Bundle Branch Block - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES ...

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BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Bundle Branch Block: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00190-X 1. Bundle Branch Block-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on bundle branch block. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ......................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Bundle Branch Block..................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ............................................................... 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 Finding Nutrition Studies on Bundle Branch Block.................................................................... 53 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 54 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ......................................... 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 57 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 61 General References ....................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ...................................................................... 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 Patents on Bundle Branch Block.................................................................................................. 63 Patent Applications on Bundle Branch Block .............................................................................. 64 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ............................................ 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 67 Academic Periodicals covering Bundle Branch Block .................................................................. 69 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 73 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 75 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 77 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 79 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 79 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 79 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 81 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 83 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 83 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 83 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 83 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 83 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 89 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 89 BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK DICTIONARY.............................................................................. 91 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 111

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with bundle branch block is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about bundle branch block, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to bundle branch block, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on bundle branch block. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to bundle branch block, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on bundle branch block. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on bundle branch block.

Federally Funded Research on Bundle Branch Block The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to bundle branch block. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to bundle branch block. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore bundle branch block. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for bundle branch block: •

Project Title: A CLINICAL & MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE BRUGADA SYNDROME Principal Investigator & Institution: London, Barry; Associate Professor of Medicine; Medicine; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-APR-1999; Project End 30-JUN-2006

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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Summary: (provided by applicant): Arrhythmias remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Brugada syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, male predominant form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation characterized by a right bundle branch block pattern and ST elevation in the right precordial leads of the surface EKG. The only effective treatment is an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Mutations of the cardiac Na+ channel SCN5A cause some cases of Brugada syndrome. Most SCN5A mutations decrease inward Na+ current, and Na+ channel blockers enhance the EKG phenotype. Mutations in other genes have not been reported, and it isn't clear whether the malignancy of arrhythmias and/or the efficacy of drug testing depend on the gene defect. The reason for male predominance is also unknown. During the initial period of this project, we identified a large multigenerational family with Brugada syndrome characterized by progressive conduction disease, age- and sex-dependent penetrance, minimal response to the Na+ channel blocker procainamide, and a low frequency of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death. Linkage was present to an approximately4 cM region on chromosome 3p22-24 (max LOD score = 4.0) and SCN5A was excluded (LOD score < -2). More recently, we identified two other large families and several small families with Brugada syndrome or arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Two of the small families have mutations in SCN5A, while one of the large Brugada families does not link to SCN5A or to the new chromosome 3 locus. In this competing renewal, we will test the hypothesis that Brugada syndrome results from mutations in genes other than SCN5A that decrease the cardiac Na+ current in a gender-dependent manner, through the use of refined phenotyping, fine mapping, and candidate gene approaches. We will 1) clone the gene on chromosome 3p22-24 that causes the Brugada syndrome; 2) identify novel loci, genes, and mutations responsible for Brugada syndrome and ARVD in other families, and 3) probe the molecular basis of the gender differences in disease penetrance using a rabbit model. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: CARDIAC CONNEXINS IN IMPULSE PROPAGATION AND ARRHYTHMIAS Principal Investigator & Institution: Jalife, Jose; Professor of Pharmacology; Upstate Medical University Research Administration Syracuse, Ny 13210 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002 Summary: Intercellular communication is essential for normal cardiac impulse propagation. It is thought to be mediated by gap junction channels. Three gap junction proteins, known as connexins (Cxs), are expressed in the heart; these are Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. However, the specific role of the individual connexins in normal and abnormal propagation is unknown. The recent development of connexin knockout mice now makes such knowledge possible. Our overall objective is to investigate the electrophysiological consequences of the absence of specific gap junction channels on impulse propagation in mice lacking either Cx43 or Cx40. We will combine electrocardiographic, microelectrode and patch- clamping techniques, with highresolution microscopic and macroscopic optical recordings of potentiometric dye fluorescence, to measure relevant electrophysiological parameters, which may be affected by Cx43 and Cx40 null mutation. Our Specific Aims are 1. To determine the electrophysiological consequences and pro-arrhythmic effects of reduced intercellular coupling in the ventricles of neonatal homozygote and heterozygote Cx43 knockout mice. We hypothesize that the lack of Cx43 results in a reduction of intercellular communication leading to discontinuous conduction, with an increase in the variability of local conduction times during both sinus rhythm and pacing. Moreover, we surmise

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that impulse blockade in the homozygote mice will occur preferentially in the direction transverse to fiber orientation and at much slower frequencies than in wildtype or heterozygous mice. 2. To determine the role of Cx40 in impulse propagation in the specialized conducting system, and ventricles of the adult mouse heart. Our hypothesis here is that the null mutation of Cx40 decreases intercellular communication in the specialized conduction system and slows Purkinje fiber conduction velocity, leading to an apparent bundle branch block configuration in the electrocardiogram, and facilitating the induction of reentrant arrhythmias. Further, because of source-sink relationships, we expect that conduction block is more likely to occur at branch points and the Purkinje-muscle than along the Purkinje bundles. 3. To determine the effects of Cx40 null mutation on sinus rhythm and impulse propagation in the atria of the adult mouse heart. Cx40 is expressed in both atria and the sinus node of the mouse. It has been shown that the lack of Cx40 results in P wave prolongation and atrial tachyarrhythmias, including fibrillation. However, in the absence of such arrhythmias, RR interval is unaffected in Cx40-/- mice. We postulate that Cx40 plays a crucial role in intercellular communication in the atria and helps maintain normal intraatrial conduction, but is not essential for synchronized pacemaker discharge in the sinus node. We propose also that the reduction in intercellular communication within the atria of the CX40 knockout mouse is accompanied by an increased susceptibility to reentrant arrhythmias. Overall, the studies proposed are highly significant in that they will provide definite proof or refutation to long-held assumptions regarding the fundamental role of connexins in cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with bundle branch block, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for bundle branch block (hyperlinks lead to article summaries):

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A case of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with incomplete right bundle branch block and persistent ST segment elevation. Author(s): Sumiyoshi M, Nakata Y, Hisaoka T, Ogura S, Nakazato Y, Kawai S, Okada R, Yamaguchi H. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1993 September; 34(5): 661-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8301852

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A comparison of the conventional criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy before and after the development of complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Chung DK, Panitch NM, Chung EK. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 1969 January; 33(1): 19-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4239118

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A new ECG sign of an accessory pathway in sinus rhythm: pseudo partial right bundle branch block. Author(s): Lau EW, Ng GA, Griffith MJ. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 1999 August; 82(2): 244-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10409546

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A preexcited left bundle branch block tachycardia: what is the tachycardia mechanism? Author(s): Morady F. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1997 June; 8(6): 722-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9209973

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A standardized conventional evaluation of the mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block. Author(s): Donateo P, Brignole M, Alboni P, Menozzi C, Raviele A, Del Rosso A, Dinelli M, Solano A, Bottoni N, Croci F. Source: Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2002 October; 4(4): 357-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12408253

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A young man with recurrent syncopes, right bundle branch block and ST segment elevation. Author(s): Vanpee D, Blommaert D, Gillet JB, De Roy L. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1999 October; 17(6): 601-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10530545

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Accuracy of exercise echocardiography to detect coronary artery disease in left bundle branch block unassociated with either acute or healed myocardial infarction. Author(s): Peteiro J, Monserrat L, Martinez D, Castro-Beiras A. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2000 April 1; 85(7): 890-3, A9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10758935

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Acquired left bundle branch block in an asymptomatic fighter pilot: a case report. Author(s): Newman DG. Source: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1999 December; 70(12): 1219-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10596779

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Acute chest pain with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Hancock EW. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 2000 January 15; 35(1): 35-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10645987

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Acute haemodynamic effects of AV-synchronous pacemaker stimulation in patients with congestive heart failure and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Kowalsky M, Grove R, Kranig W, Kluczka A. Source: Przegl Lek. 2001; 58(5): 415-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11603174

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Acute myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Shepherd M, Hardern R. Source: Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine. 2000 January; 17(1): 74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10659001

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Acute myocardial infarction presenting as masquerading bundle branch block. Author(s): Dwivedi S, Suresh K. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1999 August; 47(8): 838-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10778641

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Acute pulmonary edema induced by left bundle branch block. Author(s): Grover M, Engler RL. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 September 1; 52(5): 648-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6613893

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Adenosine-induced right bundle branch block in a patient with recurrent tachycardia. Author(s): Kabell G, Miller GD, Fitzgerald TF, Cook JR, Kirchhoffer JB. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1997 August; 20(8 Pt 1): 2012-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9272542

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Alternating bundle branch block. Author(s): Indik JH. Source: Cardiology in Review. 2003 March-April; 11(2): 56-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12620129

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Apparent bradycardia-dependent right bundle branch block associated with atrial fibrillation: concealed electrotonic conduction as a possible mechanism. Author(s): Kinoshita S, Katoh T, Tsujimura Y, Sasaki Y. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2001 January; 34(1): 81-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11239377

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Appearance of right bundle branch block in electrocardiograms of patients with pulmonary embolism as a marker for obstruction of the main pulmonary trunk. Author(s): Petrov DB. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2001 July; 34(3): 185-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11455507

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Are right and left bundle branch block similarly associated with increased risk of mortality? Author(s): Behar S. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2001 March; 110(4): 318-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11239854

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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy underlies syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST-segment elevation, and sudden death. Author(s): Tada H, Aihara N, Ohe T, Yutani C, Hamada S, Miyanuma H, Takamiya M, Kamakura S. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1998 February 15; 81(4): 519-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9485151

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Asymmetric thickness of the left ventricular wall resulting from asynchronous electric activation: a study in dogs with ventricular pacing and in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Prinzen FW, Cheriex EC, Delhaas T, van Oosterhout MF, Arts T, Wellens HJ, Reneman RS. Source: American Heart Journal. 1995 November; 130(5): 1045-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7484735

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Beat-to-beat variation of the ST segment in a patient with right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation, and ventricular fibrillation: a case report. Author(s): Hirata K, Takagi Y, Nakada M, Kyushima M, Asato H. Source: Angiology. 1998 January; 49(1): 87-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9456171

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Benign left bundle branch block. Author(s): Beach TB, Gracey JG, Peter RH, Grunenwald PW. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1969 February; 70(2): 269-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5764503

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Biventricular pacing in heart failure: back to basics in the pathophysiology of left bundle branch block to reduce the number of nonresponders. Author(s): Ansalone G, Giannantoni P, Ricci R, Trambaiolo P, Fedele F, Santini M. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 May 8; 91(9A): 55F-61F. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12729851

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Body surface Laplacian mapping in patients with left or right ventricular bundle branch block. Author(s): Umetani K, Okamoto Y, Mashima S, Ono K, Hosaka H, He B. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1998 November; 21(11 Pt 1): 204354. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9826855

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Body surface mapping criteria for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy associated with complete right bundle branch block. Author(s): Song Y, Ibukiyama C, Takimiya A, Sasaki A. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1996 October; 29(4): 279-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8913902

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Body surface mapping improves early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Maynard SJ, Menown IB, Manoharan G, Allen J, McC Anderson J, Adgey AA. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2003 September; 89(9): 998-1002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12923008

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Body surface maps in left bundle branch block uncomplicated or complicated by myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial ischemia. Author(s): Musso E, Stilli D, Macchi E, Regoliosi G, Brambilla C, Francescon P, Bo M, Rolli A, Botti G, Taccardi B. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1987 January; 20(1): 1-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2951472

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Bradycardia-dependent bundle branch block during Mobitz I second degree heart block. Author(s): Tate DA, Simpson RJ Jr, Gettes LS. Source: Chest. 1989 February; 95(2): 438-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2914497

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Bundle branch block after coronary bypass surgery. Author(s): Bantea C. Source: American Heart Journal. 1982 November; 104(5 Pt 1): 1114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6982609

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Bundle branch block after ventricular tachycardia: a manifestation of "fatigue" or "overdrive suppression". Author(s): Fisch C. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1984 June; 3(6): 1562-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6715713

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Bundle branch block and acute myocardial infarction. Treatment and outcome. Author(s): Gunnarsson G, Eriksson P, Dellborg M. Source: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal : Scj. 2000 December; 34(6): 575-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11214010

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Bundle branch block and cardiac resynchronization therapy: do we need to look further before we leap? Author(s): Saksena S. Source: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology : an International Journal of Arrhythmias and Pacing. 2003 June; 8(3): 163-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12815300

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Bundle branch block and syncope? Right bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock and prolonged PR interval-trifascicular block. Author(s): Barendra C, Teo WS. Source: Singapore Med J. 1993 December; 34(6): 560, 576. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8153725

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Bundle branch block as a predictor of long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Brilakis ES, Wright RS, Kopecky SL, Reeder GS, Williams BA, Miller WL. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2001 August 1; 88(3): 205-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11472694

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Bundle branch block during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia onset in infants. Author(s): Goldstein M, Dunnigan A, Milstein S, Benson DW Jr. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1989 February 1; 63(5): 301-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2913732

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Bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Hollander G, Nadiminti V, Lichstein E, Greengart A, Sanders M. Source: American Heart Journal. 1983 May; 105(5): 738-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6846118

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Bundle branch block in acute Q wave inferior wall myocardial infarction. A high risk subgroup of inferior myocardial infarction patients. The SPRINT Study Group. Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israeli Nifedipine Trial. Author(s): Hod H, Goldbourt U, Behar S. Source: European Heart Journal. 1995 April; 16(4): 471-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7671891

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Bundle branch block in alternate beats: the role of supernormal and concealed bundle branch conduction. Author(s): Luzza F, Consolo A, Oreto G. Source: Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical Care. 1995 July-August; 24(4): 312-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7591798

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Bundle branch reentry ventricular tachycardia with two distinct left bundle branch block morphologies. Author(s): Wang CW, Sterba R, Tchou P. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1997 June; 8(6): 688-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9209970

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Calcium channel blockers as first line treatment for broad complex tachycardia with right bundle branch block: ingenuity or folly? Author(s): Wang JC, Lim SH, Teo WS, Anantharaman V. Source: Resuscitation. 2002 February; 52(2): 175-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11841885

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Carbamazepine induced right bundle branch block in a Greenlandic patient. Author(s): Gelvan A, Pallisgaard G. Source: Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001 August; 60(3): 407-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11590881

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Cardiac pacing in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block: impact of pacing site for optimizing left ventricular resynchronization. Author(s): Pappone C, Rosanio S, Oreto G, Tocchi M, Gulletta S, Salvati A, Dicandia C, Santinelli V, Mazzone P, Veglia F, Ding J, Sallusti L, Spinelli J, Vicedomini G. Source: Ital Heart J. 2000 July; 1(7): 464-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10933328

