Latex Allergy - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

LATEX ALLERGY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J AMES...

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LATEX ALLERGY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Latex Allergy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84479-8 1. Latex Allergy-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on latex allergy. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON LATEX ALLERGY ....................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Latex Allergy................................................................................. 7 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND LATEX ALLERGY ............................................................................. 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 Finding Nutrition Studies on Latex Allergy ............................................................................... 53 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 54 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON LATEX ALLERGY........................................................................................ 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapters on Latex Allergy ........................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON LATEX ALLERGY .......................................................... 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 59 Academic Periodicals covering Latex Allergy.............................................................................. 61 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 65 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 67 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 71 Associations and Latex Allergy.................................................................................................... 75 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 76 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 79 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 79 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 79 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 79 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 79 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 85 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 85 LATEX ALLERGY DICTIONARY................................................................................................ 87 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 105

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with latex allergy is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about latex allergy, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to latex allergy, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on latex allergy. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to latex allergy, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on latex allergy. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON LATEX ALLERGY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on latex allergy.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and latex allergy, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Work-Related Asthma and Latex Allergy: Sorting Out the Types, Causes, and Consequences Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 105(7): 39-46. June 1999. Summary: Asthma, related to the workplace, is a growing problem, accounting for up to 15 percent of all case of asthma. More than 200 occupationally related agents have been implicated, and the list continues to expand. In the last few years, latex allergy has also been found to affect more and more patients and health care workers, causing cutaneous (skin) and respiratory symptoms as well as anaphylaxis. In this article, the authors review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of these work related problems. Topics include the types of asthma that might occur in the workplace, the common signs of immunology and irritant induced asthma, and the diagnostic approaches used for latex allergy and other types of occupational asthma. The author

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notes that diagnosis of occupational asthma needs to be proved as objectively as possible because of the medical, medicolegal, social, and financial consequences. Medical management is the same as for nonoccupational asthma, but cessation of exposure to the specific agent is necessary to improve long term prognosis. A diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis of occupational asthma is provided. 1 figure. 2 tables. 19 references. •

Rise in Latex Allergy: Implications for the Dentist Source: JADA. Journal of the American Dental Association. 125(8): 1089-1097. August 1994. Summary: This article discusses latex protein allergies and anaphylactic reactions and clarifies the risks of latex allergy through a review of the literature. The author notes that atopic individuals (those with an inherited tendency to develop allergies), those who have undergone many surgical procedures, and health care workers are at higher risk for latex protein allergy. Topics covered include latex allergy and natural rubber products, latex production, allergy development, identifying allergies, anaphylaxis and its symptoms, non-anaphylactic allergic reactions, preventing anaphylaxis, and treating anaphylaxis. One chart summarizes recommended substitutes for latex dental products. 1 figure. 4 tables. 55 references.

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Latex Allergy: A Review of Considerations for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 56(12): 1426-1430. December 1998. Contact: Available from W.B. Saunders Company. Periodicals Department, P.O. Box 628239, Orlando, FL 32862-8239. (800) 654-2452. Summary: This article discusses the clinical and immunologic features of latex allergy and describes preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients who present with this condition in the surgical or anesthesia setting. The authors note that it can be expected that many persons with latex allergy will present to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon for treatment. Topics include the chemistry of latex, three types of clinical reactions to latex products (irritant, delayed or type IV hypersensitivity, and immediate or type I hypersensitivity), risk groups, prevalence of latex allergy, sources of latex, the diagnosis of latex allergy, treatment of latex allergy (avoidance is the cornerstone of treatment), and guidelines for the management of persons with latex allergy. The authors conclude that recognition of the sources of sensitization, development of strategies to lower the allergenic content of latex products, development of better latex substitutes, and increasing public awareness about the issues are needed. 3 tables. 9 references.

