Dreams - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

DREAMS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N. P A...

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DREAMS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Dreams: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84273-6 1. Dreams-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on dreams. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON DREAMS .................................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Dreams.......................................................................................... 3 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 5 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 6 Academic Periodicals covering Dreams ....................................................................................... 33 Dissertations on Dreams.............................................................................................................. 33 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND DREAMS .......................................................................................... 35 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 35 Finding Nutrition Studies on Dreams......................................................................................... 35 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 36 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND DREAMS .................................................................... 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 39 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 50 General References ....................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON DREAMS .................................................................................................... 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 59 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 60 Chapters on Dreams..................................................................................................................... 60 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 63 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 65 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 69 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 71 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 72 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 75 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 75 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 75 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 75 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 75 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 81 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 82 DREAMS DICTIONARY ............................................................................................................... 84 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 103

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with dreams is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about dreams, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to dreams, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on dreams. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to dreams, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on dreams. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON DREAMS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on dreams.

Federally Funded Research on Dreams The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to dreams. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to dreams. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore dreams. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for dreams: •

Project Title: EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF SLEEP MENTATION AND MEMORY Principal Investigator & Institution: Stickgold, Robert A.; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center St 1005 Boston, Ma 02215 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 23-SEP-2003; Project End 31-JUL-2007

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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Summary: (provided by applicant): While waking cognition serves to facilitate an organism's ongoing interactions with the external (physical and social) environment, sleep serves two potentially critical support functions: (1) the restoration and normalization of neurocognitive functions that were engaged and altered during prior waking, and (2) the consolidation, modification, and integration of information encoded during prior waking experiences. There is now considerable evidence that sleep plays important roles in both memory consolidation and coping with emotional stress. Neurocognitive function during waking normally occurs within conscious awareness, and conscious experience can provide evidence of underlying brain processes. Carried over into sleep, we hypothesize that what reaches conscious awareness during sleep (e.g., in dreams) is a reflection of underlying functional brain processes. The study and manipulation of sleep mentation can thus contribute to our understanding of these sleep-dependent neurobiological processes and help us further define the role of sleep in neurocognition and organismic adaptation. Recent advances make it possible to experimentally manipulate and objectively quantify the content of sleep mentation. Using these newly developed techniques, we have shown that images of the video games Tetris and Alpine Racer are incorporated into up to 42% of subsequent sleep onset mentation reports, with as many as 89% of subjects reporting such images. Both visual and kinesthetic sensations are reproduced at sleep onset, but details characteristic of episodic memories, such as the computer, keyboard, desk or room in which Tetris was played, are absent. Tetris imagery was also reported by dense amnesiacs with bilateral medial temporal lobe and hippocampal damage, demonstrating declarative, episodic memories are not required for formation of these sleep onset images. In addition, pilot studies with Alpine Racer have shown that when subjects are awakened at sleep onset later in the night, game imagery disappears and is replaced by more weakly related imagery, such as of falling down a grass covered hill. The studies proposed here use reports of sleep mentation to provide support for the hypothesis that, during the night and across multiple sleep stages, waking memories are reprocessed through a series of distinct steps that aid in their consolidation and integration. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: REM SLEEP AND MEMORY Principal Investigator & Institution: Poe, Gina R.; Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology An; Anesthesiology; University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 3003 South State, Room 1040 Ann Arbor, Mi 481091274 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-MAR-2000; Project End 28-FEB-2005 Summary: (applicant's abstract): Behavioral studies in mammals demonstrate that REM sleep is important to subsequent performance of many memory tasks. The idea that sleep (particularly rapid eye movement, or REM sleep) could serve a cognitive function has remained popular since Freud stated that dreams were "not nonsense" but a time to sort out experiences and discharge emotions. Others have proposed that REM sleep is for forgetting. We seek to determine whether neurons in the hippocampus, a structure critical to certain types of learning and memory, discharge at random during REM sleep or, instead, show ordered activity differentially modified by prior experience. The hippocampus is particularly amenable to such inquiry, since the ensemble-firing pattern of hippocampal neurons is thought to form a cognitive map and control the learning of new landmark relationships. Recordings from individual cells while rats actively navigate their environment reveal place-specific firing (any particular neuron is mostly silent, but discharges robustly at a particular area in the environment, the location of which varies from cell to cell). Preliminary results indicate that experience affects not

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only the firing rate, but also the pattern of neural activity during REM sleep. The phasefiring pattern, in turn, indicates a mechanism through which memories for recent events may be strengthened and familiar events weakened during REM sleep. This proposal aims to determine the physiological turning point at which novel memories become familiar in the temporary memory store of the hippocampus and test these patterns under conditions that disrupt and enhance memory consolidation. This effort will contribute to the knowledge base of memory consolidation mechanisms from short to long-term stores, so that we may ultimately devise effective ways to improve memory and learning capabilities of impaired individuals. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: SEX DIFFERENCES IN MOOD DISORDERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Cartwright, Rosalind D.; Professor; RushPresbyterian-St Lukes Medical Ctr Chicago, Il 60612 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-AUG-1994; Project End 31-MAR-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant) This study tests a putative mood-regulatory function of REM sleep and or dreaming in depressed males and females. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that those depressed who remain untreated are more likely to remit over a one year period if they demonstrate increased REM pressure (higher eye movement density, more frequent REM episodes, and reduced REM latency), and if they demonstrate higher proportions of negative affect dreams in the first half of the night than in the last (a 'working through' of affect within the night). Thirty-two depressed volunteers with equal numbers of males and females are tested for mood before and after each of two nights of laboratory-monitored sleep on three occasions over a five month period. REM sleep will be interrupted to retrieve dream reports every second night. This manipulation also increases REM pressure. Data will be analyzed for differences between sex groups for 1). the effects of REM pressure (between sleep through and REM interrupted nights) 2). Dream affect change (between half nights), 3). dream-like quality of reports, and 4). problem focus in dream content on overnight mood regulation and on remission of depression. Findings will contribute to an understanding of REM sleep and dream function, and the sex difference in rates of depression. This study will also have implications for the treatment of depression. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-

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Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print.

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text articles. The following is a sample of items found for dreams in the PubMed Central database: •

Coherent 40-Hz Oscillation Characterizes Dream State in Humans. by Llinas R, Ribary U.; 1993 Mar 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=46024

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The Revival of Interest in the Dream. by Anderson NS.; 1955 Apr; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&action=stream&blobt ype=pdf&artid=199890

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with dreams, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for dreams (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A centenary of dreams. Introduction to the symposium. Author(s): Krippner S. Source: Int J Psychosom. 1993; 40(1-4): 4-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8070985&dopt=Abstract

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A clinical focus on feeling in dreams. Author(s): Bonime W. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 2002 Winter; 30(4): 557-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12597102&dopt=Abstract

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A language of dreaming: dreams of an Amazonian insomniac. Author(s): Kracke W. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1999 April; 80 ( Pt 2): 257-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10363182&dopt=Abstract

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A new understanding of dreams. Author(s): Sharon RV. Source: N J Med. 1995 January; 92(1): 42-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7854574&dopt=Abstract

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A perspective and future dreams of PTSD as a psychosomatic disorder. Author(s): Kolb LC. Source: Psychosomatic Medicine. 1993 September-October; 55(5): 424-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8265743&dopt=Abstract

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A piece of my mind. Belinda, asleep without dreams. Author(s): Sperry K. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1989 February 3; 261(5): 753. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2911175&dopt=Abstract

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A royal road from homelessness--the clinical use of dreams. Author(s): Merlino JP. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 2002 Winter; 30(4): 583-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12597104&dopt=Abstract

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A structural and intertextual reading of Freud's “On Dreams”. Author(s): Mahlendorf U. Source: Psychoanal Q. 2000 April; 69(2): 369-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10824322&dopt=Abstract

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ABC of sleep disorder. Dreams and medical illness. Author(s): Katz M, Shapiro CM. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1993 April 10; 306(6883): 993-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8490484&dopt=Abstract

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Acting-out: its functions within analytic group psychotherapy and its transformation into dreams. Author(s): Richarz B, Romisch S. Source: Int J Group Psychother. 2002 July; 52(3): 337-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12082675&dopt=Abstract

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Adaptive reuse: opportunities and pitfalls. Conversion dreams may turn to nightmares. Author(s): Moore J. Source: Contemporary Longterm Care. 1992 February; 15(2): 22, 72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10117068&dopt=Abstract

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Addicts' drug-related dreams: their frequency and relationship to six-month outcomes. Author(s): Christo G, Franey C. Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 1996 January; 31(1): 1-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8838390&dopt=Abstract

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Affect and cognition in dreams: a critique of the cognitive role in adaptive dream functioning and support for associative models. Author(s): Newell PT, Cartwright RD. Source: Psychiatry. 2000 Spring; 63(1): 34-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10855758&dopt=Abstract

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Aging and memory for dreams. Author(s): Waterman D. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1991 October; 73(2): 355-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1766755&dopt=Abstract

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Alcohol: a drug of dreams. Author(s): Knox J. Source: The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 1995 April; 40(2): 161-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7721652&dopt=Abstract

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American Indian dreams. Our complements. Author(s): McWhorter JH, Ward SD. Source: N C Med J. 1998 July-August; 59(4): 261. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9682598&dopt=Abstract

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An investigation of the manifest dream content associated with migraine headaches: a study of the dreams that precede nocturnal migraines. Author(s): Heather-Greener GQ, Comstock D, Joyce R. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1996; 65(4): 216-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8843503&dopt=Abstract

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Analysing children's dreams. Author(s): Medici de Steiner C. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1995 February; 76 ( Pt 1): 45-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7775036&dopt=Abstract

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Anxiety and hostility in the manifest dreams of schizophrenic patients. Author(s): Stompe T, Ritter K, Ortwein-Swoboda G, Schmid-Siegel B, Zitterl W, Strobl R, Schanda H. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2003 December; 191(12): 806-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14671457&dopt=Abstract

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Anxiety levels in dreams: relation to localized cerebral glucose metabolic rate. Author(s): Gottschalk LA, Buchsbaum MS, Gillin JC, Wu JC, Reynolds CA, Herrera DB. Source: Brain Research. 1991 January 4; 538(1): 107-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2018922&dopt=Abstract

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Aristotle on 'distinguished physicians' and on the medical significance of dreams. Author(s): van der Eijk PJ. Source: Clio Medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 1995; 28: 447-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7789110&dopt=Abstract

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Asklepian dreams: the ethos of the wounded-healer in the clinical encounter. Author(s): Kirmayer LJ. Source: Transcultural Psychiatry. 2003 June; 40(2): 248-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12940648&dopt=Abstract

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Boundaries and level of experience with six types of dreams. Author(s): Hicks RA, Bautista J, Hicks GJ. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1999 December; 89(3 Pt 1): 760-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10665006&dopt=Abstract

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Boundaries of dreams, boundaries of dreamers: thin and thick boundaries as a new personality measure. Author(s): Hartmann E. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1989 November; 14(4): 557-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2813637&dopt=Abstract

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Captive realities and dreams of release. Author(s): McCracken L. Source: Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2002 Summer; (62): 26. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12101910&dopt=Abstract

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Children and their dreams. Author(s): de Steiner CM. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1993 April; 74 ( Pt 2): 359-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8491538&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical use of dreams with latency-age children. Author(s): Lewis O, O'Brien J. Source: American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1991 October; 45(4): 527-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1781485&dopt=Abstract

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Clocks, engines, and quarks--love, dreams, and genes. What makes development happen? Author(s): Mayes LC. Source: Psychoanal Study Child. 1999; 54: 169-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10748632&dopt=Abstract

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Cognitive style in dreams: a clue to recovery of historical data. Author(s): Myers WA. Source: Psychoanal Q. 1989 April; 58(2): 241-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2727198&dopt=Abstract

