Hallux Valgus: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References

ALLUX ALGUS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES N...

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ALLUX ALGUS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Hallux Valgus: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00507-7 1. Hallux Valgus-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on hallux valgus. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HALLUX VALGUS ...................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Hallux Valgus............................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. PATENTS ON HALLUX VALGUS .................................................................................. 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 Patents on Hallux Valgus............................................................................................................ 49 Patent Applications on Hallux Valgus ........................................................................................ 56 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON HALLUX VALGUS ...................................................................................... 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ............................................................................. 59 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 63 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 65 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 67 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 69 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 73 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 73 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 73 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 79 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 79 HALLUX VALGUS DICTIONARY.............................................................................................. 81 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 89

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with hallux valgus is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about hallux valgus, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to hallux valgus, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on hallux valgus. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to hallux valgus, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on hallux valgus. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON HALLUX VALGUS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on hallux valgus.

Federally Funded Research on Hallux Valgus The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to hallux valgus. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to hallux valgus. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore hallux valgus.

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text

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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with hallux valgus, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for hallux valgus (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A Chevron-Akin double osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Mitchell LA, Baxter DE. Source: Foot Ankle. 1991 August; 12(1): 7-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1959838

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A comparative study of foot morphology between Filipino and Japanese women, with reference to the significance of a deformity like hallux valgus as a normal variation. Author(s): Kusumoto A, Suzuki T, Kumakura C, Ashizawa K. Source: Annals of Human Biology. 1996 September-October; 23(5): 373-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8886245

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A comparison between forefoot plaster and wooden soled shoes following Mitchell's osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Forster MC, Dhar S. Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2002 January; 84(1): 43-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11890625

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A comparison between the Regnauld arthroplasty and osteotomies of the first ray for the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Daghino W, Milano L, Ronco S, Ronco G, Dettoni A, Cartesegna M. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2003 May-June; 42(3): 155-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12815584

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A comparison of Keller's arthroplasty and distal metatarsal osteotomy in the treatment of adult hallux valgus. Author(s): Turnbull T, Grange W. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1986 January; 68(1): 1327. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3510214

journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A comparison of radiographic measurements in normal, hallux valgus, and hallux limitus feet. Author(s): Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD000964 Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2000 January-February; 39(1): 39-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14973960

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A comparison of Wilson and Hohmann osteotomies in the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Grace D, Hughes J, Klenerman L. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1988 March; 70(2): 23641. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3346296

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A controlled prospective trial of a foot orthosis for juvenile hallux valgus. Author(s): Kilmartin TE, Barrington RL, Wallace WA. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1994 March; 76(2): 210-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8113278

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A further modification to the McBride procedure for hallux valgus using the Acufex tag system to reattach the adductor hallucis. Author(s): Harris NJ, Scott B, Smith TW. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 January; 18(1): 57-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9013118

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A hallux valgus surgical technique through a single small incision. Author(s): Sorkin SA. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1968 August; 58(8): 340-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5679180

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A method of predicting the degree of functional correction of the metatarsus primus varus with a distal lateral displacement osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Sarrafian SK. Source: Foot Ankle. 1985 May-June; 5(6): 322-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4018676

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A modified Akin procedure for the correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Gerbert J, Melillo T. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1971 April; 61(4): 132-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5553704

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A new procedure for hallux valgus. Author(s): Zhao DL. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1989 April; 102(4): 296-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2507244

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A radiographic study of the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus. Author(s): Ferrari J, Malone-Lee J. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2003 January-February; 42(1): 9-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12567361

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A technique for proximal first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus repair. Author(s): Honkamp NJ, Rongstad KM. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2004 May-June; 43(3): 204-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15181440

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Adolescent hallux valgus: its etiology and surgical management. Author(s): Amarnek DL, Jacobs AM, Oloff LM. Source: J Foot Surg. 1985 January-February; 24(1): 54-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3882816

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Adult hallux valgus with metatarsus adductus: a case report. Author(s): Okuda R, Kinoshita M, Morikawa J, Jotoku T, Abe M. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2002 March; (396): 179-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11859241

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Advanced hallux valgus deformity: long-term results utilizing the distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy. Author(s): Dreeben S, Mann RA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 March; 17(3): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8919617

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An anatomical basis for the degree of displacement of the distal chevron osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Badwey TM, Dutkowsky JP, Graves SC, Richardson EG. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 April; 18(4): 213-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9127110

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An effective surgical correction of hallux valgus. Technique and follow-up. Author(s): Soren A, Waugh TR. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 1986 January-February; 52(1): 5-18. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3727969

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Anatomic determinants of first metatarsophalangeal flexion moments in hallux valgus. Author(s): Saltzman CL, Aper RL, Brown TD. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1997 June; (339): 261-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9186228

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Angular measurements in the evaluation of hallux valgus deformities: a report of the ad hoc committee of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society on angular measurements. Author(s): Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Nunley JA 2nd. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 January; 23(1): 68-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11822697

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Angular surgical corrections for hallux valgus. Author(s): Pagliano JW. Source: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1997 July; 14(3): 427-45. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9257032

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Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux valgus in rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Mann RA, Thompson FM. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1984 June; 66(5): 68792. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6725317

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Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux valgus in rheumatoid arthritis. 1984. Author(s): Mann RA, Thompson FM. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 February; 18(2): 65-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9091103

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Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. A new method. Author(s): Marin GA. Source: Int Surg. 1968 August; 50(2): 175-80. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5662347

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Arthrodesis versus resection arthroplasty for failed hallux valgus operations. Author(s): Kitaoka HB, Patzer GL. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1998 February; (347): 208-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9520892

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Associated deformities and hypermobility in hallux valgus: an investigation with weightbearing radiographs. Author(s): King DM, Toolan BC. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2004 April; 25(4): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15132934

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Austin bunionectomy: transpositional "V" osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux valgus. Author(s): Steinbock G, Hetherington VJ. Source: J Foot Surg. 1988 May-June; 27(3): 211-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3403922

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Axial rotation of the first metatarsal as a factor in hallux valgus. Author(s): Maldin RA. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1972 March; 62(3): 85-93. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5059757

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Basal closing wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus: 10- to 22-year follow-up. Author(s): Trnka HJ, Muhlbauer M, Zembsch A, Hungerford M, Ritschl P, Salzer M. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 March; 20(3): 171-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10195295

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Basal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Borton DC, Stephens MM. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1994 March; 76(2): 204-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8113277

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Basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone in hallux valgus: experiences with the use of AO plate. Author(s): Rokkanen P, Isolauri J, Avikainen V, Tervo T, Vaherto H. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1978 October 27; 92(4): 233-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=758098

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Basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal for the correction of metatarsus primus varus associated with hallux valgus. Author(s): Wanivenhaus AH, Feldner-Busztin H. Source: Foot Ankle. 1988 June; 8(6): 337-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3402853

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Biomechanics of hallux valgus and spread foot. Author(s): Snijders CJ, Snijder JG, Philippens MM. Source: Foot Ankle. 1986 August; 7(1): 26-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3744202

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Broad proximal phalanx, facial anomalies, hallux valgus, and bronchomalacia: additional case. Author(s): Tanaka Y, Matsuo N, Nishimura G, Nagai T. Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1994 April 1; 50(2): 211-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8068091

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Bunions and hallux valgus. Author(s): Townsend AC. Source: Nurs Times. 1965 November 26; 61(48): 1610-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5839355

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Capsular closure after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Freund EI. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 February; 20(2): 137. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10063985

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Capsuloplasty in hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Nyska M, Howard CB, Eliashuv CO, Matan Y. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2000 July; 21(7): 594-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10919627

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Cerclage fibreux in the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Franzreb M, Wimmer C, Stockl B. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 April; 20(4): 267-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10229285

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Chevron (Austin) distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus: comparison of preand post-surgical characteristics. Author(s): Kernozek TW, Sterriker SA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 June; 23(6): 503-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12095118

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Chevron or Wilson metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus. A prospective randomised trial. Author(s): Klosok JK, Pring DJ, Jessop JH, Maffulli N. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1993 September; 75(5): 825-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8376450

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Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus not improved by additional adductor tenotomy. A prospective, randomized study of 84 patients. Author(s): Resch S, Stenstrom A, Reynisson K, Jonsson K. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1994 October; 65(5): 541-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7801759

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Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Rossi WR, Ferreira JC. Source: Foot Ankle. 1992 September; 13(7): 378-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1427526

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Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus--SGH experience. Author(s): Tan MY, Seow KH, Tay BK. Source: Med J Malaysia. 1998 March; 53(1): 63-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10968140

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Clinical and biomechanical risk factors of patients diagnosed with hallux valgus. Author(s): Kernozek TW, Elfessi A, Sterriker S. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2003 March-April; 93(2): 97-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12644515

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Clinical and radiographic evaluation of Wilson osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Pouliart N, Haentjens P, Opdecam P. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 July; 17(7): 388-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8832245

Studies

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Clinical and radiological results after Austin bunionectomy for treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Trnka HJ, Hofmann S, Salzer M, Ritschl P. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1996; 115(3-4): 171-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8861585

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Clinical significance of increased mobility in the sagittal plane in patients with hallux valgus. Author(s): Ito H, Shimizu A, Miyamoto T, Katsura Y, Tanaka K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 January; 20(1): 29-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9921769

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Clinical, quantitative assessment of first tarsometatarsal mobility in the sagittal plane and its relation to hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Klaue K, Hansen ST, Masquelet AC. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1994 January; 15(1): 9-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7981800

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Combination chevron plus Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus: should age be a limiting factor? Author(s): Tollison ME, Baxter DE. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 August; 18(8): 477-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9278741

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Comparative radiographic analysis of parameters in feet with and without hallux valgus. Author(s): Saragas NP, Becker PJ. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 March; 16(3): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7599731

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Comparative study between Wilson and Mitchell metatarsal osteotomies for the treatment of hallux valgus in adults. Author(s): Karataglis D, Dinley RJ, Kapetanos G. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 2001 April; 67(2): 149-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11383293

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Hallux Valgus

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Comparison of bioabsorbable pins and Kirschner wires in the fixation of chevron osteotomies for hallux valgus. Author(s): Winemaker MJ, Amendola A. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 October; 17(10): 623-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8908489