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Cardiac resynchronization therapy can reverse abnormal myocardial strain distribution in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Breithardt OA, Stellbrink C, Herbots L, Claus P, Sinha AM, Bijnens B, Hanrath P, Sutherland GR. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 August 6; 42(3): 486-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12906978

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Cardiac resynchronization therapy homogenizes myocardial glucose metabolism and perfusion in dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Nowak B, Sinha AM, Schaefer WM, Koch KC, Kaiser HJ, Hanrath P, Buell U, Stellbrink C. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 May 7; 41(9): 1523-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12742293

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Case report: left bundle branch block--a rare complication of citalopram overdose. Author(s): Snider RD. Source: J S C Med Assoc. 2001 September; 97(9): 380-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11584496

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Chest maps of heart potentials in right bundle branch block. Author(s): Taccardi B, de Ambroggi L, Riva D. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1969; 2(2): 109-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5793102

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Circulating N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor and endothelin levels in patients with syndrome X and left bundle branch block with preserved systolic function. Author(s): Dudek D, Rzeszutko L, Petkow Dimitrow P, Bartus S, Sorysz D, Chyrchel M, Rakowski T, Zdzienicka A, Guevara I, Dembinska-Kiec A, Dubiel JS. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 2001 June; 79(1): 25-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11399338

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Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation syndrome: A prospective evaluation of 52 families. Author(s): Priori SG, Napolitano C, Gasparini M, Pappone C, Della Bella P, Brignole M, Giordano U, Giovannini T, Menozzi C, Bloise R, Crotti L, Terreni L, Schwartz PJ. Source: Circulation. 2000 November 14; 102(20): 2509-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11076825

Studies

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Clinical implication of left precordial T wave inversions in the presence of complete right bundle branch block. Author(s): Suzuki J, Shin WS, Shimamoto R, Yamazaki T, Tsuji T, Murakawa Y, Nakajima T, Toyo-oka T, Nishikawa J, Ohotomo K, Nagai R, Omata M. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1999 November; 40(6): 745-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10737558

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Clinical symptoms and myocardial infarction in left bundle branch block patients. Author(s): Shlipak MG, Go AS, Lyons WL, Browner WS. Source: Cardiology. 2000; 93(1-2): 100-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10894914

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Comparison of regional myocardial blood flow and perfusion in dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block: role of wall thickening. Author(s): Nowak B, Stellbrink C, Schaefer WM, Sinha AM, Breithardt OA, Kaiser HJ, Reinartz P, Hanrath P, Buell U. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2004 March; 45(3): 414-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15001681

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Comparison of thallium-201 exercise SPECT and dobutamine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Tandogan I, Yetkin E, Yanik A, Ulusoy FV, Temizhan A, Cehreli S, Sasmaz A. Source: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2001 October; 17(5): 33945. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12025947

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Comparison of total body surface map depolarization patterns of left bundle branch block and normal axis with left bundle branch block and left-axis deviation. Author(s): Sohi GS, Flowers NC, Horan LG, Sridharan MR, Johnson JC. Source: Circulation. 1983 March; 67(3): 660-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6821910

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Complete bundle branch block as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality: report of 7,073 patients referred for nuclear exercise testing. Author(s): Hesse B, Diaz LA, Snader CE, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2001 March; 110(4): 253-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11239842

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Complete heart block during central venous catheter placement in a patient with preexisting left bundle branch block. Author(s): Unnikrishnan D, Idris N, Varshneya N. Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2003 November; 91(5): 747-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14570803

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Complete left bundle branch block: is the diagnosis of myocardial infarction possible? Author(s): Wackers FJ. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1983; 2(5-6): 521-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6840920

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Complete right bundle branch block. Author(s): Quinn RJ, Feingold RM. Source: J Insur Med. 2001; 33(3): 273. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11558409

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Continuous ST-segment monitoring of patients with left bundle branch block and suspicion of acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Gunnarsson G, Eriksson P, Dellborg M. Source: Journal of Internal Medicine. 2004 May; 255(5): 571-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15078499

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Correlation between interventricular septal motion and left ventricular systolicdiastolic function in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Hayashi T, Sakai Y, Kobayashi S, Ishii Y, Inoue T, Yamaguchi H, Morooka S. Source: J Cardiol. 2000 March; 35(3): 181-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10808425

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Deceleration--dependent left bundle branch block in rheumatic carditis. Author(s): Kumar PD, Sahasranam KV, Chandrasekharan KG. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1993 March; 41(3): 171-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8226603

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Detecting exercise-induced ischemia in left bundle branch block using the electrocardiogram. Author(s): Ibrahim NS, Abboud G, Selvester RS, Hagar JM, Ellestad MH. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1998 September 15; 82(6): 832-5, A11. Erratum In: Am J Cardiol 1999 January 1; 83(1): 142. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9761105

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Detection of left anterior descending coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Civelek AC, Gozukara I, Durski K, Ozguven MA, Brinker JA, Links JM, Camargo EE, Wagner HN Jr, Flaherty JT. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1992 December 15; 70(20): 1565-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1466324

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Detection of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis in patients with left bundle branch block: exercise, adenosine or dobutamine imaging? Author(s): Vaduganathan P, He ZX, Raghavan C, Mahmarian JJ, Verani MS. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1996 September; 28(3): 543-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8772737

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Determinants of successful ablation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardias with left bundle branch block morphology from the right ventricular outflow tract. Author(s): Lee SH, Tai CT, Chiang CE, Huang JL, Chiou CW, Ding YA, Chang MS, Chen SA. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 2002 September; 25(9): 1346-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12380771

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Diagnosing acute myocardial infarction in the setting of left bundle branch block: prevalence and observer variability from a large community study. Author(s): Gula LJ, Dick A, Massel D. Source: Coronary Artery Disease. 2003 August; 14(5): 387-93. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12878904

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Diagnosis of coronary artery disease with Tl-201 SPECT in patients with left bundle branch block: importance of alternative interpretation approaches for left anterior descending coronary lesions. Author(s): Tandogan I, Yetkin E, Ileri M, Ortapamuk H, Yanik A, Cehreli S, Duru E. Source: Angiology. 2001 February; 52(2): 103-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11228082

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Diagnosis of myocardial infarction-induced ventricular aneurysm in the presence of complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Madias JE, Ashtiani R, Agarwal H, Win M, Narayan VK, Sinha A. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2001 April; 34(2): 147-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11320463

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Diagnosis of right ventricular overload by body surface QRST isointegral maps in children with postoperative right bundle branch block. Author(s): Asano Y, Izumida N, Kiyohara K, Hosaki J, Kawano S, Sawanobori T, Hiraoka M. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1995 July; 28(3): 209-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7595123

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Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram in patients with preexisting right bundle branch block. Author(s): Yen RS, Miranda C, Froelicher VF. Source: American Heart Journal. 1994 June; 127(6): 1521-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8197978

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Diagnostic dilemma. Digitalis toxicity with a preexisting bundle branch block. Author(s): Evans T. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2000 April 15; 108(6): 504, 512-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10866583

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Diagnostic value of exercise electrocardiography for predicting a positive scintigraphic test in patients with complete right bundle branch block. Author(s): Mammana C, Cox ID, Azzarelli S, Galassi AR, Foti R, Gulizia G, Rodi G, Giuffrida G. Source: Cardiologia. 1999 August; 44(8): 727-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10476598

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Differentiation of septal from free wall accessory pathway location: observations during bundle branch block in reciprocating tachycardia in the presence of type I antiarrhythmic drugs. Author(s): Broughton A, Gallagher JJ, German LD, Guarnieri T, Trantham JL. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 October 1; 52(7): 751-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6624667

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Differing effects of right ventricular pacing and left bundle branch block on left ventricular function. Author(s): Xiao HB, Brecker SJ, Gibson DG. Source: British Heart Journal. 1993 February; 69(2): 166-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8435243

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Difficulties in the use of electrocardiographic criteria for the differential diagnosis of left bundle branch block pattern tachycardia in patients with a structurally normal heart. Author(s): Griffith MJ, de Belder MA, Linker NJ, Ward DE, Camm AJ. Source: European Heart Journal. 1992 April; 13(4): 478-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1600985

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Dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy for improved detection of left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Jukema JW, van der Wall EE, van der Vis-Melsen MJ, Kruyswijk HH, Bruschke AV. Source: European Heart Journal. 1993 January; 14(1): 53-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8432292

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Distinct left bundle branch block pattern in ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Author(s): Bayes-Genis A, Lopez L, Vinolas X, Elosua R, Brossa V, Camprecios M, Mateo M, Cinca J, Bayes de Luna A. Source: European Journal of Heart Failure : Journal of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. 2003 March; 5(2): 165-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12644007

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Dobutamine thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in patients with left bundle branch block and normal coronary arteries. Author(s): Caner B, Rezaghi C, Uysal U, Tokgozoglu L, Kabakci G, Elahi N, Kes S, Aras T, Ugur O, Bekdik C. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1997 March; 38(3): 424-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9074531

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Double-wave reentry in orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia: paradoxical shortening of the tachycardia cycle length with development of ipsilateral bundle branch block. Author(s): Coromilas J, Kassotis J, Dizon J, Reiffel J, Costeas C, Lipka L. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1998 August; 9(8): 845-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9727663

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Dual antegrade His bundle pathways with alternating bundle branch block. Author(s): Ahmed R, Sager PT, Behboodikah M, Singh BN. Source: American Heart Journal. 1993 June; 125(6): 1784-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8498329

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ECG of the month. Anatomy 101. Acute anterior myocardial infarct and complete right bundle branch block due to occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery proximal to the first septal perforating branch. Author(s): Glancy DL, Cospolich B, Breaux D, Nair R. Source: J La State Med Soc. 2002 May-June; 154(3): 109-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12139352

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ECG of the month. Complex issues. Myocardial infarction; left bundle branch block. Author(s): Martinez-Lopez JI. Source: J La State Med Soc. 2001 December; 153(12): 571-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11804448

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ECG of the month. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block morphology and right axis deviation. Author(s): Belhassen B, Glick A, Herz I, Berger M, Swissa M. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 September; 5(9): 679-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14509167

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ECG of the month. Pushover. Right bundle branch block with dextrocardia due to eventration of the left hemi-diaphragm. Author(s): Glancy DL, Celebi MM. Source: J La State Med Soc. 2003 July-August; 155(4): 183-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14506821

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Effect of biventricular pacing on metabolism and perfusion in patients affected by dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block: evaluation by positron emission tomography. Author(s): Neri G, Zanco P, Zanon F, Buchberger R. Source: Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2003 January; 5(1): 111-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12504650

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Effect of left bundle branch block on systolic and diastolic function of left ventricle in heart failure. Author(s): Ozdemir K, Altunkeser BB, Korkut B, Tokac M, Gok H. Source: Angiology. 2004 January-February; 55(1): 63-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14759091

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Effect of rate-dependent left bundle branch block on global and regional left ventricular function. Author(s): Bramlet DA, Morris KG, Coleman RE, Albert D, Cobb FR. Source: Circulation. 1983 May; 67(5): 1059-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6831671

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Effect of the isolated left bundle branch block on systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricle. Author(s): Ozdemir K, Altunkeser BB, Danis G, Ozdemir A, Uluca Y, Tokac M, Telli HH, Gok H. Source: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2001 November; 14(11): 1075-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11696831

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Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on myocardial blood flow measured by oxygen-15 water positron emission tomography in idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Nowak B, Stellbrink C, Sinha AM, Kaiser HJ, Reinartz P, Koos R, Markus K, Hanrath P, Buell U, Schaefer WM. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2004 February 15; 93(4): 496-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14969635

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EKG of the month: bundle branch block. Author(s): Ticaric ST. Source: Critical Care Nurse. 1983 May-June; 3(3): 6, 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6222886

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Electrocardiograms of the month: atrial fibrillation and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Rubin IL, Frieden J. Source: N Y State J Med. 1982 November; 82(12): 1711-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6960275

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Electrocardiographic demonstration of intermittent left bundle branch block because of the "linking" phenomenon. Author(s): Erdogan O, Altun A. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2002 April; 35(2): 143-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11953914

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Electrocardiographic-pathologic conference. Left bundle branch block. Author(s): Scott RC. Source: Ohio State Med J. 1968 April; 64(4): 466-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5655634

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Electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular extrastimulation-induced dissipation of functional bundle branch block associated with supraventricular tachycardia. Author(s): Wang SH, Han J, Hou C, Sung RJ. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2001 August; 12(8): 928-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11513445

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Electrophysiologic studies in patients with bundle branch block. Author(s): Scheinman MM, Peters RW, Morady F, Sauve MJ, Malone P, Modin G. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1983 September; 6(5 Pt 2): 1157-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6195635

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Epicardial activation in bundle branch block. Author(s): Wyndham CR. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1983 September; 6(5 Pt 2): 1201-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6195640

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Etiologies of left bundle branch block and correlations with hemodynamic and angiographic findings. Author(s): Jain AC, Mehta MC. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 June 1; 91(11): 1375-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12767441

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Evidence of a concealed accessory pathway during a tachycardia with three QRS morphologies and cycle length variations related to functional bundle branch block. Author(s): Bagliani G, De Ponti R, Balducci L, Salerno-Uriarte JA. Source: Ital Heart J. 2002 March; 3(3): 211-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11974668

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Exercise-induced bidirectional ventricular tachycardia with alternating right and left bundle branch block-type patterns--a case report. Author(s): Khan IA. Source: Angiology. 2002 September-October; 53(5): 593-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12365869

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Exercise-induced left bundle branch block in a young female athlete. Author(s): Giordano U, Crosio G, Calzolari A. Source: Cardiology in the Young. 2003 August; 13(4): 367-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14694959

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Facilitation of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia by iatrogenic right bundle branch block. Author(s): Calo L, Lamberti F, Golia P, Loricchio ML, Castro A, Boggi A, Pandozi C, Santini M. Source: Ital Heart J. 2001 June; 2(6): 468-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11453585

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Factors influencing prognosis of bundle branch block complicating acute anteroseptal infarction. The value of his bundle recordings. Author(s): Lie KI, Wellens HJ, Schuilenburg RM, Becker AE, Durrer D. Source: Circulation. 1974 November; 50(5): 935-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4430096

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False-positive results obtained with stress myocardial SPECT in patients with right bundle branch block. Author(s): Kucuk NO, Arican P, Ibis E, Aras G, Berkalp B, Oral D, Kir KM. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2000 August; 25(8): 585-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10944010

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False-positive reversible perfusion defect during dobutamine-thallium imaging in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Tighe DA, Hutchinson HG, Park CH, Chung EK, Fischman DL, Raichlen JS. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1994 December; 35(12): 1989-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7989982

