Myelofibrosis - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

MYELOFIBROSIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES...

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MYELOFIBROSIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Myelofibrosis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00735-5 1. Myelofibrosis-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on myelofibrosis. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON MYELOFIBROSIS ........................................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Myelofibrosis................................................................................. 4 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND MYELOFIBROSIS............................................................................... 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 Finding Nutrition Studies on Myelofibrosis................................................................................ 53 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 55 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND MYELOFIBROSIS ........................................................ 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 57 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 61 General References ....................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON MYELOFIBROSIS ......................................................................................... 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON MYELOFIBROSIS ........................................................... 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 65 Academic Periodicals covering Myelofibrosis .............................................................................. 66 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 71 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 73 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 77 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 77 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 77 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 81 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 81 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 81 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 81 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 81 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 87 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 87 MYELOFIBROSIS DICTIONARY................................................................................................ 89 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 125

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with myelofibrosis is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about myelofibrosis, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to myelofibrosis, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on myelofibrosis. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to myelofibrosis, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on myelofibrosis. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON MYELOFIBROSIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on myelofibrosis.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and myelofibrosis, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Practice Guidelines for Liver Biopsy Source: Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. 14(6): 481-482. June 2000. Contact: Available from Pulsus Group, Inc. 2902 South Sheridan Way, Oakville, Ontario, Canada L6J 7L6. Fax (905) 829-4799. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: Histological assessment of the liver by using biopsy remains important in the diagnosis and follow up of acute and chronic hepatic (liver) disease. This article offers practice guidelines for liver biopsy, as established by the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG). Liver biopsies may be obtained blind, i.e., by clinical estimation of organ location; by using radiological guidance with computerized tomography or ultrasound; via the transvenous (through the jugular or femoral veins) route in patients with contraindications to percutaneous (through the skin) biopsy; or

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via direct vision, surgically or laparoscopically in certain situations. The authors list the indications for liver biopsy and note that the prebiopsy workup of a patient should include informed consent, including an explanation of the risks of the procedure and the laboratory test results that can be obtained from the biopsy. Postbiopsy management should include a recording by the physician performing the biopsy of how many 'passes' were made, any medications administered, and any apparent complications. Contraindications to percutaneous liver biopsy include an uncooperative patient, impaired coagulation, severe uncorrected anemia, significant ascites, infection in the path of the needle, suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction of high grade, cholangitis, echinococcal cysts, no safe unobstructed access route to biopsy, leukemia and myelofibrosis, and uremia. The authors conclude that with strict attention to the indications and contraindications, liver biopsy can be regarded as a safe and useful procedure. 2 references.

Federally Funded Research on Myelofibrosis The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to myelofibrosis. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to myelofibrosis. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore myelofibrosis. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for myelofibrosis: •

Project Title: APOPTOSIS IN MYELOFIBROSIS WITH MYELOID METAPLASIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Mesa, Ruben A.; Mayo Clinic Coll of Medicine, Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-SEP-2002; Project End 31-AUG-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that results in progressive cytopenias, splenomegaly, blastic transformation, and death. No broadly applicable therapy is available. The pathogenetic mechanism of MMM is currently unknown. A defect in the normal process of apoptosis has been demonstrated in the related myeloproliferative disorders of chronic myeloid leukemia and polycythemia vera. We have shown that apoptosis (spontaneous, serum deprivation, and TNF-alpha induced) is quantitively diminished in the granulocytes of patients with MMM. We have also observed that erythroid precursors from MMM patients can be grown in vitro in the absence of the prerequisite cytokine erythropoietin. Cytokine independent growth has been characterized in

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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polycythemia Vera to arise from over-expression of Bcl-XL (an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family). We believe the diminished apoptosis we have observed in MMM may be linked to cytokine hypersensitivity and, potentially, to the anti-apoptotic pathways of Bcl-2 or the Akt pathway. We hypothesize that apoptosis is dysregulated in granulocytes in MMM, and this is a reflection of the corresponding defect in the aberrant clone. In this grant application we propose to: 1.Compare baseline levels of apoptotic proteins and regulators across the spectrum of MMM patients and controls. Baseline levels of apoptotic proteins (caspases), and regulators (lAP's, Bcl-2 family members) will be assessed across a spectrum of MMM patients and normal controls. 2. Evaluate the regulation of caspase activation in MMM neutrophils subjected to apoptotic stimuli through both cellular and cell free systems. Isolated neutrophils from MMM patients and controls will be subjected to various apoptotic stimuli to delineate which pathway of apoptosis is aberrantly regulated. Subsequent experiments will use both immunoblotting and a cytosol caspase activation assay to determine which caspases and regulators are responsible for the apoptotic defect seen in MMM neutrophils. 3. Evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase pathway on cytokine independent growth in myeloid progenitors in MMM. Cytokine independent growth of myeloid colonies will be confirmed across a spectrum of MMM patients. Subsequent experiments will delineate the role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway in both apoptosis resistance and cytokine independent colony growth. Successful accomplishments of these goals will provide the scientific basis for targeted anti-myeloproliferative therapy for the treatment of patients suffering from MMM and potentially related chronic myeloid disorders. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: PROTEOMIC STUDY OF MEGAKARYOCYTE TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL Principal Investigator & Institution: Cantor, Alan B.; Leader, Biostatistics and Informatics Co; Children's Hospital (Boston) Boston, Ma 021155737 Timing: Fiscal Year 2004; Project Start 01-JAN-2004; Project End 31-DEC-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Megakaryocytes are large polyploid bone marrow cells that play essential roles in hemostasis through the generation of platelets. Disorders of megakaryocyte proliferation and development, including megakaryoblastic leukemia, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, and megakaryoblastic thrombocytopenia are associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. While much is known about platelet biology and the cytokine regulation of megakaryopoiesis, the transcriptional regulation of megakaryocyte development and growth is incompletely understood. Prior work has shown that the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1 plays an essential role in both of these processes. Deficiency of GATA-1 leads to marked hyperproliferation and impaired maturation of megakaryocytes, and causes progressive myelofibrosis in mice. Mutations that result in an amino terminal truncation of GATA-1 are highly associated with megakaryoblastic leukemia in patients with Down syndrome. Preliminary studies using gel filtration chromatography indicate that GATA-1 participates in at least two stable multiprotein complexes of about 360 and 230 kDa in the L8057 murine megakaryocytic cell line (molecular mass of GATA-1 alone is 48 kDa). This proposal utilizes a proteomic approach to identify the components of these complexes and test the following hypotheses: (1) the formation of stable multiprotein complexes containing GATA-1 is functionally important in controlling megakaryocytespecific gene expression and growth control; (2) the composition of GATA-1 containing complexes changes during megakaryocyte differentiation, (3) distinct GATA-1

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containing complexes exist in megakaryocyte versus erythroid cells, and (4) amino terminal truncation mutations of GATA-1 associated with megakaryoblastic leukemia result in altered multiprotein complex formation and/or activity. A novel method employing metabolic biotin tagging followed by avidin affinity chromatography will be used to isolate GATA-1 containing complexes. Components will be identified by LC/MS/MS mass spectrometry and database search. Results will be validated by coimmunoprecipitation and gel shift assays in primary megakaryocytes. Finally, the functional significance of identified components will be assessed by stable RNAi gene silencing in induced L8057 cells. The results of this study should provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of megakaryopoiesis, and possibly new therapeutic targets for disorders of megakaryocyte proliferation and development. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: STEM CELL RESCUE AFTER BONE MARROW CURETTAGE FOR TREATMENT OF AMM Principal Investigator & Institution: Silver, Richard T.; Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ New York, Ny 10021 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: TRANSPLANTS FOR MYELODYSPLASIA AND MYELOFIBROSIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Deeg, H Joachim.; Member; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Ave N Seattle, Wa 98109 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002 Summary: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only therapeutic modality with curative potential in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Relapse (in advanced MS), regimen- related toxicity (RRT) and nonrelapse-mortality (MRS) have remained causes of treatment failure. RRT increases with age, a concern in MDS patients with a median age at diagnosis of 65-70 years. Patients with myelofibrosis (MF) frequently are in a similar age range and have limited therapeutic options. The long-term goal of this project is to improve outcome with HSCT in patients with MDS and MF. To reduce NRM, new regimens with reduced to improve outcome with HSCT in patients with MDS and MF. To reduce NRM, new regimens with reduced toxicity for related or unrelated transplants will be developed. Specifically, 1) patients with "less advanced" MDS will receive busulfan (BU) targeted to plasma levels of 800-900 ng/mL plus cyclophosphamide (CY), g-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), and post-grafting methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine (CSP); 2) patients with "advanced" MDS will be treated with either a) targeted BU (800-900 ng/mL) plus fludarabine, G-CSF mobilized blood stem cells (PBSC), and post-grafting methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine (CSP); 2) patients with "advanced" MDS will be treated with either a) targeted BU (800- 900 NG/mL) plus fludaribine, G-CSF mobilized PBSC, and MTX/CSP (patients 65 years old; CD33+; <30x10/9WBC/L; medical contraindications to conventional regimens); 3) patients with MF, <66 years old, will receive targeted BU and CY, G- CSF mobilized PBSC, and MMF/CSP (related) or MTX/CSP (unrelated donors). MF patients will also undergo sequential marrow scanning and biopsies to determine the kinetics of regression of MF; 4) high risk and older patients with MDS or MF will be treated with a nonmyeloablative regimen (fludarabine+ 200 cGy TBI) and MMF/CSP post-transplant,

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relying on a graft-vs-host effect for disease eradication. Results from those studies will be considered in the design of subsequent protocols under this Project. These treatment strategies are expected to reduce RRT and NRM in patients with MDS and MF without increasing the relapse rate, and thereby further improve disease-free survival. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with myelofibrosis, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for myelofibrosis (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis with a preponderance of eosinophilic precursor cells. Author(s): Kwon KS, Lee JB, Jang HS, Chung TA, Oh CK. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1999 June; 26(6): 379-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10405485

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A case of porphyria cutanea tarda in association with idiopathic myelofibrosis and CREST syndrome. Author(s): Lee SC, Yun SJ, Lee JB, Lee SS, Won YH. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2001 January; 144(1): 182-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11167703

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A phase 2 trial of combination low-dose thalidomide and prednisone for the treatment of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Mesa RA, Steensma DP, Pardanani A, Li CY, Elliott M, Kaufmann SH, Wiseman G, Gray LA, Schroeder G, Reeder T, Zeldis JB, Tefferi A. Source: Blood. 2003 April 1; 101(7): 2534-41. Epub 2002 November 27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12517815

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A pilot study of recombinant human interleukin-4 therapy of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Giles FJ, Keating AR, Kurzrock R, Talpaz M. Source: Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. 1999 November; 19(11): 1253-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10574617

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A pleural effusion caused by fibrous hematopoietic tumor successfully treated with prednisolone in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hirayama Y, Koyama R, Nagai T, Matsunaga T, Kogawa K, Sakamaki S, Kokai Y, Niitsu Y. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 April; 75(3): 305-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11999361

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A variant form of acute promyelocytic leukemia with marked myelofibrosis. Author(s): Fukuno K, Tsurumi H, Yoshikawa T, Yamada T, Oyama M, Moriwaki H. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2001 October; 74(3): 322-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11721970

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Acute myelofibrosis: multifocal bone marrow infiltration detected by scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Olipitz W, Beham-Schmid C, Aigner R, Raith J, Linkesch W, Sill H. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2000 May; 79(5): 275-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10870484

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Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Schmitt-Graeff A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2004 April; 45(4): 681-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15160939

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Acute renal failure secondary to spontaneous acute tumor lysis syndrome in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Sile S, Wall BM. Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2001 October; 38(4): E21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11576908

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Allogeneic blood cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning is effective therapy for older patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Devine SM, Hoffman R, Verma A, Shah R, Bradlow BA, Stock W, Maynard V, Jessop E, Peace D, Huml M, Thomason D, Chen YH, van Besien K. Source: Blood. 2002 March 15; 99(6): 2255-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11877308

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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Author(s): Deeg HJ, Gooley TA, Flowers ME, Sale GE, Slattery JT, Anasetti C, Chauncey TR, Doney K, Georges GE, Kiem HP, Martin PJ, Petersdorf EW, Radich J, Sanders JE, Sandmaier BM, Warren EH, Witherspoon RP, Storb R, Appelbaum FR. Source: Blood. 2003 December 1; 102(12): 3912-8. Epub 2003 August 14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12920019

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Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or myelofibrosis. Author(s): Deeg HJ, Guardiola P. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 August; 76 Suppl 2: 29-34. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12430896

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Allogeneic peripheral blood cell transplantation for hypereosinophilic syndrome with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Vazquez L, Caballero D, Canizo CD, Lopez C, Hernandez R, Gonzalez I, Flores T, San Miguel JF. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 January; 25(2): 217-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10673685

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Altered transcription of the stem cell leukemia gene in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Steunou V, Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Colin-Micouin A, Clay D, Chevillard S, Martyre MC; French INSERM Research Network on Myelofibrosis Myeloid Metaplasia. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2003 October; 17(10): 1998-2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14513050

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Amyloidosis complicating idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Chan KW, Ho CP. Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 1999 December; 34(6): E27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10585333

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Analysis of risk factors of the evolution of myelofibrosis in pre-fibrotic chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis: a retrospective study based on follow up biopsies of 70 patients by using the RECPAM method. Author(s): Kreft A, Wiese B, Weiss M, Choritz H, Buhr T, Busche G, Georgii A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2004 March; 45(3): 553-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15160918

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Myelofibrosis

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Anemia and hepatosplenomegaly as presenting features in a child with rickets and secondary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Gruner BA, DeNapoli TS, Elshihabi S, Britton HA, Langevin AM, Thomas PJ, Weitman SD. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2003 October; 25(10): 813-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14528107

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Autoimmune myelofibrosis: report of three cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Rizzi R, Pastore D, Liso A, Liuzzi GM, Dalena AM, Specchia G, Ricco R, Liso V. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2004 March; 45(3): 561-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15160919

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Basal cell carcinoma with bony metastases producing myelofibrosis. Author(s): Jager RM, Weiner LJ, Howell RS. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1977 September; 113(9): 1288-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=900975

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Benzene-associated myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hu H. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1987 January; 106(1): 171-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3789571

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Bilateral interstitial pneumonic shadows caused by perivascular fibrosis and extramedullary megakaryopoiesis of the lung in a case of advanced agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ueno H, Yoneda R, Ogawa W, Yoon S, Kitazawa S, Kitazawa R, Kasuga M. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2000; 104(4): 212-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11279314

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Biology and management of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Smith BD, Moliterno AR. Source: Current Opinion in Oncology. 2001 March; 13(2): 91-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11224705

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Blast transformation in serosal cavities in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Casciaro S, D'Elia P, Sessarego M, Rosa F, Ghio R, Boccaccio P. Source: Haematologica. 1988 September-October; 73(5): 403-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3143642

Studies

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Blood and spleen haematopoiesis in patients with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Douay L, Laporte JP, Lefrancois G, Najman A, Dupuy-Montbrun MC, Lopez M, Giarratana MC, Gorin NC. Source: Leukemia Research. 1987; 11(8): 725-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3626614

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Bone growth and haemopoiesis: steroid reversible anaemia, myelofibrosis and increased bone formation in a child. Author(s): Macdougall LG, Pettifor JM, Patel JM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1987 May; 66(1): 5-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3593656

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Bone marrow and serum connective tissue polypeptides in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Reilly JT, Brindley L, Kay M, Fielding S, Kennedy A, Dolan G, Smith A. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1995 March; 17(1): 35-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7542579

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Bone marrow effects of anagrelide therapy in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Yoon SY, Li CY, Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1999 September; 106(3): 682-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10468856

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Bone marrow failure and myelofibrosis in a case of PVP storage disease. Author(s): Dunn P, Kuo T, Shih LY, Wang PN, Sun CF, Chang MJ. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1998 January; 57(1): 68-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9423820

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Bone marrow fibrosis (pseudo-myelofibrosis) in human kala-azar. Author(s): Rocha Filho FD, Ferreira FV, Mendes Fde O, Ferreira FN, Karbage A, Alencar ML, Costa D. Source: Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical. 2000 July-August; 33(4): 363-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10936949

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Bone marrow histochemical studies of fibrogenic cytokines and their receptors in myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis and related disorders. Author(s): Yoon SY, Li CY, Lloyd RV, Tefferi A. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2000 October; 72(3): 337-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11185990

12

Myelofibrosis

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Bone marrow histopathology following cytoreductive therapy in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Schmitt-Graeff A, Diehl V. Source: Histopathology. 2003 November; 43(5): 470-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14636273

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Bone marrow histopathology in primary myelofibrosis: clinical and haematologic correlations and prognostic evaluation. Author(s): Pereira A, Cervantes F, Brugues R, Rozman C. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1990 February; 44(2): 95-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2318300

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Bone marrow hypervascularity in patients with myelofibrosis identified by infra-red thermography. Author(s): Baglin TP, Crocker J, Timmins A, Chandler S, Boughton BJ. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1991; 13(4): 341-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1773587

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Bone marrow immunohistochemical studies of angiogenic cytokines and their receptors in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Chou JM, Li CY, Tefferi A. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 June; 27(6): 499-504. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12648509