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Coming out of intensive care crazy: dreams of affliction. Author(s): Richman J. Source: Qualitative Health Research. 2000 January; 10(1): 84-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10724755&dopt=Abstract

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Complementary dreams: a window to the subconscious processes of countertransference and subjectivity. Author(s): Favero M, Ross DR. Source: American Journal of Psychotherapy. 2002; 56(2): 211-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12125298&dopt=Abstract

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Consciousness during dreams. Author(s): Cicogna PC, Bosinelli M. Source: Consciousness and Cognition. 2001 March; 10(1): 26-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11273624&dopt=Abstract

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Continuity between waking life and dreaming: are all waking activities reflected equally often in dreams? Author(s): Schredl M. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 2000 June; 90(3 Pt 1): 844-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10883763&dopt=Abstract

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Contributions to psychohistory: XV. Structural characteristics as an index of mental health in Freud's, his patients' and colleagues' manifest dreams. Author(s): Wolowitz H, Anderson T. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1989 June; 68(3 Pt 1): 811-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2748297&dopt=Abstract

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Cyclical changes in emotional information processing in sleep and dreams. Author(s): Severino SK, Bucci W, Creelman ML. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1989 Winter; 17(4): 555-77. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2695504&dopt=Abstract

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Daily reports of posttraumatic nightmares and anxiety dreams in Dutch war victims. Author(s): Schreuder BJ, van Egmond M, Kleijn WC, Visser AT. Source: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 1998 November-December; 12(6): 511-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9879032&dopt=Abstract

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Development of beliefs about the origins and controllability of dreams. Author(s): Woolley JD, Boerger EA. Source: Developmental Psychology. 2002 January; 38(1): 24-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11806699&dopt=Abstract

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Development of disturbing dreams during adolescence and their relation to anxiety symptoms. Author(s): Nielsen TA, Laberge L, Paquet J, Tremblay RE, Vitaro F, Montplaisir J. Source: Sleep. 2000 September 15; 23(6): 727-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11007439&dopt=Abstract

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Direct interpretation of dreams: some basic principles and technical rules. Author(s): van den Daele L. Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1992 June; 52(2): 99-118. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1626598&dopt=Abstract

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Direct interpretation of dreams: typology. Author(s): van den Daele L. Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1992 December; 52(4): 307-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1489016&dopt=Abstract

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Disconnected networks during auditory hallucinations and dreams: a topological problem for neuroimaging? Author(s): Gomez JF. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002 May; 59(5): 468-9; Author Reply 469. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11982454&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and creativity--collaborative psychoanalytic work. Author(s): Alfonso CA, Wellington A. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 2002 Winter; 30(4): 573-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12597103&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and exposure therapy in PTSD. Author(s): Rothbaum BO, Mellman TA. Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2001 July; 14(3): 481-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11534880&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and healing: reclaiming a lost tradition. Author(s): Dossey L. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1999 November; 5(6): 12-7, 111-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10550899&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and nightmares. Author(s): Hoyt G. Source: Surviv News (Atlanta Ga). 2002 February; : 2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11870997&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and suicide. Author(s): Maltsberger JT. Source: Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. 1993 Spring; 23(1): 55-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8475533&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams as nonlocal connections. Author(s): Mayo PE. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1998 September; 4(5): 97-8, 103111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9737034&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an analysis of semantic and emotional content compared to controls. Author(s): Sauteraud A, Menny JC, Philip P, Peyre F, Bonnin JM. Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2001 August; 51(2): 451-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11516768&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of anorexic and bulimic women. A research study. Author(s): Brink SG, Allan JA. Source: The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 1992 July; 37(3): 275-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1512170&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of death: Von Weizsacker's Dreams in so-called endogenic anorexia: a research note. Author(s): Jackson C, Beumont PJ, Thornton C, Lennerts W. Source: The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1993 April; 13(3): 329-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8477306&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of Freud and Jung: reciprocal relationships between social relations and archetypal/transpersonal imagination. Author(s): Hunt H. Source: Psychiatry. 1992 February; 55(1): 28-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1557468&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of leaving. Author(s): Callicott C. Source: Nurs Times. 1992 May 6-12; 88(19): 30-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1584677&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of personality disordered subjects. Author(s): Guralnik O, Levin R, Schmeidler J. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1999 January; 187(1): 40-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9952252&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams within dreams. Author(s): Mahon EJ. Source: Psychoanal Study Child. 2002; 57: 118-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12723128&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams, images and emotions associated with propofol anaesthesia. Author(s): Brandner B, Blagrove M, McCallum G, Bromley LM. Source: Anaesthesia. 1997 August; 52(8): 750-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9291759&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams. Author(s): Apple DF Jr. Source: Paraplegia. 1991 November; 29(9): 569. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1787980&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams. Author(s): McCrone J. Source: Lancet. Neurology. 2003 March; 2(3): 198. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12849247&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams. Author(s): Boudreau J. Source: Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 2003 Winter; 26(3): 315-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12653454&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams. A developmental and longitudinal perspective. Author(s): Mahon EJ. Source: Psychoanal Study Child. 1992; 47: 49-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1289943&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams: disguise of forbidden wishes or transparent reflections of a distinct brain state? Author(s): McCarley RW. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998 May 15; 843: 116-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9668654&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams: the royal road to the intestines? Author(s): Guthrie EA. Source: Dig Liver Dis. 2002 July; 34(7): 468-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12236478&dopt=Abstract

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Dreamscapes: portrayals of rectangular spaces in Doris Lessing's Memoirs of a Survivor and in dreams. Author(s): Charles M. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 2003 February; 90(1): 1-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12898785&dopt=Abstract

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Drug dreams: a neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis. Author(s): Johnson B. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2001 Winter; 49(1): 75-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11379730&dopt=Abstract

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Drug dreams: an introduction. Author(s): Shevrin H. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2001 Winter; 49(1): 69-73. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11379729&dopt=Abstract

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Drugs and dreams. Author(s): Wick JY, Zanni GR. Source: Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996). 2002 May-June; 42(3): 385-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12030623&dopt=Abstract

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Edward Tick, PhD: On Asklepios, dream healing, and talking with the dead. Interview by Bonnie Horrigan. Author(s): Tick E. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2004 January-February; 10(1): 6472. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14727502&dopt=Abstract

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Einstein's three dreams: moral conflicts and life crises of the new Prometheus. Author(s): Katz J. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1990 Fall; 77(3): 351-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2126873&dopt=Abstract

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Emotions in diary dreams. Author(s): Schredl M, Doll E. Source: Consciousness and Cognition. 1998 December; 7(4): 634-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9817817&dopt=Abstract

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Empathy and frequency of answers to questions about dreams after September 11th. Author(s): Kroth J, Bush S, Frost J, Paez A, Prakash R, Raft M. Source: Psychological Reports. 2003 June; 92(3 Pt 2): 1065-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12931917&dopt=Abstract

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Equity's powerful hold on dreams. Author(s): Zamora L. Source: Reflections. 1998 2Nd Quarter; 24(2): 12-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10214313&dopt=Abstract

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Essay review: Sleep, dreams and the symptoms of madness. Author(s): Berrios GE. Source: History of Psychiatry. 1996 March; 7(25): 183-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11609213&dopt=Abstract

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Essential hypertension: genes and dreams. Author(s): Morris BJ, Benjafield AV, Lin RC. Source: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : Cclm / Fescc. 2003 July; 41(7): 834-44. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12940506&dopt=Abstract

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Examination dreams. Author(s): Halliday G. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1993 October; 77(2): 489-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8247671&dopt=Abstract

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Experiences of phantom limb sensations in dreams. Author(s): Frank B, Lorenzoni E. Source: Psychopathology. 1989; 22(4): 182-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2798707&dopt=Abstract

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Fears, worries, and scary dreams in 4- to 12-year-old children: their content, developmental pattern, and origins. Author(s): Muris P, Merckelbach H, Gadet B, Moulaert V. Source: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 2000 March; 29(1): 43-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10693031&dopt=Abstract

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Frequency of day residue in dreams of young adults. Author(s): Harlow J, Roll S. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1992 June; 74(3 Pt 1): 832-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1608719&dopt=Abstract

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Frequency of indoor and outdoor settings in dreams: use of memory elements in dreaming processes. Author(s): Montangero J, Lecerf O. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1998 December; 87(3 Pt 2): 1297-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10052091&dopt=Abstract

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Freud's private mini-monograph on his own dreams. A contribution to the celebration of the centenary of The interpretation of dreams. Author(s): Blum HP. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 2001 October; 82(Pt 5): 953-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11723960&dopt=Abstract

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Frightening dreams and spells: a case of ventricular asystole from Lyme disease. Author(s): Weissman K, Jagminas L, Shapiro MJ. Source: European Journal of Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. 1999 December; 6(4): 397-401. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10646930&dopt=Abstract

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From disintegration to unintegration: the creation of potential space through work with dreams. Author(s): Mann G. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1998 Fall; 26(3): 389416. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10047999&dopt=Abstract

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G. C. Lichtenberg: dreams, jokes, and the unconscious in eighteenth-century Germany. Author(s): Tomlinson C. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1992; 40(3): 761-99. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1401720&dopt=Abstract

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Gender differences and geographical differences in content from dreams elicited by a television announcement. Author(s): Rubinstein K, Krippner S. Source: Int J Psychosom. 1991; 38(1-4): 40-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1778685&dopt=Abstract

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Grand dreams of perfect people. Author(s): Lachs J. Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics : Cq : the International Journal of Healthcare Ethics Committees. 2000 Summer; 9(3): 323-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10858881&dopt=Abstract

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Heat shock proteins. Facts, thoughts, and dreams. A. De Maio. Shock 11:1-12, 1999. Author(s): Wong HR. Source: Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 1999 October; 12(4): 323-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10509636&dopt=Abstract

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Heat shock proteins: facts, thoughts, and dreams. Author(s): De Maio A. Source: Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 1999 January; 11(1): 1-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9921710&dopt=Abstract

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History of psychoanalysis: Freud and dream contributing to and celebrating the centenary of The interpretation of dreams as the origin of the psychoanalytic method. Author(s): Blum H, Kafka JS. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 2002 April; 83(Pt 2): 483-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12040714&dopt=Abstract

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Hopes, dreams, and visions. Author(s): Manthey M. Source: Nursing Management. 1988 December; 19(12): 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3205514&dopt=Abstract

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How are dreams made? Towards a computational model. Author(s): Baylor GW, Deslauriers D. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1989 November; 14(4): 566-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2813639&dopt=Abstract

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How can we define the sequential organization of dreams? Author(s): Montangero J. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1991 December; 73(3 Pt 2): 1059-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1805162&dopt=Abstract

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How dreams are told: secondary revision--the critic, the editor, and the plagiarist. Author(s): Stein MH. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1989; 37(1): 65-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2708778&dopt=Abstract

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How early adolescents describe their dreams: a quantitative analysis. Author(s): Azzone P, Freni S, Maggiolini A, Provantini K, Vigano D. Source: Adolescence. 1998 Spring; 33(129): 229-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9583674&dopt=Abstract

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How to work with dreams in psychodrama: developmental therapy from an existential-dialectical viewpoint. Author(s): Verhofstadt-Deneve LM. Source: Int J Group Psychother. 1995 July; 45(3): 405-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7649701&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotically recalling dreams during analysis. Author(s): Calogeras RC. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1995 April; 82(2): 207-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7644595&dopt=Abstract

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Incorporation of pain in dreams of hospitalized burn victims. Author(s): Raymond I, Nielsen TA, Lavigne G, Choiniere M. Source: Sleep. 2002 November 1; 25(7): 765-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12405613&dopt=Abstract

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Insights into the struggle of creativity. A rereading of Anna Freud's “Beating fantasies and daydreams”. Author(s): Blass RB. Source: Psychoanal Study Child. 1993; 48: 67-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8234561&dopt=Abstract

