Adenopathy - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ADENOPATHY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N...

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ADENOPATHY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Adenopathy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00027-X 1. Adenopathy-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on adenopathy. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ADENOPATHY ........................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Adenopathy ................................................................................... 5 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 6 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ADENOPATHY ................................................................................. 35 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 35 Finding Nutrition Studies on Adenopathy.................................................................................. 35 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 36 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ADENOPATHY ........................................................... 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 39 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 46 General References ....................................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON ADENOPATHY ........................................................................................... 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 Chapters on Adenopathy.............................................................................................................. 47 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 51 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 53 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 55 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 57 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 58 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 61 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 61 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 61 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 61 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 61 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 67 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 67 ADENOPATHY DICTIONARY.................................................................................................... 69 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 101

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with adenopathy is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about adenopathy, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to adenopathy, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on adenopathy. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to adenopathy, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on adenopathy. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ADENOPATHY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on adenopathy.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and adenopathy, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Pediatric Infection With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Head, Neck, and Oral Manifestations Source: Special Care in Dentistry. 13(3): 113-116. May-June 1993. Summary: In this article, the authors review the head, neck and oral manifestations of HIV in the pediatric population. Topics discussed include mother-to-infant transmission; HIV pathology in children, including the clinical presentation; head and neck findings, including candidiasis, parotid gland enlargement, cervical adenopathy, herpes simplex, and dental tissues; developmental and neurologic disturbances; and implications for the dentist. The authors stress that pediatric dentists should be aware of the multiple physical findings that lead one to suspect undiagnosed pediatric HIV infection. 3 figures. 2 tables. 28 references.

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Management of Apthous Ulcers Source: American Family Physician. 62(1): 149-154. July 1, 2000. Contact: Available from American Academy of Family Physicians. Publications Division, 11400 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Leawood, KS 66211-2672. (800) 274-2237. Website: www.aafp.org. Summary: This article reviews the management of aphthous ulcers (cold sores), a common and painful problem. Benign aphthae tend to be small (less than 1 cm in diameter) and shallow. Aphthous ulcers that occur in conjunction with inflammation of the eye, genital ulcerations, conjunctivitis (bacterial infection of the conjunctiva of the eye, commonly called pink eye), arthritis, fever, or adenopathy (gland enlargement) should prompt a search for a serious cause. The lack of clarity regarding the etiology of aphthous ulcers has resulted in treatments that are largely based on observation. These treatments include antibiotics, antiinflammatories, immune modulators, anesthetics, and alternative (herbal) remedies. The author briefly describes the typical administration and dosage of each of these treatment options. 3 figures. 2 tables. 12 references.

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Sarcoidosis and Systemic Vasculitis Source: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 30(1): 33-46. August 2000. Summary: This journal article provides health professionals with information on a retrospective study that reported on six cases of sarcoidosis and systemic vasculitis and compared clinicians' experiences with these six patients with experiences presented in the literature in English since 1966. The six patients had systemic illnesses that included fever, peripheral adenopathy, hilar adenopathy, rash, pulmonary parenchymal disease, musculoskeletal symptoms, and scleritis or iridocyclitis. Biopsies revealed features compatible with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis or necrotizing sarcoid granulomata in either skin, lymph node, lung, synovium, bone, bone marrow, liver, trachea, or sclera. Arteriography showed features of large vessel vasculitis in three patients, all of whom were African American, whereas patients with small vessel vasculitis were white. Prior reports of sarcoidosis-related vasculitis included 14 adults, half of whom had predominantly small vessel disease and half of whom had medium or large vessel disease. Eight previously reported children included seven with primarily large vessel sarcoid vasculitis. Racial background was noted in 15 reported cases and included 6 whites, 5 African Americans, and 4 Asians. Among the 6 patients in the retrospective study, 4 improved when treated with prednisone alone. However, relapses occurred when the drug was tapered or withdrawn. The article concludes that sarcoidosis may be complicated by systemic vasculitis that can affect small to large vessels. Sarcoid vasculitis can mimic hypersensitivity vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, or Takayasu's arteritis. African American and Asian patients are disproportionately represented among cases with large vessel involvement. Corticosteroid and cytotoxic therapy is palliative for all forms of sarcoid vasculitis. However, relapses and morbidity from disease and treatment are common. 3 figures, 4 tables, and 42 references. (AA-M).

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Eradication of Ectoparasites in Children: How To Treat Infestations of Lice, Scabies, and Chiggers Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 110(1): 57-59,63-64. July 2001. Summary: This journal article, the second of four on skin problems in children, provides health professionals with information on the presentation of ectoparasite infestations in

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children and discusses conservative treatment. Typical infestations are caused by six legged arthropods such as lice and chigger larvae and eight legged arthropods such as scabies and mites. The head louse is responsible for the most common pediatric ectoparasite infestation. Head lice are transmitted by hair to hair contact and through hats and other hair accessories. Hygiene does not have a role in transmission. Healthy children between the ages of 3 and 10 are most often affected. The most common clinical presentation is scalp pruritus. Excoriations and nits can be found at the proximal ends of hair shafts. Posterior cervical adenopathy is also commonly observed. The mainstay of care is the removal of nits and lice with a quality nit comb. Treatment may also involve pediculicides such as permethrin 1 and 5 percent cream, malathion 0.5 percent lotion, and crotamiton 10 percent lotion or cream. The body louse is larger than the head louse. It does not live on the skin but lives and lays eggs in the seams of clothing. The body louse is a vector for various diseases, including typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. Poor hygiene has a role in the transmission of body lice. Pruritus with nocturnal exacerbation is the most common clinical feature of body lice. Treatment for isolated infestations usually involves simple hygiene measures. Scabies, another common ectoparasite, is transmitted by close personal contact and is common in poor or crowded living conditions. The clinical features include pruritus and burrows and erythematous papules. Diagnosis can be made by microscopically examining scrapings from burrows and papules; however, this can be inconclusive. Treatment usually involves application of a pediculicide such as crotamiton, lindane, or permethrin. Orally administered ivermectin has been shown to be safe and effective, but it has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for oral use. Chiggers are also a common cause of a pruritic rash. The chigger crawls onto a human host, anchors itself to the skin, injects proteolytic enzymes, and ingests the degraded tissue. Outdoor exposure is a hallmark feature of chigger bites. Treatment is aimed at relieving pruritus. 3 figures, 1 table, and 8 references.

Federally Funded Research on Adenopathy The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to adenopathy. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to adenopathy. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore adenopathy.

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for adenopathy in the PubMed Central database: •

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS: association with Rochalimaea henselae infection. by Peter JB, Boyle M, Patnaik M, Hadfield TL, Barka NE, Schwartzman WA, Penny RS.; 1994 Jan; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&action=stream&blobt ype=pdf&artid=368207

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with adenopathy, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for adenopathy (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

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A 31-year-old woman with cough, hemoptysis, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Nichols L. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1983 May 20; 249(19): 2691-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6842776

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A case of “false-positive” high probability ventilation-perfusion lung scan due to tuberculous mediastinal adenopathy with a discussion of other causes of “falsepositive” high probability ventilation-perfusion lung scans. Author(s): Palevsky HI, Cone L, Alavi A. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1991 March; 32(3): 512-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2005462

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A perplexing case of hilar adenopathy. Clinical conference in pulmonary disease from the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Author(s): Shaw RA, Schonfeld SA, Whitcomb ME. Source: Chest. 1981 December; 80(6): 736-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7307597

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Abdominal mass and cervical adenopathy in a child. Author(s): Kangarloo H, Sample WF. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1979 April; 132(4): 643-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=106699

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Accuracy of computed tomography in detecting intraabdominal and pelvic adenopathy in lymphoma. Author(s): Lee JK, Stanley RJ, Sagel SS, Levitt RG. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1978 August; 131(2): 311-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=98015

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Accuracy of computed tomography in determining the presence or absence of metastatic retropharyngeal adenopathy. Author(s): Morrissey DD, Talbot JM, Cohen JI, Wax MK, Andersen PE. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2000 December; 126(12): 1478-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11115286

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Acute adenopathy in a young man. Author(s): Gottlieb LS, Southgate MT. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1973 June 25; 224(13): 1737-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4575466

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Acute obstructive uric acid nephropathy after treatment of neoplastic adenopathy. Author(s): Fitzgerald RH Jr, Wallace KM, Baker AS. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1981 April; 74(4): 424-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7221659

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Adenitis, adenopathy, and abscesses of the head and neck. Author(s): Ortiz JA, Hudkins C, Kornblut A. Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 1987 May; 5(2): 359-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3325278

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Adeno-carcinoma of the bronchus presenting with bi-hilar adenopathy, Bell's palsy and absorptive hypercalciuria. Author(s): O'Neill S, Walker F, O'Dwyer WF. Source: Ir Med J. 1980 August; 73(8): 313-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7451104

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Adenopathy of the cardiophrenic angle (diaphragmatic) lymph nodes. Author(s): Castellino RA, Blank N. Source: Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1972 March; 114(3): 509-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5011400

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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with adenopathy. Author(s): Hantsch CE, Tanus T. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1991 October 1; 115(7): 546-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1883124

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An elderly woman with fever and hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Gilbert HM, Guerrieri C. Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases : Ijid : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2001; 5(3): 172-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11724678

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An evaluation of fast neutron beam teletherapy of metastatic cervical adenopathy from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. Author(s): Griffin TW, Laramore GE, Parker RG, Gerdes AJ, Hebard DW, Blasko JC, Groudine M. Source: Cancer. 1978 December; 42(6): 2517-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=103609

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An ultrastructural analysis of breast carcinoma presenting as isolated axillary adenopathy. Author(s): Iglehart JD, Ferguson BJ, Shingleton WW, Sabiston DC Jr, Silva JS, Fetter BF, McCarty KS Jr. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1982 July; 196(1): 8-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6284071

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An unusual cause of cervical adenopathy. Extramedullary hematopoiesis. Author(s): Khan A, Milley PS, Spaulding MB, Marchetta FC. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1982 August; 108(8): 523-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7103832

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Answer to case of the month #6. Diagnosis. Left inferior vena cava simulating paraaortic adenopathy. Author(s): Tennenhouse J, Gray R. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1991 April; 42(2): 145-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2039959

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Arthritis, hilar adenopathy, erythema nodosum complex. Author(s): Fitzgerald AA, Davis P. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1982 November-December; 9(6): 935-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7161784

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Assessment of metastatic cervical adenopathy using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Author(s): Fischbein NJ, Noworolski SM, Henry RG, Kaplan MJ, Dillon WP, Nelson SJ. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2003 March; 24(3): 301-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12637272

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Association of medullary carcinoma with reactive axillary adenopathy. Author(s): Neuman ML, Homer MJ. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1996 July; 167(1): 185-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8659369

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Asymptomatic gastrocnemius muscle biopsy: an extremely sensitive and specific test in the pathologic confirmation of sarcoidosis presenting with hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Andonopoulos AP, Papadimitriou C, Melachrinou M, Meimaris N, Vlahanastasi C, Bounas A, Georgiou P. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 September-October; 19(5): 569-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11579718

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Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana isolation in patient with chronic adenopathy, lymphopenia, and a cat. Author(s): Raoult D, Drancourt M, Carta A, Gastaut JA. Source: Lancet. 1994 April 16; 343(8903): 977. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7909030

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Benign lymphoepithelial parotid cysts and hyperplastic cervical adenopathy in AIDSrisk patients: a new CT appearance. Author(s): Holliday RA, Cohen WA, Schinella RA, Rothstein SG, Persky MS, Jacobs JM, Som PM. Source: Radiology. 1988 August; 168(2): 439-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3393663

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy and cystic lung lesion. Author(s): Ohsaki Y, Abe S, Yahara O, Murao M. Source: Chest. 1977 January; 71(1): 81-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=830505

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Einstein HE. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1973 May; 78(5): 787. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4711796

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Hainer JW. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1973 May; 78(5): 787-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4197155

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy: an unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma. Author(s): King TE Jr, Fisher J, Schwarz MI, Patzelt LH. Source: Thorax. 1982 April; 37(4): 317-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7112466

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy: its significance. Author(s): Poh SC. Source: Singapore Med J. 1982 October; 23(5): 279-82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7157010

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Bilateral proximal pulmonary artery aneurysms simulating hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Girgis R, Kavuru MS, Miller M, Spizarny D. Source: Chest. 1992 July; 102(1): 311-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1623780

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Building a better mousetrap: the diagnosis of metastatic cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Weissman JL. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2003 March; 24(3): 297. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12637269

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Cardiophrenic adenopathy in Hodgkin disease. Author(s): Crowe JE. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1975 January; 129(1): 116-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1130328

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Cardiophrenic angle adenopathy: update of causes and significance. Author(s): Vock P, Hodler J. Source: Radiology. 1986 May; 159(2): 395-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3961172

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Case report. Recurrent hilar and mediastinal adenopathy secondary to bacterial pneumonitis. Author(s): Cameron DC. Source: Australasian Radiology. 1983 November; 27(3): 233-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6675657

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Case report. Vena cava anomalies simulating adenopathy on computed tomography. Author(s): Jasinski RW, Yang CF, Rubin JM. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1981 December; 5(6): 921-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7320306

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Cat-scratch disease without adenopathy. Author(s): Malatack JJ, Altman HA, Nard JA, Wiener ES, Urbach AH, McGregor RS. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1989 January; 114(1): 101-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2909694

