Rhinoplasty - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

RHINOPLASTY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N...

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RHINOPLASTY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Rhinoplasty: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84066-0 1. Rhinoplasty-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on rhinoplasty. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON RHINOPLASTY ........................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Rhinoplasty ................................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND RHINOPLASTY ................................................................................. 45 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 45 Finding Nutrition Studies on Rhinoplasty.................................................................................. 45 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 46 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND RHINOPLASTY ........................................................... 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 49 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 51 General References ....................................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON RHINOPLASTY ............................................................................. 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 Dissertations on Rhinoplasty....................................................................................................... 53 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON RHINOPLASTY ........................................................................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 55 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 56 Chapters on Rhinoplasty.............................................................................................................. 58 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 63 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 65 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 69 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 73 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 73 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 73 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 79 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 80 RHINOPLASTY DICTIONARY ................................................................................................... 81 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 99

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with rhinoplasty is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about rhinoplasty, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to rhinoplasty, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on rhinoplasty. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to rhinoplasty, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on rhinoplasty. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON RHINOPLASTY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on rhinoplasty.

Federally Funded Research on Rhinoplasty The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to rhinoplasty. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to rhinoplasty. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore rhinoplasty. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for rhinoplasty: •

Project Title: PEG HYDROGELS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING OF CARTILAGE Principal Investigator & Institution: Riley, Susan L.; Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. 10933 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla, Ca 92037 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-MAY-2001; Project End 30-APR-2002 Summary: (Verbatim from Applicant): The long-term objective of this project is to develop tissue-engineered cartilage for human therapy using a novel degradable

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel. We hypothesize that a semi-interpenetrating polymer network composed of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene oxide) (MW2 mm) molded to shapes specific for craniofacial or orthopaedic applications. Use of biodegradable, biocompatible hydrogels has many advantages over mesh polymer scaffolds. Hydrogel can be molded to specific shapes, supports cell growth and matrix deposition in constructs thicker than 2 mm, may serve to hide potentially immunogenic chondrocytes enabling development of off the shelf allogeneic products, and is useful for growing autologous cartilage where donor cells are limited. Based on the biomechanical properties exhibited by the optimal hydrogel formulation determined in Phase I, we will develop cartilage for either rhinoplasty or for orthopaedic defect repair. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: Cartilage-related orthopaedic (400,000 procedures in 1996) and craniofacial (300,000 procedures in 1996) surgeons annually treat 700,000 patients in the United States alone. If left untreated, these defects can lead to progressive degeneration of the cartilage resulting in impaired function, increased pain and/or disfigurement. The motivation for developing tissue-engineered cartilage comes from an increasing clinical need for graft material of appropriate shapes, sizes, and biomechanical properties to effectively repair damaged or missing cartilage. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with rhinoplasty, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for rhinoplasty (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of human adjuvant disease after augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Shiba A, Hatoko M, Okazaki T, Tada H, Kuwahara M, Tanaka A, Muramatsu T. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1999 May-June; 23(3): 175-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10384016&dopt=Abstract

3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A measurement system for rhinoplasty patients. Author(s): Kara CO, Kara IG. Source: Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2003 January; 10(1): 45-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12529579&dopt=Abstract

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A simple device to support eyeglasses after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Guneren E, Akbas H, Eroglu L, Demir A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 December; 108(7): 2159-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11743429&dopt=Abstract

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A simple time-saving technique for nasal taping after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Hoefflin SM, Rubin A, Patam M. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 July; 108(1): 261-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11420539&dopt=Abstract

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A systematic, graduated approach to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Williams EF 3rd, Lam SM. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 November; 18(4): 215-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524593&dopt=Abstract

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Achieving consistency in the lateral nasal osteotomy during rhinoplasty: an external perforated technique. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Krueger JK, Adams WP Jr, Hollier LH Jr. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 December; 108(7): 2122-30; Discussion 2131-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11743415&dopt=Abstract

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Adjunctive cosmetic procedures during rhinoplasty and sinus surgery. Author(s): Becker DG. Source: Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 2003; 13(3): 247-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14516188&dopt=Abstract

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Adjunctive rhinoplasty. Author(s): Ghali GE, Sinn DP. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2000 September; 8(2): 99-112. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11212560&dopt=Abstract

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Aesthetics and the Hispanic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Leach J. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2002 November; 112(11): 1903-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12439154&dopt=Abstract

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Alloderm used in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Erol OO. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 November; 108(6): 1827-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11711982&dopt=Abstract

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An aid to accurate planning of alar reconstruction in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Ross GL, Mercer NS. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2001 March; 54(2): 154-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11421385&dopt=Abstract

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An unexpected complication after rhinoplasty: pneumothorax. Author(s): Eroglu L, Akbas H, Guneren E, Demir A, Baris S, Demircan S. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 September 1; 110(3): 992-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12172178&dopt=Abstract

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An unexpected occurrence of acute contact dermatitis during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Mabrie DC, Papel ID. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 1999 October-December; 1(4): 320-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937124&dopt=Abstract

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An unusual complication of augmentation rhinoplasty: late displacement of dorsal nasal splint. Author(s): Owa AO, Zaman A, Farrell RW, Bull TR. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1999 April; 113(4): 358-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10474674&dopt=Abstract

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An unusual complication of rhinoplasty: subcutaneous emphysema. Author(s): Celebioglu S, Keser A, Ortak T. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 1998 April; 51(3): 266-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9664896&dopt=Abstract

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An update on the lateral nasal osteotomy in rhinoplasty: an anatomic endoscopic comparison of the external versus the internal approach. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Janis JE, Adams WP, Krueger JK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 June; 111(7): 2461-2; Discussion 2463. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12794496&dopt=Abstract

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Anatomic basis and clinical implications for nasal tip support in open and closed rhinoplasty. Author(s): Tebbetts JB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 October; 104(5): 1571-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10513947&dopt=Abstract

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Anatomic basis of notch deformity in open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Gamboa M, Shayani P, Schmid R, Bobadilla E, Blackwell S. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2003 March; 50(3): 282-5; Discussion 285. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12800905&dopt=Abstract

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Anatomic considerations in aesthetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Lam SM, Williams EF 3rd. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 November; 18(4): 209-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524592&dopt=Abstract

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Anatomic reconstruction of the nasal tip cartilages in secondary and reconstructive rhinoplasty. Author(s): Menick FJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 December; 104(7): 2187-98; Discussion 2199-2201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11149788&dopt=Abstract

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Anatomy of a rhinoplasty: emphasis on the middle third of the nose. Author(s): Teller DC. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 241-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656879&dopt=Abstract

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Assessing day-case septorhinoplasty: prospective audit study using patient-based indices. Author(s): Georgalas C, Paun S, Zainal A, Patel NN, Mochloulis G. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 September; 116(9): 707-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437806&dopt=Abstract

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Assessment of patient benefit from septo-rhinoplasty with the use of Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) and Nasal Symptom Questionnaire (NSQ). Author(s): Konstantinidis I, Triaridis S, Printza A, Triaridis A, Noussios G. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2003; 57(2): 123-9. Erratum In: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2003; 58(3):. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12836469&dopt=Abstract

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Asymmetric incision for open rhinoplasty in cleft lip nasal deformity. Author(s): Harashina T. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 February; 105(2): 805. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10697200&dopt=Abstract

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Asymmetric incision for open rhinoplasty in cleft lip nasal deformity. Author(s): Koh KS, Eom JS. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 June; 103(7): 1835-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10359242&dopt=Abstract

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Augmentation rhinoplasty by subcutaneous midline forehead flap simultaneous with implant removal. Author(s): Tanino R, Nishimura M, Miyasaka M, Ito K. Source: Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1997 September; 22(3): 77-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9618827&dopt=Abstract

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Augmentation rhinoplasty with dermal graft and review of the literature. Author(s): Erdogan B, Tuncel A, Adanali G, Deren O, Ayhan M. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 May; 111(6): 2060-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12711972&dopt=Abstract

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Augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Kinnebrew M. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1995 September; 3(2): 39-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11873699&dopt=Abstract

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Augmentative rhinoplasty with an “auricular gibbus”. Author(s): Rodriguez-Camps S. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 May-June; 22(3): 196-205. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9618186&dopt=Abstract

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Auricular cartilage in revision rhinoplasty. Author(s): Becker DG, Becker SS, Saad AA. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2003 February; 19(1): 41-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12739181&dopt=Abstract

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Bacteriemia in septoplasty and septorhinoplasty surgery. Author(s): Kaygusuz I, Kizirgil A, Karlidag T, Yalcin S, Keles E, Yakupogullari Y, Alpay C. Source: Rhinology. 2003 June; 41(2): 76-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12868371&dopt=Abstract

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Biomaterials in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Vuyk HD, Adamson PA. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 1998 June; 23(3): 209-17. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9669068&dopt=Abstract

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Body dysmorphic disorder: a controlled study of patients requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Jerome L. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992 April; 149(4): 577-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1554057&dopt=Abstract

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Calvarial bone grafts for augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Baser B, Shahani R, Khanna S, Grewal DS. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1991 December; 105(12): 1018-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1787353&dopt=Abstract

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Carotico-cavernous fistula following septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Pothula VB, Reddy KT, Nixon TE. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1999 September; 113(9): 844-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10664691&dopt=Abstract

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Cartilage chips synthesized with fibrin glue in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Fontana A, Muti E, Cicerale D, Rizzotti M. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1991 Summer; 15(3): 237-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1897418&dopt=Abstract

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Cartilage grafts in open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Arden RL, Crumley RL. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1993 October; 9(4): 285-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8181768&dopt=Abstract

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Cephalometric analysis and postoperative results in aesthetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Fruscella P. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1997 March-April; 21(2): 79-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9143420&dopt=Abstract

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Cerclage suture method for closed-tip rhinoplasty. Author(s): Cutting CB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 November; 104(6): 1839-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10541190&dopt=Abstract

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Changes in nasal tip projection and rotation after septorhinoplasty: a cephalometric analysis. Author(s): Werther JR, Freeman JP. Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1998 June; 56(6): 728-32; Discussion 733. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9632331&dopt=Abstract

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Chin augmentation. An important adjunctive procedure to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Stambaugh KI. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1992 July; 118(7): 682-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1627285&dopt=Abstract

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Choking spells following septorhinoplasty secondary to displaced nasal packing. Author(s): Yanagisawa E, Latorre R. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1995 November; 74(11): 744-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8536560&dopt=Abstract

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Chondroplastic graft augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Spencer MG. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1990 July; 104(7): 539-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2384709&dopt=Abstract

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Classification and correction of alar-columellar discrepancies in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ, Friedman RM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1996 March; 97(3): 643-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8596800&dopt=Abstract

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Cleft lip rhinoplasty: the role of bone and cartilage grafts. Author(s): Ortiz Monasterio F, Ruas EJ. Source: Clin Plast Surg. 1989 January; 16(1): 177-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2647343&dopt=Abstract

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Clonidine as premedication for rhinoplasty. Author(s): Britto JA, McCoy D, Fourie LR. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 August; 100(2): 548-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9252634&dopt=Abstract

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Closed versus open rhinoplasty--and the debate goes on. Author(s): Sheen JH. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 March; 99(3): 859-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9047208&dopt=Abstract

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Columella incision in open rhinoplasty in blacks. Author(s): Ofodile F, Bokhari FJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1992 May; 89(5): 991-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1561275&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of total intravenous, balanced inhalational and combined intravenousinhalational anaesthesia for tympanoplasty, septorhinoplasty and adenotonsillectomy. Author(s): Van den Berg AA, Savva D, Honjol NM, Prabhu NV. Source: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1995 October; 23(5): 574-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8787257&dopt=Abstract

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Complications following implantation or transplantation in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Stoll W. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 January; 13(1): 45-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9243978&dopt=Abstract

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Computer imaging and patient satisfaction in rhinoplasty surgery. Author(s): Sharp HR, Tingay RS, Coman S, Mills V, Roberts DN. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 December; 116(12): 1009-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537613&dopt=Abstract

