Appendectomy - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

APPENDECTOMY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES ...

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APPENDECTOMY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Appendectomy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00081-4 1. Appendectomy-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on appendectomy. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON APPENDECTOMY ....................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Appendectomy............................................................................... 5 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 7 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND APPENDECTOMY ............................................................................. 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 Finding Nutrition Studies on Appendectomy ............................................................................. 51 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 52 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND APPENDECTOMY ....................................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 55 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 59 General References ....................................................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON APPENDECTOMY ....................................................................................... 61 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 61 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 61 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 63 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ............................................................................. 63 Chapters on Appendectomy ......................................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 5. MULTIMEDIA ON APPENDECTOMY ............................................................................ 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 Video Recordings ......................................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON APPENDECTOMY ......................................................... 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 67 Academic Periodicals covering Appendectomy............................................................................ 69 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 73 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 75 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 77 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 79 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 79 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 79 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 81 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 83 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 83 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 83 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 83 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 83 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 89 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 90 APPENDECTOMY DICTIONARY .............................................................................................. 91 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 113

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with appendectomy is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about appendectomy, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to appendectomy, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on appendectomy. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to appendectomy, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on appendectomy. The Editors

1

From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON APPENDECTOMY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on appendectomy.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and appendectomy, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Appendectomy Is Followed by Increased Risk of Crohn's Disease Source: Gastroenterology. 124(1): 40-46. 2003. Contact: Available from W.B. Saunders Company. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. (800) 654-2452. Website: www.gastrojournal.org. Summary: Appendectomy is associated with a low risk of subsequent ulcerative colitis (UC, a type of inflammatory bowel disease). This article reports on a study of the risk of Crohn's disease (a second type of inflammatory bowel disease) after appendectomy. The authors followed-up 212,218 patients with appendectomy before age 50 years and a cohort of matched controls, identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register and the nationwide Census, for any subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease. An increased risk of Crohn's disease was found for more than 20 years after appendectomy, with

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incidence rate ratio 2.11 after perforated appendicitis, 1.85 after nonspecific abdominal pain, 2.15 after mesenteric lymphadenitis, 2.52 after other diagnoses. After nonperforated appendicitis, there was an increased risk among women but not among men. Patients operated on before age 10 years had a low risk. Crohn's disease patients with a history of perforated appendicitis had a worse prognosis. 2 figures. 5 tables. 29 references. •

Prevalence of Appendectomy Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients and Their Relatives Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 13(10): 1231-1233. October 2001. Contact: Available from Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 241 Borough High Street, London SE1 1GB, UK 44(0)20-7940-7502. Fax: 44(0)20-7940-7574. Website: http://www.eurojgh.com/. Summary: It has been suggested that appendectomy (removal of the appendix) may protect against ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the incidences of appendectomy and UC in developed countries have diverged over the last 50 years, possibly as a consequence of environmental factors. This study was undertaken to determine whether the incidence of appendectomy is lower in patients with UC than in the general population. Patients with UC (n = 153), their relatives (n = 116), and members of the general population (n = 306) that had been matched for age, sex, and educational status were studied. Six percent of UC patients had undergone appendectomy. The corresponding figure for non family controls was 20 percent. The rate of appendectomy within families (cases plus siblings) was 17 of 269 patients (6.3 percent) and was similar to that for UC patients alone. A negative association between appendectomy and UC exists in our patients with UC. In addition, the appendectomy rate in families of UC patients was lower than that in the general population, possibly implying that common environmental and genetic factors could play an important role in the divergent incidences of appendicitis and UC over the last 50 years. 2 tables. 18 references.

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Factors Associated with Conversion to Laparotomy in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 193(3): 298-305. March 2002. Contact: Available from Journal of the American College of Surgeons. P.O. Box 2127, Marion, OH 43306-8227. (800) 214-8489 or (740) 382-3322. Fax (740) 382-5866. Summary: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been increasingly adopted for its advantages over the open technique, but there is a possibility of conversion to open appendectomy (OA) if complications occur or the extent of inflammation of the appendix prohibits successful dissection. This article reports on a study undertaken to identify the preoperative predictors for conversion from laparoscopic to open appendectomy. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 705 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for suspected appendicitis (inflamed appendix). LA was attempted in 595 patients by 25 different surgeons. Conversion to OA occurred in 58 of these 595 patients (9.7 percent). The most common reason for conversion was dense adhesions due to inflammation, followed by localized perforation and diffuse peritonitis. Based on 261 patients evaluated by CT scan preoperatively, significant factors associated with conversion to OA were age, diffuse tenderness on physical examination, and a surgeon with less experience. The presence of significant fat stranding associated with fluid accumulation, inflammatory mass, or localized abscess

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in CT scan also significantly increased the possibility of conversion. 5 tables. 38 references. •

Is Laparoscopic Appendectomy the New 'Gold Standard'? Source: Archives of Surgery. 130(7): 782-785. July 1995. Summary: This article reports on a study to determine the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy compared with open appendectomy in patients with acute appendicitis and to compare the morbidity between the two groups. The study consisted of prospective sampling of 102 patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis and a retrospective hospital chart review of 204 patients who underwent open appendectomy for acute appendicitis. The mean duration of surgery was 83 minutes in the laparoscopic group and 64 minutes in the open appendectomy group. Hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group. There was no difference in the complication rate between the two groups. The occurrence of postoperative ileus was correlated with the duration of operation, but not with laparoscopic appendectomy. The authors conclude that further investigation will likely establish that laparoscopic appendectomy can be considered the 'gold standard.' 2 tables. 37 references. (AA-M).

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Questions and Answers: Food Allergy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Elective Appendectomy During Abdominal Surgery Source: JAMA. Journal of American Medical Association. 265(13): 1736, 1738. April 3, 1991. Summary: This brief article, one of a regular series of questions and answers, addresses two issues of interest to digestive diseases professionals. The first exchange discusses the possible role of food allergy in triggering or exacerbating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The responding author discusses the difference between food allergy and IBS, mentions research support for this hypothesis, and concludes that food allergy as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBS is valid. The second exchange involves elective appendectomy during abdominal surgery. The responding author notes that there is little, if any, morbidity and that there is apparent benefit gained from incidental appendectomies, provided certain contraindications are taken into account. 7 references.

Federally Funded Research on Appendectomy The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to appendectomy. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to appendectomy. 2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore appendectomy. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for appendectomy: •

Project Title: FAILURE TIME METHODS FOR FAMILY DISEASE STUDIES Principal Investigator & Institution: Glidden, David V.; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of California San Francisco 500 Parnassus Ave San Francisco, Ca 941222747 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-APR-2001; Project End 31-MAR-2004 Summary: (Applicant's abstract) : The long-term objective of this research is the development of sound methodologies which will facilitate studying the role of both genetic and environmental factors in cardiovascular disease. The short term goal of the proposal is to develop statistical methods for age at onset data from population-based family studies of disease incidence. The methods for such studies must accommodate censoring, semi-parametric modeling and familial correlations. Further development is needed for methods which can model complex dependence structures and methods which can examine the fit of parametric dependence models to data. Accordingly, the specific aims of this proposal are development of: (1) a general strategy for evaluating the fit of parametric dependence models for familial clustering of ages at disease-onset; (2) a computationally simple method for genetic linkage analysis of age at onset data; (3) application and illustration of recently developed additive frailty models for complex familial dependence structures. Method (1) will be applied to a family study of cardiovascular disease and a twin study of appendectomy. Method (2) will be applied to ongoing genetic studies conducted at UCSF. Method (3) will be applied to a family study of coronary heart disease in Western Australia. Well-documented, user-friendly programs will be developed and made publicly available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: MEDICAL PROCEDURES

OUTCOMES

IN

THE

PRICING

OF

HOSPITAL

Principal Investigator & Institution: Dor, Avi; National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Ma 02138 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-1999; Project End 29-SEP-2004 Summary: This proposal utilizes economic models of pricing behavior to assess the effects of hospital quality on the prices of major medical hospital procedures. Hospital quality is defined in terms of medical outcomes, i.e., less-than-expected in-hospital mortality rates. We will focus on cardiac procedures such as CABG and PTCA. These are relatively expensive but common procedures that are also characterized by significant in-hospital mortality. The empirical specification of the price equation will be derived from a Nash-bargaining model that describes the hospital-insurer interaction. While this model had been recently used to describe appendectomy pricing, we undertake further extension to incorporate product quality. The empirical strategy will be based on instrumental variable (IV) techniques, subject to appropriate specification tests. Other than quality, prices will depend on variables representing hospital bargaining power (Herfindahl index, ownership, system affiliation), insurer bargaining power (HMO penetration, market share, type of plan) and patient and clinical traits that account for technical variations within a given procedure. Statistical identification of the model will be attained by instrumenting quality on hospital size (beds, days, etc.), procedure specific volume, and propensity to perform these procedures (teaching

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intensity, acute and intensive care days). Following earlier literature, hospital volume is expected to improve outcomes. Given our focus on price-informed institutional players, the main hypothesis to be tested states that higher prices reflect higher quality, holding market structure constant. We will further examine whether differences between managed care plans, such as PPOs, EPOs, and point-of-service HMOs, also lead to varying degrees of price discounting. Since emergency care is more likely to occur outside an insurer s network we will distinguish between procedure done on an emergent or elective basis. Finally, regional price variation will also be examined. The core data will be drawn from the inpatient component of the MarketScan claims database for 1995-1996, together with a complementary file with matching hospital level and patient level mortality rates. These data will be merged with data elements from MEDPAR, the AHA Annual Survey of Hospitals, and the Area Resource File. Data prior to 1995 will not be used because MarketScan had not yet included a detailed description of insurance plans. However, based on 1994 frequencies, final samples are expected to range from 900 to 2,400 per year, depending on the procedure and elective/emergency setting. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for appendectomy in the PubMed Central database: •

Disseminated Infection Due to Blastobacter denitrificans following Routine Appendectomy in an Adolescent. by Trotha R, Guenther G, Konig W, Konig B.; 2002 Sep; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=130731

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater 3 4

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with appendectomy, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for appendectomy (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of suture granuloma occurring 25 years after an appendectomy. Author(s): Ichimiya M, Hamamoto Y, Muto M. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 2003 August; 30(8): 634-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12928536

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A comparison of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Author(s): Tarnoff M, Atabek U, Goodman M, Alexander JB, Chrzanowski F, Mortman K, Camishon R, Pello M. Source: Jsls. 1998 April-June; 2(2): 153-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9876729

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A giant parietal wall hematoma: unusual complication of laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Bakshi GK, Agrawal S, Shetty SV. Source: Jsls. 2000 July-September; 4(3): 255-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10987406

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A meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Author(s): Temple LK, Litwin DE, McLeod RS. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1999 October; 42(5): 377-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10526524

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A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy. Author(s): Chung RS, Rowland DY, Li P, Diaz J. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1999 March; 177(3): 250-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10219865

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A patient with improvement of ulcerative colitis after appendectomy. Author(s): Okazaki K, Onodera H, Watanabe N, Nakase H, Uose S, Matsushita M, Kawanami C, Imamura M, Chiba T. Source: Gastroenterology. 2000 August; 119(2): 502-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10930385

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A plea for incidental appendectomy in pediatric patients with malignancy. Author(s): Steinberg R, Freud E, Yaniv I, Katz J, Zer M. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 1999 September-October; 16(5): 431-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10505319

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A simple scoring system to reduce intraabdominal septic complications after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Serralta A, Planells M, Bueno J, Rodero D. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2000 November; 14(11): 1028-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11116411

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A state-wide evaluation of appendectomy in children. Author(s): Kokoska ER, Murayama KM, Silen ML, Miller TA, Dillon PA, Weber TR. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1999 December; 178(6): 537-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10670867

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Antibiotic prophylaxis for appendectomy in children: critical appraisal. Author(s): Tonz M, Schmid P, Kaiser G. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2000 August; 24(8): 995-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10865047

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Appendectomy and appendicitis. Author(s): Meakins JL. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1999 April; 42(2): 90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10223068

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Appendectomy and the development of ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Mery CM, Carmona-Sanchez R, Suazo-Barahona J, Ponce-de Leon S, RoblesDiaz G. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2000 July; 95(7): 1850-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10926012

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Appendectomy and the development of ulcerative colitis: results of a metaanalysis of published case-control studies. Author(s): Koutroubakis IE, Vlachonikolis IG. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2000 January; 95(1): 171-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10638578

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Appendectomy as a consideration in operations for endometriosis. Author(s): Harper AJ, Soules MR. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2002 October; 79(1): 53-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12399097

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Appendectomy at the time of cesarean section. Author(s): Kraus SF, Abell RD, Schipul AH Jr. Source: J Okla State Med Assoc. 2003 September; 96(9): 431-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14520930

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Appendectomy during childhood and adolescence and the subsequent risk of cancer in Sweden. Author(s): Cope JU, Askling J, Gridley G, Mohr A, Ekbom A, Nyren O, Linet MS. Source: Pediatrics. 2003 June; 111(6 Pt 1): 1343-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12777551

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Appendectomy during pregnancy: a survey of two army medical activities. Author(s): Wittich AC, DeSantis RA, Lockrow EG. Source: Military Medicine. 1999 October; 164(10): 671-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10544617

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Appendectomy in adulthood and the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Author(s): Frisch M, Gridley G. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2002 October; 37(10): 1175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12408522

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Appendectomy in pregnancy and postpartum: analysis of data from a large private hospital. Author(s): Nunnelee JD, Musselman R, Spaner SD. Source: Clin Excell Nurse Pract. 1999 September; 3(5): 298-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10763629

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Appendectomy in Sweden 1989-1993 assessed by the Inpatient Registry. Author(s): Blomqvist P, Ljung H, Nyren O, Ekbom A. Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1998 October; 51(10): 859-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9762879

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Appendectomy in the pre- and postlaparoscopic eras. Author(s): Nguyen DB, Silen W, Hodin RA. Source: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 1999 January-February; 3(1): 67-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10457327

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Appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn's disease. Author(s): Andersson RE, Olaison G, Tysk C, Ekbom A. Source: Gastroenterology. 2003 January; 124(1): 40-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12512028

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Appendectomy protects against the development of ulcerative colitis but does not affect its course. Author(s): Selby WS, Griffin S, Abraham N, Solomon MJ. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2002 November; 97(11): 2834-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12425556