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Cervical abscess and mediastinal adenopathy: an unusual presentation of childhood histoplasmosis. Author(s): McGraw EP, Kane JM, Kleiman MB, Scherer LR. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 2002 December; 32(12): 862-4. Epub 2002 September 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12447591

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Cervical adenopathy secondary to toxoplasmosis. Author(s): Rafaty FM. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1977 September; 103(9): 547-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=901284

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Cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Chesney PJ. Source: Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics. 1994 July; 15(7): 276-84; Quiz 285. Review. Erratum In: Pediatr Rev 1994 August; 15(8): 310. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8084848

12

Adenopathy

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Chest radiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal adenopathy in lymphoma. Author(s): Salonen O, Kivisaari L, Standertskjold-Nordenstam CG, Oksanen K, Lappalainen K. Source: Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). 1987 November-December; 28(6): 747-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2962613

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Clinical interpretation of bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Winterbauer RH, Belic N, Moores KD. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1973 January; 78(1): 65-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4682310

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Clinical stage II non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy alone. The significance of clinically staged ipsilateral hilar adenopathy (N1 disease). Author(s): Rosenthal SA, Curran WJ Jr, Herbert SH, Hughes EN, Sandler HM, Stafford PM, McKenna WG. Source: Cancer. 1992 November 15; 70(10): 2410-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1330280

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Color and pulsed Doppler evaluation of benign and malignant adenopathy. Author(s): Giovagnorio F, Rusticali A, Araneo AL. Source: Clinical Imaging. 1997 May-June; 21(3): 163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9156303

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Computed tomographic detection of retroperitoneal adenopathy. Author(s): Glazer GM, Goldberg HI, Moss AA, Axel L. Source: Radiology. 1982 April; 143(1): 147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7063719

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Computed tomography for cervical adenopathy. Does the cost justify the results? Author(s): Cantrell RW. Source: Arch Otolaryngol. 1984 July; 110(7): 441-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6428387

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Computed tomography of axillary and supraclavicular adenopathy. Author(s): Goldberg RP, Austin RM. Source: Clinical Radiology. 1985 November; 36(6): 593-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4064544

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Computed tomography vs standard radiology in the evaluation of mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Moak GD, Cockerill EM, Farber MO, Yaw PB, Manfredi F. Source: Chest. 1982 July; 82(1): 69-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7083939

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Conservative treatment of axillary adenopathy due to probable subclinical breast cancer. Author(s): Vilcoq JR, Calle R, Ferme F, Veith F. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1982 September; 117(9): 1136-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7115059

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Cost-efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration vs. mediastinotomy in patients with lung cancer and suspected mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Aabakken L, Silvestri GA, Hawes R, Reed CE, Marsi V, Hoffman B. Source: Endoscopy. 1999 November; 31(9): 707-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10604611

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Detection and characterization of metastatic cervical adenopathy by MR imaging: comparison of different MR techniques. Author(s): van den Brekel MW, Castelijns JA, Stel HV, Valk J, Croll GA, Golding RP, Luth WJ, Meyer CJ, Snow GB. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1990 July-August; 14(4): 581-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2370357

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Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Brause M, Cohnen M, Helmchen U, Grabensee B. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2001 September; 16(9): 1947-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11522888

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Difficult diagnostic and therapeutic cases: CASE 3. presentation of prostate cancer with cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Gaur S, Aish LS, Oo TH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004 March 1; 22(5): 957-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14990654

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Displaced plaque in retroperitoneal adenopathy. Author(s): Al-Okaili RN, Schable SI, Marlow TJ. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 2002 August; 95(8): 857-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12190221

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Adenopathy

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Distribution of T-cell phenotypic subsets and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes in lymph nodes from male homosexuals with persistent generalized adenopathy: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Author(s): Said JW, Shintaku IP, Teitelbaum A, Chien K, Sassoon AF. Source: Human Pathology. 1984 August; 15(8): 785-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6235166

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Effectiveness of scalene node biopsy for staging of lung cancer in the absence of palpable adenopathy. Author(s): Bernstein MP, Ferrara JJ, Brown L. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1985 May; 29(1): 46-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3990311

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Endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Shannon JJ, Bude RO, Orens JB, Becker FS, Whyte RI, Rubin JM, Quint LE, Martinez FJ. Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 1996 April; 153(4 Pt 1): 1424-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8616576

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Endometrial cancer with para-aortic adenopathy: patterns of failure and opportunities for cure. Author(s): Corn BW, Lanciano RM, Greven KM, Schultz DJ, Reisinger SA, Stafford PM, Hanks GE. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1992; 24(2): 223-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1526859

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Evaluation of cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Winkler CW. Source: J S C Med Assoc. 1984 August; 80(8): 408-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6592402

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False portal thrombosis syndrome after splenectomy due to tuberculous peritonitis and periportal adenopathy. Author(s): Burlui D, Ratiu O. Source: Rom Med Rev. 1970; 14(2): 42-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5473407

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Familial multiple endocrine adenopathy (primary hyperparathyroidism and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) in two siblings. Author(s): Dutta P, Wallace MR, Wrong OM, Taylor S, Welbourn RB. Source: Proc R Soc Med. 1968 July; 61(7): 658-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4298825

Studies

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Fast neutron irradiation of metastatic cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Duncan W. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1984 July; 10(7): 1149. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6746355

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Fast neutron irradiation of metastatic cervical adenopathy: the results of a randomized RTOG study. Author(s): Griffin TW, Davis R, Laramore GE, Hussey DH, Hendrickson FR, RodriguezAntunez A. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1983 September; 9(9): 1267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6350243

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Fever, weight loss, and hilar adenopathy in a microbiologist. Author(s): Shaw RA, Fass RJ, Perkins RL. Source: Chest. 1981 May; 79(5): 587-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7226937

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging using iron oxide particles in characterizing head and neck adenopathy. Author(s): Hoffman HT, Quets J, Toshiaki T, Funk GF, McCulloch TM, Graham SM, Robinson RA, Schuster ME, Yuh WT. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2000 September; 110(9): 1425-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10983936

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Giant gastrinoma in a patient with multiple endocrine adenopathy (type 1). Author(s): Vella MA, Cowie AG, Gorsuch AN, Watson LC. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1988 June; 81(6): 359-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2900336

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Granulomatous hepatitis in three children due to cat-scratch disease without peripheral adenopathy. An unrecognized cause of fever of unknown origin. Author(s): Malatack JJ, Jaffe R. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1993 September; 147(9): 949-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8362809

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Gray-scale ultrasonic demonstration of peripancreatic adenopathy. Author(s): Schnur MJ, Hoffman JC, Koenigsberg M. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1982 May; 1(4): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6152943

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Adenopathy

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Guinea worm inguinal adenopathy. Author(s): Osoba AO, Oyediran AB. Source: Br J Vener Dis. 1977 February; 53(1): 63-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=139192

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Hilar adenopathy and positive HIV antibody test: case report. Author(s): Ingram CW, Dicicco B, Pastore L, Kravitz P. Source: Va Med. 1989 March; 116(3): 122-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2750277

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Hilar adenopathy in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Author(s): Shah A, Agarwal AK, Chugh IM. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1999 May; 82(5): 504-6. Erratum In: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999 June; 82(6): 542. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10353584

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Hilar adenopathy in aspergillosis. Author(s): van den Berg PM, Hoogsteden HC. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1992 February 15; 116(4): 346-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1733395

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Hilar adenopathy in aspergillosis. Author(s): Mann H. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1992 February 15; 116(4): 346; Author Reply 347. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1733394

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Hilar adenopathy in tuberculosis. Author(s): Kent DC, Elliott RC. Source: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967 September; 96(3): 439-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6039098

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Hilar adenopathy, asthma and eosinophilia in a 17-year-old girl. Author(s): Wiggins C, Patterson R. Source: Ann Allergy. 1988 June; 60(6): 497-8, 531-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3382056

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Hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Nolop KB, Loyd JE, Snell JD. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1986 April; 79(4): 461-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3704704

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Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy caused by bacterial abscess of the lung. Author(s): Rohlfing BM, White EA, Webb WR, Goodman PC. Source: Radiology. 1978 August; 128(2): 289-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=663232

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Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in sarcoidosis as detected by computed tomography. Author(s): Sider L, Horton ES Jr. Source: Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 1990 April; 5(2): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2325188

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Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in septic pulmonary embolic disease. Author(s): Gumbs RV, McCauley DI. Source: Radiology. 1982 February; 142(2): 313-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7054820

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Histoplasmosis presenting with joint pain and hilar adenopathy. “Pseudosarcoidosis”. Author(s): Thornberry DK, Wheat LJ, Brandt KD, Rosenthal J. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1982 December; 25(12): 1396-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7150375

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Hodgkin's disease as epitrochlear adenopathy. Author(s): Berman BW, McIntosh S, Goldenring H, Prosnitz LR. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1980 March; 134(3): 319. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7361742

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Horseshoe kidney mimicking adenopathy. Author(s): Mendelson DS, Mitty HA, Janus C, Cohen BA. Source: Urol Radiol. 1983; 5(2): 121-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6612914

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Hypernephroma: a rare cause of bilateral adenopathy, and an example of the importance of tissue diagnosis in suspected cases of sarcoidosis. Author(s): Khan A, Khan FA. Source: Chest. 1974 December; 66(6): 722-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4426207

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Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. Author(s): Som PM, Curtin HD, Mancuso AA. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2000 March; 174(3): 837-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10701636

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Adenopathy

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Immunohistopathology of lymph nodes in HTLV-III infected homosexuals with persistent adenopathy or AIDS. Author(s): Biberfeld P, Porwit-Ksiazek A, Bottiger B, Morfeldt-Mansson L, Biberfeld G. Source: Cancer Research. 1985 September; 45(9 Suppl): 4665S-4670S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2410110

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Immunological studies on an unusual case of primary pulmonary amyloidosis with hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Ito M, Sugiyama E, Akagawa N, Asanuma Y, Yano S, Yamamoto K, Kitagawa M, Naito T, Maruyama S. Source: Jpn J Med. 1982 July; 21(3): 216-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6982990

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Importance of initial mediastinal adenopathy in Hodgkin disease. Author(s): North LB, Fuller LM, Hagemeister FB, Rodgers RW, Butler JJ, Shullenberger CC. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1982 February; 138(2): 229-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6976723

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Influence of mediastinal adenopathy on site and frequency of relapse in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Mauch P, Gorshein D, Cunningham J, Hellman S. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1982 April; 66(4): 809-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7074652

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Initial presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma as cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Miles RJ, Kaufman D. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 April; 110(4): 447-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8170693

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Intrathoracic adenopathy associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Author(s): Pastores SM, Naidich DP, Aranda CP, McGuinnes G, Rom WN. Source: Chest. 1993 May; 103(5): 1433-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8486023

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Intrathoracic adenopathy: differential feature of AIDS and diffuse lymphadenopathy syndrome. Author(s): Stern RG, Gamsu G, Golden JA, Hirji M, Webb WR, Abrams DI. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1984 April; 142(4): 689-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6608223

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Isolated intrapulmonary adenopathy in leukemia. Author(s): Putman CE, Smith GJ, McLoud T, Ravin CE, Berd D. Source: Chest. 1976 July; 70(1): 86-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1064521

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Isolated portacaval adenopathy in Hodgkin lymphoma. CT and US findings. Author(s): Francis IR, Marn CS. Source: Clinical Imaging. 1994 January-March; 18(1): 28-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8180856

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Kawasaki disease and cervical adenopathy. Author(s): April MM, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Healy GB. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1989 April; 115(4): 512-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2923695

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Letter: Bilateral hilar adenopathy in amyloidosis. Author(s): Kidd CR, Fred HL, Natelson EA. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1974 April 25; 290(17): 972. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4816994

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Letter: Hilar adenopathy with Yersinia infection. Author(s): Sairanen E. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1974 May; 80(5): 673-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4823831

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Letter: Metastatic hypernephroma presenting as bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Ahmad M, Zevallos P. Source: Chest. 1975 December; 68(6): 849-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1192876

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Lipogranulomatous adenopathy: a characteristic but under-recognized presentation of Whipple's disease. Author(s): Turkington P, MacDonald A, Greenstone M. Source: Hosp Med. 2001 February; 62(2): 114-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11236614

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Lymphangiographic study of pelvic adenopathy regression in a phase II trial of methyl-hydroxy-ellipticine in HIV1-AIDS complex. Author(s): Mathe G, Hallard M, Pontiggia P. Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie. 1996; 50(10): 510-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9091067

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Adenopathy

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Lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. Author(s): Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, Carvalho K, Amaral F, Ottesen EA. Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2001 September; 65(3): 204-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11561705

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Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx. Cervical adenopathy diagnosed late. Author(s): Everberg G, Sjolin KE, Orntoft I. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1967 September; 64(3): 213-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6078468

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Magnetic resonance imaging in lymphomatous adenopathy of the neck. Author(s): Palacios E, Valvassori G. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 2000 March; 79(3): 146. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10743758

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Magnetic resonance imaging of metastatic cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Jabour BA, Lufkin RB, Layfield LJ, Hanafee WN. Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Tmri. 1990 September; 2(4): 69-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2223112

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Management of Hodgkin's disease patients with mediastinal adenopathy and pulmonary involvement (stage IIE). Author(s): Baysogolov GD, Shakhtarina SV, Afanasova NV. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 1993 May; 27(2): 107-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8356219

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Massive adenopathy in oropharyngeal tularemia; C.T. demonstration. Author(s): Umlas SL, Jaramillo D. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1990; 20(6): 483-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2392370