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Concurrent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rizk SS, Edelstein DR, Matarasso A. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1997 April; 38(4): 323-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9111889&dopt=Abstract

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Conservative subtraction-addition rhinoplasty. Author(s): Younger RA. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 October; 117(4): 330-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9339792&dopt=Abstract

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Considerations before rhinoplasty. Author(s): Correa AJ, Sykes JM, Ries WR. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 February; 32(1): 7-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10196435&dopt=Abstract

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Correction of intrinsic nasal tip asymmetries in primary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Griffin JR. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 November; 112(6): 1699-712; Discussion 713-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14578805&dopt=Abstract

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Correction of the bony rings during the aesthetic rhinoplasty: apologia of the transpalpebral osteotomy. Author(s): Amar RE. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 January-February; 22(1): 29-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9456352&dopt=Abstract

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Correction of the skeletal nasal base in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Epker BN. Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1991 September; 49(9): 938-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1653312&dopt=Abstract

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Correction of the twisted nose deformity: a surgical algorithm using the external rhinoplasty approach. Author(s): Hwang PH, Maas CS. Source: American Journal of Rhinology. 1998 May-June; 12(3): 213-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9653481&dopt=Abstract

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Cosmetic rhinoplasty in body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Veale D, De Haro L, Lambrou C. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2003 September; 56(6): 546-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12946372&dopt=Abstract

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Cosmetic rhinoplasty using the external approach. Author(s): Perlman PW, Nathan MJ. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1991 July; 70(7): 425-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1914962&dopt=Abstract

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Crushed cartilage grafts over alar dome reduction in open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Hamra ST. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 February; 105(2): 792-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10697194&dopt=Abstract

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Crushed cartilage grafts over alar dome reduction in open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Hamra ST. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1993 August; 92(2): 352-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8337289&dopt=Abstract

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Current trends in rhinoplasty and the nasal airway. Author(s): Godley FA, Nemeroff RF, Josephson JS. Source: The Medical Clinics of North America. 1993 May; 77(3): 643-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8492616&dopt=Abstract

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Dacron implants in rhinoplasty: a review of 136 cases of tip and dorsum implants. Author(s): Fanous N, Samaha M, Yoskovitch A. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 July-September; 4(3): 149-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167072&dopt=Abstract

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Day case rhinoplasty. Author(s): Banfield GK, McKiernan D, Hinton AE. Source: J R Army Med Corps. 2000 October; 146(3): 212-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11143691&dopt=Abstract

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Death of a tooth after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Drumheller GW. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1995 March; 95(3): 596. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7870790&dopt=Abstract

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Death of a tooth after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bergmeyer JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1994 June; 93(7): 1529. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7710480&dopt=Abstract

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Demineralized bone grafts in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Levine B, Berman WE. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1995 April; 74(4): 222-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7758419&dopt=Abstract

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Dental alginate for taking impressions of the nose prior to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Wood DL. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 January; 99(1): 269-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8982230&dopt=Abstract

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Differing characteristics in 100 consecutive secondary rhinoplasty patients following closed versus open surgical approaches. Author(s): Constantian MB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 May; 109(6): 2097-111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11994620&dopt=Abstract

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Digital photography for rhinoplasty. Author(s): Russell P, Nduka C. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 March; 111(3): 1366. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621226&dopt=Abstract

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Digital photography for rhinoplasty. Author(s): Galdino GM, DaSilva And D, Gunter JP. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 April 1; 109(4): 1421-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11965003&dopt=Abstract

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Distant effects of dorsal and tip grafting in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Constantian MB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1992 September; 90(3): 405-18; Discussion 419-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1513886&dopt=Abstract

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Does rhinoplasty make the nose more susceptible to fracture? Author(s): Vinnik CA. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1995 February; 95(2): 416. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7710506&dopt=Abstract

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Does rhinoplasty make the nose more susceptible to fracture? Author(s): Guyuron B, Zarandy S. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1994 February; 93(2): 313-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7710463&dopt=Abstract

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Dorsal nasal cyst formation. A rare complication of cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Harley EH, Erdman JP. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1990 January; 116(1): 105-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2294930&dopt=Abstract

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Dynamic interplays during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Guyuron B. Source: Clin Plast Surg. 1996 April; 23(2): 223-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8726422&dopt=Abstract

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Dynamic rhinoplasty for the plunging nasal tip: functional unity of the inferior third of the nose. Author(s): O'Keeffe PJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 November; 108(6): 1825-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11711981&dopt=Abstract

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Dynamic rhinoplasty for the plunging nasal tip: functional unity of the inferior third of the nose. Author(s): Arregui JS, Elejalde MV, Regalado J, Ezquerra F, Berrazueta M. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 December; 106(7): 1624-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129196&dopt=Abstract

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Dynamics in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Guyuron B. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 May; 105(6): 2257-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10839427&dopt=Abstract

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Dynamics of rhinoplasty. Author(s): Guyuron B. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1991 December; 88(6): 970-8; Discussion 979. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1946779&dopt=Abstract

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Early secondary corrections after septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Szalay L. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1996 September-October; 20(5): 429-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8849436&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of aesthetic rhinoplasty on respiratory functions. Author(s): Kocer U. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2001 May-June; 25(3): 202-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11426314&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of esthetic illusions on rhinoplasty assessment. Author(s): Mendelsohn MS, Tew P. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1998 August; 27(4): 228-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9711519&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of nasal valve surgery by open-septorhinoplasty and lateral cartilage grafts (spreader grafts) on snoring among a population of single snorers. Preliminary report. Author(s): Bertrand B, Eloy P, Collet S, Lamarque Ch, Rombaux P. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2002; 56(2): 149-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12092324&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of single-dose steroid usage on edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative bleeding in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Kara CO, Gokalan I. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 December; 104(7): 2213-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11149790&dopt=Abstract

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Elliptical horizontal excision and repair of alar cartilage in open-approach rhinoplasty to correct cartilaginous tip deformities. Author(s): Massiha H. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 January; 101(1): 177-82; Discussion 1834. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9427935&dopt=Abstract

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Endoscopic control during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Mitz V. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1994 Spring; 18(2): 153-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8017218&dopt=Abstract

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Endoscopically assisted, intraorally approached corrective rhinoplasty. Author(s): Kim JT, Kim SK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 July; 108(1): 199-205; Discussion 206-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11420524&dopt=Abstract

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Endoscopic-powered rhinoplasty. Author(s): Krouse JH. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1999 October; 28(5): 282-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10579159&dopt=Abstract

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Endoscopy-assisted rhinoplasty. Author(s): Tasca I. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 July-September; 4(3): 190-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167079&dopt=Abstract

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Ethnic profile of patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty in Stockholm. Author(s): Niechajev I, Haraldsson PO. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1997 May-June; 21(3): 139-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9204171&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of nasal obstruction in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Canady JW. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1994 September; 94(3): 555-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8047612&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of the results of delayed rhinoplasty in cleft lip and palate patients. Functional and aesthetic implications and factors that affect successful nasal repair. Author(s): Anastassov GE, Joos U, Zollner B. Source: The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1998 December; 36(6): 41624. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9881782&dopt=Abstract

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Experience with a three-point method for planning rhinoplasty. Author(s): Constantian MB. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1993 January; 30(1): 1-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8333681&dopt=Abstract

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Extended incision in open-approach rhinoplasty for asians. Author(s): Han SK, Woo HS, Kim WK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 May; 109(6): 2087-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11994619&dopt=Abstract

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Extended open-tip rhinoplasty with three V-flaps for secondary correction of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Author(s): Chen TH, Chen YR. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1996 November; 37(5): 482-8; Discussion 488-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8937600&dopt=Abstract

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External cantilever sling in septorhinoplasty: a new technique. Author(s): Numanoglu A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 July; 100(1): 250-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9207683&dopt=Abstract

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External osteotomy in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Giacomarra V, Russolo M, Arnez ZM, Tirelli G. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2001 March; 111(3): 433-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11224772&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty approach for extirpation and immediate reconstruction of congenital midline nasal dermoids. Author(s): Mankarious LA, Smith RJ. Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 1998 September; 107(9 Pt 1): 786-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9749549&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty approach for repair of posttraumatic nasal deformity. Author(s): Werther JR. Source: J Craniomaxillofac Trauma. 1996 Winter; 2(4): 12-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11951444&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty approach for septal perforation. Author(s): van Kempen MJ, Jorissen M. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1997; 51(2): 79-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9241372&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty. Comparison of two approaches. Author(s): Farrow JS, Atkins J. Source: Rhinology. 1993 September; 31(3): 113-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8256078&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty: a critical analysis of 500 cases. Author(s): Foda HM. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2003 June; 117(6): 473-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12818057&dopt=Abstract

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External rhinoplasty: its role in aesthetic and functional surgery of the nose. Author(s): Draf W, Schauss F. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1995 July; 11(3): 228-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9046610&dopt=Abstract

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External septorhinoplasty in children. Author(s): Nunez DA. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1995 May; 121(5): 590. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7727096&dopt=Abstract

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External septorhinoplasty in children: Outcome and effect on growth of septal excision and reimplantation. Author(s): Walker PJ, Crysdale WS, Farkas LG. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1993 September; 119(9): 984-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8357599&dopt=Abstract

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External septorhinoplasty in children: patient selection and surgical technique. Author(s): Crysdale WS, Walker PJ. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1994 February; 23(1): 28-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8170016&dopt=Abstract

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Extracorporeal septoplasty combined with open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Senyuva C, Yucel A, Aydin Y, Okur I, Guzel Z. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1997 July-August; 21(4): 233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9263543&dopt=Abstract

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Extramucosal rhinoplasty with videoscopic assistance. Author(s): Abramo AC, Filbo DA, Casas SG. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 January-February; 22(1): 25-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9456351&dopt=Abstract

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Extrusion of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Herbst A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 July; 104(1): 295-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10597709&dopt=Abstract

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False aneurysm after rhinoplasty: an unusual complication. Author(s): Hamdan AL, Fuleihan N, Shreif J. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 June; 122(6): 923-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10828812&dopt=Abstract

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Five-year follow-up of cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Ercolani M, Baldaro B, Rossi N, Trombini G. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1999 September; 47(3): 283-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10576477&dopt=Abstract

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Four common anatomic variants that predispose to unfavorable rhinoplasty results: a study based on 150 consecutive secondary rhinoplasties. Author(s): Constantian MB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 January; 105(1): 316-31; Discussion 3323. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10627002&dopt=Abstract

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Function of the nasal muscles in normal subjects assessed by dynamic MRI and EMG: its relevance to rhinoplasty surgery. Author(s): Clark MP, Greenfield B, Hunt N, Hall-Craggs M, McGrouther DA. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 June; 101(7): 1945-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9623842&dopt=Abstract

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Functional rhinoplasty. Author(s): Aarstad RF, Hoasjoe DK, Stucker FJ. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1994 October; 10(4): 322-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7713450&dopt=Abstract

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Functional septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Robinson RC. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1995 September; 3(2): 27-38. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11873698&dopt=Abstract

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Fundamental terms, considerations, and approaches in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Alexander RW. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1995 September; 3(2): 15-25. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11873697&dopt=Abstract

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Gore-tex augmentation grafting in rhinoplasty--is it safe? Author(s): Mendelsohn M, Dunlop G. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1998 December; 27(6): 337-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9857319&dopt=Abstract

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Grafts amd implants in rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction. Author(s): Lovice DB, Mingrone MD, Toriumi DM. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 February; 32(1): 113-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10196441&dopt=Abstract

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Grafts in rhinoplasty: alloplastic vs. autogenous. Author(s): Parker Porter J. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2000 April; 126(4): 558-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10772319&dopt=Abstract

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Grafts in rhinoplasty: autogenous grafts are superior to alloplastic. Author(s): Adamson PA. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2000 April; 126(4): 561-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10772320&dopt=Abstract

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Graphic record-keeping in rhinoplasty: a valuable self-learning device. Author(s): Tardy ME Jr, Broadway D. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1989 Winter; 6(2): 108-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2487865&dopt=Abstract