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Comparison of Chevron osteotomy and modified McBride bunionectomy for correction of mild to moderate hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Johnson JE, Clanton TO, Baxter DE, Gottlieb MS. Source: Foot Ankle. 1991 October; 12(2): 61-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1773996

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Comparison of two proximal osteotomies for the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Earll M, Wayne J, Caldwell P, Adelaar R. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1998 July; 19(7): 425-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9694119

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Complications after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Richardson EG. Source: Instr Course Lect. 1999; 48: 331-42. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10098059

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Complications of hallux valgus surgery and salvage. Author(s): Thompson FM. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 1059-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235738

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Congenital hallux valgus. Author(s): Lieberson S, Mendes DG. Source: Orthopedics. 1991 May; 14(5): 588-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2062736

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Correction of a recurring hallux valgus with the Keller Procedure. Author(s): Shapiro SL. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1968 August; 58(8): 349-51. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5679182

Studies

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Correction of hallux valgus deformity by basal phalanx osteotomy of the big toe. Author(s): Seelenfreund M, Fried A, Tikva P. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1973 October; 55(7): 1411-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4758713

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Correction of hallux valgus. Metatarsal osteotomy versus excision arthroplasty. Author(s): Zembsch A, Trnka HJ, Ritschl P. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000 July; (376): 183-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10906874

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Correctional osteotomy for metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus. Author(s): Carr CR, Boyd BM. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1968 October; 50(7): 1353-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5677290

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Correlation between hallux valgus angle and age. Author(s): Turan I. Source: J Foot Surg. 1990 July-August; 29(4): 327-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2229905

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Crescentic proximal metatarsal osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus: a mean 12.2 year follow-up study. Author(s): Veri JP, Pirani SP, Claridge R. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 October; 22(10): 817-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11642533

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Cuneiform rotation osteotomy for relapsed hallux valgus. Author(s): Kemp HB. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1990 September; 72(5): 921. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2211784

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Custom-molded orthotics in postoperative hallux valgus immobilization. Author(s): Donatto KC, Rightor N, D'Ambrosia R. Source: Orthopedics. 1992 April; 15(4): 449-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1565578

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Day care surgery for the correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Tibrewal S, Foss M. Source: Health Trends. 1991; 23(3): 117-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10171064

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Degenerative osteoarthrosis of tarsometatarsal joints in hallux valgus: a radiographic study. Author(s): Ito K, Tanaka Y, Takakura Y. Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. 2003; 8(5): 629-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14557927

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Diagnosing and treating hallux valgus: a conservative approach for a common problem. Author(s): Donley BG, Tisdel CL, Sferra JJ, Hall JO. Source: Cleve Clin J Med. 1997 October; 64(9): 469-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9339045

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Diagnosis and treatment of first metatarsophalangeal joint disorders. Section 1: Hallux valgus. Author(s): Vanore JV, Christensen JC, Kravitz SR, Schuberth JM, Thomas JL, Weil LS, Zlotoff HJ, Mendicino RW, Couture SD; Clinical Practice Guideline First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Disorders Panel of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2003 May-June; 42(3): 112-23. Review. Erratum In: J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003 November-December; 42(6): 394. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12815578

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Diaphyseal nutrient foramina in the first metatarsals in normal and hallux valgus feet: location and surgical implications. Author(s): Monreal-Redondo D, Fernandez-Camacho FJ. Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : Sra. 2003 July-August; 25(3-4): 234-40. Epub 2003 May 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12750846

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Distal chevron osteotomy with intra-articular lateral soft-tissue release for treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Chen YJ, Hsu RW, Shih HN, Huang TJ, Hsu KY. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1996 October; 95(10): 776-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8961675

Studies

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Distal chevron osteotomy with lateral release for treatment of hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Pochatko DJ, Schlehr FJ, Murphey MD, Hamilton JJ. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1994 September; 15(9): 457-61. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7820236

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Distal first metatarsal osteotomy and adductor release as a treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Courtman NH, Weighill FJ. Source: Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 1995 April; 40(2): 133-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7776276

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Distal metatarsal osteotomy for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Das De S. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 1984 January; 4(1): 32-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6693565

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Distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus in the middle-aged patient. Author(s): Das De S, Hamblen DL. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1987 May; (218): 239-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3568486

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Distal osteotomy for bunionectomy and hallux valgus correction. Author(s): Gill LH. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2001 September; 6(3): 433-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11692491

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Distal soft tissue correction for hallux valgus with proximal screw fixation of the first metatarsal. Author(s): Friscia DA. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 581-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232398

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Distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Mann RA. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 1013-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235734

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Distal soft tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Okuda R, Kinoshita M, Morikawa J, Jotoku T, Abe M. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000 October; (379): 209-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11039808

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Double oblique displacement osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Cetti R, Christensen SE. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1983 December; 54(6): 938-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6670524

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Early results of the modified Peterson bunion procedure for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Aronson J, Nguyen LL, Aronson EA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 2001 January-February; 21(1): 65-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11176356

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Early results of the modified Simmonds-Menelaus procedure for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Andreacchio A, Origo C, Rocca G. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 2002 May-June; 22(3): 375-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11961459

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Electromyography of hallux valgus. Author(s): Iida M, Basmajian JV. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1974 June; 101(01): 220-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4837934

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Evaluation and operative procedures for hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Bordelon RL. Source: Orthopedics. 1987 January; 10(1): 38-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3809018

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Evaluation of the longitudinal arch of the foot with hallux valgus using a newly developed two-dimensional coordinate system. Author(s): Komeda T, Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Fujii T, Samoto N, Tamai S. Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. 2001; 6(2): 110-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11484094

Studies

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Evaluation of Wagdy's technique for treatment of hallux valgus by double-V osteotomy. Author(s): Wagdy S, el-Sheshtawy OE, Megahed AH. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 1995 January-February; 34(1): 65-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7780396

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Excision arthroplasty for hallux valgus in the elderly: a comparison between the Keller and modified Mayo operations. Author(s): Majkowski RS, Galloway S. Source: Foot Ankle. 1992 July-August; 13(6): 317-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1398359

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Experiences with the chevron (V-)osteotomy on adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Grill F, Hetherington V, Steinbock G, Altenhuber J. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1986; 106(1): 47-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3566495

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First ray dorsal mobility in relation to hallux valgus deformity and first intermetatarsal angle. Author(s): Glasoe WM, Allen MK, Saltzman CL. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 February; 22(2): 98-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11249233

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Fixation of Hohmann's osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Rowe PH, Coutinho J, Fearn BD. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1985 October; 56(5): 419-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4072663

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Fixation of metatarsal osteotomies in the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Acevedo JI. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 451-68. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232391

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Forces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery. Author(s): Stokes IA, Hutton WC, Stott JR, Lowe LW. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1979 July-August; (142): 64-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=498650

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Forefoot pressures during walking in feet afficted with hallux valgus. Author(s): Yamamoto H, Muneta T, Asahina S, Furuya K. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1996 February; (323): 247-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8625588

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Gait analysis before and after osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Vittas D, Jansen EC, Larsen TK. Source: Foot Ankle. 1987 December; 8(3): 134-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3440553

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Gait analysis in hallux valgus. Author(s): Blomgren M, Turan I, Agadir M. Source: J Foot Surg. 1991 January-February; 30(1): 70-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2002190

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Geometric data of hallux valgus feet. Author(s): Lamur KS, Huson A, Snijders CJ, Stoeckart R. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 September; 17(9): 548-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8886782

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Hallux set angle. A new radiographic measurement for hallux valgus. Author(s): Boberg JS, Menn JJ, Tamburri SA, Chang TJ. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1994 May; 84(5): 250-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8027955

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Hallux valgus (bunions). Author(s): Ferrari J. Source: Clin Evid. 2002 December; (8): 1103-12. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12603932

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Hallux valgus (bunions). Author(s): Ferrari J. Source: Clin Evid. 2002 June; (7): 983-91. Review. No Abstract Available. Update In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12230721

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Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus: MRI findings. Author(s): Schweitzer ME, Maheshwari S, Shabshin N. Source: Clinical Imaging. 1999 November-December; 23(6): 397-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10899426

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Hallux valgus correction by the method of Bosch: a clinical evaluation. Author(s): Portaluri M. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 499-511, Vi. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232394

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Hallux valgus correction by the method of Bosch: a new technique with a seven-toten-year follow-up. Author(s): Bosch P, Wanke S, Legenstein R. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 485-98, V-Vi. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232393

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Hallux valgus correction using a modified Hohmann technique. Author(s): Christensen PH, Hansen TB. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 April; 16(4): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7787972

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Hallux valgus correction with metatarsal osteotomy: effect of a lateral distal soft tissue procedure. Author(s): Granberry WM, Hickey CH. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 March; 16(3): 132-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7599730

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Hallux valgus deformity: preoperative radiologic assessment. Author(s): Karasick D, Wapner KL. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1990 July; 155(1): 119-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2112832

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Hallux valgus in ballet dancers: a myth? Author(s): Einarsdottir H, Troell S, Wykman A. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 February; 16(2): 92-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7767454

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Hallux valgus in children: a 5-14-year follow-up study of 30 feet treated with a modified Mitchell osteotomy. Author(s): Talab YA. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2002 April; 73(2): 195-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12079019

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Hallux valgus in men. Part II: First ray mobility after bunionectomy and factors associated with hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Coughlin MJ, Shurnas PS. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2003 January; 24(1): 73-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12540086

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Hallux valgus in men: effect of the distal metatarsal articular angle on hallux valgus correction. Author(s): Coughlin MJ. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 August; 18(8): 463-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9278739

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Hallux valgus in the elderly: metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis of the first ray. Author(s): Tourne Y, Saragaglia D, Zattara A, Maire JP, Picard F, Montbarbon E, Charbel A. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 April; 18(4): 195-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9127107

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Hallux valgus in young patients: comparison of soft-tissue realignment and metatarsal osteotomy. Author(s): Schwitalle M, Karbowski A, Eckardt A. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 1998 February; 8(1): 42-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9550276

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Hallux valgus in young patients: long-term results after McBride operation. Author(s): Schwitalle M, Karbowski A, Eckardt A. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1997; 116(6-7): 412-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9266053

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Hallux valgus repair with correction of coexisting long hallux. Author(s): McGlamry ED, Kitting RM, Butlin WE. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1970 February; 60(2): 86-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5416882

