784 P 18785 P18786 P18787 P 18788 P18789 P18790
719 728 744 564 565 599 834 696
P 19890 P19891 P19900 P 19901 P 19902 P 19903 P19904 P19910 P 19911 P 19913 P 19916
350 331 727 cf. 727 680 cf. 728 67 652 825 733
P 18791
679
P 18843 P 18868 P 18876 P 19080 P 19101 P19102
p. 122, n. 210 p. 126, n. 236 cf. 561; p. 168, n. 6; Table 792 577 833
P19112 P19113
531 571
P 19919 12
No.
p. 350, under D 17:5
506
P 19930 P 19931 P 19935 P19938
p. 349, under D 17:4 cf. 90; Table 7 cf. 450 670
P 19947
588
P 20050
p. 343, under A 18:1
418 or
No.
Inv. No.
Cat.
P 20204
p. 372, under Q 8-9
P 20254 P 20277
No.
Page
CONCORDANCES
228 546
Inv. No.
No.
Cat.
P 21319
26
P 21320
87
or
Page
No.
P 20284
Table 7
P 21321 P 21322
cf. 32; Table 7 cf. 87; Table 7
P 20288
543
P 21323
69
P 20331
cf. 426
P 20385
394
P 21327 P 21463
cf. 75; p. 79, n. 40 p. 362, under H-I 12:1
P 20438
cf. 221; Table 7
P 20442 P 20443 P 20447
628 529 90
P P P P P P P
cf. 647 cf. 33; Table 7 cf. 516 363 p. 353, under E 14:3 161 cf. 293, 294; p. 30; p. 30, n. 10; p. 115, n. 180; Table 8
20448 20449 20490 20491 20494 20500 20501
P 20506 P 20512
357 82
P 20514
cf. 355; p. 65, n. 21; p. 124, n. 227; Table 9 cf. 77, 81; p. 65, n. 21; p. 80, n. 42; Table 6
P 20515
P 21621 P 21738 P 21746
P 21750 P 21752 P P P P P
21755 21756 21757 21765 21770
P 21772 P 21788
P 21798 P P P P P P P
21927 21928 21945 21947 21956 21959 22051
822 247 p. 184, n. 45
791 145
cf. 290 p. 113, n. 175 p. 113, n. 175 cf. Ill p. 81
365 p. 97, n. 118
839 p. 106, n. p. 106, n. p. 189, n. p. 177, n. p. 104, n. p. 222, n. Table 6
155 155 61 34 145 148
P 20546
79
P 20557 P 20565 P 20581
p. 137, n. 18 p. 3, n. 2 p. 370, under O 20:3
P 20589 P 20592 P 20723
777 282 458
P 22130 P 22131
cf. 542; Table 9
P 20782
p. 119, n. 195
P 22196
729
150 227 313 625 774 829 746
P 22199a, b P 22199c
749 cf. 796; p. 215, n. 132; p. 217; p. 219; Table 12
P 22200 P 22214
816 438
P 22287
p. 122, n. 209
P 20837 P 20865 P 20885 P 20891 P 20980 P 20981 P 20982 P P P P P
20994 21048 21049 21059-P 21073
cf. 665; Table 13 p. 362, under H-K 12-14 p. 362, under H-K 12-14 21062 p. 132, n. 264 cf. 379; Table 5
P 22052
786
P 22091 P 22107
p. 126, n. 237 p. 86; Table 9
P 22469 P P P P P P
22485 22486 22491 22676 22790 22791
627
33
808 cf. 423 392 cf. 149; p. 16; Table 5 cf. 492; p. 140, n. 41 cf. 492; p. 140, n. 41
P 21074 P 21076
384 542
P 22814
446
P 21108 P 21157
804 Table 6
P 22815 P 22816
429 cf. 769; p. 203; p. 211; Table
32
P 22841 P 22842
767 764 cf. 487 p. 362, under H-K 338
P 21187 P 21188
cf. 87; Table 7
P 21189 P 21190 P 21311 P 21312 P21313 P 21314
89 582 587 589 190 48
P 22856 P 22858 P 22861
P 21315
cf. 87; Table 7
P 22891
497
P 21316
88
P 21317
cf. 87; Table 7
P 21318
28
P 22892 P 22905 P 22948
485 432 cf. 654
P 22873
521
P 22877 P 22882
p. 98, n. 125 p. 103, n. 143
12-14
13
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
Cat. No.
P 22950
442
P 22974 P 22977
348 770
P 23040
or
cf. 490; p. 140, n. 41
P 23042 P 23082 P 23084 P 23085
496 536 810 337
P 23095 P 23096 P 23257
p. 362, under cf. 729 p. 142, n. 52
P 23274 P 23601 P P P P
23603 23604 23681 23766
P 23792 P 23797
No.
Page
Cat.
P P P P
499 cf. 81; Table 6 81 405
26032 26040 26041 26044
P 26268
No.
or
Inv. No.
P 26057 P 26159 P 26160 P 26161 P 26162 P 26227
114:2
419
413 562 176 122 299 768 cf. 473; p. 154, n. 109
333 319
P 26269 P 26270
437 cf. 649 cf. 164; p. 95, n. 109 p. 362, under I 14:2
P P P P
P 26397
805
cf. 460 cf. 746; p. 205; Table
p. 356, under F 16:6 500 p. 376, under T 17:3 Table 9
794 782
26271 26272 26330-P 26396
219 242 651 cf. 728 cf. 492; p. 139, n. 40 26336 800
P 24033
773
P P P P
P 24034 P 24039
cf. 487
P 26661
596
p. 132, n. 264
797 778
P P P P P
cf. 126; Table 5
P 26878
cf. 492; p. cf. 344; p. p. 151, n. Table 9 cf. 752; p.
P 23803 P 23804
P 24089 P 24181
P 24236 P 24239 P 24306
p. 94, n. 106
70
P 24819
p. 362, under H-K
P 24933
P 24934 P 24935
13
763
P 24803 P 24932
440
13
545
P 26957
790
P 26963
p. 152, n. 103
P 26965
cf. 677; p. 187, n. 57; p. 188 cf. 640 Table 6
P 26969
557
P 26970 P 26972 P 27195
p. 3, n. 2 p. 187, n. 57 cf. 639; p. 179
P P P P P
p. 350, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 350, under D-E 8-9:1 54 27 533
P 25442
76
P 25444 P 25603
p. 369, under O 16:3 cf. 177
P 25623
756
P P P P P P P P P P
Table 6
P 26024 P 26031
206; Table
102
P 26966 P 26967 P 26968
835
P 25986
140, n. 41 122, n. 209; Table 7 99
85 38
P 25302
P 25895
26679 26733 26736 26855 26865
p. 78, n. 35; Table 7
p. 220, n. 139 Table 8
25624 25684 25691 25693 25696 25796 25799 25802b 25818 25874
26437 26446 26448 26520
P 26955 12-14
P 25008 P 25262 25412 25413 25435 25438 25441
No.
Page
p. 142, n. 52; Table 9 cf. 249; p. Ill, n. 171; Table 6 cf. 102 403 cf. 165; Table 9 cf. 28, 32; Table 7 p. 343, under A 16:4 489 p. 88, n. 81
P 27197 P 27214 P P P P P
678 748
27222 27223 27224 27365 27406
cf. cf. cf. cf. cf.
P 27431 P 27432
422 433
P 27611
449
556 250; Table 6 221; Table 7 303; Table 7 183
P 27612
492
P 27615
p. 367, under
P 27704 P 27787 P 27913 P 27971
p. 357, under F 17:3
P 27973 P 27974 P 27976
177 472
P 27977 P 27982
747
677
544 125 555
p. 152, n. 103
637 249 29 cf. 556 p. 122, n. 209
I-O 15:1
420 Inv.
No.
P 27989 P 27990 P 28037-P
P 28044 P 28067 P 28074 P 28075
Cat.
No.
or
Page
556
Inv.
No.
Cat.
No.
or
No.
Page
P 28794 P 28797 P 28926
Table 7 cf. 414, 422 cf. 166; Table 7
62 306 234
P 28980
427
P 28981
430
P 28982
454
cf. 560; p. 168, n. 4
P P P P P P P P P P P
cf. 85; Table 7 p. 86, n. 72; Table 9 cf. 125; p. 87; Table 5 4 p. 29, n. 9; Table 8 Table 6 cf. 6; Table 9 cf. 13; Table 6 cf. 2, 5; Table 9 cf. 243; Table 7 cf. 268; Table 7
cf. 249; p. Ill, n. 170; Table 6 28040 p. 122, n. 209
P 28079 P 28080
641 718
P P P P P P P P
cf. 13; Table 6 828 cf. 188; Table 7 Table 7 495 cf. 289; Table 9 183 185
28081 28083 28107 28109 28112 28117 28144 28145
No.
CONCORDANCES
P 28146 P 28147 P 28201
358 603 390
P 28202
Table 6
P 28203 P 28204 P 28207 P 28208 P 28209
106 356 716 731 736
P 28210
P 28212 P 28220 P 28314 P 28316
29216 29234 29235 29264 29265 29266 29267 29300 29301 29302 29303
P 29305
291
P 29335
cf. 286
P 29348 P 29349 P 29350 P 29351 P 29352
646 647 648 725 724
Table 9
P 29353 P 29355 P 29356
cf. 599 633 Table 7
585 760 468 569
P 29357 P 29358 P 29747 P 30205
584 583 238 408
P 28372 P 28400
cf. 186; Table 9 cf. 754; p. 44; p. 61, n. 14; p. 207; Table 13
P 30260 P 30261 P 30430
483 484 334
P 28401 P 28402
772 801
P 30431
233
P 28428 P 28429 P 28434
469 450 259
P 28436
167
P P P P P P P P P P
143 cf. 669; p. 185 601 837 cf. 535 cf. 535 68 cf. 333 360 244
P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
p. 372, under P 21:4 402 401 401 3 cf. 513 517 cf. 541; Table 9 cf. 541; Table 9 p. 354, under E 15:4 Table 9 cf. 761, 783; p. 208; Table 12 802 p. 363, under J 2:1 cf. 472, 511; p. 159, n. 132 p. 372, under Q 8-9 cf. 728
28444 28447 28448 28449 28460 28461 28463 28470 28483 28486
P 28522
535
P 28523 P 28575 P 28643
cf. 810; p. 219, n. 136 p. 99, n. 128 cf. 420
P 28649 P 28650
218 216
P P P P P
p. p. p. cf.
28679 28682 28684 28777 28778
151, n. 99 151, n. 99 151, n. 99 266; Table 7 p. 103, n. 143
30432 30944 30948 30950 30953 30975 30976 31086 31087 31140 32169 31390 31391 31395 31400 31696 31708
P 31709
753
P P P P P P P P
cf. 160; Table p. 372, under cf. 713 cf.401 39 p. 136; Table p. 364, under 393
31731 31740 31752 31757 31804 31806 31863 31872
9 Q 8-9
9 K-L
18-20:1
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
P 31936
P 31950 P 32142
Cat.
No.
or
Page
No.
p. 357, under F 19:6
762 Table 9
P 32166
759
P 32167
Table 6
P 32493 P 32638 P 32639 P 32640 P 32641 P 32642
702 831 622 705 737 656
P P P P
32643 32644 32645 32646
845 668 600 614
P 32647 P 32648
634 576
P 32649
cf. 828
P 32650 P 32651 P 32653 P 32654 P 32655 P 32656
Inv.
P P P P
No.
33090 33091 33281 33285
421 Cat.
No.
692 397 817
P P P P
823 824 cf. 590 cf. 590
P 33307
697
P P P P
cf. 393; Table 9 78 827 373
33312 33330 33332 33333
P 33336 P 33345
615 826
312 307 655 368 277 721
P 33399
616
P 33407
620
P 33408 P 33485
619 cf. 130
P 33577 P 33712
706 821
P 32657 P 32658 P 32659
cf. 575; p. 63, n. 15 254 830
P 33780
cf. 322
P 33782
51
P 33785
675
P 32662
146
P 32663
847
P 33843 P 33927
231 815
P 32664
712
P 33928
818
P 32665 P 32666
846
P 33954
722
p. 74; Table 9
P P P P
cf. cf. cf. cf.
P 32668 P 32669 P 32670
196 635 578
P 32671
660
P 32672 P 32673
617 672
P 32676 P 32677 P 32678
604 611 cf. 634, 635
P 32679 P 32680 P 32681
703 687 691
P P P P P P P P P P
621 701 130 Table 7 Table 6 p. 102, n. 141 Table 6 p. 182 511 192
32868 32869 33002 33003 33011 33033 33041 33044 33045 33046
P 33047 P 33052
609 662
P 33053 P 33054 P 33074
cf. 666, 745; p. 184; p. 185; p. 185, n. 50; Table 12 cf. 745; p. 185, n. 50; p. 199 cf. 130; Table 6
P 33089
707
Page
33960 34501 34502 34616
SS 64 SS 148 SS 282 SS 333 SS336 SS349 SS366 SS370 SS 1160 SS 1692 SS2158 SS2160 552173 552174 SS 2176 SS 2259 SS2618 SS3016 SS 3196 SS3199 SS3217 SS3219 SS 3221 SS3227 SS3229
No.
cf. 145; p. 91; Table 9 cf. 81; Table 6 121 739
P 33295 P 33301 P 33302 33303 33304 33305 33306
or
401 602 814; p. 220 367 under under under under under under under under under
H H G G H I I H G
6:9 6:4 6:2 14:5 16:4 17:5 16:5 16:3 13:4
356, under 356, under 356, under 356, under 356, under 356, under 355, under 355, under 366, under 366, under 358 under 358, under 360, under 355, under 355, under
F F F F F E F F M M G G H F F
15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 11:2 12:3 23:1 23:1 11:1 11:1 6:9 12:4 12:4
p. 360, p. 360, p. 358, p. 359, p. 361, p. 362, p. 362, p. 361, p. 359, cf. 107 p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
422 Inv. No.
SS 3230 SS 3679 SS3680 SS 3784 SS 3786 SS3811 SS4173 SS 4266 SS4268 SS4475 SS 4494 SS4511 SS 4598 SS 4600 SS 4840 SS4864 SS 4873 SS 4916 SS 4947a, b SS4997 SS 5012 SS 5018 SS 5029 SS 5109 SS 5306 SS 5373 SS 5748 SS6127 556167 556168 556169 556170 SS 6428 SS 6500 SS 6502 SS 6504 SS 6523 SS 6579 SS 6585 SS 6599 SS 6604 SS 6610 SS 6613 SS 6789 SS 6791 SS 6794 SS 6795 SS 6799 SS 6802 SS 6808 SS6810 SS6818 SS6845 SS6857 SS6914 SS 6998 SS 7085 SS 7162 SS 7220 SS7313 SS 7332
Cat. No.
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
355, 356, 356, 367, 367, 367, 352, 352, 352, 363, 363, 363, 354, 354, 350, 347, 348, 352, 373, 352, 349, 349, 349, 349, 348, 373, 347, 351, 353, 353, 353, 353, 344, 351, 351, 351, 344, 366, 366, 347, 347, 347, 347, 368, 365, 365, 365, 365, 365, 365, 368, 351, 351, 351, 367, 364, 363, 368, 368, 367, 348,
or
Page
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
No.
F 12:3 F 13:3 F 13:3 N 10:2 N 10:2 N 10:2 E 14:1 E 14:1 El 4:1 K 7:1 K 7:1 K 7:1 E 15:4 E 15:4 D-E 8-9:1 CI 0:1 D 10:3 E 10:1 Q11:3 E 10:1 D 12:2 D 12:2 D 12:2 D 12:2 D 11:4 Q11:3 C 12:2 E 3:1 E 14:9 E 14:6 El 4:6 E 14:6 B 13:3 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 B 13:1 I-O 15:1 I-O 15:1 C 9:7 C 9:7 C 9:7 C 10:1 N 19:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 N 19:1 E 5:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 N 18:3 M 18:2 K 18:2 N 19:1 N 19:1 N 19:1 D 5:2
CONCORDANCES Inv.
No.
SS 7368 SS 7419 SS7581 SS 7582 SS 7583 SS 7650 SS 7655 SS 7656 SS7664 SS7717 SS7771 SS 7790 SS 7898 SS 7916 SS 7918 SS 7929 SS 8020 SS 8074 SS 8081 SS 8084 SS 8100 SS 8120 SS 8123 SS8124 SS 8133 SS 8147 SS8161 SS8190 SS 8196 SS 8280 SS 8933 SS 8934 SS 9201 SS 9202 SS 9275 SS9291 SS 9301 SS 9349 SS 9375 SS 9378 SS 9383 SS 9385 SS 9395 SS 9461 SS 9464 SS 9512 SS 9543 SS 9569 SS 9590 SS 9662 SS 9663 SS 9744 SS 9901 SS 9903 SS 9910 559916 559917 SS 9918 SS 10088 SS 10170 SS 10255
Cat. No.
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
368, 345, 344, 344, 344, 360, 360, 360, 354, 354, 371, 360, 368, 368, 368, 368, 370, 370, 370, 375, 376, 376, 376, 376, 371, 360, 376, 375, 358, 365, 369, 369, 350, 350, 347, 375, 350, 347, 346, 346, 346, 375, 350, 357, 359, 346, 364, 346, 346, 364, 346, 346, 345, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 345, 344, 347,
or
Page
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
No.
N 19:1 B 14:6 B 13:7 B 13:7 B 13:7 H 12:1 H 12:1 H 12:1 F 5:1 F 5:1 P 10:2 H 12:1 N 20:7 N 20:4 N 20:4 N 20:4 O 20:2 O 20:1 O 20:3 S 19:2 T 27:1 T 27:1 T 27:1 T 27:1 O 20:3 H 12:1 T 27:1 R 19:1 G 5:3 M 20:1 N 21:4 N 21:4 D 19:2 D 19:2 C 20:2 R 21:2 D-E 15:1 C 20:2 B 20:2 B 20:2 B 20:2 R 21:2 D-E 15:1 F 19:6 G 14:2 B 21:25 K-L 18-20:1 B 21:24 B 22:2 L-M 19:1 B 20:7 B 21:24 B 18:13 A 18:1 A 18:1 A 18:1 A 18:1 A 18:1 B 18:12 A-B 19-20:1 C 18:3
CONCORDANCES or
Inv. No.
Cat. No.
SS 10259
cf. 107
SS 10260
107
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
p. 365, under cf. 107 p. 350, under p. 349, under p. 360, under p. 350, under p. 349, under p. 372, under p. 372, under p. 370, under p. 374, under p. 374, under p. 373, under p. 362, under p. 374, under p. 374, under p. 374, under p. 374, under p. 370, under p. 371, under p. 371, under p. 374, under p. 366, under p. 282, under p. 366, under p. 372, under
10286 10316 10332 10340 10450 10498 10712 10799 10831 11003 11069 11076 11122 11174 11231 11356 11362 11367 11443 11496 11524 11621 12190 12422 12625 13233
Page
No.
M 21:1 D D H D D
17:11 16:1 13:1 17:5 17:4 8-9 Q Q 8-9 O-R 7-10 Q-R 10-11:3 Q-R 10-11:1 Q 12:1 H-I 12:1 R 10:1 R 9:5 R 9:5 R 9:5 O-R 7-10 O-R 7-10 O-R 7-10 Q-R 10-11:1 M-N 15:1 348 M-N 15:1 Q 9:4
423 or
Inv. No.
Cat.
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
p. 373, under Q 15:2 cf. 107 p. 369, under O 16:3 p. 343, under A 17:3 p. 364, under L 17:7 p. 364, under L 17:7 p. 365, under M 18:10 p. 374, under Q 18:4 p. 376, under T 17:3 p. 376, under T 17:3 p. 376, under T 17:3 p. 367, under I-O 15:1 p. 361, under H 14:3 p. 354, under E 29:1 p. 367, under I-O 15:1 p. 357, under F 17:4 p. 354, under E 18:7 p. 371, under P 20:2 p. 372, under P 21:4 p. 372, under P 21:4 p. 363, under J 5:1 p. 363, under J 5:1 p. 363, under J 5:1 p. 363, underj 5:1
13558 14028 14082 14096 14279 14282 14296 14324 14356 14357 14358 14421 14474 14502 14594 14658 14678 14703 14736 14744 14759 14763 14770 14771
No.
Page
No.
T387
cf. 581; Table
T 516
374
T 3503
p. 369, under O 16:3
12
424
CONCORDANCES
COINS Inv.
No.
A-998 A-1466 AA-824a-d AA-838 AA-843 AA-968 AP-33 B-188 B-193 B-201 B-491 B,-1097 BVL112 BB-873 Br-852 Br-854 Br-855 BA-459 T-240 T-311 T-1038 T-1194 r-1199 T-1203 T-1431a-c T-1483 T-1548 T-1603 r-1610 T-1616 T-1621 T-1626 T-1628 T-1630 T-1636 T-1639 rr-195
Page
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
No.
Inv. No.
360, 358, 376, 376, 376, 376, 366, 355, 355, 355, 355, 356, 356, 376, 363, 363, 363, 371, 353, 354, 353, 352, 352, 352, 349, 353, 352, 350, 350, 350, 350, 350, 350, 350, 350, 350, 357,
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
H G S S S S M F F F F F F S
Page
No.
6:9 6:2 19:3 19:3 19:3 19:2 23:1 12:4 12:4 12:4 11:2 13:3 13:3 21:1 J 5:1 J 5:1 J 5:1 P 6:6 El 5:2 E 15:7 E 14:3 E 14:1 E 14:1 E 14:1 D 15:3 E 14:6 E 14:2 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1 F 19:2
K-1654 KK-437 KK-441 AA-47 AA-48 AA-49 AA-254 AA-520 AA-562 MM-227 MM-316 MI-294 NN-1063 NN-1149 NN-1192 NN-1263 NN-1350a, b NN-1457 NN-1491 NN-1634 NN-1636 NN-1650 NN-1651 NN-1716 NN-1805 OA-252
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
360, 352, 351, 351, 351, 351, 348, 355, 358, 351, 351, 366, 344, 344, 347, 346, 344, 346, 346, 345, 343, 343, 343, 344, 345, 376,
OA-254a-c
p.
OA-255 OA-256 OA-259 OO-1043 00-1334 00-1524 00-1532 00-1575 00-1586
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
nO-97
p.
F
nO-103
rr-225
p.
357,
under
19:6
A'-492
p.
359,
under
G
AA-37
p.
364,
under
K-L
AA-72 AA-84 AA-90-AA-96 AA-98 EE-73 EE-75 EE-89 EE-97 Z-2723 Z-2743 Z-2748 Z-2948 Z-2950 1-1246 1-1254 1-1470-1-1472 1-1657 K-1422
p. 365, under M 21:1 p. 366, under M 21:1 p. 365, under M 21:1 p. 366, under M 21:1 p. 369, under N 21:4 p. 369, under N 21:4 p. 369, under N 21:4 p. 369, under N 21:4 p. 360, under HI 2:1 p. 360, under HI 2:1 p. 360, under HI 2:1 p. 362, under H-I 12:1 p. 362, under H-I 12:1 p. 375, under R 21:2 p. 375, under R 21:2 p. 373, under Q 13:1 p. 375, under R 13:2 p. 362, under H-K 12-14
15:4 18-20:1
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
H 14:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 D 5:2 F 5:1 G 5:3 E 3:1 E 3:1 I-O 15:1 A-B 19-20:1 A-B 19-20:1 C 20:2 B 21:25 A-B 19-20:1 B 22:2 B 20:7 B 18:13 A 18:1 A 18:1 A 18:1 A-B 19-20:1 B 18:12 T 27:1
376,
under
T
27:1
376, 376, 376, 350, 349, 357, 357, 357, 357,
under under under under under under under under under
T T T D D F F F F
27:1 27:1 27:1 17:5 17:3 17:4 17:4 17:4 17:4
350,
under
D-E
8-9:1
D-E
8-9:1
350,
under
p.
350,
under
D-E
8-9:1
n0-121
p.
350,
under
D-E
8-9:1
110-171 nO-195a n0-2O7 nO-334 n0-382 nO-430 110-654 nO-697 n0-772 nn-1002 PP-822 PP-864 1-4645 1-4650
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
348, 352, 349, 348, 348, 348, 347, 344, 345, 343, 375, 375, 371, 371,
under under under under under under under under under under under under under under
D 10:3 E 10:1 D 12:2 DILI D 11:1 D 11:2 C 12:2 B 13:3 B 14:6 A 17:3 R 13:9 R 13:9 P 10:1 P 10:1
374,
under
Q-R
110-104
p.
10-11:3
IA-10
p.
IA-16
p. 374, under Q-R
IA-61
p.
IA-87
p. 372, under Q 8-9
372,
under
P-R
10-11:1 6-12
CONCORDANCES Inv. No.
Page
No.
Inv.
No.
425
Page
No.
ZA-106
p.
371,
under
O-R
7-10
X-31
p.
368,
under
N
EA-377
p.
371,
under
O-R
7-10
IA-385
p.