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Massive mediastinal and hilar adenopathy in a young African-American man. Author(s): Mallory M, Caldwell E, Baumann MH. Source: J Miss State Med Assoc. 2002 April; 43(4): 113. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11989196

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Mediastinal adenopathy and endobronchial involvement in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Author(s): Merine D, Fishman EK. Source: J Comput Tomogr. 1988 July; 12(3): 216-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3168542

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Mediastinal adenopathy in granulocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rosenoff SH, Canellos GP, O'Connell M, Wiernik PH. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1974 July; 134(1): 135-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4525789

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Mediastinal adenopathy in myeloma. Author(s): Kaplan JO, Morillo G, Weinfeld A, Ostrov SG. Source: J Can Assoc Radiol. 1980 March; 31(1): 48-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7364848

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Mediastinal mass and hilar adenopathy: rare thoracic manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Author(s): George TM, Cash JM, Farver C, Sneller M, van Dyke CW, Derus CL, Hoffman GS. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997 November; 40(11): 1992-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9365088

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Mediastinoscopy: application for hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Welsh LW, Welsh JJ. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1973 April; 83(4): 576-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4739807

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Mesenteric adenopathy in patients with prostate cancer: frequency and etiology. Author(s): Coakley FV, Lin RY, Schwartz LH, Panicek DM. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2002 January; 178(1): 125-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11756105

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Metastatic adenopathy from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: successful response to radiation therapy assessed by color duplex sonography. Author(s): Ahuja AT, Ho SS, Leung SF, Kew J, Metreweli C. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1999 January; 20(1): 151-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9974072

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Metastatic axillary adenopathy. Use of estrogen receptor protein as an aid in diagnosis. Author(s): Grundfest S, Steiger E, Sebek B. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1978 September; 113(9): 1108-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=687112

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Metastatic cervical adenopathy from tumors of unknown origin: the role of CT. Author(s): Muraki AS, Mancuso AA, Harnsberger HR. Source: Radiology. 1984 September; 152(3): 749-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6463256

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Metastatic cervical adenopathy revealing a Grawitz tumour. A case report. Author(s): Kharoubi S. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1998; 52(1): 59-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9581199

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Mixed germ cell tumor of the testicle presenting with a sacrococcygeal mass and no evidence of retroperitoneal adenopathy. Author(s): Hwang AH, De Filippo RE, Stein JP, Skinner DG. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1999 July; 162(1): 162. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10379766

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Mobile mesenteric adenopathy: sonographic distinction from pancreatic mass. Author(s): Bradley WG Jr, Brown TW, Jacobs RP. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980 October; 135(4): 849-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6778126

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MR of head and neck adenopathy in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men. Author(s): Chakeres DW, Zawodniak LJ, Bornstein RA, McGhee RB Jr, Whitacre CC. Source: Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1993 November-December; 14(6): 1367-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8279333

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Multicentric parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy in AIDS patients. A newly recognized entity: CT and MR manifestations. Author(s): Shugar JM, Som PM, Jacobson AL, Ryan JR, Bernard PJ, Dickman SH. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1988 July; 98(7): 772-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3386385

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Multiple endocrine adenopathy syndromes. Author(s): Friesen SR. Source: Military Medicine. 1981 February; 146(2): 109-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6111046

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Multiple endocrine adenopathy. Author(s): Geelhoed GW, Van Heerden JA, Hamberger B, Johansson H, Roher HD, Indyk J. Source: S Afr J Surg. 1992 September; 30(3): 77-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1357758

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Multiple endocrine adenopathy. Author(s): Greene BM, Golladay ES, Mollitt DL. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1983 May; 156(5): 665-78. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6133361

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Neck masses in children: adenopathy and malignant disease. Author(s): Zitelli BJ. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1981 November; 28(4): 813-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7312453

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Nodes or no nodes: CT of adenopathy. Author(s): Morehouse HT, Thornhill BA. Source: Critical Reviews in Diagnostic Imaging. 1986; 25(2): 177-207. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3512174

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Noninvasive testing of asymptomatic bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Carr PL, Singer DE, Goldenheim P, Bernardo J, Mulley AG. Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine. 1990 March-April; 5(2): 138-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2156032

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Operative results of non-small cell lung cancer clinically presenting mediastinal lymph adenopathy. Author(s): Yoshino I, Yamaguchi M, Yohena T, Kameyama T, Kometani T, Osoegawa A, Maehara Y. Source: Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2003 August; 94(8): 250-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14579727

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Adenopathy

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Oropharyngeal tularemia: an uncommon cause of pharyngitis, fever, and adenopathy. Author(s): Raitiere CR. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 1981 August; 13(2): 281-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7252456

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Palatal nerve palsy and cervical adenopathy in a probable case with cat scratch disease. Author(s): Ray M, Marwaha RK, Trehan A, Banerjee AK. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1999 November; 36(11): 1154-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10745340

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Pancreatic polypeptide update: its roles in detection of the trait for multiple endocrine adenopathy syndrome, type I and pancreatic polypeptide-secreting tumors. Author(s): Friesen SR, Tomita T, Kimmel JR. Source: Surgery. 1983 December; 94(6): 1028-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6139885

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Paracardiac adenopathy: CT evaluation. Author(s): Sussman SK, Halvorsen RA Jr, Silverman PM, Saeed M. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1987 July; 149(1): 29-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3495988

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Pathologic quiz case: persistent localized inguinal adenopathy in a man. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease). Author(s): Kalugina Y, Hall CR, Berk RS, Sturgis CD. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2003 August; 127(8): 1044-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12873185

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Patterns of pleural reflections of the left superior mediastinum. Normal anatomy and distortions produced by adenopathy. Author(s): Blank N, Castellino RA. Source: Radiology. 1972 March; 102(3): 585-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5060165

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Pediatrics: cervical adenopathy in children. Author(s): Schmitt BD. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1976 September; 60(9): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=959081

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Pelvic adenopathy from bladder and prostate carcinoma: detection by rapid-sequence computed tomography. Author(s): Weinerman PM, Arger PH, Coleman BG, Pollack HM, Banner MP, Wein AJ. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1983 January; 140(1): 95-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6600330

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Pelvic adenopathy in prostatic and urinary bladder carcinoma: MR imaging with a three-dimensional TI-weighted magnetization-prepared-rapid gradient-echo sequence. Author(s): Jager GJ, Barentsz JO, Oosterhof GO, Witjes JA, Ruijs SJ. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1996 December; 167(6): 1503-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8956585

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Periarticular inflammation, bilateral hilar adenopathy and a sarcoid reaction. Author(s): Caplan HI, Katz WA, Rubenstein M. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1970 March-April; 13(2): 101-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5421720

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Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenopathy syndrome: clinical characteristics and outcome. Author(s): Padeh S, Brezniak N, Zemer D, Pras E, Livneh A, Langevitz P, Migdal A, Pras M, Passwell JH. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1999 July; 135(1): 98-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10393612

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Persistent adenopathy in coccidioidomycosis: an indication for therapy. Author(s): Jenkins DW Jr. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1977 May; 70(5): 531-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=860140

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Pharyngitis, splenomegaly, and hilar and peripheral adenopathy in a 29-year-old man with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Author(s): Highland KB, Pantsari MW, Judson MA. Source: Chest. 2001 May; 119(5): 1586-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11348971

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Pitfalls in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal adenopathy. Author(s): Koehler PR, Mancuso AA. Source: J Can Assoc Radiol. 1982 September; 33(3): 197-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7142280

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Adenopathy

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Polytetrafluoroethylene giant granuloma and adenopathy: long-term complications following subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Author(s): Aragona F, D'Urso L, Scremin E, Salmaso R, Glazel GP. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1997 October; 158(4): 1539-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9302169

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Positron emission tomography: a new, precise imaging modality for detection of primary head and neck tumors and assessment of cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Bailet JW, Abemayor E, Jabour BA, Hawkins RA, Ho C, Ward PH. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1992 March; 102(3): 281-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1545657

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Possible parathyroid origin of gastrin in a patient with multiple endocrine adenopathy type I. Author(s): Cassar J, Polak JM, Cooke WM. Source: The British Journal of Surgery. 1975 April; 62(4): 313-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=165852

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Potential underdosing with the use of electron beam therapy in patients with cervical adenopathy and advanced head and neck cancer. Author(s): Reisinger SA, Ayyangar K, Flanders A, Sweet J, Mohiuddin M. Source: Medical Dosimetry : Official Journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists. 1995 Spring; 20(1): 7-10. Erratum In: Med Dosim 1995 Fall; 20(3): 215. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7794493

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Potential underdosing with the use of electron-beam therapy in patients with cervical adenopathy and advanced head and neck cancer. Author(s): Reisinger SA, Ayyangar K, Flanders A, Sweet J, Mohiuddin M. Source: Medical Dosimetry : Official Journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists. 1994 Summer; 19(2): 97-101. Erratum In: Med Dosim 1995 Fall; 20(3): 215. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7916983

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Preliminary results of fast neutron teletherapy of metastatic cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Berry HC, Parker RG, Gerdes AJ. Source: Cancer. 1976 June; 37(6): 2613-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=949680

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Prospective evaluation of internal adenopathy in a cohort of 43 patients with hairy cell leukemia. Author(s): Hakimian D, Tallman MS, Hogan DK, Rademaker AW, Rose E, Nemcek AA Jr. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1994 February; 12(2): 268-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7906724

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Prostate cancer with an unusual presentation: polymyositis and mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Kopelson G. Source: Cancer. 1982 August 1; 50(3): 606. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7093902

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Prostatic cancer with an unusual presentation: polymyositis and mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Park Y, Oster MW, Olarte MR. Source: Cancer. 1981 September 1; 48(5): 1262-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7272958

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Pulmonary amyloidoma and hilar adenopathy. Rare manifestations of primary amyloidosis. Author(s): Desai RA, Mahajan VK, Benjamin S, Van Ordstrand HS, Cordasco EM. Source: Chest. 1979 August; 76(2): 170-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=456056

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Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma with hilar adenopathy simulating sarcoidosis. Author(s): Masson RG, Tedeschi LG. Source: Chest. 1978 May; 73(5): 682-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=648232

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Radiation dose selection in Hodgkin's disease patients with large mediastinal adenopathy treated with combined modality therapy. Author(s): Elconin JH, Roberts KB, Rizzieri DA, Vermont C, Clough RW, Kim C, Dodge RK, Prosnitz LR. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 November 1; 48(4): 1097-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11072168

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Re: Carcinoma of the prostate presenting as inguinal adenopathy. Author(s): Slavis SA, Golji H, Miller JB. Source: Cleve Clin J Med. 1990 January-February; 57(1): 97. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2306874

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Recurrent episodes of fever with tonsillitis, mouth ulcers and adenopathy. Author(s): Isaacs D, May M. Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2003 November; 39(8): 627-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14629532

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Recurrent pneumothorax and adenopathy. Author(s): Sider L, Field LR, Courser JI Jr, Yolandis AV, Martin GJ. Source: Chest. 1995 March; 107(3): 860-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7874965

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Regional lymph node dissection in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: is it useful in patients with no suspected adenopathy before or during surgery? Author(s): Minervini A, Lilas L, Morelli G, Traversi C, Battaglia S, Cristofani R, Minervini R. Source: Bju International. 2001 August; 88(3): 169-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11488722

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Renal angiomyolipoma with retroperitoneal adenopathy. Author(s): Chawla K, Silber L, Alexander LL. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1983 April; 75(4): 431-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6864825

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Retroperitoneal masses, adenopathy, and adrenal glands. Author(s): Storm FK, Mahvi DM, Hafez GR. Source: Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1995 January; 4(1): 175-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7697457

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Retropharyngeal adenopathy as a predictor of outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Author(s): McLaughlin MP, Mendenhall WM, Mancuso AA, Parsons JT, McCarty PJ, Cassisi NJ, Stringer SP, Tart RP, Mukherji SK, Million RR. Source: Head & Neck. 1995 May-June; 17(3): 190-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7782203

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Role of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in the management of patients with penile cancer and inguinal adenopathy. Author(s): Assimos DG, Jarow JP. Source: Journal of Endourology / Endourological Society. 1994 October; 8(5): 365-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7858625

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Sagittal and coronal CT reconstruction for demonstration of subcarinal adenopathy. Author(s): Gale ME, Pugatch RD. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1982 April; 6(2): 249-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6210716

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Sarcoidal-hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Mital OP, Agarwala MC, Singh HK. Source: Indian J Chest Dis. 1968 April; 10(2): 40-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5761036

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Sarcoidosis mimicking cor triatriatum. Echolucency of adenopathy due to sarcoidosis. Author(s): Walsh TK, Vacek JL, Bellinger RL. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1985 March; 78(3): 501-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3883769

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Sarcoidosis, hilar adenopathy, and pulmonary artery narrowing. Author(s): Westcott JL, DeGraff AC Jr. Source: Radiology. 1973 September; 108(3): 585-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4723659

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Silicone-induced adenopathy eight years after metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty. Author(s): Groff GD, Schned AR, Taylor TH. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1981 December; 24(12): 1578-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7326072

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Sinus histiocytosis: A rare cause of progressive pediatric cervical adenopathy. Author(s): Lasak JM, Mikaelian DO, McCue P. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1999 May; 120(5): 765-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10229612

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Small cell carcinoma of the lung presenting as bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Richardson RL, Weiss RB. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1977 June; 70(6): 763-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=195347

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Spiculated axillary adenopathy. Author(s): Dershaw DD, Selland DG, Tan LK, Morris EA, Abramson AF, Liberman L. Source: Radiology. 1996 November; 201(2): 439-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8888237