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Interpreting dreams for corrective regimen: diagnostic dreams in Greco-Roman medicine. Author(s): Holowchak MA. Source: Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 2001 October; 56(4): 38299. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11764598&dopt=Abstract

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Intrinsic dreams are not produced without REM sleep mechanisms: evidence through elicitation of sleep onset REM periods. Author(s): Takeuchi T, Miyasita A, Inugami M, Yamamoto Y. Source: Journal of Sleep Research. 2001 March; 10(1): 43-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11285054&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated sleep paralysis, vivid dreams and geomagnetic influences: II. Author(s): Conesa J. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1997 October; 85(2): 579-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9347546&dopt=Abstract

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Killer dreams. Author(s): Parmar MS, Luque-Coqui AF. Source: The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 1998 November; 14(11): 1389-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9854521&dopt=Abstract

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Language learning efficiency, dreams and REM sleep. Author(s): De Koninck J, Christ G, Hebert G, Rinfret N. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1990 June; 15(2): 91-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2374794&dopt=Abstract

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Life, death, and rebirth: images of transformation and renewal in dreams. Author(s): Muff J. Source: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 1997 April-June; 33(2): 31-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9258049&dopt=Abstract

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Masculinity-femininity in East African dreams and personality. Author(s): Munroe RL, Munroe RH, Harrelson J, Bui T. Source: The Journal of Social Psychology. 1994 February; 134(1): 127-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8152220&dopt=Abstract

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Measuring the statistical probability of dreams? Author(s): Swanson GD. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2001 March; 7(2): 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253411&dopt=Abstract

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Mechanical cardiac-support devices--dreams and devilish details. Author(s): Jessup M. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 November 15; 345(20): 1490-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11794200&dopt=Abstract

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Memory formation in sleep: giving a wave to dreams. Commentary on 'memory failures, dream illusions and mental malfunction', by J. Lee Kavanau. Author(s): Born J, Wagner U. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 2001; 44(4): 212-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11702022&dopt=Abstract

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Memory sources of REM and NREM dreams. Author(s): Cavallero C, Foulkes D, Hollifield M, Terry R. Source: Sleep. 1990 October; 13(5): 449-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2287856&dopt=Abstract

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Mending broken dreams. Author(s): Goldsmith J. Source: Reflections. 1996 Spring; 22(1): 6-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8900727&dopt=Abstract

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Metamorphoses of the interpretation of dreams. Freud's conflicted relations with his book of the century. Author(s): Grubrich-Simitis I. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 2000 December; 81 Pt 6: 1155-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11144855&dopt=Abstract

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Modeling precognitive dreams as meaningful coincidences. Author(s): Houran J, Lange R. Source: Psychological Reports. 1998 December; 83(3 Pt 2): 1411-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10079733&dopt=Abstract

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Narcolepsy -- cataplexy and psychoanalytic theory of sleep and dreams. Author(s): Bladin PF. Source: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 2000 August; 9(2): 203-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11608942&dopt=Abstract

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Narcolepsy--cataplexy and psychoanalytic theory of sleep and dreams. Author(s): Bladin PF. Source: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 2000 August; 9(2): 203-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11232520&dopt=Abstract

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Nightmare after trauma as paradigm for all dreams: a new approach to the nature and functions of dreaming. Author(s): Hartmann E. Source: Psychiatry. 1998 Fall; 61(3): 223-38. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9823032&dopt=Abstract

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Nightmares and bad dreams: their prevalence and relationship to well-being. Author(s): Zadra A, Donderi DC. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000 May; 109(2): 273-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10895565&dopt=Abstract

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Nightmares, dreams, and schizotypy. Author(s): Claridge G, Clark K, Davis C. Source: The British Journal of Clinical Psychology / the British Psychological Society. 1997 September; 36 ( Pt 3): 377-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9309353&dopt=Abstract

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Note on the relevance of dreams for evolutionary psychology. Author(s): Brubaker LL. Source: Psychological Reports. 1998 June; 82(3 Pt 1): 1006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9676512&dopt=Abstract

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On “Telepathic dreams?”: an unpublished paper by Robert J. Stoller. Author(s): Mayer EL. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2001 Spring; 49(2): 629-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11508380&dopt=Abstract

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On the analysis of defenses in dreams. Author(s): Goldberger M. Source: Psychoanal Q. 1989 July; 58(3): 396-418. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2772101&dopt=Abstract

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On the neuropsychology of dreams. Author(s): Miller L. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1989 Fall; 76(3): 375-401. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2508144&dopt=Abstract

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One possible function of sleep: to produce dreams. Author(s): Mancia M. Source: Behavioural Brain Research. 1995 July-August; 69(1-2): 203-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7546312&dopt=Abstract

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Overview: pharmacogenomics of psychiatric disorders--separating the dreams from the realities. Author(s): Briley M, Moret C. Source: Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 August; 2(8): 1105-7. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11892921&dopt=Abstract

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Pain in dreams. Author(s): Nielsen TA, McGregor DL, Zadra A, Ilnicki D, Ouellet L. Source: Sleep. 1993 August; 16(5): 490-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7690981&dopt=Abstract

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Physical motion in dreams: one measure of three theories. Author(s): Porte HS, Hobson JA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996 August; 105(3): 329-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8772003&dopt=Abstract

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Play, dreams, and creativity. Author(s): Oremland JD. Source: Psychoanal Study Child. 1998; 53: 84-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9990824&dopt=Abstract

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Prevailing mood, mood changes and dreams in bipolar disorder. Author(s): Beauchemin KM, Hays P. Source: Journal of Affective Disorders. 1995 October 9; 35(1-2): 41-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8557886&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of auditory, olfactory, and gustatory experiences in home dreams. Author(s): Zadra AL, Nielsen TA, Donderi DC. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1998 December; 87(3 Pt 1): 819-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9885043&dopt=Abstract

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Primary process, hypnotic dreams, and the hidden observer: hypnosis versus alert imagining. Author(s): Pinnell CM, Lynn SJ, Pinnell JP. Source: Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1998 October; 46(4): 351-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9780526&dopt=Abstract

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Processing of memories and knowledge in REM and NREM dreams. Author(s): Foulkes D, Bradley L, Cavellero C, Hollifield M. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1989 April; 68(2): 365-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2717343&dopt=Abstract

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Progression of dreams of crack cocaine abusers as a predictor of treatment outcome: a preliminary report. Author(s): Reid SD, Simeon DT. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2001 December; 189(12): 854-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11794579&dopt=Abstract

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Propofol and thiopental anesthesia: a comparison of the incidence of dreams and perioperative mood alterations. Author(s): Oxorn D, Orser B, Ferris LE, Harrington E. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1994 September; 79(3): 553-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8067563&dopt=Abstract

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Psychic reality and dreams. Author(s): Levine HB. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1996 February; 77 ( Pt 1): 71-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8737355&dopt=Abstract

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Psychoanalysis and the neurosciences: a topical debate on dreams. Author(s): Mancia M. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1999 December; 80 ( Pt 6): 1205-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10669969&dopt=Abstract

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Psychopathological correlates of contextualized images in dreams. Author(s): Levin R, Basile R. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 2003 February; 96(1): 224-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12705530&dopt=Abstract

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Psychotherapists' dreams about their patients. Author(s): Kron T, Avny N. Source: The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 2003 June; 48(3): 317-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12833808&dopt=Abstract

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Recollection of dreams after short general anaesthesia: influence on patient anxiety and satisfaction. Author(s): Hellwagner K, Holzer A, Gustorff B, Schroegendorfer K, Greher M, Weindlmayr-Goettel M, Saletu B, Lackner FX. Source: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2003 April; 20(4): 282-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12703832&dopt=Abstract

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Recurring themes and images in a series of consecutive REM dreams. Author(s): Roberts R. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1988 December; 67(3): 767-77. Erratum In: Percept Mot Skills 1989 April; 68(2): Preceding 343. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3226826&dopt=Abstract

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Regarding dreams. Author(s): Siegel B. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2000 January; 6(1): 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10631817&dopt=Abstract

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Repetitive and frightening dreams and suicidal behavior in patients with major depression. Author(s): Agargun MY, Cilli AS, Kara H, Tarhan N, Kincir F, Oz H. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1998 July-August; 39(4): 198-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9675503&dopt=Abstract

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Repetitive dreams and the central masturbation fantasy. Author(s): Hull JW, Lane RC. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1996 October; 83(5): 673-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8994269&dopt=Abstract

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Repetitive relationship themes in waking narratives and dreams. Author(s): Popp CA, Diguer L, Luborsky L, Faude J, Johnson S, Morris M, Schaffer N, Schaffler P, Schmidt K. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1996 October; 64(5): 1073-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8916638&dopt=Abstract

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Respiratory dreams and nightmares. Author(s): Douglas NJ. Source: Br J Hosp Med. 1997 February 5-18; 57(3): 95-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9196587&dopt=Abstract

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Respiratory dreams and nightmares. Author(s): Douglas N. Source: Thorax. 1996 September; 51(9): 882-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8984697&dopt=Abstract

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Savant syndrome and dreams. Author(s): Blechner MJ. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 2003 August; 84(Pt 4): 1061-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=13678506&dopt=Abstract

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Selective recall of surprising visual scenes. An experimental note on Seligman and Yellen's theory of dreams. Author(s): van den Hout MA, Zijlstra BC, Merckelbach H. Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1989; 27(2): 199-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2930446&dopt=Abstract

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Sex differences in east African dreams of aggression. Author(s): Munroe RL, Munroe RH, Turner J, Zaron E, Potter HA, Woulbroun EJ. Source: The Journal of Social Psychology. 1989 October; 129(5): 727-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2811328&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep and dreams in Vietnam PTSD and depression. Author(s): Dow BM, Kelsoe JR Jr, Gillin JC. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1996 January 1; 39(1): 42-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8719125&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep and functional bowel disorders: can bad bowels cause bad dreams? Author(s): Orr WC. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2000 May; 95(5): 1118-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811314&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep dreams of women in the childbearing years: a review of research. Author(s): Massicotte Pass C. Source: Holistic Nursing Practice. 1996 July; 10(4): 12-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8717993&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep, dreams, and job satisfaction. Author(s): Kroth J, Daline A, Longstreet D, Nelson M, O'Neal LA. Source: Psychological Reports. 2002 June; 90(3 Pt 1): 876-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12090523&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep, dreams, and sudden death: the case for sleep as an autonomic stress test for the heart. Author(s): Verrier RL, Muller JE, Hobson JA. Source: Cardiovascular Research. 1996 February; 31(2): 181-211. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8730394&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing. Author(s): Stickgold R, Hobson JA, Fosse R, Fosse M. Source: Science. 2001 November 2; 294(5544): 1052-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11691983&dopt=Abstract

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Snoring and anxiety dreams. Author(s): de Groen JH, Op den Velde W, Hovens JE, Falger PR, Schouten EG, van Duijn H. Source: Sleep. 1993 January; 16(1): 35-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8456233&dopt=Abstract

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Speculations in “Temporal delays in incorporation of events into dreams”: a reply to Roll. Author(s): Powell RA, Nielsen TA. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1996 February; 82(1): 88-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8668507&dopt=Abstract

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Standardization: dreams, myths and reality. Author(s): Esch RE, White W. Source: Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesamt Sera Impfstoffe Frankf a M. 1997; (91): 134-6; Discussion 137. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9383902&dopt=Abstract

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Studies on nap sleep in young students. Relationships between polygraphic data and the occurrence of dreams in replacing naps. Author(s): Islas-Marroquin J, Delgado-Brambila HA. Source: Archives of Medical Research. 1998 Summer; 29(2): 149-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9650330&dopt=Abstract

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Symbolic meanings of island in dreams. Author(s): Takao H. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998 February; 52(1): 59-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9682934&dopt=Abstract

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Symbols, dreams, and self-reflection: some cases from African suriname in Europe. Author(s): van Wetering I. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1997 April; 84(2): 189-216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9211584&dopt=Abstract