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Bone marrow in polycythemia vera, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and myelofibrosis has an increased vascularity. Author(s): Lundberg LG, Lerner R, Sundelin P, Rogers R, Folkman J, Palmblad J. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2000 July; 157(1): 15-9. Erratum In: Am J Pathol 2000 August; 157(2): 690. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10880370

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Bone marrow scintigraphy in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Rain JD, Najean Y. Source: Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1993 February; 35(1): 101-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8511031

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Bone marrow stroma in idiopathic myelofibrosis and other haematological diseases. An immunohistochemical study. Author(s): Lisse I, Hasselbalch H, Junker P. Source: Apmis : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica. 1991 February; 99(2): 171-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2001283

Studies

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Both B and T lymphocytes may be clonally involved in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Reeder TL, Bailey RJ, Dewald GW, Tefferi A. Source: Blood. 2003 March 1; 101(5): 1981-3. Epub 2002 October 24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12406879

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Carboxy-terminal fragment of osteogenic growth peptide in vitro increases bone marrow cell density in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Fazzi R, Pacini S, Testi R, Azzara A, Galimberti S, Testi C, Trombi L, Metelli MR, Petrini M. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 April; 121(1): 76-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12670334

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Case of myelofibrosis with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: the role of plateletderived growth factor in pathogenesis. Author(s): John B, Subhash H, Thomas K. Source: N Z Med J. 2004 April 23; 117(1192): U853. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15107873

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CD34+ progenitor cells in idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis: a comparative quantification between spleen and bone marrow tissue. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Czieslick C. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2002 February; 81(2): 86-9. Epub 2002 January 10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11907788

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Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis: prognostic impact of myelofibrosis and clinical parameters on event-free survival in 122 patients who presented in prefibrotic and fibrotic stages. A retrospective study identifying subgroups of different prognoses by using the RECPAM method. Author(s): Kreft A, Weiss M, Wiese B, Choritz H, Buhr T, Busche G, Georgii A. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2003 October; 82(10): 605-11. Epub 2003 August 28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14564478

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Circulating haemopoietic progenitor cells in primary and secondary myelofibrosis: relation to collagen and reticulin fibrosis. Author(s): Colovic MD, Wiernik PH, Jankovic GM, Vidovic AD, Janosevic S, Basara NM. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1999 March; 62(3): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10089892

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Myelofibrosis

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Circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells predict survival in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Sagaster V, Jager E, Weltermann A, Schwarzinger I, Gisslinger H, Lechner K, Geissler K, Oehler L. Source: Haematologica. 2003 November; 88(11): 1204-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14607748

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Clinical and bone marrow effects of interferon alfa therapy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Elliot MA, Yoon SY, Li CY, Mesa RA, Call TG, Dispenzieri A. Source: Blood. 2001 March 15; 97(6): 1896. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11263440

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Clinical and morphological criteria for the diagnosis of prefibrotic idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Zankovich R, Diehl V. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 March; 80(3): 160-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11320901

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Clinical and pathological criteria for the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and idiopathic myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia). Author(s): Michiels JJ, Thiele J. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 August; 76(2): 133-45. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12215011

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Clinical correlates of splenic histopathology and splenic karyotype in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Mesa RA, Li CY, Schroeder G, Tefferi A. Source: Blood. 2001 June 1; 97(11): 3665-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11369668

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Clinical efficacy and antiangiogenic activity of thalidomide in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. A pilot study. Author(s): Piccaluga PP, Visani G, Pileri SA, Ascani S, Grafone T, Isidori A, Malagola M, Finelli C, Martinelli G, Ricci P, Baccarani M, Tura S. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2002 September; 16(9): 1609-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12200671

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Clodronate in myelofibrosis: a case report. Author(s): Froom P, Elmalah I, Braester A, Aghai E, Quitt M. Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2002 February; 323(2): 115-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11863080

Studies

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Comparison of peripheral blood interphase cytogenetics with bone marrow karyotype analysis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Meyer RG, Wyatt WA, Dewald GW. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 November; 115(2): 316-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11703327

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Constitutive expression of the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes derived from idiopathic myelofibrosis and non-neoplastic haematopoiesis. Author(s): Bock O, Neusch M, Busche G, Mengel M, Kreipe H. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2004 April; 72(4): 239-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15089760

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Critical review of pathogenetic mechanisms in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Martyre MC. Source: Curr Hematol Rep. 2003 May; 2(3): 257-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12901348

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Cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis associated with blast crisis in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Pagerols X, Curc N, Marti JM, Vives P. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1998 November; 23(6): 296-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10233634

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Cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Rogalski C, Paasch U, Friedrich T, Haustein UF, Sticherling M. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2002 December; 41(12): 883-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12492977

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Cytogenetic and molecular genetic aspects of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Reilly JT. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2002; 108(3): 113-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12373082

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Cytogenetic findings and their clinical relevance in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Schroeder G, Hanson CA, Li CY, Dewald GW. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 June; 113(3): 763-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11380468

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Myelofibrosis

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Danazol treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis with severe anemia. Author(s): Cervantes F, Hernandez-Boluda JC, Alvarez A, Nadal E, Montserrat E. Source: Haematologica. 2000 June; 85(6): 595-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10870115

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Deciding on transplantation for myelofibrosis: setting the record straight. Author(s): Tefferi A, Deeg HJ. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 July; 79(7): 953-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15244400

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Defective erythropoiesis in primary myelofibrosis associated with a chromosome 11 abnormality. Author(s): Patton WN, Bunce CM, Larkins S, Brown G. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1991 July; 64(1): 128-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1854612

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Deferoxamine-induced restoration of haematopoiesis in myelofibrosis secondary to myelodysplasia. Author(s): Marsh JH, Hundert M, Schulman P. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1990 September; 76(1): 148-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2223635

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Deposition of transforming growth factor-beta in the marrow in myelofibrosis, and the intracellular localization and secretion of TGF-beta by leukemic cells. Author(s): Johnston JB, Dalal BI, Israels SJ, Oh S, McMillan E, Begleiter A, Michaud G, Israels LG, Greenberg AH. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1995 May; 103(5): 574-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7741102

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Dermatomyositis and myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis responding to methotrexate therapy. Author(s): Tsuji G, Maekawa S, Saigo K, Nobuhara Y, Nakamura T, Kawano S, Koshiba M, Asahara S, Chinzei T, Kumagai S. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 November; 74(3): 175-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14587044

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Development of acute leukaemia after idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hernandez JM, San Miguel JF, Gonzalez M, Orfao A, Canizo MC, Bascones C, Hernandez J, Lopez Borrasca A. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992 May; 45(5): 427-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1597522

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Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of the myeloproliferative disorders essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and essential megakaryocytic granulocytic metaplasia and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Michiels JJ, Kutti J, Stark P, Bazzan M, Gugliotta L, Marchioli R, Griesshammer M, van Genderen PJ, Briere J, Kiladjian JJ, Barbui T, Finazzi G, Berlin NI, Pearson TC, Green AC, Fruchtmann SM, Silver RT, Hansmann E, Wehmeier A, Lengfelder E, Landolfi R, Kvasnicka HM, Hasselbalch H, Cervantes F, Thiele J, et al. Source: The Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 1999 February; 54(2): 46-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10079679

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Diagnostic and clinical relevance of the number of circulating CD34(+) cells in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Barosi G, Viarengo G, Pecci A, Rosti V, Piaggio G, Marchetti M, Frassoni F. Source: Blood. 2001 December 1; 98(12): 3249-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11719361

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Diagnostic differentiation of essential thrombocythaemia from thrombocythaemias associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis by discriminate analysis of bone marrow features--a clinicopathological study on 272 patients. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM. Source: Histology and Histopathology. 2003 January; 18(1): 93-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12507288

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Differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta, basic fibroblast growth factor, and their receptors in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Chevillard S, Charpentier A, Romquin N, Clay D, Smadja-Joffe F, Praloran V, Dupriez B, Demory JL, Jasmin C, Martyre MC. Source: Blood. 1996 December 15; 88(12): 4534-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8977245

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Diffuse intraabdominal lymphoma complicating idiopathic myelofibrosis: CT demonstration. Author(s): Goodman P, Kumar R, Alperin JB. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1991 June; 156(6): 1189-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2028865

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Diffuse pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with myelofibrosis: CT findings. Author(s): Wyatt SH, Fishman EK. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1994 September-October; 18(5): 8157. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8089334

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Myelofibrosis

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Does cytogenetic mosaicism in CD34+CD38low cells reflect the persistence of normal primitive hematopoietic progenitors in myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis? Author(s): Bilhou-Nabera C, Brigaudeau C, Clay D, Andrieux J, Lai JL, Brouty-Boye D, Vignon C, Gharbi MJ, Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Praloran V; French INSERM Network o Myeloid Metaplasia with Myelofibrosis. Source: Blood. 2003 August 15; 102(4): 1551-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12900353

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Dose-reduced conditioning regimen followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Hessling J, Kroger N, Werner M, Zabelina T, Hansen A, Kordes U, Ayuk FA, Renges H, Panse J, Erttmann R, Zander AR. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(3): 769-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12437657

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Down's syndrome with transient abnormal myelofibrosis. Author(s): Jindal N, Ghoshal N, Kabra SK. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2000 July; 37(7): 808-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10906829

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Dual implication of fibrogenic cytokines in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and myeloproliferation in myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Martyre MC. Source: Annals of Hematology. 1999 October; 78(10): 437-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10550553

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Durable responses to thalidomide-based drug therapy for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Mesa RA, Elliott MA, Schroeder G, Tefferi A. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 July; 79(7): 883-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15244384

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Dynamics of fibrosis in chronic idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis during therapy: a follow-up study on 309 patients. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Schmitt-Graeff A, Diehl V. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 June; 44(6): 949-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12854892

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Dysregulation and overexpression of HMGA2 in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Andrieux J, Demory JL, Dupriez B, Quief S, Plantier I, Roumier C, Bauters F, Lai JL, Kerckaert JP. Source: Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 2004 January; 39(1): 82-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14603445

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Early-stage idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis--current issues of diagnostic features. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Zankovich R, Diehl V. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 May; 43(5): 1035-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12148883

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Effects of short-term liquid cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant human granulocyte or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cytogenetic studies of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Nakamura H, Sadamori N, Mine M, Kawachi T, Itoyama T, Sasagawa I, Moriuchi Y, Momita S, Nonaka H, Matsuo T, et al. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1992 August; 6(8): 853-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1379315

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Elevated levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in megakaryocytes and platelets from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Martyre MC, Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Romquin N, Chevillard S, Praloran V, Demory JL, Dupriez B. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1997 May; 97(2): 441-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9163611

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Elevated soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in plasma from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis or polycythaemia vera. Author(s): Jensen MK, Riisbro R, de Nully Brown P, Brunner N, Hasselbalch HC. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 69(1): 43-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12270061

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Elevated thrombopoietin levels in patients with myelofibrosis may not be due to enhanced production of thrombopoietin by bone marrow. Author(s): Wang JC, Hashmi G. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 January; 27(1): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12479847

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Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Di Raimondo F, Azzaro MP, Palumbo GA, Bagnato S, Stagno F, Giustolisi GM, Cacciola E, Sortino G, Guglielmo P, Giustolisi R. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2001 June; 15(6): 976-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11417486

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Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal variceal hemorrhage in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Takasaki M, Takahashi I, Takamatsu M, Yorimitsu S, Yorimitsu Y, Takeda I, Horimi T. Source: Journal of Gastroenterology. 1996 April; 31(2): 260-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8680548

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Endoscopic variceal ligation for portal hypertension due to myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Nikolaidis N, Giouleme O, Sileli M, Tziomalos K, Grammatikos N, Garipidou V, Eugenidis N. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2004 May; 72(5): 379-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15059078

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Epidemiology of the myeloproliferative disorders: essential thrombocythaemia, polycythaemia vera and idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kutti J, Ridell B. Source: Pathologie-Biologie. 2001 March; 49(2): 164-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11317963

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Erythroleukemia following erythropoietin therapy, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and splenectomy in a patient with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Coleman TA, Hamill RL, Ford SM. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2001 July; 67(3): 214-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11391725

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Erythropoietin treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Aloe Spiriti M, Latagliata R, Avvisati G, Battistel V, Montefusco E, Spadea A, Petti MC. Source: Haematologica. 1993 November-December; 78(6): 371-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8175031

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Esophageal variceal ligation for esophageal variceal hemorrhage in a patient with portal and primary pulmonary hypertension complicating myelofibrosis. Author(s): Lee WC, Lin HC, Tsay SH, Yang YY, Hou MC, Lee FY, Chang FY, Lee SD. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2001 April; 46(4): 915-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11330433

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Establishment of a novel granulocytic sarcoma cell line which can adhere to dermal fibroblasts from a patient with granulocytic sarcoma in dermal tissues and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kobayashi M, Imamura M, Soga R, Tsuda Y, Maeda S, Iwasaki H, Sugiura M, Ohizumi H, Musashi M, Morioka M, et al. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1992 September; 82(1): 26-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1419799

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Etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, palliates constitutional symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: results of a pilot study. Author(s): Steensma DP, Mesa RA, Li CY, Gray L, Tefferi A. Source: Blood. 2002 March 15; 99(6): 2252-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11877307

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Evans' syndrome, myelofibrosis and systemic lupus erythematosus: role of procollagens in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ramakrishna R, Kyle PW, Day PJ, Manoharan A. Source: Pathology. 1995 July; 27(3): 255-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8532392

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Evolution of myelofibrosis in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis as evidenced in sequential bone marrow biopsy specimens. Author(s): Buhr T, Busche G, Choritz H, Langer F, Kreipe H. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2003 January; 119(1): 152-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12520711

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Extramedullary haematopoeisis in the renal parenchyma as a cause of acute renal failure in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Holt SG, Field P, Carmichael P, Mehta A, Jarmulowicz M, Clarke D, Hilson A, Burns A. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 1995; 10(8): 1438-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8538939

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the kidneys in infant siblings with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Fernbach SK, Feinstein KA. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1992; 22(3): 211-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1508592

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis involving the esophagus in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Fedeli G, Certo M, Cannizzaro O, Forti G, Perniola R, Manna R, Gambassi G. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1990 November; 85(11): 1512-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2239880

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Extramedullary megakaryoblastic tumors following an indolent phase of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Chubachi A, Wakui H, Miura I, Saitoh M, Nishinari T, Nishimura S, Miura AB. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1995 April; 17(3-4): 351-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8580808

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Falx myeloid metaplasia in myelofibrosis. A CT demonstration. Author(s): Avrahami E, Yust Y, Cohn DF. Source: Neuroradiology. 1981; 21(3): 165-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7231679

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Familial idiopathic myelofibrosis and multiple hemangiomas. Author(s): Bonduel M, Sciuccati G, Torres AF, Pierini A, Gallo G. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1998 October; 59(2): 175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9766805

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Familial myelofibrosis. Author(s): Sieff CA, Malleson P. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1980 November; 55(11): 888-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7436463

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Fatal familial infantile myelofibrosis. Author(s): Sheikha A. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2004 March; 26(3): 164-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15125608

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Fatty bone marrow with severe myeloid hypoplasia in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Polino G, Barosi G, Berzuini A, Castelli G, Isernia P, Palestra P, Riccardi A, Rossi F, Magrini U. Source: Haematologica. 1986 March-April; 71(2): 117-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3087832

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Ferrokinetic study of splenic erythropoiesis: relationships among clinical diagnosis, myelofibrosis, splenomegaly, and extramedullary erythropoiesis. Author(s): Beguin Y, Fillet G, Bury J, Fairon Y. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1989 October; 32(2): 123-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2757009

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Fibrous long spacing-like fibers in the bone marrow of primary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kamiyama R, Shimamine T. Source: Journal of Electron Microscopy. 1977; 26(4): 339-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=604416

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Fine structure and peroxidase activity of circulating micromegakaryoblasts and platelets in a case of acute myelofibrosis. Author(s): Gorius JB, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Denoel GK. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1973 September; 25(3): 331-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4582723

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FLAG chemotherapy followed by allogeneic stem cell transplant using nonmyeloablative conditioning induces regression of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tanner ML, Hoh CK, Bashey A, Holman P, Sun C, Broome HE, Lane T, Ball ED, Carrier E. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2003 September; 32(6): 581-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12953130

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 25 cases of idiopathic myelofibrosis and two cases of secondary myelofibrosis: monoallelic loss of RB1, D13S319 and D13S25 loci associated with cytogenetic deletion and translocation involving 13q14. Author(s): Sinclair EJ, Forrest EC, Reilly JT, Watmore AE, Potter AM. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 May; 113(2): 365-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11380400

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Follow-up studies with sequential bone marrow biopsies in chronic myeloid leukaemia and so-called primary (idiopathic) osteo-myelofibrosis. Evolution of histopathological lesions and clinical course in 40 patients. Author(s): Thiele J, Simon KG, Fischer R, Zankovich R. Source: Pathology, Research and Practice. 1988 August; 183(4): 434-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3186544

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Frequency of structural abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 12 in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Andrieux J, Demory JL, Morel P, Plantier I, Dupriez B, Caulier MT, Bauters F, Lai JL. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2002 August; 137(1): 68-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12377417