371,
under
O-R
7-10
IT-304 5T-194 ir-575 ir-578 T-l 194 T-1358-T-1366 T-l377 T-1508 T-l532 T-l 700 Y-186 0-158 $-252 0-331 0-332 0-333 0-339 O-340 0-343 X-30
p. 361, under H 16:3 p. 356, under F 16:1 p. 361, under H 16:4 p. 361, under H 16:4 p. 366, under M-N 15:1 p. 280, under 333 p. 366, under M-N 15:1 p. 369, under O 16:3 p. 367, under I-O 15:1 p. 301, under 544 p. 363, under K 18:2 p. 364, under M 18:2 p. 364, under Ml 7:1 p. 365, under M 18:10 p. 365, under M 18:10 p. 365, under M 18:10 p. 370, under O 17:5 p. 370, under O 17:5 p. 364, under LI 7:7 p. 368, under N 19:1
X-32 X-42 X-44 X-51 X-66 X-84 X-101 X-136 X-191 X-215
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
368, 368, 368, 365, 365, 368, 367, 367, 367, 364,
under under under under under under under under under under
N 19:1 N 19:1 N 19:1 M 20:1 M 20:1 N 19:1 N 18:3 M-N 18:1 N 19:1 L-M 19:1
__-125
p.
368,
under
N
20:7
p.
368,
under
N
20:7
Q-140
p.
368,
under
N
20:4
n-l64 Q-359 U-524
p. 368, under N 20:4 p. 368, under N 20:6 p. 371, under P 21:4
__-130
19:1
__-527
p.
372,
under
P 21:4
__-529
p.
371,
under
P 21:4
Q-534 Q-536 Q-541
p. 372, under P 21:4 p. 371, under P 21:4 p. 371, under P 21:4
426
CONCORDANCES
KNIDIAN TYPE (KT) NUMBERS KTNo. KT3 KT12 KT14 KT53 KT 95 KT 99 KT 119 KT 122 KT 130 KT 146 KT 156 KT 163 KT167 KT192 KT 197 KT211 KT214 KT 234 KT 292 KT 316 KT 321 KT 336 KT 366,1 KT 426 KT428 KT 437 KT 442 KT445 KT479 KT480 KT 489 KT 553 KT 556 KT 566 KT 603 KT 606 KT 644 KT 650 KT651 KT652 KT 654 KT 678 KT 689 KT 732 KT 755 KT778 KT 786 KT814 KT 832 KT 893 KT 900 KT902 KT 923 KT926 KT928 KT955 KT 962 KT 971 KT 972
Page No. p. 354, under p. 360, under p. 358, under p. 361, under p. 347, under p. 373, under p. 343, under p. 366, under p. 343, under p. 353, under p. 356, under p. 347, under p. 343, under p. 373, under p. 354, under p. 360, under p. 374, under p. 346, under p. 350, under p. 345, under p. 346, under p. 354, under p. 375, under p. 346, under p. 371, under p. 347, under p. 359, under p. 358, under p. 356, under p. 363, under p. 376, under p. 347, under p. 347, under p. 356, under p. 347, under p. 376, under p. 368, under p. 344, under p. 352, under p. 376, under p. 351, under p. 350, under p. 374, under p. 374, under p. 282, under p. 375, under p. 374, under p. 353, under p. 372, under p. 345, under p. 343, under p. 343, under p. 346, under p. 362, under p. 356, under p. 363, under p. 352, under p. 366, under p. 367, under
KTNo. E 18:7 HI 2:1 G 11:1 H 14:3 C 9:7 Q 15:2 A 16:4 I-O 15:1 A 16:4 E 14:6 F 15:2 C 20:2; p. 374, under R 9:5 A 16:4 Q 11:3 F 5:1; p. 358, under G 5:3 HI 3:1 R 9:5 B 20:2 D-E 15:1 B 14:6 B 21:25; p. 360, under H 12:1 E 15:4 R 21:2 B 21:24 P 20:2 C 9:7 G 14:5 G 11:1 F 13:3 J 2:1 T 27:1 C 18:3 C 10:1 F 15:2 C 20:2 T 27:1 N 19:1 A-B 19-20:1 E 10:1 T 27:1 E 6:1, E 6:2 D 17:11 R 9:5 Q-R 10-11:3 348 R 21:2 Q18:4 E 15:2 Q 9:4 B 18:12 A 16:4 A 18:1 B 21:24 I 16:5 F 15:2 J 5:1 E 14:1 I-O 15:1 I-O 15:1
KT 1000 KT 1048 KT 1071 KT 1093 KT 1105 KT 1114 KT1123 KT 1124 KT 1131 KT 1140 KT 1149 KT 1158 KT1183 KT 1215 KT 1225 KT 1272 KT 1274 KT 1278 KT 1280 KT 1296 KT 1302 KT 1305 KT 1306 KT 1370 KT1410 KT 1434, IV KT 1446 KT 1455 KT 1462 KT 1488 KT 1500 KT 1505 KT1508 KT 1510 KT 1525 KT 1531 KT 1545 KT 1551 KT1555 KT 1591 KT 1598 KT 1599 KT 1600 KT1610 KT 1626 KT 1770 KT 1784 KT 1788 KT 2126 KT 2128 KT 2202 KT 2387 KT 2450 KT 2507 KT 2531 KT 2540 KT 2547
Page No. p. 343, under A 16:4 p. 368, under N 19:1 p. 375, under S 19:2 p. 356, under F 15:2 p. 372, under Q 8-9 p. 346, under B 22:2 p. 354, under F 5:1 p. 360, under H 12:1 p. 353, under E 14:9 p. 368, under N 19:1 p. 348, under D 10:3 pp. 356, 368, 376, under F 13:3, N 20:4, T27:l p. 360, under H 6:9 p. 366, under M-N 15:1 p. 373, under Q11:3 p. 361, under H 16:4 p. 375, under R 19:1 p. 343, under A 18:1; p. 360, under H 12:1 p. 349, under D 12:2; p. 350, under D 19:2 p. 346, under B 20:2 p. 374, under R 10:1 p. 349, under D 12:2 p. 346, under B 20:2 p. 349, under D 12:2; p. 376, under T 27:1 p. 363, under J 5:1 p. 360, under H 12:1 p. 374, under Q-R 10-11:1 p. 366, under M-N 15:1 p. 346, under B 21:24 p. 364, under M 18:2 p. 349, under D 12:2; p. 349, under D 17:4 p. 350, under D-E 15:1; p. 353, under E 14:6 p. 363, under J 2:1 p. 348, under D 11:4 p. 355, under F 12:4 p. 368, under N 20:4 p. 368, under N 19:1 p. 366, under M 23:1 p. 347, under C 9:7 p. 353, under E 14:6 p. 352, under E 6:1, E 6:2 p. 368, under N 19:1 p. 367, under N 19:1 p. 348, under D 5:2 p. 351, under E 6:1, E 6:2 p. 355, under F 12:4 p. 358, under G 6:2 p. 359, under G 14:2 p. 347, under C 10:1 p. 359, under G 14:2 p. 366, under M 23:1 p. 362, under 117:5 p. 376, under T 17:3 p. 358, under F 19:6 p. 376, under T 17:3 p. 365, under M 20:1 p. 376, under T 17:3
CONCORDANCES
427
MURR SAMPLE NUMBERS AND AGORA SAMPLE NUMBERS MURR Sample No. SIR001 SIR002 SIR003 SIR004 SIR005 SIR006 SIR007 SIR008 SIR009 SIR010 SIR011 SIR012 SIR013 SIR014 SIR015 SIR016 SIR017 SIR018 SIR019 SIR020 SIR021 SIR022 SIR023 SIR024 SIR025 SIR026 SIR027 SIR028 SIR029 SIR030 SIR031 SIR032 SIR033 SIR034 SIR035 SIR036 SIR037 SIR038 SIR039 SIR040 SIR041 SIR042 SIR043 SIR044 SIR045 SIR046 SIR047 SIR048 SIR049 SIR050 SIR051 SIR052 SIR053 SIR054 SIR055 SIR056 SIR057 SIR058
Agora Sample No. AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS
931 932 933 934 935 938 939 929 930 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 902 903 904 905 906 907 940 908 909 910 911 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 1022 1023 1014 1015 1016 750 751 1017
MURR Fabric Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 2 Pink temper fabric 2 Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric? Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Sample No. SIR059 SIR060 SIR061 SIR062 SIR063 SIR064 SIR065 SIR066 SIR067 SIR068 SIR069 SIR070 SIR071 SIR072 SIR073 SIR074 SIR075 SIR076 SIR077 SIR078 SIR079 SIR080 SIR081 SIR082 SIR083 SIR084 SIR085 SIR086 SIR087 SIR088 SIR089 SIR090 SIR091 SIR092 SIR093
Agora Sample No. AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS
750 751 752 755 757 758 759 761 769 773 774 775 902 903 904 905 906 907 908
Agora Sample No. AS 1018 AS 1019 AS 1020 AS 1021 AS 752 AS 1024 AS 755 AS 1027 AS 1028 AS 757 AS 1029 AS 1030 AS 1031 AS 1032 AS 1033 AS 1025 AS 1026 AS 758 AS 1040 AS 1036 AS 1037 AS 1034 AS 1035 AS 761 AS 759 AS 1038 AS 769 AS 1039 AS 1042 AS 1043 AS 1041 AS 1044 AS 775 AS 773 AS 774
Fabric Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Attic black gloss Attic black gloss Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic moldmade bowl Attic moldmade bowl Attic moldmade bowl Attic moldmade bowl Attic moldmade bowl Attic moldmade bowl Attic fine ware (waster) Attic fine ware (waster) Attic fine ware (waster) Attic fine ware (waster)
MURR Sample No. SIR056 SIR057 SIR063 SIR065 SIR068 SIR076 SIR083 SIR082 SIR085 SIR092 SIR093 SIR091 SIR031 SIR032 SIR033 SIR034 SIR035 SIR036 SIR038
Fabric Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (early) Gray ung. ware (late) Gray ung. ware (late) Attic black gloss Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic moldmade bowl Attic fine ware (waster) Attic fine ware (waster) Attic fine ware (waster) Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
428
Agora Sample No. AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS
909 910 911 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 938 939 940 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 982 983 984
CONCORDANCES
MURR Sample No. SIR039 SIR040 SIR041 SIR008 SIR009 SIR001 SIR002 SIR003 SIR004 SIR005 SIR006 SIR007 SIR037 SIR019 SIR020 SIR021 SIR022 SIR023 SIR024 SIR025 SIR026 SIR027 SIR028 SIR029 SIR030 SIR010 SIR011 SIR012 SIR013 SIR014 SIR015 SIR016 SIR017 SIR018 SIR042 SIR043 SIR044
Agora Sample No.
Fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Hellenistic water-jug fabric Pink temper fabric 2 Pink temper fabric 2 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Pink temper fabric 1 Hellenistic water-jug fabric Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Cooking fabric 3 Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Micaceous cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric? Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Schist cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric Lopas 5 cooking fabric
2 2 2
1
AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS
985 986 987 988 989 990 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044
MURR Sample No. SIR045 SIR046 SIR047 SIR048 SIR049 SIR050 SIR053 SIR054 SIR055 SIR058 SIR059 SIR060 SIR061 SIR062 SIR051 SIR052 SIR064 SIR074 SIR075 SIR066 SIR067 SIR069 SIR070 SIR071 SIR072 SIR073 SIR080 SIR081 SIR078 SIR079 SIR084 SIR086 SIR077 SIR089 SIR087 SIR088 SIR090
Fabric Lopas 5 cooking Lopas 5 cooking Lopas 5 cooking Lopas 5 cooking Lopas 5 cooking Lopas 5 cooking Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Gray ung. ware Attic West Slope Attic West Slope Attic West slope Attic West Slope Attic moldmade Attic moldmade Attic black gloss Attic moldmade Attic moldmade Attic moldmade Attic fine ware
fabric fabric fabric fabric fabric fabric (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (early) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late) (late)
bowl bowl bowl bowl bowl (waster)
INDEXES
GENERAL
128243 acapnum south slope of 124, 137, 151 Acropolis, fabric: of braziers 202, 213; of pans, 48 Aegean 45, 64, 101, 124, 202, 219. See also Chios; Delos; region Aegean Euboia; Kea; Kos; Lemnos; Lesbos; Paros; Samos; Samothrace; Siphnos; Thera; Tinos 192, 220. See also Berenike; Africa, North, pottery of Egypt 349 (Knidian duovir) Agesipolis 202110, 212 (Kerameikos) Ayia Triada 350, 354, 368 Agias II (Knidian eponym) 364, 367 eponym) 363, 370 (Rhodian eponym) 16, 243, 377 (AS) number
(Rhodian
Aglokritos Agloumbrotos Agora
Sample 3 Agora X 3,5,7,72,126 AgoraXIl 7,8,342 Agora XXII 342 AgoraXXVl 5, 7, 8, 60, 342, Agora XXIX 98 Aiakeion Aigina Aiginetan Al Mina Albania Alexander Alexandria
the Great 83,
Alkimachos
142,
(Chian[?] altar 3,119,201 Ambracia 149, 160 Ambrossos
343
161,
fabricant)
164, 202 371
for brazier
support
(Rhodian
eponym)
(Knidian (Knidian
eponym) eponym) fabricant)
373
374 347,
374
121, 130, 138, 156-157 Anderson-Stojanovic, Andromenes 344, 349, 350, 352, 356, (Knidian eponym) 349 (Knidian eponym) Antipatros 201 Karneios, sanctuary of, at Knidos Apollo 373 (Knidian duovir) Apollodoros I (Knidian eponym) 346 Apollonidas
Arsinoeion aryballos, ash urn
205, 214, 215, 354 348, 354
350,
353,
365
111, 144,
216 363
Form 5 85, 88, 257 Form 6 20, 33, 85, 88, 257-258 Form 7 55, 56, 85, 89, 258 of gray unguentarium fabric 139, Macedonian 85-86 139,
149-150,
142-145,
3, 11, 83, 93, transport amphora, Chian 83 Corinthian 135, 145 I 92 Dressel
I (Thasian eponym) 343 83 on Samothrace 104 blister-ware 56, 61, 135-137,
144, 160, 286-287
14355
45, 46, 48, 64, 77,144,185,186,198, 202; gravestones 139. See also Caria; Ephesos; Kaunos; Knidos; Myndos; Phocaea; Sardis; Tarsus; Troy; Xanthos Pergamon; Asine 136, 157 II (Knidian eponym) 360 Asklepiodoros askos 5, 33, 58, 59, 69, 79-81, 223, 252-253, 337; bronze 80; duck 135-136, 137; fish 55, 123, 282 Assasif 129-130 (Egypt) asterisk 55 (painted motif) I (Rhodian 357 Astymedes eponym) Athanodotos 362, 365 (Rhodian eponym) Athenaios 118 schist Athens 20, 405
288-289
Museum Athens, 45, 219 Epigraphical Attic fine fabric 14, 16-19, 61, 87, 110, 244 Attic Stelai 72 33, 61, 86, 164, 244 atypical fabric 342 Avram, A.
149, 159
122, 158
Italian 122, 193 Knidian 7, 122, 342 miniature. See amphoriskos 86 Parian to of 122, 161, 342; revisions chronology for, 133-134 Phoenician 5, 61, 160-161, 163, 299-300; amphoriskos 300-301 160, 161-162,
93, 95, 96,
Asia Minor from
(Knidian
Amphanai
Rhodian
fabricant)
Aristophanes III Arsinoe
146
55, 65, pseudo-Cypriot 85-86 Thessalian West Slope 88
eponym) V R. 58,
(Rhodian
Aristion 345, 363 (Rhodian Aristokles 343, 374 (Knidian eponym) Aristokrates 348, 352, 357 (Knidian eponym) Aristokrates II (Rhodian 370, 372 fabricant) 351 Aristomedes (Knidian eponym) Aristonidas 344 (Rhodian eponym)
345 eponym) 152 (Thessaly) table 5, 20, 33, 85-89, 93, 124, 256-259 amphora, blister-ware 287-288 135-136, V 144 Cypriot Bichrome Forml 5,59,61,85-86,256 Form 2 5, 29, 55, 59, 61, 79, 85, 86-87, 256-257 Form 3 57, 85, 87, 257 Form 4 257 19, 55, 85, 87-88,
Amoteles
(Knidian
Anaxippidas
archetype, Archilaidas Aristainos Aristeides
65 160,
138 Ampurias 345; (Knidian eponym) Amyntas 72, 93, 191 Amyx, D. Anaxandridas (Knidian eponym)
II (Knidian eponym) 366 Apollonidas Archaic period, pottery of 57,58, 72,82,90,99,105,110, 149, 168, 170, 173. See also black-figure; red-figure
162
31,64, 146,149, fabric 28 106 64
INDEX
Baatz,
D.
baking baking
59, mold
Bali
7-8
stopper
14, 65,
99-100 121, 187, 222 223, 336
131
(incised motif) 149; (painted motif) 3, 55, 71, 72, 82, banding 92, 94, 96, 97, 105, 111, 112, 138, 142, 144, 145, 87, 89, 90-91, on gray 159, 164, 177. See also purple banding unguentaria of 127 bark, beehives made of 187 barley, parching base for figurine 121-122
432 basin
4, 116-117, 279-280; heavy 116-117,279 basket: as beehive bat 124; formation 59, 109, 116
bathing bathtub Bats, M.
279-280; 56, 60,
5, 20, 60, 61, spouted deep 65, 116, 279; shallow spouted
117, 65,
117 127, 130; for treading grapes of pottery on 58, 78, 189, 217 167, 171
166-167 63 thin-walled-ware beaker, of beans: parching 187; soaking of method beater-and-anvil 57,173 beehive 65,124-131, 4, 5, 33,56,64,
cover
243, 283-285;
125, 285
33,56, 126,
128,
220, 223
See Brookhaven National Laboratory 118 Boegehold,A E. 98 Boggess, 167, 171 boiling Boiotia 74, 86, 146, 149. See also Thebes Index See Deposit Bone Well (G 5:3). 80 Boscoreale BNL.
335; black 222, 275-278, shallow 33,108,114 132; deep 33,108,114,275-276; gloss 195 used as lid small 115, 19063, 277-278; 115, 276-277; 167 braising
199, 204,
335
322-334,
215,
5,12,55,57,
216,
59,63,
333
219-220,
64,200-219,221,
15, 43-45, 202, 216-217, (of Quartz cooking fabric) Aegean 218,219,220,322-327 Attic (of Schist cooking 15,42,43,4330,58,213-216, fabric) 217-218, 220, 327-330 of 203,218 chronology of use of evidence 200 of 204-212 iconography for molds 202 from Berenike 20198, 219, 220 from Egypt 20198, 202106, 216, 218 15, 42, 44-45 analysis of petrographic of 202 place of manufacture bread 59,109,121,222 bread stamp 223 163 O. Broneer, bronze: brazier 221, 222; effect of Attic soil on 80,81,90,110,171,223 Bronze Age, pottery National Brookhaven 393-394 383-384, the Elder Brueghel (brazier
70, 71
121, 131, 165-178, 179, 182, 186, Attic forms of 165; Form 1 38, 171, 177, 178, 303-304; 40, 57, 58, 64, 165, 166, 167-169, Form 2 40, 57, 165, 167, 169-170, 40, 305; Form 3 171,172, Form 4 6, 172-173, 305-306; 57, 165, 167, 169, 170-172, Form 5 38,40,57,58,64,104,165,166,168,173-174, 306-307; Form 6 40,165,166,174,177, 308; 177,178,182,196,307-308; 7 166, 168, 175-176, 166, 168, 171, 175, 308; Form 8 Form 10 40, 58, 165, 166, 176, 308-309; 177, 308; Form 9 11 178, 311; of Gritty ochre 310; Form 166, 168, 177-178, of fabric 47; nomenclature 167; of Slate cooking cooking 165 fabric 46; typology of
Form
81, 82, 85, 87,90,93,94,95,96,98,101,103,104,105-106,110, 144, 168, 169, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 126, 129, 135, 138-139, 189, 196, 197, 222 180, 182, 187-188, 170, 173, 176-177, on cooking for 20, 23, 28, 31, 174; formula pots clay: coating of of 205, 28; 32, 33, 45, 49,145,148,149; shrinkage import sources of 13, 14, 33, 63, 202, 379, 380 214-215; 130 used as coffin, beehive coin bank 123,282 33,59, coin hoard 123, 168, 171 to chronology coins: adjustments 83; nomenclature 341; Chian in, due to firing color, variation Columella 128, 129, 131
8; as evidence of, at the Agora 23, 29, 140, 159
of
for dating 342
7,
for imported 5, 14, 16, 29, 56, 59, 61, 83, 85, goods table, 86, 135, 139, 148, 149, 157, 162, 164. See also amphora, 1 and 2; amphora, Forms transport; lagynos; amphoriskos; vial unguentarium;
container
322-333
bull
144 203
58, 189, 217 56 circles 123; (stamped motif) (painted motif) of and dimensions cisterns: description 341; sources of fill in 65 fabric Classical 14, 36, 38, 39, 61, 104, 168, 173, 180 cooking Classical period, pottery of 12, 38, 57, 58, 63, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76,
218 (applique motif) 55, 108 (painted motif) 5, 19, 29, 61, 92, 109, 114-115,
64 (modern) Siphnian with handmade supports 334 with moldmade supports
Chalkidiki
64 243-245
74,88 chytridion 144 Cilicia circle, raised, on underside
boukranion
243,
(modern) Siphnian format of entries,
catalogue
5, 12, 57-58, 59, 64, chytra 190, 195, 197, 198, 303-311;
60,92,106,117 ware: Attic 70, 71, 79, 106, 115, 132, 139, 148, 14890, black-gloss 123 105; Peloponnesian 149, 151, 170; Corinthian blister ware 148, 149, 144-145, 5, 14, 16, 56, 61, 124, 135-137, 150, 159, 160, 286-288 64 Blitzer, H.
199-222,
158. See also Myndos of destruction 7
222147 99-100, cheesemaking 109 childbirth Chios 83, 84, 126 chisel 213 (device on brazier stamp) chous 87, 245; black-gloss 6, 20, 33, 55, 57, 59, 69-71, 164 Chrestos (pharmacist?) to 7-8, 342 adjustments chronology,
48
82 Brann, E. brazier 5, 40, 174, 189, 104 Classical of 199 definition 187 pan serving as
216 (applique motif) 18755 cakes, baking of calcite as temper 31-32, 401 55, 110 calyx (painted motif) 192, 193 pottery of Campania, canteen 282 33, 55, 122-123, of unguentaria 155, 156-157 capacities 86, 97 capacity notation
charcoal
black-figure
bowl
cable
Carthage, casserole,
48, 112, 121, 193, 20198, 219, (Libya) 170, 193, 195 6, 83, 156, 161-162, Berlin, A. 163 Binder, J. of 74, 132, 133275 Bion, workshop Biottos 128 (potter) bird (brazier support) 222 379 Bishop, R. L. Black Sea 64, 162, 185. See also Histria
bow
INDEX
Caria 59
130, 133, 284-285; 98, 125, 126, 128-129, ring floor 129-130, 130; with pierced 284; upright 59, 61, 126, 128-131 beekeeping beeswax 126, 131 Beirut Berenike
GENERAL
support)
of
90,
(BNL)
123 204,
cooking cooking Corbett, Corinth
211,
216, 326
fabric fabrics stand P. 73
60,
28, 31, 45, 49,
148, 379,
207-208; 212; type
3
14, 15, 16, 42, 43, 382, 383, 384, 405 61-63 36-48, 334-335 181, 199, 200, 221-222,
171; destruc 383, 384; colonies of 14, 58, 101-102, 184; imports from at from 149; pottery 139; potters 106; perfume imported found at 48, 74, 89, 95, 97, 123, 146, 149, 159, 163; pottery of 31, 72-73, 76, 94, 103, 105, 107, 124, 126, 142, 171, 174, 184 (see also blister ware; Corinthian fabric; mortar, Corinthian); Sacred Spring; 184. See also Potters' Quarter; of refoundation tion of
342; vessels
type II type VII
212; type IX 212
VIII Cooking
120, 123
Laboratory
closed 243, 245 A. 202,204,212 brazier types: type I 205-207; support 211; 208-211; types IVB and D type III
context, Conze, Conze
South Corinthian fabric
86,185,193,203,222, 7, 28, 135, 137,
Stoa fabric 14, 101,
28, 103
31,
112,
145;
sandy
class
31,
102;
tile
GENERAL Cosa 192-193 190 Cozzo Presepe Crete 97, 106, 124, 126, 138, Praesos 80 Crosby, M. Crossroads Well (J 5:1). ^Deposit G. 31-32 Crowfoot, 60, 65, 89, 135-136 cup 144 cup-kantharos Cypriot potters at Corinth ware 145 Cypriot white
Eastern 149,
147,
185.
See also Knossos;
Index
Daiphron Damokrates Damokrates Damokritos Damokritos darkening Debidour, decanter, decoration
M. 342 Corinthian
Ephesos Epidauros.