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Appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: casecontrolled study in Crete. Author(s): Koutroubakis IE, Vlachonikolis IG, Kapsoritakis A, Spanoudakis S, Roussomoustakaki M, Mouzas IA, Kouroumalis EA, Manousos ON. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1999 February; 42(2): 225-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10211500

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Appendiceal mucocele. Contraindication to laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Gonzalez Moreno S, Shmookler BM, Sugarbaker PH. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1998 September; 12(9): 1177-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9716778

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Appendiceal stump abscess as an early complication of laparoscopic appendectomy: report of a case. Author(s): Chikamori F, Kuniyoshi N, Shibuya S, Takase Y. Source: Surgery Today. 2002; 32(10): 919-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12376795

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Appendicitis after appendectomy: CT diagnosis. Author(s): Thomeer M, Vanbeckevoort D, Van Breuseghem I, Petre C, De Vuysere S, Coenegrachts K, Miserez M. Source: European Radiology. 2000; 10(4): 674-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10795553

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Appendicitis: selective use of abdominal CT reduces negative appendectomy rate. Author(s): DeArmond GM, Dent DL, Myers JG, Chopra S, Mumbower AL, Kumar A, Stewart RM. Source: Surgical Infections. 2003 Summer; 4(2): 213-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12906722

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Appendix retrieval after laparoscopic appendectomy: a safe and inexpensive technique. Author(s): Jain PK, Sedman P. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2003 October; 13(5): 322-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14571168

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Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and body fluid balance after bilateral atrial appendectomy by the maze procedure. Author(s): Yoshihara F, Nishikimi T, Kosakai Y, Isobe F, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Kawashima Y, Saito Y, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1998 August; 116(2): 213-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9699572

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Bacteremia due to Bacteroides fragilis after elective appendectomy in renal transplant recipients. Author(s): Fisher MC, Baluarte HJ, Long SS. Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1981 May; 143(5): 635-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7017018

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Bacteriology swabs during appendectomy: sample sites and transport media. Author(s): Gibson TC, Hood J, MacKinlay GA, Orr JD, Miles RS. Source: Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 1986 December; 31(6): 367-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3543320

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Balancing the normal appendectomy rate with the perforated appendicitis rate: implications for quality assurance. Author(s): Velanovich V, Satava R. Source: The American Surgeon. 1992 April; 58(4): 264-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1586087

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Bikini appendectomy incision as an alternative to the McBurney approach for appendicitis. Author(s): Temple WJ. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1990 October; 33(5): 343-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2224651

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Bilateral ureteral obstruction after appendectomy in children. Author(s): Hugen CA, Mulders PF, Monnens LA, Dijkman-Neerincx RH, de Vries JD. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1995 December; 30(12): 1666-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8749919

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Birth events, appendicitis, and appendectomy. Author(s): Eylon Y. Source: The British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1967 December; 40(4): 317-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5582759

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Caecocolic intussusception: a postoperative complication of appendectomy. A case report. Author(s): Nielsen KK, Rodenberg JC, Bloch AV. Source: Acta Chir Scand. 1986 March; 152: 231-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3716744

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Can negative appendectomy rate be decreased by using spiral computed tomography without contrast material? Author(s): Yetkin G, Basak M, Isgor A, Kebudi A, Akgun I. Source: Acta Chir Belg. 2002 October; 102(5): 334-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12471766

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Cancer risk following appendectomy for acute appendicitis (Denmark). Author(s): Mellemkjaer L, Johansen C, Linet MS, Gridley G, Olsen JH. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 1998 March; 9(2): 183-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9578295

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Capillary leak syndrome with massive intestinal edema after appendectomy. Author(s): Fishbein MC, State D, Hirose F, Castagna J. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1974 June; 127(6): 740-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4832143

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Cecal changes following appendectomy. Author(s): Ekberg O. Source: Gastrointest Radiol. 1977 August 18; 2(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=615803

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Cecal volvulus occurring after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): McIntosh SA, Ravichandran D, Wilmink AB, Baker A, Purushotham AD. Source: Jsls. 2001 October-December; 5(4): 317-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11719978

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Cecocutaneous fistula after remote appendectomy: case report. Author(s): Brown JA, Phang PT, Sullivan BJ, Mason AC. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 2000 February; 51(1): 20-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10711290

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Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy: 1955, 1965, and 1975. Author(s): Arnbjornsson E, Bengmark S, Brodin H, Lindgren B, Petersson BG, Sorbris R. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1983 September; 146(3): 342-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6614324

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Chlamydia trachomatis peritonitis and ascites following appendectomy. Author(s): Lannigan R, Hardy G, Tanton R, Marrie TJ. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1980 August 23; 123(4): 295-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7260772

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Choice of surgical incision for appendectomy during pregnancy. Author(s): McCubbin JH. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1981 February; 116(2): 251. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7469755

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Chronic right-lower-quadrant abdominal pain: is there a role for elective appendectomy? Author(s): Stevenson RJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1999 June; 34(6): 950-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10392911

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Cigarette smoking and appendectomy are risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Manguso F, Sanges M, Staiano T, Gargiulo S, Nastro P, Gargano D, Somma P, Mansueto G, Peluso R, Scarpa R, D'Armiento FP, Astarita C, Ayala F, Renda A, Mazzacca G, D'Arienzo A. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2004 February; 99(2): 327-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15046225

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Clip appendectomy. Author(s): Bellina JH, Lee FL. Source: J Reprod Med. 1989 July; 34(7): 475-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2504915

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Clostridial infection following appendectomy. Author(s): Greiner PM. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1973 May; 72(9): 909-12. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4488507

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Colonoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Gaylord SF. Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 1981 August; 27(3): 203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7297842

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Colonoscopic appendectomy. Report of two cases. Author(s): Enander LK, Gustavsson S. Source: Acta Chir Scand. 1979; 145(8): 575-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=539345

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Colonoscopic appendectomy: report of a case. Author(s): Vernava AM 3rd, Johnson FE. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1991 January; 34(1): 83-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1991427

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Combined preoperative antibiotic therapy and intraoperative topical povidoneiodine. Reduction of wound sepsis following emergency appendectomy. Author(s): Sherlock DJ, Ward A, Holl-Allen RT. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1984 August; 119(8): 909-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6378144

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Comparison of appendectomy at a Veterans Administration Medical Center and affiliated university hospital. Author(s): Nguyen BT, Nguyen BT, Thompson JS. Source: Nebr Med J. 1991 February; 76(2): 35-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2023664

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Complete two-handed laparoscopic appendectomy: report of 100 cases. Author(s): Chao C, Tsai CT, Wu WC. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1995 November; 94(11): 679-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8527975

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Complications of appendectomy. Author(s): Cooperman M. Source: The Surgical Clinics of North America. 1983 December; 63(6): 1233-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6359499

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Computed tomography of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following appendectomy. Author(s): Schmutz GR, Benko A, Billiard JS, Fournier L, Peron JM, Fisch-Ponsot C. Source: Abdominal Imaging. 1998 November-December; 23(6): 563-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9922185

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Concentrations of cefmetazole in plasma and tissue resulting from peri-incisional administration before appendectomy. Author(s): Rodriguez JR, Marino EL, Otero MJ, Commes JR, Garcia J, Rodriguez JM, Lozano F, Dominguez-Gil A, Alonso AG. Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1984 November; 26(5): 787-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6595964

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Cost-effective appendectomy. Open or laparoscopic? A prospective randomized study. Author(s): Heikkinen TJ, Haukipuro K, Hulkko A. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1998 October; 12(10): 1204-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9745057

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Cost-utility analysis of contaminated appendectomy wounds. Author(s): Brasel KJ, Borgstrom DC, Weigelt JA. Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 1997 January; 184(1): 23-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8989296

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Critical evaluation of appendectomy. Author(s): Mishra S, Shrivastava RB, Singh RJ. Source: J Indian Med Assoc. 1982 September; 79(5-6): 71-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7161499

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CT predictors of failed laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Siewert B, Raptopoulos V, Liu SI, Hodin RA, Davis RB, Rosen MP. Source: Radiology. 2003 November; 229(2): 415-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14595145

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Current status of laparoscopic appendectomy in children. Author(s): Blakely ML, Spurbeck W, Lakshman S, Lobe TE. Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 1998 June; 10(3): 315-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9716896

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Current status of laparoscopic appendectomy in children. Author(s): Blakely ML, Spurbeck WW, Lobe TE. Source: Semin Pediatr Surg. 1998 November; 7(4): 225-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9840903

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Current status of laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): McKinlay R, Mastrangelo MJ Jr. Source: Current Surgery. 2003 September-October; 60(5): 506-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14972215

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Decreased incidence of post-appendectomy wound abscesses due to local application of ampicillin. Author(s): Hoogbergen JA. Source: Arch Chir Neerl. 1973; 25(1): 19-25. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4694064

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Delayed appendectomy for appendicitis: causes and consequences. Author(s): Von Titte SN, McCabe CJ, Ottinger LW. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1996 November; 14(7): 620-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8906756

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Deriving the indications for laparoscopic appendectomy from a comparison of the outcomes of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Author(s): Maxwell JG, Robinson CL, Maxwell TG, Maxwell BG, Smith CR, Brinker CC. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 2001 December; 182(6): 687-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11839339

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Development of right inguinal hernia after appendectomy. Author(s): Arnbjornsson E. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1982 January; 143(1): 174-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7053650

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Diagnostic laparoscopy through the right lower abdominal incision following open appendectomy. Author(s): Schrenk P, Rieger R, Shamiyeh A, Wayand W. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1999 February; 13(2): 133-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9918613

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Discussion on appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn's disease. Author(s): Silen W. Source: Gastroenterology. 2003 September; 125(3): 997; Author Reply 997. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12974265

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Disseminated infection due to Blastobacter denitrificans following routine appendectomy in an adolescent. Author(s): Trotha R, Guenther G, Konig W, Konig B. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2002 September; 40(9): 3538-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12202615

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Do appendectomy and tonsillectomy reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Author(s): Koumantaki Y, Giziaki E, Kaklamani E. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1997 June; 24(6): 1241-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9195547

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Does appendectomy predispose to inguinal hernia? A retrospective study and electrophysiological investigations. Author(s): Orda R, Wiznitzer T, Solzi P, Najenson T, Papa M. Source: The American Surgeon. 1974 June; 40(6): 349-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4275293

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Does appendectomy reduce the risk of ulcerative colitis? Author(s): Hallas J, Gaist D, Sorensen HT. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2004 March; 15(2): 173-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15127909

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Early appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children should not be abandoned. Author(s): Bennion RS, Thompson JE Jr. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1987 August; 165(2): 95-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3603350

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Early appendectomy versus an interval appendectomy for appendiceal abscess in children. Author(s): Handa N, Muramori K, Taguchi S. Source: Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 1997 December; 88(12): 389-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9465479

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Early experience with laparoscopic appendectomy in women. Author(s): Schreiber JH. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1987; 1(4): 211-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2970683

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Early laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicular mass. Author(s): Senapathi PS, Bhattacharya D, Ammori BJ. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2002 December; 16(12): 1783-5. Epub 2002 June 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12073001

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Early postoperative ileus following appendectomy. Author(s): Skacel V, Loveckova J. Source: Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 1986; 114: 313-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2946189

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Effect of cross-sectional imaging on negative appendectomy and perforation rates in children. Author(s): Applegate KE, Sivit CJ, Salvator AE, Borisa VJ, Dudgeon DL, Stallion AE, Grisoni ER. Source: Radiology. 2001 July; 220(1): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11425980

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Effect of incidental appendectomy on the development of wound infection in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Morris DM. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1987 October; 154(4): 462. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3661853

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Effect of incidental appendectomy on the development of wound infection in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Morris DM, Coker DD, Coleman JJ, Wiernik PH, Elias EG. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1987 February; 153(2): 226-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3812898

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Effect of right atrial appendectomy on the release of atrial natriuretic hormone. Author(s): Omari BO, Nelson RJ, Robertson JM. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1991 August; 102(2): 272-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1830916

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Effect of ultrasonography and optional computed tomography on the outcome of appendectomy. Author(s): van Breda Vriesman AC, Kole BJ, Puylaert JB. Source: European Radiology. 2003 October; 13(10): 2278-82. Epub 2003 July 05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12845461

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Elective appendectomy at salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy: is it desirable? Author(s): Onuigbo WI. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 April; 49(4): 435-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=854245

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Elective appendectomy during abdominal surgery. Author(s): Gilstrap LC 3rd. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1991 April 3; 265(13): 1736, 1738. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2002579

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Elective appendectomy for appendiceal calculus. Author(s): Copeland EM, Long JM 3rd. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1970 March; 130(3): 439-42. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5413427

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Elective appendectomy with abdominal and pelvic surgery. Author(s): Waters EG. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 November; 50(5): 511-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=909654

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Elective interval appendectomy for recurrent right lower quandrant pain. Should the asymptomatic patient have surgery? Author(s): Abatso GW. Source: Imj Ill Med J. 1972 August; 142(2): 131-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4403770

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Elective laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Author(s): Reissman P, Durst AL, Rivkind A, Szold A, Ben-Chetrit E. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1994 January-February; 18(1): 139-41; Discussion 1412. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8197770

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Emergency appendectomy in a patient with Eisenmenger's syndrome. Author(s): Takahata O, Usui T, Ogawa H. Source: Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi. 1998 January; 73(1): 47-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9546146

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Endocoagulator control of the mesoappendix for laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Mohsen AA. Source: J Laparoendosc Surg. 1994 December; 4(6): 435-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7881148

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Endoscopic appendectomy for a carcinoid tumor of the appendix. Author(s): Cipolletta L, Bianco MA, Rotondano G. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2001 March; 96(3): 929-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11280591

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Endoscopic appendectomy in a case of appendicular intussusception due to endometriosis, mimicking a cecal polyp. Author(s): Sriram PV, Seitz U, Soehendra N, Schroeder S. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2000 June; 95(6): 1594-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10894612

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Endoscopic appendectomy in childhood--technical aspects. Author(s): Kellnar S, Trammer A, Till H, Lochbuhler H. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1994 December; 4(6): 3413. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7748833

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Endoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Semm K. Source: Endoscopy. 1983 March; 15(2): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6221925

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Endoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Wirtschafter SK, Kaufman H. Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 1976 February; 22(3): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1248719

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Endoscopic management of a retrogastric abscess complicating laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Rey JF, Budzynska A. Source: Endoscopy. 1998 August; 30(6): S69-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9746175