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Frequent association of idiopathic myelofibrosis with plasma cell dyscrasias. Author(s): Duhrsen U, Uppenkamp M, Meusers P, Konig E, Brittinger G. Source: Blut. 1988 March; 56(3): 97-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3355902

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Gallium bone scan in myelofibrosis: case report. Author(s): Blei CL, Born ML, Rollo FD. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1977 May; 18(5): 445-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=870635

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Gd(--) Abrami: a deficient G-6PD variant with hemizygous expression in blood cells of a woman with primary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kahn A, Bernard JF, Cottreau D, Marie J, Boivin P. Source: Humangenetik. 1975 October 20; 30(1): 41-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=241700

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Gelatinous bone marrow transformation in a case of idiopathic myelofibrosis: a morphological paradox. Author(s): Bohm J, Schmitt-Graff A. Source: Pathology, Research and Practice. 2000; 196(11): 775-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11186174

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Giant lymph node hyperplasia involving the thymus with associated nephrotic syndrome and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Karcher DS, Pearson CE, Butler WM, Hurwitz MA, Cassell PF. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1982 January; 77(1): 100-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7055089

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Selroos O, Vuopio P. Source: Scand J Haematol. 1973; 11(2): 106-11. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4773958

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Glutathione reductase and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction deficiencies in neutrophils of patients with primary idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Perianin A, Labro-Bryskier MT, Marquetty C, Hakim J. Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1984 July; 57(1): 244-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6744671

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Granulocytic and stromal progenitors in the bone marrow of patients with primary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hotta T, Utsumi M, Katoh T, Maeda H, Yamao H, Yamada H. Source: Scand J Haematol. 1985 March; 34(3): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3992191

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Granulocytic sarcoma of megakaryoblastic differentiation complicating chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Chan AC, Kwong YL, Lam CC. Source: Human Pathology. 1996 April; 27(4): 417-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8617486

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Granulocytic sarcoma of megakaryoblastic differentiation in the lymph nodes terminating as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a case of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis persisting for 16 years. Author(s): Hirose Y, Masaki Y, Shimoyama K, Sugai S, Nojima T. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 September; 67(3): 194-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11737254

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Granulocytic sarcoma preceding leukaemic transformation in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Jacobs P, Sellars S. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1985 December; 61(722): 1069-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3867868

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Granulomonocytic colony forming cells in myelofibrosis: concentrations within hepatic blood and peripheral blood. Author(s): Charbord P, Lebrec D. Source: Leukemia Research. 1985; 9(10): 1267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4068749

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Granulopoiesis-supporting effects of marrow stromal cells in continuous culture from patients with primary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hotta T, Murate T, Yamao H, Yamada H, Saito H. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1986 December; 64(4): 669-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3801318

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Group C monosomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Jackson JF, Higgins LC Jr. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1967 April; 119(4): 403-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6022525

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Haemorrhagic infarction of the spleen in a patient with myelofibrosis, transforming to AML. Author(s): Quinn JP, Bacon CL, O'Donnell JR, Murphy PT. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2004 February; 72(2): 154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14962255

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Hairy cell leukemia without splenomegaly nor myelofibrosis in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma: early phase of the disease or a variant? Author(s): Zoldan MC, Ponzoni M, Ricci D, Camba L, Faravelli A. Source: Pathologica. 1995 February; 87(1): 97-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7567177

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Hematopoietic progenitor cells in a patient with myeloid metaplasia without myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kubota K, Tamura J, Kurabayashi H, Murakami H, Naruse T, Tsuchiya J. Source: J Med. 1992; 23(2): 149-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1512522

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Hemoglobin F in primary myelofibrosis and in myelodysplasia. Author(s): Mendek-Czajkowska E, Slomkowski M, Zdebska E, Mokras U, Sikorska A, Maryniak R, Gorski T, Zych-Mordzinska J, Bielecka B. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 2003 October; 25(5): 289-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12974718

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High dose i.v. MP for idiopathic myelofibrosis: a further case. Author(s): Ozsoylu S. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1988 March; 40(3): 282. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3356246

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High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ozsoylu S. Source: Lancet. 1988 April 2; 1(8588): 766. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2895290

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High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ozsoylu S. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1988 March; 40(3): 280. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3356244

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Histo- and immunomorphometry of megakaryopoiesis in chronic myeloid leukemia with myelofibrosis and so-called primary (idiopathic) osteo-myelofibrosis/-sclerosis. Author(s): Thiele J, Steinberg T, Hoeppner B, Wienhold S, Wagner S, Dienemann D, Fischer R. Source: Analytical Cellular Pathology : the Journal of the European Society for Analytical Cellular Pathology. 1990 July; 2(4): 215-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2275869

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Histological study of intrahepatic cavernous transformation in a patient with primary myelofibrosis and portal venous thrombosis. Author(s): Terada T, Takegoshi T, Doishita K, Nakanuma Y. Source: Virchows Arch a Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1988; 412(4): 339-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3125672

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How should we manage myelofibrosis? Author(s): Pegrum GD, Foadi M, Boots M, Clarke M. Source: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 1981 January; 15(1): 17-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7463381

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Hydroxyprolinuria and hypercalcaemia during immobilization in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Baglin TP, Boughton BJ. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1988; 10(1): 25-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3365931

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Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis in a patient with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis after prolonged drug exposure. Author(s): Wong CC, Brown D, Howling SJ, Parker NE. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2003 November; 71(5): 388-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14667203

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Hypercalcemia and adrenal insufficiency in a patient with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hertzberg MS, Wong M. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2000 February; 63(2): 105. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10629582

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Hypercalcemia complicating leukemic transformation of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia-myelofibrosis. Author(s): Kumar S, Mow BM, Kaufmann SH. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1999 December; 74(12): 1233-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10593353

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Hypercalcemia in idiopathic myelofibrosis: modulation of calcium and collagen homeostasis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Author(s): Voss A, Schmidt K, Hasselbalch H, Junker P. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1992 March; 39(3): 231-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1546720

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Hyperhaemolysis syndrome in a patient with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Treleaven JG, Win N. Source: Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2004 April; 9(2): 147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15203871

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Hypertrichosis due to porphyria cutanea tarda associated with blastic transformation of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Au WY, Tam SC, Ho KM, Lam CW, Kwong YL. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1999 November; 141(5): 932. Erratum In: Br J Dermatol 2000 March; 142(3): 628. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10583184

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Hypocholesterolemia in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Spanos G, Narasimhan P, Rosner F. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1981 January 16; 245(3): 235. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7452843

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Hypocholesterolemia in myeloproliferative diseases with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ginsberg H, Gilbert HS. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984; 154: 345-57. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6382303

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis associated with classic polyarteritis nodosa. Author(s): Camos M, Arellano-Rodrigo E, Abello D, Muntanola A, Ferrer A, Grau JM, Cervantes F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 March; 44(3): 539-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12688329

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Author(s): Hernandez-Boluda JC, Jimenez M, Rosinol L, Cervantes F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 March; 43(3): 673-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12002780

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis associated with ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Arellano-Rodrigo E, Esteve J, Gine E, Panes J, Cervantes F. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 July; 43(7): 1481-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12389633

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis complicated by portal hypertension treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Author(s): Belohlavek J, Schwarz J, Jirasek A, Krajina A, Polak F, Hruby M. Source: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2001 March 15; 113(5-6): 208-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11293952

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis developing isolated granulocytic sarcoma with der (1;7)(q10; p10) after splenectomy and finally transforming to acute myelogenous leukemia. Author(s): Kasahara S, Tsurumi H, Hara T, Goto H, Moriwaki H. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 October; 39(3-4): 427-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11342325

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis with extramedullary haemopoiesis involving the urinary bladder in a Chinese lady. Author(s): Mak YK, Chan CH, So CC, Chan MK, Chu YC. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 2002 February; 24(1): 55-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11843900

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis with fatty bone marrow: an issue of sampling? A propos an unusual case. Author(s): Rudzki Z, Sacha T, Okon K, Skotnicki AB. Source: Haematologica. 2003 March; 88(3): Elt05. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12651287

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis with nodal, serosal and parenchymatous infiltration. Case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Tzankov A, Krugmann J, Steurer M, Dirnhofer S. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2002; 107(3): 173-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11978939

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis with prominent postsplenectomy erythroblastosis terminating in acute myeloid transformation. Author(s): Toth P, Toth Z. Source: Haematologia. 2002; 32(2): 155-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12412736

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Idiopathic myelofibrosis with refractory massive ascites. Author(s): Yotsumoto M, Ishida F, Ito T, Ueno M, Kitano K, Kiyosawa K. Source: Intern Med. 2003 June; 42(6): 525-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12857054

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Imatinib mesylate in idiopathic and postpolycythemic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hasselbalch HC, Bjerrum OW, Jensen BA, Clausen NT, Hansen PB, Birgens H, Therkildsen MH, Ralfkiaer E. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 December; 74(4): 238-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14635203

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Impaired NK cell differentiation of blood-derived CD34+ progenitors from patients with myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Briard D, Brouty-Boye D, Giron-Michel J, Azzarone B, Jasmin C, Le BousseKerdiles C. Source: Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.). 2003 March; 106(3): 201-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12706407

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Induction of remission after donor leucocyte infusion for the treatment of relapsed chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis following allogeneic transplantation: evidence for a 'graft vs. myelofibrosis' effect. Author(s): Byrne JL, Beshti H, Clark D, Ellis I, Haynes AP, Das-Gupta E, Russell NH. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2000 February; 108(2): 430-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10691877

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Ineffectiveness of interferon-gamma in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis: a pilot study. Author(s): Heis-Vahidi-Fard N, Forberg E, Eichinger S, Chott A, Lechner K, Gisslinger H. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2001 February; 80(2): 79-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11261329

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Interesting splenic histology in a patient with advanced myelofibrosis. Author(s): Chandler I, DeLord C. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 July; 118(1): 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12100123

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Intracranial chloroma in hypereosinophilic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Chan SW, Datta NN, Thomas TM, Chan KW. Source: Surgical Neurology. 2003 January; 59(1): 55-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12633964

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Intracranial meningeal extramedullary hematopoiesis inducing serious headache in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ayyildiz O, Isikdogan A, Celik M, Muftuoglu E. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2004 January; 26(1): 28-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14707708

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Intraspinal extramedullary haematopoiesis in a patient with myelofibrosis. Author(s): de Haas KP, van de Loosdrecht AA, Daenen SM. Source: The Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 2002 July; 60(6): 256-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12365470

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Involvement of the fibrogenic cytokines, TGF-beta and bFGF, in the pathogenesis of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Martyre MC; French INSERM research network on Idiopathic Myelofibrosis. Source: Pathologie-Biologie. 2001 March; 49(2): 153-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11317961

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Karyotypic abnormalities in myelofibrosis following polycythemia vera. Author(s): Andrieux J, Demory JL, Caulier MT, Agape P, Wetterwald M, Bauters F, Lai JL. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2003 January 15; 140(2): 118-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12645649

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Karyotypic and ras gene mutational analysis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Reilly JT, Wilson G, Barnett D, Watmore A, Potter A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1994 November; 88(3): 575-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7819070

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Karyotypic polymorphism in acute myelofibrosis. Author(s): Shah I, Mayeda K, Koppitch F, Mahmood S, Nemitz B. Source: Blood. 1982 October; 60(4): 841-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7115954

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Lack of alteration in GATA-1 expression in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Martyre MC, Steunou V, LeBousse-Kerdiles MC, Wietzerbin J. Source: Blood. 2003 June 15; 101(12): 5087-8; Author Reply 5088-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12788793

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Lack of interferon-alpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav proto-oncogene in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Micouin A, Steunou V, Wietzerbin J, Martyre MC. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2000 August; 110(2): 362-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10971393

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Laparoscopically assisted splenectomy following preoperative splenic artery embolization using contour emboli for myelofibrosis with massive splenomegaly. Author(s): Iwase K, Higaki J, Mikata S, Tanaka Y, Yoshikawa M, Hori S, Osuga K, Kosugi S, Tamaki T, Kamiike W. Source: Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques. 1999 June; 9(3): 197-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10804000

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Left ventricular thrombus with normal left ventricular wall motion in a patient with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Stoddard MF, Pearson AC, Kanter KR, Labovitz AJ. Source: American Heart Journal. 1989 April; 117(4): 966-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2929411

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Leukemia with megakaryocytic differentiation following essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis. Case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Patino-Sarcinelli F, Knecht H, Pechet L, Pihan G, Savas L, Snyder LM. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1996; 95(2): 122-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8638441

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Leukemic transformation of primary myelofibrosis: immunophenotype, genotype and growth characteristics of blast cells. Author(s): Kimura A, Kawaishi K, Nakata Y, Hyodo H, Kuramoto A, Satow Y. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1995 November; 19(5-6): 493-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8590852

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Leukemogenic risk of hydroxyurea therapy in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Nand S, Stock W, Godwin J, Fisher SG. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1996 May; 52(1): 42-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8638610

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Liver dysfunction following splenectomy in idiopathic myelofibrosis: a study of 10 patients. Author(s): Lopez-Guillermo A, Cervantes F, Bruguera M, Pereira A, Feliu E, Rozman C. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1991; 85(4): 184-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1677228

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Liver involvement at diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis: a clinicopathological study of twenty-two cases. Author(s): Pereira A, Bruguera M, Cervantes F, Rozman C. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1988 April; 40(4): 355-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3366226

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Localized tuberculosis and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: an extremely unusual presentation. Author(s): Muzaffar S, Hasan SH, Pervez S, Rab SM, Khurshid M. Source: J Pak Med Assoc. 1996 January; 46(1): 15-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8830161

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Locoregional intrasplenic chemotherapy for hypersplenism in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Camba L, Aldrighetti L, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Marktel S, Angeli E, Giacomelli M. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 September; 114(3): 638-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11552991

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Long-lasting effect of cyclosporin-A on anemia associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Pietrasanta D, Clavio M, Vallebella E, Beltrami G, Cavaliere M, Gobbi M. Source: Haematologica. 1997 July-August; 82(4): 458-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9299862

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Long-term survival of infants with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Altura RA, Head DR, Wang WC. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2000 May; 109(2): 459-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10848842

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Low-dose thalidomide ameliorates cytopenias and splenomegaly in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a phase II trial. Author(s): Marchetti M, Barosi G, Balestri F, Viarengo G, Gentili S, Barulli S, Demory JL, Ilariucci F, Volpe A, Bordessoule D, Grossi A, Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Caenazzo A, Pecci A, Falcone A, Broccia G, Bendotti C, Bauduer F, Buccisano F, Dupriez B. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004 February 1; 22(3): 424-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14752066

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Low-dose, single-fraction, whole-lung radiotherapy for pulmonary hypertension associated with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Steensma DP, Hook CC, Stafford SL, Tefferi A. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 September; 118(3): 813-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12181050

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Lower motor neuron disease associated with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Bir LS, Keskin A, Yaren A, Sermez Y, Oguzhanoglu A, Sahiner T. Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2000 June; 102(2): 109-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10817899

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Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and bone marrow in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Vellenga E, Poppema S, Kallenberg CG, Halie MR. Source: Blut. 1987 August; 55(2): 109-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3111565

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Lymphoid myelofibrosis associated with high grade B cell lymphoma of the liver: morphological, cytogenetic, and clinical features. Author(s): Meckenstock G, Wehmeier A, Schaefer HE, Hildebrandt B, Braunstein S, Reinecke P, Giagounidis A, Aul C, Schneider W. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1997 June; 26(1-2): 197-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9250807

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Lymphoproliferative diseases and idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Krsnik I, del Potro E, Alvarez A, Martinez R, Diaz-Mediavilla J. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1989 October; 32(2): 156. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2757014

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Lysozyme secreting tumor: a case of gastric cancer associated with myelofibrosis due to disseminated bone marrow metastasis. Author(s): Takahashi T, Akihama T, Yamaguchi A, Yoshida K, Miura AB, Uesaka Y, Tsuburaya T. Source: Jpn J Med. 1987 February; 26(1): 58-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3573409

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Medical progress in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Okamura T. Source: Intern Med. 2003 June; 42(6): 461-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12857040

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Megakaryopoiesis and myelofibrosis in chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: an immunohistochemical study of 127 patients. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Beelen DW, Flucke U, Spoer C, Paperno S, Leder LD, Schaefer UW. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2001 February; 14(2): 129-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11235904

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Melphalan treatment in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Petti MC, Latagliata R, Spadea T, Spadea A, Montefusco E, Aloe Spiriti MA, Avvisati G, Breccia M, Pescarmona E, Mandelli F. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 March; 116(3): 576-81. Erratum In: Br J Haematol 2002 June; 117(4): 1002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11849213

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Molecular remission and reversal of myelofibrosis in response to imatinib mesylate treatment in patients with the myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Author(s): Klion AD, Robyn J, Akin C, Noel P, Brown M, Law M, Metcalfe DD, Dunbar C, Nutman TB. Source: Blood. 2004 January 15; 103(2): 473-8. Epub 2003 September 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14504092

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Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Cox NH, West NC, Popple AW. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2001 December; 145(6): 1033-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11899135