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Hispanic rhinoplasty in the United States, with emphasis on the Mexican American nose. Author(s): Daniel RK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 July; 112(1): 244-56; Discussion 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12832902&dopt=Abstract

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How to assess the nose for rhinoplasty. Author(s): Willett JM. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1996 February; 25(1): 23-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8816105&dopt=Abstract

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Illusions in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Younger RA. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 August; 32(4): 637-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10433660&dopt=Abstract

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Illusions in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Tardy ME Jr, Becker D, Weinberger M. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1995 July; 11(3): 117-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9046602&dopt=Abstract

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Implants in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Maas CS, Monhian N, Shah SB. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 279-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656882&dopt=Abstract

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Importance of the depressor septi nasal muscle in rhinoplasty: anatomic study and clinical application. Author(s): Preceruti P. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 April 1; 107(4): 1081-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11277124&dopt=Abstract

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Importance of the depressor septi nasi muscle in rhinoplasty: anatomic study and clinical application. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Huynh B, Muzaffar AR, Adams WP Jr, Robinson JB Jr. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 January; 105(1): 376-83; Discussion 3848. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10627007&dopt=Abstract

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Importance of the nasal-to-cervical relationship to the profile in rhinoplasty surgery. Author(s): Greer SE, Matarasso A, Wallach SG, Simon G, Longaker MT. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 August; 108(2): 522-31; Discussion 5325. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11496199&dopt=Abstract

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Incision and scar analysis in open (external) rhinoplasty. Author(s): Adamson PA, Smith O, Tropper GJ. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1990 June; 116(6): 671-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2340118&dopt=Abstract

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Incisive canal and pterygopalatine fossa injection for hemostasis in septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Williams WT, Ghorayeb BY. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1990 November; 100(11): 1245-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2233092&dopt=Abstract

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Increasing the length of the middle crura for better tip projection in primary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Garcia-Velasco J, Vidal JT, Garcia-Casas S. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 July-August; 22(4): 253-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9688786&dopt=Abstract

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Indications and use of composite grafts in 100 consecutive secondary and tertiary rhinoplasty patients: introduction of the axial orientation. Author(s): Constantian MB. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 September 15; 110(4): 1116-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12198427&dopt=Abstract

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Infraorbital nerve palsy after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Meyer M, Moss AL, Cullen KW. Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1990 May; 18(4): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2358507&dopt=Abstract

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Interdomal fat pad: an important anatomical structure in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Sun GK, Lee DS, Glasgold AI. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2000 October-December; 2(4): 260-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11074721&dopt=Abstract

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Internal stabilization of autogenous rib cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty: a barrier to cartilage warping. Author(s): Gunter JP, Clark CP, Friedman RM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 July; 100(1): 161-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9207674&dopt=Abstract

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Interrupted and continuous strip technique for tip surgery during traditional rhinoplasty. Author(s): Micheli-Pellegrini V, Ponti L, Ponti G, Guidarelli P. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1996 October; 12(4): 347-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9243970&dopt=Abstract

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Intraoperative anaphylactic shock from bacitracin nasal packing after septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Gall R, Blakley B, Warrington R, Bell DD. Source: Anesthesiology. 1999 November; 91(5): 1545-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10551613&dopt=Abstract

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Intrinsic nasal muscles and their electromyographic evaluation after external septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Ozturan O, Ozcan C, Miman MC. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2001 October; 125(4): 332-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11593167&dopt=Abstract

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Irradiated homologous costal cartilage for augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Lefkovits G. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1990 October; 25(4): 317-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2244744&dopt=Abstract

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Is packing after septorhinoplasty necessary? A randomized study. Author(s): Guyuron B. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1989 July; 84(1): 41-4; Discussion 45-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2734402&dopt=Abstract

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Lambda-shaped implant for augmentation of anterior nasal spine in Asian rhinoplasty as an ancillary procedure. Author(s): Park HS. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2001 January-February; 25(1): 8-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11322402&dopt=Abstract

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Late arterial insufficiency in a toe-to-finger transplantation following infiltration anesthesia with articaine plus epinephrine during septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Kostakoglu N, Kayikcioglu A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 April; 101(4): 1146. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9514353&dopt=Abstract

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Lateral crural strut graft: technique and clinical applications in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Gunter JP, Friedman RM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 April; 99(4): 943-52; Discussion 953-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9091939&dopt=Abstract

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Lateral crus sculpturing in open rhinoplasty: the Delicate Alar Clamp. Author(s): Meneghini F, Gottarelli P. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2002 March-April; 26(2): 73-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12016488&dopt=Abstract

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Less is more: a conservative approach to male rhinoplasty. Author(s): Ely JF. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1996 Winter; 20(1): 23-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8746466&dopt=Abstract

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Linear scleroderma after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Ozgur F, Kayikcioglu A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 February; 101(2): 539-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9462795&dopt=Abstract

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Lipogranulomas as complications of septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Rettinger G, Steininger H. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1997 August; 123(8): 809-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9260544&dopt=Abstract

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Local anesthesia in rhinoplasty: a new twist? Author(s): Metzinger SE, Bailey DJ, Boyce RG, Lyons GD. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1992 September; 71(9): 405-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1330485&dopt=Abstract

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Magnetic resonance imaging in primary and secondary septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Mocella S, Bianchi N, Cerini R, Beltramello A. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1996 October; 12(4): 321-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9243968&dopt=Abstract

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Male rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Janis JE, Kenkel JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 September 15; 112(4): 1071-85; Quiz 1086. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12973227&dopt=Abstract

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Management of the nasal tip by open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Raspall G, Gonzalez-Lagunas J. Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1996 June; 24(3): 145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8842904&dopt=Abstract

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Management of the septum during rhinoplasty. Author(s): de la Fuente A, Martin del Yerro JL. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1995 September-October; 19(5): 455-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8526163&dopt=Abstract

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Mersilene tip implants in rhinoplasty: a review of 98 cases. Author(s): Fanous N. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1991 April; 87(4): 662-71; Discussion 672-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2008464&dopt=Abstract

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Method for middle vault reconstruction in primary rhinoplasty: upper lateral cartilage bending. Author(s): Seyhan A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 December; 100(7): 1941-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9393510&dopt=Abstract

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Mishaps in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bull TR. Source: Rhinol Suppl. 1989; 9: 73-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2627532&dopt=Abstract

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Modified universal tiplasty: closed structure rhinoplasty as it pertains to the overprojected and the broad tip. Author(s): Tobias GW. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1994 October; 10(4): 389-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7713456&dopt=Abstract

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Motivation for rhinoplasty: changes in 5970 cases, in three groups, 1964 to 1997. Author(s): Shulman O, Westreich M, Shulman J. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 November-December; 22(6): 420-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9852174&dopt=Abstract

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Mucous cyst formation after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Romo T 3rd, Rizk SS, Suh GD. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 1999 July-September; 1(3): 208-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937106&dopt=Abstract

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Mucous cyst of the alar base: a rare complication following rhinoplasty. Author(s): Raine C, Williamson SL, McLean NR. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2003 March; 56(2): 176-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12791369&dopt=Abstract

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Mucous cyst: postrhinoplasty complication. Author(s): Flaherty G, Pestalardo CM, Iturralde JG, Laguinge R. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1996 Winter; 20(1): 29-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8746467&dopt=Abstract

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Mucous cyst--a postrhinoplasty complication: outcome and prevention. Author(s): Kotzur A, Gubisch W. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1997 August; 100(2): 520-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9252625&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal airflow after septorhinoplasty. Author(s): McKee GJ, O'Neill G, Roberts C, Lesser TH. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 1994 June; 19(3): 254-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7923851&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal dermoid sinus cysts and the role of open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bilkay U, Gundogan H, Ozek C, Tokat C, Gurler T, Songur E, Cagdas A. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2001 July; 47(1): 8-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11756796&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal dorsal cyst after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Zijlker TD, Vuyk HD. Source: Rhinology. 1993 June; 31(2): 89-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8362177&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal lining flaps in contemporary reconstructive rhinoplasty. Author(s): Baker SR. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1998; 14(2): 133-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11816203&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal packing in rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty: it is wiser to avoid. Author(s): Camirand A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 September; 104(4): 1198. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10654767&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal packing in rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty: it is wiser to avoid. Author(s): Yavuzer R, Jackson IT. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 March; 103(3): 1081-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10077111&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal symmetry after primary cleft lip repair: comparison between Delaire cheilorhinoplasty and modified rotation-advancement. Author(s): Horswell BB, Pospisil OA. Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1995 September; 53(9): 1025-30; Discussion 1031-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7643272&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tampon packing in rhinoplasty: a simple and safe method of hemostasis. Author(s): Lusthaus SN, Benmeir P, Neuman A, Weinberg A, Talisman R, Wexler MR. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1992 November; 29(5): 469-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1444141&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tip augmentation with cartilage graft in aesthetic rhinoplasty: an accurate placement. Author(s): Wexler MR, Neuman AR, Weinberg A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1990 October; 86(4): 812. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2217614&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tip blood supply: an anatomic study validating the safety of the transcolumellar incision in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Gunter JP, Friedman RM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1995 April; 95(5): 795-9; Discussion 800-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7708862&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tip blood supply: confirming the safety of the transcolumellar incision in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Muzaffar AR, Gunter JP. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 December; 106(7): 1640-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129198&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tip bossae in rhinoplasty. Etiology, predisposing factors, and management techniques. Author(s): Gillman GS, Simons RL, Lee DJ. Source: Arch Facial Plast Surg. 1999 April-June;1(2):83-9. Erratum In: Arch Facial Plast Surg 1999 July-September;1(3):170. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937083&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal tip projection. Quantitative changes following rhinoplasty. Author(s): Petroff MA, McCollough EG, Hom D, Anderson JR. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1991 July; 117(7): 783-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1863446&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal valve obstruction complicating rhinoplasty: prevention and treatment. Part I. Author(s): Broker BJ, Berman WE. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1997 February; 76(2): 77-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9046694&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal valve obstruction complicating rhinoplasty: prevention and treatment. Part II. Author(s): Broker BJ, Berman WE. Source: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 1997 March; 76(3): 130-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9086639&dopt=Abstract

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Nasion graft in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bortnick E. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1989 August; 84(2): 366. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2748754&dopt=Abstract

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Necrotizing periorbital cellulitis following septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Moscona R, Ullmann Y, Peled I. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1991 Spring; 15(2): 187-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2035370&dopt=Abstract

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New retractor for open rhinoplasty. Author(s): Becker FF. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1992 May; 118(5): 514-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1571125&dopt=Abstract

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New technique for nasal tip cartilage graft in primary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Adham MN. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 August; 110(2): 693-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12142698&dopt=Abstract

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Nose surgery (rhinoplasty) without external immobilization and without internal packing: a review of 812 cases. Author(s): Camirand A, Doucet J, Harris J. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 July-August; 22(4): 245-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9688785&dopt=Abstract

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On the “let-down” procedure in septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Pinto RM. Source: Rhinology. 1997 December; 35(4): 178-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9532639&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty and nasal spine. Author(s): Labrakis G. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1989 November; 84(5): 854. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2813599&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty approach to the deviated nose. Author(s): Maguire AJ. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1989 Winter; 6(2): 83-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2487869&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty through a forked flap incision. Author(s): Mavili ME, Tuncali D. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1999 July-August; 23(4): 247-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10441713&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty without skin-columella incision. Author(s): Guerrerosantos J. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1990 June; 85(6): 955-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2190249&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty without transcolumellar incision. Author(s): Holmstrom H, Luzi F. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1996 February; 97(2): 321-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8559814&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty: columellar scar analysis in an Arabian population. Author(s): Bafaqeeh SA, Al-Qattan MM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 September; 102(4): 1226-8; Discussion 1229. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9734449&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty: effectiveness of different tripplasty techniques to increase nasal tip projection. Author(s): Bafaqeeh SA. Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology. 2000 July-August; 21(4): 231-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937908&dopt=Abstract