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Synchrony, sleep, dreams, and consciousness: clues from K-complexes. Author(s): Mahowald MW. Source: Neurology. 1997 October; 49(4): 909-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9339666&dopt=Abstract

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Teen dreams. Author(s): Fitzpatrick M. Source: Lancet. 2003 October 11; 362(9391): 1248. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14568769&dopt=Abstract

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Temporal aberrations in dreams. Author(s): Artinian BL. Source: Saudi Med J. 2000 May; 21(5): 501. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11500695&dopt=Abstract

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The angel of dreams: toward an ethnology of dream interpreting. Author(s): Wax ML. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1999 Fall; 27(3): 41729. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10615640&dopt=Abstract

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The brain decade in debate: VII. Neurobiology of sleep and dreams. Author(s): Aloe F, Amzica F, Hening W, Menna-Barreto L, Pinto LR Jr, Velluti R, Vertes R, Timo-Iaria C. Source: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas / Sociedade Brasileira De Biofisica. [et Al.]. 2001 December; 34(12): 1509-19. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11717703&dopt=Abstract

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The changing role of “using” dreams in addiction recovery. Author(s): Flowers LK, Zweben JE. Source: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1998 May-June; 15(3): 193-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9633031&dopt=Abstract

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The changing roles of dream interpreters in the understanding of dreams. Author(s): Delaney G. Source: Int J Psychosom. 1993; 40(1-4): 6-8; Discussion 14-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8070988&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of midazolam on propofol-induced anesthesia: propofol dose requirements, mood profiles, and perioperative dreams. Author(s): Oxorn DC, Ferris LE, Harrington E, Orser BA. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997 September; 85(3): 553-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9296408&dopt=Abstract

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The holistic nurse entrepreneur: dreams and visions. Author(s): Shames K. Source: Beginnings. 1996 October; 16(9): 9, 15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9006152&dopt=Abstract

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The hypnotic dreams of healthy children and children with cancer: a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Author(s): LeBaron S, Fanurik D, Zeltzer LK. Source: Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2001 October; 49(4): 305-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11596826&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of dream interpretation using psychological kinesiology on the frequency of recurring dreams. Author(s): Webb DE Jr, Fagan J. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1993; 59(3-4): 203-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8416097&dopt=Abstract

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The importance of dreams and action in the adolescent process. Author(s): Ladame F. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1995 December; 76 ( Pt 6): 1143-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8789165&dopt=Abstract

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The informational value of dreams and associations. Author(s): Olsson G. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 1996 March; 37(1): 16-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8900817&dopt=Abstract

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The interpretation of daydreams, I. Author(s): Raphling D. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1996; 44(2): 533-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8829104&dopt=Abstract

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The irritable bowel syndrome: in your dreams? Author(s): Orr WC. Source: The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1993 May; 88(5): 781-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8480751&dopt=Abstract

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The manifest content of dreams. Author(s): Gallego-Mere A. Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1989 June; 49(2): 95-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2751004&dopt=Abstract

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The manifest problem as the psychoanalytic unit in the interpretation of dreams. Author(s): Schwartz W. Source: Int J Psychosom. 1993; 40(1-4): 11-3; Discussion 14-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8070979&dopt=Abstract

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The meaning of dreams in the psychotic state. Theoretical considerations and clinical applications. Author(s): Capozzi P, de Masi F. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 2001 October; 82(Pt 5): 933-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11723959&dopt=Abstract

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The narrative and rhetoric of dreams: six literary fragments by a novelist. Author(s): Groves JE. Source: American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1997 Winter; 51(1): 1-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9139542&dopt=Abstract

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The passions and perils of interpretation (of dreams and texts): an appreciation of Erik Erikson's Dream specimen paper. Author(s): Coen SJ. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1996 June; 77 ( Pt 3): 537-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8818769&dopt=Abstract

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The 'possible' dreams of mental health reform. Author(s): Billings C. Source: The American Nurse. 1993 February; 25(2): 5, 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8439067&dopt=Abstract

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The pregnancy-related dreams of pregnant women. Author(s): Blake RL Jr, Reimann J. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1993 March-April; 6(2): 117-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8452063&dopt=Abstract

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The reinterpretation of dreams: an evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Author(s): Revonsuo A. Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2000 December; 23(6): 877-901; Discussion 904-1121. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11515147&dopt=Abstract

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The spiritual art of working with dreams. Author(s): Gilbert T. Source: Journal of Holistic Nursing : Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association. 2002 September; 20(3): 305-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12240959&dopt=Abstract

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The stuff that dreams aren't made of: why wake-state and dream-state sensory experiences differ. Author(s): Symons D. Source: Cognition. 1993 June; 47(3): 181-217. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8370242&dopt=Abstract

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The use of dreams in psychotherapy: a survey of psychotherapists in private practice. Author(s): Schredl M, Bohusch C, Kahl J, Mader A, Somesan A. Source: The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 2000 Spring; 9(2): 81-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10793127&dopt=Abstract

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The use of dreams in the evaluation of severely disturbed patients. Author(s): Friedman RM. Source: American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1992 March; 52(1): 13-30, Discussion 31-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1558227&dopt=Abstract

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The usefulness of dreams during pregnancy. Author(s): Ablon SL. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1994 April; 75 ( Pt 2): 291-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8063485&dopt=Abstract

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Three days for weeping: dreams, emotions, and death in the Peruvian Amazon. Author(s): Shepard GH Jr. Source: Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 2002 June; 16(2): 200-29. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12087629&dopt=Abstract

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Use of dreams by psychopharmacologists. Author(s): Ostow M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002 February; 159(2): 319-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11823286&dopt=Abstract

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Use of dreams in therapy: a survey of clinicians in private practice. Author(s): Keller JW, Brown G, Maier K, Steinfurth K, Hall S, Piotrowski C. Source: Psychological Reports. 1995 June; 76(3 Pt 2): 1288-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7480497&dopt=Abstract

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Uses of dreams. Author(s): Gottschalk LA. Source: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1995; 64(3-4): 113-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8657841&dopt=Abstract

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Validation of the psychoanalytic clinical process: the role of dreams. Author(s): De Azevedo AM. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1994 December; 75 ( Pt 5-6): 118192. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7536185&dopt=Abstract

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Variations in EEG coherence as an index of the affective content of dreams from REM sleep: relationships with face imagery. Author(s): Nielsen TA, Chenier V. Source: Brain and Cognition. 1999 November; 41(2): 200-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10590819&dopt=Abstract

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Waking dreams and other metachoric experiences. Author(s): Green C. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1990 June; 15(2): 123-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2374788&dopt=Abstract

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Was Anna O.'s black snake hallucination a sleep paralysis nightmare? Dreams, memories, and trauma. Author(s): Powell RA, Nielsen TA. Source: Psychiatry. 1998 Fall; 61(3): 239-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9823033&dopt=Abstract

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What makes dreams positive or negative: relations to fundamental dimensions of positive and negative mood. Author(s): Kallmeyer RJ, Chang EC. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1998 February; 86(1): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9530737&dopt=Abstract

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When dreams become a royal road to confusion: realistic dreams, dissociation, and fantasy proneness. Author(s): Rassin E, Merckelbach H, Spaan V. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2001 July; 189(7): 478-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11504326&dopt=Abstract

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Who needs their dreams? The usefulness of dreams in psychotherapy. Author(s): Cartwright RD. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1993 Winter; 21(4): 539-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8138458&dopt=Abstract

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Women's dreams reported during first pregnancy. Author(s): Dagan Y, Lapidot A, Eisenstein M. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2001 February; 55(1): 13-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11235851&dopt=Abstract

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Working with dreams in a bereavement therapy group. Author(s): Moss E. Source: Int J Group Psychother. 2002 April; 52(2): 151-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11928197&dopt=Abstract

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Academic Periodicals covering Dreams Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to dreams. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

Dissertations on Dreams ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to dreams. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “dreams” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

The Effect of Group Dreamwork on Spiritual Well-Being (Dreamwork) by Dahlenburg, Robin Taylor, EDD from University of South Dakota, 1992, 123 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9315327

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Voices, Mirrors, Names, and Dreams: a Case History of Participatory Management at Appalshop (Broadcast Media, Film, Oral History) by Abbate-Winkel, Dee, EDD from Northern Illinois University, 1995, 280 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9536701

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND DREAMS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and dreams.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Dreams The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. Once you have entered the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

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Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following is a typical result when searching for recently indexed consumer information on dreams: •

Perchance to dream: the search for a good night's sleep. Source: Liebman, B. Nutr-action-health-lett. [Washington, D.C. : Center for Science in the Public Interest,. Sept 1999. volume 26 (7) page 9-11. 0885-7792

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “dreams” (or a synonym): •

Aristotle on 'distinguished physicians' and on the medical significance of dreams. Source: van der Eijk, P J Clio-Med. 1995; 28447-59 0045-7183

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Dementia--the failure of hippocampal plasticity and dreams. Is there a preventative role for melatonin? Source: Maurizi, C P Med-Hypotheses. 1987 September; 24(1): 59-68 0306-9877

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Dream structure in Parkinson's patients. Author(s): Institute of Human Physiology, University of Modena, Italy. Source: Cipolli, C Bolzani, R Massetani, R Murri, L Muratorio, A J-Nerv-Ment-Dis. 1992 August; 180(8): 516-23 0022-3018

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Dreams and healing: reclaiming a lost tradition. Source: Dossey, L Altern-Ther-Health-Med. 1999 November; 5(6): 12-7, 111-7 1078-6791

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Effects of pyridoxine on dreaming: a preliminary study. Author(s): City College of New York, USA. Source: Ebben, Matthew Lequerica, Anthony Spielman, Arthur Percept-Mot-Skills. 2002 February; 94(1): 135-40 0031-5125

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On being a patient. To dream. Author(s): [email protected] Source: Epstein, N Ann-Intern-Med. 1999 October 5; 131(7): 540-1 0003-4819

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Peri-operative dreaming in paediatric patients who receive suxamethonium. Author(s): Department of Anaesthetics, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool. Source: O'Sullivan, E P Childs, D Bush, G H Anaesthesia. 1988 February; 43(2): 104-6 0003-2409

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The function of dreams (REM sleep): roles for the hippocampus, melatonin, monoamines, and vasotocin. Source: Maurizi, C P Med-Hypotheses. 1987 August; 23(4): 433-40 0306-9877

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This and that: deception and the stuff of dreams. Source: Max, B Trends-Pharmacol-Sci. 1988 June; 9(6): 198-200 0165-6147

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND DREAMS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to dreams. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to dreams and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to dreams: •

“Everyone who dreams has a bit of shaman”: cultural and personal meanings of dreams--evidence from the Amazon. Author(s): Kracke WH. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1987 June; 12(2): 65-72. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3303085&dopt=Abstract

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A methodological study of the effect of experimentally induced demand characteristics in research on nocturnal dreams. Author(s): Stern DA, Saayman GS, Touyz SW. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1978 August; 87(4): 459-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=681619&dopt=Abstract

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A new observation regarding the manifest content and possible meaning of dreams. Author(s): Seely S.

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Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1980 October; 6(10): 1077-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7432239&dopt=Abstract •

Approaches to the study of hypnotic dreams. Author(s): Tart CT. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1969 June; 28(3): 864. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5808981&dopt=Abstract

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Aristotle on 'distinguished physicians' and on the medical significance of dreams. Author(s): van der Eijk PJ. Source: Clio Medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 1995; 28: 447-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7789110&dopt=Abstract

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Asklepian dreams: the ethos of the wounded-healer in the clinical encounter. Author(s): Kirmayer LJ. Source: Transcultural Psychiatry. 2003 June; 40(2): 248-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12940648&dopt=Abstract

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Auto-interpretation of dreams and art productions. Hypoanalysis of a case of amnesia. Author(s): Barahal HS. Source: The Psychiatric Quarterly. 1967 October; 41(4): 607-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4169684&dopt=Abstract

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Captive realities and dreams of release. Author(s): McCracken L. Source: Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2002 Summer; (62): 26. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12101910&dopt=Abstract

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Changes in mastery style with age: a study of Navajo dreams. Author(s): Krohn A, Gutmann D. Source: Psychiatry. 1971 August; 34(3): 289-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5571702&dopt=Abstract

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Comment on Tarts “approaches to the study of hypnotic dreams”. Author(s): Schneck JM. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1969 June; 28(3): 982. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5808991&dopt=Abstract

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Cyclical changes in emotional information processing in sleep and dreams. Author(s): Severino SK, Bucci W, Creelman ML.