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Mutational analysis of class III receptor tyrosine kinases (C-KIT, C-FMS, FLT3) in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Abu-Duhier FM, Goodeve AC, Care RS, Gari M, Wilson GA, Peake IR, Reilly JT. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2003 February; 120(3): 464-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12580961

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Myeloablation and autologous peripheral blood stem cell rescue results in hematologic and clinical responses in patients with myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Anderson JE, Tefferi A, Craig F, Holmberg L, Chauncey T, Appelbaum FR, Guardiola P, Callander N, Freytes C, Gazitt Y, Razvillas B, Deeg HJ. Source: Blood. 2001 August 1; 98(3): 586-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11468154

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Myelofibrosis after essential thrombocythemia complicated by alveolar proteinosis. Author(s): Tsutsumi Y, Tanaka J, Saito S, Tanaka Y, Kawamura T, Obara S, Noto S, Shimoyama N, Asaka M, Imamura M, Masauzi N. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 June; 44(6): 1049-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12854908

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Myelofibrosis in myeloid malignancies with 3q26 cytogenetic abnormalities. Author(s): Sancho JM, Ribera JM, Granada I, Navarro JT, Milla F, Feliu E. Source: Haematologica. 2000 May; 85(5): 554-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10800180

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Myelofibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Author(s): Kiss E, Gal I, Simkovics E, Kiss A, Banyai A, Szakall S, Szegedi G. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2000 November; 39(5-6): 661-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11342352

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Myelofibrosis presenting as spinal cord compression. Author(s): Horwood E, Dowson H, Gupta R, Kaczmarski R, Williamson M. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2003 February; 56(2): 154-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12560400

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia due to tuberculosis. Author(s): Dhamija RK, Chugh S, Yadav RB, Bhardwaj M. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 April; 46(4): 394. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11273327

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia following essential thrombocythaemia: actuarial probability, presenting characteristics and evolution in a series of 195 patients. Author(s): Cervantes F, Alvarez-Larran A, Talarn C, Gomez M, Montserrat E. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 September; 118(3): 786-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12181046

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia in adult individuals 30 years old or younger: presenting features, evolution and survival. Author(s): Cervantes F, Barosi G, Hernandez-Boluda JC, Marchetti M, Montserrat E. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 May; 66(5): 324-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11422412

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia with fatty bone marrow: report of a new case. Author(s): Gerli GC, Gianelli U, Carraro MC, Bestetti A, Marchetti M, Barosi G. Source: Haematologica. 2001 August; 86(8): 885-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11524257

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Barosi G. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2003 October; 17(5): 1211-26. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14560783

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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: therapeutic options in 2003. Author(s): Mesa RA. Source: Curr Hematol Rep. 2003 May; 2(3): 264-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12901349

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Myelofibrosis: pathogenesis of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. French INSERM Research Network on Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia. Author(s): Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC, Martyre MC. Source: Springer Seminars in Immunopathology. 1999; 21(4): 491-508. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10945038

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Myelofibrosis: response to busulfan after hydroxyurea failure. Author(s): Naqvi T, Baumann MA. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 2002 May; 56(4): 312-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12074218

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Myelofibrosis: thalidomide finds a new disease. Author(s): Silver RT. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 July; 79(7): 857-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15244380

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Negligible clinical effects of thalidomide in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Merup M, Kutti J, Birgergard G, Mauritzson N, Bjorkholm M, Markevarn B, Maim C, Westin J, Palmblad J; Swedish National Study Group on Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2002; 19(2): 79-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12180484

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Neutropenia associated with myelofibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Author(s): Borba EF, Pereira RM, Velloso ED, Pereira IA, Goncalves CR, Yoshinari NH. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1993; 89(2): 82-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8503249

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Neutrophil 5-nucleotidase reaction in chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia vera. Author(s): Tsavaris NB, Pangalis GA. Source: Annals of Hematology. 1998 January; 76(1): 1-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9486917

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Neutrophilic myelofibrosis presenting as Philadelphia chromosome negative BCR non-rearranged chronic myeloid leukemia. Author(s): Stewart K, Carstairs KC, Dube ID, Keating A. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1990 May; 34(1): 59-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2327406

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New reciprocal translocation t(6;10) (q27;q11) associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis and eosinophilia. Author(s): Cox MC, Panetta P, Venditti A, Abruzzese E, Del Poeta G, Cantonetti M, Amadori S. Source: Leukemia Research. 2001 April; 25(4): 349-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11248333

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NF-kappa B as a central mediator in the induction of TGF-beta in monocytes from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis: an inflammatory response beyond the realm of homeostasis. Author(s): Rameshwar P, Narayanan R, Qian J, Denny TN, Colon C, Gascon P. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2000 August 15; 165(4): 2271-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10925316

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Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in a case of myelofibrosis with extramedullary hematopoiesis and secondary portal venous hypertension. Author(s): Shorey J, Weinberg MN, Frenkel EP, Fallis BD. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1979 July; 72(1): 122-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=453099

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Observations on the clinical and pathologic features of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Bove LG, Fanning JP. Source: J Maine Med Assoc. 1975 April; 66(4): 104-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1127345

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Occurrence of spontaneous malignant lymphoma in the course of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Bogliolo GV, Lerza RA, Ruggieri C, Pannacciulli IM. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1988 March; 27(3): 230-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3274039

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On the pathogenesis of angiogenesis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hasselbalch H. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1990 February; 33(2): 151. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1689101

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Oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) for pruritus associated with polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Morison WL, Nesbitt JA 3rd. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1993 April; 42(4): 409-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8494001

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Osteolytic bone lesions in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis and bronchial carcinoma. Author(s): Clutterbuck DJ, Morrison AE, Ludlam CA. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1995 September; 48(9): 867-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7490324

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Osteolytic lesions in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Gruber A, Osby E. Source: Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1987; 4(2): 107-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3669778

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Overexpression of FKBP51 in idiopathic myelofibrosis regulates the growth factor independence of megakaryocyte progenitors. Author(s): Giraudier S, Chagraoui H, Komura E, Barnache S, Blanchet B, LeCouedic JP, Smith DF, Larbret F, Taksin AL, Moreau-Gachelin F, Casadevall N, Tulliez M, Hulin A, Debili N, Vainchenker W. Source: Blood. 2002 October 15; 100(8): 2932-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12351405

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Oxymetholone in myelofibrosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Presant CA, Safdar SH. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1973 August; 132(2): 175-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4719544

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Oxymetholone treatment in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hast R, Engstedt L, Jameson S, Killander A, Lundh B, Reizenstein P, Skarberg KO, Uden AM, Wadman B. Source: Blut. 1978 July 14; 37(1): 19-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=667366

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Paget's disease associated with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia--a common pathophysiology ? Author(s): Joao C, Matias T. Source: Haematologica. 2001 August; 86(8): E22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11524272

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Palliative splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2001 September-October; 42(5): 901-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11697645

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Panniculitis heralding blastic transformation of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Yeung CK, Au WY, Trendal-Smith N, Chan HH. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2001 April; 144(4): 905-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11298562

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Pathologic interaction between megakaryocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Schmitt A, Jouault H, Guichard J, Wendling F, Drouin A, Cramer EM. Source: Blood. 2000 August 15; 96(4): 1342-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10942376

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Pathology of autoimmune myelofibrosis. A report of three cases and a review of the literature. Author(s): Bass RD, Pullarkat V, Feinstein DI, Kaul A, Winberg CD, Brynes RK. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2001 August; 116(2): 211-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11488067

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Patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis show increased CD34+ cell concentrations in peripheral blood compared to patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia. Author(s): Andreasson B, Swolin B, Kutti J. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2002 April; 68(4): 189-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12071933

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Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting with rapidly progressing myelofibrosis. Author(s): Uehara E, Tasaka T, Matsuhashi Y, Fujita M, Tamura T, Shimoura Y, Mano S, Kuwajima M, Nagai M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 February; 44(2): 361-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12688359

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Perirenal extramedullary haematopoeisis in myelofibrosis demonstrated on computed tomography. Author(s): Ablett MJ, Vosylius P. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2004 February; 124(4): 406. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14984490

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Persistent human herpesvirus 8 viremia associated with coinfection with human Tcell lymphotropic virus type I and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Engels EA, Eastman H, Ablashi DV, Wilks RJ, Braham J, Manns A. Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2000 March 1; 23(3): 283-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10839667

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Phase 2 trial of imatinib mesylate in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Gray LA, Steensma DP, Camoriano JK, Elliott MA, Pardanani A, Ansell SM, Call TG, Colon-Otero G, Schroeder G, Hanson CA, Dewald GW, Kaufmann SH. Source: Blood. 2002 May 15; 99(10): 3854-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11986248

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Plasma matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia or idiopathic primary myelofibrosis. Author(s): Wang JC, Novetsky A, Chen C, Novetsky AD. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2002 December; 119(3): 709-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12437648

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Polycythemia vera in young patients: a study on the long-term risk of thrombosis, myelofibrosis and leukemia. Author(s): Passamonti F, Malabarba L, Orlandi E, Barate C, Canevari A, Brusamolino E, Bonfichi M, Arcaini L, Caberlon S, Pascutto C, Lazzarino M. Source: Haematologica. 2003 January; 88(1): 13-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12551821

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Polymorphonuclear neutrophil and megakaryocyte mutual involvement in myelofibrosis pathogenesis. Author(s): Schmitt A, Drouin A, Masse JM, Guichard J, Shagraoui H, Cramer EM. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 April; 43(4): 719-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12153156

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Prefibrotic chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis--a diagnostic enigma? Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM. Source: Acta Haematologica. 2004; 111(3): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15034237

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Primary autoimmune myelofibrosis: definition of a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Author(s): Pullarkat V, Bass RD, Gong JZ, Feinstein DI, Brynes RK. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2003 January; 72(1): 8-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12508261

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Primary chronic myelofibrosis: clinical and prognostic evaluation in 336 Japanese patients. Author(s): Okamura T, Kinukawa N, Niho Y, Mizoguchi H. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2001 February; 73(2): 194-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11372731

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Prognostic factors and current practice in treatment of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: an update anno 2000. Author(s): Cervantes F. Source: Pathologie-Biologie. 2001 March; 49(2): 148-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11317960

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Prognostic impact of bone marrow erythropoietic precursor cells and myelofibrosis at diagnosis of Ph1+ chronic myelogenous leukaemia--a multicentre study on 495 patients. Author(s): Kvasnicka HM, Thiele J, Schmitt-Graeff A, Diehl V, Zankovich R, Niederle N, Leder LD, Schaefer HE. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2001 March; 112(3): 727-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11260078

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Pros and cons of splenectomy in patients with myelofibrosis undergoing stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Li Z, Deeg HJ. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2001 March; 15(3): 465-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11237072

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Pulmonary hypertension complicating bone marrow transplantation for idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Shankar S, Choi JK, Dermody TS, Head DR, Bunin N, Iannone R. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2004 June; 26(6): 393-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15167356

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Quality of life in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a cross-sectional study. Author(s): Oliva EN, D'Angelo A, Nobile F, Dimitrov BD, Perna A. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 August; 27(8): 763-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12801538

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Quantitation of bone marrow fibroblasts and collagen in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Bentley SA. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984; 154: 277-89. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6382297

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Quantitative and functional studies of impaired natural killer (NK) cells in patients with myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, and polycythemia vera. I. A potential role for platelet-derived growth factor in defective NK cytotoxicity. Author(s): Gersuk GM, Carmel R, Pattamakom S, Challita PM, Rabinowitz AP, Pattengale PK. Source: Natural Immunity. 1993 May-June; 12(3): 136-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8329837

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Quantitative studies of splenic erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Pettit JE, Lewis SM, Williams ED, Grafton CA, Bowring CS, Glass HI. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1976 November; 34(3): 465-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=990184

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Radiation therapy for symptomatic hepatomegaly in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Jimenez T, Gray LA, Mesa RA, Chen MG. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 January; 66(1): 37-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11168506

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Rare presentations of idiopathic myelofibrosis: spontaneous rupture of spleen; pyoderma gangrenosum; and urologic obstruction. Author(s): Sawlani KK, Gaiha M, Jain S, Shome DK, Aggarwal SB, Rani S, Goel S, Prabhash K. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 February; 46(2): 230-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11273121

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Re: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for intractable esophageal-gastric variceal hemorrhage in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Tanaka N, Yamakado K, Kihira H, Hashimoto A, Murayama T, Takeda K. Source: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. 2000 November-December; 23(6): 491-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232905

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Recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Rodriguez JN, Martino ML, Muniz R, Prados D. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1995 February; 48(2): 135-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7847335

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Renal myelofibrosis: an unusual cause of renal impairment. Author(s): Woodward N, Ancliffe P, Griffiths MH, Cohen S. Source: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2000 February; 15(2): 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10648678

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Resident bone marrow macrophages in idiopathic (primary) myelofibrosis (IMF): a histochemical and morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsies. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Boeltken B. Source: Leukemia Research. 1999 November; 23(11): 983-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10576501

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Residents' corner. Answer to case of the month #55. Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis secondary to idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Joy G, Logan PM. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1998 June; 49(3): 200-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9640289

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Retinal manifestations of idiopathic myelofibrosis, a hematologic disorder. Author(s): Haskes C, Gagnon K. Source: J Am Optom Assoc. 1998 May; 69(5): 319-28. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9610040

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Reversal of bone marrow fibrosis in idiopathic myelofibrosis after treatment with alpha-interferon. Author(s): Domingues MA, Haepers AT, Massaut IH, Vassallo J, Lorand-Metze I. Source: Haematologica. 1998 December; 83(12): 1124-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9949632

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Reversible myelofibrosis induced by tuberculosis. Author(s): Viallard JF, Parrens M, Boiron JM, Texier J, Mercie P, Pellegrin JL. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2002 June 15; 34(12): 1641-3. Epub 2002 May 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12032901

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Rickets and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ozsoylu S. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 2000 July; 159(7): 544. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10923234

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Risk of leukaemia, carcinoma, and myelofibrosis in 32P- or chemotherapy-treated patients with polycythaemia vera: a prospective analysis of 682 cases. The "French Cooperative Group for the Study of Polycythaemias". Author(s): Najean Y, Rain JD, Dresch C, Goguel A, Lejeune F, Echard M, Grange MJ. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1996 September; 22 Suppl 1: 111-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8951781

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Risks and benefits of splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a retrospective analysis of 26 cases. Author(s): Akpek G, McAneny D, Weintraub L. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2001 May; 77(1): 42-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11344482

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Sequential combination of thalidomide and erythropoietin determines transfusion independence and disease control in idiopathic myelofibrosis previously insensitive to both drugs used as single agents. Author(s): Visani G, Mele A, Malagola M, Isidori A, Finelli C, Piccaluga PP. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2003 August; 17(8): 1669-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12886259

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Spleen neoangiogenesis in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Barosi G, Rosti V, Massa M, Viarengo GL, Pecci A, Necchi V, Ramaioli I, Campanelli R, Marchetti M, Bazzan M, Magrini U. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 2004 March; 124(5): 618-25. Erratum In: Br J Haematol. 2004 July; 126(2): 284-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14871248

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Splenic marginal zone lymphoma presenting as myelofibrosis associated with bone marrow involvement of lymphoma cells which secrete a large amount of TGF-beta. Author(s): Matsunaga T, Takemoto N, Miyajima N, Okuda T, Nagashima H, Sato T, Terui T, Sasaki H, Ohmi N, Hirayama Y, Tamura Y, Niitsu Y. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2004 May; 83(5): 322-5. Epub 2003 November 11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15060752

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Spontaneous STAT5 activation induces growth factor independence in idiopathic myelofibrosis: possible relationship with FKBP51 overexpression. Author(s): Komura E, Chagraoui H, Mansat de Mas V, Blanchet B, de Sepulveda P, Larbret F, Larghero J, Tulliez M, Debili N, Vainchenker W, Giraudier S. Source: Experimental Hematology. 2003 July; 31(7): 622-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12842707

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Stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis: a report from two Canadian centers. Author(s): Daly A, Song K, Nevill T, Nantel S, Toze C, Hogge D, Forrest D, Lavoie J, Sutherland H, Shepherd J, Hasegawa W, Lipton J, Messner H, Kiss T. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2003 July; 32(1): 35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12815476

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SU6668 in idiopathic myelofibrosis--a rational therapeutic approach targeting several tyrosine kinases of importance for the myeloproliferation and the development of bone marrow fibrosis and angiogenesis. Author(s): Hasselbalch HC. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 2003 August; 61(2): 244-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12888313

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Successful treatment by selective arterial embolization of severe retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to bone marrow biopsy in post-polycythemic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Arellano-Rodrigo E, Real MI, Muntanola A, Burrel M, Rozman M, Fraire GV, Cervantes F. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2004 January; 83(1): 67-70. Epub 2003 October 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14574461

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Successful treatment of anemia in idiopathic myelofibrosis with recombinant human erythropoietin. Author(s): Hasselbalch HC, Clausen NT, Jensen BA. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2002 June; 70(2): 92-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12111781

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Successful treatment with imatinib mesylate of hypereosinophilic syndrome (chronic eosinophilic leukemia) with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Ishii Y, Ito Y, Kuriyama Y, Tauchi T, Ohyashiki K. Source: Leukemia Research. 2004 May; 28 Suppl 1: S79-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15036947