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Open rhinoplasty: its past and future. Author(s): Smith O, Goodman W. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1993 February; 22(1): 21-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8445697&dopt=Abstract

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Open septorhinoplasty approach for the excision of a dermoid cyst and sinus with primary dorsal reconstruction. Author(s): Loke DK, Woolford TJ. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2001 August; 115(8): 657-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11535151&dopt=Abstract

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Open septorhinoplasty. Experiences in 200 patients. Author(s): Vuyk HD, Olde Kalter P. Source: Rhinology. 1993 December; 31(4): 175-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8140384&dopt=Abstract

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Open structure rhinoplasty. Author(s): Zijlker TD, Adamson PA. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 1993 April; 18(2): 125-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8508543&dopt=Abstract

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Open tip rhinoplasty along with the repair of cleft lip in cleft lip and palate cases. Author(s): Thomas C, Mishra P. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2000 January; 53(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10657441&dopt=Abstract

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Open tip rhinoplasty. Author(s): Chen KT, Noordhoff MS. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1992 February; 28(2): 119-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1567114&dopt=Abstract

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Orbital abscess after rhinoplasty. Author(s): Erdogan B, Gorgu M, Gurlek A, Karaca C, Deren O. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1994 September; 94(3): 528-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8047606&dopt=Abstract

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Orbital apex syndrome: a rare complication of septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Jaison SG, Bhatty SM, Chopra SK, Satija V. Source: Indian J Ophthalmol. 1994 December; 42(4): 213-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10577002&dopt=Abstract

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Orbital hemorrhage during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Hunts JH, Patrinely JR, Stal S. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1996 December; 37(6): 618-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8988774&dopt=Abstract

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Our “idees fixes” in rhinoplasty: the naso-frontal angle and the alar lateral crus. Author(s): Fontana AM, Muti E. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2001 January-February; 25(1): 1-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11322390&dopt=Abstract

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Paraffinoma or postrhinoplasty mucous cyst of the nose: which is it? Author(s): Gryskiewicz JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 December; 108(7): 2160-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11743430&dopt=Abstract

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Paraffinoma revisited: a post-operative condition following rhinoplasty nasal packing. Author(s): Montgomery PQ, Khan JI, Feakins R, Nield DV. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1996 August; 110(8): 785-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8869618&dopt=Abstract

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Paraffinoma--a complication of Jelonet packs following rhinoplasty. Author(s): Mehendale FV, Sommerlad BC. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2001 March; 54(2): 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11207137&dopt=Abstract

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Paranasal mucous cyst: a rare finding following septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Karapantzos I, Behrmann R, Simaskos N. Source: Rhinology. 1999 December; 37(4): 190-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10670036&dopt=Abstract

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Patient benefit from functional and cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): McKiernan DC, Banfield G, Kumar R, Hinton AE. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2001 February; 26(1): 50-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11298168&dopt=Abstract

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Patient satisfaction following rhinoplasty. Author(s): Guyuron B, Bokhari F. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1996 March-April; 20(2): 153-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8801805&dopt=Abstract

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Percutaneous osteotomy in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bull TR. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 May; 107(6): 1624-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11347574&dopt=Abstract

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Perforating osteotomies in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Goldfarb M, Gallups JM, Gerwin JM. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1993 June; 119(6): 624-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8499091&dopt=Abstract

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Philosophical pitfalls in cosmetic surgery: a case of rhinoplasty during adolescence. Author(s): Hilhorst MT. Source: Medical Humanities. 2002 December; 28(2): 61-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12817599&dopt=Abstract

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Photo documentation in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Staffel JG. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 317-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656886&dopt=Abstract

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Polyethylene oxide gel. A new intranasal dressing after septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Salassa JR, Pearson BW. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1991 December; 117(12): 1365-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1845263&dopt=Abstract

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Postauricular cartilage storage in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Deren O, Gorgu M, Ayhan M, Tuncel A, Erdogan B. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2002 March-April; 26(2): 81-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12016490&dopt=Abstract

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Postrhinoplasty mucous cyst of the nose. Author(s): Dini M, Innocenti A, Agostini V. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 March; 107(3): 885-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11314662&dopt=Abstract

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Postrhinoplasty nasal cysts and the use of petroleum-based ointments and nasal packing. Author(s): Liu ES, Kridel RW. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 July; 112(1): 282-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12832906&dopt=Abstract

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Powered instrumentation for rhinoplasty and septoplasty. Author(s): Becker DG, Park SS, Toriumi DM. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 August; 32(4): 683-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10433663&dopt=Abstract

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Predictability of the computer imaging system in primary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bronz G. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1994 Spring; 18(2): 175-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8017222&dopt=Abstract

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Premaxillary augmentation: adjunct to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Fanous N, Yoskovitch A. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 September; 106(3): 707-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10987482&dopt=Abstract

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Preoperative rhinoplasty: evaluation and analysis. Author(s): Tardy ME Jr, Dayan S, Hecht D. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2002 February; 35(1): 1-27, V. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11781205&dopt=Abstract

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Primary unilateral cleft lip repair without primary rhinoplasty. A preliminary report. Author(s): Butow KW. Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1990 January; 18(1): 14-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2303547&dopt=Abstract

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Principles for correcting the septum in septorhinoplasty: two-point fixation. Author(s): Jones NS. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1999 May; 113(5): 405-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10505151&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological complications of septo-rhinoplasty. Author(s): Hinni ML, Kern EB. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 January; 13(1): 71-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9243981&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological reactions to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rees TD. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 March; 101(3): 873-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9500434&dopt=Abstract

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Psychosocial impact of cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Haraldsson P. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1999 May-June; 23(3): 170-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10384015&dopt=Abstract

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Quantitative study of nasal tip support and the effect of reconstructive rhinoplasty. Author(s): Gassner HG, Remington WJ, Sherris DA. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2001 July-September; 3(3): 178-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11497502&dopt=Abstract

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Rationale for osteotome selection in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Lee HM, Kang HJ, Choi JH, Chae SW, Lee SH, Hwang SJ. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 December; 116(12): 1005-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12537612&dopt=Abstract

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Rationale for submucous resection of hypertrophied inferior turbinates in rhinoplasty: an evolution. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Krueger JK, Adams WP Jr, Marple BF. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 August; 108(2): 536-44; Discussion 5456. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11496202&dopt=Abstract

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Re: Rhinoplasty and OMFS. Author(s): Kumar M. Source: The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2003 June; 41(3): 206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12804561&dopt=Abstract

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Reconstructive rhinoplasty. Author(s): Park SS, Cook TA. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 309-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656885&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent bleeding following rhinoplasty due to factor XIII deficiency. Author(s): Karabulut AB, Aydin H, Mezdegi A, Ademoglu E. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 September 1; 108(3): 806-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11698876&dopt=Abstract

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Refining osteotomy techniques in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Conrad K, Gillman G. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1998 February; 27(1): 1-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9511112&dopt=Abstract

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Refractory facial cellulitis following cosmetic rhinoplasty after cord-blood stem cell transplantation. Author(s): Machida U, Tojo A, Ooi J, Iseki T, Nagayama H, Shirafuji N, Sawada M, Nakayama K, Tani K, Asano S. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2000 July; 72(1): 98-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10979217&dopt=Abstract

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Relative benefits of the versatile autogenous costal cartilage graft in septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Sherris DA. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 July-September; 4(3): 177-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167076&dopt=Abstract

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Revision rhinoplasty for monographs in facial plastic surgery contemporary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Farrior EH. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 299-308. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656884&dopt=Abstract

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Revision rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bagal AA, Adamson PA. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 November; 18(4): 233-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524595&dopt=Abstract

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Revision rhinoplasty: review of deformities, aetiology and treatment strategies. Author(s): Vuyk HD, Watts SJ, Vindayak B. Source: Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences. 2000 December; 25(6): 476-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11122283&dopt=Abstract

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Revisional rhinoplasty. Author(s): McCollough EG. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1995 September; 3(2): 79-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11873702&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty and nasal function in patients with cleft lips. Author(s): Rautio J, Vento S, Malmberg H. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery / Nordisk Plastikkirurgisk Forening [and] Nordisk Klubb for Handkirurgi. 2002; 36(5): 268-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12477084&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty as part of gender-confirming surgery in male transsexuals: basic considerations and clinical experience. Author(s): Hage JJ, Vossen M, Becking AG. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1997 September; 39(3): 266-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9326707&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty from the Goldman/Cottle schools to the present: a survey of 7447 personal cases. Author(s): Stucker FJ. Source: American Journal of Rhinology. 2003 January-February; 17(1): 23-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12693652&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty in achieving total facial harmony. Author(s): Heggie AA. Source: Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg. 1998 October; 14: 99-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10895620&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty in the African-American patient. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Muzaffar AR. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 March; 111(3): 1322-39; Discussion 1340-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621207&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty in unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Author(s): Foda HM, Bassyouni K. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2000 March; 114(3): 189-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10829106&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty. Author(s): Becker DG. Source: Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 2003; 13(3): 223-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14516187&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty. Introduction. Author(s): Waite PD. Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1995 September; 3(2): Ix-X. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11873703&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty: a simplified, three-stitch, open tip suture technique. Part I: primary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Daniel RK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 April; 103(5): 1491-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10190450&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty: a simplified, three-stitch, open tip suture technique. Part II: secondary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Daniel RK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 April; 103(5): 1503-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10190451&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty: large nostril/small tip disproportion. Author(s): Daniel RK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 June; 107(7): 1874-81; Discussion 18823. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11391212&dopt=Abstract

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Rhinoplasty: personal evolution and milestones. Author(s): Sheen JH. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 April; 105(5): 1820-52; Discussion 1853. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10809116&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary rhinoplasty in nasal deformity associated with the unilateral cleft lip. Author(s): Wang TD, Madorsky SJ. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 1999 January-March; 1(1): 40-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937075&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary rhinoplasty in the bilateral cleft. Author(s): Nolst Trenite GJ. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 August; 18(3): 179-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12152136&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary rhinoplasty using flying-bird and vestibular tornado incisions for unilateral cleft lip patients. Author(s): Matsuya T, Iida S, Kogo M. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 August; 112(2): 390-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12900595&dopt=Abstract

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Secondary rhinoplasty: analysis of the deformity and guidelines for management. Author(s): Mazzola RF, Felisati G. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 July; 13(3): 163-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9558526&dopt=Abstract

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Septorhinoplasty in children: benefits of the external approach. Author(s): Triglia JM, Cannoni M, Pech A. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1990 August; 19(4): 274-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2214002&dopt=Abstract

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Septorhinoplasty under general anaesthesia. Author(s): Anderson PJ, Nizam M. Source: Rhinology. 1998 December; 36(4): 204. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9923067&dopt=Abstract

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Septorhinoplasty. Form versus function. Author(s): Holt GR. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 February; 32(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10196434&dopt=Abstract

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Short columella nasolabial complex in aesthetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Mottura AA. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2001 July-August; 25(4): 266-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11568829&dopt=Abstract

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Short-term outcome of rhinoplasty for medical or cosmetic indication. Author(s): Ercolani M, Baldaro B, Rossi N, Trombini E, Trombini G. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1999 September; 47(3): 277-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10576476&dopt=Abstract

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Silicone implant in augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Zeng Y, Wu W, Yu H, Yang J, Chen G. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2002 November; 49(5): 495-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12439017&dopt=Abstract

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Silicone implants in augmentation rhinoplasty. Author(s): Zeng Y, Wu W, Yu H, Yang J, Chen G. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2002 March-April; 26(2): 85-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12016491&dopt=Abstract

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Silicone in nasal augmentation rhinoplasty: a decade of clinical experience. Author(s): Deva AK, Merten S, Chang L. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1998 September; 102(4): 1230-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9734450&dopt=Abstract

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Simultaneous open rhinoplasty and alar base excision: is there a problem with the blood supply of the nasal tip and columellar skin? Author(s): Bafaqeeh SA, Al-Qattan MM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2000 January; 105(1): 344-7; Discussion 3489. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10627004&dopt=Abstract