74, 126, 142, 146, 149, 185. See also Eretria; II (Knidian eponym) Euboulos 359 II (Rhodian Eukles 351 eponym) Eukrates 343 (Knidian eponym)
184, 185 of Phaleron
Demetrios
deposit deposits of Derveni Didelot,
168,
174,
185,
193, 202,
15110?
216 motif) 9-12, 13, 341 sample at the Agora as basis of 341-376; chronology of 7-8; nomenclature 243, 341 110, 143-144 O. 4330, 45, 202, 203, 213, 216 communal 104
Dioskourides
11, 195 47, 172
344 (Rhodian Dorkylidas eponym) dots (incised motif) 56; (painted motif) U. 158 Dotterweich, Drakontidas 350 (Rhodian fabricant) conventions in 6 drawings, employed of definition 341 drawshaft, ds (abbreviation for deposit 341 sample) 99
60
dyeing S.
367
164
89,97,118 dipinto 76, 151 Dipylon Well Bj discard of pottery after sorting 9-10, disk 19, 124, 282; raised, on underside 32 docking Dodecanese 202. See also Kos; Rhodes Dodona 80 139 dog, burial of vessel in shape of 123 dolphin, Dor 158, 164
dye, purple
362,
193
Euphragoras Euphragoras Euphranor
7; dating
352,
352,
354,
353, 367, 346, 360, 375
Karystos
358 368
351 64
244
121-122
for deposit chronol 9, 88, 121, 122, 123; as evidence 7; Attic 3, 4, 8, 13, 20, 33, 56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 89,106,107, ogy See also 219, 379, 383, 384-394. 119,146,148,151-152,159,199, imported pottery, fine ware
finger
impression
136,198-199
56,124 impression G. 3, 7, 8, 203, 342 Finkielsztejn, in chytra fire, transported 169, 174 fish 18755. 118; cooking of, in lopas 59,179; cooking of, in pan See also askos, fish flask. See canteen to food or water flavor, imparted 64, 69 by pottery flower 55. See also lily 216; (painted motif) (applique motif) 99129 flowerpot food: preparation of 5, 56, 59, 65, 110, 199 (see also greens, 59, 109; storage of of); service of 59, 89 (see also processing storage, vessels for) fingernail
65
6 157 Fossey,J. frame definition of 244 (on brazier), 59, 179, 187, 194 frying 195. See alsopan, Form 7 frying pan, 188-189, functions of vessels 59-61 funnel bronze 5, 16, 19, 55, 56, 60, 61, 65, 90-92, 259-260; 90; Form 1 20, 33, 55, 57, 90-91, 259; Form 2, 60, 91-92, 259-260 garland
216, (applique motif) See also grapevine; herringbone 100 garlic Gauls
108,162
222, 379; bases for 135-136, 137,287
seller of foodstuffs, footbath 116183 of form, definition
96
343,
M. 38 Farnsworth, 139 feeder, black-gloss Fido's Grave Index (B 22:2). See Deposit field definition of (on brazier support),
in combat
Geometric 158 EARTHQUAKE Eastern Sigillata A
I (Knidian eponym) II (Knidian eponym) I (Knidian eponym) 142
Euphrates (Knidian fabricant) Euphrosynos 57 Evans, C. export of Attic utilitarian pottery 164 eyes, remedy for
figurines filter jug fine ware
(applique
dining, 373 (Knidian duovir) Diognetos I (Knidian eponym) Diokles 358, 366 Dion II (Knidian eponym) 346 II (Knidian eponym) 353, 361, Dionysios III (Knidian eponym) 364 Dionysios 80 Dionysos
Dyson,
171,
146
Delphi Demetrias dentils
164,
347 366
Euboia 185
72
163,
123
126, 149, 221 See Palaia Epidauros (Knidian fabricant) I (Knidian eponym)
II (Knidian eponym) 371 171. See also Dodona Epiros 83 Eratosthenes Eretria 31,84,184 ESA. See Eastern Sigillata A ESB. See Eastern Sigillata B See brazier, Classical; eschara. serving dish Eua 123
381; applique 55, 119, 202, 204, 216, 218, of 219; description 12, 244; impressed 56, 136; incised 56, 95, 96, 110, 113, 114, 117, 136, 137, 160, 221; painted 3, 55, 60, 69, 70, 71, 72, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 118, 119, 122-123, 138, 140, 144-145, 150, 151, 159, 164; relief 40, 56, 129, 223. See also (moldmade) individual motifs 355 (Thasian eponym) Deinopas Delos control of 64, 80; Athenian 8; pottery found on 31, 45, 154,
Epigonos Epinikidas
163 from
Epinikidas
55-56,
74, 89, 120, 126, 203, 204, 223
painting coin bank
England,
unguen of 144,
182
133
encaustic
149
B
6, 72, 73, 89, 97, 106, 107, 135, 136, 342 in 64, 119; beekeeping 126, 128, 129-130, 131; brazier Egypt molds from of braziers in 20198, 202106, 202, 218; manufacture Assasif 216. See also Alexandria; eke. See beehive, ring
Elis
367 (Rhodian eponym) 355 (Knidian eponym) 354 (Thasian eponym) 375 (Knidian fabricant) I (Rhodian 344, 363 fabricant) I (Knidian eponym) 347 II (Knidian eponym) 366 of exterior, intentional 44, 46, 184,
Daidalos
433 Sigillata G. R.
Edwards,
139, 149, 202, 222; as source of domed-mouth Cyprus tarium 158; pottery found on 147,177,185; pottery 145, 149. See also Paphos; Tourapi Daemon
INDEX
Geroulanos, Gitin, S.
(applique motif) 82, period, pottery of M. I. 126, 128 120
218;
(painted motif) garland; ivy garland 202 123
94,
105.
434 M.
Glascock,
gloss, coating 109, 110, golden mica
on
16,28,31, interior
GENERAL
148 of vessel
horseshoe
83, 87, 89,91,99,103-104,107, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 141, 157 44, 45, 46, 159, 160, 163, 169, 182, 184, 190, 213,
217 Golem
Grad
Grace,
V. R.
95
7, 342 86-87, 128, A. J. 126
graffito Graham,
142,
146,
150,
164
154, 156-157, 159, 160, 161, 164 5, 14, 16, 137, 140-141, 145, 148, 149, See also amphora, table, of gray unguentarium
151-152, fabric
Dodona;
153,
See also Chalkidiki;
142,171. Lamia;
Epiros;
griddle
grill
Group Group Group Group Group Group
C D
(G 6:2). See Deposit (H 16:4). See Deposit E (F 15:2). &? Deposit
172, 173, 244
Index
56,
119
industrial
(incised
ivy garland
motif)
124, 283; blister-ware
jar
(painted
136,
137, 287
of; Cosa; Sta
pottery
Campania, Pompeii;
56;
56
106; (reliefmotif)
Index
Spina;
Sicily;
55, 69, 70, 86,
motif)
Jebel Khalid (Syria) 142
113
jug 158, 164
346
56, 57, 116, 123, 124, 136, 137, 101, 103; double 47, 94, 136, 66, 76, 77, 78, 81, 88,90,91,94,
173 169-170,
172;
96,112,136; grooved/ridged 100,101, 101,102,189,190; 71,120,188; piecrust loop lug 47,65,88,95,108,113,124,170-172, 103,121,182,191; rope 110, 111, 116, 182; thumbprint 176, 177, 182; scalloped 138, 142, 145, 151 112-113; vestigial handle 111, 223 105; scalloped plate G. 379 Harbottle, of 244 hardness, measurement 7 Hasmonaean conquests P. 121,194 Hatzidakis, 48, 158, 177, 186, 198 Hayes, J. imitated by potters 82, 171 heirlooms, Hekataios 202, 212126, 214. See also Greek Index, under EKATAIOY fabric 43, 61, 64, 73, 13, 15, 16, 28, 29-32, water-jug 75, 76, 78, 79, 86, 102, 106, 114, 115, 244, 383, 401 P. 146, 148 Hellstrom, 74, 133 (Lemnos) Hephaistia 374 (Knidian fabricant) Hephaistion
Hellenistic
126, 130 J. E. 124, 5, 20, 33, 56, 58, 61, 64, 69-84, dication of use fill 341; basket-handled blister-ware 124,135-136,137, 253-254;
283; as in 170, 245-254, 5, 33, 59, 66, 69, 81, 287; Form 1 5,6, 20, Form 2 33, 73-76, 77,246-249; 28,29,31,33,57,59,66,69,71, 69, 76-77, 79, 250-251; 249; Form 3 28, 29, 33, 59, 69, 77-78, Form 4 29, 33,59, 69, 78-79, 251-252; 77,249 long-necked 79, 250; mushroom 6, 29, 55, 69, 72-73, 246; narrow-necked trefoil 69, 71, 163-164, 301-302; 252; small, one-handled 124, 246; trefoil, split rim 55, 59, 71, 245
Kabeirion.
32 (Palestine), potters of 363 Kal( ) (Knidian eponym) kalathos. See beehive Kallidamas 343, 374 (Knidian eponym) I (Rhodian Kallikrates 367, 369 eponym) II (Rhodian 374 Kallikrates eponym) I (Rhodian 367 Kallikratidas eponym) 365 II (Rhodian Kallikratidas eponym) 79 (Iran) Kangavar fine-ware kantharos: 89, 151-152, 219;
(Knidian
I (Rhodian 370, 372 eponym) 347 (Knidian eponym) Hipparchos 147 Histria 87, 128, 130, 131, 137 honey
lidded
33,
123-124,
282 Karneodotos Karystos Kashmir Kaunos
370
See Thebes
Kados 170 Kafr Lebhad
Kastor eponym)
349, 352, eponym) 349 (Knidian duovir) Hermophantos (painted motif) garland herringbone 356 Hierokles (Knidian eponym) Hieron
121; lid of size and abundance
Jones,
eponym)
204 Hephaistos Heraklei( ) (Thasian herbs 100
137
119, burner
inclusions:
106
82,
(Knidian Hagnon 118 Halieutikon handbuilt pottery handle: bolster
Hermon
incense
149, 162. See also Boscoreale; Italy Cozzo Presepe; Meligunis-Lipara; biae; Tarentum
14, 47,
F (N 19:1, upper fill). See Deposit Index G (D 4:1). See Deposit Index M (M 17:1). See Deposit
ware
and Classical 177, 383; Archaic 82, 138, 142, 193; cooking ware 36, 47, 58, 63, 174, 176, 178, 181, 184, 186, 190, 191, 193, of decoration 197-198,199,220,221,222; 56; fine ware 60,63, as ware considered 79; gray unguentaria 146; household 16, 55, 57, 58, 61, 71, 77, 88, 89, 94, 96, 97, 101-102, 106, 108, 111, from local 112, 115, 123, 164; as distinguished 4, 14, 33, 165; imitation of 46, 61, 63, 64, 87,102,157,186,189,191,193, 216, amount 218, 219; increasing of, in Late Hellenistic 4, period 151. See also blister ware; container for 63, 65; unguentarium imported goods; Eastern Sigillata A; Eastern Sigillata B INAA. See neutron activation analysis
Index Index Index
Olynthos;
187 ochre
(stamped motif) guilloche 202 Gunneweg,J. 13824 guttus B. Guz-Zilberstein, 147, Hadra
61-64,
170, 254
136 Index
Derveni; Pella; Thessa
Thrace; Vergina of 100,121 processing 186, 189, 194
fabric cooking 20, 23 floor 186, 191-192 grooved 56, (incised motif) grooves Group A (G 13:4). See Deposit Group B (H 16:3). ^Deposit Gritty grog
imported
55, 82,
of 244 244; sparkling 4, 65, 109, 117 activity Chian 83 inscriptions, format of 243 inventory numbers, Iron Age, pottery of 116183, 120, 123. See also Geometric period, pottery of; Protogeometric pottery of period, Israel 7, 147, 185, 202. See also Dor; Lachish; Samaria; Tel Anafa; Tel Michal; Tell en-Nasbeh Isthmia 31, 48, 130, 146. See also Rachi Italian pottery See also amphora, 101,102,160,176,177,186,194. Italian; pan, Form 6; thin-walled ware transport:
Macedonia;
Demetrias;
loniki; Thessaly; greens,
82; household-ware
pottery
334-335
199, 220-221,
343 types hydria: Hadra-ware
incense
fabric northern Greece,
stand cooking R. H. 135
Howland, Howland
106; at other sites 64, 165, 169, 172,
64,81,93,120 grain 123 granary, vessel in shape of of 117 grapes, pressing 55, 94 grapevine (painted motif) 139 grave stelai graves, pottery found in 4,31, 79,86,93,95,96,121,123,138-139, gray unguentarium 244, 384-394.
INDEX
(Knidian
359
eponym)
169 131 (Rhodian 158
350
fabricant)
Kea 356, 106
357,
365,
368,
376
126 Kerameikos 4, 82, Ayia Triada 119 kernos kiln: at Phocaea
126,
130,
131,
132,
146,
151-152,
from, at Olympia 48; pottery in 32, 46 181; temperature kiln furniture 285-286 19, 33, 132, 133-134, 373 Kleandridas (Knidian eponym) 375 Kleandros (Knidian eponym)
72;
153. See also
stacking
in
GENERAL (Knidian eponym) II (Thasian eponym) Kleophon I (Rhodian Kleukrates eponym) Kleumbrotos (Knidian eponym) Klenopolis
Knidian Type Knidos
355
347,
348,
372
342
Lokris
45,158,201,202 112, 184
Knossos
Index (Peloponnese)
64
krater
106; bronze 267-270; 60, black-gloss 105, 106; Corinthian 107; Falaieff (blister fine-ware 106, 107; gray-ware 135-136; 108; lagy ware) nos-ware rim standard form 107; with molded 55, 269-270; of volute 5, 29, 33, 55, 56, 60, 105-107, 110, 267-269; 108, 103 270; West Slope ware 80, 105-108, 110; column 60,
Kratidas Kroll, kyathos
J.
(Rhodian 8,342-343 157
eponym)
123 83 lagynophoria 14, 83; fine-ware 60, 83-84, 84, 91; household lagynos: Chian ware 83 5, 14, 28, 57, 59, 61, 82-84, 243, 254-256; metal 55, 60, 63, 96, 97, 108 lagynos ware (white-ground) 95
3 Lawall, M. L. laxative, ancient
blister-ware
135,136;
Knidian
202;
for storage of perfume 140; clamp 130, 193; tokens made of 33, 243; 80; vessels 80, 164; sealing 80 weights 80 lead-glazed ware leaf (painted motif) 138 leather 60, 74, 80, 90 lebes as term for storage bin 93, 96 lekane 4, 5, 19, 56, 59, 107, 108-114, 117, 131, 270-275; Form 1 33,55,56, Form 2 60,109-110, 270-271; 29, 33,108, Form 3 110-111, 113, 271-272; 33, 108, 111-112, 114, 272 33, 56, 112-113, 273; Form 4 110, 273-275; pre-Hellenistic 111, 112, 113, 115 65 138, 149; side-pouring lekythos: Classical Lemnos 31, 64, 74, 126. See also Hephaistia Lenormant 4, 14043, 150, 152, 153, 154, 157 Street, graves on Leon 353 (Knidian eponym) Lesbos 71, 124 Levant 46, 138, 142, 160, 161, 162. See also Asm Minor; Israel; Palestine; Sarepta; Syria lids
Form
6
relief typology
5, 12, 57-58, 59, 64, 121, 166, 169, 177, 178-186, 195, lopas Form 1 38, 179, 181, 196, 311; Form 2 311-315; 40, 180, Form 3 181, 311-312; 6, 40, 58, 179, 180-182, 191, 194, 195, Form 4 196, 197, 198, 312-314; 40, 45, 47, 58, 63, 64, 179, 181, 183-186, 195, 198, 199, 314; Form 5 45, 58, 179, 181, 183-186, 195, 198, 315 fabric 13,15,16,45-46, 47, 48,49,184,185,186, Lopas 5 cooking 198, 244, 382, 383, 384, 405 lot: definition of 1118; numbers, Liidorf, G. 4, 129 164 lykion Lynch,
K. M.
of
format
Beirut;
319-322 5, 186, 195-199, 40, 182, 195, 196, 319-320 320 40, 182, 194, 195, 196-197, 40, 182, 195, 197, 199, 320-321 321 40, 195, 197-198, 45, 47, 185, 195, 198, 321 321-322 40, 195, 198-199, 223,336-337 of 195
of 195 underrepresentation household-ware 5, 28, 55, 94, 97, 104, 195-199, fenestrated 280-281 33, 118-119, See also pithos lid West Slope ware 118, 199 two-handled lid/bowl, 149 lilies, oil of
243
11,118
85-86,144,146,149,168,171. Thessaloniki; Vergina des Comediens Maison 154, 203, (Delos) des Sceaux Maison 203 (Delos)
33, 56, 60,
120-121,
281
280-281
Pella;
223
204,
214,
205-207,
brazier 212; type III B 212; support types: type III A III C 212; type IV B 205-207; 207-208; type IV C 211 208-211; typelVD type V A I. 72, 730 McPhee, measure: bronze 81; vessel used as 3, 19, 33, 59, 65, 79, 80-81 measurements: for concern abbreviations 243; conventions Mayence type
medicine, Megallos Megara
vessels
for
18755
5, 59, 61,
160,
163, 164
147-148 79
72 Meligunis-Lipara ancient mend, 97, 103, 130, 193 Menekrates 343 (Rhodian fabricant) II (Knidian Menekrates 360 eponym) II (Knidian eponym) 343, 354, 372 Menippos Menon's Cistern Index (F 16:8). See Deposit metal: brazier lid 199, 203; thymiaterion 119; vessel See also bronze metalware,
imitation
of,
in ceramic
80,
83-84,
110,
60,
188.
170,
177,
223 Micaceous
fabric 14, 15, 16, 20, 36, 40-43, 49, 61, 181, cooking 191, 197, 244, 382, 383, 384, 401, 405 Middle Stoa 221 Middle Stoa building fill (H-K 12-14). &?e Deposit Index miniature vessels 3, 5, 33, 60, 61, 74, 80, 87-88, 98-99, 124, 163-164 160-161, 123 Mint, U.S. Missouri Research Reactor 15, 148, 377, 379, 380, 383, (MURR) 393, 394 for brazier mold: 202, 206, 212, 216, 218 (see also sur supports for figurines (see baking mold); 122,132, moulage) ;for baking bowls 214; for lamps 132; for moldmade 132, 214; reworking of 205, 215, 218; use of, in forming 56, 57-58, 79, pottery 101, 169, 174, 178, 182 moldmade bowl for moldmade 8, 33, 56, 74, 14890. See also mold, bowls moldmade
223,
See also Olynthos',
See Pollentia Majorca. man with cap (brazier pointed support) 322-324, 327, 330-331 theatrical 204. See also satyr mask mask, mastic 137 P. M. W. 3 Matheson, F. 204 Mayence,
243-244 ing of meat, 104, 167, cooking Medeon 146, 152, 153
164
Le Roy, C. 202 lead: as material
cooking-ware Form 1 Form 2 Form 3 Form 4 Form 5
150
74,88
Macedonia
119 lamp shield 343; Attic 65,182; lamps molds for 132 164 3,97,118, Lang, M. lantern 119 Larnaca 144 Laurion 126
149,
363
Lachish
Lake Prespa Lamia 86
142, 144-145, 56
146
97,
lopadion
C. G. Koehler, 3, 342 64 koine, Hellenistic Kolonos 90,132 Agoraios Komos Cistern (M 21:1). S#? Deposit Koroni 4, 70, 71, 84, 130; (Attica) 45 Kos
435
55, 140, lily (painted motif) lines and dots (incised motif) S. 193 Loeschcke, as beehive 127 log used 4 H. Lohmann,
349 346 343,
INDEX
Morris, mortar
vessels S. P. 149
56, 58,
101, 106
5, 16, 31, 58, 60, 63, 64, 99-103, Clas 115, 121, 264-266; 101, 264; Corinthian 101-102, 103; Form 1 100-102, Form 2 182, 264-265; 102-103, 265; Form 3 103, 265-266; stone 102 mortarium 99 sical
436 83
Moschion
201, 219 135-136 Chart, use of
building blister-ware Soil Color See Missouri 45
Myndos myrtle Mytion Near
Syria Neff, H. 16,28,31, neutron activation 148, 202,
Pella
Minor;
Levant;
Israel;
Palestine;
148 analysis 379-394
15, 16, 23, 28, 31, 32, 42, 43, 45, 49,
213, New Comedy 204 newborn infants 109, 139 Nikias 370 (Thasian eponym) Nikolaos 212126 Nikodemos II (Thasian eponym) fabric
II (Rhodian eponym) See amphora, table, Form
364;
(Rhodian
162 Eua; Elis;
7 deposit (POU) period-of-use deposit I. 202 Perlman, E. 80 Pernice, Persian destruction debris 351
petrographic 158, 202,
65, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 341
140
15,
analysis 213, 405 164
16, 20,
23,
28,
31,
193
pharmacist
118
123 Philadelphia M. Z. P. 135 Philippides, II (Knidian eponym) 366 Philippos Philokrates 361, 371 (Rhodian eponym) Philombrotidas 343, 360 (Knidian eponym) Philonides 371 Si( ) (Thasian eponym)
16, 33, 61, 78, 244
Odysseus 204 oil: production of 99, 116184, 171; used to polish pottery vessels for 286-301. 3, 5, 56, 59, 61, 79, 89, 123, 135-162, also perfume blister-ware
(see jug, blister-ware);
Shape
189; See
Philopappos Hill
3 (seechous)
202 164; vessels
for 5,61,160 166 Olbia (Provence) olive garland 56, 114; (incised motif) olive press, stone table of 117 71 olpe, black-gloss 72, 146, 143
Olympia
162,
(painted
vessels 78, 55 overpainting ovolo (stamped motif) owner's mark 164
55
motif)
Picon,
pilos
as
174; use of
two
See also wasters
108, 216,
218,
204,
132, 139, 158 Way of definition 244 (on brazier), panel 139 Pantainos, Library of 358 Pantaleon (Knidian eponym) 131, 149 J. K. Papadopoulos, 48, 158, 177, 186, 198 Paphos
parcher
38, 40,
186, 187-188, 194
187, parching Paros 86, 126 16 Pasteris, J. D. 18755, 193 patinae I (Rhodian Pausanias
204
31, 43, 49, 55, 61, 63, 13, 15, 16, 20, 23-28, temper fabric 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 87, 89, 91, 94, 97, 102, 106, 110, 112, 113, 115,244,383,401 Pinkish buff fabric 14, 16, 20-23, 28, 49, 61, 75, 76, 78, 81, 94, 110,112,244,405 Piraeus 146
eponym)
365,
368,
376 264; modern
3; representation
of,
217134
in comparison
129, 164 Pliny the Elder 133, 135 Pnyx Poliouches 363, 375 (Knidian eponym) 151, 181, 182, 186-187, 189, 194, polishing Pollentia 193 (Majorca) 360, 374 (Knidian eponym) Polychares 55 polychromy 90 Pompeii red ware 193 Pompeiian R. S. 16 Popelka,
195,
196-197
204, 211, 330, 332 (brazier support) 148, 244 32, 38, 64, 69, 107, 135, 140-141, 167 porridge vessels 164, 302. See also medicine, pot, small handleless pornoboskos porosity
potter's
204,
207-208,
214,
217,
324,
potter's Potters' potter's potting
315-316
equipment mark 222
367
131-134,
5, 61,
Protogeometric
period,
243,
285-286
149
(Corinth) 32, 124, 129, 56-59 techniques
Quarter wheel
(Thasian eponym) Poulys Praesos 99, 116184 Princess's Tower 126 Proto-Attic pottery period, 364,
352,
5, 33, 60, 98-99,
to
A 63; Eastern 108; Eastern plate: black-gloss Sigillata Sigil lata B 182; gray-ware 115, 124, 282; 108; household-ware red ware 193; semiglazed 115; use of lid as 199; Pompeiian used as lid 118
Panathenaic
support)
216
213,
pithos
5, 12, 59, 64, 124, 186, 187, 188-195, 223, 316 (vessel) 1 40, 47-48, 190, 191, 319; Form 58, 63, 64, 168, 188-189, 194, 316; Form 2 40, 47-48, 63, 64, 189, 190, 191, 316-317; Form 3 40,191, 189,190-191, 317; Form 5 40, 317; Form 4 Form 6 318-319; 191-192, 40,63, 64, 191, 192-193, 317-318; Form 7 40, 189, 194, 319
(brazier 331
4330, 45, 202, 163
(Knidian eponym) 93, 98; miniature lid 56,98,129,263 pithos 98127 pithoigia wares: definition of plain fine wares 9
219
208
papposilenos 327-328, 32 Papua
133
Pisinos
56,
44-45,
Pink
tomb of (Assasif) 129-130 Pabesa, traditional in 57-58 Pakistan, potters Palaia Epidauros 79, 146, 164 Palestine 32, 46, 116183, 117, 120, 123, 149 Pallas, D. I. 126231, 130251 204, 219, 330 (brazier support) palmette Pan 1 cooking fabric 14, 47-48, 189, 190, 244 Pan (brazier support): with onkos 204,210, 214; wreathed pan
M.
pigment
148, 218.