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Latex Allergy: Implications for Oral Health Care Professionals Source: Journal of Dental Hygiene. 72(3): 25-32. Summer 1998. Summary: This article educates the dental hygienist about the seriousness of latex allergy and provides background information necessary to treat the patient with latex allergy. This background information includes basic immunology, hypersensitivity reactions, latex, and natural rubber latex. The authors discuss the symptoms of latex allergy, the different types of reactions, and methods of exposure. Symptoms can be immediate or delayed with sensitization occurring over a period of time. People are exposed to latex via mucosal, physical, and airborne contact. Early symptoms include erythema, rash, pruritis (itching), or similar skin problems. The authors present methods for achieving a minimal latex environment, along with information on how to treat the

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patient with latex allergy. They conclude that, because the number of latex allergic individuals increases daily, a thorough understanding of its diagnosis and implications is necessary for all oral health care workers. 4 tables. 47 references. •

Latex Allergy: A Primer for Diabetes Educators Source: Diabetes Educator. 25(4): 597-598, 600, 602-604. July-August 1999. Contact: Available from American Association of Diabetes Educators. 100 West Monroe Street, 4th Floor, Chicago, IL 60603-1901. (312) 424-2426. Summary: This article provides an overview of latex allergy. This type of allergy or sensitivity has been identified as a health care epidemic for the 1990s. Diabetes educators need to assess their clients for latex allergy or sensitivity and be prepared to educate them about this allergy. Populations at the highest risk for a latex allergy include children who have spina bifida, health care workers, and persons who have had multiple surgeries. Latex is a complex protein byproduct of the rubber tree, so it is capable of causing immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic reactions. There are various types of reactions associated with rubber products, including irritant or contact dermatitis, type IV hypersensitivity, and type I hypersensitivity. Irritant or contact dermatitis is not an allergy to latex but may be caused by a chemical or powder irritant. Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated allergic reaction to the chemicals used during the processing of the latex rather than to the latex itself. This reaction primarily involves T cells. Type I hypersensitivity is an IgE-mediated immediate response to rubber proteins or polypeptides. The primary cause of a latex reaction is powdered latex gloves. The most important step in diagnosing a latex allergy is obtaining a complete medical history and performing a physical examination. A positive skin prick test is an indicator of a latex allergy, and a positive radioallergosorbent test is proof of latex allergy. People who have diabetes are among the 6 percent of the general population at risk for latex allergy or sensitivity because they use health services more frequently than people who do not have diabetes. The article presents a case study involving a female type 2 diabetes patient who exhibited symptoms of a latex allergy. 3 tables. 14 references.

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Dental Management of Children with Latex Allergy Source: International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry. 11(5): 322-326. September 2001. Contact: Available from Blackwell Science Ltd. Journal Subscriptions, P.O. Box 88, Oxford OX2 0NE, United Kingdom. 44 1865 206180. Fax 44 1865 206219. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: This article reviews the etiology (cause), epidemiology (prevalence and incidence), and dental management of children with latex allergy. The issue of latex allergy has serious consequences for the dental management of children with one or more of the following risk factors: spina bifida, atopy, first surgery before one year of age, history of multiple surgical procedures, congenital urologic abnormalities, gastrointestinal malformations, hydrocephalus internus, ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, spinal cord injuries, and family history of atopy. Management of latex allergy is based upon the diligent avoidance of latex exposure. The author offers detailed suggestions for practical, every day dental management of latex-sensitive patients. The author concludes by recommended universal use of powder-free, low-allergen latex gloves. 1 table. 35 references.

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Latex Allergy: Everyone's Concern Source: Journal of the Michigan Dental Association. 80(5): 30-42. June 1998. Contact: Available from Michigan Dental Association. 230 North Washington Square, Suite 208, Lansing, MI 48933-1392. (517) 372-9070. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: This article reviews the problem of latex allergy, particularly in the health care setting. The author emphasizes that all health care professionals need to know about latex allergy, the potential hazards it poses, and how to manage it effectively if encountered. The article begins with a series of questions to elicit information from the patient about potential latex allergy; the author notes that merely asking if the person is allergy to latex is not sufficient. The author then briefly considers the many theories that have been posed to explain the increasing prevalence of latex allergies. The main theory states that the cause is increased exposure to latex gloves, due to the increased demand for personal protection in response to the AIDS crisis. Other topics include the types of latex reactions, including irritant contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity, and immediate hypersensitivity; risk factors; latex allergens and diagnosis; how to treat the latex allergic patients; consumer products that often contain latex; items used in dentistry that may contain latex; treating the latex-allergic dental worker; proper hand care; glove selection; and potential legislation, Federal guidelines, and research in this area. One chart summarizes reactions to natural rubber latex, including the cause, intervention strategies, percentage of population affected (prevalence), time to onset of symptoms, potential for respiratory involvement, facial involvement, systemic involvement, and recommended action. 3 tables. 34 references.