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Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1989 Winter; 17(4): 555-77. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2695504&dopt=Abstract •

Depression: dreams and defenses. Author(s): Kramer M, Whitman RM, Baldridge B, Lansky L. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1965 October; 122(4): 411-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5317913&dopt=Abstract

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Dialogue on 'The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice'. Author(s): Curtis HC, Sachs DM. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1976; 57(3): 343-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=965169&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and conflicts. Author(s): Ornstein PH. Source: Ohio State Med J. 1966 December; 62(12): 1275-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5924333&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and dreaming in relation to trauma in childhood. Author(s): Dowling S. Source: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 1982; 63(Pt 2): 157-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7129764&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams and healing: reclaiming a lost tradition. Author(s): Dossey L. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1999 November; 5(6): 12-7, 111-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10550899&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams as a possible reflection of a dissociated self-monitoring system. Author(s): Gabel S. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1989 September; 177(9): 560-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2671261&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams as nonlocal connections. Author(s): Mayo PE. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1998 September; 4(5): 97-8, 103111. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9737034&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams in group therapy: a review of the literature. Author(s): Gold VJ. Source: Int J Group Psychother. 1973 October; 23(4): 394-407. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4585813&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams of the rarebit fiend: neuromedical synthesis of unconscious meaning. Author(s): Forrest DV. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1987 July; 15(3): 33163. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3610722&dopt=Abstract

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Dreams, free association, and the non-dominant hemisphere: an integration of psychoanalytical, neurophysiological, and historical data. Author(s): Stone MH. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1977 April; 5(2): 25584. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=192703&dopt=Abstract

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Food dreams and illness among Nigerians--a pilot study. Author(s): Ilechukwu ST. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1985 June; 10(2): 89-94. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3895273&dopt=Abstract

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Function of dreams. Author(s): Breger L. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1967 October; 72(5): Suppl: 1-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6075555&dopt=Abstract

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How to work with dreams in psychodrama: developmental therapy from an existential-dialectical viewpoint. Author(s): Verhofstadt-Deneve LM. Source: Int J Group Psychother. 1995 July; 45(3): 405-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7649701&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotic change in combat dreams of two veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Author(s): Eichelman B. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 January; 142(1): 112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3966569&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotic dreams and hypnoanalysis. Author(s): Schneck JM.

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Source: Dis Nerv Syst. 1966 April; 27(4): 248-51. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5936137&dopt=Abstract •

Hypnotically induced dreams using the Rorschach inkblots as stimuli: a test of Freud's theory of dreams. Author(s): Wiseman RJ, Reyher J. Source: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1973 September; 27(3): 329-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4582396&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotically recalling dreams during analysis. Author(s): Calogeras RC. Source: Psychoanalytic Review. 1995 April; 82(2): 207-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7644595&dopt=Abstract

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Images of life on the verge of death: dreams and drawings of people with AIDS. Author(s): Muff J. Source: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 1996 July-September; 32(3): 10-21; Discussion 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9121858&dopt=Abstract

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In search of the saddiq: visitational dreams among Moroccan Jews in Israel. Author(s): Bilu Y, Abramovitch H. Source: Psychiatry. 1985 February; 48(1): 83-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2579410&dopt=Abstract

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Induced dreams during hypnotic sleep in neurotics. Author(s): Horvai I. Source: Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1969; 11(2): 154-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5803978&dopt=Abstract

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Induced dreams. Additional contributions to the theory and therapeutic applications of dreams hypnotically induced. Author(s): Sacerdote P. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1968 January; 10(3): 167-73. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5641833&dopt=Abstract

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Japanese dreams: culture and cosmology. Author(s): Koyama S. Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1995 May; 49(2): 99-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8726122&dopt=Abstract

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Keynote address: making your healthcare dreams come true. Author(s): Adams P. Source: J Healthc Des. 1996; 8: 5-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10160320&dopt=Abstract

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Killer dreams. Author(s): Parmar MS, Luque-Coqui AF. Source: The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 1998 November; 14(11): 1389-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9854521&dopt=Abstract

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Laboratory studies of effects of presleep events on sleep and dreams. Author(s): Baekeland F. Source: Int Psychiatry Clin. 1970; 7(2): 49-58. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4316523&dopt=Abstract

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Measuring the statistical probability of dreams? Author(s): Swanson GD. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2001 March; 7(2): 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253411&dopt=Abstract

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Meditation and archetypal content of nocturnal dreams. Author(s): Faber PA, Saayman GS, Touyz SW. Source: The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 1978 January; 23(1): 1-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=344296&dopt=Abstract

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Memory sources of REM and NREM dreams. Author(s): Cavallero C, Foulkes D, Hollifield M, Terry R. Source: Sleep. 1990 October; 13(5): 449-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2287856&dopt=Abstract

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Motivated involvement in hypnosis: the illustration of clinical rapport through hypnotic dreams. Author(s): Sheehan PW, Dolby RM. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1979 October; 88(5): 573-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=500966&dopt=Abstract

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Observations on hypnotic dreams. Author(s): Schneck JM. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1969 April; 28(2): 458. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5803467&dopt=Abstract

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Observations on the effects of anxiety and anger on the content of concurrent dreams. Author(s): Torda C. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1975 April; 17(4): 253-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=169684&dopt=Abstract

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Opinion: neural stem cell therapy for neurological diseases: dreams and reality. Author(s): Rossi F, Cattaneo E. Source: Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2002 May; 3(5): 401-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11988779&dopt=Abstract

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Origin of dreams: anticipation of modern theories in the philosophy and physiology of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Author(s): Lavie P, Hobson JA. Source: Psychological Bulletin. 1986 September; 100(2): 229-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3532158&dopt=Abstract

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Personality and dreams. Author(s): Foulkes D. Source: Int Psychiatry Clin. 1970; 7(2): 147-53. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4316494&dopt=Abstract

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Physical motion in dreams: one measure of three theories. Author(s): Porte HS, Hobson JA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996 August; 105(3): 329-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8772003&dopt=Abstract

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Posthypnotically suggested dreams and the sleep cycle. Author(s): STOYVA JM. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1965 March; 12: 287-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14246177&dopt=Abstract

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Primary process, hypnotic dreams, and the hidden observer: hypnosis versus alert imagining. Author(s): Pinnell CM, Lynn SJ, Pinnell JP. Source: Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1998 October; 46(4): 351-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9780526&dopt=Abstract

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Processing of memories and knowledge in REM and NREM dreams. Author(s): Foulkes D, Bradley L, Cavellero C, Hollifield M. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1989 April; 68(2): 365-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2717343&dopt=Abstract

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Psychological treatment of an asthmatic patient in crisis. Dreams, biofeedback, and pain behavior modification. Author(s): Meany J, McNamara M, Burks V, Berger TW, Sayle DM. Source: The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma. 1988; 25(3): 141-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3182587&dopt=Abstract

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Rapid eye movements in hypnotically induced dreams. Author(s): Brady JP, Rosner BS. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1966 July; 143(1): 28-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5957581&dopt=Abstract

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Reassociation of dreams. I. Repetitive analysis of the first dream to induce regression, resolve a negative transference, and assess improvement. A series of verbatim recordings. Author(s): Abramson HA. Source: J Asthma Res. 1971 March; 8(3): 115-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5104142&dopt=Abstract

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Recall of dreams and the probability of stage 1-REM sleep. Author(s): Webb WB, Kersey J. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1967 April; 24(2): 627-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6040240&dopt=Abstract

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Regarding dreams. Author(s): Siegel B. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2000 January; 6(1): 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10631817&dopt=Abstract

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Remembering dreams through autosuggestion: relationship of menstruation and ovulation to the autosuggestion dream recall cycle. Author(s): Frenkel RE. Source: Behav Neuropsychiatry. 1971 June-July; 3(3): 2-11 Passim. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4337139&dopt=Abstract

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Rorschach movement and dreams: a validation study using drug-induced dream deprivation. Author(s): Lerner B. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1966 April; 71(2): 75-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5910957&dopt=Abstract

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Saints, Jnun, and Dreams: An essay in Moroccan ethnopsychology. Author(s): Crapanzano V. Source: Psychiatry. 1975 May; 38(2): 145-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1144570&dopt=Abstract

•

Self-discrepancy and frequency of daydreams: replication with female Ss. Author(s): Gardiner HW. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1970 June; 30(3): 970. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5429347&dopt=Abstract

•

Shattered dreams. Author(s): Heffner B. Source: Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing. 1989; 12(4): 303-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2599895&dopt=Abstract

•

Shattered dreams. Interview by Dina Leifer. Author(s): McKean S. Source: Nursing Standard : Official Newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing. 1996 September 11; 10(51): 26-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8949164&dopt=Abstract

•

Sleep dreams, cerebral dominance and creation. A new approach to the problem. Author(s): Rotenberg VS. Source: Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1985 April-June; 20(2): 53-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3889798&dopt=Abstract

•

Some projective techniques in hypnotherapy: induction of dreams and real versus hallucinated sensory hypnoplasty. Author(s): Sacerdote P, Sacerdote P. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1969 April; 11(4): 253-64. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4889593&dopt=Abstract

•

Study of dreams by using “REMP-awakening technique” psychophysiological study of dreams in normal subjects. 1. Author(s): Fukuma E. Source: Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 1969 October; 71(10): 960-79. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4311095&dopt=Abstract

•

Symbols in shadows. A study of shadows in dreams. Author(s): Sarnoff CA.

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Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1972 January; 20(1): 59-91. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4111931&dopt=Abstract •

Temporal patterns of dreams. Author(s): Van de Castle RL. Source: Int Psychiatry Clin. 1970; 7(2): 171-81. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4316498&dopt=Abstract

•

The activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams: a theoretical note. Author(s): Labruzza AL. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1978 December; 135(12): 1536-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=717573&dopt=Abstract

•

The effects of an auditory subliminal message upon the production of images and dreams. Author(s): Kaser VA. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1986 July; 174(7): 397-407. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3723126&dopt=Abstract

•

The effects of midazolam on propofol-induced anesthesia: propofol dose requirements, mood profiles, and perioperative dreams. Author(s): Oxorn DC, Ferris LE, Harrington E, Orser BA. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997 September; 85(3): 553-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9296408&dopt=Abstract

•

The hidden observer, hypnotic dreams, and age regression: clinical implications. Author(s): Lynn SJ, Mare C, Kvaal S, Segal D, Sivec H. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1994 October; 37(2): 130-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7992804&dopt=Abstract

•

The holistic nurse entrepreneur: dreams and visions. Author(s): Shames K. Source: Beginnings. 1996 October; 16(9): 9, 15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9006152&dopt=Abstract

•

The hypnotic dreams of healthy children and children with cancer: a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Author(s): LeBaron S, Fanurik D, Zeltzer LK. Source: Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2001 October; 49(4): 305-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11596826&dopt=Abstract

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The 'ordinary' dreams of the Yolngu in Arnhem Land. Author(s): Cawte J. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 September; 18(3): 236-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6593054&dopt=Abstract

•

The physiology, psychology, and utilization of dreams. Author(s): Whitman RM, Kramer M, Ornstein PH, Baldridge BJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1967 September; 124(3): 287-302. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5342254&dopt=Abstract

•

The reinforcement of hypnotically induced responses through age regression and age regression dreams. Author(s): Kline MV. Source: J Am Soc Psychosom Dent Med. 1965 October; 12(4): 92-104. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5214874&dopt=Abstract

•

The reinterpretation of dreams: an evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Author(s): Revonsuo A. Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2000 December; 23(6): 877-901; Discussion 904-1121. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11515147&dopt=Abstract

•

The relation of experimentally induced presleep experiences to dreams. A report on method and preliminary findings. Author(s): Witkin HA, Lewis HB. Source: J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1965 October; 13(4): 819-49. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5857605&dopt=Abstract

•

The scientific study of sleep and dreams. Author(s): Hursch CJ. Source: Int Psychiatry Clin. 1970; 7(2): 387-402. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4316521&dopt=Abstract

•

The single-mindedness and isolation of dreams. Author(s): Rechtschaffen A. Source: Sleep. 1978 September; 1(1): 97-109. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=227026&dopt=Abstract

•

The spiritual art of working with dreams. Author(s): Gilbert T.