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Simultaneous rhinoplasty and maxillomandibular osteotomies: Indications and contraindications. Author(s): Ronchi P, Chiapasco M. Source: Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998; 13(2): 153-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9743648&dopt=Abstract

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Sociological aspects of rhinoplasty. Author(s): Babuccu O, Latifoglu O, Atabay K, Oral N, Cosan B. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2003 January-February; 27(1): 44-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12789458&dopt=Abstract

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Structural grafting in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Quatela VC, Jacono AA. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 November; 18(4): 223-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524594&dopt=Abstract

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Structural grafting in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Dyer WK 2nd, Yune ME. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1997 October; 13(4): 269-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9656881&dopt=Abstract

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Subconjunctival ecchymosis due to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Kara CO, Kara IG, Yaylali V. Source: Rhinology. 2001 September; 39(3): 166-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11721509&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical anatomy of the nose in the elderly: value of conservative rhinoplasty by transoral route. Author(s): Vacher C, Accioli J, Lezy JP. Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : Sra. 2002 August-September; 24(3-4): 140-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12532920&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical treatment of the nasolabial angle in balanced rhinoplasty. Author(s): Honrado CP, Pearlman SJ. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2003 July-August; 5(4): 338-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12873873&dopt=Abstract

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The advanced rhinoplasty course. Author(s): Watson D. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 1999 October-December; 1(4): 322-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937125&dopt=Abstract

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The alar contour graft: correction and prevention of alar rim deformities in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Raniere J Jr, Ha RY. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2002 June; 109(7): 2495-505; Discussion 25068. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12045582&dopt=Abstract

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The Asian nose: augmentation rhinoplasty with L-shaped silicone implants. Author(s): McCurdy JA Jr. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 November; 18(4): 245-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12524596&dopt=Abstract

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The 'butterfly' graft in functional secondary rhinoplasty. Author(s): Clark JM, Cook TA. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2002 November; 112(11): 1917-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12439155&dopt=Abstract

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The evolution of open structure rhinoplasty. Author(s): Whitaker EG, Johnson CM Jr. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2003 July-August; 5(4): 291-300. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12873866&dopt=Abstract

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The lateral osteotomy in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Gryskiewicz JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 January; 107(1): 290. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11216599&dopt=Abstract

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The nasal base in cleft lip rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rettinger G, O'Connell M. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 2002 August; 18(3): 165-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12152135&dopt=Abstract

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The potential pitfalls of concurrent rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery. Author(s): Millman B, Smith R. Source: The Laryngoscope. 2002 July; 112(7 Pt 1): 1193-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12169897&dopt=Abstract

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The powered rasp: advanced instrumentation for rhinoplasty. Author(s): Becker DG. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 October-December; 4(4): 267-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12437435&dopt=Abstract

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The radix graft in cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Johnson CM Jr, Alsarraf R. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2001 April-June; 3(2): 120-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368665&dopt=Abstract

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The radix graft in cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Becker DG, Pastorek NJ. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2001 April-June; 3(2): 115-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11368664&dopt=Abstract

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The role of open rhinoplasty in the management of nasal dermoid cysts. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Lowe JB, Schwartz MR. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 December; 104(7): 2163-70; Quiz 2171. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11149785&dopt=Abstract

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The tongue-in-groove technique in septorhinoplasty. A 10-year experience. Author(s): Kridel RW, Scott BA, Foda HM. Source: Arch Facial Plast Surg. 1999 October-December;1(4):246-56; Discussion 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937111&dopt=Abstract

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The upper buccal sulcus approach, an alternative for post-trauma rhinoplasty. Author(s): Vacher C, Accioli de Vasconcellos JJ, Britto JA. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2003 April; 56(3): 218-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12859916&dopt=Abstract

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The use of “inside-out” lateral osteotomies to improve outcome in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Byrne PJ, Walsh WE, Hilger PA. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2003 May-June; 5(3): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12756120&dopt=Abstract

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The use of Heanley bone-cutting forceps to reduce the thickened and broad bony dorsum in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bhatia K, Jones NS, Bull TR. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 July-September; 4(3): 186-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167078&dopt=Abstract

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The use of nasion grafts in cosmetic rhinoplasty. Author(s): Bortnick E. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2001 October-December; 3(4): 282. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11710868&dopt=Abstract

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The use of percutaneous sutures for graft fixation in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Karen M, Lian T, Stucker F. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2003 March-April; 5(2): 193-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12633214&dopt=Abstract

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The use of preserved autogenous septal cartilage in “touch-up” rhinoplasty. Author(s): Wong BJ, Giammanco PF. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2003 July-August; 5(4): 349-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12873875&dopt=Abstract

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The versatile autogenous costal cartilage graft in septorhinoplasty. Author(s): Cakmak O, Ergin T. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2002 July-September; 4(3): 172-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12167075&dopt=Abstract

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Unilateral cleft rhinoplasty: a review. Author(s): Madorsky SJ, Wang TD. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 1999 August; 32(4): 669-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10433662&dopt=Abstract

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Use of arthroscopic camera equipment during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Smith MJ, Varma SK. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2003 November; 112(6): 1739. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14578819&dopt=Abstract

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Use of porous high-density polyethylene in revision rhinoplasty and in the platyrrhine nose. Author(s): Romo T 3rd, Sclafani AP, Sabini P. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 1998 May-June; 22(3): 211-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9618188&dopt=Abstract

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Use of septal cartilage homografts in rhinoplasty. Author(s): Sancho BV, Molina AR. Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2000 September-October; 24(5): 357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11084698&dopt=Abstract

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Use of spreader grafts in the external approach to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Rohrich RJ, Hollier LH. Source: Clin Plast Surg. 1996 April; 23(2): 255-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8726425&dopt=Abstract

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Use of Vicryl mesh in prevention of postrhinoplasty dorsal irregularities. Author(s): Gilmore J. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1989 February; 22(2): 105-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2735705&dopt=Abstract

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Vascular anatomy of the nose and the external rhinoplasty approach. Author(s): Goepfert H. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1996 November; 122(11): 1276-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8906068&dopt=Abstract

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Vascular anatomy of the nose and the external rhinoplasty approach. Author(s): Toriumi DM, Mueller RA, Grosch T, Bhattacharyya TK, Larrabee WF Jr. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1996 January; 122(1): 24-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8554743&dopt=Abstract

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Vertical dome division in open rhinoplasty. An update on indications, techniques, and results. Author(s): Adamson PA, McGraw-Wall BL, Morrow TA, Constantinides MS. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1994 April; 120(4): 373-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8166965&dopt=Abstract

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Vertical lobule division in rhinoplasty: maintaining an intact strip. Author(s): Constantinides M, Liu ES, Miller PJ, Adamson PA. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 2001 October-December; 3(4): 258-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11710861&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND RHINOPLASTY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and rhinoplasty.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Rhinoplasty The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “rhinoplasty” (or a synonym): •

An unexpected occurrence of acute contact dermatitis during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md., USA. Source: Mabrie, D C Papel, I D Arch-Facial-Plast-Surg. 1999 Oct-December; 1(4): 320-1 1521-2491

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Local anesthesia in rhinoplasty: a new twist? Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans. Source: Metzinger, S E Bailey, D J Boyce, R G Lyons, G D Ear-Nose-Throat-J. 1992 September; 71(9): 405-6 0145-5613

•

Postrhinoplasty epistaxis. Role of vitamin E? Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles. Source: Churukian, M M Zemplenyi, J Steiner, M Kamer, F M Cohen, A ArchOtolaryngol-Head-Neck-Surg. 1988 July; 114(7): 748-50 0886-4470

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The early history of rhinoplasty. Author(s): Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Medical Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Source: Brain, D J Facial-Plast-Surg. 1993 April; 9(2): 81-8 0736-6825

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The Indian contribution to rhinoplasty. Source: Brain, D J J-Laryngol-Otol. 1988 August; 102(8): 689-93 0022-2151

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

Nutrition

•

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

The following is a specific Web list relating to rhinoplasty; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

Food and Diet Low Back Pain Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND RHINOPLASTY Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to rhinoplasty. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to rhinoplasty and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to rhinoplasty: •

“Mr. Lucas” and the “B.L.” letter. Author(s): Patterson TJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1971 July; 48(1): 68-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4933273&dopt=Abstract

•

A singular operation. An etching by William Nutter, London, after a painting by James Wales (1794). New Haven, Yale Medical Library, Clements C. Fry Collection. Author(s): Brunner BE. Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1979 October; 34(4): 459. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=390001&dopt=Abstract

•

Allergic reaction to tincture of benzoin compound. Author(s): Luria PP.

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Source: Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1967 February; 46(2): 224-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6037446&dopt=Abstract •

An unexpected occurrence of acute contact dermatitis during rhinoplasty. Author(s): Mabrie DC, Papel ID. Source: Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery : Official Publication for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. and the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies. 1999 October-December; 1(4): 320-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10937124&dopt=Abstract

•

Ancient Indian civilization: ahead by a nose. Author(s): Mahabir RC, Son-Hing J, Tam AL, Vastardis AD. Source: Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 2001 January-February; 14(1): 3-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11297058&dopt=Abstract

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Anesthesia in rhinology. Author(s): MARMER MJ. Source: The Laryngoscope. 1963 December; 73: 1636-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14089073&dopt=Abstract

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Bone scanning in the early assessment of nasal bone graft viability. Author(s): Ramsay SC, Yeates MG, Ho LC. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1991 January; 32(1): 33-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1988634&dopt=Abstract

•

Cosmetic maxillofacial surgery. Author(s): Braly ME. Source: J Okla Dent Assoc. 1998-99 Winter; 89(3): 38-47. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10596637&dopt=Abstract

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Early treatment of rhinophyma--a neglected entity? Author(s): Dolezal R, Schultz RC. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1983 November; 11(5): 393-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6228181&dopt=Abstract

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Nasal surgery for the aging face. Author(s): Robinson R.

Alternative Medicine 51

Source: Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 1998 September; 6(2): 135-47. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11905370&dopt=Abstract •

Presurgical anxiety treated with cognitive behavioral therapy in a 13-year-old female with cleft lip and palate: a psychological case report. Author(s): Whitehead TD, Tobiasen JM, Hiebert JM. Source: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 1996 May; 33(3): 258-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8734729&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical correction of the aging nose. Author(s): Toriumi DM. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1996 April; 12(2): 205-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9220734&dopt=Abstract

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The aging nose in rhinoplasty for facial rejuvenation. Author(s): Ries WR, Rathfoot CJ. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1996 April; 12(2): 197-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9220733&dopt=Abstract

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The early history of rhinoplasty. Author(s): Brain DJ. Source: Facial Plastic Surgery : Fps. 1993 April; 9(2): 81-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8224968&dopt=Abstract

•

The Indian contribution to rhinoplasty. Author(s): Brain DJ. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1988 August; 102(8): 689-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3047289&dopt=Abstract

•

The use of ozonotherapy in the nose correction operations. Author(s): Kawalski H, Sondej J, Cierpiol-Tracz E. Source: Acta Chir Plast. 1992; 34(3): 182-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1284270&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON RHINOPLASTY Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to rhinoplasty. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “rhinoplasty” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on rhinoplasty, we have not necessarily excluded nonmedical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Rhinoplasty ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to rhinoplasty. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

Social and Psychological Effects of Changing Physical Appearance: A Before and After Study of Rhinoplasty Patients by Horowitz, Susan Becker, PhD from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1983, 191 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8320481

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON RHINOPLASTY Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to rhinoplasty. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on rhinoplasty include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on rhinoplasty: •

ENT Secrets: Questions You Will Be Asked On Rounds, In the Clinic, In the OR, On Exams Source: Philadelphia, PA: Hanley and Belfus. 1996. 480 p. Contact: Available from Hanley and Belfus. Medical Publishers, 210 South 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. (800) 962-1892 or (215) 546-7293; Fax (215) 790-9330; http://www.hanleyandbelfus.com. PRICE: $35.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1560531592. Summary: This book utilizes a question and answer format to review details of the specialty of otorhinolaryngology (ear, nose and throat, or ENT). In addition to explicating details and specifics, professional training should refine the student's ability to formulate the appropriate questions to ask when making medical decisions. Eightyfive chapters are categorized in the following sections: otology, the nose and sinuses, general otolaryngology, endoscopy, tumors, facial plastic surgery, trauma and