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Latex Allergy: What You Need to Know Source: RN. 62(9): 40-42, 45. September 1999. Contact: Available from RN. P.O. Box 57140, Boulder, CO 80328-7140. (800) 284-8945. Website: www.rnweb.com. Summary: This article, from a professional journal for nurses, reviews the issue of latex allergy. The author stresses that nurses can minimize the risks associated with latex allergy by knowing who is at risk, how latex allergy is diagnosed, and how to reduce the amount of latex in the workplace. Topics include latex allergy compared to other types of reactions, including irritant contact dermatitis (non immune), chemical sensitivity dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity), and latex allergy (immediate hypersensitivity); the use of skin and blood tests to confirm a diagnosis; managing latex allergy in patients; and how nurses can protect themselves from latex exposure. The author concludes that the prevalence of latex allergy is not as great as first thought, but that latex allergy can still cause significant problems in the health care setting. One side bar compares latex gloves to vinyl gloves. 1 figure. 15 references.

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Latex Allergy Test Cleared for Marketing Source: Medical Devices Bulletin. 13(3): 3-4. March-June 1995. Contact: Available from Center for Radiological Devices and Radiological Health. FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. (301) 443-6119. Summary: This newsletter article describes recent FDA action on the first test to measure latex antibodies in blood. The test, which was cleared for marketing, can be used to help identify individuals who are allergic to latex. Topics covered include problems caused by latex allergy; how the new test, the AlaSTAT Latex-Specific IgE Allergen Test Kit

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(Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles), can help to diagnose latex sensitivity; the research data upon which the FDA decision was based; and the prevalence of latex allergy.

Federally Funded Research on Latex Allergy The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to latex allergy. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to latex allergy. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore latex allergy. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for latex allergy: •

Project Title: IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR LATEX RUBBER ALLERGY Principal Investigator & Institution: Adkinson, N Franklin.; Professor of Medicine; Medicine; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-SEP-1998; Project End 30-NOV-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Allergic sensitivity to natural rubber latex has become a major occupational hazard of healthcare workers and some patients with frequent latex rubber exposures. Between 2.2 and 10.7% of healthcare workers and up to 50% of children with spina bifida are at risk for systemic reactions to rubber products, mainly latex gloves. Since complete avoidance is difficult in most medical environments, latex allergy can necessitate involuntary career changes with substantial economic and emotional consequences. Using a latex allergen extract now under FDA review as a proposed diagnostic reagent, this project will continue development of a natural exposure model of respiratory latex allergy in clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for IgE-dependent latex allergy. The specific aims are: (1) to complete a Phase I clinical trial of immunotherapy with a candidate extract of nonammoniated latex. This study is currently in progress with three of six latex-allergic healthcare workers enrolled. Safety, IgG and IgE antibody responses) and evidence of desensitization (skin test titrations) are being studied. (2) to determine in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial the safety and clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with l disabling occupational allergy to latex proteins. Subjects will be health professionals with clinically significant respiratory or anaphylactic reactions to latex and documented failure of attempts at avoidance. The primary endpoint will be sensitivity to latex as determined by the hooded chamber graded exposure technique. Secondary endpoints for the clinical trial will include immunologic changes (IgG and IgE fluxes),