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Evidence of an inflammatory pathologic condition in "normal" appendices following emergency appendectomy. Author(s): Nemeth L, Reen DJ, O'Briain DS, McDermott M, Puri P. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2001 June; 125(6): 759-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11371227

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Exploratory laparoscopy: a crucial advantage of laparoscopic over standard appendectomy. Author(s): Reissman P, Gofrit O, Rivkind A. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1994 May; 87(5): 576. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8178216

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Extraction of the appendix after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Jain PK. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2002 December; 12(6): 453; Author Reply 453. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12496558

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Factors associated with conversion to laparotomy in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Liu SI, Siewert B, Raptopoulos V, Hodin RA. Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2002 March; 194(3): 298-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11893133

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Factors governing complication rates after appendectomy. Author(s): Kallinowski F, Buhr H. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1992 March-April; 16(2): 365. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1561826

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Fatal acute dissection of the right hepatic artery after appendectomy. Author(s): Larson CJ, Geier GR Jr, Edwards WD. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1987 March; 111(3): 300-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3827536

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Fecal fistula following appendectomy in Crohn's disease. Author(s): Childress MH. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1983 December; 75(12): 1167-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6655718

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Femoral nerve entrapment following appendectomy. Author(s): Wechselberger G, Schoeller T, Kiechl S, Lille S, Piza-Katzer H. Source: Surgery. 2000 January; 127(1): 115. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10660770

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Femoral nerve injury following appendectomy. Case report. Author(s): Kourtopoulos H. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 1982 November; 57(5): 714-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7131077

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Fertility and long-term complications four to nine years after appendectomy during pregnancy. Author(s): Viktrup L, Hee P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1998 August; 77(7): 746-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9740523

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Financial considerations in laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Author(s): Oldham KT. Source: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2004 January; 158(1): 11-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14706949

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Gas gangrene of abdominal wall after appendectomy. Author(s): Roesel RW, O'Sullivan DD, Baffes TG. Source: Imj Ill Med J. 1969 November; 136(5): 580-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4393541

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Gonadoblastomas in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis: the significance of intra-abdominal exploration during appendectomy. Author(s): Schulze S, Muller J, Rosenkilde P. Source: The British Journal of Surgery. 1986 January; 73(1): 42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3947873

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Guidelines for therapeutic decision in incidental appendectomy. Author(s): Fisher KS, Ross DS. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990 July; 171(1): 95-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2193415

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Gynecologically indicated single-endoloop laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Popp LW. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 1998 August; 5(3): 275-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9668150

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Helicobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing appendectomy. Author(s): Pavlidis TE, Atmatzidis KS, Papaziogas BT, Souparis A, Koutelidakis IM, Papaziogas TB. Source: Swiss Surg. 2002; 8(3): 110-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12125333

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Hemiplegia--an unusual complication of appendectomy. A case report. Author(s): McCormick MV, Heydenrych JJ, Le Roux JL. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1987 June 20; 71(12): 790-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3603274

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Hiding the scars of an appendectomy. New method of port placement. Author(s): Yarish D, McKenney M, Sleeman D, Martin L, Desai U. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1997 October; 11(10): 1055-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9381349

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High negative appendectomy rates are no longer acceptable. Author(s): Colson M, Skinner KA, Dunnington G. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1997 December; 174(6): 723-6; Discussion 726-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9409605

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Histopathologic analysis of interval appendectomy specimens: support for the role of interval appendectomy. Author(s): Mazziotti MV, Marley EF, Winthrop AL, Fitzgerald PG, Walton M, Langer JC. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 June; 32(6): 806-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9200074

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Histopathology of interval (delayed) appendectomy specimens: strong association with granulomatous and xanthogranulomatous appendicitis. Author(s): Guo G, Greenson JK. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 2003 August; 27(8): 1147-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12883248

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History of tonsillectomy and appendectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Gledovic Z, Radovanovic Z. Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 1991 November; 7(6): 612-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1783053

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Hospital medical staff organization and quality of care: results for myocardial infarction and appendectomy. Author(s): Shortell SM, LoGerfo JP. Source: Medical Care. 1981 October; 19(10): 1041-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7311636

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Hospital-insurer bargaining: an empirical investigation of appendectomy pricing. Author(s): Brooks JM, Dor A, Wong HS. Source: Journal of Health Economics. 1997 August; 16(4): 417-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10169099

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How many days of hospitalization for an appendectomy? Author(s): Martinez-Mas E, Peiro S, Meneu R, Rosello-Perez ML, Portella E. Source: International Journal for Quality in Health Care : Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care / Isqua. 1994 December; 6(4): 347-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7719670

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Imaging before appendectomy. Author(s): Reid SR, Losek JD. Source: Pediatrics. 2003 December; 112(6 Pt 1): 1461-2; Author Reply 1461-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14654636

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Imaging for suspected appendicitis: negative appendectomy and perforation rates. Author(s): Bendeck SE, Nino-Murcia M, Berry GJ, Jeffrey RB Jr. Source: Radiology. 2002 October; 225(1): 131-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12354996

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Incidental appendectomy during gynecological surgery. Author(s): Lynch CB, Sinha P, Jalloh S. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1997 December; 59(3): 261-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9486520

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Incidental appendectomy during radical cystectomy: an interdepartmental survey and review of the literature. Author(s): Neulander EZ, Hawke CK, Soloway MS. Source: Urology. 2000 August 1; 56(2): 241-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10925086

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Incidental appendectomy during urological surgery. Author(s): Leibovitch I, Rowland RG, Goldwasser B, Donohue JP. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1995 September; 154(3): 1110-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7637055

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Incidental appendectomy in the symptomatic patient. Author(s): Nance ML. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2003 March; 138(3): 343. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12611585

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Incidental appendectomy--yes or no? A retrospective case study and review of the literature. Author(s): Snyder TE, Selanders JR. Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998; 6(1): 30-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9678145

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Incidental laparoscopic appendectomy for acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Its time has come. Author(s): Greason KL, Rappold JF, Liberman MA. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1998 March; 12(3): 223-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9502700

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Infected hydrocele following laparoscopic appendectomy: case report. Author(s): Lantsberg L, Mor I, Levy I, Khoda J. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy. 1997 June; 7(3): 262. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9194292

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Influence of preoperative computed tomography on patients undergoing appendectomy. Author(s): McDonald GP, Pendarvis DP, Wilmoth R, Daley BJ. Source: The American Surgeon. 2001 November; 67(11): 1017-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11730216

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Injury of the ovarian vein during appendectomy. Author(s): Samel ST. Source: Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 July-August; 50(52): 2 P Preceding I. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14531410

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In-line image projection accelerates task performance in laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Erfanian K, Luks FI, Kurkchubasche AG, Wesselhoeft CW Jr, Tracy TF Jr. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2003 July; 38(7): 1059-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12861539

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Interval appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children. Author(s): Bufo AJ, Shah RS, Li MH, Cyr NA, Hollabaugh RS, Hixson SD, Schropp KP, Lasater OE, Joyner RE, Lobe TE. Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 1998 August; 8(4): 209-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9755912

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Interval appendectomy in the laparoscopic era. Author(s): Befeler D. Source: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2000 March-April; 4(2): 223. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10885961

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Interval appendectomy in the laparoscopic era. Author(s): Nguyen DB, Silen W, Hodin RA. Source: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 1999 March-April; 3(2): 189-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10457345

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Intestinal obstruction after appendectomy. Author(s): Riber C, Soe K, Jorgensen T, Tonnesen H. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997 November; 32(11): 1125-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9399393

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Intraabdominal abscess following open and laparoscopic appendectomy in the pediatric population. Author(s): McKinlay R, Neeleman S, Klein R, Stevens K, Greenfeld J, Ghory M, Cosentino C. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2003 May; 17(5): 730-3. Epub 2003 March 07. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12618939

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Introduction of appendiceal CT: impact on negative appendectomy and appendiceal perforation rates. Author(s): Rao PM, Rhea JT, Rattner DW, Venus LG, Novelline RA. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1999 March; 229(3): 344-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10077046

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Is appendectomy a causative factor in ulcerative colitis? Author(s): Russel MG, Stockbrugger RW. Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1998 June; 10(6): 455-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9855058

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Is incidental appendectomy necessary during radical cystectomy? Author(s): Gupta NP, Nabi G, Hemal AK, Dogra PN, Seth A, Aron M. Source: Urologia Internationalis. 2002; 69(3): 181-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12372884

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Is interval appendectomy necessary after rupture of an appendiceal mass? Author(s): Ein SH, Shandling B. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1996 June; 31(6): 849-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8783121

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Is it justified to obtain routine peritoneal fluid cultures during appendectomy in children? Author(s): Celik A, Ergun O, Ozcan C, Aldemir H, Balik E. Source: Pediatric Surgery International. 2003 November; 19(9-10): 632-4. Epub 2003 November 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14614631

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Is laparoscopic appendectomy useful for the treatment of acute appendicitis in Korea? A meta-analysis. Author(s): Kim CB, Kim MS, Hong JH, Lee HY, Yu SH. Source: Yonsei Medical Journal. 2004 February 29; 45(1): 7-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15004862

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Is wound infiltration with anesthetic effective as pre-emptive analgesia? A clinical trial in appendectomy patients. Author(s): Willard PT, Blair NP. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1997 June; 40(3): 213-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9194783

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Klion in the prevention of early complications following appendectomy. Author(s): Hajkova H, Prichlik M, Bartova M, Brezinova L, Hatala M. Source: Ther Hung. 1991; 39(1): 25-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1858071

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Kurt Semm and the fight against skepticism: endoscopic hemostasis, laparoscopic appendectomy, and Semm's impact on the "laparoscopic revolution". Author(s): Litynski GS. Source: Jsls. 1998 July-September; 2(3): 309-13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9876762

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Laparoscope-assisted appendectomy in children: the two-trocar technique. Author(s): Valioulis I, Hameury F, Dahmani L, Levard G. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2001 December; 11(6): 3914. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11807668

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Laparoscopic "radical appendectomy" is an effective alternative to endoscopic removal of cecal polyps. Author(s): Adrales GL, Harold KL, Matthews BD, Sing RF, Kercher KW, Heniford BT. Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 2002 December; 12(6): 449-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12590728

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Laparoscopic appendectomy for simple and perforated appendicitis in children: the procedure of choice? Author(s): Canty TG Sr, Collins D, Losasso B, Lynch F, Brown C. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 November; 35(11): 1582-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11083428

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Laparoscopic appendectomy in an outpatient setting. Author(s): Zinaman MJ, Russell A, Sukhani R, Uhler ML. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2003 November; 10(4): 478-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14738632

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Laparoscopic appendectomy in children: technically feasible and safe in all stages of acute appendicitis. Author(s): Vegunta RK, Ali A, Wallace LJ, Switzer DM, Pearl RH. Source: The American Surgeon. 2004 March; 70(3): 198-201; Discussion 201-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15055841

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Laparoscopic appendectomy in the elderly. Author(s): Guller U, Jain N, Peterson ED, Muhlbaier LH, Eubanks S, Pietrobon R. Source: Surgery. 2004 May; 135(5): 479-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15118584

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Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in children: another opinion. Author(s): Lee CH, Lin YL. Source: Int Surg. 2003 April-June; 88(2): 92-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12872902

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Laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Agarwala N, Liu CY. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2003 May; 10(2): 166-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12732765

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Laparoscopic appendectomy: a gynecological approach. Author(s): Ghezzi F, Raio L, Mueller MD, Franchi M. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2003 August; 13(4): 257-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12960789

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Laparoscopic appendectomy: An unnecessary and expensive procedure in children? Author(s): Little DC, Custer MD, May BH, Blalock SE, Cooney DR. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2002 March; 37(3): 310-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11877640

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Laparoscopic appendectomy: why it should be done. Author(s): Agresta F, De Simone P, Michelet I, Bedin N. Source: Jsls. 2003 October-December; 7(4): 347-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14626402

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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy in situs inversus totalis. Author(s): Djohan RS, Rodriguez HE, Wiesman IM, Unti JA, Podbielski FJ. Source: Jsls. 2000 July-September; 4(3): 251-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10987405

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Laparoscopic interval appendectomy for periappendicular abscess. Author(s): Mat Sain AH. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2001 October; 15(10): 1247-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11727129

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Laparoscopic interval appendectomy for periappendicular abscess. Author(s): Lidar Z, Kuriansky J, Rosin D, Shabtai M, Ayalon A. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2000 August; 14(8): 764-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10954826

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Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective comparative study of 227 patients. Author(s): Marzouk M, Khater M, Elsadek M, Abdelmoghny A. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2003 May; 17(5): 721-4. Epub 2003 March 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12616393

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Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: between evidence and common sense. Author(s): Eypasch E, Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer EA. Source: Digestive Surgery. 2002; 19(6): 518-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12499748

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Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: outcomes comparison based on a large administrative database. Author(s): Guller U, Hervey S, Purves H, Muhlbaier LH, Peterson ED, Eubanks S, Pietrobon R. Source: Annals of Surgery. 2004 January; 239(1): 43-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14685099

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Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: results of a retrospective comparison in an Israeli hospital. Author(s): Peiser JG, Greenberg D. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 February; 4(2): 91-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11875999

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Laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy in children: the two-trocar technique. Author(s): Ng WT. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2002 October; 12(5): 354-5; Author Reply 356. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12469268

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Left atrial appendectomy and maze. Author(s): Bonanomi G, Zenati MA, Schwartzman D. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 January 1; 41(1): 170; Author Reply 170-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12570963

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Macular anetoderma in an appendectomy site. Author(s): Dupre A. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1977 November; 113(11): 1612. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=931409

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MALTectomy (appendectomy/tonsillectomy) does not influence the occurrence or mode of presentation of adult celiac disease. Author(s): O'Gorman P, Bennett D, Kavanagh E, Twohig LB, O'Sullivan GC, O'Regan P, Shanahan F. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1996 April; 91(4): 723-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8677937

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Mechanical small bowel obstruction from a loose linear cutter staple after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Nottingham JM. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2002 August; 12(4): 289-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12193829

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Mechanical small-bowel obstruction after conventional appendectomy in children. Author(s): Ahlberg G, Bergdahl S, Rutqvist J, Soderquist C, Frenckner B. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1997 February; 7(1): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9085802