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False-positive Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT in a patient with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Campeau RJ, Garcia OM, Colon R, Agusala M, Correa OA. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1993 January; 18(1): 40-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8422718

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False-positive Tl-201 SPECT studies in patients with left bundle branch block. Frequency and clinical significance. Author(s): Kipper MS, Grosshans C, Ashburn WL. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1991 December; 16(12): 890-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1769166

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False-positive Tl-201 SPECT studies in patients with left bundle branch block: frequency and clinical significance. Author(s): Campeau RJ. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1992 June; 17(6): 519. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1617854

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Familial cardiomyopathy associated with right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation and sudden death. Author(s): Fontaine G. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1996 August; 28(2): 540-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8800140

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Familial cardiomyopathy underlies syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation and sudden death. Author(s): Corrado D, Nava A, Buja G, Martini B, Fasoli G, Oselladore L, Turrini P, Thiene G. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1996 February; 27(2): 443-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8557918

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Fascicular parasystole associated with tachycardia-dependent right bundle branch block. Author(s): Hirai J, Nishimura M, Matoba M, Akashi Y, Saga T, Watanabe Y. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1989 September; 12(9): 1451-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2476773

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Findings of prognostic value in patients with incomplete bilateral bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Lichstein E, Gupta PK, Chadda KD, Liu HM, Sayeed M. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1973 December; 32(7): 913-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4757230

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Follow-up studies in patients with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock: significance of H-V interval. Author(s): Gupta PK, Lichstein E, Chadda KD. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1977 July; 10(3): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=881601

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Frequency analysis of QRS complex with bundle branch block in patients with and without sustained ventricular tachycardia. Author(s): Yoneda N, Itoh S, Fujimoto T, Kurogane H, Yoshida Y. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 1993 November; 57(11): 1027-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8230680

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Frequency and significance of right bundle branch block after cardiac transplantation. Author(s): Jessen ME, Olivari MT, Wait MA, Meyer DM, Yancey CW Jr, Ring WS. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1994 May 15; 73(13): 1009-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8184837

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Frequency of false-positive septal defects on adenosine/201T1 images in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Patel R, Bushnell DL, Wagner R, Stumbris R. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1995 March; 16(3): 137-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7770235

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Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony. Author(s): Grines CL, Bashore TM, Boudoulas H, Olson S, Shafer P, Wooley CF. Source: Circulation. 1989 April; 79(4): 845-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2924415

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Functional bundle branch block as a delayed manifestation of retrograde concealment in the His-Purkinje system. Author(s): Gonzalez-Zuelgaray J, Sheikh S, Akhtar M, Jazayeri MR. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1996 March; 7(3): 248-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8867299

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Functional bundle branch block: discordant response of right and left bundle branches to changes in heart rate. Author(s): Chilson DA, Zipes DP, Heger JJ, Browne KF, Prystowsky EN. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1984 August 1; 54(3): 313-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6465011

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Further characterization of the syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death. Author(s): Brugada J, Brugada P. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 1997 March; 8(3): 325-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9083883

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Further observations on the etiology of the right bundle branch block pattern following right ventriculotomy. Author(s): Krongrad E, Hefler SE, Bowman FO Jr, Malm JR, Hoffman BF. Source: Circulation. 1974 December; 50(6): 1105-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4430109

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Guide wire as a cause of complete heart block in patients with preexisting left bundle branch block. Author(s): Eissa NT, Kvetan V. Source: Anesthesiology. 1990 October; 73(4): 772-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2221445

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Heart sounds in bundle branch block. Observations on 244 cases. Author(s): Segall HN, Sharp A. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1967 September; 8(5): 468-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5299704

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Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of encainide in patients with bundle branch block. Author(s): Schwartz AB, Shapiro WA, Suave MJ, Shen E, Bhandari A, Morady F, Scheinman M. Source: The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 1987 March; 3(2): 75-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3105850

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Hemodynamic findings in patients with left bundle branch block after myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Author(s): Dalvi B. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1994; 8(3): 165. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8011355

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Hemodynamic findings in patients with left bundle branch block after myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Author(s): Klein RM, Schwartzkopff B, Schulte HD, Losse B, Strauer BE. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1993; 7(10): 528-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8267993

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Hemodynamic implications of left bundle branch block. Author(s): Littmann L, Symanski JD. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2000; 33 Suppl: 115-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11265710

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Hereditary right axis deviation: electrocardiographic pattern of pseudo left posterior hemiblock and incomplete right bundle branch block. Author(s): Lorber A, Maisuls E, Naschitz J. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1988 September; 20(3): 399-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3170041

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His bundle electrocardiography (HBE) and spatial vectorcardiography in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Talwar KK, Titus T, Bhatia ML. Source: Indian Heart J. 1984 July-August; 36(4): 245-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6500619

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His bundle recordings in patients with bundle branch block and transient neurologic symptoms. Author(s): Scheinman M, Weiss A, Kunkel F. Source: Circulation. 1973 August; 48(2): 322-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4726212

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His' bundle recordings, bundle branch block, and myocardial infarction. Author(s): Aranda JM, Befeler B, Castellanos A Jr. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1977 January; 86(1): 106-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=835908

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Histologic observations of the cardiac conduction system in a patient with postoperative bilateral bundle branch block. Author(s): Krongrad E, Bharati S, Steinfeld L, Lev M. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1977 October; 40(4): 635-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=910729

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Histological studies on the conduction system in 14 cases of right bundle branch block associated with left axis deviation. Author(s): Sugiura M, Okada R, Hiraoka K, Okawa S. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1969 March; 10(2): 121-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5305685

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Histopathological study on the conduction system of complete right bundle branch block with references to configuration of QRS complex. Author(s): Fukuda K, Nakata Y, Okada R, Takagi T. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1979 November; 20(6): 831-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=522245

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Historic aeromedical perspective on left bundle branch block. Author(s): Wehrly DJ. Source: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 1986 May; 57(5): 462-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3518692

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How can you distinguish supraventricular tachycardia with a bundle branch block from ventricular tachycardia? Author(s): Drew BJ, Ide B. Source: Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing. 1993 Summer; 8(1): 48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8372089

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H-V interval in patients with bifascicular block (right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock). Clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic correlations. Author(s): Denes P, Dhingra RC, Wu D, Chuquimia R, Amat-Y-Leon F, Wyndham C, Rosen KM. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1975 January; 35(1): 23-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=122784

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Hyperkalemia-induced bundle branch block and complete heart block. Author(s): Ohmae M, Rabkin SW. Source: Clin Cardiol. 1981 January; 4(1): 43-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7226590

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Hyperkalemic left bundle branch block and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (hyperkalemic left bundle branch block). Author(s): Leor R, Stalnikowicz R. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1986 January; 19(1): 93-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3543195

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I am a 50-year-old male who has completed several marathons over the last 20 years. At my last physical examination, my electrocardiogram came back with a reading of "sinus arrhythmia" and "incomplete right bundle branch block." My physician is not concerned about these findings, but should I be? Author(s): Lee TH. Source: Harvard Heart Letter : from Harvard Medical School. 1998 October; 9(2): 7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9780873

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Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia with a right bundle branch block morphology and left axis deviation ("Belhassen type"): results of radiofrequency ablation in 18 patients. Author(s): Topilski L, Glick A, Belhassen B. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2004 April; 6(4): 195-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15115255

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Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation: a unique clinical entity with specific properties. Author(s): Lin FC, Finley CD, Rahimtoola SH, Wu D. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 July; 52(1): 95-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6858937

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Images in cardiology. Ventricular pacing and right bundle branch block morphology: diagnosis and management. Author(s): Blommaert D, Mucumbitsi J, De Roy L. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2000 June; 83(6): 666. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10814625

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Implications of left bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty. Author(s): Moreno R, Garcia E, Lopez de Sa E, Abeytua M, Soriano J, Ortega A, Rubio R, Lopez-Sendon JL. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 August 15; 90(4): 401-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12161230

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Incidence and prognostic significance of right bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Islam MN, Ali MA, Saha GK, Islam MF, Islam KQ, Rahman MS. Source: Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2002 April; 28(1): 26-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12587758

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Incomplete right bundle branch block during supraventricular tachycardia: fact or fiction? Author(s): Calabro MP, Bramanti O, Oreto G. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003 January; 14(1): 107-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12625621

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Inferior myocardial infarction concealed by a complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Altieri PI, Banchs H, Martinez J. Source: Bol Asoc Med P R. 1983 March; 75(3): 127-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6577868

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Intermittent bundle branch block. Author(s): Singh R, Wahi PL. Source: Indian Heart J. 1968 April; 20(2): 207-13. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5738433

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Intermittent bundle branch block. Author(s): Ott P. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 2001 October; 24(10): 1559-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11707050

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Intermittent bundle branch block: what is the mechanism? Author(s): Fisch C. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2000 November; 11(11): 1294. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11083253

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Intermittent left bundle branch block: what is the mechanism? Author(s): Vereckei A, Tenczer J. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003 September; 14(9): 1010-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12950550

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Intermittent left, right and bilateral bundle branch block. Author(s): Sepaha GC, Jain SR. Source: Dis Chest. 1968 June; 53(6): 779-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5653756

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Intermittent right bundle branch block due to digoxin toxicity--a rare electrocardiographic manifestation. Author(s): Sundar S, Avasthey P, Burma DP, Vaish SK. Source: Indian Heart J. 1983 July-August; 35(4): 238-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6629406

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Interobserver agreement in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Sokolove PE, Sgarbossa EB, Amsterdam EA, Gelber R, Lee TC, Maynard C, Richards JR, Valente R, Wagner GS. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2000 December; 36(6): 566-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11097696

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Intrahisian functional bundle branch block. Author(s): Iesaka Y, Rozanski JJ, Pinakatt T, Gosselin AJ, Lister JW. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1982 September; 5(5): 667-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6182537

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Intraventricular conduction defects in patients with congestive heart failure: left but not right bundle branch block is an independent predictor of prognosis. A report from the Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure (IN-CHF database). Author(s): Baldasseroni S, Gentile A, Gorini M, Marchionni N, Marini M, Masotti G, Porcu M, Maggioni AP; Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure Investigators. Source: Ital Heart J. 2003 September; 4(9): 607-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14635378

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Is the prognosis poorer in heart transplanted patients who develop a right bundle branch block? Author(s): Osa A, Almenar L, Arnau MA, Martinez-Dolz L, Rueda J, Morillas P, Palencia M. Source: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. 2000 February; 19(2): 207-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10703698

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Isolated bundle branch block and left ventricular dysfunction. Author(s): Lee SJ, McCulloch C, Mangat I, Foster E, De Marco T, Saxon LA. Source: Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2003 April; 9(2): 87-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12751128

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Isovolumic relaxation flow in patients with left bundle branch block and normal coronary arteriogram. Author(s): Golbasi Z, Atasever H, Akyurek N, Capanoglu M. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1998 September; 39(5): 653-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9925996

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Left atrial abnormality as an electrocardiographic criterion for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block. Author(s): Murphy ML, Thenabadu PN, de Soyza N, Doherty JE, Baker BJ. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 August; 52(3): 381-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6223523

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Left bundle branch block and coronary artery disease: accuracy of dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with exercise anteroseptal perfusion defects. Author(s): Lebtahi NE, Stauffer JC, Delaloye AB. Source: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. 1997 July-August; 4(4): 266-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9278872

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Left bundle branch block and increased transverse:frontal plane QRS voltage ratio in severe left ventricular dysfunction. Author(s): Chia BL, Lim YT, Tan HC, Yan PC. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1998 June 1; 65(1): 65-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9699933

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Left bundle branch block and mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. Author(s): Hultgren HN, Craige E, Fujii J, Nakamura T, Bilisoly J. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983 October 1; 52(7): 755-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6624668

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Left bundle branch block and private pilot licensing. Author(s): Dambrink JH, Dambrink JH. Source: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 2003 December; 74(12): 1292-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14692475

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Left bundle branch block and right axis deviation: a report of 36 cases. Author(s): Childers R, Lupovich S, Sochanski M, Konarzewska H. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2000; 33 Suppl: 93-102. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11265743

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Left bundle branch block in infants with dilated cardiomyopathy conveys a poor prognosis. Author(s): J Electrocardiol. 1999 Oct;32(4):373-5 Source: Cardiology in the Young. 1999 January; 9(1): 55-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10549915

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Left bundle branch block is not equivalent to "absent septal q wave". Author(s): Spodick DH. Source: American Heart Journal. 2003 September; 146(3): E9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12947380

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Left bundle branch block pattern complicating the electrocardiographic evaluation of acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Brady WJ Jr, Aufderheide TP. Source: Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 1997 January; 4(1): 56-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9110013

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Left bundle branch block with and without coronary artery disease: which value for a tissue Doppler-derived post-systolic motion? Author(s): Citro R, Galderisi M, Guarini P, Cicala S, Mattioli D, Bianco A, de Divitiis O, Gregorio G. Source: Ital Heart J. 2003 October; 4(10): 706-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14664284

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Left bundle branch block with changing QRS morphology. Author(s): Ranginani A, Doshi V, Denes P. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 2000 April; 23(4 Pt 1): 522-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10793445

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Left bundle branch block with ST segment elevation. Author(s): Hancock EW. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1997 July 15; 32(7): 27-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9227655

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Left bundle branch block. Author(s): Lamb LE. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1967 October; 42(4): 302-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6054119

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Left bundle branch block: a predictor of poor left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. Author(s): Hamby RI, Weissman RH, Prakash MN, Hoffman I. Source: American Heart Journal. 1983 September; 106(3): 471-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6881018

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Left ventricular Doppler diastolic filling patterns in patients with isolated left bundle branch block. Author(s): Sadaniantz A, Saint Laurent L. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1998 March 1; 81(5): 643-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9514467

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Left ventricular end-diastolic extrasystole with pseudonormalization of a left bundle branch block unmasking inferior ischemia. Author(s): Arnau Vives MA, Bonet LA, Lalaguna LA, Blasco PM, Dolz LM, Saez AO, Perez MP. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1999 January; 32(1): 73-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10037092

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Left ventricular performance during exercise in patients with left bundle branch block: evaluation by gated radionuclide ventriculography. Author(s): Rowe DW, De Puey EG, Sonnemaker RE, Hall RJ, Burdine JA. Source: American Heart Journal. 1983 January; 105(1): 66-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6295128

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Limitation of cardiac output by total isovolumic time during pharmacologic stress in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: activation-mediated effects of left bundle branch block and coronary artery disease. Author(s): Duncan AM, Francis DP, Henein MY, Gibson DG. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 January 1; 41(1): 121-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12570954