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Successful treatment with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside for myelodysplastic syndrome with acute myelofibrosis. Author(s): Takabayashi M, Sakai R, Kanamori H, Ishigatsubo Y. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 May; 44(5): 891-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12802934

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T cell lymphoma associated with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Rao SA, Gottesman SR, Nguyen MC, Braverman AS. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 April; 44(4): 715-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12769351

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Thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Strupp C, Germing U, Scherer A, Kundgen A, Modder U, Gattermann N, Haas R. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2004 January; 72(1): 52-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14962263

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Thalidomide in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a pooled-analysis of individual patient data from five studies. Author(s): Giovanni B, Michelle E, Letizia C, Filippo B, Paolo PP, Giuseppe V, Monia M, Gabriele P, Francesca Z, Ayalew T. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 December; 43(12): 2301-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12613516

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Thalidomide: no benefit in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Bonn D. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2003 February; 4(2): 70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12573345

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The spleen in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Tefferi A, Nagorney DM. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 April; 79(4): 503. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15065615

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The therapy of myelofibrosis: targeting pathogenesis. Author(s): Mesa RA. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2002 August; 76 Suppl 2: 296-304. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12430941

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Therapy-related changes of the bone marrow in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Schmitt-Graff A, Hulsemann R, Diehl V. Source: Histology and Histopathology. 2004 January; 19(1): 239-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14702192

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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with bone marrow metastasis and secondary myelofibrosis in cancer. Author(s): Chang JC, Naqvi T. Source: The Oncologist. 2003; 8(4): 375-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12897334

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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of portal hypertension due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Author(s): Angermayr B, Cejna M, Schoder M, Wrba F, Valent P, Gangl A, PeckRadosavljevic M. Source: Blood. 2002 June 1; 99(11): 4246-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12043694

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Treatment approaches in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: the old and the new. Author(s): Tefferi A. Source: Semin Hematol. 2003 January; 40(1 Suppl 1): 18-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12682877

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Ultrasonic characterization of splenic tissue in myelofibrosis: further evidence for reversal of fibrosis with chemotherapy. Author(s): Manoharan A, Chen CF, Wilson LS, Griffiths KA, Robinson DE. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1988 February; 40(2): 149-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3278929

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Ultrastructure of bone marrow tissue in so-called primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosisosteomyelosclerosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia). I. Abnormalities of megakaryopoiesis and thrombocytes. Author(s): Thiele J, Kuemmel T, Sander C, Fischer R. Source: J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 1991 January; 23(1): 93-107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2036630

•

Ultrastructure of bone marrow tissue in so-called primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosisosteomyelosclerosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia). II. The myeloid stroma (hematopoietic microenvironment). Author(s): Thiele J, Schmidt J, Sander C, Fischer R. Source: J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 1991 January; 23(1): 109-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2036622

•

Unusual radiologic and neurologic findings in a case of myelofibrosis with extramedullary hematopoiesis. Author(s): Rutman JY, Meidinger R, Keith JI. Source: Neurology. 1972 June; 22(6): 567-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4673333

•

Unusual response to leukapheresis in a case of myelofibrosis with elevated peripheral cell count. Author(s): Quaglino D, De Pasquale A, Montagnani G. Source: Haematologica. 1981 June; 66(3): 327-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6793461

•

Unusual sonographic appearance of the spleen in a case of myelofibrosis. Author(s): Hunter TB, Haber K. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1977 January; 128(1): 138-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=401570

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•

Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Wang JC, Aung MK, Tobin MS. Source: Blood. 1980 March; 55(3): 383-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7357076

•

Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in the myelofibrosis-osteomyelosclerosis syndrome and related diseases. Author(s): Hasselbalch H. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 1987 November; 39(5): 447-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3691762

•

Use of indium chloride scintigraphy in patients with myelofibrosis. Author(s): McNeil BJ, Holman BL, Button LN, Rosenthal DS. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1974 August; 15(8): 647-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4407852

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Use of Mesterolone, a non-alkylated anabolic steroid, in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Sadullah S, Kruger A, Clarke N, Bell A. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1992; 14(4): 335-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1478014

•

Vascular architecture and collagen type IV in primary myelofibrosis and polycythaemia vera: an immunomorphometric study on trephine biopsies of the bone marrow. Author(s): Thiele J, Rompcik V, Wagner S, Fischer R. Source: British Journal of Haematology. 1992 February; 80(2): 227-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1550781

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Vascular proliferation as an unusual cause of hemorrhagic diathesis in myelofibrosis. Author(s): Albeda FW, van der Meer J, Vellenga E. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1991 April; 95(4): 564-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1707589

•

Vasculitic skin ulcers associated with myelofibrosis--a case report. Author(s): Schwartz J, Madjar J, Habot B. Source: Angiology. 1991 July; 42(7): 581-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1863017

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•

Vitamin D dependent rickets type II with myelofibrosis and immune dysfunction. Author(s): Walka MM, Daumling S, Hadorn HB, Kruse K, Belohradsky BH. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1991 July; 150(9): 665-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1655462

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Vitamin D-deficiency rickets and myelofibrosis. Author(s): Yetgin S, Ozsoylu S, Ruacan S, Tekinalp G, Sarialioglu F. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1989 February; 114(2): 213-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2536807

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Werner's syndrome associated with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Cottoni F, Scapaticci S, Faedda R, Capra E, Murgia A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1994 June; 30(6): 1034-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8188873

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Werner's syndrome with myelofibrosis following diphenylhydantoin therapy after meningiomectomy. An autopsy case. Author(s): Noda M, Matsui K, Kitagawa M, Ohta M. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1990 January; 38(1): 59-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2295770

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Wilms tumor gene peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with overt leukemia from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or MDS with myelofibrosis. Author(s): Oka Y, Tsuboi A, Murakami M, Hirai M, Tominaga N, Nakajima H, Elisseeva OA, Masuda T, Nakano A, Kawakami M, Oji Y, Ikegame K, Hosen N, Udaka K, Yasukawa M, Ogawa H, Kawase I, Sugiyama H. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2003 July; 78(1): 56-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12894852

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND MYELOFIBROSIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and myelofibrosis.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Myelofibrosis The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “myelofibrosis” (or a synonym): •

A novel mechanism of fluconazole resistance associated with fluconazole sequestration in Candida albicans isolates from a myelofibrosis patient. Author(s): Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected] Source: Maebashi, K Kudoh, M Nishiyama, Y Makimura, K Uchida, K Mori, T Yamaguchi, H Microbiol-Immunol. 2002; 46(5): 317-26 0385-5600

•

Acute myelofibrosis mimicking multiple bone metastases on Tc-99m MDP bone imaging. Author(s): University Hospital Nijmegen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands. Source: Oyen, W J Raemaekers, J M Corstens, F H Clin-Nucl-Med. 1998 January; 23(1): 12 0363-9762

•

Multiple myeloma with coexistent myelofibrosis: improvement of myelofibrosis following recovery from multiple myeloma after treatment with melphalan and prednisolone. Author(s): Department of Medicine II, Tokyo Women's Medical College Daini Hospital, Japan. Source: Kawauchi, K Mori, H Sugiyama, H Oshimi, K Hirayama, A Jpn-J-Med. 1991 SepOctober; 30(5): 483-6 0021-5120

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Pachydermoperiostosis with myelofibrosis and anemia: report of a case of anemia of multifactorial causes and its improvement with steroid pulse and iron therapy. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan. Source: Tanaka, H Maehama, S Imanaka, F Sakai, A Abe, K Hamada, M Yamashita, J Kimura, A Imamura, N Fujimura, K et al. Jpn-J-Med. 1991 Jan-February; 30(1): 73-80 0021-5120

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Scintigraphic evaluation of secondary myelofibrosis associated with prostatic cancer before and after hormone therapy. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan. Source: Ishimura, J Fukuchi, M Clin-Nucl-Med. 1990 May; 15(5): 330-3 0363-9762

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Sweet's syndrome in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis and thymomamyasthenia gravis-immunodeficiency complex: efficacy of treatment with etretinate. Author(s): Istituto di Dermatologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy. Source: Altomare, G Capella, G L Frigerio, E Haematologica. 1996 Jan-February; 81(1): 54-8 0390-6078

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Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by spleen cells isolated from two patients with myelofibrosis and a normal subject. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Manchester University, England. Source: Hayes, M E Davies, M Bayley, D Lin Yin, J A Mawer, E B J-Steroid-Biochem. 1990 February; 35(2): 191-4 0022-4731

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Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND MYELOFIBROSIS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to myelofibrosis. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to myelofibrosis and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to myelofibrosis: •

A histomorphometric study of haematological disorders with respect to marrow fibrosis and osteosclerosis. Author(s): Poulsen LW, Melsen F, Bendix K. Source: Apmis : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica. 1998 April; 106(4): 495-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9637273

•

A novel mechanism of fluconazole resistance associated with fluconazole sequestration in Candida albicans isolates from a myelofibrosis patient. Author(s): Maebashi K, Kudoh M, Nishiyama Y, Makimura K, Uchida K, Mori T, Yamaguchi H. Source: Microbiology and Immunology. 2002; 46(5): 317-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12139391

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Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: a case report. Author(s): Donhuijsen-Ant R, Schadeck-Gressel C, Schmidt U, Loffler H, Westerhausen M, Leder LD. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 362-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2182429

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Acute myelofibrosis (myelosclerosis) presenting as a case of severe thrombocytopenic purpura. Author(s): Kueh YK, Oon CJ. Source: Singapore Med J. 1982 February; 23(1): 46-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7202253

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Acute myelofibrosis in a patient with diffuse large cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma and renal cancer. Author(s): Mohren M, Essbach U, Franke A, Klink A, Maas C, Markmann I, Pelz AF, Jentsch-Ullrich K. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2003 September; 44(9): 1603-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14565665

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Acute myelofibrosis terminating in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Dunphy CH, Kitchen S, Saravia O, Velasquez WS. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1996 January; 51(1): 85-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8571944

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Acute myelogenous leukemia in Down's syndrome: report of a single pediatric institution using a BFM treatment strategy. Author(s): Zubizarreta P, Felice MS, Alfaro E, Fraquelli L, Casak S, Quinteros R, Cygler A, Gallego M, Perez LE, Sackmann-Muriel F. Source: Leukemia Research. 1998 May; 22(5): 465-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9652734

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Blood and neoplastic diseases. Thrombocytopenia. Author(s): Barkhan P. Source: British Medical Journal. 1974 May 11; 2(914): 324-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4857083

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Bone marrow fibre content in acute myeloid leukaemia before and after treatment. Author(s): Islam A, Catovsky D, Goldman JM, Galton DA. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1984 November; 37(11): 1259-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6594351

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•

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with bone marrow fibrosis: possible role of interleukin 1 alpha in the pathogenesis. Author(s): Kimura A, Hyodo H, Nakata Y, Kuramoto A. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1993 May; 43(1): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8317461

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Combination of mitoxantrone and etoposide in refractory acute myelogenous leukemia--an active and well-tolerated regimen. Author(s): Ho AD, Lipp T, Ehninger G, Illiger HJ, Meyer P, Freund M, Hunstein W. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1988 February; 6(2): 213-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3422260

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Cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma presenting as secondary myelofibrosis with high levels of PDGF and TGF-beta. Author(s): Abe Y, Ohshima K, Shiratsuchi M, Honda K, Nishimura J, Nawata H, Muta K. Source: European Journal of Haematology. 2001 March; 66(3): 210-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11350491

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Fatal myelofibrosis following fludarabine administration in a patient with indolent lymphoma. Author(s): Palomera L, Azaceta G, Varo MJ, Soria J, Gutierrez M. Source: Haematologica. 1998 November; 83(11): 1045-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9864929

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Hodgkin's disease presenting as myelofibrosis. Author(s): Meadows LM, Rosse WR, Moore JO, Crawford J, Laszlo J, Kaufman RE. Source: Cancer. 1989 October 15; 64(8): 1720-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2790685

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In vitro antiproliferative activity of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in hematopoietic progenitors from patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Mesa RA, Tefferi A, Gray LA, Reeder T, Schroeder G, Kaufmann SH. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2003 May; 17(5): 849-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12750696

•

Maintenance chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease in remission. Author(s): Young RC, Canellos GP, Chabner BA, Schein PS, DeVita VT. Source: Lancet. 1973 June 16; 1(7816): 1339-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4122739

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Malignant myelosclerosis (acute myelofibrosis): report of two cases following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Author(s): Ali NO, Janes WO. Source: Cancer. 1979 April; 43(4): 1211-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=445324

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Mitoxantrone as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy in patients with refractory acute leukemia. Author(s): Paciucci PA, Cuttner J, Holland JF. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1984 September; 11(3 Suppl 1): 36-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6385264

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Myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders. Author(s): Anderson JE, Appelbaum FR. Source: Current Opinion in Hematology. 1997 July; 4(4): 261-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9260054

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Myelosclerosis and myelofibrosis in treated histiocytosis-X. Author(s): Pinckney L, Parker BR. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1977 September; 129(3): 521-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=409214

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Oral therapy with proteolytic enzymes decreases excessive TGF-beta levels in human blood. Author(s): Desser L, Holomanova D, Zavadova E, Pavelka K, Mohr T, Herbacek I. Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 2001 July; 47 Suppl: S10-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11561866

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Pancytopenia with myelofibrosis. An unusual presentation of childhood Hodgkin's disease. Author(s): Carroll WL, Berberich FR, Glader BE. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1986 February; 25(2): 106-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3753669

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Plasma cell dyscrasia with marrow fibrosis. A reversible syndrome mimicking agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Author(s): Meerkin D, Ashkenazi Y, Gottschalk-Sabag S, Hershko C. Source: Cancer. 1994 February 1; 73(3): 625-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8299083

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Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes-response patterns. Author(s): Lewinski UH, Floru S, Cohen AM, Mittelmann M.

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Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1994 September; 15(1-2): 149-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7858493 •

Reversal of myelofibrosis in Hodgkin disease. Author(s): Viola MV, Kovi J, Nukhopadhyay M. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1973 March 5; 223(10): 1145-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4739373

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Reversal of red cell aplasia and marrow fibrosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Kueh YK, Tan YO, Sng I, Rauff A. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1983 July; 12(3): 472-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6689579

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Therapy-related changes of CD20+ and CD45RO+ lymphocyte subsets in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): an immunohistochemical and morphometric study on sequential trephine biopsies of the bone marrow. Author(s): Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Schmitt-Graeff A, Cvetanovska G, Blum N, Schaefer HE. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2000 August; 13(8): 888-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10955456

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to myelofibrosis; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Bone Marrow Disorders Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Myelofibrosis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Myeloproliferative Disorders Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Polycythemia Vera Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Thrombocytosis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON MYELOFIBROSIS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to myelofibrosis. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on myelofibrosis include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “myelofibrosis” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “myelofibrosis” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “myelofibrosis” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

Berk Myelofibrosis & the Biology of Connective Tissue by PD BERK; ISBN: 0471833320; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471833320/icongroupinterna

•

Dahlem Workshop on Myelofibrosis Osteosclerosis Syndrome by S. Bernhard; ISBN: 0080197280; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080197280/icongroupinterna

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CHAPTER 5. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON MYELOFIBROSIS Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover myelofibrosis.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on myelofibrosis is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to myelofibrosis. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for myelofibrosis: •

Abiogen to begin phase I trial of myelofibrosis drug Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: December 05, 2002

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to myelofibrosis, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Myelofibrosis Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to myelofibrosis. In addition to

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67

these sources, you can search for articles covering myelofibrosis that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

71

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute5: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

5

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.6 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

6

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 7 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway8 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.9 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 3644 33 89 5 13 3784

HSTAT10 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.11 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.12 Simply search by “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

8

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

9

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 10 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 11 12

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

13 Adapted 14

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on myelofibrosis can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to myelofibrosis. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to myelofibrosis. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “myelofibrosis”:

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Anemia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/anemia.html Blood and Blood Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bloodandblooddisorders.html Bone Marrow Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html Bone Marrow Transplantation http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowtransplantation.html Stem Cells and Stem Cell Transplantation http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stemcellsandstemcelltransplantation.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to myelofibrosis. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

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Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to myelofibrosis. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with myelofibrosis. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about myelofibrosis. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “myelofibrosis” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “myelofibrosis”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “myelofibrosis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “myelofibrosis” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

85

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

87

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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MYELOFIBROSIS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Aberrant: Wandering or deviating from the usual or normal course. [EU] Abscess: A localized, circumscribed collection of pus. [NIH] Acidosis: A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of the alkaline reserve (bicarbonate content) in the blood and body tissues, and characterized by an increase in hydrogen ion concentration. [EU] Acute leukemia: A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). [NIH]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute lymphocytic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myelogenous leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myeloid leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia. [NIH] Acute renal: A condition in which the kidneys suddenly stop working. In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function. [NIH] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Adrenal insufficiency: The reduced secretion of adrenal glands. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the

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stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Affinity Chromatography: In affinity chromatography, a ligand attached to a column binds specifically to the molecule to be purified. [NIH] Albumin: 1. Any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. 2. Serum albumin; the major plasma protein (approximately 60 per cent of the total), which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein carrying large organic anions, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and many drugs, and also carrying certain hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, when their specific binding globulins are saturated. Albumin is synthesized in the liver. Low serum levels occur in protein malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease. [EU] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Alkylating Agents: Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. [NIH]