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Medicosurgical negligence in appendectomy. Author(s): Ficarra BJ. Source: Leg Med Annu. 1977; : 63-81. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=593046

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Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Author(s): Garbutt JM, Soper NJ, Shannon WD, Botero A, Littenberg B. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy. 1999 January; 9(1): 17-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9950122

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Minilaparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Matthews BD, Mostafa G, Harold KL, Kercher KW, Reardon PR, Heniford BT. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2001 December; 11(6): 351-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11822857

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Minilaparoscopic cystectomy and appendectomy in late second trimester. Author(s): Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, Soong YK. Source: Jsls. 2002 October-December; 6(4): 373-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12500839

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Mini-laparoscopic versus laparoscopic approach to appendectomy. Author(s): Mostafa G, Matthews BD, Sing RF, Kercher KW, Heniford BT. Source: Bmc Surgery [electronic Resource]. 2001; 1(1): 4. Epub 2001 October 31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11716795

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Modified laparoscopic appendectomy in surgery. A report on 388 operations. Author(s): Gotz F, Pier A, Bacher C. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1990; 4(1): 6-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2138363

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Morbidity of appendectomy in patients with acute salpingitis. Author(s): Thal ER, Guzzetta PC, Krupski WC, Jones RC. Source: The American Surgeon. 1977 June; 43(6): 403-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=869332

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More on prophylaxis with aztreonam plus metronidazole during appendectomy. Author(s): Janning SW, Arora V. Source: Am J Hosp Pharm. 1994 September 1; 51(17): 2210. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7985705

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Mortality after appendectomy in Sweden, 1987-1996. Author(s): Blomqvist PG, Andersson RE, Granath F, Lambe MP, Ekbom AR. Source: Annals of Surgery. 2001 April; 233(4): 455-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11303128

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Mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma presenting 5 years after appendectomy. Author(s): Thompson MA, Ashton RW, Pitot HC. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004 April 20; 140(8): W33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15096365

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Mucinous cystadenoma of the cecum missed at laparoscopic appendectomy. Pitfalls in laparoscopy. Author(s): Shayani V. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1999 December; 13(12): 1236-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10594274

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Natural history of incidental appendectomy in patients with Crohn's disease who required subsequent bowel resection. Author(s): Simonowitz DA, Rusch VW, Stevenson JK. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1982 January; 143(1): 171-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7053649

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Needlescopic appendectomy as a routine procedure: "Just because you can?" or "Just because you cannot?". Author(s): Ng WT, Kong CK, Tse S, Hui SK, Sze YS. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2002 August; 12(4): 301-2; Author Reply 302-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12193832

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Needlescopic appendectomy. Author(s): Chock A, Seslar S, Stoopen E, Tristan A, Hashish H, Gonzalez JJ, Franklin ME Jr. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2003 September; 17(9): 1451-3. Epub 2003 June 19. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12811662

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Needlescopic, laparoscopic, and open appendectomy: a comparative study. Author(s): Huang MT, Wei PL, Wu CC, Lai IR, Chen RJ, Lee WJ. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 2001 October; 11(5): 306-12. Erratum In: Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2002 August; 12(4): Following Table of Contents. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11668227

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Negative feelings about negative appendectomy. Author(s): Witte CL. Source: Ariz Med. 1984 July; 41(7): 480. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6477157

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Negative findings at appendectomy. Author(s): Lau WY, Fan ST, Yiu TF, Chu KW, Wong SH. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1984 September; 148(3): 375-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6476229

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Nisseria infection in an appendectomy incision. Author(s): MacDonald AS, Johnson JC. Source: N S Med Bull. 1973 February; 52(1): 22. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4632529

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Nutritional assessment and postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing emergency appendectomy. Author(s): Arnbjornsson E. Source: Current Surgery. 1985 November-December; 42(6): 457-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4075831

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Omentectomy, peritoneal biopsy and appendectomy in patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma. Author(s): Saygili U, Kavaz S, Altunyurt S, Uslu T, Koyuncuoglu M, Erten O. Source: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer : Official Journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society. 2001 November-December; 11(6): 471-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11906551

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On the inversion technique of incidental appendectomy. Author(s): Lilly JR, Randolph JG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1973 December; 8(6): 887. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4785561

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One-puncture laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Ng PC. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy. 1997 February; 7(1): 22-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9116941

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One-trocar appendectomy in pediatric surgery. Author(s): Esposito C. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1998 February; 12(2): 177-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9479738

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One-trocar appendectomy. Author(s): Rispoli G, Armellino MF, Esposito C. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2002 May; 16(5): 833-5. Epub 2002 February 08. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11997832

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One-trocar transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy in children: our experience. Author(s): D'Alessio A, Piro E, Tadini B, Beretta F. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2002 February; 12(1): 24-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11967755

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Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy in children: a comparison of complications. Author(s): Paya K, Fakhari M, Rauhofer U, Felberbauer FX, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Source: Jsls. 2000 April-June; 4(2): 121-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10917118

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Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Herman J, Duda M, Lovecek M, Svach I. Source: Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 September-October; 50(53): 1419-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14571752

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Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. A prospective randomized comparison. Author(s): Martin LC, Puente I, Sosa JL, Bassin A, Breslaw R, McKenney MG, Ginzburg E, Sleeman D. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1995 September; 222(3): 256-61; Discussion 261-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7677456

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Ornidazole and anaerobic bacteria: in vitro sensitivity and effects on wound infections after appendectomy. Author(s): Palmu A, Renkonen OV, Aromaa U. Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1979 May; 139(5): 586-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=220342

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Outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Jain A, Mercado PD, Grafton KP, Dorazio RA. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1995 April; 9(4): 424-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7660268

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Pediatric appendectomy. Author(s): Pearl RH, Hale DA, Molloy M, Schutt DC, Jaques DP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1995 February; 30(2): 173-8; Discussion 178-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7738734

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Pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Author(s): Vernon AH, Georgeson KE, Harmon CM. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2004 January; 18(1): 75-9. Epub 2003 November 21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14625753

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Pelvic abscess following laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Frizelle FA, Hanna GB. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1996 September; 10(9): 947-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8703161

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Pitfalls in nonrandomized outcomes studies. The case of incidental appendectomy with open cholecystectomy. Author(s): Wen SW, Hernandez R, Naylor CD. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1995 December 6; 274(21): 1687-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7474273

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Pneumoappendix after an inversion appendectomy: an unreported radiologic finding. Author(s): Barone GW, Carter TC, Hudec WA. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1997 December; 90(12): 1250-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9404917

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Port placement for laparoscopic appendectomy with the best cosmesis and ergonomics. Author(s): Ng WT, Sze SY, Hui SK. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2003 January; 17(1): 166-7. Epub 2002 October 29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12571743

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Post-appendectomy wound infection, a solved problem? Author(s): van der Werken C, Stassen LP, van Vroonhoven JM. Source: Neth J Surg. 1989 October; 41(5): 100-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2586807

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Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and increased rates of cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Author(s): Mamdani MM, Tu K, van Walraven C, Austin PC, Naylor CD. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2000 May 16; 162(10): 1421-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10834045

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Postrenal anuria after appendectomy in childhood. Author(s): Timm K, Illi OE, Leumann E, Stauffer UG. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1997 August; 7(4): 237-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9297521

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Preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing appendectomy. Author(s): Ko CY, Thompson JE Jr, Alcantara A, Hiyama D. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1997 August; 132(8): 874-7; Discussion 877-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9267272

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Pre-operative shaving and wound infection in appendectomy. Author(s): Rojanapirom S, Danchaivijitr S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1992 March; 75 Suppl 2: 20-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1402495

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Prevalence of appendectomy among ulcerative colitis patients and their relatives. Author(s): Lopez-Ramos D, Gabriel R, Cantero-Perona J, Moreno-Otero R, Jones EA, Mate-Jimenez J. Source: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2001 October; 13(10): 12313. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11711781

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Prevalence of appendectomy in Japanese families. Author(s): Hiraiwa H, Umemoto M, Take H. Source: Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1995 December; 37(6): 691-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8775552

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Prevalence of previous appendectomy among patients needing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Author(s): Minocha A, Mesiya SA, Raczkowski CA, Richards RJ. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1999 January; 92(1): 41-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9932825

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Preventing infection of the incision after appendectomy by using metronidazole preoperatively to infiltrate tissues at the incision. Author(s): Shubing W, Litian Z. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1997 October; 174(4): 422-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9337167

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Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic appendectomy in women with chronic right lower quadrant pain. Author(s): AlSalilli M, Vilos GA. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 1995 February; 2(2): 139-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9050547

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Prospective randomized comparison of open versus laparoscopic appendectomy in men. Author(s): Cox MR, McCall JL, Toouli J, Padbury RT, Wilson TG, Wattchow DA, Langcake M. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1996 March-April; 20(3): 263-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8661828

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Protective effect of appendectomy on the development of ulcerative colitis: matched, case-control study. Author(s): Dijkstra B, Bagshaw PF, Frizelle FA. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1999 March; 42(3): 334-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10223752

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Psychologic preparation program for children undergoing acute appendectomy. Author(s): Edwinson M, Arnbjornsson E, Ekman R. Source: Pediatrics. 1988 July; 82(1): 30-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2837721

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Randomized, single-blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: effects on postoperative analgesia. Author(s): Lejus C, Delile L, Plattner V, Baron M, Guillou S, Heloury Y, Souron R. Source: Anesthesiology. 1996 April; 84(4): 801-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8638833

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Recurrent abdominal pain due to appendiceal obstruction and its relief by appendectomy. Author(s): Donnellan W. Source: S D J Med. 1988 March; 41(3): 25-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3358110

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Recurrent appendicitis after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Wright TE, Diaco JF. Source: Int Surg. 1994 July-September; 79(3): 251-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7883507

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Recurrent appendicitis following laparoscopic appendectomy. Report of a case. Author(s): Devereaux DA, McDermott JP, Caushaj PF. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1994 July; 37(7): 719-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8026239

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Reducing negative appendectomy: evaluation of ultrasonography and computer tomography in acute appendicitis. Author(s): Styrud J, Josephson T, Eriksson S. Source: International Journal for Quality in Health Care : Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care / Isqua. 2000 February; 12(1): 65-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10733085

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Reiter's syndrome and recurrent peritonitis after appendectomy. Author(s): Weisman LF, Hebert JC, Cooper SM. Source: Surgery. 1987 April; 101(4): 508-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3563899

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Relationship between anamnestic evidence of appendectomy and onset and clinical course of Crohn's disease. Author(s): Caserta L, de Filippo FR, Riegler G. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2002 January; 97(1): 207-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11811167

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Remedying an intriguing complication of laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Ng WT, Cheng PW. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy. 1998 October; 8(5): 405-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9799160

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Removal of retained lead shot through laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Sian PS, Lloyd DM. Source: Jsls. 2003 April-June; 7(2): 181-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12856854

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Residual appendicitis following incomplete laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Marcoen S, Onghena T, Van Loon C, Vereecken L. Source: Acta Chir Belg. 2003 October; 103(5): 517-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14653041

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Residual appendicitis following incomplete laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Marcoen S, Onghena T, Van Loon C, Vereecken L. Source: Acta Chir Belg. 1999 February; 99(1): 39-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10090963

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Residual appendicitis following incomplete laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Somerville PG, Lavelle MA. Source: The British Journal of Surgery. 1996 June; 83(6): 869. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8696765

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Results of urgent appendectomy for right lower quadrant tenderness. Author(s): Young DV. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1989 April; 157(4): 428-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2929867

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Retained fecalith after laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Strathern DW, Jones BT. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1999 March; 13(3): 287-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10064768

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Retrograde laparoscopic appendectomy: report of a case. Author(s): Schultz LS, Pietrafitta JJ, Graber JN, Hickok DF. Source: J Laparoendosc Surg. 1991; 1(2): 111-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1834257

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Rheumatoid arthritis is not associated with prior tonsillectomy or appendectomy. Author(s): Moens HB, Corstjens A, Boon C. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1994 September; 13(3): 483-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7835014

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Role of access trauma in appendectomy. Author(s): Ng CS, Wan S, Yim AP, Darzi A. Source: Surgery. 2002 January; 131(1): 119-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11812976

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Role of appendectomy and tonsillectomy in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Minocha A, Raczkowski CA. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1997 July; 42(7): 1567-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9246064

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Role of appendectomy in predicting lymph node metastases in patients with ovarian cancer. Author(s): Takac I. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2000 February; 88(2): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10690675

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Routine appendectomy in extensive gynecologic operations. Author(s): Westermann C, Mann WJ, Chumas J, Rochelson B, Stone ML. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1986 April; 162(4): 307-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3961652

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Safety of incidental appendectomy. Author(s): Strom PR, Turkleson ML, Stone HH. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1983 June; 145(6): 819-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6859420

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Sequelae of appendectomy, with special reference to intra-abdominal adhesions, chronic abdominal pain, and infertility. Author(s): Lehmann-Willenbrock E, Mecke H, Riedel HH. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1990; 29(4): 241-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2361629

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Shortening hospitalization after appendectomy in children. Author(s): Nakayama DK, Taylor LA. Source: N C Med J. 1998 March-April; 59(2): 123-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9558903

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Should a laparoscopic appendectomy be done? Author(s): Fallahzadeh H. Source: The American Surgeon. 1998 March; 64(3): 231-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9520812

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Should laparoscopic appendectomy be avoided for complicated appendicitis in children? Author(s): Horwitz JR, Custer MD, May BH, Mehall JR, Lally KP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1997 November; 32(11): 1601-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9396535

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Simple ligation vs stump inversion in appendectomy. Author(s): Rubio PA. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1988 December; 123(12): 1526. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3190436

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Simple ligation vs stump inversion in appendectomy. Author(s): Street D, Bodai BI, Owens LJ, Moore DB, Walton CB, Holcroft JW. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1988 June; 123(6): 689-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3285806

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Simultaneous appendectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy could be beneficial. Author(s): Ofili OP. Source: Ethiop Med J. 1991 January; 29(1): 37-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2001688

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Single-dose cefotetan or cefoxitin versus multiple-dose cefoxitin as prophylaxis in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute nonperforated appendicitis. Author(s): Liberman MA, Greason KL, Frame S, Ragland JJ. Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 1995 January; 180(1): 77-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8000659

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Single-dose intrarectal metronidazole prophylaxis against wound infection after appendectomy. Author(s): Kortelainen P, Huttunen R, Kairaluoma MI, Mokka RE, Laitinen S, Larmi TK. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1982 February; 143(2): 244-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7036772