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Stage IA-IIB Hodgkin's disease: staging and treatment of patients with large mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Leopold KA, Canellos GP, Rosenthal D, Shulman LN, Weinstein H, Mauch P. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1989 August; 7(8): 1059-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2754448

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Submaxillary adenopathy as sole manifestation of toxoplasmosis: case report and literature review. Author(s): Garcia-Pola MJ, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Garcia-Martin JM, Villalain L, De los Heros C. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 April; 31(2): 122-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12019742

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Superior diaphragmatic adenopathy from primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Author(s): Wong CH, Chow PK, Koong HN, Chung A, Thng CH. Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2003 March; 18(3): 352-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12603543

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Supraclavicular adenopathy demonstrated by the valsalva maneuver. Author(s): Kuiper DH, Papp JP. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1969 May 1; 280(18): 1007-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5777916

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Systemic sclerosis with bilateral hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Mountantonakis SE, Sakkas LI, Papadopoulos D, Stathakis N. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2003 August; 42(8): 1007-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12869672

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Temporary intrathoracic adenopathy in children--a response to infection caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria? Author(s): Larsson LO, Berg-Kelly K. Source: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 1996 April; 85(4): 508-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8740316

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Testicular malignancy associated with massive inguinal adenopathy and life threatening hemorrhage. Author(s): Lichtman SM, Seftel AD, Arlen M, Budman D, Freund M, Susin M, Fagelman D. Source: N Y State J Med. 1989 August; 89(8): 482-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2550859

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The AESOP (adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma) syndrome: report of 4 cases of a new syndrome revealing POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes) syndrome at a curable stage. Author(s): Lipsker D, Rondeau M, Massard G, Grosshans E. Source: Medicine; Analytical Reviews of General Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, Dermatology, and Pediatrics. 2003 January; 82(1): 51-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12544710

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The association of paracardial adenopathy with hepatic metastasis found on CT arterial portography. Author(s): Wechsler RJ, Nazarian LN, Grady CK, Halpern EJ. Source: Abdominal Imaging. 1995 May-June; 20(3): 201-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7620404

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The development of endocrinopathies in the prospective screening of two families with multiple endocrine adenopathy, type I. Author(s): Friesen SR. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1979 November; 3(6): 753-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=43626

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The diagnostic value of gastrocnemius muscle biopsy in sarcoidosis presenting with erythema nodosum and hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Andonopoulos AP, Asimakopoulos G, Mallioris C, Karatza C, Skopa C. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1987 June; 6(2): 192-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3621841

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The query corner. Foramen of Winslow adenopathy. Author(s): Auh YH, Ha HK. Source: Abdominal Imaging. 1996 May-June; 21(3): 278-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8680299

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The radiographic prevalence of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in adult cystic fibrosis. Author(s): Don CJ, Dales RE, Desmarais RL, Neimatullah M. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1997 August; 48(4): 265-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9282159

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The role of EUS for evaluation of mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Jacobson BC, Hirota WK, Goldstein JL, Leighton JA, Mallery JS, Waring JP, Baron TH, Faigel DO; American Society For Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2003 December; 58(6): 819-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14652546

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The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry in the evaluation of persistent neck adenopathy. Author(s): Tarantino DR, McHenry CR, Strickland T, Khiyami A. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1998 November; 176(5): 413-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9874424

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The therapeutic problem of metastatic neck adenopathy. Author(s): Fayos JV, Lampe I. Source: Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1972 January; 114(1): 65-75. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5009418

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Thoracic adenopathy: metastatic seminoma or sarcoid? Author(s): Eng C. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1992 June 15; 27(6): 208-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1597494

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Thoracic outlet syndrome, supraclavicular adenopathy, Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Van Echo DA, Sickles EA, Wiernik PH. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1973 April; 78(4): 608-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4694046

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Thymus in the superior mediastinum simulating adenopathy: appearance on CT. Author(s): Cory DA, Cohen MD, Smith JA. Source: Radiology. 1987 February; 162(2): 457-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3797659

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Thyroid nodule mimicking cervical adenopathy on FDG positron emission tomographic imaging. Author(s): Lin EC. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 September; 27(9): 656-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12192285

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Tracheal and bronchial stenosis associated with mediastinal adenopathy in Wegener granulomatosis: CT findings. Author(s): Cohen MI, Gore RM, August CZ, Ossoff RH. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1984 April; 8(2): 327-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6707286

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Tracheoesophageal fistula caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis adenopathy. Author(s): Macchiarini P, Delamare N, Beuzeboc P, Labussiere AS, Cerrina J, Dulmet E, Chapelier A, Dartevelle P. Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1993 June; 55(6): 1561-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8512414

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Transient diabetes, cysts but no adenopathy. Author(s): Strum WB. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1985 October 15; 20(10): 89, 93. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3930546

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Tuberculosis mediastinal adenopathy presenting as fever of unknown origin. Author(s): Sood R, Agarwal V, Mukhopadhyay S. Source: Lancet. 1997 December 13; 350(9093): 1782. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9441204

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Tuberculous mediastinal adenopathy mimicking esophageal leiomyoma. Author(s): Barcena R, Erdozain JC, Lopez-San Roman A, Perez Hernandez F, Ledo L, Boixeda D. Source: Endoscopy. 1990 January; 22(1): 57-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2307134

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Tuberculous mediastinal adenopathy presenting as dysphagia. Author(s): Sood R, Gupta R. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 November; 48(11): 1135-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11310408

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Tuberculous mediastinal adenopathy simulating neoplasm. Author(s): Rabinowitz JG, Gribetz I. Source: J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y. 1968 September-October; 35(5): 479-84. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5245474

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Tuberculous mediastinal adenopathy. Author(s): Latour A, Shulman H. Source: J Can Assoc Radiol. 1974 September; 25(3): 238-41. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4423680

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Unilateral axillary adenopathy secondary to a silicone wrist implant: report of a case detected at screening mammography. Author(s): Roux SP, Bertucci GM, Ibarra JA, Blatt G, Ashworth CR. Source: Radiology. 1996 February; 198(2): 345-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8596829

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Unilateral hilar or paratracheal adenopathy in sarcoidosis: a study of 38 cases. Author(s): Spann RW, Rosenow EC 3rd, DeRemee RA, Miller WE. Source: Thorax. 1971 May; 26(3): 296-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5089495

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Utility of on-site cytopathology assessment for bronchoscopic evaluation of lung masses and adenopathy. Author(s): Diette GB, White P Jr, Terry P, Jenckes M, Rosenthal D, Rubin HR. Source: Chest. 2000 April; 117(4): 1186-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10767258

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Weight loss, fatigue, and mediastinal and hilar adenopathy in a 67-year-old man. Author(s): Newman GE, Ravin CE. Source: Investigative Radiology. 1980 May-June; 15(3): 174-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7399841

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What is the significance of periportal adenopathy in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis? Author(s): Goldberg HI. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1994 September; 163(3): 742. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8079885

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X-ray film of the month. Hilar adenopathy. Author(s): Hutcheson JR Jr. Source: J S C Med Assoc. 1973 July; 69(7): 261-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4515903

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ADENOPATHY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and adenopathy.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Adenopathy The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “adenopathy” (or a synonym): •

Lymphadenopathy in celiac disease: not always a sign of lymphoma. Author(s): Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown. Source: Al Kawas, F H Murgo, A Foshag, L Shiels, W Am-J-Gastroenterol. 1988 March; 83(3): 301-3 0002-9270

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Quinidine-induced reactive lymphadenopathy. Source: Gay, R G Fielder, K L Grogan, T M Am-J-Med. 1987 January; 82(1): 143-5 00029343

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Sarcoid-like hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient with metastatic testicular cancer. Source: Heffner, J E Milam, M G Cancer. 1987 October 1; 60(7): 1545-7 0008-543X

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

Nutrition

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ADENOPATHY Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to adenopathy. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to adenopathy and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to adenopathy: •

A metastatic neuroendocrine anaplastic small cell tumor in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. Assessment of disease status and response to doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide chemotherapy through scintigraphic imaging with 111In-pentetreotide. Author(s): O'Byrne KJ, Goggins MG, McDonald GS, Daly PA, Kelleher DP, Weir DG. Source: Cancer. 1994 October 15; 74(8): 2374-8. Erratum In: Cancer 1995 February 1; 75(3): 904. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7922988

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A perplexing case of hilar adenopathy. Clinical conference in pulmonary disease from the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Author(s): Shaw RA, Schonfeld SA, Whitcomb ME. Source: Chest. 1981 December; 80(6): 736-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7307597

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Advanced prostatic carcinoma: pulmonary manifestations. Author(s): Apple JS, Paulson DF, Baber C, Putman CE. Source: Radiology. 1985 March; 154(3): 601-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2578678

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Advanced seminoma: the role of chemotherapy and adjunctive surgery. Author(s): Motzer RJ, Bosl GJ, Geller NL, Penenberg D, Yagoda A, Golbey R, Whitmore WF Jr, Fair WR, Sogani P, Herr H, et al. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1988 April; 108(4): 513-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2450500

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Augmentation of CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes subsets in AIDS infected children after treatment with a non-toxic chelating agents compound--Rodilemid. Author(s): Dinu R, Moraru I, State D, Dinu I. Source: Rom J Intern Med. 1995 July-December; 33(3-4): 205-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8646193

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Brief chemotherapy, Stanford V, and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advancedstage Hodgkin's disease: a preliminary report. Author(s): Bartlett NL, Rosenberg SA, Hoppe RT, Hancock SL, Horning SJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1995 May; 13(5): 1080-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7537796

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Cases from the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins University. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Author(s): Riedel D, Zaas D. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2003 April 15; 114(6): 506-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12727586

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CODBLAM IV chemotherapy for large cell lymphoma: sequential use of infusional vincristine and bleomycin and “high dose” consolidation. Author(s): Rafi S, Coleman M, Kaufmann T, Cesarman G, Papish SW, Bernhart B, Gaynor M, Reisman AM. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1997 February; 20(1): 90-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9020298

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Complete remission in refractory anaplastic adult Wilms' tumor treated with cisplatin and etoposide. Author(s): Sparano JA, Beckwith JB, Mitsudo S, Wiernik PH.

Alternative Medicine 41

Source: Cancer. 1991 February 15; 67(4): 956-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1846771 •

Epstein-Barr virus-negative precursor B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma after liver transplantation: a unique form of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. Author(s): Borges E, Ferry JA, Friedmann AM. Source: Transplantation. 2002 February 27; 73(4): 541-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11889425

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Hodgkin's disease with a mediastinal mass greater than 10 cm: results of four different treatment approaches. Author(s): Preti A, Hagemeister FB, McLaughlin P, Swan F, Rodriguez A, Besa P, Cox JD, Allen PK, Cabanillas F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1994; 5 Suppl 2: 97-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7515653

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Hybrid chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (C-MOPP/ABV) as first-line treatment for patients with advanced Hodgkin disease. Author(s): Montoto S, Camos M, Lopez-Guillermo A, Bosch F, Cervantes F, Blande J, Esteve J, Cobo F, Nomdedeu B, Campo E, Montserrat E. Source: Cancer. 2000 May 1; 88(9): 2142-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10813727

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Ifosfamide and etoposide in childhood osteosarcoma. A phase II study of the French Society of Paediatric Oncology. Author(s): Gentet JC, Brunat-Mentigny M, Demaille MC, Pein F, Avet-Loiseau H, Berger C, De Lumley L, Pacquement H, Schmitt C, Sariban E, Pillon P, Bernard JL, Kalifa C. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1997 February; 33(2): 2327. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9135494

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Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma: a rare malignancy responsive to ABVD chemotherapy. Author(s): Olnes MJ, Nicol T, Duncan M, Bohlman M, Erlich R. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 April; 43(4): 817-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12153170

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Intrathoracic Hodgkin's disease. A case presentation with multiple pulmonary nodules in the absence of mediastinal or hilar node disease. Author(s): Strum SB, Weiss A, McDermed JE, Rosen VJ.

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Source: Cancer. 1985 October 15; 56(8): 1953-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2411383 •

Killer T-cell induction in patients with blastic natural killer cell lymphoma/leukaemia: implications for successful treatment and possible therapeutic strategies. Author(s): Yamada O, Ichikawa M, Okamoto T, Park C, Motoji T, Mizoguchi H, Shibuya A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 April; 113(1): 153-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11328295

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Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for locally advanced breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Author(s): Brito RA, Valero V, Buzdar AU, Booser DJ, Ames F, Strom E, Ross M, Theriault RL, Frye D, Kau SW, Asmar L, McNeese M, Singletary SE, Hortobagyi GN. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 February 1; 19(3): 628-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11157012

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Lymphangiographic study of pelvic adenopathy regression in a phase II trial of methyl-hydroxy-ellipticine in HIV1-AIDS complex. Author(s): Mathe G, Hallard M, Pontiggia P. Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie. 1996; 50(10): 510-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9091067

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Management of aphthous ulcers. Author(s): McBride DR. Source: American Family Physician. 2000 July 1; 62(1): 149-54, 160. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10905785

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Mediastinal malignant lymphoma complicated with esophagobronchial fistula: successfully treated case. Author(s): Tachimori Y, Kato H, Watanabe H, Iizuka T, Minato K, Yamaguchi H, Mukai K. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1987 December; 17(4): 363-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3694829

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Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma. Response of a patient to etoposide. Author(s): Hocking WG, Swanson M.