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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skin test sensitivity, adverse reaction rates, and where possible assessment of workrelated symptoms. In parallel we propose (3) to prospectively evaluate cohorts of new nursing students and children with spina bifida in order to determine the initial prevalence rates, the rate of new sensitization over a five-year period, and the risk factors related to the development of sensitivity. Enrolled cohorts will be followed annually to assess latex exposure, clinical reactivity, and skin test reactivity. The purpose is to evaluate clinical effectiveness of latex avoidance policies currently in use. The long-term objective of this research plan is to develop a useful therapeutic alternative for latex sensitive healthcare workers and selected patients who have failed avoidance, and to document prospectively the effectiveness of current latex containment policies on the incidence of new sensitization. Potential benefits of successful immunotherapy include a reduction in professional disability, prevention of chronic disease, expanded occupational choices and increased work productivity for those affected. Knowledge of the effectiveness of containment practices will help shape future occupational health polices. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: SURVEILLANCE METHODS FOR HEALTH CARE AND RELATED WORKERS Principal Investigator & Institution: Dement, John M.; Associate Professor; Community and Family Medicine; Duke University Durham, Nc 27706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 30-SEP-2001; Project End 29-SEP-2005 Summary: NIOSH has identified health care workers (HCW) as a special population at high risk of occupational disease and injury. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that there are over eight million workers employed in US health care industries. Health care workers are involved in very diverse functions and duties that may expose them to many hazards such as toxic chemicals, infectious agents (e.g., blood borne and body substance exposures to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites), latex, ergonomic hazards, workplace violence, work related stress, and physical agents. Relatively little injury and disease surveillance data exists for health care workers. The major objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive system for health, injury, and hazard surveillance of health care workers. This will be accomplished through the combination of population-based and case-based data. A job-exposure matrix will be developed for hazard surveillance and for estimation of individual exposures through linkage with each worker's job history. The surveillance system will use analytical tools for cohort data to study the incidence and causes of work related injuries and health conditions, the identification of high risk populations, and appropriate prevention measures. These data will be supplemented by the use of case-based data, allowing more detailed followup of a group of 'sentinel health events' of concern for health care workers. Specific conditions to be addressed by case-based surveillance will include patient lifting and handling injuries, other noninfectious occupational injuries, latex allergy, occupational asthma, and work-related stress. The system will be implemented for 5 years of surveillance of a cohort of over 10,000 health care workers employed by Duke University Health systems (DUHS), which includes Duke University Medical Center, a large teaching hospital, and Durham Regional Hospital, a community based hospital. Other components of DUHS include 20 clinics located in 8 N.C. counties, triangle Hospice, and the Duke Infusion Center. While we will evaluate the utility of the system in this setting, the goal of the project is to define elements and performance characteristics of a model surveillance system which could be used in other health care

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institutions. Results of the case-based surveillance effort also will have broad application to health care workers. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with latex allergy, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for latex allergy (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A case of possible latex allergy. Author(s): Neiburger EJ. Source: J Clin Orthod. 1991 September; 25(9): 559-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1816265

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A comparative analysis of latex allergy in the healthy versus high-risk pediatric population. Author(s): Faust K, Shrewsbury C, Zaglaniczny K, Jarrett M. Source: Aana Journal. 1999 October; 67(5): 461-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10876437

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A criterion-referenced measure of latex allergy knowledge. Author(s): Kleinbeck SV, English NL, Sherley MA, Howes J. Source: Aorn Journal. 1998 September; 68(3): 384-5, 388-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9752568

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A history of latex allergy. Author(s): Ownby DR. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 August; 110(2 Suppl): S27-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170240

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A hospital-based screening program for natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Bollinger ME, Mudd K, Keible LA, Hess BL, Bascom R, Hamilton RG. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 June; 88(6): 560-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12086362

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A latex allergy. Author(s): Smith A. Source: Nurs Times. 1999 February 10-16; 95(6): 47. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10095633

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A medical-center-wide, multidisciplinary approach to the problem of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Hunt LW, Boone-Orke JL, Fransway AF, Fremstad CE, Jones RT, Swanson MC, McEvoy MT, Miller LK, Majerus ET, Luker PA, Scheppmann DL, Webb MJ, Yunginger JW. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1996 August; 38(8): 765-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8863201

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A National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Alert sent to hospitals and the intentions of hospital decision makers to advocate for latex allergy control measures. Author(s): Maxfield A, Lewis J, Lachenmayr S, Tisdale J, Lum M. Source: Health Education Research. 2000 August; 15(4): 463-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11066463

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A national survey of the provision for patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Yuill GM, Saroya D, Yuill SL. Source: Anaesthesia. 2003 August; 58(8): 775-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12859469

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A new dipstick test (Allergodip) for in vitro diagnosis of latex allergy--validation in patients with spina bifida. Author(s): Niggemann B, Wahn U. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2000 February; 11(1): 56-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10768736

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A review of current literature on epidemiology of immediate glove irritation and latex allergy. Author(s): Kujala V. Source: Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 1999 January; 49(1): 3-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10451581