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emergencies, pediatric otolaryngology, related specialties, and critical care issues. Specific topics include the anatomy and physiology of the ear, hearing evaluations, types of hearing loss, otitis media, evaluation of the dizzy patient, vestibular disorders, tinnitus, anatomy and physiology of the nose, rhinitis, sinus anatomy and function, sinusitis, temporomandibular joint disease, oral lesions, facial nerve disorders, esophageal disorders, salivary gland disorders, hoarseness, otolaryngologic manifestations of AIDS, salivary gland tumors, tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses, laryngeal cancer, head and neck cancer, rhinoplasty, principles of grafts and flaps, principles of skin resurfacing, otoplasty, epistaxis (nosebleed), nasal trauma, upper airway obstruction, tonsils and adenoids, congenital malformations, cleft lip and palate, taste and smell disorders, allergy and immunology, nutritional assessment and therapy, and tracheotomy. Each chapter include line drawing illustrations and references; a subject index concludes the volume. •

Dentofacial Deformities, Volume III: Integrated Orthodontic and Surgical Correction. 2nd ed Source: St. Louis, MO: Mosby. 1998. [651 p.]. Contact: Available from Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146. PRICE: $149.00. ISBN: 0815131291. Summary: This textbook, one in a series of four volumes, outlines the integrated orthodontic and surgical correction of dentofacial deformities common to Class I, II, and III deformities. Secondary cleft lip and palate dentofacial deformities, and a chapter describing combined rhinoplasty with orthognathic reconstructive surgery are also included. Section I deals with evaluation and treatment planning and contains forms the authors developed to aid in recording the examination results. Each of the following sections discuss the treatment of a basic group of deformities: Class II, Class III, Class I, bimaxillary protrusion, cleft lip and palate, and asymmetries. Each section is divided into a number of chapters and most of the chapters are divided into three parts. The first describes the most common or usual orthodontic and surgical treatment of the deformity in question. The second part presents adjunctive surgical techniques that are frequently helpful in the treatment of select individuals. The third section presents alternative treatment approaches. In each chapter, a step by step approach to presurgical orthodontic treatment, immediate presurgical planning, surgical techniques, and postsurgical orthodontic treatment are described. The volume closes with an appendix of dentofacial growth and a subject index. The volume is illustrated with black and white photographs, and extensive anatomical illustrations of surgical techniques.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “rhinoplasty” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “rhinoplasty” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “rhinoplasty” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com):

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Atlas of Rhinoplasty: Open and Endonasal Approaches by Gilbert Aiach, et al; ISBN: 0942219643; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0942219643/icongroupinterna

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Dallas Rhinoplasty: Nasal Surgery by the Masters (2-Volume Set with 2 CD-ROMs for Windows & Macintosh) by Jack P. Gunter (Editor), et al; ISBN: 1576261298; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1576261298/icongroupinterna

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Ethnic Rhinoplasty by Steven M. Hoefflin; ISBN: 0387946918; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387946918/icongroupinterna

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Jacques Joseph's Rhinoplasty and Facial Plastic Surgery With a Supplement on Mammaplasty by Stanley Milstein (Translator) (1987); ISBN: 0960597212; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0960597212/icongroupinterna

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Open Rhinoplasty (Sipac) by Joseph Leach, et al (2003); ISBN: 1567720765; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1567720765/icongroupinterna

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Open Structure Rhinoplasty by Calvin M. Johnson, Dean M. Toriumi (1998); ISBN: 0721621589; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0721621589/icongroupinterna

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Primary Rhinoplasty: A New Approach to the Logic and the Techniques by John B. Tebbetts; ISBN: 0815188927; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0815188927/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty by Cook (2005); ISBN: 0865777632; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0865777632/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty by Peter McKinney, Bruce L. Cunningham (1989); ISBN: 0443085315; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0443085315/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty by Fernando Ortiz Monasterio, et al; ISBN: 0721667864; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0721667864/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty Dissection Manual by Devin M. Cunning (Illustrator), et al (1999); ISBN: 0781726271; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0781726271/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty Problems and Controversies: A Discussion With the Experts by Thomas D. Rees, et al; ISBN: 080164111X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080164111X/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty Tetralogy: Corrective, Secondary, Congenital, Reconstructive by D. Ralph, Jr Millard; ISBN: 0316571563; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0316571563/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty: An Atlas of Surgical Techniques by Rollin K. Daniel (2001); ISBN: 0387944583; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0387944583/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty: Emphasizing the External Approach (American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) by Jack R. Anderson; ISBN: 086577238X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/086577238X/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty: State of the Art by Ronald P., M.D. Gruber, George C. Peck; ISBN: 080166277X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080166277X/icongroupinterna

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Rhinoplasty: the Art & the Science 2 Volume Set by M. Eugene, Jr., Md Tardy, et al; ISBN: 0721687555; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0721687555/icongroupinterna

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Secondary and Functional Rhinoplasty: The Difficult Nose by Rodolphe Meyer; ISBN: 0808918796; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0808918796/icongroupinterna

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Secondary Rhinoplasty and Nasal Reconstruction by Rod J. Rohrich, et al; ISBN: 0942219805; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0942219805/icongroupinterna

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Secondary Rhinoplasty: Including Reconstruction of the Nose by Rodolphe Meyer; ISBN: 354065884X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/354065884X/icongroupinterna

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Septo- and Rhinoplasty: A Step-by-step Instruction by Finn Jeppesen; ISBN: 8716099168; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8716099168/icongroupinterna

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Surgical Atlas of External Rhinoplasty: Decortication Approach by Slobodan B. Jugo, Ivan Tomicic (Illustrator); ISBN: 0443046905; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0443046905/icongroupinterna

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Symposium on Corrective Rhinoplasty : [papers]; ISBN: 080163413X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080163413X/icongroupinterna

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Video Perspectives in Rhinoplasty; Adjunctive Techniques in Rhinoplasty: Variations in Alar Resection by Jack, M.D. Sheen; ISBN: 157626064X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/157626064X/icongroupinterna

Chapters on Rhinoplasty In order to find chapters that specifically relate to rhinoplasty, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and rhinoplasty using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on rhinoplasty: •

Long-Term Results Source: in Malek, R. Cleft Lip and Palate: Lesions, Pathophysiology and Primary Treatment. London, England: Martin Dunitz Ltd. 2001. p.229-257. Contact: Available from Martin Dunitz Ltd, The Livery House. 7-9 Pratt Street, London, England NW1 0AE. 4404074822202. Website: www.dunitz.co.uk. Email: [email protected]. PRICE: $150.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1853174912. Summary: This chapter is from a text that offers an update on the lesions, pathophysiology, and primary treatment of cleft lip and palate. Each chapter of the book includes a study of anatomical pathology preceded by a background refresher on normal anatomy. In this chapter, the author considers long-term results after surgery in

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children with complete clefts. In complete clefts, the lesions (cleft) of the lip and palate are combined with those that affect the bone structures, i.e., deformities of the skeleton and cartilages and displacement of the bone structures. The author considers the appraisal process, including cosmetic results, functional results, time frame, and statistics on the early primary palate experiment. The author then reviews morphological results, including those from nasal surgery, early rhinoplasty in unilateral clefts, and early rhinoplasty in bilateral clefts; long-term phonetic results of early primary palate repair; and osteodental results, including for primary teeth, permanent dentition, bone grafting, and growth and cephalometric findings. The chapter concludes with an atlas of full color and black and white photographs illustrating the results described. 31 figures. •

Cleft Lip and Palate Source: in Jafek, B.W.; Stark, A.K., eds. ENT Secrets: Questions You Will Be Asked On Rounds, In the Clinic, In the OR, On Exams. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley and Belfus. 1996. p. 338-344. Contact: Available from Hanley and Belfus. Medical Publishers, 210 South 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. (800) 962-1892 or (215) 546-7293; Fax (215) 790-9330; http://www.hanleyandbelfus.com. PRICE: $35.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1560531592. Summary: This chapter on cleft lip and palate is from a book that utilizes a question and answer format to review the specialty of otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat medicine, or ENT). Topics include the professionals involved in treating clefts, incidence and epidemiology of cleft lip or palate, inheritance patterns of clefting, primary and secondary palates, complete versus incomplete cleft lips, Simonart's band, submucous clefts, initial priorities for managing a newborn with a cleft, Eustachian tube and velopharyngeal dysfunctions associated with a cleft palate, associated interventions to be considered (otitis media management, audiologic monitoring, speech therapy coordination), repair strategies for cleft lip and cleft palate, muscular deficiencies associated with cleft lip and palate, Millard repair techniques, postoperative complications of cleft palate repair, velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI), rhinoplasty concerns, surgical management of cleft alveolus, and repair of nasal tip deformities. Each topic is briefly described, with the emphasis on symptoms and recognition of various conditions. Treatment options are also noted. 6 figures. 5 references.

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Treating Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders Source: in Daly, S., et al. Everything You Need to Know About Medical Treatments. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corporation. 1996. p. 491-516. Contact: Available from Springhouse Corporation. 1111 Bethlehem Pike, P.O. Box 908, Springhouse, PA 19477. (800) 331-3170 or (215) 646-4670; Fax (215) 646-8716. PRICE: $24.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0874348218. Summary: This chapter, from a consumer handbook of medical treatments, focuses on treating ear, nose, and throat disorders. Three sections consider drug therapy, including decongestants and antihistamines; surgeries, including myringotomy and ear tubes, stapedectomy, rhinoplasty and septoplasty, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, laryngectomy, radical neck dissection, and nasal polypectomy; and other treatments, including hearing aids, nasal packing, and nasal irrigation. For each treatment, the authors provide a rationale for the surgery, contraindications, what to expect before the procedure, what happens during the procedure, possible complications, and recovery.

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Numerous suggestions for self-care are provided. Some illustrations are provided to aid understanding. 10 figures.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute5: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

5

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

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National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

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Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.6 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

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HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

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NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

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Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

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Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

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Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

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Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

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MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

6

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 7 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

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Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway8 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.9 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 4418 178 388 0 0 4984

HSTAT10 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.11 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.12 Simply search by “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

8

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

9

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 10 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 11 12

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

13 Adapted 14

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on rhinoplasty can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to rhinoplasty. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to rhinoplasty. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “rhinoplasty”:

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Other guides Breast Implants/Breast Reconstruction http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastimplantsbreastreconstruction.html Facial Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html Nose Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/nosedisorders.html Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/plasticcosmeticsurgery.html Rosacea http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rosacea.html Scars http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/scars.html Sinusitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sinusitis.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on rhinoplasty. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

Plastic Surgery of the Nose: Rhinoplasty Source: Washington, DC: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. (AAFPRS). 1994. 2 p. Contact: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc. (AAFPRS). 310 South Henry Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. (800) 332-FACE (in U.S. and Canada) or (703) 299-9291. Website: www.facial-plastic-surgery.org. PRICE: Single copy free; $50.00 (members) and $150.00 (nonmembers) per 100 copies. Summary: This pamphlet is written to familiarize the patient with some basic facts about cosmetic and functional surgery of the nose. It discusses rhinoplasty, the operation that corrects deformities of the external nose. The publication discusses indications for nasal surgery, considerations in the evaluation of candidates for facial plastic surgery, post-surgical effects, risks, and costs of the operation.