Alternative Medicine 43

Source: Cancer. 1986 August 15; 58(4): 840-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3719552 •

Paclitaxel and concurrent radiation for gastric cancer. Author(s): Safran H, Wanebo HJ, Hesketh PJ, Akerman P, Ianitti D, Cioffi W, DiPetrillo T, Wolf B, Koness J, McAnaw R, Moore T, Chen MH, Radie-Keane K. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 March 1; 46(4): 889-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10705010

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Paclitaxel, cisplatin, and concurrent radiation for esophageal cancer. Author(s): Safran H, Gaissert H, Akerman P, Hesketh PJ, Chen MH, Moore T, Koness J, Graziano S, Wanebo HJ. Source: Cancer Investigation. 2001; 19(1): 1-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11291548

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Peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following treatment of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Rysenga E, Linden MD, Carey JL, Ross CW, Schnitzer B, Sawdyk M, Maeda K. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1995 January; 119(1): 88-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7802562

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Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with thoracotomy in the treatment of clinically staged IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Author(s): Deutsch M, Crawford J, Leopold K, Wolfe W, Foster W, Herndon J, Blackwell S, Yost R. Source: Cancer. 1994 August 15; 74(4): 1243-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8055445

•

Primary thyroid lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease. Author(s): Thieblemont C, Mayer A, Dumontet C, Barbier Y, Callet-Bauchu E, Felman P, Berger F, Ducottet X, Martin C, Salles G, Orgiazzi J, Coiffier B. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 January; 87(1): 10511. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11788631

•

Radiation dose selection in Hodgkin's disease patients with large mediastinal adenopathy treated with combined modality therapy. Author(s): Elconin JH, Roberts KB, Rizzieri DA, Vermont C, Clough RW, Kim C, Dodge RK, Prosnitz LR.

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Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2000 November 1; 48(4): 1097-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11072168 •

Radiotherapy of stage I and II Hodgkin disease with inguinal presentation. Author(s): Lanzillo JH, Moylan DJ, Mohiuddin M, Kramer S. Source: Radiology. 1985 January; 154(1): 213-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3838078

•

Results of a stage-based protocol for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Author(s): Schvartzman E, Chantada G, Fandino A, de Davila MT, Raslawski E, Manzitti J. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1996 May; 14(5): 1532-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8622068

•

Sarcoid-like hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient with metastatic testicular cancer. Author(s): Heffner JE, Milam MG. Source: Cancer. 1987 October 1; 60(7): 1545-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2441844

•

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung: attempt to remedy causes of past therapeutic failure. Author(s): Johnson RE, Brereton HD, Kent CH. Source: Lancet. 1976 August 7; 2(7980): 289-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=59858

•

Squamous cell granulomas of the neck: histologic regression of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Author(s): Westra WH, Forastiere AA, Eisele DW, Lee DJ. Source: Head & Neck. 1998 September; 20(6): 515-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9702538

•

Stage IA to IIB supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. Long-term survival and relapse frequency. Author(s): Leslie NT, Mauch PM, Hellman S. Source: Cancer. 1985 May 1; 55(9 Suppl): 2072-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3919921

•

Successful treatment of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia by daily oral administration of low-dose etoposide. Decrease in the amount of HTLV-I proviral DNA revealed by the polymerase chain reaction method. Author(s): Kojima H, Hori M, Shibuya A, Nagasawa T, Miwa M, Abe T.

Alternative Medicine 45

Source: Cancer. 1993 December 15; 72(12): 3614-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8252476 •

Sustained complete remission of CLL associated with the use of a Chinese herbal extract: case report and mechanistic analysis. Author(s): Battle TE, Castro-Malaspina H, Gribben JG, Frank DA. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 September; 27(9): 859-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12804645

•

The gallium scan predicts relapse in patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with combined modality therapy. Author(s): Hagemeister FB, Purugganan R, Podoloff DA, Hess M, Rodriguez MA, McLaughlin P, Swan F Jr, Romaguera JE, Cabanillas F. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1994; 5 Suppl 2: 59-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8204521

•

The lung in immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Author(s): Bradley SL, Dines DE, Banks PM, Hill RW. Source: Chest. 1981 September; 80(3): 312-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7273880

•

The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with COP chemotherapy. Author(s): Liepman M, Votaw ML. Source: Cancer. 1978 May; 41(5): 1664-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=647620

•

Thoracic irradiation in Hodgkin's disease: disease control and long-term complications. Author(s): Tarbell NJ, Thompson L, Mauch P. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1990 February; 18(2): 275-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2105920

•

Thyroid lymphomas stages IE and IIE: comparative results for radiotherapy only, combination chemotherapy only, and multimodality treatment. Author(s): Vigliotti A, Kong JS, Fuller LM, Velasquez WS. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1986 October; 12(10): 1807-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2428787

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

•

drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to adenopathy; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Lymphadenopathy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Urinary Tract Infection Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

47

CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON ADENOPATHY Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to adenopathy. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on adenopathy include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Chapters on Adenopathy In order to find chapters that specifically relate to adenopathy, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and adenopathy using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on adenopathy: •

Chapter 28: Sarcoidosis Source: in Klippel, J.H., et al., eds. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. 12th ed. Atlanta, GA: Arthritis Foundation. 2001. p. 455-458. Contact: Available from Arthritis Foundation. P.O. Box 1616, Alpharetta, GA 300091616. (800) 207-8633. Fax (credit card orders only) (770) 442-9742. Website: www.arthritis.org. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0912423293. Summary: This chapter provides health professionals with information on the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of sarcoidosis. This systemic, chronic, granulomatous disease of unknown etiology mainly affects young adults in their 20s and 30s. Although the disease occurs in all ethnic groups, it is most common in African Americans and Caucasians of northern European descent. The disease is slightly more common in women than in men. Although the cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, the immune response has a central role in its pathogenesis. Respiratory symptoms are the most common presenting complaints, and the majority of patients, regardless of

48

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initial symptoms, have abnormal findings on chest radiographs. Other common clinical features include asymptomatic hilar adenopathy detected on chest roentgenogram, constitutional symptoms, rheumatic manifestations such as arthritis, and extrathoracic inflammation. There is no single finding or laboratory test that establishes the diagnosis, so it depends on compatible clinical features involving at least two organ systems, histologic evidence of noncaseating granulomas, and exclusion of other possible causes. In a patient who does not have specific skin or conjunctival lesions, transbronchial lung biopsy is the preferred diagnostic test. Skin anergy is a typical feature; however, it is not diagnostic. Treatment is dependent on the specific manifestations. Corticosteroids are used to treat severe lung disease, liver disease, hypercalcemia, cardiac inflammation, posterior uveitis, neurosarcoidosis, and severe sarcoidosis of other organs. Other potentially useful drugs include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, colchicine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. 1 figure, 1 table, and 20 references.

49

APPENDICES

51

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute8: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

8

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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Adenopathy

•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

53

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.9 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:10 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

9

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 10 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway11 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.12 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 2436 13 734 73 12 3268

HSTAT13 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.14 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.15 Simply search by “adenopathy” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

11

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

12

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 13 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 14 15

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

Physician Resources

55

Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists16 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.17 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.18 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

16 Adapted 17

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 18 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

57

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on adenopathy can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to adenopathy. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to adenopathy. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “adenopathy”:

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Adenopathy

Cancer Alternative Therapy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/canceralternativetherapy.html Wegener's Granulomatosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/wegenersgranulomatosis.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to adenopathy. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to adenopathy. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with adenopathy.

Patient Resources

59

The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about adenopathy. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “adenopathy” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “adenopathy”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “adenopathy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “adenopathy” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

61

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.19

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

19

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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Adenopathy

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)20: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

20

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

63

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

65

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

67

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

69

ADENOPATHY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adenopathy: Large or swollen lymph glands. [NIH] Adjuvant: A substance which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy; in immunology, nonspecific stimulator (e.g., BCG vaccine) of the immune response. [EU] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. [NIH]

Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alpha Particles: Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Amyloidosis: A group of diseases in which protein is deposited in specific organs (localized amyloidosis) or throughout the body (systemic amyloidosis). Amyloidosis may be either

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primary (with no known cause) or secondary (caused by another disease, including some types of cancer). Generally, primary amyloidosis affects the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, and liver; secondary amyloidosis often affects the spleen, kidneys, liver, and adrenal glands. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anaplastic: A term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and bear little or no resemblance to normal cells. [NIH] Anastomosis: A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anergy: Absence of immune response to particular substances. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anesthetics: Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. [NIH] Annealing: The spontaneous alignment of two single DNA strands to form a double helix. [NIH]

Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Anterior chamber: The space in front of the iris and behind the cornea. [NIH] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-presenting cell: APC. A cell that shows antigen on its surface to other cells of the immune system. This is an important part of an immune response. [NIH] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH]

Dictionary 71

Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Aphthous Stomatitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arteriosus: Circle composed of anastomosing arteries derived from two long posterior ciliary and seven anterior ciliary arteries, located in the ciliary body about the root of the iris. [NIH]

Arteritis: Inflammation of an artery. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion. [NIH] Aspergillosis: Infections with fungi of the genus Aspergillus. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrioventricular: Pertaining to an atrium of the heart and to a ventricle. [EU] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Atrophy: Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. [NIH] Axillary: Pertaining to the armpit area, including the lymph nodes that are located there. [NIH]

Bacterium: Microscopic organism which may have a spherical, rod-like, or spiral unicellular or non-cellular body. Bacteria usually reproduce through asexual processes. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basement Membrane: Ubiquitous supportive tissue adjacent to epithelium and around smooth and striated muscle cells. This tissue contains intrinsic macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated proteoglycans. As seen by light microscopy one of its subdivisions is the basal (basement) lamina. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benign tumor: A noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of

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tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bleomycin: A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the trachea. [NIH] Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU] Bronchopulmonary: Pertaining to the lungs and their air passages; both bronchial and pulmonary. [EU] Bronchus: A large air passage that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to the lung. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Candidiasis: Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist cutaneous areas of the body, and is generally caused by C. albicans; it most commonly involves the skin (dermatocandidiasis), oral mucous membranes (thrush, def. 1), respiratory tract (bronchocandidiasis), and vagina (vaginitis). Rarely there is a systemic infection or endocarditis. Called also moniliasis, candidosis, oidiomycosis, and formerly blastodendriosis. [EU]

Dictionary 73

Candidosis: An infection caused by an opportunistic yeasts that tends to proliferate and become pathologic when the environment is favorable and the host resistance is weakened. [NIH]

Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Cat-Scratch Disease: A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes caused by Afipia felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by Bartonella henselae. It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom. [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Celiac Disease: A disease characterized by intestinal malabsorption and precipitated by gluten-containing foods. The intestinal mucosa shows loss of villous structure. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cell Size: The physical dimensions of a cell. It refers mainly to changes in dimensions correlated with physiological or pathological changes in cells. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Chelating Agents: Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination bonds with a central metal ion. Heterocyclic rings are formed with the central metal atom as part of the ring. Some biological systems form metal chelates, e.g., the iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin and the magnesium-binding chlorophyll of plants. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) They are used chemically to remove ions from solutions, medicinally against microorganisms, to treat metal poisoning, and in chemotherapy protocols. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chest wall: The ribs and muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [NIH] Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms. [NIH] Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses. [NIH]

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Chromatin: The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Disease: Disease or ailment of long duration. [NIH] Chronic leukemia: A slowly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissues. [NIH] Ciliary: Inflammation or infection of the glands of the margins of the eyelids. [NIH] Ciliary Body: A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the retina. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion. [NIH] Cirrhosis: A type of chronic, progressive liver disease. [NIH] Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. [NIH] Clavicle: A long bone of the shoulder girdle. [NIH] Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coccidioidomycosis: An infectious disease caused by a fungus, Coccidioides immitis, that is prevalent in the western United States and is acquired by inhalation of dust containing the spores. [NIH] Colchicine: A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic disease). [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Collagen disease: A term previously used to describe chronic diseases of the connective tissue (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis), but now is thought to be more appropriate for diseases associated with defects in collagen, which is a component of the connective tissue. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Combination chemotherapy: Treatment using more than one anticancer drug. [NIH] Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and salvage therapy are seen most frequently, but

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their combinations with each other and surgery are also used. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complete remission: The disappearance of all signs of cancer. Also called a complete response. [NIH] Complete response: The disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This does not always mean the cancer has been cured. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized

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tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Congestion: Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in a part. [EU] Conjunctiva: The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior part of the sclera. [NIH] Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, generally consisting of conjunctival hyperaemia associated with a discharge. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Consolidation: The healing process of a bone fracture. [NIH] Constipation: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Conus: A large, circular, white patch around the optic disk due to the exposing of the sclera as a result of degenerative change or congenital abnormality in the choroid and retina. [NIH] Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Cor: The muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. c. adiposum a heart that has undergone fatty degeneration or that has an accumulation of fat around it; called also fat or fatty, heart. c. arteriosum the left side of the heart, so called because it contains oxygenated (arterial) blood. c. biloculare a congenital anomaly characterized by failure of formation of the atrial and ventricular septums, the heart having only two chambers, a single atrium and a single ventricle, and a common atrioventricular valve. c. bovinum (L. 'ox heart') a greatly enlarged heart due to a hypertrophied left ventricle; called also c. taurinum and bucardia. c. dextrum (L. 'right heart') the right atrium and ventricle. c. hirsutum, c. villosum. c. mobile (obs.) an abnormally movable heart. c. pendulum a heart so movable that it seems to be hanging by the great blood vessels. c. pseudotriloculare biatriatum a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the heart functions as a three-chambered heart because of tricuspid atresia, the right ventricle being extremely small or rudimentary and the right atrium greatly dilated. Blood passes from the right to the left atrium and thence disease due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to disease of the lung, or its blood vessels, with hypertrophy of the right ventricle. [EU] Cor Triatriatum: A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence in the atrium of a perforated muscular membrane which separates the atrium into upper and lower chambers. [NIH]

Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH] Corticosteroids: Hormones that have antitumor activity in lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias; in addition, corticosteroids (steroids) may be used for hormone replacement and for the management of some of the complications of cancer and its treatment. [NIH]

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Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cyclosporine: A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Daunorubicin: Very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemias and other neoplasms. [NIH]

Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Denaturation: Rupture of the hydrogen bonds by heating a DNA solution and then cooling it rapidly causes the two complementary strands to separate. [NIH] Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other neurons. [NIH] Dendritic: 1. Branched like a tree. 2. Pertaining to or possessing dendrites. [EU] Dendritic cell: A special type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that activates T lymphocytes. [NIH]

Dentists: Individuals licensed to practice dentistry. [NIH] Dermatosis: Any skin disease, especially one not characterized by inflammation. [EU] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive tract: The organs through which food passes when food is eaten. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discrete: Made up of separate parts or characterized by lesions which do not become blended; not running together; separate. [NIH] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used

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to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Doxorubicin: Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dysphagia: Difficulty in swallowing. [EU] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Endocarditis: Exudative and proliferative inflammatory alterations of the endocardium, characterized by the presence of vegetations on the surface of the endocardium or in the endocardium itself, and most commonly involving a heart valve, but sometimes affecting the inner lining of the cardiac chambers or the endocardium elsewhere. It may occur as a primary disorder or as a complication of or in association with another disease. [EU] Endocrine System: The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the endocrine glands, included are the chromaffin system and the neurosecretory systems. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Eosinophilia: Abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, tissues or organs. [NIH] Eosinophilic: A condition found primarily in grinding workers caused by a reaction of the pulmonary tissue, in particular the eosinophilic cells, to dust that has entered the lung. [NIH] Eosinophilic Granuloma: The most benign clinical form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis, which involves localized nodular lesions of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, bones, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by eosinophils. The proliferating cell that appears to be responsible for the clinical manifestations is the Langerhans cell. [NIH] Eosinophils: Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin. [NIH]

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Epidermoid carcinoma: A type of cancer in which the cells are flat and look like fish scales. Also called squamous cell carcinoma. [NIH] Episcleritis: Inflammation of the episclera and/or the outer layers of the sclera itself. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. [NIH] Erythema Nodosum: An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Esophageal: Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Estrogen receptor: ER. Protein found on some cancer cells to which estrogen will attach. [NIH]

Ethnic Groups: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. [NIH] Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Excitation: An act of irritation or stimulation or of responding to a stimulus; the addition of energy, as the excitation of a molecule by absorption of photons. [EU] External-beam radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. [NIH] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

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Fever of Unknown Origin: Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained. [NIH] Fibrin: A protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot. [NIH] Fibroid: A benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract. Also called leiomyoma. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Filariasis: Infections with nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischaemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. [NIH] Filarioidea: A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder Spirurina. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae. [NIH] Fine-needle aspiration: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called needle biopsy. [NIH] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. [NIH] Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis. [NIH] Fluorescent Dyes: Dyes that emit light when exposed to light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags. They are used as markers in biochemistry and immunology. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Fungus: A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization, such as the formation of pseudoparenchymatous tissue in the fruiting body of a mushroom. The dimorphic fungi grow, according to environmental conditions, as moulds or yeasts. [EU] Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually

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between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gas exchange: Primary function of the lungs; transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrinoma: A gastrin-secreting tumor of the non-beta islet cells. It is usually located in the pancreas but is also found at other sites, as in the antrum of the stomach, hilus of the spleen, and regional lymph nodes. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which sometimes occurs in families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). Gastrinomas in patients with MEN-1 are usually diffuse in nature. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Genetic testing: Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder. [NIH] Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Gluten: The protein of wheat and other grains which gives to the dough its tough elastic character. [EU] Gonad: A sex organ, such as an ovary or a testicle, which produces the gametes in most multicellular animals. [NIH] Gout: Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Gram-negative: Losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. [EU] Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. [NIH] Groin: The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. [NIH]

Hairy cell leukemia: A type of chronic leukemia in which the abnormal white blood cells

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appear to be covered with tiny hairs when viewed under a microscope. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Helminths: Commonly known as parasitic worms, this group includes the acanthocephala, nematoda, and platyhelminths. Some authors consider certain species of leeches that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths. [NIH] Hematopoiesis: The development and formation of various types of blood cells. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemoglobin A: Normal adult human hemoglobin. The globin moiety consists of two alpha and two beta chains. [NIH] Hemoptysis: Bronchial hemorrhage manifested with spitting of blood. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes. [NIH] Hepatocellular: Pertaining to or affecting liver cells. [EU] Hepatocellular carcinoma: A type of adenocarcinoma, the most common type of liver tumor. [NIH] Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Herpes Zoster: Acute vesicular inflammation. [NIH] Histiocytosis: General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, nonLangerhans cell histiocytosis, and malignant histiocytic disorders. [NIH] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH]

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Hyperaemia: An excess of blood in a part; engorgement. [EU] Hypercalcemia: Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. [NIH] Hypercalciuria: Abnormally large amounts of calcium in the urine. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypoxic: Having too little oxygen. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy: A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proliferations and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy and frequently hepatosplenomegaly. [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive Agents: Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of suppressor T-cell populations or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging. [NIH] Implant radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized,

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subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inferior vena cava: A large vein that empties into the heart. It carries blood from the legs and feet, and from organs in the abdomen and pelvis. [NIH] Infestation: Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin and/or its appendages, as by insects, mites, or ticks; sometimes used to denote parasitic invasion of the organs and tissues, as by helminths. [NIH] Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Inguinal: Pertaining to the inguen, or groin. [EU] Inhalation: The drawing of air or other substances into the lungs. [EU] Inorganic: Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. [EU] Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Internal radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Ipsilateral: Having to do with the same side of the body. [NIH] Iridocyclitis: Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision. [NIH]

Iris: The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium. [NIH]

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Irradiation: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Irradiation is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and x-ray therapy. [NIH] Ivermectin: A mixture of ivermectin component B1a (RN 71827-03-7) and B1b (RN 70209-813), which is a semisynthetic product from Streptomyces avermitilis. A potent macrocyclic lactone disaccharide antiparasitic agent used to prevent and treat parasite infestations in animals. The compound has activity against internal and external parasites and has been found effective against arthropods, insects, nematodes, filarioidea, platyhelminths, and protozoa. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kidney stone: A stone that develops from crystals that form in urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney, in the renal pelvis, or in the ureters. [NIH] Laminin: Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Leiomyoma: A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract but can occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Leukaemia: An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warm-blooded animals that involves the blood-forming organs, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood, and is classified according of the type leucocyte most prominently involved. [EU] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Lice: A general name for small, wingless, parasitic insects, previously of the order Phthiraptera. Though exact taxonomy is still controversial, they can be grouped in the orders Anoplura (sucking lice), Mallophaga (biting lice), and Rhynchophthirina (elephant lice). [NIH] Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer. [NIH]

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Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver scan: An image of the liver created on a computer screen or on film. A radioactive substance is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. It collects in the liver, especially in abnormal areas, and can be detected by the scanner. [NIH] Liver Transplantation: The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenopathy: Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphoblastic: One of the most aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [NIH] Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Lymphocytic: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Lymphopenia: Reduction in the number of lymphocytes. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Malabsorption: Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. [EU] Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

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Mammography: Radiographic examination of the breast. [NIH] Mechlorethamine: A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. [NIH] Mediastinum: The area between the lungs. The organs in this area include the heart and its large blood vessels, the trachea, the esophagus, the bronchi, and lymph nodes. [NIH] Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Medullary: Pertaining to the marrow or to any medulla; resembling marrow. [EU] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to mercury poisoning. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing. [NIH] Mesenteric: Pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. [EU] Mesentery: A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] Microscopy: The application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Mouth Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Multimodality treatment: Therapy that combines more than one method of treatment. [NIH]

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Myeloma: Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Nasopharynx: The nasal part of the pharynx, lying above the level of the soft palate. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Needle biopsy: The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. Also called fine-needle aspiration. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Nephropathy: Disease of the kidneys. [EU] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neuroendocrine: Having to do with the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Describes certain cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Non-small cell lung cancer: A group of lung cancers that includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system. [NIH] Oral Manifestations: Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury. [NIH]

Osteogenic sarcoma: A malignant tumor of the bone. Also called osteosarcoma. [NIH] Osteosarcoma: A cancer of the bone that affects primarily children and adolescents. Also called osteogenic sarcoma. [NIH] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of

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increased lead absorption. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Pancreatic Polypeptide: A 36-amino acid polypeptide with physiological regulatory functions. It is secreted by pancreatic tissue. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the islets of Langerhans has been associated with the obese syndrome in rats and mice. [NIH] Parasite: An animal or a plant that lives on or in an organism of another species and gets at least some of its nutrition from that other organism. [NIH] Parasitic: Having to do with or being a parasite. A parasite is an animal or a plant that lives on or in an organism of another species and gets at least some of its nutrients from it. [NIH] Parathyroid: 1. Situated beside the thyroid gland. 2. One of the parathyroid glands. 3. A sterile preparation of the water-soluble principle(s) of the parathyroid glands, ad-ministered parenterally as an antihypocalcaemic, especially in the treatment of acute hypoparathyroidism with tetany. [EU] Parathyroid Glands: Two small paired endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Pepsin: An enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering

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the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum; a condition marked by exudations in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells, and pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and tenderness, constipation, vomiting, and moderate fever. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the throat. [NIH] Pharynx: The hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). [NIH] Photophobia: Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of eye diseases; migraine; subarachnoid hemorrhage; meningitis; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with depression and other mental disorders. [NIH] Pink eye: Acute contagious conjunctivitis. [NIH] Plague: An acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plaque: A clear zone in a bacterial culture grown on an agar plate caused by localized destruction of bacterial cells by a bacteriophage. The concentration of infective virus in a fluid can be estimated by applying the fluid to a culture and counting the number of. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasmacytoma: Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic plasma cells either in bone marrow or various extramedullary sites. [NIH] Platyhelminths: A phylum of acoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical flatworms, without a definite anus. It includes three classes: Cestoda, Turbellaria, and Trematoda. [NIH] Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumonitis: A disease caused by inhaling a wide variety of substances such as dusts and molds. Also called "farmer's disease". [NIH] Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may

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have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Polyarteritis Nodosa: A form of necrotizing vasculitis involving small- and medium-sized arteries. The signs and symptoms result from infarction and scarring of the affected organ system. [NIH] Polymerase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of DNA using a single DNA strand as a template. The polymerase copies the template in the 5'-3'direction provided that sufficient quantities of free nucleotides, dATP and dTTP are present. [NIH] Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Polytetrafluoroethylene: Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron. [NIH] Portacaval: Surgical creation of an anastomosis between the portal and caval veins. [NIH] Portography: Examination of the portal circulation by the use of X-ray films after injection of radiopaque material. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of

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Hodgkin's disease. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. [NIH] Protozoa: A subkingdom consisting of unicellular organisms that are the simplest in the animal kingdom. Most are free living. They range in size from submicroscopic to macroscopic. Protozoa are divided into seven phyla: Sarcomastigophora, Labyrinthomorpha, Apicomplexa, Microspora, Ascetospora, Myxozoa, and Ciliophora. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Pruritic: Pertaining to or characterized by pruritus. [EU] Pruritus: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. [NIH] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary hypertension: Abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. [NIH] Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons,

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alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Reflux: The term used when liquid backs up into the esophagus from the stomach. [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Regional lymph node: In oncology, a lymph node that drains lymph from the region around a tumor. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH]

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Renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney cancer. [NIH] Respiratory failure: Inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange. [NIH] Respiratory Physiology: Functions and activities of the respiratory tract as a whole or of any of its parts. [NIH] Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. [NIH] Retinoblastoma: An eye cancer that most often occurs in children younger than 5 years. It occurs in hereditary and nonhereditary (sporadic) forms. [NIH] Retroperitoneal: Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Risk patient: Patient who is at risk, because of his/her behaviour or because of the type of person he/she is. [EU] Salvage Therapy: A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases. [NIH] Sarcoid: A cutaneus lesion occurring as a manifestation of sarcoidosis. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Scabicide: An agent which has the power to destroy sarcoptes scabiei. [NIH] Scabies: A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body. [NIH]

Scans: Pictures of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body. [NIH] Sclera: The tough white outer coat of the eyeball, covering approximately the posterior fivesixths of its surface, and continuous anteriorly with the cornea and posteriorly with the external sheath of the optic nerve. [EU] Scleritis: Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic

Dictionary 95

scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva. [NIH] Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Secretin: A hormone made in the duodenum. Causes the stomach to make pepsin, the liver to make bile, and the pancreas to make a digestive juice. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Seminoma: A type of cancer of the testicles. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Sequencing: The determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA chain. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Small cell lung cancer: A type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope. Also called oat cell lung cancer. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or