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Limitation of the atrial extrastimulus technique for assessment of the His-Purkinje system in patients with right bundle branch block. Author(s): Wyse DG, Szeto PM, Bond R. Source: Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique Et Experimentale. 1983; 6(4): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6671357

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Long-term outcome of painful left bundle branch block. Author(s): Candell-Riera J, Gordillo E, Oller-Martinez G, Pena C, Ferreira I, Soler-Soler J. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 March 1; 89(5): 602-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11867050

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Magnetic measurement of S-T and T-Q segment shifts in humans. Part I: Early repolarization and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Savard P, Cohen D, Lepeschkin E, Cuffin BN, Madias JE. Source: Circulation Research. 1983 August; 53(2): 264-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6883649

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Magnetocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with right bundle branch block. Author(s): Verzola RM, Baffa O, Wakai RT, Sousa PL. Source: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira De Biofisica. [et Al.]. 1995 November-December; 28(11-12): 1327-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8728862

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Masquerading bundle branch block. Author(s): Shah VK, Gandhi MJ. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1986 December; 34(12): 871-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3584044

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Mechanism for abnormal thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in patients with left bundle branch block in the absence of angiographic coronary artery disease. Author(s): Hasegawa S, Sakata Y, Ishikura F, Hirayama A, Kusuoka H, Nishimura T, Kodama K. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 1999 August; 13(4): 253-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10510882

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Mechanism of syncope in patients with bundle branch block and negative electrophysiological test. Author(s): Brignole M, Menozzi C, Moya A, Garcia-Civera R, Mont L, Alvarez M, Errazquin F, Beiras J, Bottoni N, Donateo P; International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Source: Circulation. 2001 October 23; 104(17): 2045-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11673344

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Mechanism of tachycardia-dependent bundle branch block. Author(s): Kinoshita S. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1984 May 15; 53(10): 1456-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6720592

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Metabolic mismatch of septal beta-oxidation and glucose utilization in left bundle branch block assessed with PET. Author(s): Altehoefer C, vom Dahl J, Bares R, Stocklin GL, Bull U. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1995 November; 36(11): 2056-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7472598

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M-mode echocardiography in left bundle branch block: significance of frontal plane QRS axis. Author(s): Strasberg B, Rich S, Lam W, Swiryn S, Bauernfeind R, Rosen KM. Source: American Heart Journal. 1982 October; 104(4 Pt 1): 775-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7124590

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Mortality analysis of complete right and left bundle branch block in a selected community population. Author(s): Iacovino JR. Source: J Insur Med. 1997; 29(2): 91-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10169636

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Mortality in 966 life insurance applicants with bundle branch block or wide QRS. Author(s): Singer RB. Source: Trans Assoc Life Insur Med Dir Am. 1969; 52: 94-114. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5393969

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Myocardial infarct, left bundle branch block, or both? Author(s): Hancock EW. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1988 June 15; 23(6): 61, 64-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3132476

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Myocardial infarction and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Mohammed A, Hassan T, Hamer W. Source: Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine. 2000 May; 17(3): 233. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10819400

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Myocardial infarction-induced ventricular aneurysm in the presence of complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Madias JE. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1999 October; 32(4): 373-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10549915

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Myocardial infarction-induced ventricular aneurysm in the presence of complete left bundle branch block: a case report suggesting a new electrocardiographic diagnostic criterion. Author(s): Madias JE, Kaminetsky A, Solanki N. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1999 April; 32(2): 179-83. Erratum In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10338037

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Myocardial perfusion and metabolic changes induced by biventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block: description of a case evaluated by positron emission tomography. Author(s): Neri G, Zanco P, Buchberger R. Source: Ital Heart J. 2001 June; 2(6): 472-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11453586

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Myocardial perfusion defects in left bundle branch block: true or false? Fact or artifact? Author(s): Wackers FJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. 1997 November-December; 4(6): 550-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9456196

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Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in left bundle branch block: a perspective on the issue from image analysis in a clinical context. Author(s): Krishnan R, Lu J, Zhu YY, Dae MW, Botvinick EH. Source: American Heart Journal. 1993 September; 126(3 Pt 1): 578-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8362712

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Myocardial perfusion, glucose utilization and oxidative metabolism in a patient with left bundle branch block, prior myocardial infarction and diabetes. Author(s): Zanco P, Chierichetti F, Fini A, Cargnel S, Ferlin G. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 February; 39(2): 261-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9476932

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Myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 and technetium-99m-hexakismethoxyisobutylisonitrile in left bundle branch block: a study in patients with and without coronary artery disease. Author(s): Knapp WH, Bentrup A, Schmidt U, Ohlmeier H. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1993 March; 20(3): 219-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8462610

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Myocardial viability by contrast enhanced MRI in a patient with left bundle branch block showing a severe defect on FDG-PET. Author(s): Kuhl HP, van de Weert AP, Beek AM, Visser FC, van Rossum AC. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2002 April; 87(4): 319. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11906999

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Natural history of combined right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock (bilateral bundle branch block). Author(s): DePasquale NP, Bruno MS. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1973 March; 54(3): 297-303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4689232

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Natural history of isolated bundle branch block. Author(s): Fahy GJ, Pinski SL, Miller DP, McCabe N, Pye C, Walsh MJ, Robinson K. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1996 June 1; 77(14): 1185-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8651093

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Nature of ventricular activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: evidence for bilateral bundle branch block. Author(s): Xiao HB, Roy C, Gibson DG. Source: British Heart Journal. 1994 August; 72(2): 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7917691

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Neural networks--a diagnostic tool in acute myocardial infarction with concomitant left bundle branch block. Author(s): Olsson SE, Ohlsson M, Ohlin H, Edenbrandt L. Source: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 2002 July; 22(4): 295-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12402453

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New bundle branch block after coronary artery bypass grafting--evaluation by CKMB isoenzyme analysis and transoesophageal echocardiography. Author(s): Hake U, Iversen S, Erbel R, Drexler M, Neufang A, Meyer J, Oelert H. Source: European Heart Journal. 1990 January; 11(1): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2307164

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New criteria for the diagnosis of healed inferior wall myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Laham CL, Hammill SC, Gibbons RJ. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1997 January 1; 79(1): 19-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9024729

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New criteria to increase the reliability of systolic time intervals in left bundle branch block and right ventricular pacing. Author(s): Cokkinos DV, Christoulas S, Trapalis C, Ioannou N, Diakoumakos N, Drakotos A, Edelman SK. Source: Acta Cardiol. 1988; 43(5): 583-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3266408

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New onset left bundle branch block with right axis deviation in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis. Author(s): Khurana C, Mazzone P, Mandell B. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2000 April; 33(2): 199-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10819414

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New Q waves do not always a new infarct spell: right bundle branch blockdependent Q waves simulating infarct extension. Author(s): Klein HO, David D. Source: Coronary Artery Disease. 1998; 9(1): 51-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9589192

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Newer concepts in bundle branch block. Author(s): Montgomery RR. Source: Md State Med J. 1970 May; 19(5): 99-100. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5524136

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Noninvasive and invasive evaluation of left bundle branch block (LBBB). Author(s): Shah KD, Daxini BV. Source: Acta Cardiol. 1990; 45(2): 125-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2339587

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Noninvasive myocardial imaging with potassium-43 and rubidium-81 in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): McGowan RL, Welch TG, Zaret BL, Bryson AL, Martin ND, Flamm MD. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1976 October; 38(4): 422-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=970329

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Normal H-V time in a patient with right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock and intermittent complete distal his block. Author(s): DeJoseph RL, Zipes DP. Source: Chest. 1973 April; 63(4): 564-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4695354

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Normal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and left bundle branch block: good prognosis in all patients? Author(s): Gil VM. Source: Rev Port Cardiol. 2002 November; 21(11): 1257-60. English, Portuguese. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12564078

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Normalisation of a bundle branch block pattern in early beats. The "supernormal" phase of intraventricular conduction intraventricular block due to phase 4 diastolic depolarisation. Author(s): Schamroth L, Lewis CM. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1971; 4(3): 199-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5126626

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Normalization of bundle branch block patterns by distal His bundle pacing. Clinical and experimental evidence of longitudinal dissociation in the pathologic his bundle. Author(s): El-Sherif N, Amay-Y-Leon F, Schonfield C, Scherlag BJ, Rosen K, Lazzara R, Wyndham C. Source: Circulation. 1978 March; 57(3): 473-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=624157

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Old age, left bundle branch block and acute myocardial infarction: a vexing and lethal combination. Author(s): Friesinger GC 2nd, Smith RF. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2000 September; 36(3): 713-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10987589

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On the causes of the changes of the second heart sound in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Luisada AA, Kumar S, Pouget MJ. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1972 July; 13(4): 281-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4539188

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Optimal control of intermittent normal conduction in a tachycardia-dependent right bundle branch block. Author(s): Izumi K. Source: Mater Med Pol. 1996 October-December; 28(4): 141-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9308337

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Optimal interpretation of the supine exercise electrocardiogram in patients with right bundle branch block. Author(s): Wangsnes KM, Gibbons RJ. Source: Chest. 1990 December; 98(6): 1379-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2245678

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Oral amiodarone therapy leading to complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Sinha PR, Gupta PR, Somani PN. Source: Indian Heart J. 1991 November-December; 43(6): 473-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1823899

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Painful left bundle branch block detected during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Author(s): Ciaroni S, Urban P. Source: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2002 November; 15(11): 1405-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12415237

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Perfusion and functional abnormalities outside the septal region in patients with left bundle branch block assessed with gated SPECT. Author(s): Bavelaar-Croon CD, Wahba FF, Van Hecke MV, Atsma DE, Stokkel MP, Pauwels EK, Van der Wall EE. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 2001 March; 45(1): 108-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11456369

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Perioperative transcutaneous pacemaker in patients with chronic bifascicular block or left bundle branch block and additional first-degree atrioventricular block. Author(s): Gauss A, Hubner C, Meierhenrich R, Rohm HJ, Georgieff M, Schutz W. Source: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1999 August; 43(7): 731-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10456813

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Phase image characterization of ventricular contraction in left and right bundle branch block. Author(s): Frais MA, Botvinick EH, Shosa DW, O'Connell WJ, Scheinman MM, Hattner RS, Morady F. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1982 July; 50(1): 95-105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7091010

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Phasic coronary flow pattern and flow reserve in patients with left bundle branch block and normal coronary arteries. Author(s): Skalidis EI, Kochiadakis GE, Koukouraki SI, Parthenakis FI, Karkavitsas NS, Vardas PE. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999 April; 33(5): 1338-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10193736

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Pictorial CME. Electrocardiogram reveals complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Garg MK, Dugal JS, Sinch AP. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 May; 46(5): 443. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11273286

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Prediction of mortality in patients with right bundle branch block referred for pharmacologic stress echocardiography. Author(s): Cortigiani L, Bigi R, Gigli G, Dodi C, Mariotti E, Coletta C, Astarita C, Picano E; EPIC (Echo Persantine International Cooperative) Study Group; EDIC (Echo Doubutamine International Cooperative) Study Group. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 December 15; 92(12): 1429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14675579

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Prevalence of asymptomatic ST segment elevation in right precordial leads with right bundle branch block (Brugada-type ST shift) among the general Japanese population. Author(s): Furuhashi M, Uno K, Tsuchihashi K, Nagahara D, Hyakukoku M, Ohtomo T, Satoh S, Nishimiya T, Shimamoto K. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2001 August; 86(2): 161-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11454832

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Prognosis and rehabilitation in bundle branch block and atrioventricular block in a hospital study. Author(s): Kishimoto M. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 1967 November; 31(11): 1655-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5630892

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Prognosis in patients with left bundle branch block and normal dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. Author(s): Gil VM, Almeida M, Ventosa A, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Calqueiro J, SeabraGomes R. Source: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology : Official Publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. 1998 July-August; 5(4): 414-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9715986

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Prognostic and clinical significance of newly acquired complete right bundle branch block in Japan Airline pilots. Author(s): Taniguchi M, Nakano H, Kuwahara K, Masuda I, Okawa Y, Miyazaki H, Okoshi H, Kaji M, Noguchi Y, Asukata I. Source: Intern Med. 2003 January; 42(1): 21-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12583613

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Prognostic value of normal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with chest pain and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Soares A, Puig J, Pereira N, Oliveira C, Oliveira J, Cunha D. Source: Rev Port Cardiol. 2002 November; 21(11): 1241-55. English, Portuguese. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12564077

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Prognostic value of pharmacologic stress echocardiography in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Cortigiani L, Picano E, Vigna C, Lattanzi F, Coletta C, Mariotti E, Bigi R; EPIC (Echo Persantine International Cooperative) and EDIC (Echo Dobutamine International Cooperative) Study Groups. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2001 April 1; 110(5): 361-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11286950

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Prolonged QRS duration (QRS >/=170 ms) and left axis deviation in the presence of left bundle branch block: A marker of poor left ventricular systolic function? Author(s): Das MK, Cheriparambil K, Bedi A, Kassotis J, D ES, Reddy CV, Makan M, Dunbar CC, Saul B. Source: American Heart Journal. 2001 November; 142(5): 756-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11685159

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Pseudobradycardia-dependent bundle branch block alternans. Author(s): Ortega-Carnicer J, Blanco J, Ceres F. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2003 July; 36(3): 273-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14506820

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Pulmonary hypertension due to spontaneous premature ductal constriction in fetal life: association with right bundle branch block. Author(s): Benettoni A, Rustico MA. Source: Cardiology in the Young. 2002 December; 12(6): 581-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12636008

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QRS complexes with a left bundle branch block morphology during adenosine triphosphate test: what is the diagnosis? Author(s): Belhassen B, Glick A. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2002 May; 13(5): 519-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12030538

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QRS normalization by ventricular fusion simulating tachycardia dependent left bundle branch block. Author(s): Oreto G, Schamroth L. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 1984 January; 5(1): 91-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6693214

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QRS normalization of bundle branch block by ventricular fusion. Author(s): Kanemoto N, Ide M, Homma Y, Tanabe T, Goto Y. Source: Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1984 October; 9(4): 259-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6537039

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QRS waves of the spatial velocity electrocardiogram in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Mori H, Kawamata K, Niki T, Mikawa K, Nagao T. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 1973 September; 37(9): 1081-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4801189

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QRS width in right bundle branch block. Accuracy and reproducibility of manual measurement. Author(s): Sarubbi B, Li W, Somerville J. Source: International Journal of Cardiology. 2000 August; 75(1): 71-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11054509

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Quadrivalvular rheumatoid heart disease associated with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Carpenter DF, Golden A, Roberts WC. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1967 December; 43(6): 922-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4293956