Allium: A genus of liliaceous herbs containing onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), and others; many produce pungent, often bacteriostatic and physiologically active compounds and are used as food, condiment, and medicament, the latter in traditional medicine. [NIH] Allogeneic: Taken from different individuals of the same species. [NIH] Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which a person receives stem cells, the cells from which all blood cells develop, from a compatible, though not genetically identical, donor. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Anabolic: Relating to, characterized by, or promoting anabolism. [EU] Anaemia: A reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes per cu. mm., in the quantity of haemoglobin, or in the volume of packed red cells per 100 ml. of blood which

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occurs when the equilibrium between blood loss (through bleeding or destruction) and blood production is disturbed. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Angiogenesis: Blood vessel formation. Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. This is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumor. [NIH] Antiangiogenic: Having to do with reducing the growth of new blood vessels. [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antifungal: Destructive to fungi, or suppressing their reproduction or growth; effective against fungal infections. [EU] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antiproliferative: Counteracting a process of proliferation. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Aplasia: Lack of development of an organ or tissue, or of the cellular products from an organ or tissue. [EU] Apoptosis: One of the two mechanisms by which cell pathological process of necrosis). Apoptosis is the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the

death occurs (the other being the mechanism responsible for the intrinsically programmed. It is nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin

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cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA (DNA fragmentation) at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arterial embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material. This can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Ascites: Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. [NIH] Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. [NIH] Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Autologous bone marrow transplantation: A procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person after intensive treatment. [NIH] Autopsy: Postmortem examination of the body. [NIH] Avidin: A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with biotin to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacteriostatic: 1. Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria. 2. An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria. [EU] Barbiturate: A drug with sedative and hypnotic effects. Barbiturates have been used as sedatives and anesthetics, and they have been used to treat the convulsions associated with epilepsy. [NIH] Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH] Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and

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clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blast Crisis: Rapid increase in the proportion of blast cells in the blood and bone marrow. [NIH]

Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of blood coagulation factors that results in an insoluble fibrin clot. [NIH] Blood Platelets: Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Blood Volume: Volume of circulating blood. It is the sum of the plasma volume and erythrocyte volume. [NIH] Blot: To transfer DNA, RNA, or proteins to an immobilizing matrix such as nitrocellulose. [NIH]

Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blotting and transferred to strips of nitrocellulose paper. The blots are then detected by radiolabeled antibody probes. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone marrow biopsy: The removal of a sample of tissue from the bone marrow with a needle for examination under a microscope. [NIH] Bone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells, stromal cells, megakaryocytes, and the immediate precursors of most blood cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Bone metastases: Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. [NIH]

Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the trachea. [NIH] Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU]

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Busulfan: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. [NIH]

Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Candidiasis: Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist cutaneous areas of the body, and is generally caused by C. albicans; it most commonly involves the skin (dermatocandidiasis), oral mucous membranes (thrush, def. 1), respiratory tract (bronchocandidiasis), and vagina (vaginitis). Rarely there is a systemic infection or endocarditis. Called also moniliasis, candidosis, oidiomycosis, and formerly blastodendriosis. [EU] Carcinogen: Any substance that causes cancer. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Caspase: Enzyme released by the cell at a crucial stage in apoptosis in order to shred all cellular proteins. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Count: A count of the number of cells of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume of sample. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Death: The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability. [NIH] Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function which takes place during the development of the embryo and leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cell Transplantation: Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Central Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA virus infections; RNA virus infections; bacterial infections; mycoplasma infections; Spirochaetales infections; fungal infections; protozoan infections; helminthiasis; and prion diseases may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. [NIH]

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Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cholangitis: Inflammation of a bile duct. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chondrocytes: Polymorphic cells that form cartilage. [NIH] Chromatin: The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Disease: Disease or ailment of long duration. [NIH] Chronic granulocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myelogenous leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia. [NIH] Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells (called lymphocytes) are found in the body. [NIH] Chronic myelogenous leukemia: CML. A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. [NIH] Cirrhosis: A type of chronic, progressive liver disease. [NIH] Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Clone: The term "clone" has acquired a new meaning. It is applied specifically to the bits of inserted foreign DNA in the hybrid molecules of the population. Each inserted segment originally resided in the DNA of a complex genome amid millions of other DNA segment. [NIH]

Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Combination chemotherapy: Treatment using more than one anticancer drug. [NIH]

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Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized tomography. [NIH] Computerized tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and computed tomography (CT scan). [NIH]

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Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue Cells: A group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Cornea: The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cyclosporine: A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow

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transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cytogenetics: A branch of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular behavior of genes and chromosomes during cell division. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Cytosine: A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. [NIH] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxic chemotherapy: Anticancer drugs that kill cells, especially cancer cells. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA (chromosomes), bringing sequences, which are normally separated, into close proximity. [NIH] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Deprivation: Loss or absence of parts, organs, powers, or things that are needed. [EU] Dermal: Pertaining to or coming from the skin. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inspiration. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Diathesis: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the person more than usually susceptible to certain diseases. [EU] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Dihydrotestosterone: Anabolic agent. [NIH] Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease. [NIH] Dissociation: 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. 2. The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions, or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. 3. In psychology, a defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from the rest of a person's mental activity in order to avoid emotional distress, as in the dissociative disorders (q.v.), or in which an idea or object is segregated from its emotional significance; in the first sense it is roughly equivalent to splitting, in the second, to isolation. 4. A defect of mental integration in which one or more groups of mental processes become separated off from normal

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consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Dyscrasia: A term formerly used to indicate an abnormal mixture of the four humours; in surviving usages it now is roughly synonymous with 'disease' or 'pathologic condition'. [EU] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Elastin: The protein that gives flexibility to tissues. [NIH] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Emboli: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material. Embolization can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Embolus: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Endothelial cell: The main type of cell found in the inside lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. [NIH] Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Eosinophil: A polymorphonuclear leucocyte with large eosinophilic granules in its cytoplasm, which plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. [NIH] Eosinophilia: Abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, tissues or organs. [NIH] Eosinophilic: A condition found primarily in grinding workers caused by a reaction of the pulmonary tissue, in particular the eosinophilic cells, to dust that has entered the lung. [NIH] Epidermis: Nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers: 1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); 2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); 3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); 4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and 5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis). [NIH]

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Epidural: The space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. [NIH] Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Erythropoiesis: The production of erythrocytes. [EU] Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the kidney in the adult and the liver in the fetus, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. [NIH] Esophageal: Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH] Esophageal Varices: Stretched veins in the esophagus that occur when the liver is not working properly. If the veins burst, the bleeding can cause death. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Etretinate: An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic. [NIH] Eukaryotic Cells: Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane. [NIH] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin, fibronectins and laminin). [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH]

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Femoral: Pertaining to the femur, or to the thigh. [EU] Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. [NIH] Femoral Vein: The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein. [NIH] Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibril: Most bacterial viruses have a hollow tail with specialized fibrils at its tip. The tail fibers attach to the cell wall of the host. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fibroblast Growth Factor: Peptide isolated from the pituitary gland and from the brain. It is a potent mitogen which stimulates growth of a variety of mesodermal cells including chondrocytes, granulosa, and endothelial cells. The peptide may be active in wound healing and animal limb regeneration. [NIH] Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Filtration: The passage of a liquid through a filter, accomplished by gravity, pressure, or vacuum (suction). [EU] Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. [NIH] Fludarabine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. [NIH]

Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of gene action. [NIH] Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels. [NIH]

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Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glomerular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a glomerulus, especially a renal glomerulus. [EU]

Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Graft-versus-host disease: GVHD. A reaction of donated bone marrow or peripheral stem cells against a person's tissue. [NIH] Granulocyte: A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes. [NIH] Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. [NIH] Gravis: Eruption of watery blisters on the skin among those handling animals and animal products. [NIH] Haematological: Relating to haematology, that is that branch of medical science which treats of the morphology of the blood and blood-forming tissues. [EU] Haematology: The science of the blood, its nature, functions, and diseases. [NIH] Haemopoietic: Haematopoietic; pertaining to or effecting the formation of blood cells. [EU] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH]

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Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Headache Disorders: Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches. Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., vascular headache, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache). [NIH] Hematopoiesis: The development and formation of various types of blood cells. [NIH] Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: The transference of stem cells from one animal or human to another (allogeneic), or within the same individual (autologous). The source for the stem cells may be the bone marrow or peripheral blood. Stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. [NIH] Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hemorrhoids: Varicosities of the hemorrhoidal venous plexuses. [NIH] Hemostasis: The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of blood from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements, and the process of blood or plasma coagulation. [NIH]

Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH]

Histiocytosis: General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, nonLangerhans cell histiocytosis, and malignant histiocytic disorders. [NIH] Histology: The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. [NIH] Homeostasis: The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to

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remain balanced and stable. [NIH] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. [NIH] Humoral: Of, relating to, proceeding from, or involving a bodily humour - now often used of endocrine factors as opposed to neural or somatic. [EU] Hybrid: Cross fertilization between two varieties or, more usually, two species of vines, see also crossing. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water. [NIH] Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid lysine that is present in certain collagens. [NIH] Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. [NIH] Hydroxyurea: An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. [NIH] Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs. It is often referred to as idiopathic. [NIH] Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation. It differs from hypertrophy, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypersplenism: Condition characterized by splenomegaly, some reduction in the number of circulating blood cells in the presence of a normal or hyperactive bone marrow, and the potential for reversal by splenectomy. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hyperuricemia: A buildup of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood; a side effect of some anticancer drugs. [NIH] Hypnotic: A drug that acts to induce sleep. [EU] Hypoplasia: Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. [EU] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH]

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Idiopathic Iliac Vein: A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunoblotting: Immunologic methods for isolating and quantitatively measuring immunoreactive substances. When used with immune reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, the process is known generically as western blot analysis (blotting, western). [NIH]

Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Impotence: The inability to perform sexual intercourse. [NIH] In situ: In the natural or normal place; confined to the site of origin without invasion of neighbouring tissues. [EU] In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incontinence: Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). [NIH] Indolent: A type of cancer that grows slowly. [NIH] Indolent lymphoma: Lymphoma that grows slowly and has few symptoms. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate

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agents. [EU] Infancy: The period of complete dependency prior to the acquisition of competence in walking, talking, and self-feeding. [NIH] Infantile: Pertaining to an infant or to infancy. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment. [NIH] Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Interleukin-4: Soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that causes proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and Fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. [NIH] Interphase: The interval between two successive cell divisions during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable and DNA replication occurs. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intrahepatic: Within the liver. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU]

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Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Ionizing: Radiation comprising charged particles, e. g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc., having sufficient kinetic energy to produce ionization by collision. [NIH] Karyotype: The characteristic chromosome complement of an individual, race, or species as defined by their number, size, shape, etc. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kinetics: The study of rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Leukaemia: An acute or chronic disease of unknown cause in man and other warm-blooded animals that involves the blood-forming organs, is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of leucocytes in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood, and is classified according of the type leucocyte most prominently involved. [EU] Leukapheresis: The preparation of leukocyte concentrates with the return of red cells and leukocyte-poor plasma to the donor. [NIH] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Leukocytosis: A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. [NIH] Levo: It is an experimental treatment for heroin addiction that was developed by German scientists around 1948 as an analgesic. Like methadone, it binds with opioid receptors, but it is longer acting. [NIH] Lichen Planus: An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flattopped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown. [NIH] Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH]

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Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphoblasts: Interferon produced predominantly by leucocyte cells. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphocyte Subsets: A classification of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. [NIH] Lymphocytic: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Lymphoproliferative: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. [NIH] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Major Histocompatibility Complex: The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) transplantation antigens, genes which control the structure of the immune responseassociated (Ia) antigens, the immune response (Ir) genes which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant tumor: A tumor capable of metastasizing. [NIH] Matrix metalloproteinase: A member of a group of enzymes that can break down proteins, such as collagen, that are normally found in the spaces between cells in tissues (i.e., extracellular matrix proteins). Because these enzymes need zinc or calcium atoms to work properly, they are called metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor cell metastasis. [NIH] Mediator: An object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. [EU]

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Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] Medicament: A medicinal substance or agent. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Megakaryocytes: Very large bone marrow cells which release mature blood platelets. [NIH] Melanin: The substance that gives the skin its color. [NIH] Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - melphalan, the racemic mixture - merphalan, and the dextro isomer medphalan; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen. [NIH] Meningeal: Refers to the meninges, the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges. When it affects the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or meningitis proper. [EU] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] Methylprednisolone: (6 alpha,11 beta)-11,17,21-Trihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,2dione. A prednisolone derivative which has pharmacological actions similar to prednisolone. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Mitosis: A method of indirect cell division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecular mass: The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, based on a scale in which the atomic masses of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are 1, 12, 14, and 16,

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respectively. For example, the molecular mass of water, which has two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, is 18 (i.e., 2 + 16). [NIH] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Monosomy: The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Mosaicism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single zygote, as opposed to chimerism in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Multiple Myeloma: A malignant tumor of plasma cells usually arising in the bone marrow; characterized by diffuse involvement of the skeletal system, hyperglobulinemia, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and anemia. [NIH] Myasthenia: Muscular debility; any constitutional anomaly of muscle. [EU] Myelodysplasia: Abnormal bone marrow cells that may lead to myelogenous leukemia. [NIH]

Myelodysplastic syndrome: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or smoldering leukemia. [NIH] Myelogenous: Produced by, or originating in, the bone marrow. [NIH] Myeloma: Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Myeloproliferative Disorders: Disorders in which one or more stimuli cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Nausea: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. [NIH]

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Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nephrosis: Descriptive histopathologic term for renal disease without an inflammatory component. [NIH] Nephrotic: Pertaining to, resembling, or caused by nephrosis. [EU] Nephrotic Syndrome: Clinical association of heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell. [NIH] Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nucleic acid: Either of two types of macromolecule (DNA or RNA) formed by polymerization of nucleotides. Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and contain the information (genetic code) for the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Omentum: A fold of the peritoneum (the thin tissue that lines the abdomen) that surrounds the stomach and other organs in the abdomen. [NIH] Oncogene: A gene that normally directs cell growth. If altered, an oncogene can promote or allow the uncontrolled growth of cancer. Alterations can be inherited or caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Organelles: Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the mitochondria; the golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; lysomomes; plastids; and vacuoles. [NIH] Ossification: The formation of bone or of a bony substance; the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. [EU] Osteosclerosis: An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue. [NIH]

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Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parathyroid: 1. Situated beside the thyroid gland. 2. One of the parathyroid glands. 3. A sterile preparation of the water-soluble principle(s) of the parathyroid glands, ad-ministered parenterally as an antihypocalcaemic, especially in the treatment of acute hypoparathyroidism with tetany. [EU] Parathyroid Glands: Two small paired endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. [NIH] Parenchyma: The essential elements of an organ; used in anatomical nomenclature as a general term to designate the functional elements of an organ, as distinguished from its framework, or stroma. [EU] Parietal: 1. Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 2. Pertaining to or located near the parietal bone, as the parietal lobe. [EU] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathologic Processes: The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. [NIH] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Peptic: Pertaining to pepsin or to digestion; related to the action of gastric juices. [EU] Peptic Ulcer: An ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, caused by the action of the acid gastric juice. [NIH] Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage: Bleeding from a peptic ulcer. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU] Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneal Cavity: The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the stomach. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen. [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the

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mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Perivascular: Situated around a vessel. [EU] Peroxidase: A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7. [NIH] Peroxide: Chemical compound which contains an atom group with two oxygen atoms tied to each other. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phenylalanine: An aromatic amino acid that is essential in the animal diet. It is a precursor of melanin, dopamine, noradrenalin, and thyroxine. [NIH] Phosphorus: A non-metallic element that is found in the blood, muscles, nevers, bones, and teeth, and is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; the primary energy source for the body's cells.) [NIH] Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety. [NIH] Photochemotherapy: Therapy using oral or topical photosensitizing agents with subsequent exposure to light. [NIH] Photosensitivity: An abnormal cutaneous response involving the interaction between photosensitizing substances and sunlight or filtered or artificial light at wavelengths of 280400 mm. There are two main types : photoallergy and photoxicity. [EU] Photosensitizing Agents: Drugs that are pharmacologically inactive but when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight are converted to their active metabolite to produce a beneficial reaction affecting the diseased tissue. These compounds can be administered topically or systemically and have been used therapeutically to treat psoriasis and various types of neoplasms. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasmin: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by plasminogen activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins. EC 3.4.21.7. [NIH] Plasminogen: Precursor of fibrinolysin (plasmin). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent. [NIH] Plasminogen Activators: A heterogeneous group of proteolytic enzymes that convert plasminogen to plasmin. They are concentrated in the lysosomes of most cells and in the vascular endothelium, particularly in the vessels of the microcirculation. EC 3.4.21.-. [NIH]