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Hallux valgus surgery. Morton and Lapidus were right! Author(s): Hansen ST Jr. Source: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1996 July; 13(3): 347-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8829031

Studies

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Hallux valgus surgery: a simple method for evaluating the first-second intermetatarsal angle in the presence of metatarsus adductus. Author(s): Kilmartin TE, Flintham C. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2003 May-June; 42(3): 165-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12815586

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Hallux valgus surgery--a revision of rationale and approach. Author(s): Freed JB. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1967 March; 57(3): 109-19. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6039317

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Hallux valgus, first metatarsal pronation and collapse of the medial longitudinal arch--a radiological correlation. Author(s): Eustace S, Byrne JO, Beausang O, Codd M, Stack J, Stephens MM. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1994 April; 23(3): 191-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8016670

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Hallux valgus. Author(s): Coughlin MJ. Source: Instr Course Lect. 1997; 46: 357-91. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9143980

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Hallux valgus. Author(s): Coughlin MJ. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1996 June; 78(6): 93266. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8666613

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Hallux valgus. Author(s): Resch S. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1996 February; 67(1): 84-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8615114

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Hallux valgus. Author(s): Lennon WP. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1972 July 22; 2(4): 225. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5074902

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Hallux valgus. Author(s): Batchelor JS. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 1972 March-April; 38(2): 217-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5041816

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Hallux valgus. The treatment by distal wedge osteotomy of the 1st metatarsal (Hohmann-Thomasen). Author(s): Tangen O. Source: Acta Chir Scand. 1971; 137(2): 151-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5149489

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Hallux valgus: immediate operation versus 1 year of waiting with or without orthoses: a randomized controlled trial of 209 patients. Author(s): Torkki M, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S, Hoikka V, Laippala P, Paavolainen P. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2003 April; 74(2): 209-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12807332

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Hallux valgus: soft tissue procedure versus bony procedure. Author(s): Hsu CY, Cheng YM, Law CL, Jan CJ, Lin SY. Source: Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1994 November; 10(11): 624-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7837322

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Hindfoot alignment of hallux valgus evaluated by a weightbearing subtalar x-ray view. Author(s): Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Fujii T, Kumai T, Sugimoto K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 October; 20(10): 640-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10540995

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Influence of metatarsal head displacement on metatarsal pressure distribution after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Wanivenhaus A, Brettschneider W. Source: Foot Ankle. 1993 February; 14(2): 85-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8454239

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Insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle in feet with and without hallux valgus. Author(s): Brenner E. Source: The Anatomical Record. 1999 March; 254(3): 429-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10096675

Studies

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Insertion of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle in feet with and without hallux valgus. Author(s): Brenner E. Source: Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 2002 May; 15(3): 217-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11948958

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Interventions for treating hallux valgus (abductovalgus) and bunions. Author(s): Ferrari J, Higgins JP, Prior TD. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; (1): Cd000964. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14973960

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Interventions for treating hallux valgus (abductovalgus) and bunions. Author(s): Ferrari J, Higgins JP, Williams RL. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2): Cd000964. Review. Update In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10796404

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Intra- and inter-observer reliability of the distal metatarsal articular angle in adult hallux valgus. Author(s): Clin Evid. 2002 Dec;(8):1103-12 Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 August; 23(8): 722-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12603932

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Investigations on the origin of hallux valgus by electromyographic analysis. Author(s): Shimazaki K, Takebe K. Source: The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences. 1981 August; 27(4): 139-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7321485

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Juvenile hallux valgus with compensated metatarsus adductus. Case report. Author(s): Mahan KT, Jacko J. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1991 October; 81(10): 525-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1774638

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Juvenile hallux valgus. Author(s): Halebian JD, Gaines SS. Source: J Foot Surg. 1983 Winter; 22(4): 290-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6643936

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Juvenile hallux valgus. A conservative approach to treatment. Author(s): Groiso JA. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1992 October; 74(9): 1367-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1429792

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Keller bunionectomy and hallux valgus correction. An appraisal and current modifications sixty-six years later. Author(s): McGlamry ED, Kitting RW, Butlin WE. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1970 April; 60(4): 161-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5418762

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Keller Bunionectomy and hallux valgus correction. Further modifications. Author(s): McGlamry ED, Kitting RW, Butlin WE. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1973 June; 63(6): 237-46. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4732931

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Keller procedure and chevron osteotomy in hallux valgus: five-year results of different surgical philosophies in comparable collectives. Author(s): Schneider W, Knahr K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 April; 23(4): 321-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11991478

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Keller resection arthroplasty for treatment of hallux valgus deformity: increased correction with fibular sesamoidectomy. Author(s): Donley BG, Vaughn RA, Stephenson KA, Richardson EG. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 August; 23(8): 699-703. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12199382

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Keller's arthroplasty and Mitchell osteotomy: a comparison with first metatarsal osteotomy of the long-term results for hallux valgus deformity in the younger female. Author(s): Broughton NS, Winson IG. Source: Foot Ankle. 1990 February; 10(4): 201-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2307375

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Large displacement distal chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Stienstra JJ, Lee JA, Nakadate DT. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2002 July-August; 41(4): 213-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12194510

Studies

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Late results after correction of hallux valgus deformity by basilar phalangeal osteotomy. Author(s): Lawton JH. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1987 July; 69(6): 950. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3597512

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Late results after correction of hallux valgus deformity by basilar phalangeal osteotomy. Author(s): Goldberg I, Bahar A, Yosipovitch Z. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1987 January; 69(1): 64-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3805072

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Late results of modified Mitchell procedure for the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Fokter SK, Podobnik J, Vengust V. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 May; 20(5): 296-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10353765

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Late results of the Keller-Brandes operation for hallux valgus. Author(s): Axt M, Wildner M, Reichelt A. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1993; 112(6): 266-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8123378

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Lateral glove approach to hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Reese HW, Scoffield MH. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1986 June; 76(6): 320-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3723369

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Lateral shifting of the first metatarsal head in hallux valgus surgery: effect on sesamoid reduction. Author(s): Esemenli T, Yildirim Y, Bezer M. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2003 December; 24(12): 922-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14733348

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Leprosy patients and hallux valgus--first report. Author(s): Tozawa T, Kuramatsu Y, Nakata J, Narita M. Source: Nippon Rai Gakkai Zasshi. 1995 July; 64(2): 105-11. English, Japanese. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7592158

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Hallux Valgus

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Long-term results after Mitchell osteotomy in children and adolescents with hallux valgus. Author(s): Karbowski A, Schwitalle M, Eckardt A, Heine J. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 1998 September; 64(3): 263-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9828470

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Long-term results following surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. Author(s): Barry OC. Source: Ir Med J. 1981 July; 74(7): 194-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7263177

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Long-term results of proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Luthje P. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1990 June; 80(6): 304-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2348384

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Mathematical model for pre-operative planning of linear and closing-wedge metatarsal osteotomies for the correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Bettazzoni F, Leardini A, Parenti-Castelli V, Giannini S. Source: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 2004 March; 42(2): 209-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15125151

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McBride's operation for hallux valgus can be used in patients older than 30 years. Author(s): Gebuhr P, Soelberg M, Larsen T, Niclasen BV, Laursen NO. Source: J Foot Surg. 1992 May-June; 31(3): 241-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1619222

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McBride's operation for hallux valgus. A 2-11-year follow-up of 46 cases. Author(s): Gebuhr P, Soelberg M, Larsen TK, Niclasen BV, Laursen NO. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1992 April; 63(2): 189-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1590055

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Measurement of extensor hallucis longus power in patients with hallux valgus. Is the Dandy sign reliable in cases of hallux valgus? Author(s): Gumina S, Postacchini F. Source: Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 1992; 18(4): 491-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1345642

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Measurement of first-ray mobility in normal vs. hallux valgus patients. Author(s): Lee KT, Young K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 December; 22(12): 960-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11783921

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Measurement of the forefoot with roentgen stereophotogrammetry in hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Resch S, Ryd L, Stenstrom A, Yuan X. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 May; 16(5): 271-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7633583

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Measuring hallux valgus: a comparison of conventional radiography and clinical parameters with regard to measurement accuracy. Author(s): Resch S, Ryd L, Stenstrom A, Johnsson K, Reynisson K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 May; 16(5): 267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7633582

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Medial deviation of the first metatarsal head as a result of flexion forces in hallux valgus. Author(s): Sanders AP, Snijders CJ, van Linge B. Source: Foot Ankle. 1992 November-December; 13(9): 515-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1478581

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Medial eminence thickness with and without hallux valgus. Author(s): Thordarson DB, Krewer P. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 January; 23(1): 48-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11822692

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Metatarsalgia in hallux valgus deformity: a pedographic analysis. Author(s): Waldecker U. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2002 September-October; 41(5): 300-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12400713

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Metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis for management of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus. Author(s): Myerson M, Allon S, McGarvey W. Source: Foot Ankle. 1992 March-April; 13(3): 107-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1601337

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Metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis for treatment of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus. Author(s): Myerson M. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 1025-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235735

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Mitchell osteotomy for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Weiner BK, Weiner DS, Mirkopulos N. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 1997 November-December; 17(6): 781-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9591983

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Mitchell osteotomy for hallux valgus: long-term follow-up and gait analysis. Author(s): Merkel KD, Katoh Y, Johnson EW Jr, Chao EY. Source: Foot Ankle. 1983 January-February; 3(4): 189-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6832661

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Mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint in hallux valgus patients: a radiographic analysis. Author(s): Faber FW, Kleinrensink GJ, Mulder PG, Verhaar JA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 December; 22(12): 965-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11783922

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Mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint in relation to hallux valgus deformity: anatomical and biomechanical aspects. Author(s): Faber FW, Kleinrensink GJ, Verhoog MW, Vijn AH, Snijders CJ, Mulder PG, Verhaar JA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 October; 20(10): 651-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10540997

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Moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity: correction with proximal crescentic osteotomy and distal soft-tissue release. Author(s): Zettl R, Trnka HJ, Easley M, Salzer M, Ritschl P. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2000; 120(7-8): 397-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10968526

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Modification of the crescentic osteotomy for hallux valgus correction. A preliminary report. Author(s): Daly N. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1992 May; 82(5): 260-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1640374