39, 42-43,
372 (Knidian eponym) Philoph(ron) Phocaea 48, 189 Phocaean fabric. See Pan 1 cooking fabric Phoenicians 139, 149 Phokis 149. See also Ambrossos; Medeon
171
Olynthos order of catalogue 5 Orestada vessel 130251 orlo bifido pan. See pan, Form 6 oven 187, 223 (see also tabun); use of chytra as handled 121 lid/bowl overfired
Ko
Pergamon
Numenius
oinophoros ointment
Isthmia;
92, 137, 139-140, 149, 150, 157, 158, 160; makers perfume of of 149; manufacture 145, 147-148, 141-142, 162; market at Athens 65, 90, 139-140, 158; sellers of 60; vessels for (see oil, vessels for) 48 Pergamon
nonstandard Numantia
oinochoe:
370
fabricant)
4
383. See also Asine; Corinth; Peloponnese Palaia Epidauros roni; Olympia; War 131 Peloponnesian E. G. 136 Pemberton, P. 202 Perdrizet,
106 344
See also Asia
222.
pelike.
244 Reactor
Research
55, (painted motif) (Rhodian eponym) East
INDEX Pausanias
mudbrick mug, Munsell MURR.
GENERAL
130,
132-133,
370
of
pottery
123, 220 of 82
285
for
GENERAL
pyxis ble
140,
14249,
142,
146,
bin
storage
96; mar
93,
13,
15, 43-45,
supports,
244.
213-217,
See also
216, 218 rose (brazier support) 7-8 wine, import of 121,122,193 Riley, J. A. ritual, vessels used in 80, 87-88, ritual H. S. Robinson, rock, used as lid contexts Roman
16, 28, 31, 42, 49, 154, 155,
168, 170
117, 222
92, 106, 140
160,
185, 202,
211,
212,
212, 332
202104, 204,
138,
See also pyre,
139, 201.
running Rye, O.
spiral (painted S. 32, 57
motif)
(brazier
194, 202,
221
59, 65
support)
204,212,326
sausages
191
sauteing
187
of
20, 28, 36, 40-43, 184, 197, 213-216,
244,382,383,384,401,405 193
Scipio scoop
scoring, sealing, self-slip serving
81, 120 absence of, lead 80 55, dish
in beehives
126-127
154. See also wet-smoothing 5, 33, 38, 57, 103-105, 199, 266-267
141,
174,
182, 189,
of,
to im
193,
194,
wells (Corinth), Fountain House
in 98
163,
184
138-139 B. A. 143, 195, 100
187,
347
eponym)
3, 70, 71, 72, 73, 82, 87, 93, 94, 146, 150, 159, 167, 168, 169, 179, 196, 197
101, 105, 111, 180, 182, 186,
115, 187,
142 221, 222 circle 46, 47, 175, 176 ring. See kiln furniture as term for storage bin
stamp: for manufacture on brazier 212,
93 of moldmade bowls 132; on beehive 128; bottle 164 213; on medicine handles See also 3, 7, 93, 158, 203, 341-342.
stamped amphora transport amphora, 83, 243 stamped lagynos handles stand 5, 59, 121-122, 281; fenestrated 222; for amphora 122, 281. See also cooking 281; low 121-122, stand; horseshoe stand cooking steamer 46, 222, 336 shrine
149
167, 179 stewing Stoa Gutter Well (Q 12:3). Stoa of Attalos, fills under Index, under P-R 6-12 Stobi 121, 155, 157, 185
See Deposit 163, 201,
Index 215,
219.
16, 20, 28, 42-43, 45, 49, 405 J. B. 118, 133-134 stopper 260-264 5, 92-98, storage, vessels for bin 5, 19, 55, 56, 61, 65, 89, 93-97, storage Form 1 33, 94, 97, 118, 260-261; Form 2 Form 3 96-97, 261-262; 118, 262; miniature 64 storage jar (modern) stove, barrel 222, 336 strainer of vessel 87, 99; in mouth 223, 336 Stratokles 347 (Knidian eponym)
See also Deposit
Stoltman,
204
204, 208-211, (brazier support) 331-332 328-330, 195 115; used as lid
108 scallops (stamped motif) Schist cooking fabric 13,15,16, 170, 173, 174, 175, 177, 181,
stacking stamnos
stele 55
L. H. 126, 184 Sackett, Sacred Spring 145 (Corinth) 45,201,202 ?ahin, M. to clay salt: as additive 189 32; as abrasive Samaria 123 Samos 126, 163 Samothrace 97, 104 SARCAR database, Smithsonian Institution 379 Sardis 97 99 Sarepta Index (N 21:4). S^ Deposit Satyr Cistern 211, 219, 332 (brazier support) satyr mask satyr play, chorus satyr with onkos 218, 324-326, saucer: black-gloss
Spina Stabiae stacking
89,90,91,93,95,96,97,98,99-100,112,113,126,175,176,177, 182, 183, 184, 186, 188-189, 191, 192-193, Roman introduction of 193 recipes, Roman standard of measure 87 influence Romans, of, on Hellenistic pottery rotelle
Spain Sparkes, 126, 189, spices
4, 6, 93, 221 118
216; (applique motif) 80, 108, 169, 170-172
167 Stoa
Southwest
4, 28, 76, 77, 78, 86, 95, 102, 110, 113, 114, 123, 126, 150, 156, 176, 177, 182, 184, 186, 191, 192, 223. See also Group F; Group G; Group M Roman 4, 12, 48, 60, 65, 73, 74, 77, 81, 84, 88, pottery of period,
rosette
(Knidian 126
Sosiphron Sounion
81
104,
169,
relationship
Slane, K. W. 48, 162 Slate cooking fabric 14, 46-47, 172, 244 128, 129, 131 smoking of beehive Sochares 347, 367 (Rhodian eponym) Sodamos 372 (Rhodian eponym) Sokrates 366 (Knidian eponym) of function 169, 170, 171, 174, 178, 182, sooting as evidence 219,222 Sosimachos 373 (Knidian eponym)
soup South 149,
217;
217
strokes 110 radiating (painted motif) radish jar 13831, 160, 162-163 raised letters on underside 58, 213, 217 Raman laser microprobe (RLM) spectroscopy 394-401 to diameter ratio of height 111, 113, 151, 152, rechaud a sole 203, 204
214, Rhodian Rhodian
58, 212-213,
352 (Rhodian eponym) Simylinos 64, 126 Siphnos 171 situla, bronze 88 skyphos, votive slab as bottom of pot 47, 57, 58-59,
Aegean
130251
60, 171; Attic red-figure: Apulian reducing atmosphere, firing in 32, relief. See decoration, relief residue of food 171, 174, 182 resin, coating of vessels with 32, 74, Rhodes 83, 96, 138, 142, 144, 147,
220
182, 219,
Sicily 222
on braziers C signatures 214-215 ages silver vessels 107, 140
118
cooking fabric Quartz brazier with moldmade Rachi
55,
IX (Thasian eponym) 351 71, 121, 124, 282; as term for 118,121
pyxis lid
437
shell as temper
IV Philopator 83 on gray unguentaria purple banding 150, 151, 152, 153 74, 87, 139, 157 pyre, ritual Ptolemy
Pythion
INDEX
214,
215,
49, 61-63, 217-218,
217,
165, 219,
131, 260-263; 97, 118, 95-96, 124, 282
105, 106. See also banding stripes (painted motif) 213 stylus (device on brazier stamp) Sulla, sack of Athens 3, 28, 78, 89, 115, 154, 155, 174, 203 by Sullan destruction debris 65, 77, 80, 81, 88, 89, 99, 102, 106, 107, 114, 115, 123, 124, 137, 154, 155, 163, 173, 174, 177, 178, 182, 184, 185, 186, 192, 193, 203, 215, 218 definition of 244 (on brazier), support 217, 218 surmoulage, 205, 214-215, 55, 108 swag (painted motif) 121 sweets, baking of swirl (painted motif) 55 symposium 142, Syria tahun tagenon
60, 73, 80, 83, 144, 162
222 18755
105,
106,
107
438
GENERAL
Talcott, L. 3, 70, 71, 72, 73, 82, 87, 93, 94,101,105, 111, 115,126, 143, 146, 150, 159, 167, 168, 169, 179, 180, 182, 186, 187, 189, 195, 196, 197 tanur 222 119 Tarentum Tarsus 106, 191 as of mudbrick 219 tavern, identification building Tel Anafa 161, 191, 193, 195
INDEX at Athens
introduction
15110?
150-151 typology of Iberian 138-139 141-149 origins of silver 140 unidentified fabrics 296-299 159-160, West Slope ware 148 597. See also sooting use, traces of, on cooking pots
Tel Michal
138,163 Telemachos (Thasian Tell en-Nasbeh 79 Thalimbrotidas Thebes Thera
Thessaloniki
Vari
128, 129, 180, 15, 31, 42, 43, 44 of 167; cleaning vegetables, boiling 110,143,171 Vergina vial 59, 163, 301 87 vinegar
361
eponym)
152
Lamia 152. See also Demetrias; 374 (Knidian eponym) 360 (Knidian eponym) Theugenes 63 thin-walled ware to Tholos 104; debris from damage 168, 181 D. B. 202 Thompson, H. A. 4, 9, 31, 93, 135, 142, 146, 198, 202 Thompson, Thorikos 168 Thessaly Theudotos
Thrace
89 204,
thymiaterion. 118 tile, used as lid Timasikrates (Knidian eponym) Timodikos (Rhodian eponym) Tinos 147 toilet vessels 93, 96
212,
326-327
346 367
Weber,
lead 80 108 design, molded 144 Tourapi (Cyprus) 99,164 toy Trachones 126, 128 trade in utilitarian 64, 216 pottery 204, 216 triglyph (applique motif) tongue
182 lopas 147, 170 B. 92 Tsakirgis, of 6, 205 type, definition structure of 6 typology,
gray
14, 55,
Category Category Category Category Category Category
for 164 5,12,160, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 59, 61, 89, 97,
Category Category
140-157, 1 150, 2 150, 3 150, 4 150, 5 151, 6 151, 7 8
137-160,
144, 288
288-295, 151, 289 151-152, 152-153, 153, 154, 153, 154, 153, 154,
151, 154,295 151,154,295
122
W. 202 T. B. L.
Will, E. L. wine: trade
domed-mouth 14, 65, 139-140, 138?139 from early contexts
100
65 148,
14890, 170,
199,
23, 40, 56, 141, 168, 186, 189 See polishing 56-57, 58, 120, 144, 169, 182, 185 57, 58, 159, 162, 168, 198 wheel-ridging white paint 55, 94, 140, 142, 150, 151, 152, 159 white 83, 85, 96 slip 15 Wiener Laboratory
Troy
151 black-gloss blister-ware 135, 137, bulbous 154, 156 contents of 13723 146 Corinthian
of
wet-smoothing wheel polishing. wheel trimming
tripod 222
vessels
59; crushing
223
tripod
unguent,
119,
of
204 notation 86, 89, 97 weight 80 lead weights, of wells: dimensions 341; sources of fill in ware West 74, 80, 88, 103, 106, 118, Slope Webster,
tokens,
unguentarium 244, 287-299
199
M. B. Wallace, 156116, 157119 of vessel wash, on exterior 38, 89, 115, 141, 173, 180, 214, 219 59, 109 washing wasters 28, 88, 102, 132, 14890, 295 water: drawing of 59, 69, 71, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 341; heating of 59, 74, 130 171; storage of water jar, Aiginetan 64 (modern) wave pattern 94 96; (painted motif) (incised motif) 221; (painted motif) 55, 56,95,96,117, wavy line (incised motif) 89, 94, 96, 105, 106
222 (brazier support) See incense burner
4, 126,
S.
voids 244 I. 171 Vokotopoulou, votives 19, 80, 87-88, 99,
146,
thumbplate thunderbolt
House
Vaughan,
(Knidian 126, 178
31, 146
359
eponym)
14251, 157-158, 393-394 153, 289-290 291-292 292 292-294 294-295
196
164,
182,
3 in
56, 59, 60, 69, 7-8, 64, 86; vessels for serving of 71, 73, 80, 90, 91, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110; vessels for storage of for transport of 59, 83 (see also amphora, 93; vessels transport; lagynos) 59, 98127, 117 winemaking 80 wine-skin B. 16 Wopenka, debris 133, 148 130, 131-132, workshop Xanthos Xanthos
147 (site) 346 (Knidian fabricant) 343 I (Rhodian Xenophantos eponym) 368 (Rhodian eponym) Xenophon Xenostratos 346, 360, (Rhodian eponym) 367 Xenotimos fabricant) (Rhodian X-ray
fluorescence
Young,
R. S.
Zenon
I (Rhodian fabricant) 113 (incised motif)
zigzag
analysis
4330, 45, 213
9 361
369
DEPOSIT This
index
contains
to
references
INDEX
the text. See the Deposit within Summaries deposits tion and for lists of objects from the deposits.
A 17:3
111
H
A 18:1 B13:l
203112
H12:l
B13-.3
113,176s0 119
H H
B 13:7 B 13:8 B 14:2
8 71, 120 95
H 17:1
B 15:4 B 18:13
126238 157120
B 19:8
40
B 20:2 B 22:2
45,
6:9
(pp.
for
343-376)
further
informa
45, 8674, 104148, 162
216
16:3 16:4
(Group B) (Group D)
28, 126,
132264, 159 177, 215, 218
89, 92, 98,
87
8,119,132,132264,133275, (Middle Stoa building fill) 154, 158, 163, 203 I 14:2 98124 29, 74, 8672, 87 J 5:1 (Crossroads Well)
H-K12-14
K7:l 122,
154109, 158, 97 (Fido's Grave)
184
K-L L-M
220 18-20:1 19:1
206 13718
B 20:7
299
M 17:1 (GroupM)
C 12:2 C 17:2
104146>148 13936, 151
M 18:10 154109 M 20:1 65, 77, 95112, 99, 150, 192 M 21:1 (Komos Cistern) 104150, 119193, 130, 132, 132264, 134, 148, 158, 160, 184, 189 M-N 18:1 4535 N 18:3 8776 N 19:1, middle fill 65, 8778, 8883 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) 4, 65, 77, 80,90, 92,114,124,156, 160, 162, 175, 176, 178, 186, 193, 218 N 20:4 65, 95112
C 18:3 132269 C 20:2 132269 D 4:1 (GroupG) D 11:1 D 15:3 D 17:4
133275, 143 28, 7835
D 19:2
8883
D-E
175
113175
8-9:1
E3:l
299, 76, 104, 104148, 111172, 181 8674, 106, 132,151,162
E5:2
105,197
E6:l E 6:2 E 14:1 E 14:3
104148
E 14:6
28, 90, 104148> 15?, 157120, 163 ll19, 28, 86, 93101, 94, 115180, 124, 3010, 71, 93101, 104150, 115180, 124 9193, 93101, 176S1, 189, 203112
E 15:3
71, 124, 133, 156
E 15:4
99,
F5:l
N 20:7 N
130,
132, 133,
154
F 17:3 F17:4 F 19:3 G 5:3
206 132269
G 6:2 (GroupC) G11.-4 G 12:6 G 13:4
G 14:2 H 6:4
104, 104,
113,
114,
139
110
104148, 181 104148
(Group A)
206, 88, 90 28
7425, 76, 77, 159,
1684
8, 84, 86,
O 16:3
8154
0
74, 104146, 111172
18:2
7-10
P10:2 P 20:2
28,97
3010, 8778 23, 3010, 109,
(Satyr Cistern) 154, 184, 221
O-R P6:6
F 11:2 104, 104148, 111172, 168, 181, 197 F 12:3, lower fill 181 F 13:3 9, 90, 93101, 122 F 15:2 (Group E) 102, 113, 115, 176, 193, 198, 218 F 16:8 (Menon's 45, 78, 101, 110, 111, 111172, Cistern) 1684, 181, 197, 221
189
21:4
O 20:2 O 20:3
154, 184
91
130,
132,
158 28, 70 136 13936,157
111172 90, 195
195 10,91,132,181, fill) (Stoa of Attalos building 92, 215132, 219 Qll:3 23, 47, 7835, 8154, 104150 Q12:l 140 Q 12:3 (Stoa Gutter Well) 139, 14042, 143, 145 Q 13-14:1 139, 14042 Q15:2 R9:5 215132,219 R10:l 81, 113175, 114 R13:l 102, 102141, 113175,1686 R 13:9 76, 96, 110, 111172, 139, 181, R19:l 3010 P21:4 P-R 6-12
126,
S 19:2 S 21:1 T27:l
132264, 133275, 148,
122 1686 18550
133275
195,
197
GREEK Greek
words,
graffiti,
dipinti,
783 795
AG
212,
213,
212,
213,
ataxpacrcpov <XAA)7tOV 164
744 750
(signature) 7tavoc9r|vouK6q 147 nAPIOC (dipinto)
191 212, 213, 214, 757 212-213, 214, 746, 774, 779
CA[?] 754,
766 768 38
758,
765,
787
333
107
212 212, 801 86, 118 834
97, 170 89
(dipinto) 186
108
186
xp-uyouioc;
120
72
CAKQMA
Tayr|vov
118,
mark)
(potter's
afiKcojxa 97 93 oinvx] ocooivov 149 CO (graffito)
V8piq 99 ]Mr (dipinto)
catalogue
CAKO)|V|[A](dipinto) aeiocov
99
KOCKKCtPfl 167 KrO (graffito) KE (signature)
(iota)(3868?To<;
MOCXI03NOC (stamp) MPA (graffito) 308 NH (graffito) 700 [NIKO]AA[OY](signature)
366
(signature) [EKA]TAIOY (signature) EPMinnOY XB KIA (dipinto) EYr Y (signature)
are
147-148
[|x]t)Kr| xoi)
[NIIJIAOY
EKAT[AIOY]
KA (graffito)
in bold
numbers
lieydMeiov 214, 748, 214, 755
138
121, Ya
K[?
signatures;
128243
B (graffito) 350 BlOTTO[Y] (stamp)
9i)?ia
and
^T|K1)01OV 138 A,f|ia)9o<; 138
I? ]Y (signature) j?]Y[?]IOY (signature) A (graffito) 596, (signature) A0[H] (signature) aK(X7cviaxov
stamps,
INDEX
cpp-oyeipov
117 186
X (graffito) 50 119
XPHCTOY 212-213,
214, 759,
760
(graffito)
164, 554
numbers.
FIGURES
FIGURE 1
1(P1838)
2 (P 2881)
4 (P29264) \ /
7i
Y^^X-?_r-^
6 (P 19365) Chous.
Trefoil
jug:
split rim Scale 1:4
5 (P 10258)
FIGURE 2
7 (P 5741)
8 (P 5644)
9 (P 6939)
?
/-b?__M
-H?^m
11 (P904)
Other
trefoil
jugs. Mushroom
jug
Scale
10 (P 7698)
1:4
12 (P 16624)
FIGURE 3
13 (P
rTTf
WfTTf
\ \ 15 (P
Hellenistic
14 (P 11245)
17518)
jug, Form
foot
(Pinkish
// \ 16 (P 18769)
3793)
1: disk
\
buff
fabric)
Scale 1:4
ii
i? (pi858o)
FIGURE 4
18 (P 17519)
19 (P 2873) 20 (P 1825) 21 (P 7775)
22
Hellenistic
jug,
(P
Form
1: disk
13458)
foot
(Hellenistic
23 (P 10449)
waterjug
24
fabric) Scale 1:4
(P
13457)
FIGURE 5
? ^j__j
j
r
LD
VL/
27 (P
Hellenistic
jug, Form
1: disk
28
25438)
foot
(Pink
temper
25 (P 397) 26 (P 21319)
fabric) Scale
1:4
(P 21318)
FIGURE 6
r~
(fTTl
30 (P 10439)
29 (P 27976)
32 (P
a
21187)
1: disk foot (other fabrics) Hellenistic jug, Form and ring foot (Pink temper fabric) Scale 1:4
33 (P 22469)
V^Tf
31
(P 13459)
34
(P
5703)
FIGURE 7
35 (P
36 (P 2883)
17082)
37
(P
16281)
wn
L
I
39(p3i8?4)
40
38 (P 24935) Hellenistic
jug, Form
1: ring foot
(other
fabrics)
Scale 1:4
\
\f\\
(P
J
3404)
FIGURE 8
41 (P5530)\ /
42 (P 13712)
43 (P5707)
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
2Scale 1:4
44 (P 17037)
FIGURE 9
X \ \ J 46 (P13431)
45 (P11292)
1
47 (P5807)
^~^S\
1515
yzi
f
?==____
F- I48 (P 21314)
/?r*% 49
L_B__^f_\ 50 (P 14448) Other
long-necked
jugs
Scale
1:4
(P 4361)
51 (P 33782)
FIGURE 10
_ 52 (P 2874) 53 (P 14175)
54
t>
55 (P6328)
57 (P Hellenistic
jug, Form
3Scale 1:4
14198)
56 (P 19517)
58 (P 14176) 59 (P 396)
(P 25435)
FIGURE 11
tDtD
61
60 (P 4415)
63 (P 16283) 64
62 (P 28044)
(P 766)
(P
392)
TDtD
i
ft
65 (P
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
pts
nr
11687)
4: flat bottom
and disk
66 (P 18768)
foot Scale
1:4
67
(P
19904)
FIGURE 12
TtsTts
Its
[.1J
w
68 (P 28463)
69 (P 21323)
70
j\
71 (P 16396)
0
(D
jug, Form
4: ring foot. Narrow-necked
(P 24803)
F]\
72 (P 3405)
73
ID
(P
75 (P 19283)
74 (P 629)
Hellenistic
KD
jugs
Scale
1:4
9129)
FIGURE 13
\ 'if
if'
{
77
76 (P 25442)
(P 11869)
rx ?>_?
78 (P 33330)
1'y
! 79 (P 20546)
Askos
v 80
_y (P 19473)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 14
85 (P 24934)
86 (P 3985)
o>
d)
87 (P 21320)
d>
88 (P
21316)
92 (P 5701)
91 (P 8025) Basket-handled
waterjug
89 (P 21189)
Scale
1:4
90
(P
20447)
93 (P 15650)
FIGURE 15
94 (P
95 (P 513) 96 (P 514)
14479)
98 (P15651) \
97 (P17025)
|
^\\
& m
99 (P14442) \ j
100 (P 11872) Basket-handled
waterjug.
Hydria
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 16
101 (P6327)
/'/ / I
I
7-
/7
(P26878)
/
I
/
I ^^
/
/
104 (P Lagynos
/
Ii ! ii
/T^< /7
' I
102
x
r=Mm^^S 103 (P 16285) f
I V~
^^^/
I
/'
i/ /
/
'
16284)
105
/
/ 7 I/ /
/ 7
'
T7
7 I ^W\
/ /^u
// //
(P
i
;
''
! W \
V p
11686) Sea/*
1:4
FIGURE 17
i
106(P28203)
I
jj
fl1., 107 (SS 10260) !
Ii
108 (P 9400)
109 (P 16395) nos
110
(P 15892) Scale
1:4
FIGURE 18
111 (P 11329)
112 (P9081)
113 (P5837) 114 (P 8583)
Lagynos
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 19
116
115 (P16279)
(P6941) \/
117
I^/X
/^''^^='
119
(P 5929)
^Li<,V^|___y'
118 (P5805)
Cy=j
#*
frTh * \ !__:_ ! Uillr
ffffr inN 120 (P 5806)
(p 17045)
/
"\* ( j
L (| \
121 (P 33281) \ /
\
fn
h\~
fc-M /?
!
<* \o
\
I ? @ (5 e /
122 (P 26161) Amphora,
Forms
1 and
2Scale
1:4
FIGURE 20
123
(P
4423)
125 (P 27787)
124 (P1839)
\ / 130 (P33002)
127 (P515)
128 (P 15900) Amphora,
Forms
3-6 Scale
1:4
129
(P 14447)
126 (P 6940)
FIGURE 21
131 (P4092) \ //
132 (P 14445)
_^___
^
134
133 (P 18297)
WW
137(P3407)
ftilk-
/
11
(P 14446)
JTk/^Z-^l\\
/
135(P17038)
Or
Ap
/ \ //\
yy Amphora,
Form
7. Other
amphoras
w
136 (P1082) Scale
1:4
140
(P 11876)
FIGURE 22
^_____j-__>^
v" fTY
1 138 (P 3403)
139
mm 141 (p 16114) \^_
(P 14444)
I 142(P3178)
y
\J g
-
144 (P 11893)
W ^->3
\____L__ '-/
Other
amphoras.