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The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to rhinoplasty. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to rhinoplasty. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with rhinoplasty. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about rhinoplasty. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at

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http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “rhinoplasty” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “rhinoplasty”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “rhinoplasty” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “rhinoplasty” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on rhinoplasty: •

Basic Guidelines for Rhinoplasty Cosmetic nose surgery Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002983.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Rhinoplasty Bleeding from the nose Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003106.htm Bruising Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Headache Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003024.htm Numbness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003206.htm

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Problems breathing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003075.htm Swelling Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003103.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Rhinoplasty Blood pressure Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003398.htm

•

Surgery and Procedures for Rhinoplasty Septoplasty Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003012.htm

•

Background Topics for Rhinoplasty Bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Pain medications Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002123.htm Splints Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000040.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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RHINOPLASTY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abscess: Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. [NIH] Adjuvant: A substance which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy; in immunology, nonspecific stimulator (e.g., BCG vaccine) of the immune response. [EU] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adrenal Medulla: The inner part of the adrenal gland; it synthesizes, stores and releases catecholamines. [NIH] Adrenergic: Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or substances with similar activity; the term is applied to those nerve fibres that liberate norepinephrine at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes, i.e., the sympathetic fibres. [EU] Aetiology: Study of the causes of disease. [EU] Afferent: Concerned with the transmission of neural impulse toward the central part of the nervous system. [NIH] Airway: A device for securing unobstructed passage of air into and out of the lungs during general anesthesia. [NIH] Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Allergy and Immunology: A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder. [NIH]

Allogeneic: Taken from different individuals of the same species. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. [NIH] Ampulla: A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Anaphylactic: Pertaining to anaphylaxis. [EU] Anaphylaxis: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen. The reaction may include rapidly progressing urticaria, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic shock, and death. [NIH]

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Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anesthetics: Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. [NIH] Aneurysm: A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart. [NIH] Anti-Anxiety Agents: Agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and neurotic symptoms, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. Some are also effective as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, or anesthesia adjuvants. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here. [NIH] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Atrium: A chamber; used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. [EU] Auricular: Pertaining to an auricle or to the ear, and, formerly, to an atrium of the heart. [EU] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benzaldehyde: A colorless oily liquid used as a flavoring agent and to make dyes, perfumes,

Dictionary 83

and pharmaceuticals. Benzaldehyde is chemically related to benzene. [NIH] Benzoin: A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the trachea. [NIH] Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Transplantation: Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Cellulitis: An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and

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vagina. [NIH] Chest wall: The ribs and muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Civilization: The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society. [NIH] Cleft Palate: Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Cochlear: Of or pertaining to the cochlea. [EU] Cochlear Diseases: Diseases of the cochlea, the part of the inner ear that is concerned with hearing. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement

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activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Contact dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin with varying degrees of erythema, edema and vesinculation resulting from cutaneous contact with a foreign substance or other exposure. [NIH]

Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Controlled study: An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NIH]

Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Critical Care: Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis. [NIH] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyst: A sac or capsule filled with fluid. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized

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subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Dentition: The teeth in the dental arch; ordinarily used to designate the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. [EU] Dermal: Pertaining to or coming from the skin. [NIH] Dermatitis: Any inflammation of the skin. [NIH] Dermoid: A benign mixed tumor, usually congenital, containing teeth, hairs, skin glands, fibrous tissue, and other skin elements, rarely found in the limbal region of the eye and orbit. [NIH] Dermoid Cyst: A benign mixed tumor, usually congenital, containing teeth, hairs, skin glands, fibrous tissue, and other skin elements, rarely found in the limbal region of the eye and orbit. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space; a major mechanism of biological transport. [NIH] Dihydroxy: AMPA/Kainate antagonist. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Dorsum: A plate of bone which forms the posterior boundary of the sella turcica. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Ecchymosis: Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia. [NIH] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Emollient: Softening or soothing; called also malactic. [EU] Emulsion: A preparation of one liquid distributed in small globules throughout the body of a second liquid. The dispersed liquid is the discontinuous phase, and the dispersion medium is the continuous phase. When oil is the dispersed liquid and an aqueous solution is the continuous phase, it is known as an oil-in-water emulsion, whereas when water or aqueous solution is the dispersed phase and oil or oleaginous substance is the continuous phase, it is known as a water-in-oil emulsion. Pharmaceutical emulsions for which official

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standards have been promulgated include cod liver oil emulsion, cod liver oil emulsion with malt, liquid petrolatum emulsion, and phenolphthalein in liquid petrolatum emulsion. [EU] Endoscope: A thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the body. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Endoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on interior parts of the body. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [NIH] Epistaxis: Bleeding from the nose. [NIH] Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. [NIH] Esophageal: Having to do with the esophagus, the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Ethmoid: An unpaired cranial bone which helps form the medial walls of the orbits and contains the themoidal air cells which drain into the nose. [NIH] Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins. [NIH]

Eye socket: One of the two cavities in the skull which contains an eyeball. Each eye is located in a bony socket or orbit. [NIH] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fibrin: A protein derived from fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin, which forms part of the blood clot. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of

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other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fissure: Any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise; especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex which involves the entire thickness of the brain wall. [EU] Fistula: Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Fossa: A cavity, depression, or pit. [NIH] Fovea: The central part of the macula that provides the sharpest vision. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Harmony: Attribute of a product which gives rise to an overall pleasant sensation. This sensation is produced by the perception of the product components as olfactory, gustatory, tactile and kinaesthetic stimuli because they are present in suitable concentration ratios. [NIH]

Hearing aid: A miniature, portable sound amplifier for persons with impaired hearing, consisting of a microphone, audio amplifier, earphone, and battery. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH]

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Hemostasis: The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of blood from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements, and the process of blood or plasma coagulation. [NIH]

Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hoarseness: An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrogel: A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydrophilic: Readily absorbing moisture; hygroscopic; having strongly polar groups that readily interact with water. [EU] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Illusions: The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances. [NIH]

effects

of

foreign

Immunogenic: Producing immunity; evoking an immune response. [EU] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Incompetence: Physical or mental inadequacy or insufficiency. [EU] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized,

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subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infiltration: The diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of substances not normal to it or in amounts of the normal. Also, the material so accumulated. [EU] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including hydrocephalus; brain edema; intracranial masses; severe systemic hypertension; pseudotumor cerebri; and other disorders. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Irrigation: The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any drug in the irrigation solution may be absorbed. [NIH] Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lacrimal: Pertaining to the tears. [EU] Laryngeal: Having to do with the larynx. [NIH] Laryngectomy: Total or partial excision of the larynx. [NIH] Larynx: An irregularly shaped, musculocartilaginous tubular structure, lined with mucous membrane, located at the top of the trachea and below the root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is the essential sphincter guarding the entrance into the trachea and functioning secondarily as the organ of voice. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Lip: Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth. [NIH] Lobe: A portion of an organ such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. [NIH] Lobule: A small lobe or subdivision of a lobe. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lubricants: Oily or slippery substances. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph).

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[NIH]

Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Maxillary: Pertaining to the maxilla : the irregularly shaped bone that with its fellow forms the upper jaw. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Mucociliary: Pertaining to or affecting the mucus membrane and hairs (including eyelashes, nose hair, .): mucociliary clearing: the clearance of mucus by ciliary movement ( particularly in the respiratory system). [EU] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Musculoskeletal System: Themuscles, bones, and cartilage of the body. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Nasal Bone: Either of two small elongated rectangular bones that together form the bridge of the nose. [NIH] Nasal Cavity: The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the nasal septum, lined with ciliated mucosa, extending from the nares to the pharynx. [NIH] Nasal Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be in the nasal vestibule, fossae, or other areas of the nasal cavity. [NIH] Neck dissection: Surgery to remove lymph nodes and other tissues in the neck. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Ointments: Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats,

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waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases. [NIH] Orbit: One of the two cavities in the skull which contains an eyeball. Each eye is located in a bony socket or orbit. [NIH] Orthopaedic: Pertaining to the correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system; pertaining to orthopaedics. [EU] Osteotomy: The surgical cutting of a bone. [EU] Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. [EU] Otitis Media: Inflammation of the middle ear. [NIH] Otolaryngology: A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. [NIH] Otology: The branch of medicine which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders and diseases of the ear. [NIH] Otorhinolaryngology: That branch of medicine concerned with medical and surgical treatment of the head and neck, including the ears, nose and throat. [EU] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Paranasal Sinuses: Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary cranial bones. They vary in size and form in different individuals and are lined by the ciliated mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. [NIH]

Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Patient Satisfaction: The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial. [NIH] Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols. [NIH] Perception: The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. [NIH] Percutaneous: Performed through the skin, as injection of radiopacque material in radiological examination, or the removal of tissue for biopsy accomplished by a needle. [EU] Perforation: 1. The act of boring or piercing through a part. 2. A hole made through a part or substance. [EU]

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Periorbital: Situated around the orbit, or eye socket. [EU] Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Petechia: A pinpoint, nonraised, perfectly round, purplish red spot caused by intradermal or submucous haemorrhage. [EU] Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants. [NIH] Phallic: Pertaining to the phallus, or penis. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides; glycerophospholipids) or sphingosine (sphingolipids). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. [NIH] Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. [NIH] Polyethylene: A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses. [NIH]

Polytetrafluoroethylene: Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Potassium Cyanide: Potassium cyanide (K(CN)). A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for

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the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Premedication: Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (antibiotic prophylaxis) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include preanesthetic medication. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Retractor: An instrument designed for pulling aside tissues to improve exposure at operation; an instrument for drawing back the edge of a wound. [NIH] Rhinitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. [NIH] Rhinophyma: A manifestation of severe Acne rosacea resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias. [NIH] Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each

Dictionary 95

consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Scleroderma: A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic). [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Sebaceous: Gland that secretes sebum. [NIH] Sebaceous gland: Gland that secretes sebum. [NIH] Sella: A deep depression in the shape of a Turkish saddle in the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone in the deepest part of which is lodged the hypophysis cerebri. [NIH] Sensibility: The ability to receive, feel and appreciate sensations and impressions; the quality of being sensitive; the extend to which a method gives results that are free from false negatives. [NIH] Septal: An abscess occurring at the root of the tooth on the proximal surface. [NIH] Septum: A dividing wall or partition; a general term for such a structure. The term is often used alone to refer to the septal area or to the septum pellucidum. [EU] Septum Pellucidum: A triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Sinusitis: An inflammatory process of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses that occurs in three stages: acute, subacute, and chronic. Sinusitis results from any condition causing ostial obstruction or from pathophysiologic changes in the mucociliary transport mechanism. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Snoring: Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate. [NIH]

Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters

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distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Sphenoid: An unpaired cranial bone with a body containing the sphenoid sinus and forming the posterior part of the medial walls of the orbits. [NIH] Splint: A rigid appliance used for the immobilization of a part or for the correction of deformity. [NIH] Stabilization: The creation of a stable state. [EU] Stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing immature blood-forming cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment. The stem cells are given to the person after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. [NIH] Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells of the same lineage (family type) that retain the ability to divide and cycle throughout postnatal life to provide cells that can become specialized and take the place of those that die or are lost. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Subcutaneous Emphysema: Presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body. [NIH]

Submucous: Occurring beneath the mucosa or a mucous membrane. [NIH] Suppurative: Consisting of, containing, associated with, or identified by the formation of pus. [NIH] Sympathomimetic: 1. Mimicking the effects of impulses conveyed by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. 2. An agent that produces effects similar to those of impulses conveyed by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Called also adrenergic. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tinnitus: Sounds that are perceived in the absence of any external noise source which may take the form of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tonsils: Small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. [NIH]

Dictionary 97

Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Tracheotomy: Surgical incision of the trachea. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Turbinates: The scroll-like bony plates with curved margins on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Uvula: Uvula palatinae; specifically, the tongue-like process which projects from the middle of the posterior edge of the soft palate. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of the blood vessels without anatomic change, for which constriction, pathologic is used. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Vertigo: An illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). The term is sometimes erroneously used to mean any form of dizziness. [EU] Vestibular: Pertaining to or toward a vestibule. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the tooth surface directed toward the vestibule of the mouth. [EU] Vestibule: A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. [NIH] Vestibulocochlear Nerve: The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (cochlear nerve) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (vestibular nerve) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the spiral ganglion and project to the cochlear nuclei (cochlear nucleus). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the vestibular nuclei. [NIH] Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the vestibular and/or cochlear (acoustic) nerves, which join to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. Vestibular neuritis, cochlear neuritis, and acoustic neuromas are relatively common conditions that affect these nerves. Clinical