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Modified Austin procedure for correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Trnka HJ, Zembsch A, Wiesauer H, Hungerford M, Salzer M, Ritschl P. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 March; 18(3): 119-27. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9116890

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Modified chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Donnelly RE, Saltzman CL, Kile TA, Johnson KA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1994 December; 15(12): 642-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7894634

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Modified distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Hyytinen T, Lantto E, Kallio P, Salo S, Kaukonen JP. Source: Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1995; 84(1): 81-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7645914

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Modified distal osteotomy of shortening the first metatarsal and for treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Tang R, Dai K, Chen Y, Shi D. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1995 July; 108(7): 512-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7555269

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Modified Lapidus procedure for hallux valgus. Author(s): Sangeorzan BJ, Hansen ST Jr. Source: Foot Ankle. 1989 June; 9(6): 262-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2744666

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Modified lapidus procedure for the treatment of hypermobile hallux valgus. Author(s): Bednarz PA, Manoli A 2nd. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2000 October; 21(10): 816-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11128011

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Modified Mayo operation for hallux valgus and bunion--a comparison with the Keller procedure. Author(s): Rix RR. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1968 October; 50(7): 1368-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5677291

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Modified Mitchell bunionectomy for management of adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): McDonald MG, Stevens DB. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1996 November; (332): 163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8913159

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Modified Mitchell osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Kuo CH, Huang PJ, Cheng YM, Huang KY, Chen TB, Chen YW, Lin SY. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1998 September; 19(9): 585-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9763162

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Modified Van Nes procedure for hallux valgus. Author(s): Salocker BM, Salocker RP, Lucas MS. Source: J Foot Surg. 1988 September-October; 27(5): 458-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3230265

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Muscle imbalance in hallux valgus: an electromyographic study. Author(s): Arinci Incel N, Genc H, Erdem HR, Yorgancioglu ZR. Source: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists. 2003 May; 82(5): 345-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12704272

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Muscle in hallux valgus. Author(s): Hoffmeyer P, Cox JN, Blanc Y, Meyer JM, Taillard W. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1988 July; (232): 112-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3383479

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New radiographic analysis of sesamoid rotation in hallux valgus: comparison with conventional evaluation methods. Author(s): Kuwano T, Nagamine R, Sakaki K, Urabe K, Iwamoto Y. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 September; 23(9): 811-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12356178

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Normal and pathologic anatomy of hallux valgus. Author(s): Turan I. Source: J Foot Surg. 1989 September-October; 28(5): 471-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2584632

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Oblique displacement osteotomy according to Crawford adams for hallux valgus. Author(s): Kromann-Andersen C, Frandsen PA. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1982 June; 53(3): 477-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7090772

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Observations on complications after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Kirschner C. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1974 April; 64(4): 216-36. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4826079

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Operative treatment for hallux valgus in children with cerebral palsy. Author(s): Jenter M, Lipton GE, Miller F. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1998 December; 19(12): 830-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9872470

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Operative treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Soren A. Source: N Y State J Med. 1970 September 1; 70(17): 2215-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5273001

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Orthopedic case study: bunionectomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Hill JA. Source: Ona J. 1978 April; 5(4): 110-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=247257

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Ossification anomaly associated with interphalangeal hallux valgus. Author(s): Theander G, Danielsson LG. Source: Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1982; 23(3B): 301-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6816014

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Osteotomy and fixation for hallux valgus. Author(s): Pelet D. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1981 June; (157): 42-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7249461

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Osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Artz T, Rogers SC. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1972; 88: 50-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5086579

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Osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Love C. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1995 January; 77(1): 1645. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7822386

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Osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Singh D. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1994 March; 76(2): 333. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8113308

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Outcome study of hallux valgus surgery--an AOFAS multi-center study. Author(s): Thordarson DB, Rudicel SA, Ebramzadeh E, Gill LH. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 December; 22(12): 956-9. Erratum In: Foot Ankle Int 2002 February; 23(2): 96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11783920

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Pathophysiology, anatomy, and biomechanics of hallux valgus. Author(s): Shereff MJ. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 939-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235742

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Plaster support after Wilson's osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Ramanathan EB, Heywood-Waddington MB. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1988 May; 70(3): 412-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3372562

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Postoperative hallux valgus exercises. Author(s): Weil LS Jr, Benton-Weil W. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 1998 July-August; 37(4): 355. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9710791

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Posttraumatic development of hallux valgus. Author(s): Ganel A, Israeli A, Horoszowski H. Source: Orthop Rev. 1987 September; 16(9): 667-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3453992

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Potential for recurrence of hallux valgus after a modified Hohmann osteotomy: a biomechanical analysis. Author(s): Sanders AP, Snijders CJ, Linge BV. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 June; 16(6): 351-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7550943

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Power staple fixation in hallux valgus surgery: a preliminary report. Author(s): Cooke RA, Karlin JM, Scurran BL, Silvani SH. Source: J Foot Surg. 1989 November-December; 28(6): 527-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2698406

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Precise anatomic configuration changes in the first ray of the hallux valgus foot. Author(s): Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Sugimoto K, Kumai T, Sakamoto T, Kadono K. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2000 August; 21(8): 651-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10966362

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Preoperative criteria for hallux valgus surgery and use of convergent angled base wedge osteotomy. Author(s): Southerland CC Jr, Spinner SM. Source: J Foot Surg. 1987 November-December; 26(6): 471-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3446702

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Preoperative planning for hallux valgus bunion surgery: photonics versus templates. Author(s): Woodle AS. Source: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1989 January; 6(1): 27-45. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2653610

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Prevalence of hallux valgus in a neolithic New Guinea population. Author(s): Maclennan R. Source: Lancet. 1966 June 25; 1(7452): 1398-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4161195

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Prospective, randomized comparison of proximal crescentic and proximal chevron osteotomies for correction of hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Easley ME, Kiebzak GM, Davis WH, Anderson RB. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 June; 17(6): 307-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8791076

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Proximal closing wedge osteotomy and adductor tenotomy for treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Graziano TA. Source: Foot Ankle. 1989 December; 10(3): 191. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2613135

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Proximal closing wedge osteotomy and adductor tenotomy for treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Resch S, Stenstrom A, Egund N. Source: Foot Ankle. 1989 June; 9(6): 272-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2744668

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Proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus correction: a comparison of crescentic and chevron procedures. Author(s): Markbreiter LA, Thompson FM. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 February; 18(2): 71-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9043877

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Proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Cedell CA, Astrom M. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1982 December; 53(6): 1013-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7180392

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Proximal oblique crescentic osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Pehlivan O, Akmaz I, Solakoglu C, Kiral A, Kaplan H. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2004 January-February; 94(1): 43-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14729990

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Proximal osteotomy in hallux valgus, long-term results of 167 operated feet. A retrospective study. Author(s): Haapaniemi TM, Manninen MJ, Arajarvi EJ. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1997; 116(6-7): 376-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9266045

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Proximal phalangeal osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Silberman FS. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1972; 85: 98-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5036936

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Proximal phalangeal osteotomy in hallux valgus. Author(s): Colloff B, Weitz EM. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1967 September-October; 54: 10513. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5589593

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Quantification of first tarsometatarsal joint stiffness in hallux valgus patients. Author(s): Faber FW, Zollinger PE, Kleinrensink GJ, Damen L, Mulder PG, Snijders CJ, Verhaar JA. Source: Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2001 October; 16(8): 714-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11535355

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Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus in women on weightbearing and nonweightbearing. Author(s): Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Takaoka T, Akiyama K, Fujii T, Tamai S. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1997 March; (336): 186-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9060504

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Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus. A two-dimensional coordinate system. Author(s): Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Kumai T, Samoto N, Tamai S. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1995 February; 77(2): 205-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7844126

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Radiographic features that enable assessment of first metatarsal rotation: the role of pronation in hallux valgus. Author(s): Eustace S, O'Byrne J, Stack J, Stephens MM. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1993; 22(3): 153-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8480199

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Radiographic measurement of hallux valgus in the rheumatoid arthritic foot. Author(s): Budiman-Mak E, Roach KE, Stuck R, Spencer F, Polizos T, Conrad KJ. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 April; 21(4): 623-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8035383

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Re: Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus repair: the dark side, Coetzee, JC, Foot Ankle Int. 24(1):29-33, 2003. Author(s): Madhav R, Singh D. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2003 July; 24(7): 572; Author Reply 572. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12921366

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Regnauld procedure for hallux valgus. Author(s): Meyer HR, Muller G. Source: Foot Ankle. 1990 June; 10(6): 299-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2358257

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Relation between hallux valgus deformity and lumbar and lower extremity biomechanics. Author(s): Incel NA, Genc H, Yorgancioglu ZR, Erdem HR. Source: Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2002 July; 18(7): 329-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12380322

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Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft-tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy. A long-term follow-up. Author(s): Mann RA, Rudicel S, Graves SC. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1992 January; 74(1): 124-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1734001

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Results of Akin type proximal phalangeal osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Plattner PF, Van Manen JW. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 989-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235747

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Review of distal metatarsal osteotomies for hallux valgus in the young. Author(s): Auerbach AM. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1970 May-June; 70: 148-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5445720

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Rheumatoid arthritis with hallux valgus. Author(s): Rubin LM. Source: J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1968 November; 58(11): 481. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5722846

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Roentgenographic assessment in hallux valgus. Author(s): Scott G, Wilson DW, Bentley G. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1991 June; (267): 143-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2044267

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Roger A. Mann Award. The reliability of angular measurements in hallux valgus deformities. Author(s): Coughlin MJ, Freund E. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 May; 22(5): 369-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11428754

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Roger A. Mann Award. Juvenile hallux valgus: etiology and treatment. Author(s): Coughlin MJ. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1995 November; 16(11): 682-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8589807

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Role of medical capsule and transverse metatarsal ligament in hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Kura H, Luo ZP, Kitaoka HB, An KN. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1998 September; (354): 235-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9755784

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Rupture of the flexor hallucis longus after hallux valgus surgery: case report and comments on technique for adductor release. Author(s): Campbell DC 2nd. Source: Foot Ankle. 1991 October; 12(2): 132. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1773995

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Rupture of the flexor hallucis longus after hallux valgus surgery: case report and comments on technique for adductor release. Author(s): Brand JC Jr, Smith RW. Source: Foot Ankle. 1991 June; 11(6): 407-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1894238