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A review of natural-rubber latex allergy in health care workers. Author(s): Ranta PM, Ownby DR. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2004 January 15; 38(2): 252-6. Epub 2003 December 19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14699458

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A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of latex peptides reacting with IgE and IgG antibodies from patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Kurup VP, Alenius H, Kelly KJ, Castillo L, Fink JN. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1996 January; 109(1): 58-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8527952

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Accommodating latex allergy concerns in surgical settings. Author(s): Yip ES. Source: Aorn Journal. 2003 October; 78(4): 595-8, 601-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14575184

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American Academy of Dermatology's position paper on latex allergy. Author(s): Cohen DE, Scheman A, Stewart L, Taylor J, Pratt M, Trotter K, Prawer S, Warshaw E, Rietschel R, Watsky K, Schwarzenberger K, Zug K, Shama S, Godwin L, Kosann MK, Wilson BA. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1998 July; 39(1): 98-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9674402

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American Nurses Association. Position statement on latex allergy. Author(s): American Nurses Association. Source: Okla Nurse. 1997 October-December; 42(4): 32-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12025581

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An alternative to the Penrose drain in children at risk for latex allergy. Author(s): Vates TS, Freedman AL, Smith CA. Source: Urology. 1997 March; 49(3): 454-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9123715

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An analysis of the epidemiology of latex allergy: implications for primary prevention. Author(s): Becker HS. Source: Medsurg Nursing : Official Journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses. 2000 June; 9(3): 135-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11033703

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An evaluation of the risk for latex allergy in prehospital EMS providers. Author(s): Vilke GM, Fisher R, Chan TC. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2002 May; 22(4): 345-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12113842

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An overview of latex allergy and its implications for emergency nurses. Author(s): Bernstein M. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1996 February; 22(1): 29-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8699654

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An unusual presentation of latex allergy. Author(s): Opsomer O, Van Boven M, Pendeville P, Veyckemans F. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 1993 October; 40(10): 1000. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8222019

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ANA spearheads latex allergy movement. Author(s): Wilburn S. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 1998 March; 98(3): 58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9536184

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Anaesthesia and the patient with latex allergy. Author(s): McKinstry LJ, Fenton WJ, Barrett P. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 1992 July; 39(6): 587-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1643682

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Anaphylactic shock after game of squash in atopic woman with latex allergy. Author(s): Beuers U, Baur X, Schraudolph M, Richter WO. Source: Lancet. 1990 May 5; 335(8697): 1095. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1970390

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Anaphylactic shock from a latex allergy in a patient with spinal trauma. Author(s): Pryor JP, Vonfricken K, Seibel R, Kauder DR, Schwab CW. Source: The Journal of Trauma. 2001 May; 50(5): 927-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11371854

Studies

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Anaphylaxis associated with latex allergy during barium enema examinations. Author(s): Ownby DR, Tomlanovich M, Sammons N, McCullough J. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1991 May; 156(5): 903-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2017949

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Anaphylaxis due to latex allergy. Author(s): Oei HD, Tjiook SB, Chang KC. Source: Allergy Proc. 1992 May-June; 13(3): 121-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1505752

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Anaphylaxis to carrageenan: a pseudo-latex allergy. Author(s): Tarlo SM, Dolovich J, Listgarten C. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 May; 95(5 Pt 1): 933-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7751512

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Another latex allergy. Author(s): Harding L, White JB. Source: Anaesthesia. 1994 October; 49(10): 926. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7802216

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Apparent latex allergy provoked by fear. Author(s): Longley AJ, Fiset L, Getz T, Van Arsdel PP. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1994 September; 94(3 Pt 1): 561. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8083463

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Are nurses knowledgeable in regards to latex allergy? Author(s): Lewis LC, Norgan G, Reilly M. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998 October; 7(4): 239-53. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9866628

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Assessing latex allergy among health care employees using workers' compensation data. Author(s): Horwitz IB, Kammeyer-Mueller JD, McCall BP. Source: Minn Med. 2001 March; 84(3): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11269840

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Assessment of latex allergy in a healthcare population: are the available tests valid? Author(s): Pridgeon C, Wild G, Ashworth F, Egner W, Ward AM. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 October; 30(10): 1444-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10998022

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Asthma and latex allergy. Author(s): Blazys D. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 2000 December; 26(6): 583-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11106458