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Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Spermatozoa: Mature male germ cells that develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Each consists of a head, a body, and a tail that provides propulsion. The head consists mainly of chromatin. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splenectomy: An operation to remove the spleen. [NIH] Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. [NIH] Sporadic: Neither endemic nor epidemic; occurring occasionally in a random or isolated manner. [EU] Spores: The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as protozoa, fungi, and cryptogamic plants. [NIH] Squamous: Scaly, or platelike. [EU] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Squamous cell carcinoma: Cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales. Squamous cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Also called epidermoid carcinoma. [NIH] Squamous cells: Flat cells that look like fish scales under a microscope. These cells cover internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Staging: Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Sterile: Unable to produce children. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stricture: The abnormal narrowing of a body opening. Also called stenosis. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by

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clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Supraclavicular: The depression above the clavicle and lateral to the sternomastoid muscle. [NIH]

Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Systemic therapy: Treatment that uses substances that travel through the bloodstream, reaching and affecting cells all over the body. [NIH] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Teletherapy: Radiotherapy with a souce-skin distance that is large compared to the dimensions of the irradiated tissue being treated. [NIH] Testicle: The male gonad where, in adult life, spermatozoa develop; the testis. [NIH] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Tetany: 1. Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles due to decrease in concentration of extracellular ionized calcium, which may be associated with such conditions as parathyroid hypofunction, vitamin D deficiency, and alkalosis or result from ingestion of alkaline salts; it is characterized by carpopedal spasm, muscular twitching and cramps, laryngospasm with inspiratory stridor, hyperreflexia and choreiform movements. 2. Tetanus. [EU] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest wall. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrush: A disease due to infection with species of fungi of the genus Candida. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Thyroid Gland: A highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lobes, one on either side of the trachea, joined by a narrow isthmus; it produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body. [NIH] Ticks: Blood-sucking arachnids of the order Acarina. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen

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plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. It is often caused by a bacterium. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. [NIH] Tonsils: Small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Toxoplasmosis: The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. [NIH]

Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Trench Fever: An intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. It is caused by Bartonella quintana and transmitted by the human louse. [NIH] Tricuspid Atresia: Absence of the orifice between the right atrium and ventricle, with the presence of an atrial defect through which all the systemic venous return reaches the left heart. As a result, there is left ventricular hypertrophy because the right ventricle is absent or not functional. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tularemia: A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by Francisella tularensis and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Uric: A kidney stone that may result from a diet high in animal protein. When the body breaks down this protein, uric acid levels rise and can form stones. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in

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the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Uvea: The middle coat of the eyeball, consisting of the choroid in the back of the eye and the ciliary body and iris in the front of the eye. [NIH] Uveitis: An inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (the sclera and cornea, and the retina). [EU] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel. [NIH] Vector: Plasmid or other self-replicating DNA molecule that transfers DNA between cells in nature or in recombinant DNA technology. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Vena: A vessel conducting blood from the capillary bed to the heart. [NIH] Ventilation: 1. In respiratory physiology, the process of exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air. Pulmonary ventilation (usually measured in litres per minute) refers to the total exchange, whereas alveolar ventilation refers to the effective ventilation of the alveoli, in which gas exchange with the blood takes place. 2. In psychiatry, verbalization of one's emotional problems. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Vesicoureteral: An abnormal condition in which urine backs up into the ureters, and occasionally into the kidneys, raising the risk of infection. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villous: Of a surface, covered with villi. [NIH] Vinblastine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor. [NIH] Vinca Alkaloids: A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents. [NIH] Vincristine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Visual Acuity: Acuteness or clearness of vision, especially of form vision, which is dependent mainly on the sharpness of the retinal focus. [NIH]

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Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] X-ray therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. X-ray therapy is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and irradiation. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 7, 31, 69, 77, 87, 89, 90, 94 Abdominal Pain, 69, 90 Abscess, 11, 17, 69 Adenocarcinoma, 69, 82, 88 Adjuvant, 40, 69 Adrenal Glands, 28, 69, 70 Agar, 69, 90 Algorithms, 69, 72 Alkaloid, 69, 74 Alopecia, 69, 77 Alpha Particles, 69, 93 Alternative medicine, 69 Alveoli, 69, 99 Amino Acids, 69, 89, 91, 92 Ampulla, 69, 78 Amyloidosis, 18, 19, 27, 69 Anaesthesia, 70, 83 Anaplastic, 39, 40, 70 Anastomosis, 70, 91 Anatomical, 70, 71, 95 Anergy, 48, 70 Anesthesia, 70 Anesthetics, 4, 70 Annealing, 70, 91 Anomalies, 11, 70 Anterior chamber, 70, 84 Antibiotic, 70, 77, 78, 96 Antibodies, 70, 90, 93 Antibody, 16, 70, 75, 83, 85, 87, 93, 100 Antigen, 70, 75, 77, 83 Antigen-presenting cell, 70, 77 Anti-inflammatory, 70, 81, 91, 95 Antimetabolite, 70, 87 Antineoplastic, 71, 72, 77, 78, 87, 91, 99 Aphthous Stomatitis, 25, 71 Arterial, 13, 31, 71, 76, 83, 92, 97 Arteries, 71, 72, 91, 92 Arteriosus, 71, 92 Arteritis, 4, 71 Artery, 71, 89 Arthroplasty, 29, 71 Aspergillosis, 8, 16, 71 Aspiration, 14, 71 Asymptomatic, 9, 22, 23, 48, 71, 80 Atrial, 71, 76, 98 Atrioventricular, 71, 76 Atrium, 71, 76, 98, 99

Atrophy, 71, 79 Axillary, 8, 9, 12, 13, 22, 29, 34, 71 B Bacterium, 71, 73, 98 Base, 71, 85 Basement Membrane, 40, 71, 85 Benign, 4, 10, 12, 71, 78, 80, 82, 85, 88, 93, 94 Benign tumor, 71, 85 Bilateral, 6, 10, 12, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 30, 71, 79 Bile, 71, 86, 95 Biochemical, 70, 71, 80 Biopsy, 9, 14, 31, 32, 48, 71 Biotechnology, 6, 53, 72 Bladder, 25, 72, 92, 98, 99 Bleomycin, 40, 41, 72 Blood pressure, 72, 83, 92 Blood vessel, 72, 76, 85, 86, 87, 89, 95, 97, 99 Bone Marrow, 4, 72, 77, 86, 87, 90, 95 Bone scan, 72, 94 Brachytherapy, 72, 84, 85, 93, 100 Bronchi, 72, 87, 98 Bronchial, 33, 72, 82 Bronchopulmonary, 8, 16, 72 Bronchus, 8, 72 C Calcium, 72, 75, 83, 89, 97 Candidiasis, 3, 72 Candidosis, 72, 73 Carcinoma, 8, 9, 21, 25, 27, 29, 40, 44, 73, 88 Cardiac, 48, 73, 76, 78 Case report, 11, 16, 22, 30, 45, 73 Cat-Scratch Disease, 15, 73 Caudal, 73, 91 Celiac Disease, 36, 73 Cell, 14, 22, 29, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 93, 95, 100 Cell Cycle, 73, 74, 79 Cell Division, 73, 79, 90 Cell Size, 73, 80 Cervical, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 29, 32, 73 Cervix, 73 Chelating Agents, 40, 73

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Chemotherapy, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 73, 94 Chest wall, 73, 90, 97 Chlorophyll, 73, 80 Chloroquine, 48, 73 Chromatin, 74, 78, 86, 96 Chronic, 9, 45, 47, 74, 81, 84, 85, 96, 97, 98 Chronic Disease, 74, 85 Chronic leukemia, 74, 81 Ciliary, 71, 74, 84, 99 Ciliary Body, 71, 74, 84, 99 Cirrhosis, 34, 74 Cisplatin, 40, 43, 74 Clavicle, 74, 97 Clinical Medicine, 74, 91 Clinical trial, 5, 53, 74, 77, 92, 93 Cloning, 72, 74 Coccidioidomycosis, 25, 74 Colchicine, 48, 74 Collagen, 71, 74, 95 Collagen disease, 74, 95 Collapse, 74, 90 Combination chemotherapy, 45, 74 Combined Modality Therapy, 27, 43, 45, 74 Complement, 75 Complementary and alternative medicine, 39, 46, 75 Complementary medicine, 39, 75 Complete remission, 40, 45, 75, 93 Complete response, 75 Computational Biology, 53, 75 Computed tomography, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 25, 75, 76, 94 Computerized axial tomography, 75, 76, 94 Computerized tomography, 75, 76 Congestion, 76, 79 Conjunctiva, 4, 76, 95 Conjunctivitis, 4, 76, 90 Connective Tissue, 72, 74, 76, 80, 86, 94, 97 Consolidation, 40, 76 Constipation, 76, 90 Constitutional, 48, 76 Contraindications, ii, 76 Conus, 76, 92 Coordination, 73, 76 Cor, 29, 76 Cor Triatriatum, 29, 76 Cornea, 70, 76, 94, 99 Corticosteroids, 48, 76, 81, 91, 95 Cortisone, 77, 91 Cutaneous, 72, 77, 94

Cyclophosphamide, 39, 41, 77 Cyclosporine, 48, 77 Cytoplasm, 77, 78, 86 Cytotoxic, 4, 77, 83, 93 Cytotoxicity, 74, 77 D Daunorubicin, 77, 78 Degenerative, 76, 77, 82 Denaturation, 77, 91 Dendrites, 77 Dendritic, 41, 77 Dendritic cell, 41, 77 Dentists, 3, 77 Dermatosis, 77, 80 Diagnostic procedure, 77 Diaphragm, 77, 90 Diastolic, 77, 83 Digestion, 71, 77, 86, 96 Digestive tract, 77, 95, 96 Direct, iii, 74, 77, 93 Discrete, 77, 90 Dissection, 28, 77 Distal, 77, 92 Dorsal, 78, 91 Doxorubicin, 39, 41, 78 Duct, 69, 78, 96 Duodenum, 71, 78, 95, 96 Dysphagia, 33, 78 E Efficacy, 13, 78 Electrons, 71, 78, 84, 92, 93 Embryo, 78, 83 Endocarditis, 72, 78 Endocrine System, 78, 88 Endoscope, 78 Endoscopic, 13, 78 Environmental Health, 52, 54, 78 Enzymatic, 72, 75, 78, 91 Enzyme, 78, 89, 91, 92, 93, 100 Eosinophilia, 16, 78 Eosinophilic, 27, 42, 78 Eosinophilic Granuloma, 27, 42, 78 Eosinophils, 78 Epidermoid carcinoma, 79, 96 Episcleritis, 79, 94 Epithelium, 71, 79, 84 Erythema, 9, 31, 79 Erythema Nodosum, 9, 31, 79 Erythrocytes, 72, 79 Esophageal, 33, 43, 79 Esophagus, 77, 79, 87, 90, 93, 96 Estrogen, 22, 79

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Estrogen receptor, 22, 79 Ethnic Groups, 47, 79 Etoposide, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 79 Excitation, 79, 80 External-beam radiation, 79, 85, 93, 100 F Facial, 79, 89 Facial Nerve, 79, 89 Family Planning, 53, 79 Fat, 72, 76, 79, 95 Fatigue, 34, 79 Fever of Unknown Origin, 15, 33, 80 Fibrin, 80, 90 Fibroid, 80, 85 Fibrosis, 31, 80, 94, 95 Filariasis, 20, 80 Filarioidea, 80, 85 Fine-needle aspiration, 13, 32, 80, 88 Fistula, 33, 42, 80 Flow Cytometry, 32, 80 Fluorescence, 80 Fluorescent Dyes, 80 Fold, 80, 87 Fungus, 72, 74, 80 G Gallium, 45, 80 Gamma Rays, 80, 93 Gas, 81, 87, 88, 90, 94, 99 Gas exchange, 81, 94, 99 Gastric, 43, 78, 81 Gastrin, 26, 81, 82 Gastrinoma, 15, 81 Gastrointestinal, 32, 80, 81, 85, 87 Gastrointestinal tract, 80, 81, 85 Gene, 72, 81 Genetic testing, 81, 91 Genital, 4, 81 Gland, 3, 4, 77, 81, 86, 89, 92, 97 Glucocorticoid, 81, 91 Gluten, 73, 81 Gonad, 81, 97 Gout, 74, 81 Governing Board, 81, 91 Gram-negative, 73, 81 Granuloma, 26, 81 Groin, 81, 84 H Hairy cell leukemia, 27, 81 Headache, 82, 98 Helminths, 82, 84 Hematopoiesis, 9, 82 Hemoglobin, 73, 79, 82

Hemoglobin A, 73, 82 Hemoptysis, 6, 82 Hemorrhage, 30, 82, 90 Hepatic, 31, 34, 82 Hepatitis, 15, 82 Hepatocellular, 30, 82 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 30, 82 Hepatocytes, 82 Hereditary, 81, 82, 94 Herpes, 3, 82 Herpes Zoster, 82 Histiocytosis, 24, 29, 78, 82 Hormone, 76, 77, 81, 82, 89, 95, 97 Hydrolysis, 74, 82, 91, 92 Hyperaemia, 76, 83 Hypercalcemia, 48, 83 Hypercalciuria, 8, 83 Hypersensitivity, 4, 83 Hypertension, 13, 82, 83 Hypertrophy, 76, 83, 98 Hypoxic, 25, 83 I Idiopathic, 83, 94 Immune response, 47, 69, 70, 77, 83, 95, 99 Immune system, 70, 83, 99, 100 Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy, 45, 83 Immunodeficiency, 3, 18, 83 Immunologic, 83, 93 Immunology, 16, 69, 80, 83 Immunosuppressant, 83, 87 Immunosuppressive, 77, 81, 83, 95 Immunosuppressive Agents, 83, 95 Implant radiation, 83, 84, 85, 93, 100 Incision, 83, 84, 97 Induction, 42, 83 Infarction, 83, 91 Infection, 3, 4, 6, 18, 19, 30, 46, 72, 73, 74, 79, 83, 86, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 Inferior vena cava, 9, 84 Infestation, 5, 84 Infiltration, 78, 84 Inflammation, 4, 25, 48, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 84, 90, 94, 97, 98, 99 Ingestion, 84, 89, 91, 97 Inguinal, 16, 24, 27, 28, 30, 44, 84 Inhalation, 74, 84, 91 Inorganic, 74, 84 Intermittent, 84, 98 Internal radiation, 84, 85, 93, 100 Interstitial, 72, 83, 84, 85, 100 Intestinal, 73, 84, 86 Intestinal Mucosa, 73, 84