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Single-port laparoscopy assisted appendectomy under local pneumoperitoneum condition. Author(s): Inoue H, Takeshita K, Endo M. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1994 June; 8(6): 714-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8059314

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Small intestinal obstruction after appendectomy: an avoidable complication? Author(s): Arnbjornsson E. Source: Current Surgery. 1984 September-October; 41(5): 354-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6488871

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Staple appendectomy: a simplified technique. Author(s): Rubio PA, Farrell EM. Source: Int Surg. 1982 October-December; 67(4 Suppl): 481-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7183620

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Stroke following appendectomy under general anesthesia in a patient with basilar impression. Author(s): Zotter H, Zenz W, Gallistl S, Zohrer B, Lindbichler F. Source: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2000 November; 44(10): 1271-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11065210

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Stump appendicitis and generalized peritonitis due to incomplete appendectomy. Author(s): Durgun AV, Baca B, Ersoy Y, Kapan M. Source: Techniques in Coloproctology. 2003 July; 7(2): 102-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14605929

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Subcuticular skin closure as a standard approach to emergency appendectomy in children: prospective clinical trial. Author(s): Serour F, Efrati Y, Klin B, Barr J, Gorenstein A, Vinograd I. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1996 January; 20(1): 38-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8588410

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Successful laparoscopic Ladd's procedure and appendectomy for intestinal malrotation with appendicitis. Author(s): Tsumura H, Ichikawa T, Kagawa T, Nishihara M. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 2003 April; 17(4): 657-8. Epub 2003 February 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12574927

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Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following uncomplicated appendectomy. Author(s): Stockinger ZT. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2004 January; 26(1): 117-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14751488

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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone following appendectomy: case report. Author(s): Policastro AM. Source: Military Medicine. 1983 March; 148(3): 271-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6408514

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Syringe pressure irrigation of subdermic tissue after appendectomy to decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Author(s): Cervantes-Sanchez CR, Gutierrez-Vega R, Vazquez-Carpizo JA, Clark P, Athie-Gutierrez C. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2000 January; 24(1): 38-41; Discussion 41-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10594201

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Technical modification to laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Goh P, Tekant Y, Kum CK, Chow L, Ngoi SS. Source: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1992 October; 35(10): 999-1000. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1395990

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The clinical and economic correlates of nonspecific abdominal pain mismanaged by appendectomy. Author(s): Ammori BJ. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2003 January; 138(1): 111; Author Reply 111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12511164

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The costs and effects of laparoscopic appendectomy in children. Author(s): Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K, Valtonen H, Mattila M, Eskelinen M. Source: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2004 January; 158(1): 34-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14706955

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The diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcome after appendectomy. Author(s): Hee P, Viktrup L. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 May; 65(2): 129-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10405056

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The E.A.E.S. Consensus Development Conferences on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and hernia repair. Consensus statements--September 1994. The Educational Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. Author(s): Neugebauer E, Troidl H, Kum CK, Eypasch E, Miserez M, Paul A. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1995 May; 9(5): 550-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7676385

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The effect of tonsillectomy and appendectomy on the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Linos AD, O'Fallon WM, Worthington JW, Kurland LT. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1986 August; 13(4): 707-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3772917

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The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. Author(s): Addiss DG, Shaffer N, Fowler BS, Tauxe RV. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1990 November; 132(5): 910-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2239906

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The first appendectomy in Rhode Island. Author(s): Goldowsky SJ. Source: R I Med. 1992 November; 75(11): 547-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1490024

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The frequency of histopathological abnormalities in incidental appendectomy in urological patients: the implications for incorporation of the appendix in urinary tract reconstruction. Author(s): Leibovitch I, Avigad I, Nativ O, Goldwasser B. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1992 July; 148(1): 41-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1613877

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The meconium ileus equivalent following appendectomy. Author(s): Jona JZ, Belin RP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1987 February; 22(2): 148-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3820013

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The occurrence of an abdominal wall abscess 11 years after appendectomy: report of a case. Author(s): Matsuda K, Masaki T, Toyoshima O, Ono M, Muto T. Source: Surgery Today. 1999; 29(9): 931-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10489140

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The postoperative incidence of small bowel obstruction following standard, open appendectomy and cholecystectomy: a six-year retrospective cohort study at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Author(s): Zbar RI, Crede WB, McKhann CF, Jekel JF. Source: Conn Med. 1993 March; 57(3): 123-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8477590

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The role of appendectomy in surgical procedures for ovarian cancer. Author(s): Fontanelli R, Paladini D, Raspagliesi F, di Re E. Source: Gynecologic Oncology. 1992 July; 46(1): 42-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1634139

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The safety of incidental appendectomy at the time of abdominal hysterectomy. Author(s): Salom EM, Schey D, Penalver M, Gomez-Marin O, Lambrou N, Almeida Z, Mendez L. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 December; 189(6): 1563-7; Discussion 1567-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14710065

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The use of an automatic stapling device for laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Daniell JF, Gurley LD, Kurtz BR, Chambers JF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 October; 78(4): 721-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1833683

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The use of autologous fibrin glue for the treatment of postoperative fecal fistula following an appendectomy: report of a case. Author(s): Okamoto K, Watanabe Y, Nakachi T, Kasuga T, Motohashi G, Chikazawa G, Tasaki T, Watanabe M, Katano M, Goto Y, Ubukata H, Nakada I, Sato S, Tabuchi T. Source: Surgery Today. 2003; 33(7): 550-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14507004

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To leave or not to leave? A retrospective review of appendectomy during diagnostic laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain. Author(s): Chandler B, Beegle M, Elfrink RJ, Smith WJ. Source: Mo Med. 2002 September-October; 99(9): 502-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12462943

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Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA): a safe and useful alternative for uncomplicated appendicitis. Author(s): Pappalepore N, Tursini S, Marino N, Lisi G, Lelli Chiesa P. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2002 December; 12(6): 3836. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12548490

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Treatment of post-appendectomy intra-abdominal deep abscesses. Author(s): Dobremez E, Lavrand F, Lefevre Y, Boer M, Bondonny JM, Vergnes P. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2003 December; 13(6): 3937. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14743327

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Two hypotheses concerning intra-abdominal abscess in patients who undergo laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): Oyogoa SO, Kamali K, Juanteguy J. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2001 November; 136(11): 1327. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11695984

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Ulcerative colitis and appendectomy. What is the nature of the (negative) association? Author(s): Gilat T, Dotan I. Source: Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 June; 29(3): 212-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9646211

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Ultrasound diagnosis of pelvic and wound abscess after an appendectomy. Author(s): Wolson AH. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1977 March; 144(3): 376-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=841455

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Umbilical one-puncture laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy in children. Author(s): Valla J, Ordorica-Flores RM, Steyaert H, Merrot T, Bartels A, Breaud J, Ginier C, Cheli M. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1999 January; 13(1): 83-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9869698

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Unnecessary appendectomy versus missed appendicitis in the elderly. Author(s): Howie JG. Source: Geriatrics. 1970 June; 25(6): 136-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5445077

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Ureteral injury during appendectomy. Author(s): Baykal K, Onol Y, Albayrak S, Inal H, Senkul T. Source: International Urology and Nephrology. 1996; 28(5): 709-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9061433

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Ureteral obstruction after appendectomy. Author(s): Kaplan GW, Keiller DL. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1974 August; 9(4): 559-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4844232

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Urologic complication of laparoscopic appendectomy. Author(s): DeFoor R Jr, Turner WR, Herell SD. Source: Jsls. 2001 January-March; 5(1): 77-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11304001

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US as a primary diagnostic tool in relation to negative appendectomy: six years experience. Author(s): Puig S, Hormann M, Rebhandl W, Felder-Puig R, Prokop M, Paya K. Source: Radiology. 2003 January; 226(1): 101-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12511675

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Vaginal appendectomy at laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: a surgical option. Author(s): Pelosi MA 3rd, Pelosi MA. Source: J Laparoendosc Surg. 1996 December; 6(6): 399-403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9025024

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Validation of appendectomy: can it be done? Author(s): Ryan AJ. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1979 January; 65(1): 19, 21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=760086

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Various stapling techniques in laparoscopic appendectomy: 40 consecutive cases. Author(s): Klaiber C, Wagner M, Metzger A. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy. 1994 June; 4(3): 205-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8044364

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Video-assisted extracorporeal appendectomy. Author(s): Tekin A, Kurtoglu HC. Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 2002 February; 12(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11905863

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What is the learning curve for laparoscopic appendectomy? Author(s): Meinke AK, Kossuth T. Source: Surgical Endoscopy. 1994 May; 8(5): 371-5; Discussion 376. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8073350

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Wound infection in emergency appendectomy: a prospective trial with topical ampicillin and savlon. Author(s): Tanphiphat C, Udomchanya S, Wacharasin T, Suwanpen T, Panichabhongse V, Vajrabukka C. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1976 August; 59(8): 355-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=965871

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Wound infection in open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. A meta-analysis. Author(s): Meynaud-Kraemer L, Colin C, Vergnon P, Barth X. Source: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 1999 Spring; 15(2): 380-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10507196

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Wound sepsis after cholecystectomy. Influence of incidental appendectomy. Author(s): O'Malley VP, Finch DR, Powley PH. Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 1986 August; 8(4): 435-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3760520

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND APPENDECTOMY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and appendectomy.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Appendectomy The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Appendectomy

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “appendectomy” (or a synonym): •

A minimally invasive technique of appendectomy using a minimal skin incision and laparoscopic instruments. Author(s): Department of Surgery, Namkwang General Hospital, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Kwangju, Korea. Source: Suh, H H Surg-Laparosc-Endosc. 1998 April; 8(2): 149-52 1051-7200

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A prospective randomized comparison of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy: Clinical and economic analyses. Author(s): Departments of Surgery and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Source: Long, K H Bannon, M P Zietlow, S P Helgeson, E R Harmsen, W S Smith, C D Ilstrup, D M Baerga Varela, Y Sarr, M G Surgery. 2001 April; 129(4): 390-400 0039-6060

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Comparison of laparoscopic, open, and converted appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. Author(s): Department of Surgical Services, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11229, USA. Source: Piskun, G Kozik, D Rajpal, S Shaftan, G Fogler, R Surg-Endosc. 2001 July; 15(7): 660-2 1432-2218

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Nutrition

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. APPENDECTOMY

ALTERNATIVE

MEDICINE

AND

Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to appendectomy. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to appendectomy and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to appendectomy: •

20 years' acupuncture in 461 acute appendicitis cases. Author(s): Fan YK, Zhang CC. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1983 July; 96(7): 491-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6418448

•

A puzzling case of cardiac arrest. Author(s): Hannah HB. Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1971 October; 43(10): 991-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5115036

•

Acupuncture analgesia in chest and abdominal surgery. Author(s): Stovner J.

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Source: Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening. 1974 March 10; 94(7): 434-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4820033 •

Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children. Author(s): Barker DJ, Osmond C, Golding J, Wadsworth ME. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1988 April 2; 296(6627): 956-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3129107

•

Acute perforative appendicitis during preoperative chemotherapy for Wilms tumor. Author(s): Velez MC, Athale UH, Loe W Jr, Warrier RP. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 2003 March; 20(2): 147-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12554525

•

Analgesic effect of pressure on auriculoacupoints for postoperative pain in 102 cases. Author(s): Wu H, Bi L, Xu C, Zhu P. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1991 March; 11(1): 22-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1861505

•

Appendectomy, appendicitis, and large bowel cancer. Author(s): Friedman GD, Fireman BH. Source: Cancer Research. 1990 December 1; 50(23): 7549-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2253203

•

Appendix: drugless anaesthesia by acupuncture. Author(s): Urquhart IA. Source: Ariz Med. 1972 July; 29(7): 575-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5045503

•

Clinical observation and mechanism study on application of auricular-pressing pill for postoperative analgesia. Author(s): Wu H, Bi L, Shen P, Li Z, Zhu P. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1997 March; 17(1): 26-31. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10437240

•

Clinical observation of 50 cases of postoperative incisional pain treated by auricularacupoint pressure. Author(s): Wu HP, Bi LY, Xu CS, Zhu PT. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1989 September; 9(3): 187-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2615454

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•

Electroimpulse acupuncture treatment of 110 cases of abdominal pain as a sequela of abdominal surgery. Author(s): Wang XM. Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 1988 December; 8(4): 269-70. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3266776

•

Electroshock-resistant ventricular fibrillation treated with procaine amide. Author(s): KRISTOFFERSEN M. Source: Dan Med Bull. 1964 July; 11: 127-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14180583

•

Emergency appendicectomy and meat consumption in the UK. Author(s): Appleby P, Thorogood M, McPherson K, Mann J. Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1995 December; 49(6): 594-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8596094

•

Investigation of a psychosocial hypothesis in appendectomies. Author(s): MEYER E, UNGER HT, SLAUGHTER R. Source: Psychosomatic Medicine. 1964 November-December; 26: 671-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14230410

•

Involvement of the appendix in a relapsed case of primary nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Author(s): Tsujimura H, Takagi T, Tamaru J, Sakai C. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 May; 37(5-6): 633-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11042526

•

Letter: Medicine in China: another viewpoint. Author(s): Poidevin LO. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1975 August 23; 2(8): 322-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1165744

•

Management of advanced-stage primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: case report and literature review. Author(s): Kuscu E, Oktem M, Haberal A, Erkanli S, Bilezikci B, Demirhan B. Source: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2003; 24(6): 557-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14658603

•

Music: a diversionary therapy. Author(s): Evans MM, Rubio PA.