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Salvage of complications of hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Lehman DE. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2003 March; 8(1): 15-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12760572

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Salvage treatment of failed hallux valgus operations with proximal first metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft-tissue reconstruction. Author(s): Kitaoka HB, Patzer GL. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1998 March; 19(3): 127-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9542981

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Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Historical perspective, surgical technique, and results. Author(s): Weil LS. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 559-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232397

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Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Surgical technique and results as compared to distal chevron osteotomy. Author(s): Dereymaeker G. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 513-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232395

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Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction. Local anatomy, surgical technique, and combination with other forefoot procedures. Author(s): Barouk LS. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2000 September; 5(3): 525-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11232396

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Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus repair: the dark side. Author(s): Coetzee JC. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2003 January; 24(1): 29-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12540078

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Sensory dysfunction in the great toe in hallux valgus. Author(s): Herron ML, Kar S, Beard D, Binfield P. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 2004 January; 86(1): 54-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14765866

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Shaft osteotomies in hallux valgus reduction. Author(s): Vogler HW. Source: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1989 January; 6(1): 47-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2653611

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Shape of the first metatarsal head in hallux rigidus and hallux valgus. Author(s): Brahm SM. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1988 June; 78(6): 300-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3397881

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Silastic ball spacer arthroplasty in the management of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. Author(s): Broughton NS, Doran A, Meggitt BF. Source: Foot Ankle. 1989 October; 10(2): 61-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2807107

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Silastic implant arthroplasty with proximal metatarsal osteotomy for painful hallux valgus. Author(s): Myers SR, Herndon JH. Source: Foot Ankle. 1990 February; 10(4): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2307379

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Silicone implant arthroplasty for second metatarsophalangeal joint disorders with and without hallux valgus deformities. Author(s): Cracchiolo A 3rd, Kitaoka HB, Leventen EO. Source: Foot Ankle. 1988 August; 9(1): 10-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3220330

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Simple osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Davis M, Litman T. Source: Minn Med. 1976 December; 59(12): 836-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1004473

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Skeletal parameters in the hallux valgus foot. Author(s): Lundberg BJ, Sulja T. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1972; 43(6): 576-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4651937

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Sling procedure for correction of splay-foot, metatarsus primus varus, and hallux valgus. Author(s): Joplin RJ. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1996 March; 17(3): 136-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8919616

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Stabilization of the Chevron procedure for hallux valgus deformity with a capsuloperiostal flap. Author(s): Us K, Yilmaz C, Ozdemir M, Ogun T. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 1999 January-February; 38(1): 2-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10028463

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Surgery for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Helal B, Gupta SK, Gojaseni P. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1974; 45(2): 271-95. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4600689

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Surgery for adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Helal B. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1981 June; (157): 50-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7271961

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Surgery for hallux valgus. The expectations of patients and surgeons. Author(s): Schneider W, Knahr K. Source: International Orthopaedics. 2001; 25(6): 382-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11820447

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Surgery in hallux valgus. Author(s): Colloff B, Weitz EM. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1982 April; (164): 312. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7067304

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Surgery vs orthosis vs watchful waiting for hallux valgus: a randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Torkki M, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S, Hoikka V, Laippala P, Paavolainen P. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001 May 16; 285(19): 2474-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11368700

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Surgical correction and subsequent physiotherapy for hallux valgus deformity. Author(s): Dallosso F. Source: Physiotherapy. 1973 January 10; 59(1): 12-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4802854

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Surgical correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Soren A. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1980; 96(1): 53-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7377927

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Surgical correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Soren A. Source: Surgery. 1972 January; 71(1): 44-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5007583

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Surgical management of hallux valgus deformity in children with cerebral palsy. Author(s): Davids JR, Mason TA, Danko A, Banks D, Blackhurst D. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 2001 January-February; 21(1): 89-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11176360

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Surgical treatment for hallux valgus with painful plantar callosities. Author(s): Okuda R, Kinoshita M, Morikawa J, Jotoku T, Abe M. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 March; 22(3): 203-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11310861

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Surgical treatment of adolescent hallux valgus. Author(s): Geissele AE, Stanton RP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 1990 September-October; 10(5): 642-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2394818

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Surgical treatment of hallux valgus by reconstruction of metatarsal arch and modified McBride operation (40 cases report). Author(s): Weng X, He R, Li K, Liang Q, Li B. Source: Chinese Medical Sciences Journal = Chung-Kuo I Hsueh K'o Hsueh Tsa Chih / Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. 1995 June; 10(2): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7647315

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Surgical treatment of hallux valgus deformity in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and radiographic evaluation of modified Lapidus technique. Author(s): Shi K, Hayashida K, Tomita T, Tanabe M, Ochi T. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2000 November-December; 39(6): 376-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11131474

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Temporary internal fixation of the osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Ormandy L. Source: Am J Orthop. 1966 July-August; 8(7): 112-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6010137

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Tendon shift in hallux valgus: observations at MR imaging. Author(s): Eustace S, Williamson D, Wilson M, O'Byrne J, Bussolari L, Thomas M, Stephens M, Stack J, Weissman B. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1996 August; 25(6): 519-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8865484

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The chevron osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Comparison of findings after two and five years of follow-up. Author(s): Trnka HJ, Zembsch A, Easley ME, Salzer M, Ritschl P, Myerson MS. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2000 October; 82A(10): 1373-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11057464

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The effect of hallux valgus correction on chronic plantar ulceration. A case report. Author(s): Bryant AR, Singer KP, Tinley P. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1999 July; 89(7): 358-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10423941

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The effects of a new foot-toe orthosis in treating painful hallux valgus. Author(s): Tang SF, Chen CP, Pan JL, Chen JL, Leong CP, Chu NK. Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2002 December; 83(12): 17925. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12474189

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The first intermetatarsal angle in hallux valgus: an analysis of measurement reliability and the error involved. Author(s): Condon F, Kaliszer M, Conhyea D, O' Donnell T, Shaju A, Masterson E. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 August; 23(8): 717-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12199385

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The grading of hallux valgus. The Manchester Scale. Author(s): Garrow AP, Papageorgiou A, Silman AJ, Thomas E, Jayson MI, Macfarlane GJ. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2001 February; 91(2): 748. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11266481

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The Lapidus procedure as salvage after failed surgical treatment of hallux valgus. Surgical technique. Author(s): Coetzee JC, Resig SG, Kuskowski M, Saleh KJ. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2004 March; 86-A Suppl 1: 30-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14996919

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The Lapidus procedure as salvage after failed surgical treatment of hallux valgus: a prospective cohort study. Author(s): Coetzee JC, Resig SG, Kuskowski M, Saleh KJ. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2003 January; 85-A(1): 60-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12533573

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The Mayday distal first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus: a review after the introduction of a new instrument. Author(s): Terzis GD, Kashif F, Mowbray MA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1997 January; 18(1): 3-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9013107

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The McBride bunion hallux valgus operation. Author(s): McBride ED. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1967 December; 49(8): 1675-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4863834

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The Mitchell distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus--the Singapore General Hospital experience. Author(s): Tan MY, Seow KH, Tay BK. Source: Singapore Med J. 1998 December; 39(12): 547-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10067399

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The Mitchell procedure for the treatment of adolescent hallux valgus. A long-term study. Author(s): Canale PB, Aronsson DD, Lamont RL, Manoli A 2nd. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1993 November; 75(11): 1610-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8245053

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The modified Wilson osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Keogh P, Jaishanker JS, O'Connell RJ, White M. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1990 June; (255): 263-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2347160

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The oblique proximal phalangeal osteotomy in the correction of hallux valgus. Author(s): Cohen MM. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2003 September-October; 42(5): 282-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14566720

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The off-set V osteotomy with screw fixation for correction of hallux valgus: a retrospective study. Author(s): Goel AR, Vogel BI. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 1993 May-June; 32(3): 305-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8339087

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The scarf osteotomy for severe hallux valgus. Author(s): Perugia D, Basile A, Gensini A, Stopponi M, Simeonibus AU. Source: International Orthopaedics. 2003; 27(2): 103-6. Epub 2002 December 03. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12700934

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The SCARF osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformities. Author(s): Kristen KH, Berger C, Stelzig S, Thalhammer E, Posch M, Engel A. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 March; 23(3): 221-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11934064

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The scarf osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity: a review of 84 cases. Author(s): Crevoisier X, Mouhsine E, Ortolano V, Udin B, Dutoit M. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2001 December; 22(12): 970-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11783923

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The treatment of hallux valgus by distal osteotomy of the 1st metatarsal. Author(s): Dovey H. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1969; 40(3): 402-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5371320

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The treatment of metatarsalgia with hallux valgus. Author(s): Raymakers R, Waugh W. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1971 November; 53(4): 684-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5131819

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The Viladot-Regnauld operation for hallux valgus. Author(s): Monteleone G, Vigilante M, Mazzotta C, Monteleone M. Source: International Orthopaedics. 2003; 27(1): 36-9. Epub 2002 October 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12582807

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Transarticular distal soft-tissue release with an arthroscopic blade for hallux valgus correction. Author(s): Stamatis ED, Huber MH, Myerson MS. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2004 January; 25(1): 13-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14768959

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Traumatic hallux valgus following rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a case report. Author(s): Fabeck LG, Zekhnini C, Farrokh D, Descamps PY, Delince PE. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2002 March-April; 41(2): 125-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11995833

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Treating hallux valgus deformities: versatility is required. Author(s): Coughlin MJ. Source: Orthopedics. 1990 September; 13(9): 935. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2235741

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Treatment of hallux valgus by oblique osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Author(s): Mizuno K, Hashimura M, Kimura M, Hirohata K. Source: Foot Ankle. 1992 October; 13(8): 447-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1483604

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Treatment of hallux valgus in China. Author(s): Chen BX. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1992 April; 105(4): 334-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1618018

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Treatment of hallux valgus with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle: evaluation of double and triple first ray osteotomies. Author(s): Coughlin MJ, Carlson RE. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 December; 20(12): 762-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10609703

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Venous thrombosis after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Thalava R. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2004 April; 86-A(4): 872; Author Reply 872. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15069161

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Venous thrombosis after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Simon MA, Mass DP. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2004 April; 86-A(4): 871; Author Reply 871-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15069159

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Venous thrombosis after hallux valgus surgery. Author(s): Radl R, Kastner N, Aigner C, Portugaller H, Schreyer H, Windhager R. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2003 July; 85-A(7): 1204-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12851343

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Wagdy's technique for treatment of hallux valgus by double-V osteotomy. Author(s): Gerbert J. Source: The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 1995 November-December; 34(6): 597. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8646216

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What is the best treatment for patients with symptomatic mild-to-moderate hallux valgus (bunions)? Author(s): Oliver MN. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 2001 August; 50(8): 718. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11509169

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Wilson osteotomy stabilised by means of internal fixation for the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Givissis P, Karataglis D, Christodoulou A, Terzidis I, Pournaras J. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 2004 February; 70(1): 57-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15055319

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Wilson shaft osteotomy for hallux valgus. Author(s): Klareskov B, Dalsgaard S, Gebuhr P. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1988 June; 59(3): 307-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3381662

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Wilson's osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus. Author(s): Schemitsch E, Horne G. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1989 March; (240): 221-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2917436

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Wilson's osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux valgus in the adolescent and the young adult. Author(s): Booley BJ, Berryman DB. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1973 December; 43(3): 25561. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4533442

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CHAPTER 2. PATENTS ON HALLUX VALGUS Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.4 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “hallux valgus” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on hallux valgus, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patents on Hallux Valgus By performing a patent search focusing on hallux valgus, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an 4Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.