^y Form
Funnel,
145 (P 21752) 1Scale
1:4
FIGURE 23
146 (P32662)
147 (P8586) / X^
Vif 148 (P 8587)
149 (P 16720)
'
Y
151 (P 19788)
\
I
/
152 (P 16104)
153 (P 11894)
154 (P 11861) Funnel,
Form
2. Other
funnels
Scale
1:4
150 (P 20837)
FIGURE 24
_
/2-__q
P1^^ )
____Z_Z
V^^r
|
vJ--;-/ 155 (P
3563)
156
(P 3998)
_
^^E____3 1i
II
I>
'/
\ \
/
\
/
'
/
/
157 (P 19719)
Storage
bin,
Form
1
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 25
tt\
c7^rv
~
158 (P
(
m
159
14364)
(
h^^^w
(P 5783)
160 (P 6755)
Storage
bin,
Form
1
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 26
i a
161 (P 20500)
163 (P 8067)
j
!]
I
/ /
^ xs
x
/
/
162 (P 11892)
Storage
bin,
Form
1
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 27
164 (P 2227)
165 (P 14451)
i
!
166 (P 19118) Storage
bin,
Form
2 (large) Scale
1:4
'i
FIGURE 28
167 (P
169
28436)
170
168 (P 11862)
171 (P
18770)
T^^"^-".
(P 18766)
(P
172
(P 16658)
!
-7
173 (P 11423) Storage
bin,
Forms
2 (small)
and
3. Other
large
storage
16404)
vessels
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 29
-,-^# ^^^^k
si
174 (P 6350)
175 (P 3799)
176 (P 26160)
I ^
,_J
111 (P 26024)
178 (P 14338) Large
storage
vessel.
Pithos
lids. Miniature
179 (P 14435) pithos? Scale
1:4
180 (P 14434)
FIGURE 30
181 (P 3560)
182 (P 901)
1?-^ 183 (P 28144)
184 (P4406) Classical
mortar.
Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
1:4 Scale 1
185 (P 28145)
FIGURE 31
186 (P 17986)
\\\>\ \\
\
\
_D__l
187 (P 8418)
f/
/
J
/'' \\
//
\\
\
\
II \ \
^ \
188 (P 13705) Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
Scale 1
1:4
\
FIGURE 32
189 (P 3396)
190 (P 21313)
ry \
((
191 (P 14456) Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
Scale 1
1:4
_ 192 (P 33046)
FIGURE 33
193 (P
194
14455)
(P 14454)
195 (P 18778)
^^^^ L/
Wk
/
/^^^^^^^^^
196 (P 32668) Hellenistic
mortar,
Forms
2
and
3
Scale
1:4,
except
where indicated
FIGURE 34
I 198 (P8312) i
^^^
197 (P 8313)
yA
. 199 (P 4463),
profile
1
/
L_J__)
!/ 199,
\
profile
r
2
200 (P 8566) Serving
dish
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 35
-1
r^___
201, 742 (P 6218a, b)
J^
i ^-^
^-?I
^*
202 (P 6973)
203 (P6976) \ ^^^T
cL=L_V. / I 205 (P11535)
PHI 204 (P 4707)
US'
Serving
dish
206 (P 12165)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 36
/
ire-
\
207
(P
)/
\
208 (P 11673)
6324)
fj
ii*
rn
m _r
\
\ V-L/
209(P17042) /
A
J
210(P7728)
pz.B
II II
212 (P 393)
211 (P4184)
213(P4882)\ Krater,
standard
form:
disk,
ring,
and unknown
^M footScale
1:4
214 (P 17985)
FIGURE 37
215 (P
Wl
r v
^
I
r
\
V
(P 28650)
c\\
217 (P2980)
220 (P19787)
216
18771)
\*__\
l~~?Tm
y
\**>S?JJ?WPj
v I?^^m 218 (P 28649)
219 (P
Krater,
standard
form:
221
26269)
ring and unknown
footScale
1:4
(P 13702)
FIGURE 38
_i
\ M 223 (P8582)
222 (P 13701)
224(P14339)\ //
\\) 226 (P 16398)
225 (P8571)
Krater,
standard
form:
ring and unknown
foot Scale
1:4
FIGURE 39
?I
ri
227 (P20865)
j/t^
I I */^m
I
\
I
\
i _y
v
"V" -
^^
I
\ - /T_i J
^rP7
233 (P 30431) !
"~jgfc
iyyywavwpp^
228 (P 20254) ^w^
______
"______*
r (*
229 (P 6038)
f<
230 (P4572)
231 (P 33843)
234 (P 28074)
*\__7
235 (P
16288)
f
^^rfffy,
?fi?P6?.
_v
236
(P 16287)
y
^^_ t__zzzd!^___^F i=_______=l_______^r
238
237 (P 18777) Other
kraters.
Lekane,
Form
1 Scale
1:4
(P 29747)
/ /
FIGURE 40
239 (P 19713)
1
cV_
^k>
240 (P 11672)
241 (P 18772)
I
~JJ% /
"~/^
f 245 (P3400) \ ^T
Form
\
/^ y
243 (P 13502)
242 (P 26270)
Lekane,
?I
cS
1
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 41
^==q-~p
244 (P 28486)
246 (P3831)
247 (P 21738)
248 (P 13698)
Lekane,
Form
1
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 42
249 (P 27974)
250 (P 19699)
I
C^v?
251 (P 19700)
252
c
1
>^
(P 6330) __m _w
253 (P 16289)
CT
A5
I 254 (P 32658) Lekane,
Form
2
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 43
c_
255 (P
7722)
I
256
E?
(P 18774)
257 (P 13699)
258 (P 11424) Lekane,
Form
3
scale
1:4
FIGURE 44
259 (P 28434)
260 (P 14457)
261 (P 4358)
Lekane,
Form
3
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 45
262 (P 18775)
264
263 (P6335)
(P 17976)
265 (P 14452)
Lekane,
Form
3
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 46
266 (P 18776)
267 (P 4035)
\-
\mmmmmmt^m 268 (P 7040)
,J
269 (P 17041)
_7
270 (P 13703) Lekane,
Form
"Cz
4: ring and disk
foot
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 47
271 (P 13704)
272 (P 14480)
273 (P 4360)
Lekane,
Form
4: flat bottom
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 48
274 (P 3398)
275 (P 3399)
276(P14458)\\lj\\
yy
set <^_
^rt
mps~
^^W x\
(P32655)
"=,-jfM
M
\
280 (P 4363) Lekane,
277
Form
4: recessed
base;
flat, decorated
rim
Scale
1:4
278 (P 4071)
\ M 279 (P4037)
FIGURE 49
281 (P 4359)
T -p
283 (P 4124)
282 (P 20592)
T
i
if
284 (P16105)
285 (P9114)
286 (P 14312) Lekane,
Form
4: heavy wall,
decorated
rim. Other
lekanai
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 50
287 (P 13503)
288
289
(P8570)
291 (P
29305)
(P 8109)
290 (P 11884)
292
(P 19367)
i I (
293 (P
Deep
bowl.
Shallow
bowl:
disk
16290)
foot
Scale
1:4
| \f&
294
_^^
_____ ^
(P 11671)
FIGURE 51
u
295 (P
14250)
297
(P4055)
296
\&
299 (P 26162)
300 (P 13692)
301 (P 14459)
Shallow
bowl:
ring foot Scale
1:4
(P 19736)
298 (P 17040)
FIGURE 52 r
302 (P
^ j-~^P*
_ _
303 (P 13694)
11670)
304
(P 13696)
305 (P 14311)
306 (P
17
312 (P
bowl:
small
T
3395)
310 (P 3354)
311
32650)
313 (P 20885)
yE7
309 (P
Shallow
307 (P 32651)
28067)
and
314
308
^X7 (P
3394)
(P
16291)
315 (P 16207)
316
(P 11863)
317 (P 11675)
318
(P 11864)
319 (P 23601)
320
(P 6028)
footless.
Small
bowls Scale
1:4
(P 11289)
FIGURE 53
\
_-*
** ________ / V
322 (P 8938), profile 1
322, profile
2
323 (P 14468) Heavy
basins
Scafe
1:4
FIGURE 54
v__z^yzfj 324 (P 6337)
V_'
section
A
tr__P
_
^!!__-__^r
\_'
section
!
B
A *]
BtiL. (l__\ J^zzqth
b
A Heavy
basin
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 55
321 (P12159)
\_BIHBBH^r
^^HHHHHHHHb-1-H^flHHHHV
(p
326
m^^^^^^^^tKtKKt/ttKKK
(P
11887)
I_LZ:~~~IJKHB_H
327 (P 3310)
_,---"""
1
'!
!
^^^?-1-??jip^?
Heavy
basin.
Shallow
spouted
basin.
Deep
jr?
spouted
basin
Scale
1:4
u /;
328
(P 16401)
FIGURE 56
'
-
'rf-;:'
:m-::y'fff^-f-''
S29(P16277)
:r,S
/ i
331(P19891) fXX
*iSO<_?9079)
333(P23274)/
332(P14194)/
334 (P30430)
^^V \\ "1 \/ V /.AAA ?
_.-:--V 336 (P
4151)
335
I__ (P 11204)
^^KSS7
(_____J____2) S40 (P11293)
(<^___)_
\___?A
338(P22861)
Ml (P8419)' //f^V^ '
342(P15902)V
_______?),. 343 (P 9120) Lid.
Fenestrated
lid. Two-handled
A
lid/bowl
Scale
1:4
#" 339 (P15785)
I
FIGURE 57
i=a 344 (P 6758) I
rcr
JJ
345 (P
(
349
347 (P 14443) Vl-7
^-_.._-"'"
346 (P 17039)
630)
I
To)
351 (P5554)
350 (P19890)
353(P6344) Iv7
J 355
354 (P 8927) Stands.
Other
household-ware
vessels
Scale
352 (P6027)
1:4
(P 14440)
356 (P28204)
FIGURE 58
i
357 (P
r
rn
20506)
858
7 (P28146)
Wl
359 (P16286)
360
(P 28483)
\U
i
r-7 <
361 (P3401)
n
I fl 363(P20491)
362 (P14453)
Beehive
Scale
1:5
FIGURE 59
364 (P5824) \ /
-L-^
\
^3_i 366
(P 7189)
,
'
,
365 (P 21772)
,,
r ______] | /^^^^^l A 368(P32654) ^Ifvl^MJ 367(P14341)I 1^^^^^^^
Ujjk
376 (MC 182)
379 (P 18745)
377 (P 17163)
383 (MC 1677) 1
380 (MC 1676)
" ' ' ^^ ) I
C-L1
385 (P 14469)
384 (P 21074)
381 (MC 1675)
J
378 (P 8131) ^^ 382 (P 4326) Beehive, Potter's
extension equipment
ring,
and
cover
364-376
Scale
1:5 377-385
Scale
1:3
FIGURE 60
^y^\ 1?\_ "CT^ ) )
Iy
v^._??-
x'
^y
______/
\___________________H___r
386 (P 4459)
I
388 (P 5936)
'
/ 390 (P28201)
'^yy __^__ ,'
392
* jJ
389(P10894)
391 (P11422)
i
\
/
(P 22491)
^~V
^
7
/\
J^|r4" *
)
\
J/
\
\>
I
\ /
_J
V_____~-___-^
387 (P 6319)
W
\ f
""CTL y^^^? ^^^ \
^^^
395(P7727)
^
393(P31872b) 394(P2?385)EEEB 1
396(P6154)
\
/V
^
\-____399(P 19533) \ /
400 (P2871) Blister
ware
398
________________*
(P 8976) Scale
1:3
FIGURE 61
\ 402 (P30944)
401 (P30948,P 30950)
\ ' pflMM-W>
i
403 (P 25696)
Emm
405 (P 26044)
404 (P1887) Amphoras
and
oversize
unguentaria
(gray ware)
Scale
1:3
406
(P 14400)
FIGURE 62
*
407
*
$ (P30205)
(P7381)
411 (P18472)
418
*
ft
(P17603)
Small
gray unguentarium,
419
(P15169)
Categories
(P636)
414 (P16127)
413 (P 26057)
412 (P7350)
'I (P9323)
1 and
2 Scale
-I
408 409 410
?
1:3
(P5829)
415 416 (P 6320)
420 421 422
(P5795)
417 (P15129)
(P16216)
*
* (P27431)
423
(P5830)
FIGURE 63
425 (P19756)
(P1878) i)tHH
111
430 (P 28981)
431 (P18753)
(P 22214)
432 (P 22905)
$ (P16261)
Small
gray unguentarium,
i
Categories
444 443
$
4 Scale
445
(P1948) 1:3
429 (P 22815)
(P 2242)
435 (P18754)
(P18755)
440 (P 24932)
(P1914) 3 and
ilH434
433 (P 27432)
439 438 (P 14293)
i
427 428 (P 28980)
426 (P15064)
424
436 (P1576)
441 442 (P 13499)
?
446 447
(P22814)
$ (P1534)
(P 22950)
437 (P 23603)
FIGURE 64
1TT
449 448
(P19789)
450
(P27611)
452451
(P28429)
(P8029)
(P5561)
. J
-1454
453
(P28982)
(P5819)
459 458 (P13494)
(P 20723)
y
465
(P8031)
1111II (P8028)
464
466 (P8022)
I
455
(P1522)
460 (P 13491)
467 (P 8023)
i
456
457
(P1600)
461 (P13492)
(P1598)
463462 (P13691)
468469 470 (P 28314)
(P13490)
(P 28428)
(P 523)
FIGURE 65
i
i
473
(P1452)
471
477
472
f
I
483 (P 30260)
481 (P 6185)
f
(P6186)
478
(P5555)
(P26031)
(P522)
475
474
(P6188) H
I (P
484 (P 30261)
479
(P5558)
(P12101)
I1
485 (P 22892)
482 8923)
486 (P 4327)
476
(P5550)
480
(P6019)
FIGURE 66
_
1 y?~\
i
Iff
fR
/ l~~~H |__j^I h?_ ^H
ir4/Dlz;
tW
t
501 (P 17605)
\
unguentarium.
494 (P9070)
496495 (P28112)
(P23042)
(pi8751> ^_r-r
y I ^^V
Domed-mouth
) \
487
m.
493 (P9360)
Other
unguentaria
492 497 (P 22891)
502 (P 1826)
Scale
498 (P1108)
I
1:3
503 (P 18752)
500499 (P 26032)
(P 26446)
FIGURE 67
TT
505 (P1527)
(P15159)
11
(P33045)
504
506 (P 19919)
511 512 * (P6803)
507 (P16659)
513 (P4355)
508509 (P 3839)
514 (P366)
VJ
510 (P 5556)
(P521)
^^/ /^W
11
ffifW Other
(P769)
unguentaria
516 515 (P10250)
517 (P 30976)
518 519 (P 208)
(P9814) Scale
1:3
FIGURE 68
\
( \ II
Hi
(P18750)
\#
J ^
\r
523 \ 520 521 (P12094) # \ bli \ M \
(P22873)
(P3830) \
525
I ^^j
L_U
(PH438)
526 (P 19115)
)
unguentaria.
)
528 527 (P19798)
(P 11209) Other
(
?\
Miniature
amphoras
Scale
529 (P 20443) 1:3
/#
M
' ?"y y-V1
I
(
i/
I
\?
/
\
531530 (P 5637) (P19112)
524 (P 17409)
FIGURE 69
u7v#
/y\
s?r?___
\ \
i
\ Im
\ X m
\
\
\
\
7 v
\
yy*
ui
\
' /
\yi
532 533 534 (P16276) (P 25441) (P11873)
?
m*
536535 (P 28522) (P 23082)
Phoenician
amphoriskos
Scale
1:3
if
\
fe
' V
'7
v11 \ //
v__ ; / \? ; /
\
/
v?
>' i c vi \ //
V-
i
'
_
vm
(
\
'
P
I /
JIIUn
My*
538 537 (P17878) (P 15432)
\
'/
FIGURE 70
'/
r
v~
\
\
'
/
i
/m
'/
\
T
\
; x/
m
\m
\
Xf
540 539 (P 3834)
(P 3203)
543 (P 20288)
542 (P 21076)
545
(P26955)
546
(P20277)
547 548
(P8939)
552 (P 6023)
Phoenician Radish amphoriskos. Small one-handled jugs Small handleless pots Scale 1:3
jar. Vial
541 7776)
(P
544 (P 27704)
549
(P18749)
553554 (P 3640)
551 550
(P5721)
(P10896)
(P 5726)
(P16165)
FIGURE 71
w-,
yy\
555 (P
-rr\
558 (P
561 (P
D
556 (P 27989)
27913)
-.-tn
CD
v
4461)
y
557
\
(P
26969)
(P
4424)
(P 'm
11456)
TT\
I.)
559 (P 905)
562 (P 26159)
14173)
560
(.I
563
)
'' \_____^^^^
ID
Chytra,
564 (P 18786)
Form
I _r__r
V_
_D
565
1
'
566
(P 4042)
(P 18787)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 72
~m
tu
567 (P 13496)
fD
568 (P 13706)
CD
571 (P19113)
OF 572
0)
569 (P 28316) 570
(P11868)
IB
573 (P14437)
574 (P5531)
3
575 (P 16162)
3^
576
^" \
3^s Chytra,
I\
Iii
!
577 (P 19101) Form
1. Other
one-handled
chytrai
Scale
1:4
(P 32648)
578 (P32670)
(P 14465)
FIGURE 73
1
(
580(P4044)/_ \
^v/^
1 586 (P 17023)
579 (P 14172)
581 (P 15453)
mm
582
(P 21190)
!
583 (P 29358)
Chytra,
Forms
2 and
3Scale
1:4
584
(P 29357)
\
585 (P28212)
FIGURE 74
588
587 (P 21311)
\
v \
(P 19947)
/
591 (P3409)
-
589 (P21312) / \
CD
m
, , -a 592 (P11905)
\ J 593 (P19255)
594 (P 13707) Chytra,
Form
3 variants
and Form
4Scale
1:4
FIGURE 75
(V
I?<sf|
T.......3
\v y~-
)\
-
i_j; ?a*4
T.^
595 (P 889) 596 (P 26661)
597 (P 11246)
598 (P
Form Chytra,
19716)
5
599
(P 18788)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 76
\
i 600 (P 32645)
601 (P
J
28448)
603
^.J
(P
604 (P32676) I J 605 (P 8034)
Chytra,
Forms
5 and
6Scale
1:4
28147)
FIGURE 77
Y335
606 (P4362)
607 (P11688)
1
[_
608
(P15855)
609 (P 33047)
610 (P2393)
611
(P 32677)
^-^ I ^00^^613 (P10901) 612 (P 11906) Chytra,
Forms
7-9
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 78
I
yn\
w
I I
614 (P 32646)
%?i?^ 615 (P 33336)
616 (P 33399)
\ \ y^^^^^^k hi
^W_ // i
iy&^&to&tf ^#_*?&&*?#i
* *
i i
617 (P 32672)
618 (P 14460)
619 (P 33408)
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
Scale
1:4
"/'
FIGURE 79
620 (P 33407)
ii 621 (P 32868)
/ /3
\
!
x
I 623 (P 14461)
622 (P 32639)
iP3=3=^y^
624 (P 677)
I
j
625 (P 20891)
Other
two-handled,
globular
chytrai
Scale
1:4
II
\
FIGURE 80
626 (P 14234)
^r-1-p./
627 (P 22130)
Chytra,
Form
10
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 81
628 (P 20442)
CD
UJ
630 (P
629
678)
631 (P 15652)
(P 13708)
^Lj
632
\
]^\
633 (P 29355)
rj\ Chytra,
Forms
10 and
634 (P32647) \ ! fl 11Scale
1:4
,3
^ 63MP 32669)
(P 11890)
FIGURE 82
y^y
636 (P
\y^& 637
4389)
^^
(P 27973)
t638 (P 8417) _^
f\
639 (P 6219) a
__7
^__/
640 (P 7778)
641 (P
642
28079)
(P 16293)
643 (P 19715)
644, 715 (P 11247, P 10440) Lopas,
Forms
1-3
645 (P 8424) Scale
1:4
FIGURE 83
646 (P 29348)
647 (P
648
29349)
\?3f
(P 29350)
w^ 649
(P
651 (P
26271)
650, 726 (P 18781a, b)
18780)
652
654
653 (P 11901)
655 (P32653)
(P 19910)
(P 8572)
656 (P32642) \) f 657 (P 13710)
Lopas,
Form
3
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 84
658 (P 18779)
s__=?
wo
659
660 (P 32671)
(P8569)
661, 735 (P 12088a, b)
663 (P 16294)
yzy
Form
3 variants
and Form
(P 679)
"yw
(P
^^^
|____ 667 (P 11902)
Lopas,
(P 33052)
664
666
665 (P 13709a)
^-^
662
4Scale
1:4
6029)
668 (P 32644)
FIGURE 85
669 (P3413)
670, 733 (P 19938, P 19913)
t33
671 (P 3412)
672 (P 32673)
J-' 673 (P 14462)
674 (P 11882)
Lopas,
Form
5. Other
lopades
Scale
1:4
675
(P 33785)
FIGURE 86
V
676 (P 4462)
677 (P 26965)
678 (P 27197)
679 (P 18791)
^=^__T 680 (P 19902)
D?\?J
\__^^_^^^^_^^_^_^^_a_____p
681 (P6341)
c^?i?*> 682 (P 19807)
683 (P 14463)
Parcher.
Pan,
Form
1 Scale
1:4
FIGURE 87
684 (P 11674)
685 (P 3420)
686 (P 14432)
687 (P 32680)
688 (P 11899)
689 (P 14464)
3e3
690 (P 3414)
691 (P 32681)
3---I-=y> 692 (P 33295) Pan,
Forms
2-4
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 88
^ \____j____*
-?-jB0BB3SMSKtSKBH&&^^^
^--kz2S__zr_^zz__?__Si_B^^
694
693 (P9401)
^y
(P 6346)
695 (P 16214)
v--i-_/ 696 (P 18790)
697 (P 33307)
698 (P 14397) Pan,
Form
5
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 89
/ MH
/ \ 699 (P3186)
700
701 (P 32869)
(P 10831)
702
(P 32493)
703 (P 32679)
704 (P 11900)
705 (P 32640)
706 (P 33577)
708 (P 6340)
709 (P6345)
710
711 (P 18782)
712 (P 32664) Pan,
Forms
6 and
7. Other
pans Scale
1:4
(P4881)
707 (P 33089)
FIGURE 90
717 (P 2875)
__^^,.
713 (P 4390)
718 (P 28080)
714 (P 13483b) / \__>y 719 (P 18783)
715
/-^"~"
(P10440)
"^-"^^
j=m 720 (P 19445)
721 (P 32656)
722 (P 33954)
723 (P 11677)
724 (P 29352)
T^pP
_
728 (P18784)
^^
^^--^F 725 (P 29351)
^=fj?
^^^^b^?
729 (p 22196)
726 (P 18781b)
727 (P 19900) Lid,
Forms
1-4
730
(P 3416) Scale
1:4
FIGURE 91
731 (P 28208)
^^fL*^ 732 (P 680)
736 (P28209)
^mmm 131 (P 32641)
(_^TI-__^n*
738
(P 3418)
733 (P 19913)
^^^ ^*^^^
739 (P 33285)
734 (P 6760)
^^ 735 (P 12088b)
740 (P
8425)
741 (P14314) /
743
_ ^^^^ ^\
742 (P 6218b) Lid,
Forms
5 and
6. Other
lidsScale
745 (P5641) 1:4
(P 6343)
I ?& 744 (P18785)
FIGURE 92
750 (P 7039)
-r
ir 746 (P20982)
(P 27214)
(P 22199a)
(P152)
r
~r
y
(P24089)
(P31950)
<
751
^
^
>
r
r
rf
747
r
*
(p3244)
763 762769 (P1494)
? 755 (pH62) (P
*
> m
32166)
1
772 Ml (P28401)
(T 776 (P 14320)
Brazier
(Quartz
cooking
fabric)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 93
A
D_^#\#
780(P3421)/ f|
/
1U
J
hLBMMMMMMM\fff ^ 'Nt ttfc 783 (P17989)
784 (P4191)
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric)
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 94
786 (P 22052)
788 (MC 1330)
787 (P 683)
\ M JM
\--^_
789 (P14467)
f
l
?
795 (P 8568) Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric)
Scale
1:4
^-J__l
FIGURE 95
797(P24236)
\
Jf
A
J\*
-
L__j
_#
_-^Wv7)
^L
* '
'
(/ f-^T
7
812(P14724)
^^^
803 (P 5464)
u
815 (P 33927)
-4
(other
fabrics).