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Quantification of ST-segment changes during coronary angioplasty in patients with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Stark KS, Krucoff MW, Schryver B, Kent KM. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1991 June 1; 67(15): 1219-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2035444

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Quantitative effects of functional bundle branch block in patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Author(s): Yang Y, Cheng J, Glatter K, Dorostkar P, Modin GW, Scheinman MM. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2000 April 1; 85(7): 826-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10758921

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Quantitative spatial vector analysis of ventricular activation in left bundle branch block with special reference to left superior axis deviation. Author(s): Recke SH, Scheidt E, Hain P. Source: Adv Cardiol. 1976; 16: 512-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1274766

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Questionable origins of left bundle branch block. Author(s): Spodick DH. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2004 March 15; 93(6): 812; Author Reply 812. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15019904

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Rapid atrial fibrillation with left bundle branch block pattern in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly. Author(s): Wang RY, Lee PK, Wong PH. Source: Chest. 1983 May; 83(5): 814-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6839826

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Rate (acceleration)-related left bundle branch block: degrees of LBBB. Author(s): Spodick DH. Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2003 September-October; 12(5): 328. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12963859

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Rate dependent bundle branch block induced by hyperkalemia. Author(s): Manohar N, Young ML. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 2003 September; 26(9): 1909-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12930511

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Rate dependent left bundle branch block with gradual transition between normal intraventricular conduction and complete left bundle branch block. A case report. Author(s): Suzuki Y. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1982 July; 23(4): 643-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7131789

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Rate-related bundle branch block: an uncommon wide complex tachycardia. Author(s): Kirkpatrick R, Chan L, Reilly K. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2004 March; 22(2): 132-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15011238

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Regional myocardial perfusion during chronic biventricular pacing and after acute change of the pacing mode in patients with congestive heart failure and bundle branch block treated with an atrioventricular sequential biventricular pacemaker. Author(s): Nielsen JC, Bottcher M, Jensen HK, Nielsen TT, Pedersen AK, Mortensen PT. Source: European Journal of Heart Failure : Journal of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. 2003 March; 5(2): 179-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12644010

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Right bundle branch block and coved-type ST-segment elevation mimicked by acute cholecystitis. Author(s): Furuhashi M, Uno K, Satoh S, Hoshikawa K, Sakai E, Tsuchihashi K, Shimamoto K. Source: Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2003 September; 67(9): 802-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12939560

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Right bundle branch block in a prospective population study. Author(s): Durakovic Z, Mimica M. Source: Cor Vasa. 1983; 25(3): 185-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6617210

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Right bundle branch block: long-term prognosis in apparently healthy men. Author(s): Fleg JL, Das DN, Lakatta EG. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1983 March; 1(3): 887-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6826977

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Role of signal-averaged electrocardiograms for predicting the inducibility of ventricular fibrillation in the syndrome consisting of right bundle branch block and ST segment elevation in leads V1-V3. Author(s): Masaki R, Watanabe I, Nakai T, Kondo K, Oshikawa N, Sugimura H, Okubo K, Kojima T, Saito S, Ozawa Y, Kanmatsuse K. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 2002 July; 43(4): 367-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12227712

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Safe right bundle branch block pattern during permanent right ventricular pacing. Author(s): Yang YN, Yin WH, Young MS. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2003 January; 36(1): 67-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12607198

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Sequence and timing of ventricular wall motion in patients with bundle branch block. Assessment by radionuclide cineangiography. Author(s): Rosenbush SW, Ruggie N, Turner DA, Von Behren PL, Denes P, Fordham EW, Groch MW, Messer JV. Source: Circulation. 1982 November; 66(5): 1113-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7127698

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Serial ECG recordings via marked chest wall landmarks: an essential requirement for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block. Author(s): Madias JE. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2002 October; 35(4): 299-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12395355

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Significance of bundle branch block during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Author(s): Yagi T, Yang Y, Keung EC, Collins KK, Scheinman MM. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 May 15; 91(10): 1184-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12745100

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Significance of right bundle branch block in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Author(s): Seitelberger R, Wild T, Serbecic N, Schwarzacher S, Ploner M, Lassnigg A, Podesser B. Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2000 August; 18(2): 187-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10925228

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Simultaneous biventricular pacemaker implantation for a surgical case of aortic regurgitation with severe left ventricular dysfunction and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Nakajima M, Aomi S, Matsuda N, Kasanuki H, Endo M, Kurosawa H. Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2003 May; 125(5): 1167-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12771896

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Site of conduction delay in children with catheter-induced right bundle branch block. Author(s): Ramos A, Wolff GS, Gelband H. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1983 January; 16(1): 41-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6833922

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Spontaneous resolution of ventricular tachycardia with right bundle branch block morphology: a case report. Author(s): Bostan OM, Celiker A, Ozme S. Source: Turk J Pediatr. 2003 April-June; 45(2): 170-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12921310

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Standard provocative manoeuvres in patients with and without left bundle branch block studied with myocardial SPECT. Author(s): Candell-Riera J, Oller-Martinez G, Rossello J, Pereztol-Valdes O, CastellConesa J, Aguade-Bruix S, Soler-Peter M, Simo M, Santana-Boado C, Garcia-Burillo A, Soler-Soler J. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2001 September; 22(9): 1029-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11505213

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Systolic and diastolic regional myocardial motion of pacing-induced versus idiopathic left bundle branch block with and without left ventricular dysfunction. Author(s): Kang SJ, Song JK, Yang HS, Song JM, Kang DH, Rhee KS, Nam GB, Choi KJ, Kim JJ, Kim YH. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2004 May 15; 93(10): 1243-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15135697

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Technetium-99m-Sestamibi SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with complete left bundle branch block. Author(s): Alexanderson E, Mannting F, Gomez-Martin D, Fermon S, Meave A. Source: Archives of Medical Research. 2004 March-April; 35(2): 150-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15010196

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Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Turgut B, Kitapci MT, Temiz NH, Unlu M, Erselcan T. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 2003 September; 17(6): 503-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14575388

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The diagnosis of coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients with chest pain and complete left bundle branch block: utility of adenosine Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT. Author(s): Feola M, Biggi A, Ribichini F, Camuzzini G, Uslenghi E. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 July; 27(7): 510-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12072779

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The effect of intermittent bundle branch block on the coupling interval of ventricular premature depolarizations. Author(s): Biliack SA, Denes P. Source: Circulation. 1982 November; 66(5): 1120-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6181905

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The hemodynamic benefit of biventricular pacing therapy on mitral regurgitation as demonstrated in a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and intermittent left bundle branch block. Author(s): Yonekura T, Toda G, Furudono S, Minami T, Kawano H, Koide Y, Yano K. Source: Intern Med. 2003 November; 42(11): 1107-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14686751

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The syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation in V1 to V3 and sudden death. Author(s): Brugada J, Brugada P, Brugada R. Source: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy / Sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. 2002 January; 16(1): 25-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12085974

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Tissue Doppler-derived postsystolic motion in a patient with left bundle branch block: a sign of myocardial wall asynchrony. Author(s): Galderisi M, Cicala S, Sangiorgi G, Caso P, de Divitiis O. Source: Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.). 2002 January; 19(1): 79-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11884261

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Transient disappearance of left bundle branch block pattern: an unusual ECG presentation of acute pulmonary embolism. Author(s): Athar SM, Chin BS, Flint EJ. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2002 September; 78(923): 555-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12357019

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Transient right bundle branch block unmasking anterior myocardial infarction. Author(s): Ortega-Carnicer J. Source: Resuscitation. 2003 June; 57(3): 313-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12804810

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Transient T wave abnormalities in intermittent bundle branch block. Author(s): Surawicz B. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1982 August; 50(2): 363-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7102565

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Use of signal-averaged electrocardiography for predicting inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with bundle branch block with and without a history of syncope. Author(s): Englund A, Rosenqvist M, Bergfeldt L. Source: American Heart Journal. 1995 September; 130(3 Pt 1): 481-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7661064

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Usefulness and limitations of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block. A multicentre study. Author(s): Geleijnse ML, Vigna C, Kasprzak JD, Rambaldi R, Salvatori MP, Elhendy A, Cornel JH, Fioretti PM, Roelandt JR. Source: European Heart Journal. 2000 October; 21(20): 1666-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11032693

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Usefulness of biventricular pacing in patients with congestive heart failure and right bundle branch block. Author(s): Garrigue S, Reuter S, Labeque JN, Jais P, Hocini M, Shah DC, Haissaguerre M, Clementy J. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2001 December 15; 88(12): 1436-41, A8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11741571

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Usefulness of left atrial abnormality for predicting left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block. Author(s): Mehta A, Jain AC, Mehta MC, Billie M. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2000 February 1; 85(3): 354-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11078306

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Usefulness of myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients with left bundle branch block and previous myocardial infarction. Author(s): Candell-Riera J, Oller-Martinez G, Pereztol-Valdes O, Castell-Conesa J, Aguade-Bruix S, Soler-Peter M, Simo M, Santana-Boado C, Soler-Soler J. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2003 September; 89(9): 1039-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12923022

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Usefulness of QRS duration in the absence of bundle branch block as an early predictor of survival in non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Author(s): Brilakis ES, Mavrogiorgos NC, Kopecky SL, Rihal CC, Gersh BJ, Williams BA, Clements IP. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 May 1; 89(9): 1013-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11988187

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Usefulness of QRST time-integral values of 12-lead electrocardiograms in diagnosing healed myocardial infarction complicated by left bundle branch block. Author(s): Adachi M, Hayashi H, Hirai M, Tomita Y, Ichihara Y, Suzuki A, Kondo K, Inagaki H, Saito H. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1991 December 1; 68(15): 1417-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1746421

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Usefulness of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram for evaluating the block site of right bundle branch block following surgical correction of a congenital heart disease. Author(s): Akita H, Matsuoka S, Taguchi Y, Kubo M, Kuroda Y. Source: Japanese Heart Journal. 1993 March; 34(2): 183-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8315815

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Using 12-lead ECG and synthesized VCG in detection of right ventricular hypertrophy with terminal right conduction delay versus partial right bundle branch block in the pediatric population. Author(s): Zhou SH, Liebman J, Dubin AM, Gillette PC, Gregg RE, Helfenbein ED, Lindauer JM. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2001; 34 Suppl: 249-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11781964

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Utility of treadmill test in diagnosis of causative factor of bundle branch block. Author(s): Sarma TV. Source: Indian Heart J. 1988 November-December; 40(6): 475-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3248807

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Value of non-invasive and invasive studies in patients with bundle branch block, syncope and history of myocardial infarction. Author(s): Brembilla-Perrot B, Suty-Selton C, Houriez P, Claudon O, Beurrier D, de la Chaise AT. Source: Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2001 July; 3(3): 187-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11467459

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Value of the ECG in suspected acute myocardial infarction with left bundle branch block. Author(s): Sgarbossa EB. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2000; 33 Suppl: 87-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11265742

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Value of the H-Q interval in patients with bundle branch block and the role of prophylactic permanent pacing. Author(s): Scheinman MM, Peters RW, Suave MJ, Desai J, Abbott JA, Cogan J, Wohl B, Williams K. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1982 December; 50(6): 1316-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7148708

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Variable left ventricular activation pattern in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block. Author(s): Fung JW, Yu CM, Yip G, Zhang Y, Chan H, Kum CC, Sanderson JE. Source: Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2004 January; 90(1): 17-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14676231

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Variable patterns of septal activation in patients with left bundle branch block and heart failure. Author(s): Peichl P, Kautzner J. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003 August; 14(8): 900; Author Reply 900-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12890061

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Variable patterns of septal activation in patients with left bundle branch block and heart failure. Author(s): Rodriguez LM, Timmermans C, Nabar A, Beatty G, Wellens HJ. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003 February; 14(2): 135-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12693492

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Vectorcardiographic monitoring of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic bundle branch block. Author(s): Eriksson P, Andersen K, Swedberg K, Dellborg M. Source: European Heart Journal. 1997 August; 18(8): 1288-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9458421

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Ventricular arrhythmias with left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis: assessment of their mechanisms on the basis of response to ATP, nicorandil and verapamil. Author(s): Kobayashi Y, Yazawa T, Adachi T, Kawamura M, Ryu S, Asano T, Obara C, Katagiri T. Source: Japanese Circulation Journal. 2000 November; 64(11): 835-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11110427

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Ventricular tachycardia with narrow QRS duration, a right bundle branch block pattern, and right axis deviation abolished by catheter manipulation. Author(s): Okishige K, Mogi J, Goseki Y, Azegami K, Satoh T, Ohira H, Yamashita K, Satake S. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1996 April; 29(2): 161-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8728602

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Ventricular tachycardias with left bundle branch block morphology. Author(s): Nibley C, Wharton JM. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1995 February; 18(2): 334-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7731882

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Wenckebach periods in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Mathur RN, Swaroop AK, Puri S, Goyal RK, Tilwani A. Source: Indian Heart J. 1982 March-April; 34(2): 111-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7118140

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Wenckebach phenomenon in left bundle branch block. Author(s): Varriale P, Kennedy RJ, Friedberg HD, Schamroth L. Source: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1970 November; 26(5): 550-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5478847

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What is first, left bundle branch block or left ventricular dysfunction? Author(s): Toquero J, Geelen P, Goethals M, Brugada P. Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2001 December; 12(12): 1425-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11798003

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What is the cause of incomplete right bundle branch block? Author(s): Hancock EW. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1987 April 15; 22(4): 81, 84-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3104370

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When should we diagnose incomplete right bundle branch block? Author(s): Mauric AT, Samani NJ, de Bono DP. Source: European Heart Journal. 1993 May; 14(5): 602-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8508853

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Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type A obscured by left bundle branch block. Author(s): Krikler D, Coumel P, Curry P, Oakley C. Source: Eur J Cardiol. 1977 January; 5(1): 49-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=837959

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and bundle branch block.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Bundle Branch Block The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “bundle branch block” (or a synonym): •

Intermittent anterior divisional block and far advanced right bundle branch block induced by vasospasm during exercise testing. Author(s): Tokai University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Bohseidai, Kanagawa, Japan. Source: Kanemoto, N Kawai, K Hosokawa, J Tagawa, R Goto, Y Jpn-Circ-J. 1992 October; 56(10): 1022-4 0047-1828

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Transient left bundle branch block following intravenous lisuride bolus. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Universita Tor Vergata, Italy. Source: Capria, A Attanasio, A Frongillo, D Ruggieri, S Stocchi, F Fundam-ClinPharmacol. 1993; 7(2): 115-7 0767-3981

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

•

The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

•

The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

•

The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

•

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

•

Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

•

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

Nutrition

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to bundle branch block. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to bundle branch block and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to bundle branch block: •

Abnormalities of cardiac conduction in sinus node disease. Correlation with clinical findings. Author(s): Musial WJ. Source: Cor Vasa. 1977; 19(3): 197-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=923256

•

Bifascicular block: a clinical and electrophysiologic study. Author(s): Kunstadt D, Punja M, Cagin N, Fernandez P, Levitt B, Yuceoglu YZ. Source: American Heart Journal. 1973 August; 86(2): 173-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4719938

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•

Bradycardia, reversible panconduction defect and syncope following self-medication with a homeopathic medicine. Author(s): Guha S, Dawn B, Dutta G, Chakraborty T, Pain S. Source: Cardiology. 1999; 91(4): 268-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10545684

•

Bundle branch block on alternate beats: by what mechanism? Author(s): Carbone V, Tedesco MA. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 2002 April; 35(2): 147-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11953915

•

Cardiac arrest during strenuous exercise in a patient with congenital heart disease. Author(s): KATTUS AA. Source: Pediatrics. 1963 October; 32: Suppl 776-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14070534

•

Cardiac disturbances during the administration of taxol. Author(s): Rowinsky EK, McGuire WP, Guarnieri T, Fisherman JS, Christian MC, Donehower RC. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1991 September; 9(9): 1704-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1678781

•

Carotid sinus massage induced elimination of rate related bundle branch block during paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: a simple method of proving bypass tract participation in the tachycardia. Author(s): Waxman MB, Wald RW, Bonet JF, Finley JP. Source: Journal of Electrocardiology. 1979 October; 12(4): 371-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=512533

•

Carotid sinus massage. Its diagnostic and therapeutic value in arrhythmias. Author(s): Schweitzer P, Teichholz LE. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1985 April; 78(4): 645-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3985038

•

Complete heart block induced during cardiac catheterization of patients with preexistent bundle-branch block. The hazard of bilateral bundle-branch block. Author(s): Stein PD, Mahur VS, Herman MV, Levine HD. Source: Circulation. 1966 November; 34(5): 783-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5925651

•

Complete His-Purkinje block produced by carotid sinus massage. Report of a case. Author(s): Jonas EA, Kosowsky BD, Ramaswamy K.