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Source: Todays or Nurse. 1994 July-August; 16(4): 17-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8066587 •

Pain, analgesic use, and morbidity in appendectomy patients. Author(s): Cheever KH. Source: Clinical Nursing Research. 1999 August; 8(3): 267-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10887875

•

Personal experience with acupuncture in general surgery. Author(s): Roccia L. Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1973 July; 1(2): 329-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4774366

•

Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease amongst Mormons in Britain and Ireland. Author(s): Penny WJ, Penny E, Mayberry JF, Rhodes J. Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1985; 21(3): 287-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3875900

•

Response to various chemotherapeutic agents in a case of choriocarcinoma complicated by surgical emergencies. Author(s): Horn Y, Ratzkowski E, Hochman A. Source: Gynaecologia. 1969; 168(4): 8-62. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5393679

•

Surgical treatment for chronic pelvic pain. Author(s): Carter JE. Source: Jsls. 1998 April-June; 2(2): 129-39. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9876726

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The importance of Bi-Digital O-Ring Test in the treatment of multiple hepatic abscesses: a case history. Author(s): Iwasa S, Neves LB, Lopes AC. Source: Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research. 2003; 28(3-4): 201-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14998058

•

The Oxford Vegetarian Study: an overview. Author(s): Appleby PN, Thorogood M, Mann JI, Key TJ. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999 September; 70(3 Suppl): 525S531S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10479226

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to appendectomy; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Appendicitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON APPENDECTOMY Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to appendectomy. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on appendectomy include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on appendectomy: •

Laparoscopy in Children Source: Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 2003. 147 p. Contact: Available from Springer-Verlag. Tiergartenstr. 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. (49)6221-487-0. Website: www.springer.de. E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 3540429751. Summary: Most surgeons are familiar with the techniques of laparoscopic surgery, however, in children there are variations in size and technical approach. This book describes the differences and characteristic aspects of laparoscopy in small children. The book is an atlas of numerous drawings, accompanied by textual descriptions. Technical guidelines are given on how to perform laparoscopy safely, even in small children. Topics include patient selection, anesthesia, insufflation, trocar insertion, instruments, ligating, needle insertion, suturing, adhesiolysis, appendectomy, cholecystectomy

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(gallbladder removal), cryptorchidism, fundoplication, inguinal hernia, intussusception, liver biopsy, Meckel's diverticulum, ovary, pyloromyotomy, sigmoid resection, splenectomy, varicocele, thoracoscopy, and postoperative care. The aim of the book is to provide surgeons with the knowledge to extend their expertise in adult laparoscopy to children. A subject index concludes the textbook. •

Guide to Laparoscopic Surgery Source: Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, Inc. 1998. 169 p. Contact: Available from Blackwell Science, Inc. 350 Main Street, Commerce Place, Malden, MA 02148. (800) 215-1000 or (617) 388-8250. Fax (617) 388-8270. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.blackwell-science.com. PRICE: $54.95. ISBN: 086542649X. Summary: This book reviews the important aspects of laparoscopy that every surgeon needs to know. The authors address the needs of trainees in all surgical disciplines, as well as the concerns of qualified surgeons, urologists, and gynecologists. The emphasis is on procedures and practical approaches; four sections are included. In the introduction, the authors review the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy, risk factors, combined laparoscopy and open surgery, physiological changes during laparoscopy, anesthesia during the procedures, and postoperative management. The second section on equipment, instruments, basic techniques, problems and solutions includes: imaging and viewing, sterilization and maintenance of optics and the camera, creation of the pneumoperitoneum access, gasless laparoscopy, Veress needle procedures, primary cannula insertion, open cannulation (Hasson's technique), secondary cannula, extraperitoneal laparoscopy, instruments for dissection, diathermy and electrocautery, hemostasis, laser, ultrasound, high velocity water jet, ligation and suturing, and specimen extraction. The section on setting up in the operating theater covers hand instruments, equipment, patient position and preparation, and setting up for the procedure. The final section on laparoscopic procedures themselves, covers diagnostic laparoscopy, laparoscopic ultrasonography, adhesiolysis, cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), management of common bile duct stones, appendectomy, laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication, gastroenterostomy, truncal vagotomy, laparoscopy for perforated duodenal ulcer, splenectomy, laparoscopy for undescended testicles, varicocele, laparoscopic simple nephrectomy (kidney removal), and inguinal hernia repair. The book is illustrated with numerous line drawings of the equipment and procedures being discussed. A subject index concludes the book.

•

Surgical Laparoscopy Source: St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. 1991. 359 p. Contact: Available from Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. 2086 Craigshire Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146. (314) 878-7808. PRICE: $110, shipping and handling free with prepaid orders. ISBN: 094221921X. Summary: This textbook is a guide to the burgeoning field of surgical laparoscopy. It is intended to introduce surgeons to the principles of laparoscopic surgery and to familiarize those already performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the newer procedures and instruments that have been developed. Seventeen chapters cover topics including the history of laparoscopy, laparoscopic equipment and instrumentation, practical anesthesia, open laparoscopy, and clinical applications, including those for preoperative diagnosis and staging for gastrointestinal cancers, for gallstone disease, cholecystectomy, cholangiography and management of choledocholithiasis,

Books

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appendectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, truncal and selective vagotomy, inguinal hernia repair, and intestinal surgery. Two final chapters cover the complications of laparoscopic general surgery and training and credentialing for laparoscopic surgery. One appendix provides a partial listing of manufacturers of surgical laparoscopy equipment. A detailed subject index concludes the volume.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “appendectomy” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “appendectomy” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “appendectomy” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Abdominal Pain: Featuring Laparoscopic Appendectomy (Media) by Medascend; ISBN: 1888829052; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1888829052/icongroupinterna

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:8 •

Abdominal distension and intestinal activity following laparotomy; a study of the “postoperative abdomen,” especially the roentgenological findings after herniotomy, appendectomy and gynecological operations. [Translated by Mildred Halle]. Author: Høyer, Andreas; Year: 1950

Chapters on Appendectomy In order to find chapters that specifically relate to appendectomy, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search 8

In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

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to book chapters and appendectomy using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on appendectomy: •

Appendectomy Source: in Schier, F. Laparoscopy in Children. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 2003. p.36-47. Contact: Available from Springer-Verlag. Tiergartenstr. 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. (49)6221-487-0. Website: www.springer.de. E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 3540429751. Summary: Most surgeons are familiar with the techniques of laparoscopic surgery, however, in children there are variations in size and technical approach. This section on laparoscopic appendectomy is from a book that describes the differences and characteristic aspects of laparoscopy in small children. The book is an atlas of numerous drawings, accompanied by textual descriptions. Technical guidelines are given on how to perform the laparoscopic appendectomy safely, even in small children. Illustrations depict the instruments used, the technique of locating and isolating the appendix, ligation techniques, and the operating table layout and trocar placement. The aim of the book is to provide surgeons with the knowledge to extend their expertise in adult laparoscopy to children. 12 figures.

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CHAPTER 5. MULTIMEDIA ON APPENDECTOMY Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on appendectomy. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Video Recordings An excellent source of multimedia information on appendectomy is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to “Videorecording” and “appendectomy” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find video productions, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Videorecording (videotape, videocassette, etc.).” Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for video recordings on appendectomy: •

Video Perspectives in Surgical Laparoscopy Source: St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. 199x. Contact: Available from Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. 11970 Borman Drive, Suite 222, St. Louis, MO 63146. (800) 348-7808 or, in Missouri, (314) 878-7808. Fax (314) 878-9937. PRICE: $59 or $89 for 1/2 in NTSC; $84 or $114 for PAL, SECAM, and 3/4 in formats. Summary: This series of instructional videotapes is designed to take viewers into the operating room for a firsthand look at new laparoscopic procedures. Programs are available on: laparoscopic highly selective vagotomy; laparoscopic appendectomy; laparoscopic herniorrhaphy; laparoscopic cholecystectomy using laser; laparoscopic cholecystectomy using electrocautery; common bile duct exploration; laparoscopic suturing; laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy; open laparoscopy for the general surgeon; practice guidelines for the OR nurse; laparoscopic management of acute and complicated cholecystitis; diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopy; patient education for laparoscopic biliary tract surgery; laparoscopic colon resection; laparoscopic

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splenectomy; thoracoscopic esophageal myotomy; laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopy; laparoscopic adrenalectomy; and inguinal anatomy for laparoscopic hernia repair. The individuals demonstrating these various laparoscopic techniques are internationally recognized for their pioneering work and expertise in this area. (AA-M).

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CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON APPENDECTOMY Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover appendectomy.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on appendectomy is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to appendectomy. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “appendectomy” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for appendectomy: •

Laparoscopic appendectomy unrelated to increased abscess risk in children Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 15, 2002

•

New tests have not improved appendectomy accuracy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 09, 2001

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Laparoscopic Appendectomy More Expensive Than Open Approach Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 29, 1996

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Laparoscopic Appendectomy May Become The New 'Gold Standard' Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 02, 1995 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “appendectomy” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to appendectomy, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/.

Periodicals and News

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BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “appendectomy” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Appendectomy Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to appendectomy. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering appendectomy that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute9: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

9

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.10 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:11 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

10 Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 11 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway12 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.13 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 6855 64 11 28 9 6967

HSTAT14 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.15 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.16 Simply search by “appendectomy” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

12

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

13

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 14 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 15 16

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists17 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.18 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.19 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

17 Adapted 18

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 19 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on appendectomy can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to appendectomy. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to appendectomy. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “appendectomy”:

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Appendicitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/appendicitis.html Carcinoid Tumors http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/carcinoidtumors.html Occupational Health for Healthcare Providers http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.t ml Testicular Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/testicularcancer.html Ulcerative Colitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ulcerativecolitis.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on appendectomy. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

When You Need an Operation: About Appendectomy Source: Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons. 1994. 4 p. Contact: Available from American College of Surgeons. 55 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611. (312) 664-4050 PRICE: $14 for 50 copies, $27 for 100 copies. Summary: This brochure provides information for patients scheduled to undergo an appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix. Written in a question-and-answer format, the brochure describes the procedure; the anatomy and function of the appendix; appendicitis; diagnosing appendicitis; preparation for surgery; the surgical procedure, including open and laparoscopic techniques; recovery from the operation; and possible complications. The brochure includes a description of the specialized training required for surgeons and for certification as a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. 1 figure.

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The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to appendectomy. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to appendectomy. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with appendectomy. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about appendectomy. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at

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http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “appendectomy” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “appendectomy”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “appendectomy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “appendectomy” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.20

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

20

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)21: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

21

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on appendectomy: •

Basic Guidelines for Appendectomy Appendectomy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002921.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Appendectomy Abdominal pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm Anorexia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003121.htm Elevated temperature Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm

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Loss of appetite Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003121.htm Nausea Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm Problems breathing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003075.htm Vomiting Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003117.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Appendectomy WBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003643.htm

•

Background Topics for Appendectomy Bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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APPENDECTOMY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adhesions: Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Aerobic: In biochemistry, reactions that need oxygen to happen or happen when oxygen is present. [NIH] Aerosol: A solution of a drug which can be atomized into a fine mist for inhalation therapy. [EU]

Agenesis: Lack of complete or normal development; congenital absence of an organ or part. [NIH]

Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amebiasis: Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amniotic Fluid: Amniotic cavity fluid which is produced by the amnion and fetal lungs and kidneys. [NIH] Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broadspectrum antibiotic. [NIH]

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Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Amputation: Surgery to remove part or all of a limb or appendage. [NIH] Anaerobic: 1. Lacking molecular oxygen. 2. Growing, living, or occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen; pertaining to an anaerobe. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Analgesic: An agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. [EU] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antidiuretic: Suppressing the rate of urine formation. [EU] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily killing them. [EU] Anuria: Inability to form or excrete urine. [NIH] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Appendectomy: An operation to remove the appendix. [NIH] Appendicitis: Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Ascites: Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Auricular: Pertaining to an auricle or to the ear, and, formerly, to an atrium of the heart. [EU] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH]

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Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with grampositive organisms. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Beta-Lactamases: Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins. EC 3.5.2.6. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Biliary Tract: The gallbladder and its ducts. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Bloating: Fullness or swelling in the abdomen that often occurs after meals. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Blood Volume: Volume of circulating blood. It is the sum of the plasma volume and erythrocyte volume. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Broad Ligament: A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the

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wall of the pelvis. [NIH] Broad-spectrum: Effective against a wide range of microorganisms; said of an antibiotic. [EU] Cannula: A tube for insertion into a duct or cavity; during insertion its lumen is usually occupied by a trocar. [EU] Carcinogen: Any substance that causes cancer. [NIH] Carcinoid: A type of tumor usually found in the gastrointestinal system (most often in the appendix), and sometimes in the lungs or other sites. Carcinoid tumors are usually benign. [NIH]

Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiac arrest: A sudden stop of heart function. [NIH] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Cardiovascular disease: Any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels. CVD includes atherosclerosis (especially coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (e.g., stroke), and hypertension (high blood pressure). [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group. [NIH] Cecum: The beginning of the large intestine. The cecum is connected to the lower part of the small intestine, called the ileum. [NIH] Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted. [NIH] Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infections and to date no severe side effects have been noted. [NIH] Cefoxitin: Semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. [NIH] Celiac Artery: The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries. [NIH] Celiac Disease: A disease characterized by intestinal malabsorption and precipitated by gluten-containing foods. The intestinal mucosa shows loss of villous structure. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cerebrovascular: Pertaining to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, or brain. [EU] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Chemotherapeutic agent: A drug used to treat cancer. [NIH]

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Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cholangiography: Radiographic examination of the bile ducts. [NIH] Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder. [NIH] Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder. [NIH] Choledocholithiasis: Gallstones in the bile ducts. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor of trophoblastic epithelium characterized by secretion of large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. It usually originates from chorionic products of conception (i.e., hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or following abortion), but can originate in a teratoma of the testis, mediastinum, or pineal gland. [NIH] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Combination Therapy: Association of 3 drugs to treat AIDS (AZT + DDC or DDI + protease inhibitor). [NIH] Common Bile Duct: The largest biliary duct. It is formed by the junction of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with

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lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. [NIH] Constipation: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or

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treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Controlled study: An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NIH]

Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary heart disease: A type of heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, which needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood in the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged by fat and cholesterol deposits and cannot supply enough blood to the heart, CHD results. [NIH] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Credentialing: The recognition of professional or technical competence through registration, certification, licensure, admission to association membership, the award of a diploma or degree, etc. [NIH] Cryptorchidism: A condition in which one or both testicles fail to move from the abdomen, where they develop before birth, into the scrotum. Cryptorchidism may increase the risk for development of testicular cancer. Also called undescended testicles. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cystectomy: Used for excision of the urinary bladder. [NIH] Cystic Duct: The tube that carries bile from the gallbladder into the common bile duct and the small intestine. [NIH] Developed Countries: Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diarrhea: Passage of excessively liquid or excessively frequent stools. [NIH] Diathermy: The induction of local hyperthermia by either short radio waves or highfrequency sound waves. [NIH] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Diverticulum: A pathological condition manifested as a pouch or sac opening from a tubular or sacular organ. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenal Ulcer: An ulcer in the lining of the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

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[NIH]

Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Ectopic Pregnancy: The pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. [NIH]

Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Empirical: A treatment based on an assumed diagnosis, prior to receiving confirmatory laboratory test results. [NIH] Endometrial: Having to do with the endometrium (the layer of tissue that lines the uterus). [NIH]

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Endoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on interior parts of the body. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Ergonomics: Study of the relationships between man and machines; adjusting the design of machines to the need and capacities of man; study of the effect of machines on man's behavior. [NIH] Esophageal: Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Estrogen Replacement Therapy: The use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, dyspareunia, and progressive development of osteoporosis. This may also include the use of progestational agents in combination therapy. [NIH]

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Excrete: To get rid of waste from the body. [NIH] Expander: Any of several colloidal substances of high molecular weight. used as a blood or plasma substitute in transfusion for increasing the volume of the circulating blood. called also extender. [NIH] Extracorporeal: Situated or occurring outside the body. [EU] Extraction: The process or act of pulling or drawing out. [EU] Extravasation: A discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. [EU] Fallopian tube: The oviduct, a muscular tube about 10 cm long, lying in the upper border of the broad ligament. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrillation: A small, local, involuntary contraction of muscle, invisible under the skin, resulting from spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibres. [EU] Fibrin: A protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gangrene: Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastroenterostomy: Surgical construction of a channel between the stomach and intestines. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. [NIH] Giardiasis: An infection of the small intestine caused by the flagellated protozoan Giardia lamblia. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body.