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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alphagranules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication. [NIH] Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Pleura: The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity. [NIH] Pleural: A circumscribed area of hyaline whorled fibrous tissue which appears on the surface of the parietal pleura, on the fibrous part of the diaphragm or on the pleura in the interlobar fissures. [NIH] Pleural cavity: A space enclosed by the pleura (thin tissue covering the lungs and lining the interior wall of the chest cavity). It is bound by thin membranes. [NIH] Pleural Effusion: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumonitis: A disease caused by inhaling a wide variety of substances such as dusts and molds. Also called "farmer's disease". [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Polyarteritis Nodosa: A form of necrotizing vasculitis involving small- and medium-sized arteries. The signs and symptoms result from infarction and scarring of the affected organ system. [NIH] Polycythemia Vera: A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs. [NIH] Polymorphism: The occurrence together of two or more distinct forms in the same population. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Polyploid: An organism with more than two chromosome sets in its vegetative cells. [NIH] Popliteal: Compression of the nerve at the neck of the fibula. [NIH] Popliteal Vein: The vein formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins; it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein. [NIH] Porphyria: A group of disorders characterized by the excessive production of porphyrins or their precursors that arises from abnormalities in the regulation of the porphyrin-heme pathway. The porphyrias are usually divided into three broad groups, erythropoietic, hepatic, and erythrohepatic, according to the major sites of abnormal porphyrin synthesis. [NIH]

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: A form of hepatic porphyria (porphyria, hepatic) characterized by photosensitivity resulting in bullae that rupture easily to form shallow ulcers. This condition occurs in two forms: a sporadic, nonfamilial form that begins in middle age and

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has normal amounts of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase with diminished activity in the liver; and a familial form in which there is an autosomal dominant inherited deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the liver and red blood cells. [NIH] Porphyria, Hepatic: Porphyria in which the liver is the site where excess formation of porphyrin or its precursors is found. Acute intermittent porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda are types of hepatic porphyria. [NIH] Porphyrins: A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. [NIH] Portal Hypertension: High blood pressure in the portal vein. This vein carries blood into the liver. Portal hypertension is caused by a blood clot. This is a common complication of cirrhosis. [NIH] Portosystemic Shunt: An operation to create an opening between the portal vein and other veins around the liver. [NIH] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Preleukemia: Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU] Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A chronic liver disease. Slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver. This prevents release of bile. Long-term irritation of the liver may cause scarring and cirrhosis in later stages of the disease. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Progressive disease: Cancer that is increasing in scope or severity. [NIH]

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Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [NIH] Promyelocytic leukemia: A type of acute myeloid leukemia, a quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. [NIH]

Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Pruritus: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. [NIH] Psoralen: A substance that binds to the DNA in cells and stops them from multiplying. It is being studied in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease and is used in the treatment of psoriasis and vitiligo. [NIH] Psoriasis: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulmonary: Relating to the lungs. [NIH] Pulmonary hypertension: Abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Pyoderma: Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed). [NIH] Pyoderma Gangrenosum: An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown. [NIH] Quality of Health Care: The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is

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both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Racemic: Optically inactive but resolvable in the way of all racemic compounds. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radioimmunotherapy: Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (immunotoxins) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (radiotherapy). [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Ras gene: A gene that has been found to cause cancer when it is altered (mutated). Agents that block its activity may stop the growth of cancer. A ras peptide is a protein fragment produced by the ras gene. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Red blood cells: RBCs. Cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Also called erythrocytes. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regeneration: The natural renewal of a structure, as of a lost tissue or part. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be

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cancer in the body. [NIH] Renal failure: Progressive renal insufficiency and uremia, due to irreversible and progressive renal glomerular tubular or interstitial disease. [NIH] Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs. [NIH] Retinoid: Vitamin A or a vitamin A-like compound. [NIH] Retroperitoneal: Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides using NADPH as the ultimate electron donor. The deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are used in DNA synthesis. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.17.4.1. [NIH] Rickets: A condition caused by deficiency of vitamin D, especially in infancy and childhood, with disturbance of normal ossification. The disease is marked by bending and distortion of the bones under muscular action, by the formation of nodular enlargements on the ends and sides of the bones, by delayed closure of the fontanelles, pain in the muscles, and sweating of the head. Vitamin D and sunlight together with an adequate diet are curative, provided that the parathyroid glands are functioning properly. [EU] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Sclerosis: A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. [NIH] Sclerotherapy: Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secondary tumor: Cancer that has spread from the organ in which it first appeared to another organ. For example, breast cancer cells may spread (metastasize) to the lungs and cause the growth of a new tumor. When this happens, the disease is called metastatic breast cancer, and the tumor in the lungs is called a secondary tumor. Also called secondary cancer. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU]

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Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sensory loss: A disease of the nerves whereby the myelin or insulating sheath of myelin on the nerves does not stay intact and the messages from the brain to the muscles through the nerves are not carried properly. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smoldering leukemia: Disease in which the bone marrow does not function normally. Also called preleukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Specificity: Degree of selectivity shown by an antibody with respect to the number and types of antigens with which the antibody combines, as well as with respect to the rates and the extents of these reactions. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinal Cord Compression: Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the spinal cord due to extramedullary neoplasm; epidural abscess; spinal fractures; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence. [NIH] Spinal Fractures: Broken bones in the vertebral column. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splenectomy: An operation to remove the spleen. [NIH]

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Splenic Artery: The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum. [NIH] Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. [NIH] Sporadic: Neither endemic nor epidemic; occurring occasionally in a random or isolated manner. [EU] Stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment. The stem cells are given to the person after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. [NIH] Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells of the same lineage (family type) that retain the ability to divide and cycle throughout postnatal life to provide cells that can become specialized and take the place of those that die or are lost. [NIH] Sterility: 1. The inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to induce conception (male s.). 2. The state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stroma: The middle, thickest layer of tissue in the cornea. [NIH] Stromal: Large, veil-like cell in the bone marrow. [NIH] Stromal Cells: Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Suction: The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure. [NIH] Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH]

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Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Teratogenic: Tending to produce anomalies of formation, or teratism (= anomaly of formation or development : condition of a monster). [EU] Testosterone: A hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. [NIH] Thalidomide: A pharmaceutical agent originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market because of its known tetratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermography: Measurement of the regional temperature of the body or an organ by infrared sensing devices, based on self-emanating infrared radiation. [NIH] Thigh: A leg; in anatomy, any elongated process or part of a structure more or less comparable to a leg. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombocytes: Blood cells that help prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called platelets. [NIH] Thrombocytopenia: A decrease in the number of blood platelets. [NIH] Thrombolytic: 1. Dissolving or splitting up a thrombus. 2. A thrombolytic agent. [EU] Thrombopoietin: A humoral factor that controls blood platelet production through stimulation of megakaryocyte populations. Bone marrow megakaryocytes increase in both size and number in response to exposure to thrombopoietin. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thrombus: An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. Some authorities thus differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. [EU] Thymoma: A tumor of the thymus, an organ that is part of the lymphatic system and is located in the chest, behind the breastbone. [NIH] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Torsion: A twisting or rotation of a bodily part or member on its axis. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances

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usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfusion: The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream. The blood may be donated from another person, or it may have been taken from the person earlier and stored until needed. [NIH] Translational: The cleavage of signal sequence that directs the passage of the protein through a cell or organelle membrane. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Transmitter: A chemical substance which effects the passage of nerve impulses from one cell to the other at the synapse. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series. [NIH] Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor serotonin and niacin. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. [NIH] Tumor Necrosis Factor: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa. [NIH] Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine. It is also the precursor of epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and melanin. [NIH] Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Urea: A compound (CO(NH2)2), formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [NIH] Uremia: The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the blood because the kidneys are not working effectively. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness,

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and mental confusion. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Urokinase: A drug that dissolves blood clots or prevents them from forming. [NIH] Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase: One of the enzymes active in heme biosynthesis. It catalyzes the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III by the conversion of four acetic acid groups to four methyl groups. EC 4.1.1.37. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Varicose: The common ulcer in the lower third of the leg or near the ankle. [NIH] Varicose vein: An abnormal swelling and tortuosity especially of the superficial veins of the legs. [EU] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. [NIH] Vasculitis: Inflammation of a blood vessel. [NIH] Vegetative: 1. Concerned with growth and with nutrition. 2. Functioning involuntarily or unconsciously, as the vegetative nervous system. 3. Resting; denoting the portion of a cell cycle during which the cell is not involved in replication. 4. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of plants. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a thrombus within a vein. [NIH] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Vertebral: Of or pertaining to a vertebra. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Viremia: The presence of viruses in the blood. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Vitiligo: A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor

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aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] Zygote: The fertilized ovum. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 89, 98, 112, 118, 122 Abdominal Pain, 89, 122 Aberrant, 5, 89 Abscess, 89, 119 Acidosis, 89, 122 Acute leukemia, 60, 89, 115 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 58, 89 Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 89 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 29, 58, 59, 89 Acute myeloid leukemia, 89, 116 Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 89 Acute renal, 8, 21, 89 Adenocarcinoma, 26, 89 Adrenal Glands, 89 Adrenal insufficiency, 28, 89 Adverse Effect, 89, 119 Affinity, 6, 89, 90 Affinity Chromatography, 6, 90 Albumin, 90, 92 Algorithms, 90, 93 Alkaline, 89, 90, 94 Alkylating Agents, 90, 94 Allium, 24, 90 Allogeneic, 8, 9, 18, 23, 30, 35, 90, 102, 103 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 35, 90 Alopecia, 90, 97 Alternative medicine, 66, 90 Amino acid, 90, 91, 104, 112, 113, 114, 116, 120, 122 Anabolic, 50, 90, 98 Anaemia, 11, 90 Anaesthesia, 91, 105 Anatomical, 91, 105, 112, 118 Anemia, 4, 10, 16, 33, 44, 47, 54, 78, 91, 110 Angiogenesis, 39, 47, 91, 108 Antiangiogenic, 14, 91 Antibacterial, 91, 119 Antibiotic, 91, 119 Antibodies, 91, 102, 108, 110, 113, 117 Antibody, 90, 91, 93, 96, 102, 105, 106, 108, 110, 117, 119 Antifungal, 91, 101 Antigen, 89, 91, 96, 104, 105, 106, 108 Anti-inflammatory, 91, 97, 102, 115 Antimetabolite, 91, 109

Antineoplastic, 90, 91, 97, 104, 109, 114 Antiproliferative, 59, 91 Antiviral, 91, 106 Aplasia, 61, 91 Apoptosis, 4, 91, 94 Arterial, 47, 92, 104, 116, 121 Arterial embolization, 47, 92 Arteries, 92, 93, 97, 109, 114, 116 Artery, 92, 93, 97, 99, 101, 116, 123 Ascites, 4, 30, 92 Ascorbic Acid, 92, 104 Assay, 5, 92 Autologous, 36, 92, 103 Autologous bone marrow transplantation, 92, 103 Autopsy, 51, 92 Avidin, 6, 92 B Bacteria, 91, 92, 99, 109, 119, 123 Bacteriostatic, 90, 92 Barbiturate, 92, 121 Basophils, 92, 102, 107 Benign, 92, 103, 111, 117 Bile, 92, 95, 101, 107, 115, 120 Bile duct, 92, 95, 115 Biliary, 4, 92 Biopsy, 3, 92, 112 Biotechnology, 7, 66, 73, 92 Bladder, 29, 93, 105, 123 Blast Crisis, 15, 93 Blood Coagulation, 93, 94 Blood Platelets, 93, 109, 121 Blood pressure, 93, 104, 115, 116 Blood vessel, 91, 93, 99, 108, 109, 119, 121, 123 Blood Volume, 93, 114 Blot, 93, 105 Blotting, Western, 93, 105 Bone marrow biopsy, 21, 47, 93 Bone Marrow Cells, 5, 15, 93, 102, 109, 110 Bone Marrow Transplantation, 9, 23, 43, 46, 78, 93 Bone metastases, 54, 93 Bone scan, 24, 93 Bowel, 93, 112, 122 Bronchi, 93, 100 Bronchial, 39, 93 Busulfan, 6, 37, 94

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C Calcium, 28, 94, 96, 108, 112 Candidiasis, 94, 101 Carcinogen, 94, 109 Carcinogenic, 90, 94, 120 Carcinoma, 10, 39, 45, 94 Cardiac, 94, 100, 110, 120 Case report, 14, 24, 30, 32, 50, 58, 94 Caspase, 5, 94 Cell Count, 49, 94 Cell Cycle, 94, 100, 123 Cell Death, 91, 94, 100, 111 Cell Differentiation, 30, 94 Cell Division, 92, 94, 98, 100, 106, 109 Cell Transplantation, 8, 9, 78, 94 Central Nervous System, 94, 103, 104 Central Nervous System Infections, 94, 103 Chemotherapy, 23, 33, 45, 49, 59, 60, 95 Cholangitis, 4, 95 Cholesterol, 92, 95, 120 Chondrocytes, 95, 101 Chromatin, 91, 95 Chromosomal, 95, 110 Chromosome, 16, 24, 38, 95, 107, 110, 114 Chronic Disease, 95, 107 Chronic granulocytic leukemia, 95 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 40, 59, 95 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 38, 95 Cirrhosis, 95, 115 Clinical Medicine, 95, 115 Clinical trial, 4, 73, 95, 98, 117 Clone, 5, 95 Cloning, 93, 95 Colitis, 95 Collagen, 13, 28, 43, 50, 90, 95, 100, 101, 108, 116, 118 Colon, 38, 41, 95, 122 Combination chemotherapy, 60, 95 Complement, 96, 107, 108 Complementary and alternative medicine, 57, 62, 96 Complementary medicine, 57, 96 Computational Biology, 73, 96 Computed tomography, 41, 96 Computerized axial tomography, 96 Computerized tomography, 3, 96 Confusion, 97, 123 Connective Tissue, 11, 63, 92, 93, 95, 97, 101, 108, 109, 118, 120 Connective Tissue Cells, 97 Constitutional, 21, 97, 110

Contraindications, ii, 3, 6, 97 Cornea, 97, 120 Coronary, 97, 109 Coronary Thrombosis, 97, 109 Corticosteroid, 97, 115 Cortisone, 97, 115 Cranial, 97, 103 Craniocerebral Trauma, 97, 103 Curative, 6, 97, 118, 121 Cutaneous, 7, 15, 94, 97, 107, 113 Cyclophosphamide, 6, 97 Cyclosporine, 6, 97 Cytogenetics, 15, 24, 31, 98 Cytokine, 4, 5, 8, 98, 121 Cytoplasm, 91, 92, 98, 99, 110 Cytosine, 47, 98 Cytotoxic, 59, 60, 98, 117, 122 Cytotoxic chemotherapy, 60, 98 Cytotoxicity, 43, 98 D Deletion, 23, 91, 98 Density, 13, 98, 111 Deprivation, 4, 98 Dermal, 21, 98, 107 Diagnostic procedure, 66, 98 Diaphragm, 98, 114 Diastolic, 98, 104 Diathesis, 50, 98 Diffusion, 98, 106 Digestion, 92, 93, 98, 107, 112, 120 Dihydrotestosterone, 98, 117 Diploid, 98, 110 Direct, iii, 4, 95, 98, 117 Disease-Free Survival, 7, 98 Dissociation, 89, 98 Drug Interactions, 99 Dyscrasia, 60, 99 E Edema, 99, 111 Efficacy, 14, 54, 99 Elastin, 95, 99, 100 Electrons, 99, 107, 117 Emboli, 32, 99 Embolization, 32, 99 Embolus, 99, 106 Embryo, 94, 99, 105 Endothelial cell, 99, 101 Environmental Exposure, 99, 111 Environmental Health, 72, 74, 99 Enzymatic, 90, 94, 96, 99 Enzyme, 94, 99, 113, 116, 117, 118, 124 Eosinophil, 99, 102

127

Eosinophilia, 38, 99, 104 Eosinophilic, 7, 47, 99, 104 Epidermis, 99, 107, 116 Epidural, 100, 119 Epinephrine, 100, 122 Epithelial, 89, 100 Erythrocytes, 90, 91, 93, 100, 117 Erythropoiesis, 16, 23, 44, 100 Erythropoietin, 4, 20, 44, 46, 47, 60, 100 Esophageal, 20, 21, 44, 100, 118 Esophageal Varices, 100, 118 Esophagus, 22, 100, 112, 120 Etoposide, 59, 100 Etretinate, 54, 100 Eukaryotic Cells, 100, 105, 111 Extracellular, 97, 100, 101, 108 Extracellular Matrix, 97, 100, 101, 108 Extracellular Matrix Proteins, 100, 108 F Family Planning, 73, 100 Fat, 93, 97, 99, 100, 119 Femoral, 3, 101, 114 Femoral Artery, 101 Femoral Vein, 3, 101, 114 Femur, 101 Fetus, 100, 101 Fibril, 101, 118 Fibrinogen, 101, 113 Fibroblast Growth Factor, 17, 19, 101 Fibroblasts, 21, 43, 97, 101 Fibrosis, 10, 11, 13, 18, 45, 47, 49, 57, 59, 60, 61, 101, 118 Filtration, 5, 101 Fluconazole, 54, 57, 101 Fludarabine, 6, 59, 101 G Gallbladder, 89, 92, 101 Gamma Rays, 101, 117 Gastric, 26, 35, 44, 101, 112, 118 Gastrin, 101, 104 Gastrointestinal, 100, 101, 104, 120 Gastrointestinal tract, 101, 104 Gene, 5, 9, 51, 93, 101, 111, 117 Gene Expression, 5, 101 Gene Silencing, 6, 101 Genetics, 24, 31, 98, 102 Genotype, 32, 102 Gland, 97, 102, 108, 112, 113, 118, 121 Glomerular, 102, 118 Glucocorticoid, 102, 115 Glycoprotein, 100, 101, 102, 122 Gonadal, 102, 120