Alternative Medicine 59

Source: Circulation. 1974 July; 50(1): 192-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4835264 •

Contrasting effects of verapamil and procainamide on rate-dependent bundle branch block: pharmacologic evidence for the role of depressed sodium channel responses. Author(s): Chiale PA, Pastori JD, Sanchez RA, Elizari MV, Rosenbaum MB. Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1990 March 1; 15(3): 633-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2154512

•

Effect of certain drugs upon amitriptyline induced electrocardiographic changes. Author(s): Nymark M, Rasmussen J. Source: Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1966; 24(2): 148-56. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6013087

•

Effects of different modes of stimulation on the morphology of the first QRS complex following pacing during digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia: observations in the conscious dog with chronic complete atrioventricular block. Author(s): Gorgels AP, De Wit B, Beekman HD, Dassen WR, Wellens HJ. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1986 November; 9(6 Pt 1): 842-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2432487

•

Electrocardiographic and clinical observations of a recurrent tachyarrhythmia arising from a pacemaker within the distribution of the anterior fascicle. Author(s): Goolsby JP Jr, Oliva PB. Source: American Heart Journal. 1974 September; 88(3): 351-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4851807

•

Electrocardiographic diagnosis of experimentally-induced myocardial infarction during cardiac electrostimulation. Author(s): Carp C, Faibis M. Source: Med Interne. 1976 July-September; 14(3): 227-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1024261

•

Electrocardiographic diagnosis of experimentally-induced myocardial infarction during cardiac electrostimulation. Author(s): Carp C, Faibis M. Source: Med Interne. 1976 July-September; 14(3): 227-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=989181

•

Electrocardiographic findings in the aged. Author(s): Mihalick MJ, Fisch C.

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Source: American Heart Journal. 1974 January; 87(1): 117-28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4593929 •

Electrocardiographic ST segment depression. Author(s): Pollehn T, Brady WJ, Perron AD. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2001 July; 19(4): 303-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11447519

•

Electrophysiologic findings in carotid sinus massage. Author(s): Probst P, Muhlberger V, Lederbauer M, Pachinger O, Kaliman J, Steinbach K. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1983 July; 6(4): 689-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6192401

•

Electrophysiological and clinical observations in patients with alternating bundle branch block. Author(s): Wu D, Denes P, Dhingra RC, Amat-Y-Leon F, Wyndham CR, Chuquimia R, Rosen KM. Source: Circulation. 1976 March; 53(3): 456-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1248077

•

Electrotherapeutic management of patients with heart failure. Author(s): Santini M, Ricci R, Pignalberi C, Ansalone G. Source: American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs : Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions. 2001; 1(4): 227-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14728022

•

His bundle recordings in paroxysmal atrioventricular block produced by carotid sinus massage. Author(s): Castellanos A, Sung RJ, Cunha D, Myerburg RJ. Source: British Heart Journal. 1974 May; 36(5): 487-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4835186

•

Intraoperative diagnosis of rate-dependent bundle branch block. Author(s): Domino KB, LaMantia KL, Geer RT, Klineberg PL. Source: Can Anaesth Soc J. 1984 May; 31(3 Pt 1): 302-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6722621

•

Letter: carotid massage as a means of ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block. Author(s): Almog C, Gabizon D, Bezeishli I.

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Source: Chest. 1975 February; 67(2): 249-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1116410 •

Spontaneous termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia following disappearance of bundle branch block ipsilateral to a concealed atrioventricular accessory pathway: the role of autonomic tone in tachycardia diagnosis. Author(s): Waxman MB, Cupps CL. Source: Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : Pace. 1986 January; 9(1 Pt 1): 26-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2419852

•

Successful treatment of complete left bundle branch block complicating acute viral myocarditis employing Chinese herbs. Author(s): Kuo C. Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1986; 14(3-4): 124-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3799528

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

•

drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page

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dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.5 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “bundle branch block” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on bundle branch block, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patents on Bundle Branch Block By performing a patent search focusing on bundle branch block, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. 5Adapted

from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.

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The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on bundle branch block: •

Multi-focal leadless apical cardiac pacemaker Inventor(s): Gray; Noel Desmond (No. 10, The Cove, Forster Keys, N.S.W. 2428, AU) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,674,259 Date filed: June 15, 1995 Abstract: A heart pacemaker which is arranged to stimulate the apical area of the heart. Stimulation of this area provides synchronous mechanical contraction of the left and right ventricles and overcomes the problem of pacemaker induced left bundle branch block type conduction disturbance. The pacemaker has a base surface which conforms to the apical area of the heart and mounts a plurality of epicardial stimulating electrodes. Selection of electrodes can be made to provide the most clinically appropriate stimulation. An opposite side of the pacemaker is arranged to contact the diaphragm and is provided with sensing electrodes to sense activity of the diaphragm and adjust pacing of the heart in accordance with changes in physical activity of the patient. The electrodes used are preferably of capacitive construction, having first and second capacitive plates either side of a dielectric formed by the body of the pacemaker. Excerpt(s): This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/AU92/00219 having an International Filing Date of 15 May 1992 (15.05.92) and designating the United States (U.S.) among other designated states. PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/AU92/00219 claims the priority of Australian Patent Application No. PK 6207, which has a filing date of 17 May 1991 (17.05.91). The present invention relates to a heart pacemaker. An existing cardiac pacemaker consists of a power source and electronic circuitry which together constitute a pulse generator housed within an hermetically sealed metal capsule. The metal capsule is arranged to be inserted within a patients body normally near one of the pectoral muscles. An insulated lead having its proximal end connected into a receiving port of the metal capsule so as to provide a direct connection with the pulse generator, has its distal end connected to one or more bare metal electrodes which are located inside the patients heart. Typically, such transvenous electrodes are positioned in the right ventricle and deliver stimulating impulses to the endocardium. This was first successfully performed by Lagergren et al at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm Sweden 1962. Prior to this the stimulating electrodes were attached to the epicardium by thoracotomy for both external and implantable pacemakers. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05674259__

Patent Applications on Bundle Branch Block As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.6 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to bundle branch block: 6

This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

Patents 65

•

System and method for detecting new left branch bundle block for accelerating treatment of acute myocardial infarction Inventor(s): Rowlandson, G. Ian; (Milwaukee, WI) Correspondence: Ostrager Chong & Flaherty Llp; 825 Third Ave; 30th Floor; New York; NY; 10022-7519; US Patent Application Number: 20020087055 Date filed: December 29, 2000 Abstract: A system and a method for automatically detecting a new left bundle branch block (LBBB) in an ECG series and then issuing an alert for the purpose of accelerating treatment for acute myocardial infarction. A serial comparison program is used to compare each current ECG with a previous ECG for the same patient. Diagnostic statements, measurements and waveforms are compared and based on the comparisons, the system is able to automatically determine that the patient has a new LBBB. The system then automatically determines whether the patient belongs to the category of patients having a high probability of acute myocardial infarction. If acute myocardial infarction is suspected, the system generates a diagnostic statement stating that the new left bundle branch block may be due to acute myocardial infarction. The current ECG exhibiting a new LBBB is then identified with a special tag and sent to a central database server. The special tag enables the central database server to perform special routing of that record, e.g., via facsimile or digital pager, to alert on-call medical personnel to the need for immediate treatment. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the acquisition, analysis and routing electrocardiograms (ECGs) and other physiological data. In particular, the invention relates to automated monitoring of acquired ECGs to detect characteristics indicating a specific cardiovascular condition requiring accelerated treatment. In hospitals or other health-care settings, it is frequently necessary to observe critical physiological conditions of a patient, including cardiovascular conditions. Cardiovascular condition data is obtained from sensors applied to a patient, or by imaging and sensing devices. Further, cardiovascular data may be data reported by a cardiologist based on review of a patient or a patient's monitor or image data. Hospitals or health-care centers often have hundreds or even thousands of sensor and metering devices and hundreds or even thousands of cardiac patients that require monitoring periodically over a lifetime. This data may be stored in a database for archival functions and later retrieval. A known ECG management system, the MUSE.RTM. (Marquette Universal System for Electrocardiography) system of GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., is a software-based product that runs on off-the-shelf hardware. In particular, this ECG management system comprises a database of ECGs plus applications software. The MUSE.RTM. system receives ECG data from a multiplicity of instruments via a plurality of networks, analyzes that ECG data using various programs such as a serial comparison program, generates reports containing the results of the analysis, and then routes those reports to various systems and peripheral devices. In particular, the MUSE.RTM. system has automatic report routing which can send reports to multiple devices, including a facsimile machine as well as a digital pager. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

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Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with bundle branch block, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on bundle branch block. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning bundle branch block. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover bundle branch block.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on bundle branch block is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to bundle branch block. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “bundle branch block” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for bundle branch block: •

Right, left bundle branch block equally predictive of mortality in CAD patients Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 27, 2001

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Right Bundle Branch Block After Thrombolysis For Acute MI Often Transient Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 25, 1997 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “bundle branch block” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to bundle branch block, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “bundle branch block” (or synonyms).

Periodicals and News

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Academic Periodicals covering Bundle Branch Block Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to bundle branch block. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering bundle branch block that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute7: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

7

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

75

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.8 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

8

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 9 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway10 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.11 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 7650 33 387 4 52 8126

HSTAT12 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.13 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.14 Simply search by “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

10

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

11

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 13 14

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

Physician Resources

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists15 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.16 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.17 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

15 Adapted 16

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 17 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

79

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on bundle branch block can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to bundle branch block. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to bundle branch block. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “bundle branch block”:

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Bundle Branch Block

Arrhythmia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/arrhythmia.html Congenital Heart Disease http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/congenitalheartdisease.html Heart Failure http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartfailure.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to bundle branch block. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

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81

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to bundle branch block. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with bundle branch block. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about bundle branch block. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “bundle branch block” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “bundle branch block”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “bundle branch block” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “bundle branch block” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

83

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.18

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

18

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

84

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)19: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

19

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

85

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

89

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abducens: A striated, extrinsic muscle of the eyeball that originates from the annulus of Zinn. [NIH] Ablation: The removal of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Acceptor: A substance which, while normally not oxidized by oxygen or reduced by hydrogen, can be oxidized or reduced in presence of a substance which is itself undergoing oxidation or reduction. [NIH] Adenine: A purine base and a fundamental unit of adenine nucleotides. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adenosine Triphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adrenergic: Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or substances with similar activity; the term is applied to those nerve fibres that liberate norepinephrine at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes, i.e., the sympathetic fibres. [EU] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Aerobic: In biochemistry, reactions that need oxygen to happen or happen when oxygen is present. [NIH] Aerobic Metabolism: A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also known as aerobic respiration, oxidative metabolism, or cell respiration. [NIH] Aerobic Respiration: A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also known as oxidative metabolism, cell respiration, or aerobic metabolism. [NIH] Aeromedical: Pertaining to aviation medicine. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean

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intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alleles: Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. [NIH] Alpha-1: A protein with the property of inactivating proteolytic enzymes such as leucocyte collagenase and elastase. [NIH] Alternans: Ipsilateral abducens palsy and facial paralysis and contralateral hemiplegia of the limbs, due to a nuclear or infranuclear lesion in the pons. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amiodarone: An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. [NIH] Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antaganize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Aneurysm: A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart. [NIH] Angioplasty: Endovascular reconstruction of an artery, which may include the removal of atheromatous plaque and/or the endothelial lining as well as simple dilatation. These are procedures performed by catheterization. When reconstruction of an artery is performed surgically, it is called endarterectomy. [NIH] Antianginal: Counteracting angina or anginal conditions. [EU] Antiarrhythmic: An agent that prevents or alleviates cardiac arrhythmia. [EU] Anticholinergic: An agent that blocks the parasympathetic nerves. Called also parasympatholytic. [EU] Antidepressant: A drug used to treat depression. [NIH]

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Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arrhythmogenic: Producing or promoting arrhythmia. [EU] Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A weakening of the right ventricle that results in the back up of blood in the venous system, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and extremities. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arteriogram: An x-ray of arteries; the person receives an injection of a dye that outlines the vessels on an x-ray. [NIH] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrial: Pertaining to an atrium. [EU] Atrial Fibrillation: Disorder of cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, irregular atrial impulses and ineffective atrial contractions. [NIH] Atrioventricular: Pertaining to an atrium of the heart and to a ventricle. [EU] Atrioventricular Node: A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart. [NIH] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Atropine: A toxic alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly Solanaceae. [NIH] Autosuggestion: Suggestion coming from the subject himself. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Belladonna: A species of very poisonous Solanaceous plants yielding atropine (hyoscyamine), scopolamine, and other belladonna alkaloids, used to block the muscarinic autonomic nervous system. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH]