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Rhinoplasty

manifestations vary with which nerve is primarily affected, and include hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH]

99

INDEX A Abscess, 30, 81, 95 Adjuvant, 4, 81 Adolescence, 32, 81 Adrenal Medulla, 81, 87 Adrenergic, 81, 82, 87, 96 Aetiology, 35, 81 Afferent, 81, 87 Airway, 13, 56, 81 Airway Obstruction, 56, 81 Algorithms, 81, 83 Allergy and Immunology, 56, 81 Allogeneic, 4, 81 Alternative medicine, 81 Alveoli, 81, 86 Ampulla, 81, 87 Anaesthesia, 11, 38, 81 Anal, 81, 88 Anaphylactic, 23, 81 Anaphylaxis, 81 Anatomical, 22, 56, 58, 82 Anesthesia, 23, 24, 46, 50, 81, 82 Anesthetics, 82, 87 Aneurysm, 19, 82 Anti-Anxiety Agents, 82, 94 Antibiotic, 82, 94 Antibiotic Prophylaxis, 82, 94 Antibody, 82, 84, 89 Antigen, 81, 82, 84, 89 Anxiety, 51, 82 Aqueous, 82, 86 Arterial, 23, 82, 94 Arteries, 82, 85, 91 Atrium, 82 Auricular, 8, 82 Autologous, 4, 82 B Base, 12, 26, 39, 41, 82, 86, 90 Benign, 82, 86 Benzaldehyde, 82, 83 Benzoin, 49, 83 Bilateral, 17, 38, 59, 83 Bile, 83, 96 Biopsy, 83, 92 Biotechnology, 4, 65, 83 Bone Marrow, 83, 96 Branch, 77, 83, 92, 95 Bronchi, 83, 87, 97

Buccal, 42, 83 C Carbon Dioxide, 83, 88 Carcinogenic, 83, 96 Cardiac, 83, 87, 91, 96 Case report, 51, 83 Cell, 4, 83, 84, 91, 93 Cell Transplantation, 83 Cellulitis, 28, 35, 83 Cerebral, 83, 87, 88 Cervical, 21, 83 Cervix, 83 Chest wall, 84, 93 Cholesterol, 83, 84, 96 Chronic, 84, 90, 95, 96 Civilization, 50, 84 Cleft Palate, 51, 59, 84 Clinical trial, 3, 65, 84, 85, 92, 94 Cloning, 83, 84 Coagulation, 84, 89 Cochlear, 84, 96, 97 Cochlear Diseases, 84, 96 Cofactor, 84, 94 Collapse, 81, 84, 93 Complement, 84, 85 Complementary and alternative medicine, 49, 52, 85 Complementary medicine, 49, 85 Computational Biology, 65, 85 Connective Tissue, 83, 85, 90, 94 Contact dermatitis, 6, 46, 50, 85 Contraindications, ii, 39, 59, 85 Controlled study, 9, 85 Coordination, 59, 85 Coronary, 85, 91 Coronary Thrombosis, 85, 91 Cranial, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97 Craniocerebral Trauma, 85, 96 Critical Care, 56, 85 Cutaneous, 85 Cyst, 14, 26, 31, 32, 85 D Databases, Bibliographic, 65, 85 Density, 43, 86, 92, 93 Dentition, 59, 86 Dermal, 8, 86 Dermatitis, 86 Dermoid, 26, 30, 42, 86

100 Rhinoplasty

Dermoid Cyst, 30, 42, 86 Diagnostic procedure, 86 Diffusion, 86, 90 Dihydroxy, 86, 87 Dilatation, 82, 86 Direct, iii, 86, 93, 94 Dissection, 57, 86 Dorsal, 6, 14, 26, 30, 44, 86, 93 Dorsum, 13, 42, 86 Duct, 81, 86, 94 Duodenum, 83, 86, 87, 96 E Ecchymosis, 15, 40, 86 Edema, 15, 85, 86, 90 Electrons, 82, 86, 90 Emollient, 86, 91 Emulsion, 86, 88 Endoscope, 87 Endoscopic, 6, 11, 16, 41, 87 Endoscopy, 16, 55, 87 Environmental Health, 64, 66, 87 Epinephrine, 23, 81, 87 Epistaxis, 46, 56, 87 Erythema, 85, 87 Esophageal, 56, 87 Esophagus, 87, 96 Ethmoid, 87, 92 Ethylene Glycol, 4, 87 Eye socket, 87, 93 F Facial Nerve, 56, 87 Family Planning, 65, 87 Fat, 22, 83, 87, 95 Fibrin, 9, 87, 96 Fibrinogen, 87, 96 Fissure, 84, 88 Fistula, 9, 88 Fixation, 33, 42, 88 Fossa, 22, 88 Fovea, 88 G Gas, 83, 86, 88, 89, 91, 93, 96 Gastrointestinal, 87, 88 Gene, 83, 88 Gland, 56, 81, 88, 90, 95 Gonadal, 88, 96 Governing Board, 88, 94 Graft, 4, 8, 10, 24, 27, 28, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 50, 88 Grafting, 14, 20, 39, 59, 88, 89 Growth, 4, 18, 56, 59, 81, 88

H Harmony, 36, 88 Hearing aid, 59, 88 Hemorrhage, 31, 85, 88 Hemostasis, 22, 27, 89 Heredity, 88, 89 Hoarseness, 56, 89 Homologous, 23, 89 Hormone, 87, 89, 94 Hydrogel, 4, 89 Hydrogen, 82, 89, 91 Hydrophilic, 89 Hypersensitivity, 81, 89 Hypertrophy, 89, 94 I Id, 47, 52, 71, 76, 78, 89 Illusions, 15, 21, 89 Immune response, 81, 82, 89 Immunity, 89 Immunogenic, 4, 89 Immunology, 81, 89 Implantation, 11, 89 Incision, 8, 11, 17, 22, 27, 29, 89, 97 Incompetence, 59, 89 Indicative, 56, 89 Infarction, 85, 89, 91 Infection, 81, 83, 89, 90 Infiltration, 23, 90 Inflammation, 83, 85, 86, 90, 92, 94 Innervation, 87, 90 Intracranial Hypertension, 90, 96 Intravenous, 11, 90 Intrinsic, 11, 23, 90 Ions, 82, 89, 90 Irrigation, 59, 90 J Joint, 56, 90 K Kb, 64, 90 L Lacrimal, 87, 90 Laryngeal, 56, 90 Laryngectomy, 59, 90 Larynx, 90, 97 Library Services, 76, 90 Lip, 8, 10, 17, 27, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 51, 56, 58, 59, 90 Lobe, 90 Lobule, 44, 90 Localized, 88, 89, 90, 95, 97 Lubricants, 90, 93 Lymph, 83, 90, 91

Index 101

Lymph node, 83, 90, 91 Lymphoid, 91, 96 M Maxillary, 91, 92 MEDLINE, 65, 91 Membrane, 84, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96 MI, 80, 91 Molecular, 65, 67, 83, 85, 87, 91 Molecule, 82, 84, 91 Morphological, 59, 91 Mucociliary, 91, 95 Mucosa, 91, 96 Musculoskeletal System, 91, 92 Myocardium, 91 N Nasal Bone, 50, 91 Nasal Cavity, 91, 92, 97 Nasal Obstruction, 16, 91 Neck dissection, 59, 91 Necrosis, 89, 91 Need, 4, 55, 58, 59, 72, 91 Nerve, 22, 81, 82, 87, 90, 91, 97 Nervous System, 81, 91, 93, 96 Nitrogen, 88, 91 O Ointments, 33, 91 Opacity, 86, 92 Ophthalmology, 88, 92 Orbit, 86, 87, 92, 93 Orthopaedic, 4, 92 Osteotomy, 5, 6, 12, 17, 32, 35, 41, 92 Otitis, 56, 59, 92 Otitis Media, 56, 59, 92 Otolaryngology, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 38, 44, 46, 55, 59, 92 Otology, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 51, 55, 92 Otorhinolaryngology, 55, 92 P Palate, 17, 30, 51, 56, 58, 59, 84, 92, 95, 97 Palsy, 22, 92 Paranasal Sinuses, 56, 92, 95 Patch, 86, 92 Pathophysiology, 58, 92 Patient Education, 70, 74, 76, 80, 92 Patient Satisfaction, 11, 92 Patient Selection, 18, 92 Perception, 88, 92 Percutaneous, 32, 42, 92 Perforation, 18, 92 Periorbital, 28, 93

Peripheral Nervous System, 92, 93 Petechia, 86, 93 Petroleum, 33, 93 Phallic, 88, 93 Pharmacologic, 82, 93, 97 Phospholipids, 87, 93 Physiology, 56, 93 Plasma, 87, 89, 93 Pneumothorax, 6, 93 Polyethylene, 32, 43, 93 Polytetrafluoroethylene, 19, 93 Posterior, 81, 86, 92, 93, 96, 97 Postoperative, 9, 59, 93 Postoperative Complications, 59, 93 Potassium, 83, 93 Potassium Cyanide, 83, 93 Practice Guidelines, 66, 93 Premedication, 10, 94 Progesterone, 94, 96 Progressive, 4, 88, 91, 94 Projection, 10, 22, 28, 30, 94 Protein S, 83, 94 Proximal, 91, 94, 95 Psychiatry, 9, 88, 94 Public Policy, 65, 94 Purulent, 81, 94 R Radioactive, 89, 94 Radiological, 92, 94 Randomized, 23, 94 Refer, 1, 83, 84, 88, 94, 95, 97 Resection, 34, 58, 94 Retractor, 28, 94 Rhinitis, 56, 94 Rhinophyma, 50, 94 S Saliva, 94 Salivary, 56, 87, 94 Salivary glands, 87, 94 Saponins, 94, 96 Scleroderma, 24, 95 Screening, 84, 95 Sebaceous, 94, 95 Sebaceous gland, 94, 95 Sella, 86, 95 Sensibility, 81, 95 Septal, 18, 43, 95 Septum, 25, 33, 91, 95 Septum Pellucidum, 95 Sex Characteristics, 81, 95 Shock, 23, 81, 95, 97 Sinusitis, 56, 70, 95

102 Rhinoplasty

Skeletal, 12, 95 Skeleton, 59, 90, 95 Snoring, 15, 95 Soft tissue, 83, 95 Somatic, 81, 93, 95 Specialist, 71, 95 Species, 81, 83, 87, 95, 97 Sphenoid, 92, 95, 96 Splint, 6, 96 Stabilization, 22, 96 Stem cell transplantation, 35, 96 Stem Cells, 96 Steroid, 15, 95, 96 Stomach, 87, 88, 89, 96 Subacute, 90, 95, 96 Subcutaneous, 6, 8, 83, 86, 96 Subcutaneous Emphysema, 6, 96 Submucous, 34, 59, 93, 96 Suppurative, 83, 96 Sympathomimetic, 87, 96 Systemic, 81, 87, 90, 95, 96 T Thrombin, 87, 96 Thrombosis, 94, 96 Tinnitus, 56, 92, 96, 98

Tissue, 3, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97 Tonsils, 56, 96 Toxic, iv, 89, 97 Toxicology, 66, 97 Trachea, 83, 90, 97 Tracheotomy, 56, 97 Transfection, 83, 97 Transplantation, 11, 23, 97 Trauma, 18, 42, 55, 91, 97 Turbinates, 34, 97 U Ulcer, 83, 97 Unconscious, 82, 89, 97 Uterus, 83, 94, 97 Uvula, 95, 97 V Vaccine, 81, 97 Vasoconstriction, 87, 97 Vein, 82, 90, 97 Venous, 94, 97 Vertigo, 92, 97, 98 Vestibular, 38, 56, 97 Vestibule, 91, 97 Vestibulocochlear Nerve, 96, 97 Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases, 96, 97 Veterinary Medicine, 65, 98

Index 103

104 Rhinoplasty

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