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example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on hallux valgus: •

Apparatus for correcting long bone deformation Inventor(s): Mortier; Jean-Pierre (71 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, FR) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,810,822 Date filed: October 21, 1996 Abstract: The apparatus of the invention includes at least a first device (21) with a rigid elongated body (1) including two main sections angularly coupled with each other by an angular coupling region forming an angle substantially equal to the angular correction to be applied to a bone (18). First anchoring elements (5) shaped as pins are provided to be transversely attached to the proximal portion (24) of the bone (18); second anchoring elements in the form of bone screws (26) are provided to be attached to the diaphysis portion of the bone (18). The first device (21) is positioned on the bone (18) following an opening osteotomy (23). A second device (22) n the form of a four pin clip, may be positioned on an adjacent bone (19) on each side of a closure osteotomy (27) in order to complete the correction. A Hallux Valgus can thus be corrected. Excerpt(s): This application is filed under 35 U.S.C.371, based on PCT/FR95/00544 which was filed on Apr. 26, 1995. The present invention concerns equipment for correcting deformation of certain long bones, inparticular small long bones in the human body. The equipment of the invention is used in particular to correct deformation, mainly hallux valgus deformation, of the hallux (innermost digit) of the foot. The hallux comprises three long bones in succession articulated to each other, namely the first metatarsal, the first phalange and the second phalange. A hallux valgus deformation is an excessive inward deviation of the hallux. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05810822__

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Corrective supporter for correcting hallux valgus and digitus verus minimi deformity Inventor(s): Kasahara; Iwao (3734-6, Totsukacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, JP) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,318,373 Date filed: September 18, 2000 Abstract: A corrective supporter provides for correction of Hallux Valgus and Digitus Varus Minimi to allow the stable maintenance of outer and inner vertical and lateral arches of a plantar sole. The corrective supporter includes a pushing band to push against the inward or outward prominent metatarsophalangeal to the normal positions, and two resilient reinforcements, the first resilient reinforcement which is located between the first toe and the second or into which the first toe is fitted such that the first toe moves away from the second by the outward push force or pull force, and the second resilient reinforcement which is located between the fifth toe and the fourth or into which the fifth toe is fitted such that the fifth toe moves away from the fourth toe by the outward push force, or the pull force. The maintenance of the outer and inner

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vertical and lateral arches permit the wearer to walk well, and eliminates a problem of slippage and rotation of the corrective supporter on the foot surface during walking. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a corrective supporter for correcting hallux valgus and digitus varus minimi deformities, and particularly to a corrective supporter having a pushing band to push against prominent first and fifth metatasopharangeal joints that protrude from the correct position on the foot, and resilient reinforcements for separating a first toe which might approach the second, from the latter, and the fifth which might approach the fourth, from the latter so as to reinforce the push force of the pushing band. The present invention is intended to eliminate problems with Hallux Vulgus and Toe Varus, which are shock waves and buckling waves that were found as a result of my study on human feet. It is generally known that when people step paces, the weight is taken on three points of the heel, the first toe, and the fifth toe. It will be understood that the foot is subjected to the shock in response to the weight which is moved upward and downward during the contact with and the separation from the earth, but it must be known still that at the time buckling waves are also generated. The shock and buckling waves, which are generated by the severe vibrations of the foot are similar to waves of vertical and lateral shakes that are generated by earthquakes, and become harmful stresses traveling to the body over and over for Hallux Valgus and Digitus Varus Minimi. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06318373__ •

Device for hallux valgus Inventor(s): Chong; Andrew K. (501 E. Praire Ave., Wheaton, IL 60187), Chong; Catherine S. (501 E. Praire Ave., Wheaton, IL 60187) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,093,163 Date filed: March 22, 1999 Abstract: A unitary device for the correction of hallux valgus is made of an elastomeric fabric material that includes a large portion that encloses the forefoot cirumferentially, and a smaller portion that encloses the great toe circumferentially. The fabric for constructing the device is cut in such a way that there is a bias towards varus of the great toe. Once the device is applied on the great toe and forefoot, the bias of the cut exerts a varus force on the great toe, thus correcting the valgus deformity. Excerpt(s): Hallux valgus is a deformity of the foot characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe with medial deviation of the first metatarsal bone. This often leads to irritation of the bursal sac on the medial side of the metatarsophalangeal joint with thickening and pain (the bunion). The condition may develop in childhood, but often does not start to cause symptoms until middle age. It is probably hereditary, but often aggravated by inappropriate shoewear. When the deformity is severe and causes symptoms, the treatment is often surgery to correct the hallux valgus and excision of the bunion. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06093163__

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Device for repair of hallux valgus Inventor(s): Graser; Robert E. (7333 Barlite, Suite 330, San Antonio, TX 78224) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,843,085 Date filed: October 14, 1997 Abstract: An osteotomy guide apparatus for assisting in the conduct of Chevron, Youngswick, and Reverdin osteotomy procedures. The osteotomy guide comprises a first and second saw slot converging at an apex. The apparatus further comprises a multiplicity of bone pin holes to firmly fix the osteotomy guide in place and optionally, a visualizer element to indicate to the surgeon the amount of correction which may be expected from the procedure before actual bone cuts are made. The guide may also comprise a first and second stage body which operate in a cooperative fashion to increase the amount of correction and stability provided by any given procedure. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgery, and more particularly, to devices used to assist in the repair of pronounced bunion deformities, commonly known as hallux valgus. Hallux valgus has been described as a "static subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal." This condition is occasionally accompanied by rotational pronation of the great toe in severe cases. One of the common causes of hallux valgus is prolonged deformation of the foot brought about by wearing shoes which do not fit properly. In such cases, the great toe is forced into an abnormal orientation for a long period of time, which eventually stretches out the joint capsule, promoting abnormal migration of the muscles. Due to the prevalence of narrow highheel shoes, women tend to acquire bunions much more commonly than do men. Other factors which may contribute to the condition of hallux valgus include rounded unstable metatarsophalangeal joint surfaces and oblique joint surfaces located at the proximal first metatarsal joint. Once the muscles have migrated laterally outside of the joint line, the hallux valgus deformity reinforces itself and tends to become even more pronounced. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05843085__

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Device for the repair of a hallux valgus deformity Inventor(s): Toomey; Eugene P. (801 Broadway, Suite 1000, Seattle, WA 98121) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,391,031 Date filed: May 17, 2001 Abstract: A one piece osteotomy guide and method of use, for making a bi plane chevron cut in an osteotomy surgery, such as bunion surgery where accurate redirection of a bone or joint is required. This guide is used to mark a first cut and then placed in the cut. The guide is then used to direct the second cut. Use of the guide allows these cuts to match perfectly, thus speeding the healing process. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an improvement in the methods used to perform chevron osteotomy procedures that are commonly employed in bunion correction surgery. More specifically, to the design of a device that will aid orthopedic surgeons in making the precise bone cuts that are necessary for the successful

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completion of a biplane chevron osteotomy procedure and the treatment of a hallux valgus or bunion deformities. A hallux valgus deformity is a very common foot disorder that results in the formation of a bunion on a patient's foot which can be a source of pain and embarrassment. The deformity is a result of a static subluxation of the first metatarsalphalangeal joint (herein after referred to as the MTP joint) with a lateral deviation of the big toe and a medial deviation of the first metatarsal. More specifically, the word hallux is the medical term for the big toe and valgus is an anatomical term which refers to a deformity that is oriented in a direction away from the midline of the body. That is to say, the term hallux valgus describes a big toe that, from its tip to its base, is deformed in an outward manner in relation to the body of the foot. The condition can also be medically described in terms of the first metatarsal bone as metatarsus primus varus which refers to the orientation of the first metatarsal from its tip to its base being pointed towards the midline of the foot. The result of this skeletal deformity is very often a large protruding bump on the outside base of the big toe that can be very sensitive to any pressure created by contact. Additionally, the condition is self-perpetuating in that the pressure it creates against the patient's footwear causes the metatarsal bone at the point of contact to thicken. This thickening at the head of the metatarsal increases the size of the resulting bunion which adds to the pressure at the point of contact which in turn increases the severity of the condition and the associated discomfort to the patient. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06391031__ •

Foot supporter having projection for acupressure which abuts on base region of toes when fitted Inventor(s): Tanaka; Nobutaka (Daito, JP) Assignee(s): Tanaka Planning Corporation (Osaka, JP) Patent Number: 5,792,093 Date filed: February 27, 1997 Abstract: A foot supporter body is formed into a cylindrical shape using cloth having excellent elasticity and it has an approximately X-shaped acupressure projection on its inner side including first to fourth linear ribs extending in four directions from the center. The acupressure projection is formed in a symmetrical shape on the right and left sides of the center. When this foot supporter is fitted on the foot in the region somewhat back from the base region of the toes, the acupressure projection stimulates the surface of the foot to produce the effect of treating hallux valgus and the like and reducing the pain in the sole of foot caused by the this problem. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to supporters, and particularly to a foot supporter for treating hallux valgus and minimus valgus and for reducing the pain due to these troubles, which can also be used to reduce pain in the sole of the foot caused when exercising, and for other purposes. If hallux valgus, in which the base of the big toe (hallux) of the foot outwardly projects, occurs, the projecting part of the toe is pressed against a shoe, for example. This may cause pain not only in that region but also in a region extending to the ankle or to the knee. The same is true in the case of minimus valgus in which the base of the little toe (minimus) outwardly protrudes. The technique of so-called taping for treating hallux valgus and the like, and reduction in the accompanying pain, by sticking adhesive tapes on the diseased part is known, which is practiced in an osteopath's office, for example.