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Source: Journal of Holistic Nursing : Official Journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association. 2002 September; 20(3): 305-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12240959&dopt=Abstract •

This and that: deception and the stuff of dreams. Author(s): Max B. Source: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 1988 June; 9(6): 198-200. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3073554&dopt=Abstract

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Toward a psycho-structural theory: hypnosis and the structure of dreams. Author(s): Hall JA. Source: Am J Clin Hypn. 1984 January; 26(3): 159-65. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6486071&dopt=Abstract

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Types of hypnotic dreams and their relation to hypnotic depth. Author(s): Tart CT. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1966 October; 71(5): 377-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5969974&dopt=Abstract

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Variations in EEG coherence as an index of the affective content of dreams from REM sleep: relationships with face imagery. Author(s): Nielsen TA, Chenier V. Source: Brain and Cognition. 1999 November; 41(2): 200-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10590819&dopt=Abstract

•

Vietnam and madness: dreams of schizophrenic veterans. Author(s): Wilmer HA. Source: The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. 1982 January; 10(1): 46-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7068466&dopt=Abstract

•

When dreams become reality. Author(s): Mazzoni GA, Loftus EF. Source: Consciousness and Cognition. 1996 December; 5(4): 442-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9063610&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to dreams; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •

General Overview Alcohol Withdrawal Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Insomnia Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Insomnia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com PTSD Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Rubella Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sleep Apnea Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Sleeplessness Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

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Stress Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com •

Alternative Therapy Bach Flower Remedies Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,673,00.html Beyond Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/b.html Biosonic Mantric Dream Repatterning Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/b.html Biosonics Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/b.html Chakra Innertuning Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/c.html Creative Visualization Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/c.html Dehypnotherapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/d.html Dream Changing Alternative names: Dream Change Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/d.html Dream Counseling Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/d.html

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Dreamlearning Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/d.html Dreamwork Alternative names: dreamworking Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/d.html Enneagram System Alternative names: Enneagram Enneatype system Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/e.html Focusing Alternative names: Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy Focusing-Oriented Therapy Focusing Process Focusing Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/f.html Gestalt Therapy Alternative names: Gestalt Gestalt Psychotherapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/g.html Guided Imagery Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,699,00.html Huna Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/h.html Hypnoanalysis Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/h.html Hypnotherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,706,00.html

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Jungian Dream Interpretation Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/j.html Oriental 7-day Quick Weight-off Diet Alternative names: Oriental Diet Oriental diet plan Oriental diet system Oriental Miracle Diet Oriental quick weight loss diet Oriental quick weight loss plan Oriental 7-day diet Oriental 7-day miracle diet Oriental 7-day plan 7 miracle diet 7 Oriental diet 7 Oriental food plan 7 Oriental miracle diet 7 Oriental quick weight loss diet 7 Oriental reducing diet Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/o.html Past-Life Regression Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/p.html Polarity Dream Counseling Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/p.html Polarity Therapy Alternative names: Polarity polarity balancing Polarity Energy Balancing Polarity Energy Balancing system polarity energy healing polarity healing polarity system Polarity techniques Polarity Wellness Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/p.html Process Psychology Alternative names: Dreambody approach Dreambody Work process oriented psychology Process-Oriented Psychotherapy Process Work Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/p.html Rubenfeld Synergy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/r.html Soul-Centered Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/s.html

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Spiritual Integration Therapy Alternative names: S.I.T. Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/s.html Spiritual Psychotherapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/s.html Temple Beautiful Programs Alternative names: formerly the Temple Beautiful Program Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/t.html Transformational Counseling Alternative names: ASAT Transformational Counseling Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/t.html Transformational Dreaming Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/t.html Transformational Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/t.html Unergi Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/u.html Visual Therapy Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/v.html •

Chinese Medicine Baihe Alternative names: Lily Bulb; Baihe (Bai He); Bulbus Lilii Source: Chinese Materia Medica

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Baizi Yangxin Wan Alternative names: Baizi Yangxin Pills Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Shouwuteng Alternative names: Tuber Fleeceflower Stem; Caulis Polygoni Multiflori Source: Chinese Materia Medica Suanzaoren Alternative names: Spine Date Seed; Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Tianwang Buxin Wan Alternative names: Tianwang Buxin Pills; Tianwang Buxin Wan
(Ti An Wang Bu Xin Wan) Source: Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China Yuanzhi Alternative names: Thinleaf Milkwort Root; Radix Polygalae Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zhusha Alternative names: Cinnabar; Cinnabaris Source: Chinese Materia Medica Zishiyin Alternative names: Fluorite; Fluoritum Source: Chinese Materia Medica •

Herbs and Supplements Asian Ginseng Alternative names: Panax ginseng Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Dmae Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Melatonin Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Melatonin Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,804,00.html Panax Ginseng Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

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Phenelzine Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Skullcap Source: The Canadian Internet Directory for Holistic Help, WellNet, Health and Wellness Network; www.wellnet.ca Valerian Source: The Canadian Internet Directory for Holistic Help, WellNet, Health and Wellness Network; www.wellnet.ca Valerian Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,10064,00.html

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. BOOKS ON DREAMS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to dreams. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on dreams include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on dreams: •

Sacred Healing: A Metaphysical Approach to Prayer, Meditation and Dreams After the Death of a Baby Source: Saint Paul, MN: A Place to Remember. 1994. 20 p. Contact: Available from A Place to Remember, deRuyter-Nelson Publications, Inc., 1885 University Avenue, Suite 110, Saint Paul, MN 55104. (612) 645-7045, (800) 631-0973, (612) 645-4780 (Fax), [email protected] (Email), http://www.aplacetoremember.com (Website). $5.50 including shipping and handling. Order No. SH-0126. Summary: This book, written by the mother of a stillborn son, describes the healing power of prayer, meditation, and dreams in helping bereaved parents on the dark and lonely journey of grief. 6 references.

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Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the link below, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “dreams” (or a synonym) in their titles. •

Amazon.com: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/externalsearch?tag=icongroupinterna&keyword=dreams&mode=books

Chapters on Dreams In order to find chapters that specifically relate to dreams, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and dreams using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute8: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

8

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.9 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:10 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

9

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 10 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway11 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.12 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 5194 760 47 33 38 6072

HSTAT13 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.14 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.15 Simply search by “dreams” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

11

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

12

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 13 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 14 15

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists16 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.17 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.18 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

16 Adapted 17

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 18 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on dreams can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to dreams. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to dreams. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “dreams”:

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Other guides Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html Bereavement http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bereavement.html Children's Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childrenshealth.html Disabilities http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/disabilities.html Health Facilities http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthfacilities.html Infant and Toddler Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infantandtoddlerhealth.html Male Genital Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/malegenitaldisorders.html Mental Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mentalhealth.html Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html Sleep Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sleepdisorders.html Toilet Training and Bedwetting http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toilettrainingandbedwetting.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. Healthfinder™ Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate

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in some way to dreams. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on dreams is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to dreams. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “dreams” (or synonyms). The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the

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public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “dreams” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to dreams, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “dreams” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “dreams” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is

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updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on dreams: •

What to Do When Your Child Can't Sleep Source: Loose Connections. 16(3): 1,6. Fall 2001. Contact: Ehlers-Danlos National Foundation. 6399 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 203, Los Angeles, CA 90048. (323) 651-3038. Summary: This newsletter article for parents discusses sleep problems that children with juvenile arthritis and related conditions may have. Sleeping problems are more common in children, and poor sleep or lack of sleep can exacerbate the pain and fatigue already present in arthritis. Sleep problems are typically of four types: falling asleep, staying asleep, not sleeping soundly, and waking too early. Pain during the day, extreme grogginess, difficulty concentrating, remembering many dreams, snoring, and loose or bunched bed sheets may be signs that a child is not sleeping soundly at night. Falling asleep is usually hardest for children with arthritis. This may be caused by pain or stress associated with the condition. To help these children fall asleep easier, parents should consider giving medications at bedtime to maximize their effects, changing from a mattress to a waterbed, using pillows to support painful joints, using relaxation techniques, and giving doctor-approved herbal remedies. A checklist of dos and don'ts for sleeping better at night is included.

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to dreams. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with dreams. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about dreams. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/.

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Simply type in “dreams” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “dreams” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.19

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

19

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)20: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

20

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

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Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

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On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

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Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

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Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on dreams: •

Basic Guidelines for Dreams Nightmares Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003209.htm

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Signs & Symptoms for Dreams Anxiety Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003211.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Muscle Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003193.htm Stress Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003211.htm

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Tension Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003211.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Dreams Blood differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm CBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003642.htm EEG Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003931.htm Liver function tests Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003436.htm

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Nutrition for Dreams Caffeine Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

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Background Topics for Dreams Alcohol consumption Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001944.htm Alcoholism - support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002199.htm Metabolism Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002257.htm Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Stimulants Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002308.htm Substance abuse Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001945.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

Online Glossaries 83

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MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

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Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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DREAMS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abortion: 1. The premature expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception - of the embryo, or of a nonviable fetus. The four classic symptoms, usually present in each type of abortion, are uterine contractions, uterine haemorrhage, softening and dilatation of the cervix, and presentation or expulsion of all or part of the products of conception. 2. Premature stoppage of a natural or a pathological process. [EU] Acting Out: Expressing unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings, often of hostility or love, through overt behavior. [NIH] Adaptation: 1. The adjustment of an organism to its environment, or the process by which it enhances such fitness. 2. The normal ability of the eye to adjust itself to variations in the intensity of light; the adjustment to such variations. 3. The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation. 4. In dentistry, (a) the proper fitting of a denture, (b) the degree of proximity and interlocking of restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c) the exact adjustment of bands to teeth. 5. In microbiology, the adjustment of bacterial physiology to a new environment. [EU] Adjustment: The dynamic process wherein the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and biophysiological mechanisms of the individual continually change to adjust to the environment. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alimentary: Pertaining to food or nutritive material, or to the organs of digestion. [EU] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amnesia: Lack or loss of memory; inability to remember past experiences. [EU] Amnestic: Nominal aphasia; a difficulty in finding the right name for an object. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of

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pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anorexia: Lack or loss of appetite for food. Appetite is psychologic, dependent on memory and associations. Anorexia can be brought about by unattractive food, surroundings, or company. [NIH] Anthropology: The science devoted to the comparative study of man. [NIH] Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Anxiolytic: An anxiolytic or antianxiety agent. [EU] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Articular: Of or pertaining to a joint. [EU] Asystole: Cardiac standstill or arrest; absence of a heartbeat; called also Beau's syndrome. [EU]

Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Autonomic: Self-controlling; functionally independent. [EU] Autonomic Nervous System: The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, which receive information relayed from visceral afferents; these and related central and sensory structures are sometimes (but not here) considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system itself. [NIH] Autosuggestion: Suggestion coming from the subject himself. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or

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bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacterial Physiology: Physiological processes and activities of bacteria. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Behavior Therapy: The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders. [NIH] Bereavement: Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and sadness. [NIH] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bipolar Disorder: A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood transfusion: The administration of blood or blood products into a blood vessel. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH]