Brazier
VV 821 (P 33712)
818 (P 33928)
with
plain
817
-4
(P 33302)
816 (P 22200)
V
yf
Brazier
'
<*
supports
Scale
1:4
\/7
-V822 (P21621)
FIGURE 96
3
r
i?'? 824
f
M
(P 33304)
'' '' 823 (Pf^^^ r ^^\ 33303)
j
gp
827 (p ^^2)
826 (P 33345)
--'
;; !'^frDL3J /i
' i ii 'i \gv
\\
i'wA (_Li_llEJ
^
1 Id LJ h f^3 jp / 3 mm / se-ction a-a
^
y
\ > i H__L_i__.._.i_j
825 (P 19911)
I 829 (P20981c)
t=^-J
|-c^
828 (P 28083) i _
832 (P15731)
L =^T_D 830 (p 32659)
' -7 jf 835 (P 25302) "^
l
rx) I
833 (P Horseshoe
cooking
stand. Other
braziers
and
cooking
8S1(p32638) f #
834
19102) stands
Scale
(P 18789) 1:4
/ \\i \
FIGURE 97
836(P16292) /
838(P9331)
\ /\
J
839 \\ 21798) (P
837 (P 28449)
mr /
\
M
I
/
841 (P18320)
| j=?
844 (P14177)
840 (P 8427)
845 (P 32643)
yy
v
\__4
iy
846 (P 32665)
{ 847 (P 32663)
Other
cooking
equipment
Scale
1:4
FIGURE 98
|a|b|c|p|e I
jl^ ___ 3 ?
A IX
"/-*^ns
lp
\
^\!
?
5
V?4l^-st5\poikile
X\
J^jT^i^
;>_
^__\>.//_^
>_?-*
| u |v | j_ ?| l| ___ ATHENIAN AGORA II B.C. 3 Century // ? .
|j|k-|l|m|n|o|p|q|r!s1t
^\\AW: \. ^^v
Rl
4
-
I f|g|h|i
\
J^^^^F^n^^
^J_L
_
cffz d_m
TT 12
_
_,_, C12:2 4 B1^
'4
dia-oJIf
^S^TOAofAnA-OS * ? ^ISa-Sa
_
^0
n \ ?"**f??BRICKBU,LDING MIDDLE STOA \ \il*rVf TT ' ' yf%^iJ^J ________!_-?-~ \i h H12 \ ~? ^,1:^*_*^i
.^^ /%
y^^
JA
*r^v^sr?_?*^ HT3;r^^^^*^^^_iffl???^^^** ..?__?,.__._.in
>^c
\^^//G13:4
V Nl I * fr- R13:1 _
;._.
**$pW\m_
iriMMi
T* \ w?^ t ^fr^ggPfo3:2-J-J"*
HI"-ED "^
"*"
**
^
E!5?^ / B18i^18:1%,
B1^C,8:^ J#Sl9:6 //^
_A-B19-_0:UT
4*~*vo
//
af*3
23 24 s
20
._-,
3p
_J_\
40
of the Athenian
N20* n*vi
\
50
7^^_
\O0f_I_200 /_30)rrteters
i
,
^?
!8 X?
re
jk fgj
oio.__._?*__*> I !T_I r ''
-^^C^flL
ndfflfM > m_o:4N_o:74?^
/^
, y-^i D
|A | B |C |
M2
oisti
_ \ f_3
on A YELEUSINION
AREOPAGUS 1
/ \
,
JL >T*^_
>4V^W
II
;j^"_JSn&3
+ M'7:1^2 N19:l?N1?:2 l --M^1:
+
F19:3
20 ^J^P WAff
Plan
\
"
fc " "__* /
Sb*P A. \ \ 14 *yl in PT crMiTucTOA ii ~*~-??_^\_ ci_./ r I oUUmblUAII HM:3/ / HLl rw'1 I E145^!]2_|^^:15?> J|?| I \ \ \ \^^^^%a^w^.vs^m^^^\ "^^^^ DSSGSr'rr'^1*2//lf^mH^ fe^X i?; \
18
~~
_*p4S__
\ ^^lllt) N10:2
^itf ^
m_ti B14-6
i*_
IP1y
/
\
od^ "^^i^T^.'f H2:4> Dn?1Di_f2
n7+ 13 Bista _
**1%*
mKK^IJf''
*~inh EldTi
11+200
_f 1 f
"_K_fGamflH
5
I
^ r_efi_o-*i
(depositedA.D.)
11
It
tt^} y
+^ff^f/MF
(
if o ROMAN DEPOSIT DEPOSIT 4 (orlater) + HELLENISTIC -
jf
I:J II
^-""WTC!*
23 24
~-V\ 30
/, ^^^"y X^^-^ >SL_^ | E | F [G | H 1 I | J | K| L |M|N |QJP|Q)R | S JT | U |V |
Agora
showing
the
locations
of
the deposits
PLATES
PLATE 1
1(P1838)
2
(P 2881)
p-
4 (P 29264)
6 (P 19365) Chous.
Trefoil
jug:
split rim and other
Scale
1:4
5
7 (P 5741) 8 (P 5644)
s^^mmsBmss^B^^K^^m
(P 10258)
PLATE 2
9 (P 6939)
10 (P 7698)
?.WBs^^^Bmmki^.
11 (P904)
Mushroom
jug
12 (P 16624)
Scale
1:4
PLATE 3
llpP^ _P'-''' 9BK'
Vs*--' l^yS^^^^^^^ " ^}|_|_______| v*^ :flfiuS_______B
13 (P 17518) 14 (P 11245)
(P ^^EmBB^m
^^^^^^^^^^ 15 (P
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
16 (P 18769)
3793)
1: disk
foot
(Pinkish
buff
fabric) Scale 1:4
18580)
PLATE 4
18 (P 17519)
19 (P 2873) 20 (P 1825) 21 (P 7775)
22 (P Hellenistic
jug,
Form
13458) 1: disk
foot
(Hellenistic
23 (P 10449) water-jug
24
fabric) Scale 1:4
(P
13457)
PLATE 5
'f^__S___________________________________________V
^mj^^^m <
^^^^^^m
^_^_BIII_^_^__fl______^_^_^_^r
*^:^pj^^BB^^^By
________________H________________^__
__U__^___________________________________________l
CV^^Ifl_____-__Hr V^' ^^_?H_H^______P^
^^___________________________r ^^ ^^^^^^^r
25 (P 397)
26 (P 21319)
^^^^^V
^_____________________________r
^^HH^^^^^^F
^_______________________r
27
(P 25438)
?29(P27976) ^^^^H
-~
^^________________r
31 (P 13459)
28 (P 21318)
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
1: disk
foot
(Pink
temper
and other
fabrics)
Scale 1:4
30
1
^9_____________________1b^'
(P 10439)
PLATE 6
34
32 (P 21187)
33 (P 22469)
Hellenistic
jug,
Form
1: ring
foot
(Pink
temper
fabric) Scale 1:4
(P
5703)
PLATE 7
?M^*\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\ UM
36 (P 2883)
35 (P 17082)
pp.
37
(P 16281)
vv^P^^^fJ^^^^^^^^^M^g^. ^^^^^^^^^^M
J^fM
__^:fS__i
39 (P 31804)
38 (P 24935)
Hellenistic
^^^S^^^^^^^^^l
jug, Form
1: ring
foot
(other
fabrics)
Scale 1:4
^m
#
__________________L
40
(P 3404)
PLATE 8
42 (P 13712)
________________________ *v_f
________________________ __________________________
M/: i f:i^^K^/K/KK/KKK/^ ' J&~>' fM ____
!__________________
^__________________________________________^^i^p'' IH__P^^I___^_^i_^__l______________L ^^__________________________________PlffiP
^^______^^___H_____^__P?_^
s!^____L'^^^^M_________________i
'^P^^^^^Pff^-H_______r
^H_H_^^i-^^^_-^^^ ^lii* *^(K_i_^_____r
43 (P5707) Hellenistic
jug, Form 2
44 (P 17037) &:?/
PLATE 9
Kir
n^|yiH|nk
M\^y
*
MTn
^*JKbbtatatatJ
*** r**i' Wi^BHssMisl&sSiS&Si&^iHtt&i' nrrSiA i4?UwMw] ?BBBHHHHHHHBHHHHHHBHHHBBBBflB9BHHHw ** l^UUwamKKS^MSSKAU^AUUUwS^'^^^MHalAuuUm ^BBMBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBHHHr
45 (P 11292)
46 (P 13431)
49 (P4361)
Other
long-necked
50
jugs
47
??-..?*.' W?4iii**!ll9RBHHBMBHV ^wSss*'^!L*0'^iSBBBBI
(P 5807)
'.^BHH^iK'Sflili&JLi J:'iBBSBaBttiiMttiSBHMBBMB BBBMMSlBB&^^Str^HlH^99SB^?^BBBBBBBBB
48 (P 21314)
(P 14448)
Scale 1:4
PLATE 10
bB *^I_BI_^___L
I
lEK-i-_iP_________[
___________________
_--------------------------------------L
__
__I______________BmW ________________-___-________FJ__B
J#mx&lr^\L ~, '<*^ft-<3-_________H__r Jp^SSr ^^_l%^^I_______H
' *___i^_________________________ J^i___________________________
_^___________________________________a _______________________________________!
_____________________________________[
ffl_^^^^*f?^^^-ll^i-J_M_____________l
i%_i__m_9____________________V
______________________________________
54 (P 25435)
53 (P 14175)
52 (P 2874)
55 (P 6328)
56 (P 19517)
_ _____^__E__tS_^ ii?Z? l_m
if I ___________ rf ?______________________
_f____________Kf'____f______k
____________________li^/____l___^__________f
58 (P 14176) Hellenistic
jug,
Form
3Scale 1:4
59 (P 396)
__
_____________________________________________ __ ____________________________________________k__V J^H^^^^^H|^E^yiB|j|^^^^^^^^H
PLATE 11
60 (P4415)
62 (P
Hellenistic
jug,
28044)
Form
4 Scale
1:4
61
(P766)
63 (P 16283) 64 (P 392)
65 (P 11687)
66 (P 18768) 67 (P 19904)
68 (P 28463)
69 (P 21323) 70 (P 24803)
PLATE 12
71 (P 16396)
73 (P 9129)
72 (P 3405)
[
T
.^kwkWw^'
^XMkuUUUUUm
IP^lH^ ^i^k\u\\\\\\\\u\u\\^m\u\u\\\\\u\
.?^^^Silk I $%&.
74(P629)
^^^^1
^^H
^k\\u\\\\\u\\\\\\\\\\\\u\\\u\\\\mv
^^M^^
75(P19283)
76 (P 25442)
tm
S|
___^^^_____
__*/J_*
^^^^^ ^HSisB^^^^HflH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B *i m^P1^^ ^_M9_|i_^^^B _n_D___H ^^^^Hk^^______|
^|nH^^^^^Hf
^J____________H
\wLw :^^
jemmmmmUT MUUUMUMUMUMWMUSsEmMUMWMUMUMUMUMUMU M^r ^^HHHH^^^^B __ ___ ____ JH^ Mf .^^^HEhHhB^^^^^
l4JT^
78(p33330)
^
*^^U^^^K&m/l^R iHlHIr
77 (P 11869) Hellenistic
jug,
Form
4. Narrow-necked
jugs. Askos
Scafe
7:4
79 (P20546)
PLATE 13
<
^^^^^_B^____________F lip^B^^^^^^^^F
-^l3^H_______^^ ^^________________^^
^____________________________r ^^_________________Hr
?Hb ^HH
1:2
80 (P 19473)
81 (P 26041)
83
82 (P 12089) (P 20512 + IL 1076)
4_-_-_-_------_-H ^^^_-_-___ ____f^^^^l_i__<> m^^F
^_________________________________________r 84 (P 16112) ^_____________________________________r
^__________________H_____________r P^V
85 (P 24934)
87 (P
21320)
88 (P 21316)
86
89
(P
Askos. Basket-handled
(P 3985)
21189) waterjug
Scale 1:4, exceptwhere indicated
PLATE 14
90 (P
20447)
91 (P 8025) 92 (P 5701)
93 (P
15650)
94 (P 14479) 95 (P 513)
^iiM-_M--___________?^ii": itu;:|i^^S-__________________l
^L___!_ J_l^__^__^____^__H__k ___________________________________
"(p ^____^__^__^__r
^^BI^^Br 96 (P Basket-handled
514) waterjug
Scale
1:4
97 (P 17025)
98
(P 15651)
^__________k
___
14442>
PLATE 15
_____
-
Jfi_____^______H____Bfe!^^^_a_____________________L
_i_^_^_^_^_^_^_H_i__^_l_^_l_^_l_^^HH_--_^_^_^_^_i^_k.
_________________________^PP?^^"
^__________)________-__________r
^_____B____B_&
^_lv%'^^___________^____________________________r ^
~^HBr_w
view 1
, JIM Jf^H
100,
^E__
^_^____J___^_____________^__^^B________r
view 2
_________
^' ' ^_l_l____k
?
_l ,9 ->:;-~^; w.'^___pBiiWMll___iW_M____. .j j|fjjp!_*pflg^
'
''^ *'"-*
'**>!" * -
rn:'*
?.?-rt??^^^ii^-B-!__________-
^8___Ph_________________________________P^
101 (P
Hydria.
Lagynos
~i!h_______v
^_____________________________i^_________________r
^^__^___H__^___^__^____^r
100 (P 11872),
* f:^3H___B_______l _i$liifl_____________i y^^__B___________B
,jf
a
ifl_^P^H^n^Mk
.-j___s'-
?&
^^^^^^^________________________ ^^^_____________H__.
^^______l^iK_-^_^_^_^_^_^_l_^_^_^_^_^_^_l_^_^_l-B_?f
^^_______________________f_-__S__li^L-_B-^'
6327)
102
(P 26878)
Scale 1:4
PLATE 16
106(P28203)
^^^^flj^^^|Hj|^^^^Br
104 (P 16284)
__fl^^^^^^^^^^|_A
107
(SS 10260)
1:1 107, detail
JT,-
109 (P
16395)
110
'^llPy|#|_^r
(P 15892) Lagynos
Scale
1:4,
except where
indicated
PLATE 17
jj____
(B ^^I^B
HI
(P 11329)
113 (P 5837)
Lagynos
112 (P 9081)
'*"" 114 (P8583)
^m
PLATE 18
im
?i /am
mm
^B^H^^B km
M
Wm
mmm^kuummmk.
115
16279)
(P
116 (P 6941)
^^.^?^^^
^?-'-'
'
,'---i'.'^^*^^mMMuuuuuuuum
^1 \W
^B^B^^^^^^^^^^^v Bl ^^^KBH^^^^^^^B iffl
??& wu\ ^*?&bi.
' j xf::'X-?^^^_^__^___________\\\\ m\\\\w ^CXt^g^A^^^^^^^^^V
123 (P 4423) Amphora,
Forms
1-3
&;?& i:4
(P
vgB^^^H^V
*' I^B ~ ill^^^B IB ^^B Z!3^^^^. ^B
/fl
"^^IIm^^H
]_HB?_f___|____f
124 (P 1839)
Wm
'^H^B^HH^H^^B
I 'Wi1? '^l^iBII^Bn^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^Bfl^^^^^^^B
121(P33281a)
120(P5806) ^^^^B 118 (P5805)
117
\w^^W/m\u\\
ikwk
bBBHtc?^I^^^hHh^H^^^B^^^^^^^^^B. <
J^^BH^^R^^H^l^Hl^^^^^^^^^Bft
wsSmm\\u\u\
17045)
JkHkIII^^^L
PLATE 19
*__k ^____________________T *3H___-^ ^f___^__^__^__^__^__^__^__r
125 (P27787)
126 (P6940) ^H__^__^__lr V127 (P515)
i____r^I___________F
_____^JB--______-^^^^^-Sl
Br
I^^^^H
^________H_^^___^___P9_______^____________________________r
128 (P 15900) ^Sj______^___________________________K
129 (P 14447)
11hBSf1I_^IIJ^H
hbhshhj^^^^h
__?________________!_____________________________ ^__^__^__^_0^iiii_^_________lll__^_B _K_l-____Hf *9___IH-_____^____b ?__P_________________________________f lli______H______-___^E__i_________B w^a________________________________V ^^_n______________________________r ^P_____________H______I_______________________V TO__^^_______H____l_^__l_^__l_^r l^y^HpH^^^^V
132 (P Amphora,
Forms
14445) 4-7
133 (P 18297)
134
(P 14446) &:?/*?
1.4
PLATE 20
#137 (P 3407)
136 (P
1082)
135 (P 17038)
i^mmMl^?r*Bffl&&GmmuMBWuWuWuWuWMMBMtoi. A?
' ?* J??*'^ ASflS","' ^^^^^^^I^^^^HbSsSlV?S.Wjf* ^tammUm\^mmUm\^mmUmw
138 (P3403)
Other
amphoras
-^r
139
_ dP*jjfiP^^^^^muumi' ^kmk\\\.'*iTftfii
(P 14444)
BHH^^flBH&**"'',> MW^y ^^^BM6fe&
l^^^^^^^^^E^^^^^^^^^HB^^&ffi!isiuktfK^f5B9B!BB9i^^v
140
(P 11876)
Srafe
7:4
PLATE 21
V 142 (P 3178) 141 (P 16114)
l^________________r
____l_lMi_M
(P 8586) ^^jj^jj^HJSJj^jj^jj^jj^jj^jj^jj^j^^
144 (P11893)
151 (P19788)
153
(P
11894)
f^ ^^mff^^^S^^^^Sk^ _mJ ^A________________________________?
* WBL __^?Tl^iS^_c ''^^___B^______' lH?Uk __a_________VaT3t-__g _______r^______> * " Y_!9i___^___l_H_______M__l__p _____i__i__^~r___BJ___l^_r w^^^9nH^^H|^2^Jfl__^__H_iB________r
1 -'fii_-_________________________________Hi__i(i i'^_9l^_^____________________________l______H___J__l l\J___i_____________________________l____________IW >w9_________^__________________________i___-W /Sl^__________________________________r
m^li_______^_______-_-_-_-_r
7:5
155 (P 3563)
7:5
156
(P 3998)
Funnel. Storage bin, Form 1
Scale 1:4, exceptwhere indicated
PLATE 22
jSHP*-^^M?^jPviflBl^^^flBifl^.
^mmUmUmUmUmUmUV
J^^fSsti^B^fl^.
^m^^^^m^Sku\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\^r
H
~^^Wf^^^^Kk\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\um\\u\\\\\\m
161 (P 20500)
158 (P 14364)
^_HHHFa!i^KS?2&^_^
^___H_i__4
159(P5783)
^mBHK*^^
. aQ^^^^^^^^^^^^K
. *?s*.
^kmmmmWmmW^^>
?Ja8t?3,-
llllllMllllfl lll_^*Sfr-
- -':*'f*? "" 'f*Mmmu\\\\\\\um\\W
.^^mum\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\W
ymmmMM^j^^^m^^^^^^^
162(P11892)
MB^^^^lH^^^^^^^^ft
160 (P
Storage
bin,
Form
163
6755)
1
(P 8067)
Scafe
7:5
PLATE 23
^^^^ 166 (P 19118) 164 (P 2227)
^BBBBI^
165
1:4
(P 14451)
1:4 168 (P 11862) 1:4 167 (P 28436)
169 (P 18766a)
1:5
171 (P 18770)
174
(P 6350)
__________________________________________________r
^__^__^__^__fl__^__^__^_V P*|lajl8^ %J X-^^.--^1 '^___H^P_^___Vffi_____B__l
"
^________________________F u. , ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^mr 'll^l^^^Hf ~^|m^HK
^^^________H_____________________________r ^^^^^^_____^__________________________r
^ _MfilMHBr'^^ 3i?2jB?ll_J___fiB_B^_#
175 (P 3799) bin, Storage Other large
Forms
2 and 3 Storage vessels. Pithos
lids
Scale
1:8,
except
where
indicated
PLATE 24
?l *J|H^^^^^^^^^^Hr
^^_____________r
178 (P 14338)
* *- . * ^________H__^*^*
*
*?.".* ,- ;, r' -w'^
^^______________r
>*_i___^_H_N_________P
'^___f____________F
179 (P 14435)
180 (P 14434)
" ^^?>_S"^^^^^ii____
*-, : ?'*,f***' J^^MF^*-
________K^^
,J^H____________________I
^__________________________________________r
:^i___________V'..,!t'
^^''^.. .._> _>. .
,,^_Q_Q_E'i____^^ii!F
184 (P 4406)
_________________________________L__
185 (P 28145)
182 (P901) Scale 1:4
PLATE 25
#"if_fJJWHflL. ^__^l__a__illi__iili^Biil^'
if
__i^_________^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bi^ ______________________________________________r >_____ _____________________________________
il-
' -v.vMJ_HB-_Hir_BM_----------------g
187 (P 8418) 186 (P 17986)
?-_iS^-L-__tt__i_^_f'>\_P' f^>__
iRI_________________________________-___H *li~_____H__-_i
r .^MjiliB|ia^ ^^|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^HS^_S^^^|____|^_^^^ lfl_____________H it'M^_________________________-___-____-__________HH_ra -91M_i-_____H m^^^^^K^^K^^^^^^^^K^^^^^'-fS' ?_ 3* '^fls__?!_iBI______i ^1?*?t^_______________________H________H______________K_^ * .'* r'f \_________________________^__________^__HH_H_______^^ ^,*i_!__P^lil____' &?^^______________________^______________M^__nB___^__^^^^M^r^P^^i^"'' Jj&mBKBm ^^say ^*^i^^^l___l_ffi?_i_i__s__iHi^_cv
' ''^^|______________________________________________f____^e_^^ t||^ii_^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BI^^^_^^?^!g_ata^^^!L,y
188 (P 13705)
'
PLATE 26
^L**?*'*t.-^v;''..
v\ifl^H^H^H^H^H^HHBBBPv3li^\
'
'^BL
''"-*nC3'' k^^HhbHEP^ _? -,v??^^k^k^kwW
^''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^IB^H^^^B^^^^'iIpP'A ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^nHHHHK,U
~^^^_____________g_HBv-
'T^k '.3'
*->
tfB^T-^ikiBl^J'' r*k.
&???~MKaB
Hi^^^^^^^^^^^BSliiilK'
193 (P 14455)
194 (P 14454)
Hellenistic
mortar,
Forms
1 and Scale 2
1:4
PLATE 27
^^^^^^^BBIP^^^^^^^^^'
^^IHBBRitai^-.
>-*?-^* JJ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBBWHBH^^^^^^^^MBMBB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Mfc>
"' i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^HSB^BB^^^^^^^^v^m*^^^^^^Bh^^^^^^^^^^B^^^k.>. >J'-:,w#^ ^IRPlPllflBBH^HBHK ^'^#^H^H^H^H^H^HHBB9^Bi^SP:-P ' '--^ nHiH^BHk J^j^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^BHBB^^^^"^--^^ < --'" ^ ^^ ?*. ^PlllHBBIi^Bi" 'Hr^H^H^H^HHH^HH^HBBBBlillF^
':
'JBBHHHHHHHHHHHHHBlB^^^r-'
iB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^S?^''-'5'^ '^^BI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HBHBI^^^^S^^' -'
,,^. ^H^H^H^H^HBIHi^Bn^^^KPikf;^^
^
^ IBHBflHi
'
tssfiSlBl^ T^-~'y^Biii^Pn
^I^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^BBbw
^^f^^BBBB^^^^^I
^il"fI^IMI^^^^^^^^B
f^''l ^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bw^^^lro^^'vi
"^^^BmmmBKKmmuW
' *! ''*km\mW
;flBi^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^Hi^K^^^^^^^^^^-S?n' ^HH^H^H^H^H^H^HBIiHHHBl^^^^^^^Pif^T^' ? BBhK^'^
^l*'
^______________________________________________________M_^^^^__^^
^9H^H^H^H^H^H^H^^HBB^^^^^',f^^f~ ^H^H^H^H^H^HB^BflHHB^^P'^^W^
' .->.
,,
>i-:?:A\\\\\w
' &4mumumW ^Vmm\u\\\\r
'' ^*/r* - - ^':k^mm\\\\\\\r ':-?JJm\\\\umT
^^^BBB^^BBBBBJBBW
195 (P 18778)
^_^|^^|^b_^^^^^^^^^^^HHH ^^
L^^HBBBBP^H^HBBH^
^^^W^^^^^BBBBBK^^^m^
.....^ku\u\u\u\u\u\u\uwmW^^^^^^
199 (P 4463) Hellenistic
mortar,
Form
3. Serving
dish
Srafc
7:4
* .,'jthi, ^f%^BJ^SMB
PLATE 28
^___H____________B-H
^*^^^y^^^ 200
* L. .^J_____^fefife^:s*** ..- -,
(P 8566),
view 1
^^^^^^^^^^^m^^|j^MgMM|MgjMdBj^^
^^^.ii^-'r
^^S3W_I1____B
'~^il__^___________________L ^____B____r^_^^^'sJ^__________-i&^^^ki^^i_l_______________________L
200, view 2
Serving
dish
Scale
1:4
PLATE 29
,
^^H_-H______-_____________________i-.ii-.ii-.ii-.ii-.ii-
201,742
______te____________B__MB_^^^^^^^?^ - ' loS______M_i__l|W^ #T
,^?:mw&^"-^
205 (P
-
(P 6218a,
b)
'< ~" " csr*** ^^t^w^^i^
' jH__l
__rr^*___F
206
11535)
s" ^\___$?> * <j_|^^ &PWMMmsS^S^^^^^^^^^Ep ^___SB^' ^^^ii^_iS___^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_-F
(P 12165)
^ L^^M^^^^BSBI^^^^^^m.^^^B ^mS____f_______________________________________________ ' *?>* v*H_______WR* % * ^______&*&t*^r? *$&. ^ 4J_______^_________________________________________________________________________________ -?^^fe_x>*ig_^__E_E_gS___SW-_-_____H-___l^
%Jin^^^H[|[^^^H^HH||nHip[^^^^H^V
__S_mHP^ fraHpP*-
^_______
\
',^^ii_i_^_i^i_^_aH______________l jMii_i^^^^ii___^__^__^__^_i
%
'^_h__^__I_SI__HI^_^E^^P * ^^H________PlliI^lr
^8______? ^____M____'
*^^_$^^4^_i^__^_^_Sra__^______^__H____r
__l_.___i^llff^^-_9B______________-_____________B ____HBliIi^^
* ^________F
J11F'/
^^__!i________^^fl___l^__l^__l__^_____________?lv * ^_iii9___i!_H_^_______________________^^H ^_li^_S--^__H__-_H____________________P^^illll
^^|_ ^^^^^|SS_lSP%. ^_^^sll_i_H___________________r * , _tf ^^^^M7 pS_9H__II!-_^_________hP^
207 (P6324)
Serving
dish.