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Atopy and latex allergy in spina bifida: what's chicken, what's egg? Author(s): Niggemann B. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 1997 February; 8(1): 51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9260220

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Avoiding latex allergy. Author(s): Johnson G. Source: Nursing Standard : Official Newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing. 1999 February 10-16; 13(21): 49-54; Quiz 55-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10095590

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Banana hair conditioner and natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Smith HR, Wakelin SH, White IR. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1998 October; 39(4): 202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9817234

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Barrier protection and latex allergy associated with surgical gloves. Author(s): Korniewicz DM, Kelly KJ. Source: Aorn Journal. 1995 June; 61(6): 1037-40, 1043-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7632047

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Beta-thalassemic patients are not at risk for latex allergy. Author(s): Novembre E, Cianferoni A, Capra L, Rossi ME, Bernardini R, Marcucci F, Pucci N, Vierucci A. Source: Allergy. 2002 September; 57(9): 865-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12169194

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Bilateral intraoperative atelectasis in a child with latex allergy. Author(s): Gebhard R, Pivalizza EG, Nasri S, Chelly JE. Source: Anesthesiology. 2000 October; 93(4): 1147-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11020775

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Case presentation: latex allergy. Author(s): Quon D, Krolls SO, McGinnis JP Jr. Source: Miss Dent Assoc J. 1992 Winter; 48(4): 12-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9569834

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Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against latex protein associated with latex allergy. Author(s): Kurup VP, Kumar A, Kelly KJ, Fink JN. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1993 November; 92(5): 638-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8227854

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Characterization of T cell responses to Hev b 3, an allergen associated with latex allergy in spina bifida patients. Author(s): Bohle B, Wagner B, Vollmann U, Buck D, Niggemann B, Szepfalusi Z, Fischer G, Scheiner O, Breiteneder H, Ebner C. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2000 April 15; 164(8): 4393-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10754340

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Children at risk: latex allergy and spina bifida. Author(s): Leger RR, Meeropol E. Source: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 1992 December; 7(6): 371-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1291672

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Clinical and laboratory-based methods in the diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Hamilton RG, Peterson EL, Ownby DR. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 August; 110(2 Suppl): S47-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170243

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Clinical and occupational outcomes in health care workers with natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Bernstein DI, Karnani R, Biagini RE, Bernstein CK, Murphy K, Berendts B, Bernstein JA, Bernstein L. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 February; 90(2): 209-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12602668

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Clinical assessment of latex allergy among hospital health care providers. Author(s): DuBuske L, Babahkin A, Cieslewicz G, Nolte H, Sheffer AL. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1999 February-April; 118(24): 253-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10224401

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Clinical management of latex allergy. Author(s): Bey D, Browne B. Source: Nutr Clin Pract. 1997 April; 12(2): 68-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9155404

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Clinical risk: identifying latex allergy in adults with spina bifida. Author(s): Wright LE, Alderson JD, Ash D, Short JA. Source: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery. [et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie. 2001 December; 11 Suppl 1: S47-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11848050

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Cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant Hev b 3, a Hevea brasiliensis protein associated with latex allergy in patients with spina bifida. Author(s): Wagner B, Krebitz M, Buck D, Niggemann B, Yeang HY, Han KH, Scheiner O, Breiteneder H. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 November; 104(5): 108492. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10550757

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Comparing the enzyme allergosorbens and coated allergen particle tests for latex allergy: which in vitro test should be chosen by an anesthesiologist? Author(s): Konrad C, Fieber T, Schupfer G, Gerber H, Mullner G. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1998 December; 87(6): 1389-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9842834

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Comparison of ammoniated and nonammoniated extracts in children with latex allergy. Author(s): La Grutta S, Mistrello G, Varin E, Pajno GB, Passalacqua G. Source: Allergy. 2003 August; 58(8): 814-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12859564

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Comparison of questionnaire-based and serological screening for natural latex allergy in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Author(s): Zoller G, Thermann F, Conrad S, Fuchs T, Ringert RH. Source: European Urology. 1998; 34(1): 79-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9676419

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Comparison of skin prick test and specific IgE determination for the diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Niggemann B. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 January; 29(1): 133-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10051712