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Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05792093__ •

Hallux valgus brace Inventor(s): Nakamura; Toshiro (Ha 132, Omori-cho, Oda-shi, Shimane, JP) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,644,940 Date filed: March 20, 1985 Abstract: A hallux-valgus-remedy brace comprising a bag portion which embraces the hallux and two stretchable belts fixed to the bag portion, one of the belts being provided near the bag portion with an inserting portion which allows the other belt to pass through it. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a brace used to conservatively correct the hallux from valgus. In Europe and America wherein more cases are found than in Japan, a large variety of methods of operation have been disclosed (conventional methods of correcting a bunion include cutting off the head of first metatersal, a combination of osteotomy and tendotomy, new joint formation by implanting, etc.). The many different approaches to correcting the bunion shows that no single method is available that gives excellent results. Surgical operation of a hallux valgus accompanied by congential arthrochalasis or nervimuscular disease is said to have a relapse rate of 50% or more. In such a case, operation should be avoided. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04644940__

•

Orthopedic sandal Inventor(s): Dieterich; Alfred (Westtorgraben 3, 8500 Nurnberg, DE) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,244,359 Date filed: September 25, 1979 Abstract: An orthopedic sandal for correction of hammer toes and Hallux Valgus (Xtoe) being a lever arm extending along the longitudinal axis of the sole of a sandal and being pivotally connected to the sole in its rearward portion. A toe holding bar for pressing the toes downward is connected to the free end of the lever arm and various embodiments of mechanisms for moving the large toe medially for correcting Hallux Valgus are operatively associated with the lever arm. Further mechanisms for stretching the large toe in conjunction with the intermittent treatment of the Hallux Valgus are operatively interconnected with the mechanisms for moving the large toe medially. Excerpt(s): The instant invention concerns an orthopedic sandal being provided with a lever arrangement for the corrective treatment of hammer toes. A lever arrangement in a sandal sole is activated by placing the foot onto the sandal, and to thereby transmit a force on the toes which corrects the position of the hammer toes, and wherein preferably simultaneously a force is transmitted by means of the pressure of the foot intermittently affecting the large toe, forcing same inwardly (medially) for correcting the Hallux Valgus (so-called X-position of the toes). Hammer toes are defined to be partially-stiff toes where the basic joints of the toes are in an over-stretched position and the middle and end joints are in a bent position and are either partially or totally stiff. Previously,

Patents 55

successful treatment of hammer toes was only possible by surgery. One type of sandal, however, is known in the art in which a thin aluminum plate is placed from the top onto the stretch-contraction of the toes. An elastic rubber-band is guided around this plate and below the bottom surface of the sandal and is stretched. The stress force of this rubber-band should stretch the hammer toes. However, when the pressure is heavy enough to effect the treatment, blood circulation is cut off. It is furthermore disadvantageous that at the moment of main stress on the front portion of the foot, i.e., during walking, the pressure of the device is released. Hallus Valgus is a condition wherein the large toe of the foot is partially stiffened at its base joint, with a deviation of its position toward the outer side of the foot and in many instances may be pointed upwards to some extent. Corrective treatment procedures as known in the prior art exist only in the form of daily bandagings and by nightly applications of a splint, exclusively for the separate treatment of the Hallus Valgus. This condition appears, however, mostly in combination with hammer toes. Thus, a treatment for one condition is not necessarily suitable for the other. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04244359__ •

Shoe orthosis or shoe orthosis parts Inventor(s): Dieterich; Alfred (Westtorgraben 3, Nurnberg, DE) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 4,393,876 Date filed: May 15, 1981 Abstract: A shoe orthosis device for corrective treatment of foot deformities such as flatfoot, bent foot, splay-foot, hammer toes, hallux valgus, and others, comprising a sole member having a force transmitting mechanism and a foot pressure plate mounted thereon so that downward force at the heel during walking will be transmitted to the forefoot region to rotate and/or transversely move the forefoot, and great toe, and press the toes downwardly to correct the deformities. Excerpt(s): The invention concerns an orthopedic shoe appliance or shoe appliance component with a mechanism for corrective treatment of foot deformities, whereby the pressure force of the rear part of the foot on the appliance or appliance component is transmitted to the part of the foot which is being treated, in an intermittently acting force. An orthopedic sandal of this type was proposed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 78,715 filed Sept. 25, 1979, now Patent No. 4,244,359, for corrective treatment of "hammer toe" and possibly also for correction of the X-position of the great toe. A similar orthopedic sandal of this type is the subject of the prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 940,064, filed Sept. 8, 1978 now abandoned. The underlying problem solved by the invention consists primarily of devising an orthopedic shoe appliance, or shoe appliance parts, such that an intermittent corrective treatment of such foot deformities is possible, whereby the position of the bones of the foot part of the foot is corrected with respect to the rear part of the foot (heel) by means of tensile, compressive, and/or torsional stresses. Further, the means for accomplishing these corrections, including correction of hallux valgus (a great toe partially stiffened in the basal joint in the Xposition), which is mostly connected with a disorder of toes 2 through 5 in the form of so-called "claw-toes" and "hammer toes", should be made as simple as possible, so as to keep the manufacturing cost low and to ensure that the practical embodiment is as simple and durable, (sturdy and strong) as possible. To solve this problem, the invention provides, first of all, means subjected to force, which turn the front part of the foot

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around the longitudinal axis of the foot and/or move it laterally around an axis running perpendicularly to the sole of the foot, whereby said means grip the medial side of the front part of the foot so as to lower (i.e., push down on) said front part of the foot "to lower it", thus working a rotation of said forefoot. The base piece of the shoe appliance may be a sandal or a shoe and the inventive mechanism component may be a mechanism which is installable in the shoe, which generally is a special shoe. The following foot deformities are correctively and intermittently treated by means of the invention, either with the foot in the resting position, where the foot is pressed against the floor or ground with an appropriate rhythm by the wearer, or, preferably, in the course of walking. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04393876__

Patent Applications on Hallux Valgus As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.5 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to hallux valgus: •

Length adjustable shoe Inventor(s): Ha, Ki-Ho; (Pusan, KR) Correspondence: Robert A. Yesukevich; Michael Best & Friedrich Llc; Suite 1900; 401 N. Michigan Avenue; Chicago; IL; 60611; US Patent Application Number: 20040107604 Date filed: December 10, 2002 Abstract: A length-adjustable shoe is disclosed. The shoe includes an outsole, an insole attached on the outsole, an upper attached on the insole, means for adjusting a length of the insole, which is provided at the insole, an upper tension member provided at the upper, a lower tension member provided at the outsole, and means for fastening a front part and a rear part of the upper divided by the upper tension member to maintain a size of the shoe at a wearer's foot size. The shoe is extended and contracted longitudinally without change of an outer shape of the shoe, by the length-adjusting means, the upper tension member, the lower tension member, and the fastening means. The shoe can accommodate a wearer suffering hallux valgus or hallux varus, a wearer with both feet having different sizes, and a wearer with rapid growth rate. The shoe can be worn by a wearer for a long period of time without needless expenditure due to purchase of two pair of shoes. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a shoe, and more particularly to a lengthadjustable shoe, which can be adjusted in its length within a predetermined range to accommodate children's feet growing through various sizes, and particularly to accommodate a user with both feet having different sizes, thereby relieving an economic burden due to frequent purchasing of shoes. In general, a person puts shoes on both his or her feet before walking, so as to protect his or her naked feet from injury and to reduce impact directly transmitted to his or her feet's soles. Every user purchases shoes after selecting shoes in consideration of size, design and function of shoes. Usually,

5

This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

Patents 57

children and youngsters purchase shoes somewhat larger than actual sizes of their feet because of rapid growth of their feet. In case of shoes worn by the children and youngsters, the shoes must be discarded after use for a short period of time, for example one year or two years, because the shoes cannot accommodate the child's feet any more. That is, the shoes become useless due to growth of the child's feet before the soles of the shoes are completely worn. Amounts of discarded shoes gradually increase due to growth of population, and an enormous number of shoes cannot be reused, thereby wasting a considerable resources. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with hallux valgus, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on hallux valgus. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning hallux valgus. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON HALLUX VALGUS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to hallux valgus. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on hallux valgus include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:6 •

Foot weakness and correction for the physician; containing practical excerpts on the etiology and mechanical treatment of weak and flat-foot, weakened anterior arch,

6 In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

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metatarsalgia, hallux valgus and bunion, painful heel, contracted or hammer toes; with ca. Author: Scholl, William Mathias, 1882-1968; Year: 1925

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APPENDICES

63

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute7: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

7

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.8 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:9 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

8 Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 9 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway10

The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.11 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 1858 35 202 2 19 2116

HSTAT12 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.13 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.14 Simply search by “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 12 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 13 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 14 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 10 11

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists15 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.16 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.17 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 17 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 15

16

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on hallux valgus can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to hallux valgus. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to hallux valgus. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “hallux valgus”:

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Ankle Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html Cartilage Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cartilagedisorders.html Foot Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foothealth.html Foot Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/footinjuriesanddisorders.html Toe Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to hallux valgus. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Patient Resources

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Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to hallux valgus. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with hallux valgus. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about hallux valgus. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “hallux valgus” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “hallux valgus”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “hallux valgus” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “hallux valgus” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.18

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

18

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)19: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