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Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Gluten: The protein of wheat and other grains which gives to the dough its tough elastic character. [EU] Gonad: A sex organ, such as an ovary or a testicle, which produces the gametes in most multicellular animals. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Gonadal Dysgenesis: Any of several developmental anomalies involving the total or partial failure of the indifferent embryonic gonad to differentiate into ovary or testis. This concept includes gonadal agenesis. [NIH] Gonadotropin: The water-soluble follicle stimulating substance, by some believed to originate in chorionic tissue, obtained from the serum of pregnant mares. It is used to supplement the action of estrogens. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Gram-negative: Losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. [EU] Gram-positive: Retaining the stain or resisting decolorization by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria whose cell wall is composed of a thick layer of peptidologlycan with attached teichoic acids. [EU] Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. [NIH] Groin: The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh. [NIH]

Heart attack: A seizure of weak or abnormal functioning of the heart. [NIH] Heartbeat: One complete contraction of the heart. [NIH] Hematoma: An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue. [NIH] Hemostasis: The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of blood from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements, and the process of blood or plasma coagulation. [NIH]

Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hernia: Protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. [NIH]

Herniorrhaphy: An operation to repair a hernia. [NIH] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hospital Charges: The prices a hospital sets for its services. Hospital costs (the direct and

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indirect expenses incurred by the hospital in providing the services) are one factor in the determination of hospital charges. Other factors may include, for example, profits, competition, and the necessity of recouping the costs of uncompensated care. [NIH] Hospital Costs: The expenses incurred by a hospital in providing care. The hospital costs attributed to a particular patient care episode include the direct costs plus an appropriate proportion of the overhead for administration, personnel, building maintenance, equipment, etc. Hospital costs are one of the factors which determine hospital charges (the price the hospital sets for its services). [NIH] Hospital Mortality: A vital statistic measuring or recording the rate of death from any cause in hospitalized populations. [NIH] Hydatidiform Mole: A trophoblastic disease characterized by hydrops of the mesenchymal portion of the villus. Its karyotype is paternal and usually homozygotic. The tumor is indistinguishable from chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole ( = hydatidiform mole, invasive) except by karyotype. There is no apparent relation by karyotype to choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform refers to the presence of the hydropic state of some or all of the villi (Greek hydatis, a drop of water). [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hyperthermia: A type of treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. [NIH] Hypothalamus: Ventral part of the diencephalon extending from the region of the optic chiasm to the caudal border of the mammillary bodies and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the third ventricle. [NIH] Hypoxic: Having too little oxygen. [NIH] Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus. [NIH] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Ileum: The lower end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileus: Obstruction of the intestines. [EU] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] In situ: In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incidental: 1. Small and relatively unimportant, minor; 2. Accompanying, but not a major part of something; 3. (To something) Liable to occur because of something or in connection with something (said of risks, responsibilities, .) [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Incisional: The removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators

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or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infertility: The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring. [NIH] Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Inflammatory bowel disease: A general term that refers to the inflammation of the colon and rectum. Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. [NIH]

Inguinal: Pertaining to the inguen, or groin. [EU] Inguinal Hernia: A small part of the large or small intestine or bladder that pushes into the groin. May cause pain and feelings of pressure or burning in the groin. Often requires surgery. [NIH] Insufflation: The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes. [NIH] Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility. [NIH]

Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH] Intestinal Obstruction: Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of intestinal contents toward the anus. [NIH] Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intussusception: A rare disorder. A part of the intestines folds into another part of the intestines, causing blockage. Most common in infants. Can be treated with an operation. [NIH]

Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic

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symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. [NIH] Irrigation: The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any drug in the irrigation solution may be absorbed. [NIH] Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A disorder that comes and goes. Nerves that control the muscles in the GI tract are too active. The GI tract becomes sensitive to food, stool, gas, and stress. Causes abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation or diarrhea. Also called spastic colon or mucous colitis. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Laparoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the abdomen's interior by means of a laparoscope. [NIH] Laparotomy: A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lip: Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Loop: A wire usually of platinum bent at one end into a small loop (usually 4 mm inside diameter) and used in transferring microorganisms. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenectomy: A surgical procedure in which the lymph nodes are removed and examined to see whether they contain cancer. Also called lymph node dissection. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH]

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Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Malabsorption: Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. [EU] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant tumor: A tumor capable of metastasizing. [NIH] Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game. [NIH]

Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a fullterm fetus. It consists of secretions of the intestinal glands, bile pigments, fatty acids, amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. [NIH]

Mediastinum: The area between the lungs. The organs in this area include the heart and its large blood vessels, the trachea, the esophagus, the bronchi, and lymph nodes. [NIH] Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] Medical Staff: Professional medical personnel who provide care to patients in an organized facility, institution or agency. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Mesenteric: Pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. [EU] Mesenteric Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes. [NIH] Mesentery: A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. [NIH] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Metronidazole: Antiprotozoal used in amebiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and as treponemacide in livestock. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed). [NIH] Modeling: A treatment procedure whereby the therapist presents the target behavior which the learner is to imitate and make part of his repertoire. [NIH]

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Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Mucilaginous: Pertaining to or secreting mucus. [NIH] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Natriuresis: The excretion of abnormal amounts of sodium in the urine. [EU] Natriuretic Hormone: A low-molecular weight substance, possibly from the hypothalamus, which is released due to plasma volume expansion. It causes natriuresis in part by inhibiting sodium potassium ATPase. The development of hypertension may be the consequence of an abnormality in volume regulation induced by a defect in the renal response to the natriuretic effect of the natriuretic hormone. Do not confuse with atrial natriuretic factor or cardionatrin which is a different, well characterized hormone. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Nephrectomy: Surgery to remove a kidney. Radical nephrectomy removes the kidney, the adrenal gland, nearby lymph nodes, and other surrounding tissue. Simple nephrectomy removes only the kidney. Partial nephrectomy removes the tumor but not the entire kidney. [NIH]

Omentum: A fold of the peritoneum (the thin tissue that lines the abdomen) that surrounds the stomach and other organs in the abdomen. [NIH] Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Outpatient: A patient who is not an inmate of a hospital but receives diagnosis or treatment in a clinic or dispensary connected with the hospital. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Ownership: The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU]

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Parietal Lobe: Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Penicillin: An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneal Cavity: The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the stomach. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen. [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum; a condition marked by exudations in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells, and pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and tenderness, constipation, vomiting, and moderate fever. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides; glycerophospholipids) or sphingosine (sphingolipids). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Pineal gland: A tiny organ located in the cerebrum that produces melatonin. Also called pineal body or pineal organ. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma Volume: Volume of plasma in the circulation. It is usually measured by indicator dilution techniques. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH]

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Pleural cavity: A space enclosed by the pleura (thin tissue covering the lungs and lining the interior wall of the chest cavity). It is bound by thin membranes. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Polyp: A growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane. [NIH] Port: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port-a-cath. [NIH] Port-a-cath: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port. [NIH] Postmenopausal: Refers to the time after menopause. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently; also called "change of life." [NIH] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Povidone: A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander. [NIH] Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU] Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH]

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Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Putrefaction: The process of decomposition of animal and vegetable matter by living organisms. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radical cystectomy: Surgery to remove the bladder as well as nearby tissues and organs. [NIH]

Radio Waves: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the microwaves, with wavelengths as high as 30 KM. They are used in communications, including television. Short Wave or HF (high frequency), UHF (ultrahigh frequency) and VHF (very high frequency) waves are used in citizen's band communication. [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized Controlled Trials: Clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. Treatment allocations using coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are not truly randomized and trials employing any of these techniques for patient assignment are designated simply controlled clinical trials. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Research Support: Financial support of research activities. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis, the cause of which is unknown, although infection, hypersensitivity, hormone imbalance and psychologic stress have been suggested as possible causes. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Salpingectomy: Excision if a uterine tube. [NIH] Salpingitis: 1. Inflammation of the uterine tube. 2. Inflammation of the auditory tube. [EU] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Scrotum: In males, the external sac that contains the testicles. [NIH]

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Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sensibility: The ability to receive, feel and appreciate sensations and impressions; the quality of being sensitive; the extend to which a method gives results that are free from false negatives. [NIH] Sepsis: The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. [NIH] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Sequela: Any lesion or affection following or caused by an attack of disease. [EU] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Sigmoid: 1. Shaped like the letter S or the letter C. 2. The sigmoid colon. [EU] Sigmoid Colon: The lower part of the colon that empties into the rectum. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Social Security: Government sponsored social insurance programs. [NIH] Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Spastic: 1. Of the nature of or characterized by spasms. 2. Hypertonic, so that the muscles are stiff and the movements awkward. 3. A person exhibiting spasticity, such as occurs in spastic paralysis or in cerebral palsy. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of

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a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splenectomy: An operation to remove the spleen. [NIH] Staging: Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Sterilization: The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH] Stromal: Large, veil-like cell in the bone marrow. [NIH] Stump: The end of the limb after amputation. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Superinfection: A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. Experimental challenge and in vitro models are sometimes used in virulence and infectivity studies. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Teratoma: A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. Teratomas occur most often in the ovaries in women, the testicles in men, and the tailbone in children. Not all teratomas are malignant. [NIH] Testicle: The male gonad where, in adult life, spermatozoa develop; the testis. [NIH] Testicular: Pertaining to a testis. [EU] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and

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the male hormones. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thoracoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Trichomoniasis: An infection with the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. [NIH] Truncal: The bilateral dissection of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urinary tract: The organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in

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the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vagotomy: The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes. [NIH] Vagus Nerve: The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx). [NIH] Varicocele: A complex of dilated veins which surround the testicle, usually on the left side. [NIH]

Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasomotor: 1. Affecting the calibre of a vessel, especially of a blood vessel. 2. Any element or agent that effects the calibre of a blood vessel. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Ventricular fibrillation: Rapid, irregular quivering of the heart's ventricles, with no effective heartbeat. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villous: Of a surface, covered with villi. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Volvulus: A twisting of the stomach or large intestine. May be caused by the stomach being in the wrong position, a foreign substance, or abnormal joining of one part of the stomach or intestine to another. Volvulus can lead to blockage, perforation, peritonitis, and poor blood flow. [NIH] Wound Infection: Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH]

113

INDEX A Abdomen, 63, 91, 93, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112 Abdominal Pain, 4, 14, 26, 39, 42, 45, 57, 63, 91, 103, 106, 111 Abscess, 4, 11, 19, 22, 28, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 67, 91 Adenocarcinoma, 34, 91 Adhesions, 4, 42, 91 Adolescence, 10, 91 Adverse Effect, 91, 109 Aerobic, 91, 94 Aerosol, 91, 107 Agenesis, 91, 100 Algorithms, 91, 93 Alternative medicine, 68, 91 Amebiasis, 91, 104 Amino Acids, 91, 106, 107 Amniotic Fluid, 91, 104 Ampicillin, 17, 49, 91 Ampulla, 92, 98 Amputation, 92, 110 Anaerobic, 36, 92, 94 Anaesthesia, 55, 56, 92, 102 Analgesic, 56, 58, 92 Anesthesia, 44, 61, 62, 92, 107 Anomalies, 92, 100 Antibiotic, 9, 15, 91, 92, 93, 94, 106, 109 Antibody, 92, 95, 102 Antidiuretic, 44, 92 Antigen, 92, 96, 101, 102 Antiseptic, 92, 107 Anuria, 38, 92 Anus, 92, 95, 102 Arterial, 92, 94, 101, 107 Arteries, 92, 93, 94, 97, 105 Ascites, 14, 92 Asymptomatic, 21, 91, 92 Atrial, 12, 20, 32, 92, 105 Atrium, 92, 112 Auditory, 92, 108, 112 Auricular, 56, 92 Autologous, 47, 92 Aztreonam, 33, 93 B Bacteria, 36, 92, 93, 100, 109 Base, 93, 103 Benign, 93, 94

Beta-Lactamases, 93, 94 Bilateral, 12, 13, 93, 111 Bile, 93, 95, 97, 99, 103, 104 Bile duct, 93, 95 Bile Pigments, 93, 104 Biliary, 65, 93, 95 Biliary Tract, 65, 93 Biopsy, 35, 62, 93 Biotechnology, 7, 63, 68, 75, 93 Bladder, 93, 97, 102, 108, 111, 112 Bloating, 93, 103 Blood pressure, 93, 94, 101, 109 Blood vessel, 93, 94, 103, 104, 110, 111, 112 Blood Volume, 93, 107 Bowel, 3, 32, 34, 46, 56, 93, 102, 106, 110, 111 Broad Ligament, 93, 99 Broad-spectrum, 91, 94 C Cannula, 62, 94 Carcinogen, 94, 104 Carcinoid, 21, 80, 94 Carcinoma, 35, 57, 94 Cardiac, 6, 55, 94, 105 Cardiac arrest, 55, 94 Cardiovascular, 6, 12, 20, 94 Cardiovascular disease, 6, 94 Case report, 13, 14, 23, 24, 27, 44, 57, 94 Case-Control Studies, 9, 94 Cecum, 34, 94, 103 Cefmetazole, 16, 94 Cefotetan, 43, 94 Cefoxitin, 43, 94 Celiac Artery, 94, 100 Celiac Disease, 32, 94 Cell, 57, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106, 110 Cell Division, 93, 94 Cerebrovascular, 94 Cesarean Section, 10, 94 Chemotherapeutic agent, 58, 94 Chemotherapy, 16, 56, 95 Cholangiography, 62, 95 Cholecystectomy, 31, 37, 38, 45, 46, 49, 61, 62, 65, 95 Cholecystitis, 65, 95 Choledocholithiasis, 62, 95 Cholesterol, 93, 95, 97