Governing Board, 102, 115 Grade, 4, 34, 102 Graft, 7, 30, 102, 105, 116 Graft Rejection, 102, 105 Grafting, 6, 102 Graft-versus-host disease, 102, 116 Granulocyte, 19, 102, 106 Granulocyte-Macrophage ColonyStimulating Factor, 19, 102 Gravis, 54, 102 H Haematological, 12, 57, 102 Haemopoietic, 13, 102 Haptens, 90, 102 Headache, 31, 103 Headache Disorders, 103 Hematopoiesis, 7, 15, 17, 20, 22, 31, 39, 45, 48, 49, 103, 114 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 9, 103 Heme, 103, 114, 115, 123 Hemoglobin, 26, 91, 100, 103, 115 Hemorrhage, 20, 21, 44, 47, 97, 103, 116 Hemorrhoids, 103, 118 Hemostasis, 5, 103 Hepatic, 3, 25, 90, 103, 114, 115 Hepatomegaly, 44, 103 Hereditary, 103, 113 Heredity, 101, 102, 103 Heterogeneity, 90, 103 Histiocytosis, 60, 103 Histology, 17, 31, 48, 103 Homeostasis, 28, 38, 103 Hormone, 54, 97, 100, 101, 104, 112, 114, 115, 121 Hormone therapy, 54, 104 Humoral, 102, 104, 121 Hybrid, 95, 104 Hydrogen, 89, 100, 104, 109, 110 Hydrolysis, 104, 114, 116 Hydroxylysine, 95, 104 Hydroxyproline, 50, 90, 95, 104 Hydroxyurea, 27, 33, 37, 104 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome, 9, 35, 47, 104 Hyperplasia, 24, 39, 104, 107 Hypersensitivity, 5, 99, 104 Hypersplenism, 33, 104 Hypertension, 39, 103, 104, 115 Hypertrophy, 104 Hyperuricemia, 104, 122 Hypnotic, 92, 104, 121

128

Myelofibrosis

Hypoplasia, 23, 104 I Iliac Vein, 101, 105 Immune response, 91, 97, 102, 105, 108, 120, 123 Immune system, 105, 108, 124 Immunization, 105 Immunoblotting, 5, 105 Immunodeficiency, 54, 105 Immunologic, 105, 117 Immunology, 25, 30, 38, 57, 89, 105 Immunosuppressant, 90, 105, 109 Immunosuppressive, 97, 102, 105 Immunosuppressive therapy, 105 Immunotherapy, 51, 105 Impairment, 44, 105 Impotence, 105, 119 In situ, 23, 105 In Situ Hybridization, 23, 105 In vitro, 4, 13, 59, 105 In vivo, 105 Incontinence, 105, 119 Indolent, 22, 59, 105 Indolent lymphoma, 59, 105 Induction, 30, 38, 105 Infancy, 106, 118 Infantile, 22, 106 Infarction, 26, 97, 106, 109, 114 Infection, 4, 94, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 120, 124 Infiltration, 8, 30, 104, 106 Inflammation, 90, 91, 95, 101, 102, 106, 109, 114, 120, 122, 123 Informed Consent, 4, 106 Infusion, 30, 106, 118, 122 Interferon, 8, 14, 30, 32, 45, 106, 108 Interferon-alpha, 32, 106 Interleukin-4, 8, 106 Interphase, 15, 106 Interstitial, 10, 106, 118 Intracellular, 16, 106 Intrahepatic, 27, 29, 44, 48, 106 Intravenous, 27, 106 Intrinsic, 90, 106 Invasive, 107, 108 Ionizing, 99, 107, 117 K Karyotype, 14, 15, 107 Kb, 72, 107 Kinetics, 6, 107 L Lesion, 107, 119

Leucocyte, 30, 99, 107, 108 Leukaemia, 16, 24, 43, 45, 58, 107 Leukapheresis, 49, 107 Leukocytes, 40, 92, 93, 106, 107, 110, 113, 122 Leukocytosis, 107, 114 Levo, 107, 109 Lichen Planus, 100, 107 Ligation, 20, 21, 107 Liver, 3, 33, 34, 39, 89, 90, 92, 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 114, 115, 122 Localization, 16, 107 Localized, 33, 89, 106, 107, 118, 119 Lupus, 107, 120 Lymph, 24, 25, 99, 107, 108 Lymph node, 24, 25, 108 Lymphatic, 106, 107, 108, 109, 119, 121 Lymphatic system, 107, 108, 119, 121 Lymphoblasts, 89, 108 Lymphocyte, 34, 61, 91, 108 Lymphocyte Subsets, 61, 108 Lymphocytic, 108 Lymphoid, 34, 91, 107, 108 Lymphoproliferative, 34, 108, 122 M Macrophage, 102, 108 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 8, 108 Major Histocompatibility Complex, 106, 108 Malignant, 39, 60, 89, 91, 103, 108, 110, 111, 117, 118 Malignant tumor, 108, 110 Matrix metalloproteinase, 42, 108 Mediator, 38, 108 Medical Records, 109, 118 Medicament, 90, 109 MEDLINE, 73, 109 Megakaryocytes, 5, 15, 19, 40, 93, 109, 121 Melanin, 109, 113, 122 Melphalan, 35, 54, 109 Meningeal, 31, 109 Meninges, 94, 97, 109 Meningitis, 101, 109 Mental, iv, 4, 72, 74, 97, 98, 109, 123 Mesenchymal, 102, 109 Metastasis, 35, 48, 108, 109 Methotrexate, 6, 16, 109 Methylprednisolone, 27, 109 MI, 47, 87, 109 Microbe, 109, 122 Microorganism, 109, 124 Mitosis, 92, 109

129

Mitotic, 100, 109 Mitoxantrone, 59, 60, 109 Molecular, 5, 15, 35, 73, 75, 93, 96, 98, 101, 109, 113, 122 Molecular mass, 5, 109 Molecule, 90, 91, 96, 98, 104, 109, 110, 117 Monoclonal, 105, 110 Monoclonal antibodies, 105, 110 Monocytes, 38, 107, 110, 121 Mononuclear, 19, 110, 122 Monosomy, 26, 110 Morphological, 14, 24, 34, 99, 110 Morphology, 102, 110 Mosaicism, 18, 110 Mucosa, 107, 110, 120 Mucus, 110, 122 Multiple Myeloma, 54, 110 Myasthenia, 54, 110 Myelodysplasia, 16, 26, 60, 110 Myelodysplastic syndrome, 6, 9, 11, 16, 47, 51, 60, 110, 119 Myelogenous, 43, 62, 110 Myeloma, 54, 110 Myeloproliferative Disorders, 4, 17, 20, 38, 60, 62, 110 Myocardium, 109, 110 N Nausea, 110, 122 Necrosis, 91, 106, 109, 111 Neoplasia, 100, 111 Neoplasm, 111, 118, 119 Neoplastic, 15, 58, 108, 111 Nephrosis, 111 Nephrotic, 24, 111 Nephrotic Syndrome, 24, 111 Nerve, 108, 111, 114, 118, 122 Nervous System, 94, 108, 111, 120, 123 Neurologic, 49, 111 Neutrophil, 38, 42, 111 Nitroblue Tetrazolium, 25, 111 Nitrogen, 97, 100, 109, 111, 122 Nuclei, 99, 108, 109, 111 Nucleic acid, 98, 105, 111 Nucleus, 91, 92, 95, 98, 100, 101, 110, 111 O Omentum, 111, 120 Oncogene, 32, 111 Opacity, 98, 111 Organelles, 98, 110, 111 Ossification, 111, 118 Osteosclerosis, 57, 63, 111 Ovary, 112, 120

P Palliative, 40, 112, 121 Pancreas, 89, 112, 120 Parathyroid, 112, 118 Parathyroid Glands, 112, 118 Parenchyma, 21, 112 Parietal, 112, 114 Partial remission, 112, 117 Pathogenesis, 13, 17, 18, 31, 37, 39, 42, 48, 59, 112 Pathologic, 39, 40, 89, 92, 97, 99, 104, 112, 116 Pathologic Processes, 92, 112 Pathophysiology, 40, 112 Peptic, 112, 118 Peptic Ulcer, 112, 118 Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage, 112, 118 Peptide, 13, 51, 90, 101, 112, 114, 116, 117 Percutaneous, 3, 32, 112 Peripheral blood, 6, 9, 15, 19, 25, 34, 36, 41, 103, 106, 112, 115 Peritoneal, 92, 112 Peritoneal Cavity, 92, 112 Peritoneum, 111, 112, 118 Perivascular, 10, 113 Peroxidase, 23, 113 Peroxide, 113 Pharmacologic, 113, 122 Phenylalanine, 113, 122 Phosphorus, 94, 112, 113 Phosphorylation, 32, 113 Photochemotherapy, 39, 113 Photosensitivity, 113, 114 Photosensitizing Agents, 113 Physiologic, 113, 117 Pilot study, 8, 14, 21, 30, 113 Pituitary Gland, 97, 101, 113 Plasma, 6, 19, 24, 42, 60, 90, 91, 93, 101, 103, 107, 110, 113 Plasma cells, 91, 110, 113 Plasmin, 113 Plasminogen, 19, 113 Plasminogen Activators, 113 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, 13, 43, 114 Platelets, 5, 19, 23, 114, 121 Pleura, 114 Pleural, 8, 114 Pleural cavity, 114 Pleural Effusion, 8, 114 Pneumonia, 97, 114 Pneumonitis, 27, 114

130

Myelofibrosis

Podophyllotoxin, 100, 114 Polyarteritis Nodosa, 29, 114 Polycythemia Vera, 4, 12, 14, 17, 31, 33, 38, 39, 43, 62, 114 Polymorphism, 32, 114 Polypeptide, 90, 95, 101, 113, 114 Polyploid, 5, 114 Popliteal, 101, 114 Popliteal Vein, 101, 114 Porphyria, 7, 28, 114, 115 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, 7, 28, 114, 115 Porphyria, Hepatic, 114, 115 Porphyrins, 114, 115 Portal Hypertension, 20, 29, 48, 115 Portosystemic Shunt, 29, 44, 48, 115 Postnatal, 115, 120 Practice Guidelines, 3, 74, 115 Precursor, 7, 43, 97, 99, 113, 115, 122 Prednisolone, 8, 54, 109, 115 Prednisone, 7, 115 Preleukemia, 110, 115, 119 Preoperative, 32, 115 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, 29, 115 Progesterone, 115, 120 Progressive, 4, 5, 94, 95, 111, 115, 118 Progressive disease, 115 Proline, 95, 104, 116 Promyelocytic leukemia, 8, 116 Prophylaxis, 100, 116 Protein S, 93, 116 Proteins, 5, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 119, 122, 123 Proteinuria, 110, 111, 116 Proteolytic, 60, 96, 101, 113, 116 Pruritus, 39, 116 Psoralen, 39, 116 Psoriasis, 100, 113, 116 Public Policy, 73, 116 Pulmonary, 17, 21, 34, 43, 93, 99, 116, 123 Pulmonary hypertension, 21, 34, 43, 116 Pulse, 54, 116 Purpura, 48, 58, 116 Purulent, 116 Pyoderma, 44, 116 Pyoderma Gangrenosum, 44, 116 Q Quality of Health Care, 116, 122 R Race, 107, 109, 116, 117 Racemic, 109, 117 Radiation, 44, 99, 101, 107, 113, 117, 121, 124

Radioactive, 93, 104, 110, 117 Radioimmunotherapy, 117 Radiological, 3, 112, 117 Radiology, 22, 44, 117 Radiotherapy, 34, 117 Randomized, 99, 117 Ras gene, 31, 117 Receptor, 19, 21, 36, 91, 117 Recombinant, 8, 19, 44, 47, 60, 117 Red blood cells, 100, 115, 117, 118 Reductase, 25, 109, 117 Refer, 1, 96, 107, 117 Refraction, 117, 119 Refractory, 30, 59, 60, 117 Regeneration, 101, 117 Regimen, 6, 18, 59, 99, 117 Relapse, 6, 117 Remission, 30, 35, 59, 117 Renal failure, 118 Reticulin, 13, 118 Retinoid, 100, 118 Retroperitoneal, 47, 89, 118 Retrospective, 9, 13, 46, 118 Retrospective study, 9, 13, 118 Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase, 104, 118 Rickets, 10, 45, 51, 118 Risk factor, 9, 118 S Saponins, 118, 120 Sarcoma, 21, 25, 29, 118 Sclerosis, 27, 118 Sclerotherapy, 20, 118 Screening, 95, 118 Secondary tumor, 109, 118 Secretion, 16, 89, 97, 110, 118 Semisynthetic, 100, 119 Sensory loss, 119 Serum, 4, 11, 20, 90, 96, 119, 122 Side effect, 89, 97, 104, 119, 122 Signs and Symptoms, 114, 117, 119 Skeletal, 110, 119 Small intestine, 104, 119 Smoldering leukemia, 110, 119 Soft tissue, 93, 119 Solid tumor, 91, 119 Specialist, 79, 119 Species, 90, 94, 100, 104, 107, 109, 110, 116, 119, 122, 123 Specificity, 90, 115, 119 Spectrum, 5, 119 Sperm, 95, 119

131

Spinal cord, 36, 94, 95, 100, 109, 111, 119 Spinal Cord Compression, 36, 119 Spinal Fractures, 119 Spleen, 11, 13, 26, 44, 46, 48, 49, 54, 108, 114, 119, 120 Splenectomy, 20, 29, 32, 33, 40, 43, 46, 104, 119 Splenic Artery, 32, 120 Splenomegaly, 4, 23, 26, 32, 34, 104, 114, 120 Sporadic, 114, 120 Stem cell transplantation, 6, 9, 18, 43, 46, 103, 120 Stem Cells, 6, 78, 90, 100, 102, 103, 120 Sterility, 97, 120 Steroid, 11, 50, 54, 97, 118, 120 Stomach, 89, 100, 101, 104, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120 Stroma, 12, 49, 112, 120 Stromal, 25, 26, 93, 120 Stromal Cells, 26, 93, 120 Subacute, 106, 120 Subarachnoid, 103, 120 Subclinical, 106, 120 Substance P, 118, 120 Suction, 101, 120 Suppression, 97, 101, 120 Symptomatic, 44, 120 Systemic, 21, 36, 38, 93, 94, 100, 106, 115, 120 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 21, 36, 38, 120 Systolic, 104, 121 T Teratogenic, 90, 100, 121 Testosterone, 117, 121 Thalidomide, 7, 14, 18, 34, 38, 46, 47, 48, 121 Therapeutics, 121 Thermography, 12, 121 Thigh, 101, 121 Threshold, 104, 121 Thrombocytes, 49, 114, 121 Thrombocytopenia, 5, 58, 121 Thrombolytic, 113, 121 Thrombopoietin, 19, 121 Thrombosis, 42, 116, 118, 121 Thrombus, 32, 97, 106, 121, 123 Thymoma, 54, 121 Thymus, 24, 105, 108, 121 Thyroid, 112, 121, 122 Tomography, 17, 121

Topical, 113, 121 Torsion, 106, 121 Toxic, iv, 90, 98, 99, 109, 114, 121, 122 Toxicity, 6, 99, 122 Toxicology, 74, 122 Toxins, 91, 106, 110, 117, 122 Transfection, 93, 122 Transfusion, 46, 122 Translational, 101, 122 Translocation, 23, 38, 122 Transmitter, 108, 122 Transplantation, 16, 21, 30, 44, 105, 108, 122 Treatment Failure, 6, 122 Tryptophan, 95, 122 Tuberculosis, 33, 36, 45, 107, 122 Tumor Lysis Syndrome, 8, 122 Tumor Necrosis Factor, 21, 121, 122 Tyrosine, 32, 36, 47, 122 U Ulcerative colitis, 29, 116, 122 Urea, 122 Uremia, 4, 118, 122 Urinary, 29, 50, 105, 122, 123 Urine, 93, 105, 116, 123 Urokinase, 19, 123 Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase, 115, 123 V Vaccines, 123 Varicose, 118, 123 Varicose vein, 118, 123 Vascular, 20, 50, 103, 106, 113, 121, 123 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 20, 123 Vasculitis, 114, 123 Vegetative, 114, 123 Vein, 101, 105, 106, 114, 115, 123 Venous, 27, 39, 103, 116, 123 Venous Thrombosis, 27, 123 Ventricle, 116, 121, 123 Ventricular, 32, 123 Vertebrae, 119, 123 Vertebral, 119, 123 Veterinary Medicine, 73, 123 Viremia, 41, 123 Virulence, 122, 123 Virus, 41, 94, 106, 123 Vitiligo, 116, 123 Vitro, 124

132

Myelofibrosis

W White blood cell, 89, 91, 95, 102, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 124 Wound Healing, 101, 108, 124

X X-ray, 96, 101, 117, 124 Z Zygote, 110, 124

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