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Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiorespiratory: Relating to the heart and lungs and their function. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Cardiovascular System: The heart and the blood vessels by which blood is pumped and circulated through the body. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Cinema verite: Irritation of the eyes of performers caused by the bright camera lights. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [NIH] Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism becomes aware of or obtains knowledge. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin

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system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complete remission: The disappearance of all signs of cancer. Also called a complete response. [NIH] Compulsions: In psychology, an irresistible urge, sometimes amounting to obsession to perform a particular act which usually is carried out against the performer's will or better judgment. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. [NIH] Consumption: Pulmonary tuberculosis. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Crack Cocaine: The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (freebased), injected intravenously, and orally ingested. Use of crack results in alterations in function of the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous

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system, and the gastrointestinal system. The slang term "crack" was derived from the crackling sound made upon igniting of this form of cocaine for smoking. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Deception: The act of deceiving or the fact or condition of being deceived. [NIH] Decidua: The epithelial lining of the endometrium that is formed before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus. The fertilized ovum embeds in the decidua. If the ovum is not fertilized, the decidua is shed during menstruation. [NIH] Decision Making: The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Democracy: A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision-making process. [NIH] Dendrites: Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other neurons. [NIH] Density: The logarithm to the base 10 of the opacity of an exposed and processed film. [NIH] Dental Care: The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982). [NIH] Dentate Gyrus: Gray matter situated above the gyrus hippocampi. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer is continuous with the hippocampus in the hippocampal fissure. The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called granule cells, whose axons pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the dendrites of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. [NIH] Deprivation: Loss or absence of parts, organs, powers, or things that are needed. [EU] Developing Countries: Countries in the process of change directed toward economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dissociation: 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. 2. The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions, or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. 3. In psychology, a defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from the rest of a person's mental activity in order to avoid emotional distress, as in the dissociative disorders (q.v.), or in which an idea or object is segregated from its emotional significance; in the first sense it is roughly equivalent to splitting, in the second, to isolation. 4. A defect of mental integration in which one or more groups of mental processes become separated off from normal consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. [EU] Dissociative Disorders: Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness. [NIH]

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Dominance: In genetics, the full phenotypic expression of a gene in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. [EU] Dreams: A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep which are dissociated from the usual stream of consciousness of the waking state. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life. [NIH] Endoscopic: A technique where a lateral-view endoscope is passed orally to the duodenum for visualization of the ampulla of Vater. [NIH] Entorhinal Cortex: Cortex where the signals are combined with those from other sensory systems. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Ethnology: The comparative and theoretical study of culture, often synonymous with cultural anthropology. [NIH] Ethnopsychology: Comparative psychology of races and peoples. [NIH] Eye Movements: Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Free Association: Spontaneous verbalization of whatever comes to mind. [NIH] Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

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Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of gene action. [NIH] Gene Therapy: The introduction of new genes into cells for the purpose of treating disease by restoring or adding gene expression. Techniques include insertion of retroviral vectors, transfection, homologous recombination, and injection of new genes into the nuclei of single cell embryos. The entire gene therapy process may consist of multiple steps. The new genes may be introduced into proliferating cells in vivo (e.g., bone marrow) or in vitro (e.g., fibroblast cultures) and the modified cells transferred to the site where the gene expression is required. Gene therapy may be particularly useful for treating enzyme deficiency diseases, hemoglobinopathies, and leukemias and may also prove useful in restoring drug sensitivity, particularly for leukemia. [NIH] Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (genome) of organisms. [NIH]

Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Ginseng: An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hallucination: A sense perception without a source in the external world; a perception of an external stimulus object in the absence of such an object. [EU] Health Education: Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis. [NIH] Heartbeat: One complete contraction of the heart. [NIH] Hemoglobinopathies: A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations

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within the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Heterozygotes: Having unlike alleles at one or more corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes. [NIH] Hippocampus: A curved elevation of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (Dorland, 28th ed). The hippocampus, subiculum, and dentate gyrus constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the entorhinal cortex in the hippocampal formation. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Homosexuality: Sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same sex. [NIH] Hormones: Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects. [NIH] Hospices: Facilities or services which are especially devoted to providing palliative and supportive care to the patient with a terminal illness and to the patient's family. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hypnotherapy: Sleeping-cure. [NIH] Hypnotic: A drug that acts to induce sleep. [EU] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Illusions: The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience. [NIH] Imagination: A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunodeficiency syndrome: The inability of the body to produce an immune response. [NIH]

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Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infant Care: Care of infants in the home or institution. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Information Systems: Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information. [NIH] Inlay: In dentistry, a filling first made to correspond with the form of a dental cavity and then cemented into the cavity. [NIH] Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility. [NIH]

Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Job Satisfaction: Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation. [NIH] Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH]

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Latency: The period of apparent inactivity between the time when a stimulus is presented and the moment a response occurs. [NIH] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Manic: Affected with mania. [EU] Manifest: Being the part or aspect of a phenomenon that is directly observable : concretely expressed in behaviour. [EU] Masturbation: Sexual stimulation or gratification of the self. [NIH] Medial: Lying near the midsaggital plane of the body; opposed to lateral. [NIH] Mediator: An object or substance by which something is mediated, such as (1) a structure of the nervous system that transmits impulses eliciting a specific response; (2) a chemical substance (transmitter substance) that induces activity in an excitable tissue, such as nerve or muscle; or (3) a substance released from cells as the result of the interaction of antigen with antibody or by the action of antigen with a sensitized lymphocyte. [EU] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory. [NIH] Menstruation: The normal physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and mucosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mental Processes: Conceptual functions or thinking in all its forms. [NIH] Mentors: Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Midazolam: A short-acting compound, water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. It is a hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used for sedation in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. Because of its short duration and cardiorespiratory stability, it is particularly useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients.

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[NIH]

Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Motivations: The most compelling inner determinants of human behavior; also called drives, urges, impulses, needs, wants, tensions, and willful cravings. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Needs Assessment: Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Networks: Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves, a meshlike structure of interlocking fibers or strands. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neuropathy: A problem in any part of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathies can be caused by infection, toxic substances, or disease. [NIH] Neuropsychology: A branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behavior and the basic neurophysiological processes. The term neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. It is a more narrowly defined field than physiological psychology or psychophysiology. [NIH] Neurosciences: The scientific disciplines concerned with the embryology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, etc., of the nervous sytem. [NIH] Nonverbal Communication: Transmission of emotions, ideas, and attitudes between individuals in ways other than the spoken language. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH]

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Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. [NIH] Opacity: Degree of density (area most dense taken for reading). [NIH] Oral Health: The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease. [NIH] Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. [NIH] Ovulation: The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle. [NIH] Paediatric: Of or relating to the care and medical treatment of children; belonging to or concerned with paediatrics. [EU] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Partnership Practice: A voluntary contract between two or more doctors who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses. [NIH] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perception: The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. [NIH] Perioperative: Around the time of surgery; usually lasts from the time of going into the hospital or doctor's office for surgery until the time the patient goes home. [NIH] Personality Development: Growth of habitual patterns of behavior in childhood and adolescence. [NIH] Phantom: Used to absorb and/or scatter radiation equivalently to a patient, and hence to estimate radiation doses and test imaging systems without actually exposing a patient. It may be an anthropomorphic or a physical test object. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH]

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Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasticity: In an individual or a population, the capacity for adaptation: a) through gene changes (genetic plasticity) or b) through internal physiological modifications in response to changes of environment (physiological plasticity). [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postnatal: Occurring after birth, with reference to the newborn. [EU] Postnatal Care: The care provided a woman following the birth of a child. [NIH] Practicability: A non-standard characteristic of an analytical procedure. It is dependent on the scope of the method and is determined by requirements such as sample throughout and costs. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Prenatal Care: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Private Practice: Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice. [NIH] Private Sector: That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projective Techniques: Techniques whereby personality attributes are revealed through the subject's responses to relatively unstructured, ambiguous, or vague stimuli. These responses represent projections of the subject's own fears and needs. [NIH] Proneness: Susceptibility to accidents due to human factors. [NIH]

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Propofol: A widely used anesthetic. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Psychiatric: Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Psychoanalysis: The separation or resolution of the psyche into its constituent elements. The term has two separate meanings: 1. a procedure devised by Sigmund Freud, for investigating mental processes by means of free association, dream interpretation and interpretation of resistance and transference manifestations; and 2. a theory of psychology developed by Freud from his clinical experience with hysterical patients. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996). [NIH] Psychoanalytic Theory: Conceptual system developed by Freud and his followers in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior. [NIH] Psychodrama: Primarily a technique of group psychotherapy which involves a structure, directed, and dramatized acting out of the patient's personal and emotional problems. [NIH] Psychology: The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals. [NIH] Psychophysiology: The study of the physiological basis of human and animal behavior. [NIH]

Psychotherapy: A generic term for the treatment of mental illness or emotional disturbances primarily by verbal or nonverbal communication. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Pulse: The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an artery produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. [NIH]

Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recombination: The formation of new combinations of genes as a result of segregation in crosses between genetically different parents; also the rearrangement of linked genes due to crossing-over. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord. [NIH]

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Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relaxation Techniques: The use of muscular relaxation techniques in treatment. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Respiration: The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). [NIH] Restoration: Broad term applied to any inlay, crown, bridge or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of teeth or oral tissues. [NIH] Retroviral vector: RNA from a virus that is used to insert genetic material into cells. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Scatter: The extent to which relative success and failure are divergently manifested in qualitatively different tests. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Sedative: 1. Allaying activity and excitement. 2. An agent that allays excitement. [EU] Self-Help Groups: Organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities or individual relationships especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or supporting patients, individuals with common health problems, or the elderly. They include therapeutic social clubs. [NIH] Sensibility: The ability to receive, feel and appreciate sensations and impressions; the quality of being sensitive; the extend to which a method gives results that are free from false negatives. [NIH] Sepsis: The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Sexual Abstinence: Refraining from sexual intercourse. [NIH] Sexual Partners: Married or single individuals who share sexual relations. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU]

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Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skull: The skeleton of the head including the bones of the face and the bones enclosing the brain. [NIH] Sleep Paralysis: A state experienced by a person while going to sleep or on waking: consciousness is present but muscular movement is lost as well as the ability to speak. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Snoring: Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate. [NIH]

Social pressure: A strategy used in behavior therapy in which individuals are told that they possess the basic self-control ability to lose weight, but that coming to group meetings will strengthen their abilities. The group is asked to listen and give advice, similar to the way many self-help groups, based on social support, operate. [NIH] Social Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc. [NIH] Soma: The body as distinct from the mind; all the body tissue except the germ cells; all the axial body. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stimulants: Any drug or agent which causes stimulation. [NIH] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Subiculum: A region of the hippocampus that projects to other areas of the brain. [NIH] Subliminal: Below the threshold of sensation, as a subliminal stimulus. [NIH] Sudden death: Cardiac arrest caused by an irregular heartbeat. The term "death" is somewhat misleading, because some patients survive. [NIH] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Supportive care: Treatment given to prevent, control, or relieve complications and side effects and to improve the comfort and quality of life of people who have cancer. [NIH]

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Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Temporal: One of the two irregular bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing. [NIH] Temporal Lobe: Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tooth Preparation: Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfusion: The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream. The blood may be donated from another person, or it may have been taken from the person earlier and stored until needed. [NIH] Transmitter: A chemical substance which effects the passage of nerve impulses from one cell to the other at the synapse. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series. [NIH]

Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Uvula: Uvula palatinae; specifically, the tongue-like process which projects from the middle of the posterior edge of the soft palate. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs,