19

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

79

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

81

HALLUX VALGUS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abductor: A muscle that draws a part away from the median line. [NIH] Acrylonitrile: A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber. [NIH] Adductor: A muscle that draws a part toward the median line. [NIH] Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. [NIH] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Ankle: That part of the lower limb directly above the foot. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arthroplasty: Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion. [NIH] Articular: Of or pertaining to a joint. [EU] Articulation: The relationship of two bodies by means of a moveable joint. [NIH] Biomechanics: The study of the application of mechanical laws and the action of forces to living structures. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Brace: Any form of splint or appliance used to support the limbs or trunk. [NIH] Bunion: A swelling of the bursa mucosa of the ball of the great toe, with thickening of the overlying skin and forcing of the toe outward. [NIH] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Palsy: Refers to a motor disability caused by a brain dysfunction. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the

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action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discrete: Made up of separate parts or characterized by lesions which do not become blended; not running together; separate. [NIH] Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Dorsum: A plate of bone which forms the posterior boundary of the sella turcica. [NIH] Elastic: Susceptible of resisting and recovering from stretching, compression or distortion applied by a force. [EU] Elasticity: Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape. [NIH] Emulsion: A preparation of one liquid distributed in small globules throughout the body of a second liquid. The dispersed liquid is the discontinuous phase, and the dispersion medium is the continuous phase. When oil is the dispersed liquid and an aqueous solution is the continuous phase, it is known as an oil-in-water emulsion, whereas when water or aqueous solution is the dispersed phase and oil or oleaginous substance is the continuous phase, it is known as a water-in-oil emulsion. Pharmaceutical emulsions for which official standards have been promulgated include cod liver oil emulsion, cod liver oil emulsion with malt, liquid petrolatum emulsion, and phenolphthalein in liquid petrolatum emulsion. [EU] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Dictionary 83

Extensor: A muscle whose contraction tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a flexor. [NIH]

Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Flexor: Muscles which flex a joint. [NIH] Foot Deformities: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot. [NIH] Forearm: The part between the elbow and the wrist. [NIH] Fovea: The central part of the macula that provides the sharpest vision. [NIH] Gait: Manner or style of walking. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Grading: A system for classifying cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they appear when examined under a microscope. The objective of a grading system is to provide information about the probable growth rate of the tumor and its tendency to spread. The systems used to grade tumors vary with each type of cancer. Grading plays a role in treatment decisions. [NIH]

Hallux Limitus: A bony proliferation and articular degeneration of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that is characterized by pain and a progressive decrease in the dorsiflexion range of motion. [NIH] Hallux Rigidus: A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis) of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited

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dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion. [NIH] Hammer: The largest of the three ossicles of the ear. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Joint Capsule: The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner synovial membrane. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lumbar: Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis. [EU] Medial: Lying near the midsaggital plane of the body; opposed to lateral. [NIH] Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Metatarsophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metatarsal bone and a phalanx. [NIH] Metatarsus: The part of the foot between the tarsa and the toes. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Mobility: Capability of movement, of being moved, or of flowing freely. [EU]

Dictionary 85

Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases. [NIH] Ossicles: The hammer, anvil and stirrup, the small bones of the middle ear, which transmit the vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. [NIH] Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. [NIH] Osteotomy: The surgical cutting of a bone. [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Phallic: Pertaining to the phallus, or penis. [EU] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preoperative: Preceding an operation. [EU]

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Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Pronation: Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm backward or downward or when applied to the foot, a combination of eversion and abduction movements in the tarsal and metatarsal joints, (turning the foot up and in toward the midline of the body). [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH] Radiological: Pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding medical radiology. [NIH] Radiology: A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Reliability: Used technically, in a statistical sense, of consistency of a test with itself, i. e. the extent to which we can assume that it will yield the same result if repeated a second time. [NIH]

Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records

Dictionary 87

and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Rheumatism: A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis, the cause of which is unknown, although infection, hypersensitivity, hormone imbalance and psychologic stress have been suggested as possible causes. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Rubber: A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (latex) of Hevea brasiliensis and other trees. It is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to atleast twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retractrapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully. Synthetic rubber is made from many different chemicals, including styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene, and isoprene. [NIH] Sagittal: The line of direction passing through the body from back to front, or any vertical plane parallel to the medial plane of the body and inclusive of that plane; often restricted to the medial plane, the plane of the sagittal suture. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Splint: A rigid appliance used for the immobilization of a part or for the correction of deformity. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Synovial: Of pertaining to, or secreting synovia. [EU] Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable

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joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid. [NIH] Tendon: A discrete band of connective tissue mainly composed of parallel bundles of collagenous fibers by which muscles are attached, or two muscles bellies joined. [NIH] Tenotomy: The cutting of a tendon. [NIH] Thorax: A part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; the chest. [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ulceration: 1. The formation or development of an ulcer. 2. An ulcer. [EU] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Watchful waiting: Closely monitoring a patient's condition but withholding treatment until symptoms appear or change. Also called observation. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH]

89

INDEX A Abductor, 22, 81 Acrylonitrile, 81, 87 Adductor, 5, 10, 15, 34, 37, 81 Aluminum, 55, 81 Anal, 81, 83 Anatomical, 6, 22, 28, 53, 81 Anomalies, 9, 81 Arterial, 81, 86 Arteries, 81, 82, 84 Arthroplasty, 4, 8, 13, 17, 24, 39, 81 Articular, 14, 20, 23, 45, 81, 83, 84, 85 Articulation, 81, 84 B Biomechanics, 9, 32, 35, 36, 81 Blood vessel, 81, 87, 88 Brace, 54, 81 Bunion, 16, 29, 33, 43, 51, 52, 54, 60, 81 C Carbon Dioxide, 81, 83 Case report, 6, 23, 37, 42, 45, 81 Cerebral, 31, 41, 81 Cerebral Palsy, 31, 41, 81 Cerebrum, 81 Chronic, 42, 81, 84 Clinical trial, 3, 65, 81, 86 Cofactor, 81, 86 Collapse, 21, 82 Computational Biology, 65, 82 Connective Tissue, 82, 87, 88 Contraindications, ii, 82 Coronary, 82, 84 Coronary Thrombosis, 82, 84 D Degenerative, 14, 82, 83, 85 Diagnostic procedure, 49, 82 Direct, iii, 52, 82, 86 Discrete, 82, 88 Distal, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 82 Dorsal, 17, 82, 85 Dorsum, 82 E Elastic, 55, 82 Elasticity, 53, 82 Emulsion, 82, 83 Environmental Health, 64, 66, 82 Extensor, 26, 83

Extremity, 36, 83 F Facial, 9, 83 Family Planning, 65, 83 Fat, 83, 87 Fixation, 12, 15, 17, 31, 33, 41, 44, 46, 83 Flexor, 37, 83 Foot Deformities, 55, 83 Forearm, 83, 86 Fovea, 83 G Gait, 18, 28, 83 Gene, 59, 83 Governing Board, 83, 85 Grade, 83 Grading, 42, 83 H Hallux Limitus, 5, 83 Hallux Rigidus, 7, 18, 26, 38, 39, 83 Hammer, 54, 55, 60, 84, 85 Hereditary, 51, 84 Heredity, 83, 84 Hormone, 84, 87 Hypersensitivity, 84, 87 I Incision, 5, 84 Infarction, 82, 84 Infection, 84, 87 Intermittent, 54, 55, 84 J Joint Capsule, 52, 84, 87 K Kb, 64, 84 L Ligament, 37, 45, 84 Localized, 83, 84, 85, 88 Lumbar, 36, 84 M Medial, 21, 27, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 84, 87 Medical Records, 84, 86 MEDLINE, 65, 84 Metatarsophalangeal Joint, 7, 14, 39, 45, 51, 52, 83, 84 Metatarsus, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 21, 23, 27, 28, 39, 53, 84 MI, 42, 79, 84 Migration, 52, 84 Mobility, 11, 17, 20, 27, 28, 84

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Modification, 5, 28, 85 Molecular, 65, 67, 82, 85, 87 Morphology, 4, 85 Mucosa, 81, 85 Myocardium, 84, 85 N Necrosis, 84, 85 Nitrogen, 83, 85 O Ophthalmology, 83, 85 Ossicles, 84, 85 Osteoarthritis, 83, 85 P Pathologic, 30, 82, 84, 85 Pelvis, 84, 85 Phallic, 83, 85 Pharmacologic, 85, 88 Plants, 81, 85, 88 Pneumonia, 82, 85 Posterior, 81, 82, 85 Postoperative, 13, 32, 85 Practice Guidelines, 66, 85 Preoperative, 19, 33, 85 Prevalence, 33, 52, 86 Progressive, 83, 85, 86 Projection, 53, 86 Pronation, 21, 35, 52, 86 Protein S, 59, 86 Psychiatry, 83, 86 Public Policy, 65, 86 R Race, 84, 86 Radiation, 86, 88 Radiography, 27, 86 Radiological, 11, 21, 86 Radiology, 21, 35, 41, 86 Randomized, 10, 22, 33, 40, 86 Recurrence, 33, 86 Refer, 1, 83, 86 Relapse, 54, 86 Reliability, 23, 37, 42, 86 Remission, 86 Resection, 8, 24, 86

Retrospective, 34, 44, 86 Retrospective study, 34, 44, 86 Rheumatism, 87 Rheumatoid, 7, 35, 36, 41, 87 Rheumatoid arthritis, 7, 36, 41, 87 Risk factor, 10, 87 Rubber, 55, 81, 87 S Sagittal, 11, 87 Screening, 81, 87 Shock, 51, 87 Signs and Symptoms, 86, 87 Skeletal, 21, 35, 39, 41, 53, 87 Skeleton, 87 Soft tissue, 6, 15, 16, 19, 22, 87 Specialist, 71, 87 Species, 84, 86, 87 Splint, 55, 81, 87 Stress, 55, 87 Styrene, 87 Symptomatic, 46, 87 Synovial, 84, 87 Synovial Membrane, 84, 87 T Tendon, 23, 41, 88 Tenotomy, 10, 34, 88 Thorax, 84, 88 Thrombosis, 45, 46, 86, 88 Tissue, 14, 20, 28, 36, 37, 45, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 Toxic, iv, 87, 88 Toxicology, 66, 88 Trees, 87, 88 U Ulcer, 88 Ulceration, 42, 88 V Venous, 45, 46, 86, 88 Veterinary Medicine, 65, 88 W Watchful waiting, 40, 88 X X-ray, 22, 86, 88

91

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Hallux Valgus

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