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Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bolus: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus infusion. [NIH] Bolus infusion: A single dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time. Also called bolus. [NIH] Bradycardia: Excessive slowness in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate below 60 beats per minute. [NIH] Bypass: A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Carbohydrates: The largest class of organic compounds, including starches, glycogens, cellulose, gums, and simple sugars. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiac catheterization: A procedure in which a thin, hollow tube is inserted into a blood vessel. The tube is then advanced through the vessel into the heart, enabling a physician to study the heart and its pumping activity. [NIH] Cardiac Output: The volume of blood passing through the heart per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with stroke volume (volume per beat). [NIH] Cardiology: The study of the heart, its physiology, and its functions. [NIH] Cardiomyopathy: A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease, often of obscure or unknown etiology. [EU] Cardiotonic: 1. Having a tonic effect on the heart. 2. An agent that has a tonic effect on the heart. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Carotid Sinus: The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catecholamine: A group of chemical substances manufactured by the adrenal medulla and secreted during physiological stress. [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from intubation in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions. [NIH]

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Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell membrane: Cell membrane = plasma membrane. The structure enveloping a cell, enclosing the cytoplasm, and forming a selective permeability barrier; it consists of lipids, proteins, and some carbohydrates, the lipids thought to form a bilayer in which integral proteins are embedded to varying degrees. [EU] Cell Respiration: The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Chemotherapeutic agent: A drug used to treat cancer. [NIH] Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. [NIH] Chest wall: The ribs and muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [NIH] Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder. [NIH] Cholinergic: Resembling acetylcholine in pharmacological action; stimulated by or releasing acetylcholine or a related compound. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Cineangiography: Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels. [NIH] Citalopram: A selective neuronal serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a clinically effective antidepressant with tolerable side effects. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia (TD) in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition. [NIH]

Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix

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'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH] Concomitant: Accompanying; accessory; joined with another. [EU] Conduction: The transfer of sound waves, heat, nervous impulses, or electricity. [EU] Congestive heart failure: Weakness of the heart muscle that leads to a buildup of fluid in body tissues. [NIH] Connexins: A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of gap junctions. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions. [NIH] Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. [NIH] Constriction: The act of constricting. [NIH]

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Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contralateral: Having to do with the opposite side of the body. [NIH] Contrast medium: A substance that is introduced into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radiographic visualization of the structure. [EU] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the coronary arteries. [NIH] Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion. [NIH] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Depolarization: The process or act of neutralizing polarity. In neurophysiology, the reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated, i.e., the tendency of the cell membrane potential to become positive with respect to the potential outside the cell. [EU] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diastole: Period of relaxation of the heart, especially the ventricles. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Digitalis: A genus of toxic herbaceous Eurasian plants of the Scrophulaceae which yield cardiotonic glycosides. The most useful are Digitalis lanata and D. purpurea. [NIH] Dilated cardiomyopathy: Heart muscle disease that leads to enlargement of the heart's chambers, robbing the heart of its pumping ability. [NIH] Dipyridamole: A drug that prevents blood cell clumping and enhances the effectiveness of fluorouracil and other chemotherapeutic agents. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissociation: 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. 2. The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions, or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. 3. In psychology, a defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from the rest of a person's mental activity in order to avoid emotional distress, as in the dissociative disorders (q.v.), or in which an idea or object is segregated from its emotional significance; in the first sense it is roughly equivalent to splitting, in the second, to isolation. 4. A defect of mental integration in which one or more groups of mental processes become separated off from normal consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. [EU] Dissociative Disorders: Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness. [NIH]

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Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Dobutamine: A beta-2 agonist catecholamine that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is proposed as a cardiotonic after myocardial infarction or open heart surgery. [NIH] Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Dyskinesia: Impairment of the power of voluntary movement, resulting in fragmentary or incomplete movements. [EU] Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. [NIH] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Electrocardiogram: Measurement of electrical activity during heartbeats. [NIH] Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the heart as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. [NIH]

Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Embolus: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Encainide: An effective and generally well-tolerated anti-arrhythmia agent for suppressing all forms of ventricular arrhythmia. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, encainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients. The drug is a potent blocker of sodium channels and produces marked slowing of conduction within the His-Purkinje system and

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myocardium. [NIH] Endarterectomy: Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called atherectomy. [NIH] Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells. [NIH] Endothelial cell: The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Ergot: Cataract due to ergot poisoning caused by eating of rye cereals contaminated by a fungus. [NIH] Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [NIH] Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity, more strenuous than at rest, which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used. The intensity of exercise is often graded, using criteria such as rate of work done, oxygen consumption, and heart rate. Physiological data obtained from an exercise test may be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of disease severity, and to evaluate therapy. Data may also be used in prescribing exercise by determining a person's exercise capacity. [NIH] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extrasystole: A premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node; called also premature beat. [EU] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Paralysis: Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. Facial nerve diseases generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. Neuromuscular junction diseases and muscular diseases may also cause facial paralysis or paresis. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fibrillation: A small, local, involuntary contraction of muscle, invisible under the skin, resulting from spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibres. [EU] Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis. [NIH]

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Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that acts as an antineoplastic antimetabolite and also has immunosuppressant. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. [NIH] Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gap Junctions: Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of connexins, the family of proteins which form the junctions. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Generator: Any system incorporating a fixed parent radionuclide from which is produced a daughter radionuclide which is to be removed by elution or by any other method and used in a radiopharmaceutical. [NIH] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Guanylate Cyclase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2. [NIH] Heart failure: Loss of pumping ability by the heart, often accompanied by fatigue, breathlessness, and excess fluid accumulation in body tissues. [NIH] Heartbeat: One complete contraction of the heart. [NIH] Hemiplegia: Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical spinal cord diseases; peripheral nervous system diseases; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see paresis) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body. [NIH] Hepatotoxic: Toxic to liver cells. [EU] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they

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are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH]

Heterozygote: An individual having different alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosome segments. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Homozygote: An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Iatrogenic: Resulting from the activity of physicians. Originally applied to disorders induced in the patient by autosuggestion based on the physician's examination, manner, or discussion, the term is now applied to any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician or surgeon, especially to infections acquired by the patient during the course of treatment. [EU] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infections: The illnesses caused by an organism that usually does not cause disease in a person with a normal immune system. [NIH] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a

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positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Ipsilateral: Having to do with the same side of the body. [NIH] Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU] Isoenzyme: Different forms of an enzyme, usually occurring in different tissues. The isoenzymes of a particular enzyme catalyze the same reaction but they differ in some of their properties. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Lethal: Deadly, fatal. [EU] Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile. [NIH] Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors, may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors. It has been used in parkinsonism but it may be hepatotoxic. It is commonly used as a research tool. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Mammary: Pertaining to the mamma, or breast. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membranes: Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Processes: Conceptual functions or thinking in all its forms. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Myocardial infarction: Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the

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coronary arteries (coronary arteriosclerosis), to obstruction by a thrombus (coronary thrombosis), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (myocardial infarction). [NIH] Myocarditis: Inflammation of the myocardium; inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Networks: Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves, a meshlike structure of interlocking fibers or strands. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neuronal: Pertaining to a neuron or neurons (= conducting cells of the nervous system). [EU] Neurophysiology: The scientific discipline concerned with the physiology of the nervous system. [NIH] Neurotransmitter: Any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, glycine, y-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins, and serotonin. [EU] Niacinamide: An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and pellagra. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake. [NIH] Nicorandil: A derivative of the niacinamide that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase. [NIH] Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Overdose: An accidental or deliberate dose of a medication or street drug that is in excess of what is normally used. [NIH] Oxidation: The act of oxidizing or state of being oxidized. Chemically it consists in the increase of positive charges on an atom or the loss of negative charges. Most biological

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oxidations are accomplished by the removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms (dehydrogenation) from a molecule. Such oxidations must be accompanied by reduction of an acceptor molecule. Univalent o. indicates loss of one electron; divalent o., the loss of two electrons. [EU]

Oxidative metabolism: A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also known as aerobic respiration, cell respiration, or aerobic metabolism. [NIH] Oxygen Consumption: The oxygen consumption is determined by calculating the difference between the amount of oxygen inhaled and exhaled. [NIH] Pacemaker: An object or substance that influences the rate at which a certain phenomenon occurs; often used alone to indicate the natural cardiac pacemaker or an artificial cardiac pacemaker. In biochemistry, a substance whose rate of reaction sets the pace for a series of interrelated reactions. [EU] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Paradoxical: Occurring at variance with the normal rule. [EU] Parasystole: A cardiac arrhythmia caused by the interaction of two foci independently initiating cardiac impulses at different rates. Generally one of the foci is the sinoatrial node (the normal pacemaker) and the ectopic focus is usually in the ventricle, but can occur in the sinus and AV nodes, atrium and ventricle, and AV junction. Each focus - and thus each rhythm - is protected from the influence of the other. [NIH] Parkinsonism: A group of neurological disorders characterized by hypokinesia, tremor, and muscular rigidity. [EU] Paroxysmal: Recurring in paroxysms (= spasms or seizures). [EU] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perfusion: Bathing an organ or tissue with a fluid. In regional perfusion, a specific area of the body (usually an arm or a leg) receives high doses of anticancer drugs through a blood vessel. Such a procedure is performed to treat cancer that has not spread. [NIH] PH: The symbol relating the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration or activity of a solution to that of a given standard solution. Numerically the pH is approximately equal to the negative logarithm of H+ concentration expressed in molarity. pH 7 is neutral; above it alkalinity increases and below it acidity increases. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes and between the genotype and the environment. This includes the killer phenotype, characteristic of yeasts. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH]

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Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plaque: A clear zone in a bacterial culture grown on an agar plate caused by localized destruction of bacterial cells by a bacteriophage. The concentration of infective virus in a fluid can be estimated by applying the fluid to a culture and counting the number of. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pons: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis. [NIH] Port: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port-a-cath. [NIH] Port-a-cath: An implanted device through which blood may be withdrawn and drugs may be infused without repeated needle sticks. Also called a port. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Potentiating: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precordial: Pertaining to the precordium (= region over the heart and lower part of the thorax). [EU] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Probe: An instrument used in exploring cavities, or in the detection and dilatation of strictures, or in demonstrating the potency of channels; an elongated instrument for exploring or sounding body cavities. [NIH] Procainamide: A derivative of procaine with less CNS action. [NIH] Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of

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action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Psychology: The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary Edema: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the lungs, may be caused by acute exposure to dangerous concentrations of irritant gasses. [NIH] Pulmonary Embolism: Embolism in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiofrequency ablation: The use of electrical current to destroy tissue. [NIH] Radionuclide Ventriculography: Imaging of a ventricle of the heart after the injection of a radioactive contrast medium. The technique is less invasive than cardiac catheterization and is used to assess ventricular function. [NIH] Radiopharmaceutical: Any medicinal product which, when ready for use, contains one or more radionuclides (radioactive isotopes) included for a medicinal purpose. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reagent: A substance employed to produce a chemical reaction so as to detect, measure, produce, etc., other substances. [EU] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Reentry: Reexcitation caused by continuous propagation of the same impulse for one or more cycles. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH]

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Regurgitation: A backward flowing, as the casting up of undigested food, or the backward flowing of blood into the heart, or between the chambers of the heart when a valve is incompetent. [EU] Reliability: Used technically, in a statistical sense, of consistency of a test with itself, i. e. the extent to which we can assume that it will yield the same result if repeated a second time. [NIH]

Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Retrograde: 1. Moving backward or against the usual direction of flow. 2. Degenerating, deteriorating, or catabolic. [EU] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Ribose: A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form. [NIH] Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. [NIH] Saphenous: Applied to certain structures in the leg, e. g. nerve vein. [NIH] Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Sedative: 1. Allaying activity and excitement. 2. An agent that allays excitement. [EU] Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or "seizure disorder." [NIH] Sensor: A device designed to respond to physical stimuli such as temperature, light, magnetism or movement and transmit resulting impulses for interpretation, recording, movement, or operating control. [NIH] Septal: An abscess occurring at the root of the tooth on the proximal surface. [NIH] Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Sinoatrial Node: The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium. Contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle to the ventricle. [NIH] Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the

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extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal. [EU] Stimulant: 1. Producing stimulation; especially producing stimulation by causing tension on muscle fibre through the nervous tissue. 2. An agent or remedy that produces stimulation. [EU]

Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stricture: The abnormal narrowing of a body opening. Also called stenosis. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH] Stroke Volume: The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). [NIH] Sudden cardiac death: Cardiac arrest caused by an irregular heartbeat. [NIH] Sudden death: Cardiac arrest caused by an irregular heartbeat. The term "death" is somewhat misleading, because some patients survive. [NIH] Supine: Having the front portion of the body upwards. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Supraventricular: Situated or occurring above the ventricles, especially in an atrium or atrioventricular node. [EU] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Syncope: A temporary suspension of consciousness due to generalized cerebral schemia, a faint or swoon. [EU] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Tachyarrhythmia: Tachycardia associated with an irregularity in the normal heart rhythm. [EU]

Tachycardia: Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. [NIH] Tardive: Marked by lateness, late; said of a disease in which the characteristic lesion is late in appearing. [EU] Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of uranium. The stablest isotope has a mass number 99 and is used diagnostically as a

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radioactive imaging agent. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest wall. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tone: 1. The normal degree of vigour and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. 2. A particular quality of sound or of voice. 3. To make permanent, or to change, the colour of silver stain by chemical treatment, usually with a heavy metal. [EU] Tonus: A state of slight tension usually present in muscles even when they are not undergoing active contraction. [NIH] Torsion: A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transcutaneous: Transdermal. [EU] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Tricyclic: Containing three fused rings or closed chains in the molecular structure. [EU] Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular Resistance: An expression of the resistance offered by the systemic arterioles, and to a lesser extent by the capillaries, to the flow of blood. [NIH] Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of the blood vessels without anatomic change, for which constriction, pathologic is used. [NIH] Vasodilatation: A state of increased calibre of the blood vessels. [EU]

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Vasodilation: Physiological dilation of the blood vessels without anatomic change. For dilation with anatomic change, dilatation, pathologic or aneurysm (or specific aneurysm) is used. [NIH] Vector: Plasmid or other self-replicating DNA molecule that transfers DNA between cells in nature or in recombinant DNA technology. [NIH] Vectorcardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the heart on a plane of the body surface delineated as a vector function of time. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Ventricular Dysfunction: A condition in which the ventricles of the heart exhibit a decreased functionality. [NIH] Ventricular fibrillation: Rapid, irregular quivering of the heart's ventricles, with no effective heartbeat. [NIH] Ventricular Function: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the ventricles. [NIH]

Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Viral: Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. [EU] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 91, 97 Abducens, 91, 92 Ablation, 15, 91 Abscess, 91, 107 Acceptor, 91, 104 Adenine, 91 Adenosine, 7, 15, 23, 41, 46, 91, 92 Adenosine Triphosphate, 41, 91 Adrenergic, 91, 92, 98 Adverse Effect, 91, 107 Aerobic, 91, 99, 104 Aerobic Metabolism, 91, 104 Aerobic Respiration, 91, 104 Aeromedical, 25, 91 Affinity, 91, 92, 107 Agonist, 92, 98, 102 Algorithms, 92, 93 Alkaloid, 92, 93 Alleles, 92, 101 Alpha-1, 92 Alternans, 40, 92 Alternative medicine, 68, 92 Amino Acids, 92, 104, 106 Amiodarone, 38, 92 Amitriptyline, 59, 92 Anaesthesia, 14, 92, 101 Aneurysm, 15, 34, 92, 110 Angioplasty, 27, 42, 92 Antianginal, 92 Antiarrhythmic, 16, 92 Anticholinergic, 92 Antidepressant, 92, 95 Aorta, 93, 97, 110 Aqueous, 93 Arrhythmogenic, 4, 8, 93 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 4, 93 Arterial, 93, 101, 106, 108 Arteries, 17, 39, 93, 94, 97, 102, 103 Arteriogram, 29, 93 Arterioles, 93, 94, 103, 109 Artery, 7, 13, 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 46, 47, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 106 Asymptomatic, 7, 39, 93, 98 Atrial, 5, 8, 19, 29, 32, 42, 47, 58, 92, 93 Atrial Fibrillation, 8, 19, 42, 93

Atrioventricular, 17, 21, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 59, 60, 61, 93, 107, 108 Atrioventricular Node, 93, 108 Atrium, 93, 104, 107, 108, 110 Atropine, 47, 93 Autosuggestion, 93, 101 B Base, 64, 91, 93, 102 Belladonna, 93 Bilateral, 22, 25, 28, 35, 58, 93 Biotechnology, 5, 68, 75, 93 Blood pressure, 93, 94, 101, 102, 108 Blood vessel, 93, 94, 95, 99, 102, 104, 108, 109, 110 Body Fluids, 94, 98, 108 Bolus, 54, 94 Bolus infusion, 94 Bradycardia, 8, 9, 58, 94 Bypass, 10, 58, 94 C Calcium, 11, 94, 95, 110 Carbohydrates, 91, 94, 95, 104 Cardiac catheterization, 58, 94, 106 Cardiac Output, 31, 94, 108 Cardiomyopathy, 8, 22, 24, 46, 94 Cardiotonic, 94, 97, 98 Cardiovascular, 6, 10, 11, 13, 17, 20, 23, 25, 27, 28, 41, 45, 46, 49, 50, 60, 65, 94, 99, 107 Carotid Sinus, 58, 60, 94 Case report, 7, 8, 12, 20, 34, 43, 45, 94 Catecholamine, 94, 98 Catheter, 14, 45, 50, 94, 99 Catheterization, 92, 94 Caudal, 95, 105 Cell, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 Cell membrane, 95, 97, 100 Cell Respiration, 91, 95, 104, 107 Cerebral, 95, 99, 100, 108 Chemotherapeutic agent, 95, 97 Chest Pain, 7, 9, 40, 46, 95 Chest wall, 44, 95, 109 Cholecystitis, 43, 95 Cholinergic, 92, 95 Chromosome, 4, 95, 101 Chronic, 38, 43, 49, 59, 95 Cineangiography, 44, 95

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Citalopram, 12, 95 Clinical Medicine, 95, 105 Clinical trial, 3, 75, 95, 106 Cloning, 93, 95 Complement, 95, 96 Complementary and alternative medicine, 57, 62, 96 Complementary medicine, 57, 96 Computational Biology, 75, 96 Computed tomography, 29, 96 Computerized axial tomography, 96 Computerized tomography, 96 Concomitant, 35, 96 Conduction, 4, 8, 11, 25, 28, 37, 38, 43, 45, 48, 57, 64, 93, 96, 98 Congestive heart failure, 7, 28, 43, 47, 96 Connexins, 4, 96, 100 Consciousness, 96, 97, 108 Constriction, 41, 96, 102, 109 Contraindications, ii, 97 Contralateral, 92, 97 Contrast medium, 95, 97, 106 Coronary, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 42, 44, 46, 47, 93, 97, 102, 103 Coronary Arteriosclerosis, 97, 103 Coronary Artery Bypass, 36, 44, 97 Coronary Thrombosis, 97, 102, 103 Criterion, 29, 34, 97 Curative, 97, 109 D Depolarization, 13, 97 Diagnostic procedure, 63, 68, 97 Diaphragm, 18, 64, 97 Diastole, 97 Diastolic, 14, 18, 19, 31, 37, 45, 97, 101 Digitalis, 16, 59, 97 Dilated cardiomyopathy, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31, 34, 35, 97 Dipyridamole, 17, 29, 40, 97 Direct, iii, 64, 95, 97, 98, 106 Dissociation, 37, 91, 97 Dissociative Disorders, 97 Distal, 37, 64, 97, 98, 106 Dobutamine, 13, 15, 17, 21, 38, 40, 47, 98 Dopamine, 98, 102, 103 Dorsal, 98, 105 Drug Interactions, 98 Duct, 94, 98, 108 Dyskinesia, 95, 98

E Echocardiography, 7, 13, 19, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40, 46, 47, 98 Ectopic, 98, 104 Efficacy, 4, 98 Electrocardiogram, 5, 14, 16, 26, 38, 39, 41, 48, 98 Electrocardiography, 16, 24, 47, 65, 98 Electrolyte, 98, 105, 108 Electrons, 93, 98, 101, 104, 106 Embolus, 98, 101 Embryo, 98, 101 Encainide, 24, 98 Endarterectomy, 92, 99 Endocardium, 64, 99 Endothelial cell, 99 Environmental Health, 74, 76, 99 Enzyme, 99, 100, 102 Ergot, 99, 102 Ethanol, 95, 99 Exercise Test, 13, 54, 99 Extracellular, 99, 108 Extrasystole, 31, 99 F Facial, 92, 99 Facial Paralysis, 92, 99 Family Planning, 75, 99 Fatigue, 10, 99, 100 Fibrillation, 5, 99 Fluorescence, 4, 99 Fluorouracil, 97, 100 Free Radicals, 97, 100 G Gallbladder, 91, 95, 100 Gap Junctions, 96, 100 Gastrointestinal, 93, 99, 100, 107 Gastrointestinal tract, 93, 99, 100, 107 Gene, 4, 92, 93, 96, 100 Generator, 64, 100 Genotype, 100, 104 Glucose, 12, 33, 35, 100 Governing Board, 100, 105 Grafting, 36, 44, 97, 100, 101 Guanylate Cyclase, 100, 103 H Heart failure, 9, 11, 12, 18, 49, 60, 100 Heartbeat, 100, 108, 110 Hemiplegia, 92, 100 Hepatotoxic, 100, 102 Heredity, 100 Heterogeneity, 12, 91, 100 Heterozygote, 4, 101

113

Homologous, 92, 96, 101 Homozygote, 4, 101 Hydrogen, 91, 93, 94, 101, 102, 104 Hypertension, 41, 101 Hypertrophy, 6, 9, 29, 47, 48, 101 I Iatrogenic, 21, 101 Idiopathic, 4, 6, 15, 18, 19, 26, 45, 101 Implantation, 45, 101 Incision, 101, 109 Induction, 5, 101 Infarction, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 59, 60, 65, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103 Infections, 101 Inflammation, 95, 101, 103, 105 Intermittent, 19, 27, 28, 37, 38, 46, 47, 54, 101 Intracellular, 101, 105 Intravenous, 54, 101 Invasive, 36, 48, 101, 106 Involuntary, 99, 101, 103 Ions, 93, 97, 98, 101 Ipsilateral, 17, 61, 92, 102 Ischemia, 14, 31, 102 Isoenzyme, 36, 102 K Kb, 74, 102 L Lesion, 92, 97, 102, 108 Lethal, 37, 102 Ligaments, 97, 102 Lisuride, 54, 102 Liver, 91, 93, 100, 102 M Malignancy, 4, 102 Mammary, 97, 102 MEDLINE, 75, 102 Membranes, 102 Mental, iv, 3, 74, 76, 97, 99, 102, 106 Mental Processes, 97, 102, 106 Microbe, 102, 109 Molecular, 4, 75, 77, 93, 96, 102, 109 Molecule, 93, 96, 97, 102, 104, 110 Monitor, 65, 102, 103 Morphology, 15, 18, 26, 27, 30, 41, 45, 50, 59, 102 Myocardial Ischemia, 9, 44, 102 Myocarditis, 61, 103 Myocardium, 99, 102, 103 N Necrosis, 101, 102, 103

Neonatal, 4, 103 Nervous System, 93, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107 Networks, 35, 65, 103 Neurologic, 25, 103 Neuronal, 95, 103 Neurophysiology, 97, 103 Neurotransmitter, 91, 98, 103 Niacinamide, 103 Nicorandil, 50, 103 Norepinephrine, 91, 92, 98, 103 Nuclear, 13, 17, 21, 23, 29, 33, 34, 35, 40, 45, 46, 92, 98, 103, 109 O Overdose, 12, 103 Oxidation, 33, 91, 103 Oxidative metabolism, 35, 91, 104 Oxygen Consumption, 99, 104, 107 P Pacemaker, 5, 7, 38, 43, 45, 59, 64, 104 Palliative, 104, 109 Palsy, 92, 104 Paradoxical, 17, 104 Parasystole, 22, 104 Parkinsonism, 102, 104 Paroxysmal, 26, 58, 60, 61, 104 Patch, 4, 104 Pathologic, 19, 37, 97, 104, 109, 110 Pathophysiology, 9, 104 Peptide, 12, 104, 106 Perfusion, 12, 13, 18, 21, 29, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 104 PH, 29, 42, 104 Pharmacologic, 31, 39, 40, 59, 104, 109 Phenotype, 4, 104 Physical Examination, 26, 104 Physiology, 35, 94, 103, 105 Plants, 92, 93, 97, 100, 102, 103, 105 Plaque, 92, 105 Pneumonia, 97, 105 Pons, 92, 99, 105 Port, 37, 40, 64, 105 Port-a-cath, 105 Posterior, 24, 98, 105 Postoperative, 16, 25, 105 Potassium, 37, 103, 105 Potentiating, 92, 105 Practice Guidelines, 76, 105 Precordial, 4, 13, 39, 105 Precursor, 12, 98, 103, 105 Prevalence, 15, 39, 105 Probe, 4, 105

114

Bundle Branch Block

Procainamide, 4, 59, 105 Procaine, 105 Progressive, 4, 103, 106 Protein S, 93, 106 Proteins, 4, 92, 95, 96, 100, 102, 104, 106 Proximal, 18, 64, 98, 106, 107 Psychology, 97, 106 Public Policy, 75, 106 Pulmonary, 7, 8, 41, 46, 93, 99, 106, 110 Pulmonary Artery, 93, 106, 110 Pulmonary Edema, 7, 106 Pulmonary Embolism, 8, 46, 106 Pulse, 64, 102, 106 R Radiation, 99, 100, 106, 110 Radioactive, 101, 103, 106, 108, 109 Radiofrequency ablation, 26, 106 Radionuclide Ventriculography, 31, 106 Radiopharmaceutical, 100, 106 Randomized, 98, 106 Reagent, 106, 107 Recombinant, 106, 110 Reentry, 11, 17, 106 Refer, 1, 95, 106 Regimen, 98, 106 Regurgitation, 45, 46, 107 Reliability, 36, 107 Respiration, 102, 107 Retrograde, 23, 107 Rheumatoid, 41, 107 Ribose, 91, 107 Rubidium, 37, 107 S Saphenous, 97, 107 Saphenous Vein, 97, 107 Screening, 95, 107 Sedative, 92, 107 Seizures, 104, 107 Sensor, 65, 107 Septal, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 30, 33, 38, 49, 107 Serotonin, 92, 95, 102, 103, 107 Side effect, 91, 95, 107, 109 Sinoatrial Node, 99, 104, 107 Sodium, 59, 98, 107 Sound wave, 96, 108 Specialist, 81, 108 Species, 93, 108, 109, 110 Sperm, 95, 108 Stenosis, 15, 17, 108 Stimulant, 98, 108 Stress, 13, 21, 31, 38, 39, 40, 47, 94, 108 Stricture, 108

Stroke, 74, 94, 108 Stroke Volume, 94, 108 Sudden cardiac death, 23, 108 Sudden death, 4, 8, 22, 46, 108 Supine, 38, 108 Suppression, 10, 108 Supraventricular, 20, 25, 27, 61, 108 Symptomatic, 98, 108 Syncope, 6, 10, 33, 47, 48, 58, 108 Systolic, 12, 14, 18, 19, 30, 36, 40, 45, 101, 108 T Tachyarrhythmia, 59, 108 Tardive, 95, 108 Technetium, 35, 45, 108 Therapeutics, 109 Thermal, 97, 109 Thoracic, 24, 44, 45, 97, 109 Thoracotomy, 64, 109 Threshold, 101, 109 Thrombosis, 106, 108, 109 Tissue, 30, 46, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109 Tomography, 18, 19, 34, 109 Tone, 61, 109 Tonus, 109 Torsion, 101, 109 Toxic, iv, 93, 97, 100, 109 Toxicity, 16, 28, 98, 109 Toxicology, 76, 109 Transcutaneous, 38, 109 Transfection, 93, 109 Transplantation, 22, 29, 109 Tricyclic, 92, 95, 109 U Uranium, 108, 109 V Vascular, 92, 101, 109 Vascular Resistance, 92, 109 Vasoconstriction, 98, 109 Vasodilatation, 94, 103, 109 Vasodilation, 103, 110 Vector, 42, 110 Vectorcardiography, 24, 110 Vein, 92, 101, 103, 107, 110 Venous, 14, 93, 103, 106, 110 Ventricle, 18, 19, 64, 93, 104, 106, 107, 108, 110 Ventricular Dysfunction, 29, 45, 50, 110 Ventricular fibrillation, 4, 6, 8, 44, 110 Ventricular Function, 16, 19, 31, 106, 110 Verapamil, 50, 59, 110

115

Veterinary Medicine, 75, 110 Viral, 61, 110 Virulence, 109, 110 Virus, 105, 110

X X-ray, 93, 96, 97, 99, 103, 110 Y Yeasts, 104, 110

116

Bundle Branch Block

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