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Adenopathy

Intracellular, 83, 84 Intrinsic, 71, 84 Invasive, 84, 86 Ionizing, 69, 84, 93 Ions, 71, 73, 84 Ipsilateral, 12, 42, 84 Iridocyclitis, 4, 84 Iris, 70, 71, 76, 84, 92, 99 Irradiation, 15, 45, 85, 100 Ivermectin, 5, 85 K Kb, 52, 85 Kidney stone, 85, 98 L Laminin, 71, 85 Larynx, 85, 98 Leiomyoma, 33, 80, 85 Lesion, 10, 81, 85, 87, 94 Leucocyte, 85 Leukaemia, 42, 85 Leukemia, 19, 21, 41, 44, 45, 78, 85 Lice, 4, 5, 85 Ligament, 85, 92 Lindane, 5, 85 Liver, 4, 41, 48, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77, 82, 86, 91, 94, 95 Liver scan, 86, 94 Liver Transplantation, 41, 86 Localized, 24, 69, 78, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90 Lymph, 4, 6, 8, 14, 18, 23, 24, 28, 36, 44, 46, 69, 71, 73, 83, 86, 87, 93, 94 Lymph node, 4, 8, 14, 18, 28, 71, 73, 86, 87, 93, 94 Lymphadenopathy, 6, 18, 24, 36, 44, 46, 83, 86 Lymphatic, 20, 84, 86, 95, 96 Lymphatic system, 86, 95, 96 Lymphoblastic, 41, 86 Lymphocytes, 14, 40, 70, 77, 85, 86, 96, 100 Lymphocytic, 45, 86 Lymphoid, 70, 76, 85, 86, 98 Lymphoma, 6, 7, 12, 19, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 86 Lymphopenia, 9, 86 Lymphoproliferative, 41, 86 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 15, 20, 86, 94 Malabsorption, 73, 86 Malathion, 5, 86 Malignancy, 30, 41, 86

Malignant, 12, 23, 42, 69, 71, 82, 86, 88, 93, 94 Mammography, 34, 87 Mechlorethamine, 87, 91 Mediastinum, 24, 32, 87 Medical Records, 87, 94 MEDLINE, 53, 87 Medullary, 9, 87 Membrane, 71, 75, 76, 81, 85, 87, 90, 94 Mental, iv, 5, 52, 54, 79, 87, 90, 92 Mercury, 80, 87 Mesenteric, 21, 22, 87 Mesentery, 87, 90 Metastasis, 31, 87 Metastatic, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 32, 36, 39, 44, 87, 95 Methotrexate, 48, 87 Microscopy, 71, 87 Mitotic, 79, 87, 99 Molecular, 53, 55, 72, 75, 87 Molecule, 70, 71, 75, 79, 82, 87, 93, 99 Monoclonal, 31, 85, 87, 93, 100 Mononuclear, 81, 87 Mouth Ulcer, 28, 87 Mucosa, 78, 87 Multimodality treatment, 45, 87 Myeloma, 21, 88 N Nasopharynx, 20, 88 Necrosis, 80, 83, 88, 94 Needle biopsy, 80, 88 Neoplasia, 39, 81, 88 Neoplasm, 33, 88, 94, 98 Nephropathy, 7, 88 Nervous System, 82, 88, 89 Neuroendocrine, 39, 88 Neurologic, 3, 88 Neutrons, 69, 85, 88, 92, 93 Nitrogen, 69, 77, 88 Non-small cell lung cancer, 12, 23, 43, 88 Nuclei, 69, 78, 86, 88, 92 Nucleus, 74, 77, 78, 80, 86, 87, 88, 92, 96 O Optic Nerve, 88, 94 Oral Manifestations, 3, 88 Osteogenic sarcoma, 88 Osteosarcoma, 41, 88 P Palate, 88 Palliative, 4, 88 Palsy, 8, 24, 88 Pancreas, 69, 81, 89, 95

105

Pancreatic, 22, 24, 89 Pancreatic Polypeptide, 24, 89 Parasite, 85, 89 Parasitic, 82, 84, 85, 89 Parathyroid, 26, 89, 97 Parathyroid Glands, 89 Parietal, 89, 90 Parotid, 3, 10, 22, 89, 94 Partial remission, 89, 93 Patch, 31, 76, 89 Pathologic, 9, 24, 71, 73, 83, 89 Pelvic, 7, 19, 25, 28, 42, 89, 92 Pelvis, 84, 85, 89, 99 Pepsin, 89, 95 Peptide, 89, 91, 92 Perfusion, 7, 89 Peripheral Nervous System, 88, 89 Peritoneum, 87, 89, 90, 94 Peritonitis, 14, 90 Pharmacologic, 70, 90, 98 Pharyngitis, 24, 25, 90 Pharynx, 88, 90 Photophobia, 84, 90 Pink eye, 4, 90 Plague, 90, 98 Plants, 69, 73, 90, 96, 98 Plaque, 13, 90 Plasma, 70, 82, 88, 89, 90, 95 Plasma cells, 70, 88, 90 Plasmacytoma, 31, 90 Platyhelminths, 82, 85, 90 Pleura, 90 Pleural, 24, 90 Pneumonia, 76, 90 Pneumonitis, 11, 90 Pneumothorax, 28, 90 Podophyllotoxin, 79, 90 Poisoning, 73, 87, 91 Polyarteritis Nodosa, 4, 91 Polymerase, 44, 91 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 44, 91 Polypeptide, 24, 74, 89, 91 Polytetrafluoroethylene, 26, 91 Portacaval, 19, 91 Portography, 31, 91 Posterior, 5, 48, 71, 78, 84, 88, 89, 91, 94 Practice Guidelines, 54, 91 Precursor, 41, 77, 78, 91 Prednisolone, 91 Prednisone, 4, 41, 91 Prevalence, 31, 91 Procarbazine, 41, 91

Progressive, 29, 74, 88, 92, 98 Prostate, 13, 21, 25, 27, 92 Protein S, 72, 92 Proteins, 69, 70, 74, 75, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 98 Proteoglycans, 71, 92 Proteolytic, 5, 75, 92 Protocol, 44, 91, 92 Protons, 69, 84, 92 Protozoa, 85, 92, 96 Proximal, 5, 10, 77, 92 Pruritic, 5, 92, 94 Pruritus, 5, 92 Psychiatry, 31, 92, 99 Public Policy, 53, 92 Publishing, 6, 92 Pulmonary, 4, 7, 10, 17, 18, 20, 27, 29, 39, 40, 41, 72, 76, 78, 92, 99 Pulmonary Artery, 10, 29, 72, 92, 99 Pulmonary hypertension, 76, 92 Pupil, 76, 84, 92 R Radiation, 12, 14, 15, 21, 27, 43, 44, 45, 79, 80, 84, 85, 92, 93, 94, 100 Radiation therapy, 12, 21, 43, 79, 84, 85, 93, 94, 100 Radioactive, 72, 83, 84, 85, 86, 93, 94, 100 Radiography, 12, 93 Radioimmunotherapy, 74, 93 Radiolabeled, 85, 93, 100 Radiology, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 20, 22, 24, 29, 32, 34, 40, 44, 93 Radiotherapy, 20, 40, 44, 45, 72, 85, 93, 97, 100 Randomized, 15, 78, 93 Receptor, 70, 93 Recombinant, 93, 99 Rectum, 77, 81, 92, 93 Reductase, 87, 93 Refer, 1, 75, 82, 88, 93 Reflux, 26, 93 Refractory, 40, 93 Regimen, 78, 93 Regional lymph node, 28, 73, 81, 93 Relapse, 18, 44, 45, 93 Remission, 93 Renal cell carcinoma, 10, 21, 28, 94 Respiratory failure, 25, 94 Respiratory Physiology, 94, 99 Retina, 74, 76, 88, 94, 99 Retinoblastoma, 44, 94 Retroperitoneal, 12, 13, 22, 25, 28, 69, 94

106

Adenopathy

Retrospective, 4, 94 Retrospective study, 4, 94 Rheumatoid, 73, 74, 94 Risk patient, 10, 94 S Salvage Therapy, 74, 94 Sarcoid, 4, 25, 32, 36, 44, 94 Sarcoidosis, 4, 9, 17, 27, 29, 31, 34, 47, 94 Sarcoma, 18, 41, 94 Scabicide, 85, 94 Scabies, 4, 5, 94 Scans, 7, 94 Sclera, 4, 76, 79, 94, 99 Scleritis, 4, 94 Sclerosis, 30, 74, 95 Screening, 31, 34, 74, 95 Secondary tumor, 87, 95 Secretin, 24, 95 Semen, 92, 95 Seminoma, 32, 40, 95 Semisynthetic, 79, 85, 95 Septic, 17, 95 Sequencing, 91, 95 Serum, 75, 90, 95 Side effect, 77, 95, 98 Signs and Symptoms, 91, 93, 95 Small cell lung cancer, 95 Small intestine, 78, 82, 95 Smooth muscle, 80, 85, 95 Soft tissue, 72, 95 Solid tumor, 72, 78, 95 Specialist, 59, 95 Species, 74, 82, 87, 89, 95, 97, 98 Spectrum, 86, 96 Spermatozoa, 95, 96, 97 Spleen, 70, 81, 86, 94, 96 Splenectomy, 14, 96 Splenomegaly, 25, 96, 98 Sporadic, 94, 96 Spores, 74, 96 Squamous, 8, 28, 44, 79, 88, 96 Squamous cell carcinoma, 8, 28, 44, 79, 88, 96 Squamous cells, 96 Staging, 14, 30, 94, 96 Stenosis, 33, 96 Sterile, 89, 96 Sterility, 77, 96 Stomach, 69, 77, 79, 81, 82, 89, 90, 93, 95, 96 Strand, 91, 96 Stress, 3, 96

Stricture, 96 Subacute, 84, 96 Subclinical, 13, 84, 96 Subcutaneous, 85, 97 Supraclavicular, 12, 30, 32, 42, 97 Symphysis, 92, 97 Symptomatic, 97 Systemic, 4, 30, 47, 69, 72, 73, 74, 84, 85, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 73, 74, 97 Systemic therapy, 73, 97 Systolic, 83, 97 T Teletherapy, 8, 26, 97 Testicle, 22, 81, 97 Testicular, 30, 36, 44, 97 Testis, 97 Tetany, 89, 97 Thermal, 88, 91, 97 Thoracic, 17, 21, 32, 33, 45, 77, 90, 97, 100 Thoracotomy, 43, 97 Threshold, 83, 97 Thrombosis, 14, 92, 97 Thrush, 72, 97 Thyroid, 32, 43, 45, 89, 97 Thyroid Gland, 89, 97 Ticks, 84, 97 Tissue, 5, 17, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Tomography, 11, 13, 26, 29, 33, 97 Tonsillitis, 28, 98 Tonsils, 98 Toxic, iv, 40, 77, 90, 98 Toxicology, 54, 98 Toxins, 70, 83, 93, 98 Toxoplasmosis, 11, 30, 98 Trachea, 4, 72, 85, 87, 90, 97, 98 Transfection, 72, 98 Trench Fever, 5, 98 Tricuspid Atresia, 76, 98 Tuberculosis, 16, 18, 33, 98 Tularemia, 20, 24, 98 Tumour, 22, 98 U Ultrasonography, 13, 98 Unconscious, 70, 98 Ureters, 85, 98, 99 Urethra, 92, 98, 99 Uric, 7, 81, 98 Urinary, 25, 46, 98 Urine, 72, 83, 85, 98, 99 Uterus, 73, 80, 85, 99

107

Uvea, 99 Uveitis, 48, 99 V Vaccine, 69, 92, 99 Vagina, 72, 73, 99 Vaginitis, 72, 99 Vascular, 83, 84, 97, 99 Vasculitis, 4, 91, 99 Vector, 5, 99 Vein, 84, 89, 99 Vena, 11, 99 Ventilation, 7, 99 Ventricle, 71, 76, 92, 97, 98, 99 Ventricular, 76, 98, 99 Vesicoureteral, 26, 99

Veterinary Medicine, 53, 99 Villous, 73, 99 Vinblastine, 41, 99 Vinca Alkaloids, 99 Vincristine, 40, 41, 91, 99 Virus, 3, 18, 41, 90, 99 Visual Acuity, 95, 99 Vitro, 91, 100 W White blood cell, 70, 81, 86, 88, 90, 100 Windpipe, 72, 90, 97, 100 X X-ray, 34, 75, 76, 80, 85, 91, 93, 94, 100 X-ray therapy, 85, 100

108

Adenopathy

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