Krater,
standard
form:
disk
208 foot Scale
1:4
(P 11673)
^
PLATE 30
210
(P 7728)
^^^
-~
_,__..
3^^||MBBBBBwF V^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBb
"Iflry^
^V^^^^kmMmUmUW' ';^^?^B^B^^^^^BIi^^^^^k
^K^^B^^^b ^^BIBII^^^^^^^Hl^^B^^^^^^Kiflftin^rT^BBBliiB *?# '^^mmmuumuuuw W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^aB|t^a9KS^
i^^^^^HHHHBEgnjSjj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
214 (P 17985)
BBBEHK^r
215 (P
216
18771)
217 (P 2980) Krater,
standard
form:
Mm
__i___________________r
^#fffj|P^^I^^^B
ring and unknown
foot Scale
1:4
(P 28650)
PLATE 31
.
i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bi^^^BBBflB^BI^fll^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^A
I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B'-*
m^_^_____^_______j________^m_____m,
mW?$$!$'*
l[^^^^P^^BBB^i|^BI|B^^^^^^^^^^^^Bj
219 (p -,)-()<)) ^^*WmmSs
218 (P28649)
s^^^^^^^^i^^^^^^^^?
jumumuuw^^^B^^s^P *ni*!fflifiBIBBMBt^ ^^^^^Bl^k
n"it
%
TBB^^n
^^ffllBtBlB^B^r
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^F
J'fiMmmmMwkmUm
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
*- /jy** B& ^^JflH^HI^H^H^H^B IHHBB 4 ot. mm _~?9^?^~^?^?i
^H^HH^HHiHflflH^H^H^Hr
mmtumWmi
^
221(P13702)
j id____i
MBHHBBB^H^H^H^
-y^^H^^^^^^^^^I^^^V^ w
^^tej-m^^'Ct'^^^^B^^^^^^^^^B
^^H________^
^
^^J**^^
*ii^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBfl^^^^B
Jf^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hf
aBnfl^B
I^^^^^^^^^^^H'
223 (P 8582) 224 (P 14339) Krater,
standard
form:
ring and unknown
foot Scale
1:4
PLATE 32
1:4
225 (P8571)
1:4
226
(P 16398)
*' "
*""" 1:4
227 (P 20865) 229 (P 6038)
230 (P 4572) 231 (P 33843)
233 Krater,
standard
form:
ring
(P 30431),
foot. Other
from side
kraters
232
(P 3480)
233, from outside Scale
1:2,
except
whew indicated
PLATE 33
^_^__________________________________________________________P^
234 (P 28074)
^f^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^?r
'v^_8lii_?__-___________________-F
235 (P
^HH|||^BS^^^^^^^^M^^^^^r
236 (P 16287)
16288)
237
(P
18777)
^^^^^^||l^ 239(P19713) 238
(P 29747),
view 1
^^_____^_______________________________________________^_____Hp ^^i-________^_________________l_______________________r^^^ ^^_I_________________^______^_______________P^ ^HlfcilliiyF^ ^^^__________________________l^^
^^^R* ^|I'3a'^^^BL
a . 4H___,
-?^^i^^^Bi^B^_i?_B_?I?______K':J_________Bf "*^u L_^^j__^^ l^^__l^___^____________________r
^4i|HHs|^^^^^^^^^H^9|_Hr ^^_____M___d^^im_____^_l^_____---^_^_H^^
238, view 2
240 (P 11672)
Lekane,
Form
1
Scale
1:4
PLATE 34
241 (P
242
18772)
243(P13502)
(P 26270)
^^Si^^^^^^^^l^^^lr ^*""*''i^^^fflBBIBB^^^B^IB^^^^^BH^P^^
244 (P 28486)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r^/'^^BBfiBH^B^^^^SBBK^IBj^^
246
248 (P
,
0_
(P 3831)
13698)
v '
i;2 .. 247, detail
247
(P 21738)
Lekane,
Form
1
Scale
1:4,
except where
indicated
PLATE 35
249 (P
27974)
251 (P
252
19700)
253 (P
16289)
^____________________b_ ^_______________________.^_^l__sSF
250
l''^_S_Mr
254
(P 19699)
(P 6330)
(P 32658)
^_-_-----------------------------------r ^_____________________________________r ^^_______________________C_r ^_______________________________r
255 (P
Lekane,
Forms
2 and
3 Scafe
7722)
1:4
256
(P 18774)
PLATE 36
257 (P
13699)
258
(P 11424)
260 (P 14457)
261 (P 4358)
Lekane,
Form
3
Scale
1:4
PLATE 37
^^^MBHII^^E^^
'
*,/^-^J&sBBBBB^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
o^BBllillfe
f^B^^^^^^HffiBK^^^^^^^^BHB|^^^Hr
262 (P 18775)
263 (P6335)
264
(P 17976)
r^ *v> ___________M^^mm^m^__^1 ^^^i^^^^H^^^^bII^^^^^^k^^^^
^^^^BHBW^?^^S3S^gy^MipBH^fl^^^^^^^^B" -''
BIBBflB^'
!^v^i#^^^^9HBBI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B:
265 (P 14452) Lekane,
Form
3
Scale
1:4
PLATE 38
268 (P 7040)
269 (P 17041) 4__-j__r_-_r'
-^f'^F
j@
>iff^
270 (P 13703) ' ._^K_wf!?_J"j_f __j_l__-_____-__iC--'
'
-- - -<_?';-*-"V'fSWSSSK,*___ * "*-'''''mifi'iift'^^^
'V.'TS.^ij^s..
. "'"
r______K ii i"
--
* _ **_^___H__I_____ in.'"ii-i-iii-f-ll------M--L
__ ;i^-vy^?^'^;';^^________________________________________________r
S_^*_Jifi_.
*''-
:__4________________________________________r
271 (P 13704)
'"'"^^i^^^R'^^^^'
Lekane,
Form
4
272
_______________H_H'
(P 14480)&afc /;4
Aft.
PLATE 39
^
-*s&:~~^^^^fm\u\u\u\\\\m\m\r
273 (P 4360)
275 (P 3399)
^^H^HBHH^H^E^^'^H^H^H^HBHHV^
276 (P 14458)
277 (P 32655)
279
(P 4037)
280 (P 4363)
Lekane, Form 4
Scale 1:4^ exceptwhere indicated
PLATE 40 ~ _?_^. - <<j_f_ ___.
, '^H___________ii?-f^*** "~~^??,~"^"^i^r".'^fT,_Z..." ^^*,__ ^.^'jiJli^BjBIIMlJlw^*^^
flv
^BK^^^BBm^mK^SB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^WmK/l^^m
t_____________________||_iii^^i^9&5__^l_.
1:2
7:#
281 (P
282
4359)
(P 20592)
1:2
284 (P 16105) 283 (P4124)
""-?'* ^iM__________________________r
^^_x-___________________^'
__________________________________________________K
7:2
285
286 (P 14312)
288 (P
Form
4. Other
lekanai.
289
8109)
292
291 (P 29305)
Lekane,
Deep
bowl.
(P9114)
Shallow
bowl
(P 8570)
(P 19367)
Scale
1:4,
exceptwhere indicated
PLATE 41
293 (P
294
16290)
(P 11671)
295 (P 14250)
^^^^
^^ ^
^________________________P^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^F
:i__r
M^^^^^^^^ f_i^^_P^i__^__^__^__^__^__^__^___i________i^^i^^_____P ' ^_^__^^__^__^___^__^__^^___^___R^W^^^I9____v
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r jB^^^I^^^^^^^^^BK^'^^^^^Br
298 (P
299
17040)
(P 26162)
^ * ^^S|j^^___B______^jj^^^^^^^^^^Bf^y"'
300 (P 13692)
302 (P
Shallow
11670)
bowl
303 (P 13694)
305 (P 14311)
304
(P 13696)
Scale
1:4
PLATE 42
i^^^^BI^^^^^^^MI^glls^yy^Jv
-"T^'*?-1.c"-SIji
in
i
iimiii
306 (P 28067)
' i." ->.^SHBBBWHfe. iMi<"ff'fliayrtiBtfMMB'ii
d
308
iIHb^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^b
(P 11289)
^_____^*^wM^^^^^^^B ^__^K^^^^i^H____v
l^^H^^^^^HI^^^^^^v ^_________fl_____^
^H_iy^H^i^^^^^^r
310 (P3354)
311
(P3394)
* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r if^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^flr '^%^^^fflB!w^BBBBB^Bi^M^^^^^^^B
313 (P 20885)
312 (P 32650)
314
(P 16291)
315 (P 16207)
317 (P 11675)
320
(P 6028)
319 (P 23601)
Small
bowls
Scale
1:3
PLATE 43
321
(P 12159),
view 1
321, view 2
Heavy
basin
Scale
1:4
PLATE 44 ______li^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bi^^'^l__M__
_^_____________________________i_____
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HHBh^v ^_________________&i_w I______H_^;^'jJv ^________________________________________________r ^^_________________________________________r
x(____l___BiI5j;-~
'yfimF -
^^v^_l____SIIIIIIKIiiK_i-
322 (P 8938), view
1
____________________J______SN*.<> '- <J__B__________________I___
(P6337), view 1
324
J^H^^^^^^HHHHg||^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^k
^_^__^_H**^^__^__V?''^i^_____P^^^^_l_________________^
^____________________s^^
-V-I&^HP^
^^^____IP^<_P^_____!s__________i
v>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^f
^llll^_^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__H?Sr
^^_______________________________________^^
____i_____j________________________b^
?W 324, view 3 ^^^
M____l
___________________________H__^__^^ 323(P 14468)
325 (P9032) Heavy
basins.
Shallow
Spouted
basin
326 Scale
(P 11887) 1:8,
except
where indicated
PLATE 45
^^ HH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bl
_________________________________________________________
^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^Bfct
-: %,
;"
^BIB^^^ ^BJ^^fW^B^B^B^B^B^B^BBB^B^B^B^BrLill^B^
327 (P 3310), view 1
^^^^^^^^^^^^BB ^^^^^B^^^^^^^BBp^-^BB^MmJ^^^BH^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^P ^BBJ^^^^^BbbB^^^^BBJ^^^^B* ilL ^^BP^^IB^^^^RBfli^^^^^^^^fl^^^^^B^ * *'f^^^B^^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^B ^%"-' i^^^^^^^^^B^^j^^^HJPJBBr ^^^HBiF \ -l?^?it?;^?s .L**s-sl?]l
''^SBHMhBI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^BI ^^^^^^^B^B^B^^^^^^^BI^^^IK!
**-
^^k^fe^^^K^^HHB^^^^^^^^^BI^^^^^^BB
^B
--'V^^-T^-^IHir .-j15^'-"-yipBBBflflBHfBBBE? ^?i??^??^??-?x."'
*'.
327, view 2
Deep
spouted basin
Scale 1:4
PLATE 46
331
330 (P 9079)
329 (P 16277)
332 (P14194)
(P 19891)
^BESP^ ^__________P* ___________H
^^
^^^^^^
K 334 (P30430), view 1
1:2
333 (P 23274)
JJ___E_____of-________________^^_________^^^_____EVII^__k
_______?3______Pi^____p ^__Hl__^__^__L____^___^'e
7:2
338 (P 22861)
11293)
341(P8419)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
^ ^^B__Hf 343 (P 9120)
Lid.
Fenestrated
lid. Two-handled
lid/bowl
Scale
1:4,
except
where indicated
PLATE 47
B^/^B^^^^^^^^^H^bJRIP
345(P630)
(P
^^^^^^^^^0^ ^H^
/^$S9BHBBBflBBBBBBBB^
348(P22974)
u\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*-
m\\\\\\\\\\u\
347 (P14443)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
350
7.2 ^^^^^^^Ir ^^BISII^K
(P19890)
349 (P 14229)
351 (P 5554)
352 (P 6027)
-__s___j?sv
354 (P Stands.
Other
household-ware
353
(P
6344)
_\\wk_]flfe^^
355 (P 14440)
8927) vessels
Scale
356
(P 28204) 1:4,
except
where
indicated
PLATE 48
__B______li^P^^
^_____________________R_____I_____H
' y
'Vs :H_l______f
364 (P 5824)
360 (P 28483)
__H_B_HHS-_________BH____H__8
j$Kk
(P 21772)
j_i_[___________________________k
'
' ^^^^H^^^^~
358 (P
365
^wJ^^Kf^^^^^BBmBBI^AwSf^^^^^^B
^
^ggmm^*1^
________________________________
^^^5Siff?i_S_w2^^^W
^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__r ^l______i____i_____H^
366 (P7189)^^l^^P^
28146)
_________________ ________________?_ 369 (P 5832)
________________________________________k -
J______________________r
370(P12065)
^^WBIOHBBHBIB^Bi^^wT'Ii
S-^3MlM?!_!__?__.
IhHH-^^^
^^S|||Hl^_r
_
HBi^^^Si^flJfrvi
^fl________^______E^_____________H_f'
________________________________________ __!________
^______________^__^__^_B^__BP^^^^;^
^_____________________________________H____1S
367 lP^(P14341) ^^^__________________________l^^^^ ^JM^M| 7:4
374
375 (P 16116) extension
and
cover
Scale
(T
516) where
indicated
PLATE 49
f Ajam^^
m
J|_________wB
1 ___Hp
/^fjJiiP
^^HB^
vP^^^^^^^^BflBfl^BB^^BPar
379(P
top
/ *^B^^BBr.^^^^^^^^BB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^BH^^^^^^^^^^^BBk
|^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H CjBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$''
^ISHBI^BBBB!BBiBBi!^BB^BBB^MiB^7'3^^ JjaLmT *m!3EmmMmmm^ Ammmr
7:4 376
379, bottom
380 (MC 1676)
381 (MC 1675)
386 (P 4459)
384 (P 21074)
(MC 182)
383 (MC 1677)
387 (P 6319)_
A^^^PU^^ 392 (P 22491) 388 (P 5936)
385 (P14469)
393(P31872)
PLATE 50
**rt*%p^|fP_,'' $&?.7'^^________t______________. jj-Bf^^Wfrr_E_ iSi~
_&__?
^t______L
k___k
-~a^*i^ /__ __ IMWB^^
~^j________I
__________^iiI_________P_i^' ^^ ^__j|^^^?^BI^nE^H^^^^^^^B|^ 3j||feh9BK^v ,-. .-- ._i^^J_j-H__^____________________E._-_-_------------r WlflV^^ *'"".*ili _______v-i_l_H_______Hkf^r' ______F ._l_fiJ_________P^ ^____F^i^1i_____Pp _ _____*/ ^__________.
^**itt__SM_M _k^_T^^*i________________________________^___-____________f _? ..**__B-B3________________________H____________r -*. ^____r J?Xf^____Fimtx''* \____KB________________________________________F __ll^_r ^ J_-F-M________________________-_H^_______r ^ " yfy'_________l_^%i _*"**&' '''J_p_HHM_^__^__^_HI_^__H_________r ^ __#/ __ 'i_B____p ?_r-?a?^_!Oi___H?H________________________________r . 1%/ / - %__r ? - ',%A^_9_ClK^K_i_______i^_________^___________r _#^_:> * CkitVHI ?_____/ IfeJlF^ ^il:'#?i_9_lKl_^_____r^-_-^_----------------------r _____ im*--H__e ^V ^hrrm -'^-*iiG7_Kl_I_____r ^__________________r ^;,^_--------------_Br'----_--------------y ^fcfflK-J-r *S___?___V%_r
396 (P 6154)
397 (P 33301) Blister-ware
amphoras
Sca& 7:2
PLATE 51
^SKfl^^^^H^^Hj^^^^^V
(p
398 (P 8976)
^? 402 (P 30944)
401 (P 30950) Amphoras
and unguentarium
(blister
and gray ware)
Scale
1:2
PLATE 52
407 408 409 (P 30205)
(P7381)
413 411 (P 26057)
(P18472)
429 427 (P 22815)
(P 28980)
Small
gray unguentarium,
414 (P16127)
Categories
1-3
Scale
(P
418
422 (P17603) (P
430 433 (P 28981)
1:2
636)
(P 27432)
27431)
PLATE 53
441 442 (P13499) (P 22950)
(P 28429) Small
gray unguentarium,
458 (P 20723)
452 450 (P 5561) Categories
4-6
Scale
1:2
443 446 (P 16261)
469 476479 (P 28428)
(P 22814)
(P 5550)
(P 5558)
PLATE 54
483
482
^^
dv (P10895a)
493
(P9360) gray unguentarium,
Category
485
(P22892)
486
(P4327)
(P27612) ^^3L WM
494
(P9070)
(P30261)
(P18751)(P17035) (P25818) (P12642)
^^^^^^^^^A
flP
Small
484
(P30260)
(P8923)
495
(P28112) 8; wasters?
496
(P23042)
497
(P22891)
498
(P1108)
PLATE 55
____***<
-
'r'_j_^_k
flk^SsB^^^^^^^^^^B
^^^B ^^^B
501 499 (P17605) (P 26032)
504 (P 15159)
505 (P1527)
506 507 (P 19919) (P 16659)
508 (P 3839)
509 (P521)
503 502 (P1826)
510 511 (P 5556)
(P18752)
(P 33045)
PLATE 56
_____________________
^_________________f
H_fe_V^______i^_______B
^_________________r
513 (P6803) (P4355)
___________________________ y* _i8Pr^
^______________________v
512
514 (P 366)
'* ^'^^Ml______r
*"'*
^_____________________F
515
_v^lS____________________l
^___^______________r
516 (P
769) (P10250)
k-| h lit3___L 9^9___^________________>
518 520 521 (P 208)(P18750)
Other
unguentaria
(P 22873)
Scale
1:2
PLATE 57
-^w
______{
^^^^^^k ^^^^^^^^L
.
-^B^^B
____|
^^^^^B (P12094) 3830)
522 (P
mi^^^
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
MMMJMmm\mkm
^m_________________________W_________W mmLummU-?"' vwli_B^^^B
^^^^H
fle___B______F
519
(P9814)
lll^^B
1____F
524 (P 17409) Other
unguentaria
&*z& 7:2
PLATE 58
525 (P14438)
H_______________________f
530
526 (P19115)
528 (P19798)
527 (P11209)
529 (P 20443)
iii____________________Sl
f_B_____!_________H_____^_V V _^^k#-^^kB ______________________HH_______m wf Aw'J|____Sk^ _____________^__Mi____lH_BHS_M__H_i____.
531
^^^^^^^^^^ri^-'^V'i^Hk
'sm IV *i?R__ntf_R_r?M_^?l0?;'* ''^ia_______F
_H____________9_f_ifl_______i
*
_**____. f_^__^v
____________________^fP^^^^^'> ______________________ ?&%>i>%^; ___________________Kl?i_y#."' . __________________I____^E^S. ->? ^_________________^__^^^v_______________________H_M_lli^A"
--^Ki____B ' '1_____________H____fl_______H -Cl*:' li___H -^l___________________________________i ^ -*^___^_H' 'd^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H . "'" |JHB !___________________________________' -'*.* a_MM V^________________________B______> * ^__________________H_____________F -____f___________f
^__________BBBSS^@_______f
x^^^^^^^^^B ^^ HM^W ^____________________r !__________________
^_____________-__^^_ll%'^_-_F ^___________E-^^^^*^^?f_F < >; ^^^^^^^RL'-L-i
amphoras.
Phoenician
amphoriskos
^_______________F
533
532
(P25441)
(P16276) Miniature
^________________> -laiF
Saife
7:3
534
(P11873)
PLATE 59
& '^r^SIS^^B^B m_)_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^mY
535 (P 28522)
*'Jmlmm\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\m ywku\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ^m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\m
538
537
(P15432)
Phoenician
amphoriskos
Scale
(P17878)
1:3
536 (P 23082)
m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mm ^m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\m\t
539
(P3203)
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\w ^^^^^^^^^^^^B
540
(P3834)
PLATE 60
f_ft? jl^B BBHP'
m^4
543 544 (P 20288)
542 (P 21076)
545 546 547 (P 20277)
(P 26955)
541 ^^^K
(P7776)
549 548 (P5721) (P18749)
552 553 554 (P 3640)
(P 6023) jar. Vial.
Small
one-handled
551 550 (P10896)(P 16165)
jmm^BHj^^^^^
jfB^B^B^B^Bfl_
Radish
mm\\\\\m dwmmkf
jugs
jH^^^^^lBk
(P
5726)
(P 27704)
(P 8939)
^^^BPl^_t ?
PLATE 61
^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BI^Kpl^R^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. Aw _____________f^^^P ^^^^^^H^^^^m^B
555 (P
27913)
558 (P
4461)
561 (P 14173)
562 (P 26159)
-mmmWm^i?-^SffKumu-, Mn\ummuwmm\umw^mk\. m\u\u\u^?\w$mm\\uvWmu\u\\
BBBE9flBHMBf
565 (P
556 (P 27989)
559 (P 905)
B^^I^b^^^HB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ fl^K'i^^^^^^^^^H
557
560
(P
26969)
4424)
(P
563 (P 11456)
564
(P 18786)
k^^kwmWku\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\\\m /^fl^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^BI^^^^L Jjj^^^^^^^^^^^L 0 ^^B^B^B^B^B^BBBBB^Bk ^BBBHB^B^^ .^ u\w^^^mwm\\\\\\\\\\\\mm ili^^^^^^^^BBIS^^^^^^^^^^BiPiBlflf^^^^B J^^Hi^^B^^^^^^^^^^IB B^P"$,^~lK^^i^^^^^^^^^^H
B^^^^^BBal^^^^^Bfe^^^^B^B u\\u\\^mm\u\\\\\\\\\\\\u\ ^S^i^^^^m\\\\\\\\\\\w
18787)
566 (P 4042)
567 (P 13496)
568
(P 13706)
Scale
1:4
PLATE 62
____________HII_k
569 (P 28316)
_____________________________
570 (P 14465)
__P9HK _i_l____l____l____L # HH___N^
571 (P 19113)
577(P19101)
575(P16162)
573 (P 14437)
572 (P 11868)
^^^EfSBm^^^m
579 (P 14172)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B ^^BnM_____________H ^_______________________________P
^__^__^__^__^__^__^__v
____________I^_^_H___________1
^hhhhHji^^h
^___________fi_____>,_ ___________r ii
^^H^_i^| l___________________H___________________t
^^^^3j^
^^B5__
_________^^^^^^^^^^^^_^^ 580 (P 4044)
1:2 581 (P 15453)
583 (P
582 (P 21190)
29358)
585 (P 28212)
584 (P 29357)
586 Chytra,
(P Forms
1?3
17023) Scale
1:4,
except where
indicated
PLATE 63
?M _________________________________^'^^^i-__________^ft: x ?__________________________________. ji^ii_l__9_^_H9^i____i _____________________________________
%^i____l!^___K^^Z_____________B__^
________________________________________
587 (P
588 (P 19947)
21311)
(P3408)
(P
l__^_________i___J_M_^
589
_J____________________k
(P
21312)
^^^^^^^^^^^^H 592 (P 11905)
-
_H^^^^^^^BH_*g^--*-'
" '
^i"i,,^%i_^_B_^_^_B_B_L
_^___^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^__^___^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^L
(p ^^^,_______________________B^^^
594 (P 13707)
Chytra,
Form
3
variants
and
Form
4
Scale
1:4,
exceptwhere indicated
PLATE 64
__H_______________________________^_B^_^_I-J__^_k. ^BlK^^tB^^M^^^m^^^^^^^^BI^^.
595 (P889)
iHr
^^mMiJ^^^^BB^B^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M ^m__ ______________________________________________________________________
pi^'^p^C_^^^^
597 (P
601
^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^H__^__^__^__^__L
602, 714 (P 13483a, b)
(P 19716)
^H_IH__________I_@____lik^
18788)
____________________________________________________________
9__i
^^^^T______^^^^^
598
11246)
?__Aw____________^____________________________________r
599 (P
___r_______ii^^^^^^^^^____________
^^^-
^j-^
596 (P 26661)
(P 28448)
Bs^^^^^^^^^^^B^BBBBBB^BBSBr*^M?y ^_i_^_^_^_^_^_______^i^f?%_____^_R__fl8_F
603
(P
28147)
PLATE 65
605(P8034)
J^^^|HBHh^hBI!^9^
^^K^ 606 (P 4362) 609 (P 33047)
607 (P
608
11688)
610 (P2393) ^H^~~l?!p^iSB2QtttfflBBBBBHBBHk>^
^f^^^H^^^^ 612 (P 11906)
611
(P 15855)
(P 32677)
^^^^^^^g_________^MMgm
613
(P10901)
PLATE 66
620(P33407)
^^BHBBBPB^^ 617 (P 32672a)
618 (P 14460)
623(P14461)
Sfl^^l^^^^B^^^H ^^^
^jflBIH^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K
^^mtmmW^^^^S^^^^uuumUmUmumW
624
^|^H^^^^^^
(P677)
625 (P 20891)
_______________
________BH|^^^^^^_______?____
^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B
626(P14234)
fl^BBB^BBBBBB^^sii-A^BBB^B^B^B^B^B^B^B
*^^^^^1B^^^^^^^^B^ 627 (P 22130)
Other Chytra,
two-handled, Form
globular
chytrai 10
Scale
1:4
PLATE 67
__________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
628 (P
*^_IS___^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^H SPw1*^ Jf^^lM____________i h ^_^?>'_^__>^*,<'^_______________l ?__!_______________________________________________________
629 (P 13708) 630 (P 678)
20442)
_
^__B______ !__ m
v,v
^^_R_l________________________________^___________i-^_^_^_^_^_^_^_Kf
__r
Ar-_?i__':* 4ll______________.