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Choriocarcinoma, 58, 95, 101 Chromosome, 95, 103 Chronic, 14, 39, 42, 47, 58, 91, 95, 102, 110, 111 Clinical trial, 6, 29, 44, 75, 95, 97, 106, 108 Cloning, 93, 95 Coagulation, 95, 100 Cofactor, 95, 107 Colitis, 4, 80, 95, 103 Colon, 11, 15, 39, 40, 45, 65, 95, 102, 103, 109, 111 Combination Therapy, 95, 98 Common Bile Duct, 62, 65, 95, 97 Complement, 95, 96 Complementary and alternative medicine, 55, 59, 96 Complementary medicine, 55, 96 Computational Biology, 75, 96 Computed tomography, 13, 16, 20, 27, 96 Computerized axial tomography, 96 Computerized tomography, 96 Conception, 95, 96, 99, 110 Connective Tissue, 96, 103 Consciousness, 92, 96 Constipation, 96, 103, 106 Contraindications, ii, 5, 96 Controlled study, 11, 97 Coronary, 6, 94, 97, 105 Coronary heart disease, 6, 94, 97 Coronary Thrombosis, 97, 105 Cranial, 97, 112 Credentialing, 63, 97 Cryptorchidism, 62, 97 Curative, 97, 111 Cystectomy, 33, 97 Cystic Duct, 95, 97 D Developed Countries, 4, 97 Diagnostic procedure, 68, 97 Diarrhea, 91, 97, 103 Diathermy, 62, 97 Diffusion, 97, 102 Digestion, 93, 97, 102, 103, 110 Direct, iii, 97, 99, 100, 101, 107, 108 Dissection, 4, 23, 62, 97, 103, 111 Diverticulum, 62, 97 Drug Interactions, 97 Duct, 92, 94, 95, 97 Duodenal Ulcer, 62, 97 Duodenum, 93, 97, 98, 100, 110 E Ectopic, 20, 98

Ectopic Pregnancy, 20, 98 Edema, 13, 98 Educational Status, 4, 98 Efficacy, 5, 94, 98 Elective, 5, 7, 12, 14, 20, 21, 98 Empirical, 6, 25, 98 Endometrial, 35, 98 Endometriosis, 10, 21, 98 Endometrium, 98 Endoscope, 98 Endoscopic, 21, 22, 29, 45, 98, 111 Environmental Health, 74, 76, 98 Epithelial, 91, 98 Epithelium, 95, 98 Ergonomics, 37, 98 Esophageal, 66, 98 Esophagus, 98, 104, 110 Estrogen, 38, 98 Estrogen Replacement Therapy, 38, 98 Excrete, 92, 99 Expander, 99, 107 Extracorporeal, 49, 99 Extraction, 22, 62, 94, 99 Extravasation, 99, 100 F Fallopian tube, 57, 99 Family Planning, 75, 99 Fat, 4, 97, 99 Fatty acids, 99, 104 Fetus, 94, 99, 104, 112 Fibrillation, 99 Fibrin, 47, 99, 106, 111 Fibrinogen, 99, 111 Fistula, 14, 23, 47, 99 Fold, 93, 99, 104, 105 G Gallbladder, 62, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100 Gangrene, 23, 99 Gas, 23, 97, 99, 102, 103 Gastrin, 99, 100 Gastroenterostomy, 62, 99 Gastrointestinal, 11, 15, 22, 27, 38, 62, 94, 99, 110 Gene, 63, 93, 99 Germ Cells, 99, 105, 110 Giardiasis, 99, 104 Gland, 99, 103, 105, 109 Gluten, 94, 100 Gonad, 100, 110 Gonadal, 24, 100 Gonadal Dysgenesis, 24, 100 Gonadotropin, 95, 100

115

Governing Board, 100, 107 Gram-negative, 93, 94, 100 Gram-positive, 93, 94, 100 Granuloma, 8, 100 Groin, 100, 102 H Heart attack, 94, 100 Heartbeat, 100, 112 Hematoma, 8, 100 Hemostasis, 29, 62, 100 Hepatic, 23, 58, 94, 95, 100 Hepatic Artery, 23, 100 Heredity, 99, 100 Hernia, 45, 66, 100 Herniorrhaphy, 43, 65, 100 Hormonal, 98, 100 Hormone, 44, 98, 99, 100, 103, 105, 108 Hospital Charges, 100, 101 Hospital Costs, 14, 101 Hospital Mortality, 6, 101 Hydatidiform Mole, 95, 101 Hypersensitivity, 101, 108 Hypertension, 94, 101, 105 Hyperthermia, 97, 101 Hypothalamus, 101, 105 Hypoxic, 101, 104 Hysterectomy, 46, 48, 101 Hysterotomy, 94, 101 I Ileum, 94, 101 Ileus, 5, 19, 46, 101 Impairment, 101, 102 In situ, 31, 101 In vitro, 36, 101, 110 In vivo, 101 Incidental, 5, 9, 19, 20, 24, 26, 28, 34, 35, 37, 42, 46, 49, 101 Incision, 13, 14, 18, 35, 39, 52, 101, 102, 103 Incisional, 16, 56, 101 Induction, 97, 101 Infarction, 102 Infection, 7, 15, 18, 24, 35, 39, 49, 91, 94, 99, 102, 103, 106, 108, 110, 111 Infertility, 42, 102 Infiltration, 29, 102, 107 Inflammation, 4, 92, 95, 102, 104, 106, 107, 108, 111 Inflammatory bowel disease, 3, 10, 11, 58, 102 Inguinal, 18, 43, 62, 63, 66, 102 Inguinal Hernia, 18, 62, 63, 102 Insufflation, 61, 102

Intensive Care, 7, 102 Intestinal, 13, 28, 43, 44, 63, 94, 102, 104 Intestinal Mucosa, 94, 102 Intestinal Obstruction, 43, 102 Intestine, 93, 102, 103, 112 Intracellular, 102, 107 Intussusception, 13, 21, 62, 102 Invasive, 52, 101, 102 Iodine, 102, 107 Irrigation, 44, 103 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 5, 103 K Kb, 74, 103 L Laparoscopy, 5, 12, 18, 22, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 43, 47, 49, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 103 Laparotomy, 4, 19, 20, 22, 63, 103 Large Intestine, 94, 102, 103, 108, 109, 112 Lesion, 100, 103, 109, 111 Ligaments, 97, 103 Ligation, 43, 62, 64, 103 Linkage, 6, 103 Lip, 15, 103 Liver, 62, 91, 93, 99, 100, 103 Localized, 4, 91, 100, 102, 103, 111 Loop, 100, 103 Lymph, 42, 103, 104, 105 Lymph node, 42, 103, 104, 105 Lymphadenectomy, 63, 65, 103 Lymphatic, 102, 103, 110 Lymphatic system, 103, 110 Lymphocytes, 92, 103, 104, 110 Lymphoid, 104 Lymphoma, 57, 104 M Malabsorption, 94, 104 Malignancy, 9, 104 Malignant, 91, 95, 104, 110 Malignant tumor, 95, 104 Meat, 57, 104 Meconium, 46, 104 Mediastinum, 95, 104 Medical Records, 4, 104, 108 Medical Staff, 25, 104 MEDLINE, 75, 104 Membrane, 96, 98, 100, 104, 106, 107 Meninges, 93, 104 Mesenteric, 4, 16, 44, 104 Mesenteric Lymphadenitis, 4, 104 Mesentery, 104, 106 Meta-Analysis, 8, 29, 49, 104

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Metronidazole, 33, 39, 43, 104 Modeling, 6, 104 Modification, 45, 105 Molecular, 75, 77, 92, 93, 96, 99, 105, 107 Mononuclear, 100, 105 Mucilaginous, 104, 105 Mucus, 105, 111 Myocardial infarction, 25, 97, 105 Myocardium, 105 N Natriuresis, 105 Natriuretic Hormone, 20, 105 Necrosis, 102, 105 Nephrectomy, 62, 105 O Omentum, 100, 105 Osteoporosis, 98, 105 Outpatient, 30, 36, 105 Ovary, 62, 100, 105 Ownership, 6, 105 P Palliative, 105, 111 Pancreas, 91, 100, 105 Parietal, 8, 105, 106 Parietal Lobe, 105, 106 Pathologic, 22, 93, 97, 101, 106, 107 Patient Education, 65, 80, 84, 86, 90, 106 Patient Selection, 61, 106 Pelvic, 20, 37, 47, 48, 58, 63, 65, 98, 106 Pelvis, 91, 94, 106, 112 Penicillin, 91, 106 Peptide, 12, 106, 107 Perforation, 4, 19, 26, 28, 106, 112 Peritoneal, 28, 35, 92, 106 Peritoneal Cavity, 92, 106 Peritoneum, 93, 104, 105, 106 Peritonitis, 4, 14, 40, 44, 106, 112 Pharmacologic, 92, 106, 111 Phospholipids, 99, 106 Physical Examination, 4, 106 Pineal gland, 95, 106 Plasma, 16, 93, 99, 100, 105, 106 Plasma Volume, 93, 105, 106 Pleural, 106, 107, 111 Pleural cavity, 107, 111 Pneumonia, 97, 107 Polyp, 21, 107 Port, 24, 37, 43, 107 Port-a-cath, 107 Postmenopausal, 38, 98, 105, 107 Postoperative, 5, 13, 19, 35, 39, 44, 46, 47, 56, 62, 63, 107

Postoperative Complications, 35, 107 Potassium, 105, 107 Povidone, 15, 107 Povidone-Iodine, 15, 107 Practice Guidelines, 65, 76, 107 Preoperative, 4, 15, 27, 56, 62, 107 Procaine, 57, 107 Progressive, 98, 105, 107 Projection, 27, 107 Prophylaxis, 9, 33, 43, 107 Protein S, 63, 93, 107 Proteins, 91, 92, 95, 106, 107, 109, 111 Public Policy, 75, 107 Publishing, 7, 62, 65, 108 Putrefaction, 99, 108 R Radiation, 101, 104, 108, 112 Radical cystectomy, 26, 28, 108 Radio Waves, 97, 108 Radiolabeled, 107, 108 Randomized, 8, 16, 33, 36, 39, 52, 98, 108 Randomized Controlled Trials, 8, 33, 108 Rectum, 11, 15, 39, 40, 45, 92, 95, 99, 102, 103, 108, 109 Refer, 1, 95, 108 Regimen, 98, 108 Research Support, 5, 108 Resection, 34, 62, 65, 108 Retrospective, 5, 18, 26, 32, 46, 47, 108 Retrospective study, 18, 108 Rheumatoid, 18, 41, 45, 108 Rheumatoid arthritis, 18, 41, 45, 108 Risk factor, 15, 62, 108 S Salpingectomy, 20, 108 Salpingitis, 33, 108 Screening, 95, 108 Scrotum, 97, 108 Secretion, 12, 95, 105, 109 Semisynthetic, 94, 109 Sensibility, 92, 109 Sepsis, 15, 49, 109 Septic, 9, 109 Sequela, 57, 109 Serum, 95, 100, 106, 109 Sex Characteristics, 91, 109 Shock, 109, 111 Side effect, 91, 94, 109, 111 Sigmoid, 62, 109 Sigmoid Colon, 109 Small intestine, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 109

117

Social Security, 108, 109 Sodium, 105, 109 Somatic, 91, 109, 112 Sound wave, 97, 109 Spastic, 103, 109 Specialist, 81, 109 Spectrum, 94, 108, 109 Sperm, 95, 110 Spleen, 103, 110 Splenectomy, 62, 66, 110 Staging, 19, 20, 62, 110 Sterility, 102, 110 Sterilization, 62, 110 Stomach, 91, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 109, 110, 112 Stool, 95, 103, 110 Stress, 103, 108, 110 Stroke, 44, 74, 94, 110 Stromal, 98, 110 Stump, 11, 43, 44, 110 Subacute, 102, 110 Subclinical, 102, 110 Subcutaneous, 98, 110 Substance P, 109, 110 Superinfection, 93, 110 Symptomatic, 26, 110 Systemic, 93, 102, 110 T Teratoma, 95, 110 Testicle, 100, 110, 112 Testicular, 80, 97, 110 Testis, 95, 100, 110 Therapeutics, 58, 111 Thoracoscopy, 62, 65, 111 Thrombin, 99, 111 Thrombosis, 16, 44, 107, 110, 111 Tomography, 40, 111 Topical, 15, 49, 107, 111 Toxic, iv, 111 Toxicity, 97, 111

Toxicology, 76, 111 Toxins, 92, 102, 111 Transfection, 93, 111 Trauma, 41, 105, 111, 112 Trichomoniasis, 104, 111 Truncal, 62, 63, 111 U Ulcer, 97, 111 Ulcerative colitis, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, 28, 38, 39, 41, 47, 102, 111 Ultrasonography, 20, 40, 62, 111 Ureters, 111 Urethra, 111, 112 Urinary, 46, 97, 111 Urinary tract, 46, 111 Urine, 92, 93, 105, 111 Uterus, 93, 98, 101, 112 V Vagina, 101, 112 Vaginal, 48, 112 Vagotomy, 62, 63, 65, 112 Vagus Nerve, 111, 112 Varicocele, 62, 112 Vascular, 102, 112 Vasomotor, 98, 112 Vein, 16, 27, 44, 112 Venous, 107, 112 Ventricle, 101, 112 Ventricular, 57, 112 Ventricular fibrillation, 57, 112 Veterinary Medicine, 75, 112 Villous, 94, 112 Vitro, 112 Volvulus, 14, 112 W Wound Infection, 19, 20, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 112 X X-ray, 96, 112

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119

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Appendectomy

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