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administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] VE: The total volume of gas either inspired or expired in one minute. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism. [NIH] War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abortion, 84 Acting Out, 84, 98 Adaptation, 4, 84, 97 Adjustment, 84 Adolescence, 11, 18, 84, 96 Adverse Effect, 84, 99 Algorithms, 84, 86 Alimentary, 84 Alternative medicine, 72, 84 Amino acid, 84, 85, 96, 98 Amnesia, 40, 84 Amnestic, 84, 94 Anaesthesia, 13, 24, 36, 84, 93 Anal, 85 Anesthesia, 23, 28, 48, 85, 94 Anorexia, 13, 85 Anthropology, 31, 85, 90 Antibodies, 85, 94 Antibody, 85, 87, 92, 93, 94 Antigen, 85, 88, 92, 93, 94 Anus, 85 Anxiety, 9, 11, 24, 26, 45, 81, 85, 96 Anxiolytic, 85, 94 Aqueous, 85, 86 Arterial, 85, 92, 98, 101 Arteries, 85, 86, 88, 94 Articular, 85, 96 Asystole, 17, 85 Auditory, 12, 23, 48, 85 Autonomic, 26, 85, 88 Autonomic Nervous System, 85, 88 Autosuggestion, 46, 85 B Bacteria, 85, 86, 94, 99, 101 Bacterial Physiology, 84, 86 Base, 5, 86, 89, 93, 101 Behavior Therapy, 86, 100 Bereavement, 32, 70, 86 Bilateral, 4, 86 Bile, 86, 100 Biochemical, 86, 96 Biotechnology, 5, 6, 65, 72, 86 Bipolar Disorder, 23, 86 Blastocyst, 86, 88, 97 Blood pressure, 86, 92, 95 Blood transfusion, 86 Blood vessel, 86, 87, 102

Bone Marrow, 86, 91, 92 Bowel, 26, 29, 85, 86, 93 Branch, 79, 86, 95, 100, 101 C Carbon Dioxide, 86, 97, 99 Carcinogenic, 87, 100 Cardiac, 20, 85, 87, 94, 95, 100 Cardiorespiratory, 87, 94 Cardiovascular, 26, 87, 88 Cardiovascular System, 87, 88 Cell, 4, 45, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102 Cell Division, 85, 87, 97 Cerebral, 9, 47, 87, 101 Cerebrum, 87 Cervix, 84, 87 Chin, 87, 94 Cholesterol, 86, 87, 100 Chronic, 87, 93 Cinema verite, 87 Clinical trial, 3, 65, 87 Cloning, 86, 87 Cocaine, 87, 88 Cognition, 4, 8, 10, 15, 30, 31, 50, 87 Complement, 87, 88, 91 Complementary and alternative medicine, 39, 57, 88 Complementary medicine, 39, 88 Complete remission, 88, 99 Compulsions, 88, 96 Computational Biology, 65, 88 Conception, 84, 88, 90 Consciousness, 10, 15, 27, 50, 88, 89, 90, 100 Consumption, 82, 88, 89, 99 Contraindications, ii, 88 Coronary, 88, 94 Coronary Thrombosis, 88, 94 Crack Cocaine, 23, 88 Curative, 89, 101 D Deception, 36, 50, 89 Decidua, 89, 97 Decision Making, 89 Degenerative, 89, 96 Democracy, 89 Dendrites, 89, 95 Density, 5, 89, 96

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Dental Care, 89 Dentate Gyrus, 89, 92 Deprivation, 46, 89 Developing Countries, 89 Diagnostic procedure, 72, 89 Diastolic, 89, 92 Digestion, 84, 86, 89, 93, 100 Dilatation, 84, 89 Direct, iii, 11, 89, 98 Dissociation, 32, 89 Dissociative Disorders, 89 Dominance, 47, 90 Drug Interactions, 90 E Efficacy, 90, 101 Elective, 25, 90 Embryo, 84, 86, 90, 93 Embryology, 90, 95 Endoscopic, 90, 94 Entorhinal Cortex, 90, 92 Environmental Health, 64, 66, 90 Enzyme, 90, 91 Ethnology, 27, 90 Ethnopsychology, 47, 90 Eye Movements, 46, 90 F Family Planning, 65, 90 Fatigue, 73, 90 Fetus, 84, 90, 97, 101 Free Association, 42, 90, 98 Free Radicals, 89, 90 G Gas, 86, 90, 92, 102 Gastrointestinal, 89, 90 Gene, 86, 90, 91, 97 Gene Expression, 91 Gene Therapy, 91 Genetic Engineering, 86, 87, 91 Genetics, 90, 91 Genomics, 91 Gestation, 91, 97 Gestational, 91 Ginseng, 56, 91 Glucose, 9, 91, 99 Gonadal, 91, 100 Governing Board, 91, 97 Graft, 91, 92, 93 Graft Rejection, 91, 93 Growth, 84, 89, 91, 94, 96, 97 H Haemorrhage, 84, 91 Hallucination, 32, 91

Health Education, 91 Heartbeat, 85, 91, 100 Hemoglobinopathies, 91 Heredity, 90, 91, 92 Heterozygotes, 90, 92 Hippocampus, 4, 36, 89, 92, 100 Homologous, 91, 92 Homosexuality, 92 Hormones, 92, 99, 100 Hospices, 92 Host, 92, 93 Hydrogen, 86, 92, 95 Hypertension, 16, 92 Hypnotherapy, 47, 53, 92 Hypnotic, 23, 28, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 92, 94 I Id, 37, 51, 71, 78, 80, 92 Illusions, 20, 92 Imagination, 13, 92 Immune response, 85, 91, 92, 93, 102 Immune system, 92, 93, 94, 102 Immunization, 92, 93 Immunodeficiency, 92 Immunodeficiency syndrome, 92 Immunosuppressive, 93 Immunosuppressive therapy, 93 Immunotherapy, 93 In vitro, 91, 93 In vivo, 91, 93 Induction, 47, 93 Infant Care, 93 Infarction, 88, 93, 94 Infection, 92, 93, 94, 95, 102 Information Systems, 93 Inlay, 93, 99 Intensive Care, 10, 93 Intestine, 86, 93 Ions, 86, 89, 92, 93 J Job Satisfaction, 26, 93 Joint, 85, 93, 96 K Kb, 64, 93 L Large Intestine, 93, 100 Latency, 5, 10, 94 Leukemia, 91, 94 Library Services, 78, 94 Lipid, 94 Localized, 9, 93, 94, 97 Lymphocyte, 85, 94

Index

M Malignant, 94 Manic, 86, 94 Manifest, 8, 9, 11, 29, 39, 94 Masturbation, 25, 94 Medial, 4, 94 Mediator, 94 MEDLINE, 65, 94 Memory, 4, 8, 16, 20, 26, 44, 84, 85, 94 Menstruation, 46, 89, 94 Mental Health, iv, 3, 11, 30, 64, 66, 70, 94 Mental Processes, 89, 94, 98 Mentors, 94 MI, 83, 94 Microbiology, 84, 94 Midazolam, 28, 48, 94 Miscarriage, 95 Modification, 4, 46, 84, 91, 95 Molecular, 65, 67, 86, 88, 89, 95 Molecule, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92, 95, 98 Monitor, 95 Motivations, 95, 98 Myocardium, 94, 95 N Need, 59, 60, 72, 95 Needs Assessment, 95 Nerve, 85, 87, 89, 94, 95, 100, 101 Nervous System, 85, 87, 89, 94, 95 Networks, 12, 95 Neural, 5, 45, 95 Neurons, 4, 87, 89, 95 Neuropathy, 95 Neuropsychology, 22, 95 Neurosciences, 21, 24, 27, 32, 43, 95 Nonverbal Communication, 95, 98 Nuclear, 95 Nuclei, 91, 96 O Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 13, 96 Opacity, 89, 96 Oral Health, 96 Osteoarthritis, 96 Ovulation, 46, 96 P Paediatric, 36, 96 Palate, 96, 100, 101 Palliative, 92, 96, 101 Partial remission, 96, 99 Partnership Practice, 96, 97 Patient Education, 76, 78, 83, 96 Peptide, 84, 96, 98 Perception, 91, 96

105

Perioperative, 23, 28, 48, 96 Personality Development, 96, 98 Phantom, 16, 96 Pharmacologic, 85, 96, 101 Physiologic, 94, 96, 98 Physiology, 36, 45, 49, 95, 96 Pilot study, 42, 96 Placenta, 97 Plants, 86, 87, 91, 97, 99 Plasticity, 36, 97 Pneumonia, 88, 97 Posterior, 85, 96, 97, 101 Postnatal, 97 Postnatal Care, 97 Practicability, 97, 101 Practice Guidelines, 66, 97 Prenatal, 90, 97 Prenatal Care, 97 Prevalence, 21, 23, 97 Private Practice, 30, 31, 97 Private Sector, 97 Progesterone, 97, 100 Progression, 23, 97 Progressive, 91, 96, 97 Projective Techniques, 47, 97 Proneness, 32, 97 Propofol, 13, 23, 28, 48, 98 Protein S, 86, 98 Proteins, 17, 18, 84, 85, 87, 95, 96, 98, 101 Psychiatric, 14, 20, 22, 40, 43, 98 Psychic, 23, 94, 98 Psychoanalysis, 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 41, 42, 50, 98 Psychoanalytic Theory, 21, 98 Psychodrama, 18, 42, 98 Psychophysiology, 95, 98 Psychotherapy, 7, 8, 10, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 53, 54, 55, 98 Public Policy, 65, 98 Pulse, 95, 98 R Radiation, 90, 96, 98, 102 Radioactive, 92, 95, 98 Receptor, 84, 85, 98 Recombination, 91, 98 Recurrence, 86, 98 Refer, 1, 87, 98 Reflex, 90, 98 Regimen, 19, 90, 99 Relaxation Techniques, 73, 99 Remission, 5, 86, 98, 99 Respiration, 86, 95, 99

106

Dreams

Restoration, 4, 99 Retroviral vector, 91, 99 S Saponins, 99, 100 Scatter, 96, 99 Screening, 87, 99 Sedative, 94, 99 Self-Help Groups, 99, 100 Sensibility, 84, 99 Sepsis, 99 Sex Characteristics, 84, 99 Sexual Abstinence, 99 Sexual Partners, 99 Shock, 17, 18, 99, 101 Side effect, 84, 99, 100, 101 Signs and Symptoms, 99, 100 Skull, 100, 101 Sleep Paralysis, 19, 32, 100 Small intestine, 93, 100 Snoring, 26, 73, 100 Social pressure, 100 Social Support, 100 Soma, 100 Somatic, 84, 100 Specialist, 73, 100 Spinal cord, 87, 95, 98, 100 Steroid, 99, 100 Stimulants, 82, 91, 100 Stimulus, 91, 94, 98, 100, 101 Stomach, 90, 100 Stress, 4, 12, 26, 42, 51, 52, 70, 73, 81, 85, 100 Subiculum, 92, 100 Subliminal, 48, 100 Sudden death, 26, 100 Support group, 82, 100 Supportive care, 92, 100 Systolic, 92, 101

T Temporal, 4, 26, 27, 48, 92, 101 Temporal Lobe, 4, 101 Therapeutics, 101 Thermal, 89, 101 Threshold, 92, 100, 101 Tissue, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101 Tooth Preparation, 84, 101 Topical, 24, 101 Toxic, iv, 95, 101 Toxicity, 90, 101 Toxicology, 66, 101 Transfection, 86, 91, 101 Transfusion, 101 Transmitter, 94, 101 Trauma, 21, 32, 41, 101 Treatment Outcome, 23, 101 U Unconscious, 17, 42, 84, 92, 98, 101 Uterine Contraction, 84, 101 Uterus, 84, 87, 89, 94, 97, 101, 102 Uvula, 100, 101 V Vaccines, 101, 102 Vagina, 87, 94, 102 Vascular, 93, 97, 102 VE, 42, 50, 102 Vein, 95, 102 Ventricle, 92, 98, 101, 102 Ventricular, 17, 102 Veterinary Medicine, 65, 102 Virus, 91, 99, 102 Vivo, 102 W War, 11, 102 White blood cell, 85, 94, 102 X X-ray, 95, 102

Index

107

108

Dreams

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