-''%^ ^i____^_H_r
^9____^__^__^_S_l^____^_______^____H^__^__^__f
s^^^^^^BBBBS^^BBBBB^^BBI^^^Km'
f^||B|^fflS---__M__________________l
l___________________^__^__^____^__!__i_____^____________________?
9____________________________r
^ll_^_^_^_^__i_l__________^^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^R^
:..
^s^^^^^HbUb^k
631(P15652)
^^_________BBF
^
^^^H||^^n^^|P 633 (P 29355)
Bin ?fl ff ^|^^^HK2_9____^__^__^_B_r
636 (P
I^B^M^ ^H^^^^^^^^^^_BHH___^____F
4389)
638 (P8417)
Chytra,
Form
10. Lopas,
Form
1Scale
1:4
637 (P 27973)
PLATE 68
^^ ^Pi^^9HHBHBSBBl^^^^^^^^^^SnR^S^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^r
639 (P 6219)
^^BBS|^B^B^B^B^-#^^B^B^B^B^B^B^BBr ^Hk^HBBBBRpl;; pI^^^^^^^^^^^^^B ^fc^^B^^^BB >t >^^^PiRBIJ^^^^^^H^r
640 (P 7778)
643
641 (P 28079)
644, 715 (P 11247, P 10440)
650, 726 (P 18781a, b)
652 (P Forms
2 and
3Scale
19910) 1:4
(P 19715)
645 (P 8424)
651
653 (P 11901)
(P 26271)
654
(P 8572)
PLATE 69
7:2
656 (P
657 (P 13710)
32642)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hf
659 (P
658
(P 18779)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^b
^jf'*~ r''"]|^!^M_____ft|BH_________^^
661, 735 (P 12088a, b)
8569)
664 (P679)
662 (P 33052)
665 (P 13709a)
666 (P 6029) 667 (P 11902)
(P 32644)
669(P3413)
^^^^^H^^^^^B|^^g?^^
'^^^BBB^BBmmm^-
668
^____^__^__^P^B-^^^__^__^__i_fl_flffii
670,733 (P 19938,P 19913)
^^^^HjHHHHI^^^ 671 (P3412)
673 (P 14462) Form
3
Forms
4 and
5. Other
675
(P 33785) Scale
where indicated
PLATE 70
jfl^B^B^BBlfl^fl^B^BB
;. -^SB^^^^Bi
mm _muummmmmmmV
676 (P 4462)
-
f wmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmW 'muuuuuuummmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
^B
4
urn
' '' flll^
'^^B^Mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm^^b0
' i: '^Mmmmmmmmmmm^SmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmW IBbBbBBB^R3BBhBbBbHbBBbBbBbBP^ ^
^ ^B^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B, '^wB^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBlB
tIPP^L ^m^i^^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmF
Krmma\mmmmmmmmmmW$mmmmmmmmmmW
^PSIB^B^B^B^B^B^BBPv
677 (P
678
26965)
(P 27197)
680 (P 19902)
679
(P 18791),
679,
1
view
view
____B^^^^^M^^fc__
2
682
(P 19807)
PLATE 71
^____. ''^_|_________________________________r
\
686 {V ]44?)'] _b _, r^_^i___^'^H____vfiB_____E^n
683 (P 14463)
690
(P 3414)
_I__^__^__^__^__^_^__^__^__^__^__H__. >,^#|M ___________________^_____________________H__ $*^W^^j^^SMSKBBBHSSBBKSSBWrW^^^KUKB^^MBm^^'i_________________________________________________ y^^^^M^^^mUBU^^^^KSmmmBlB^^^^KK^B^^'
_gB|B|j|^KH|_Bi___ri__j__j-lr^^^
^____________________k-
_?__P8^i^^^^^^P^Sfe'
lli_^_________Hi __?
_?-_^}M^^I__fj___l'w91''j*'
\
^_fe* *^'^,^BI_^__^^^^ ' t^ ^V^irinlf-P^
_i___________________________________________________________
'^^^^^^^H^^^___________________K*
_.
/ Jr
^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_I-^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_E^_
^^^V______________________________________________________________^^^
,___________HF
~"s^^^___________^_______HpS^^^
<^l___________^_____r
695 (P 16214)
697 (P 33307)
PLATE 72
'' ^jflBBHBBBBBBBBBBBHBHBKs^^^^ *X\
^ioB^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^B^BBBB^Bk^^
p
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBraSi?MiiIl
_^_ass___^__,
(P33089)
B^^^^^^H^HH^^^H^^^^Hgp
699 (P 3186)
^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BUB/
''^^^^Sku^-^^^^^^FrlemmumW^
'^^^fyi^^^i^^^r^^^
^BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBJ|9^^
1
708 (P 6340), view
709
6345)
(P
^^
6mu\\\\\\\\\\\\\u\\mF^ "|;2^ft^^ I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^BBt^^BIBI^^^^^^^^^^ - ^ff1, iB____B Xj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^mmm^^^^ 708, view 1
w
710 (P4881) Pan,
Forms
6
and
7
Scale
1:4
PLATE 73
718 (P 28080)
(p
^^^^^^B^BBBI^Em
________________________P^^__^___________^_________Hk
^^____________________________________^^
'___i^_[_l_[_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_[_H-l_^
731 (P 28208) 730 (P 3416)
' 736 (P 28209)
"^ 1:3
739 (P 33285)
743 (P
6343)
744
(P 18785)
Lids Scale
1:4,
except where
indicated
PLATE 74
''^v __tt______l_P______^__l_t___^w
^^H^BBBmwiBM^BBlBiB^BB^Bt%
____^i___Ki_^''^_^_______________
?________E_l%^____________-___^_.
746 (P 20982) 747 (P 25895a)
' j|___H_^_^_____________________________ ,. .w^-^i^a^^^^^^BaS^J^^^^^K^^y./ _. Ji_______________________________________B_, *?%-'_fli_________________________________________m ,^-^y||^^HB|^^^BK.-_yf_f
.-**'' -^_____________^pi^-__________Klii^^;
. _J|^^HH^^^^^^^^^Hk|B^H^^^^^^^^BB|K9B9^
jp>
748 (P
747 (P 25895b)
27214)
?B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bmt^SSSs/K^KP^
^__P_________________
#i^h^^^^^^^^H8[^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^_HK__
f_H__l___________________^_________________________________L ^_______________________^__________________________________i'
*''' 4r_^______________________B__H__M______________HH_r _fev _^________________________B_______-^____________ffliv^
y?>*%-//'
_EiX^nP^
^i!_____________________.
__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__I_H___fl________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________ liMr W ^&i_________________.raPlfP^ _^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_HI m__________________________________________-H-_-_____________^_HIH _ /* *r ___________________________________________________^____BKISP Jr" IKK !_____________ __^_^_^--^-M--B--^-^-B-M___M_M_M_^_^B_BB_B_ll_illlllB(II, j"* r ^^^^^^^
v________r
749 (P 22199a) Brazier
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
man
with
*
pointed
cap Scale
1:2
PLATE 75
<%' ?4BBflBBH^^fet3
jg||HttB^BHfl^^H^^lSH
-
jBi jBpp%';'^^^^^Bk/:'
751 (P
'"^H^^^^^^^B/Vt
752 (P 13711)^M'.V
151)
JfB^^^^flfll^^^^^^lfl^^Hs
p?;
'____Hb_H_?
W ^r*
______m
753 (P 31709)
754, back
t ^^BB^^^jHBB^BB^^bPS^PBmBB^^^"ffflStm ^^PBBBHi^^^BBBBf^^fli^^raB "Ht-, '?-.--- <#4^^HBL#^^^B^B^B^Bpi^^^^^
>
*-#?^^B^^^?_BBBB|^^^^afc-^^il
sB^B^^^F*^
*~^B^B!!i^^^^^^^l^BM^iEi^^^Bfll!^^Bi ? .^^f'JIBflllBBBBflBip JwB^BlBBl' -*mmm* ^mm,-MBMWJ&*/ tmHHK:.
_HKJH^i^H^HBH^i:
^HHB&i;
_^m\\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\^am\\u\^mr ^^UBmummmmmmMmm^
H****~?^ ^^IPB^
756 Brazier wreathed
(Quartz
cooking papposilenos
(P 25623),
fabric): Srafe
man 7:2
front
with
756,
pointed
back
cap,
"*U^~':.
BB
*
PLATE 76
757 (P 16668)
>
>^w_____ll^___________l___H__k
759
(P 32166),
front
^i^__--^-^-^-^-^H
(P 15708)
_ $ ^m J_?__?I?i^?5___$y___
?.*''! a_____r<_'^k~'?*?' Jsl**''
^^
'^^^_fi_fl_HMi_________________l___l______________MI_____
'Hf_H__^___^_^_F
-__
' _ _
"-; *iVi _____________________Bk
Brazier wreathed
(Quartz
cooking
fabric): with
^^|^^^^^^H^BHHH[^^|^^/
v
/p j^ onkos
V?a^^
18gx Scale
* <-__ <^?_________________I__________________________B__&' __M 'tJ^^^^________________________________________________________S__r-^
.^SjH^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HI^^^^p
^_____I^_________-V^^^^
760 (P28220)
"*_K fi
back
759,
''i_^___K-_____H___H l1l^*|^^^______B^^^_*'. ~ '* V_NRSE______________r''* >'
__fiP
758
1:2
762 (P3195?)
* _
PLATE 77
"***"
t"^^Sa^!SSw^uW^^B^^pSSuWUUUsUMUUUMUMm/'^r?^id^-
*"" '**M'-!-!~
' ^i^^jHiJflfl^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^flli^^B^B^B^B^ttiE -JoBB^^^^^BBflHfHI^^^^^BB
767
763 (P 24089)
*
(P 22841)
764(P22842) ^ fl
^B aP mmw** "'-
'
'
u&AWiffimmmmMuuuwsMuu&MUBMMUMUuuuwmmmmMmmMW^
~0m^msku\umu\wk\
766 (P 3244)
Brazier
with
onkos
Scale
1:2,
where indicated
PLATE 78
^_____B___________________________H
____________^______________h
l^_________________________^________________________l___________[
768
768 (P 26227a),
(P 26227a), back
front
"' ^^^^^i^^^___H___^^___________B_________H^
'^>]^^^^B^K^BB^BKK^^^KSr 'v-v. kN__5_Wk_3L_PH_S__MHl?-____S8________i^__i___fl^___M--w ^^l^^B^^^^BlH^___-^i_______^Bw^l-lBr *:,^^^^^^sMR^a^^ii_________BwBv
'^SS^Kl^K^II!__^B_?r
768 (P 26227b + c)
Brazier
(Quartz
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos
Scale
1:2
PLATE 79
'^v^mS^^l^fl^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B.
^^^Skumum^k^mMumumuuy ^KEn^^^^^^^^^^^^^flE^BBI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^p
^^^ ' ;? i^SSmE
d^^^^^^^^^^^lflB^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BB^^
'
Wm_Wm_^m_^mwm^
769 (P 1494)
?3fe3^?5^^SP^3BB
iB'BBBB^^Bm
ilijBy^^^B*PB^MiiMi^^^B!!^Bi
mES^^^^^BBBBB^s*l^^Blfl
flflBBflB^jflBBBBR
jB^BBBBflflB ^^HB
:.;-*3^3
'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^a^^Bf ^ffl^B^B^BKliiiiBB
diK^>'?"^-.-'
^?iBBBHI^^V
772
(P 28401),
^'^^SS?BBBBfiBttBfi^<^
fill/
front
f*>ai^'' "lijflf^MfB^^y^ 77^ fpt
**-'****#Ki~UBr
-'"W^^^^^mr
bbBbB^^^^^bsHb
940^^
to
\ir a^voo)
back
772,
775 (P 4146)
^^^^^
774 (P 20980) 776 (P 14320)
Brazier
(Quartz cooking Stands
fabric):
bull,
rosette,
thunderbolt Scale
1:2
PLATE 80
^^_|MB|||||||||te
:?_?s__B_M_SPv -TOtoSw^____________HPtt^*'-
'
-'pt|,.
-P. '?^______________?|l?r
778 (P 24239) 777 (P 20589)
?'i___r <2$m&EF^ rjp^' '!i^v^P^^H^^^^^^^^^^H^^^{< 'iMll^^__G----_-^-^-^-^-^----^-B _____HP_f *J^rj**** ^i^^^^K_____________________i! ^JB__f
780 (P3421)
782
Brazier wreathed
(Schist
cooking papposilenos
(P 23797),
fabric): man 7:2 Scafe
front
with
pointed
782,
cap,
781
(P 269)
back
PLATE 81
IBBBB^Bifl^Bi^^^flBBfiih^
'' ^^^^^^^^^^^w^^^^mm
^^^B^^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^fl
cMMHS^tf^^^BBB^^^^B
H^B^Hi-fl^B^B^B^BL
flflflfl^lflflflflflflflflB^teft^
mmB5#
BBHk'
783 (P 17989)
^iliiBBBBH^^BIB^^^^B^^^^B ^^^^^^^^B^^^Bi^^^^^^^^^B
..,,p-fil B^B^B^BB
JBBBRJf
'^iIH^^B^B^RBIB
784 (P 4191)
?HiW|i^^W8B!H^i(JHBBBBBHM ^_w_______^___*__j____________^m_m
786 (P 22052)
I Iffl^B^B^BBL
'"S^BBHfrPii]\i]B^B^B^BBil^it^
785
^/^f^^i^^^^^&v^.-^'y ^^^w^m^fi^i^,,
&_**
787 (P 683a)
788
B^WBmM\u\^k^Luu^??Wu%uu\u\u\u\u\u\u\
(P 573)
-.'-fLif ...jh,lm*
(MC 1330)
m\u\u\fkmu^ffiSK&k^Lu\u\u\u\u\m
;^a^HHH9^^^^^^^B mk\\\\w^^^^mm\\\\\\um\\\ ibm&&&x ^:\*&mmm^mmmmm\\ Jb___Bv^HB^^^^^^Bb ^B^BBWBflBB^^^I^ t^flBB!^?^i!SflBBBBB^i ^BBHB^^^^^^^^^B^te^ ^dl^B^B^^^^R<^MH^B^B^BBB '^BB^fl^BEf^flifl^fl^flflBflB .i^lJI^B^BHiiB *il iSB^B^B^B^k ^BB^B^fl&gBBS^BHBBP^ ^^mmmM\umR'^mk^SKBmMm\uuuuuuuu\\
^^^B^^^^^^^BBf-^ii'^^^Sm\\w^^^
789 (P 14467)
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
790
fabric):
satyr with
(P 26957)
onkos
Scale
1:2
PLATE 82 - <__?__ ?_s_. _e*^ - iy^-iff*_flMM[gMB|k ?^?i__ra_H_____^_____H______H____ ^i__H_______p^__l_^_l_l__H_____________l ________^_i^^l_H_________________________i j^j_____HP_i__U_l___-l_-__H__-_______l______i m ;__^Br^__^___ffi^___fl_^_B_i^___________l #i__9P^______-^^_&_i_^_H-___f______________l
-
____lMSi_&3^__?.-
:/%?& ''^y
'^i^_^_t9_^-i^____'*'''
. 'v*_&Sffi?'
JB^^_B_-gM_-S^iiBSHB^I^i'r'
________________l_____________________^^^__?^^ ________i______i____H____i____H-____^i_i^____SK ____________________i________l_B_____^ilH__^^ ____________________l__H____i__^______________H_m
4 /^^_^^^^i_^^fl__B^P ^--i-^-^-^-^HH-^-l ^l_H_^_____n^^^Pw^i^_fp^^_^_^_^__B_H^_A
J__B_H__ira^_______^_^_-____8_-l_^_^_MJ_l_M^ _H^__________^_____^____b_____5_b_!I-___k^____^Ii
^_________m___^I-S?_?^Jii-fe'-i' vtyaEB*_fe _?
-
.;-|i ?.?
792, back
794 (P 23792)
793 (P 7804)
796
(P 5756)
1:1
787 (P683b), signature
Brazier
(Schist
cooking
fabric):
satyr with
onkos, Stand
Scale
1:2,
where
indicated
PLATE 83
797 (P
800, back of mold
24236)
800
(P 26396),
mold
798 (P 4192)
799
800, cast '^mMm i_Mfi__
803
802 (P 31391)
i_^____l___M^^___H_h_?. ^^^^^BB^^St^nm^^i'
*relS9_fl__________r
^_^PI_H___?i__?^
Brazier
805 Molds
(P 26397), Scale
1:2
mold
801
(P 28402)
(P 5464)
___^C/_Sj__J__________H_H
805, back of mold
(MC 1331)
>' m2s_MK^
805, cast
lBs_^l^_2_________i_^i^%*!';'*?'"'>?'
^^^?~
806
~$:x*_>**f,fBB
(P
227)
PLATE 84
*^ln,-
vptgf*^,-*...,
.
,
MflB^B^3^BI^^^^^^^^^B
__^
^^'^B^H^^^^^^^^^^^BBlB^^'
^mL&X*'
^mm^^mmmwmmumW mwMwmmmW''>
808 (P 22485)
lm_^_K____S_W_^_mm
809 (P 1418)
'lil^BflBBBBBH^BBEiH^
810 (P 23084)
-*>
^. j^^B^^^^^^^PS^Mi^^B^B^BIBBBii:
^^t^umumumumumw'''j^^Ba\mu\\mW
811
(P2070)
813 (P 14802) Brazier
(other
fabrics)
Scale
1:2
&X^lPifili^^B^Bi!^^^^BflE^I!9^^.
^Bli^^^^^^BI^B^^^^Bl^^M^BBI^^B^^B^^B^Bg
?^i3^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Br
812 (P 14724)
814 (P 19570)
PLATE 85
758 (P
15708)
774 (P 20980)
781 (P 269) 785 (P 573)
Braziers:
backs
of supports
Scale
1:2
773
778
(P 24033)
(P 24239)
PLATE 86
v^^WWI-___________
--^^8j8j|fe
tJ_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^__ !_______________________________________>
__flr^L^^^V^________________IIH_________________^
^l^^^^PHBHH^__^^BRfe_
750 (P7039)
W
__
.,
jlmmw
783
_.
*^B_L^.
^^____H_-B-____________________________-r
^j___________*
|fl^K^^^^B9H^^^^^^^^Hf
^;\v^
^^^^___f[^-f_H__^^________l____________^^^^^ _________H_ffi_^__________i______r _____________--____________--^H '^^^SB^_-_______________P^
w^ ^i9H-_______________l
N_^-;^^ftlir
mmriiitiMtBtP^
786 (P 22052) Brazier
(Quartz
and
Schist
cooking
fabrics)
(P 17989)
Srafe
7:5
.^J^T^:'.
- "-~ : 'i:?"___r__s____Si-8-IV
^^^H______t._____-_^-^-i__-Hp^ 5^4_^II_____________________________________IS_M^^ ^ii^_-^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_H^^Pv;
PLATE 87
*' ^k_W_W_^__fT
788 (MC 1330)
789 (P 14467)
795
^^^^m\\\\\m^^ 816
(P 22200),
^^mLmmmW^816, detail
___lllll^___h-^_________Hr
cBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBk
"j'Bf
j^B^MJII^fl^fl^fl^flBBiP
^B^B^B^B^B^BBc
t*
^r
A^mWr
^^^^^^^HHP'^^flr ^^^^^B^BBbIhbb^H^^
^^^^HIH^RHHt^V^tVI^^^^Hf^
'
~
^%f
^3,"--":-fe5^fl^fl
bb^^, ^riflfl^^^^^^BI^^^^I^BB 803 (P5464) and
other
cooking
''v^^^^BBB
'it-
^^k
JBBBp^?i- '"tii9l^^^flBB^^^^^B
(Schist
~,c&lBfl^fl^fll
~^MlflBBlH^^B
"iBlfW
^_h_____
Brazier
(P 8568)
view 1
^^v^^^^^HBk
^
'V^j'l.\JlUkyp^^p|||J||J^^
mmmmu^BB-W'^^^Kmk
?BI^^^^^^^^^^^BH^^HJ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B&f
^^^^^^^^^BBBBHBBBBHBBP^^^^ 780
fabrics)
^^^hpj^h
Scale
(P3421) 1:5,
except
where indicated
PLATE 88
____________________H1________k.
_^_____________________^________________
_____________________H__H____I__P
____________________^_________E____________.-''
jaal^gM0^0t^mE^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^>'-"^y,'^B^^BBf
^^____________________________________________________^^
*' i -?' -^^^^^^^^^^m^^H^J__-_-^-_BP^^
817 (P 33302)
33927a)
818
^SH^
820 (P 304) 819 (P 7885)
' ,?"_*' ___Pi#?____ iv3$&~* ^_____3__1h^. ^^K,-
with
plain
supports
Scale
1:2
(P 21621),
front
.^$?_b9h__^_w '.-&l^9a^^^i_lS^__
'-;i_^^______H____
-
?__^_i^__HB_____l______________
822
"**?_
"flgHHHk
fl__19Bi___--^-^-^-H
Brazier
^
'^
^V*^^^^Sii^^^T^igrl%
i^R^^^_____________fHJ
m9|HH||^&
822,
back
*^
t________________Rr^'__i______________H____i' >^
* __H_________^^^ ^^^^^l^__i_______________________r ^_Hk^
815 (P
!________
.;'JJlp^^^4^^wiS__tnMof^Mi
(P
33928)
PLATE 89
823 (P 33303)
Wmmm\WmmmW ^ 826 (P 33345a)
/.2
?____L ^^HKk
825 (P
19911a)
827 (P 33332)
^ ^i|^_^P
JH
829
828 (P 28083)
' ^^BBI^^^^^^^^^^fli^^^r^^te^.
7?
gm&p w^^
20981)
(P
l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BBI^^^B^^BBBBf
7:2
832 (P 15731)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^f ^^^b^b|^^bmbbbme^ ^^^^^BBk!&.
834 (P 18789) 73 834, detail
Horseshoe
cooking
stand. Other
braziers and
cooking
Stands
Scale
1:4,
except where
indicated
PLATE 90
^'^n^^Hs
^B^^^^^^^^^B^Bh
mm\uu\\\\\u\mrJB^^B^^^V'I^^^^^^^B^Bf ^B^B^BB^BBBBIM flBBBBBBBB^BBBBBHeP^^^
^-^MSBBHBigwBft^k,.
fl____B|BHlp^^^^ *
bbI^* 1'^^^^^^^^/>' '* .Si^fe < ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^HHMHimiMBK'^^W^^1 ^_mmmmmWm :~*~*., ?BMBdi^H^H^HI\ ^^ B^BBwK' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^H^^BflBH^BaBlHg^i^'' "m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BiiI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^Bh^H^B^^BBBbB^^u^^m%m\\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\u\mL
^^WlHiE^J&^^&i'"'-
"'^^^PlnBB^?^
7:4
840 (P 8427)
k. y^i?iBBI^K\ 'SSSSSSsi.!^*
845,
view
2
a^^Hh^BEBBBBKB^B^^-
846 (P 32665) Other
^^^^s?*^^ ^^B^BB
847
(P 32663) Scale
where indicated