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Comparison of skin-prick test and specific serum IgE determination for the diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Blanco C, Carrillo T, Ortega N, Alvarez M, Dominguez C, Castillo R. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 August; 28(8): 971-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9756201

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Comprehensive analysis of 28 patients with latex allergy and prevalence of latex sensitization among hospital personnel. Author(s): Mitsuya K, Iseki H, Masaki T, Hamakawa M, Okamoto H, Horio T. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 2001 August; 28(8): 405-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11560156

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Cross-reactivity of food allergens in latex allergy. Author(s): Kurup VP, Kelly T, Elms N, Kelly K, Fink J. Source: Allergy Proc. 1994 July-August; 15(4): 211-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7806079

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Cure of latex allergy by bone marrow transplantation. Author(s): Wahn V, Laws HJ, Bode CP, Burdach SE. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1999 January; 158(1): 88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9950322

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Current perspectives on latex allergy. Author(s): Landwehr LP, Boguniewicz M. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1996 March; 128(3): 305-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8774495

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Delayed diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Kasinath NS, Alhaddad S, Steckner K, Tetzlaff J. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 2003 February; 50(2): 199-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12560316

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Delayed-type natural rubber latex allergy not accompanied by immediate-type. Author(s): Sugiura M, Hayakawa R, Kato Y, Sugiura K, Hashimoto R, Ogawa H. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 2000 December; 43(6): 370-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11140398

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Dental management of children with latex allergy. Author(s): Nainar SM. Source: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children. 2001 September; 11(5): 3226. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11572261

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Dental surgeons with natural rubber latex allergy: a report of 20 cases. Author(s): Field EA. Source: Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 1999 February; 49(2): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10436562

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Dental surgery in pediatric patients with spina bifida and latex allergy. Author(s): Hudson ME. Source: Aorn Journal. 2001 July; 74(1): 57-63, 65-6, 69-70 Passim; Quiz 73-8. Review. Erratum In: Aorn J 2002 February; 75(2): 267. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11460784

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Detection of IgG4 and IgE antibodies to rubber proteins by immunoblotting in latex allergy. Author(s): Alenius H, Reunala T, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T. Source: Allergy Proc. 1992 March-April; 13(2): 75-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1587468

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Determination of independent risk factors and comparative analysis of diagnostic methods for immediate type latex allergy in spina bifida patients. Author(s): De Swert LF, Van Laer KM, Verpoorten CM, Van Hoeyveld EM, Cadot P, Stevens EA. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 September; 27(9): 1067-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9678839

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Development of latex allergy in children up to 5 years of age--a retrospective analysis of risk factors. Author(s): Niggemann B, Kulig M, Bergmann R, Wahn U. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 1998 February; 9(1): 36-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9560841

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Development of latex allergy in children up to 5 years--a retrospective analysis of risk factors. Author(s): Worth J. Source: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 1999 February; 10(1): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10410921

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Diagnosis and management of latex allergy in surgical patients. Author(s): Kerner MM, Newman A. Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology. 1993 November-December; 14(6): 440-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8285316

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Diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Turjanmaa K. Source: Allergy. 2001 September; 56(9): 810-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11551245

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Diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Lundberg M, Wrangsjo K, van Hage-Hamsten M. Source: Allergy. 1997 October; 52(10): 1042-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9360763

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Diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Hamburger RN. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1996 March; 76(3): 296. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8634888

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Diagnosis of latex allergy: comparison of histamine release and flow cytometric analysis of basophil activation. Author(s): Sainte-Laudy J, Vallon C, Guerin JC. Source: Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society. [et Al.]. 1996 March; 45 Suppl 1: S35-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8696920

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Diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Hamilton RG. Source: Methods (San Diego, Calif.). 2002 May; 27(1): 22-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12079414

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Diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy: multicenter latex skin testing efficacy study. Multicenter Latex Skin Testing Study Task Force. Author(s): Hamilton RG, Adkinson NF Jr. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 September; 102(3): 48290. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9768592

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Diagnostic evaluation of type I latex allergy. Author(s): Kim KT, Safadi GS, Sheikh KM. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1998 January; 80(1): 66-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9475570

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Diagnostic skin testing for natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Yunginger JW. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 September; 102(3): 351-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9768572

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Differential latex allergy prevalence in anesthesiology subspecialties. Author(s): Greenberg RS, Hamilton RG, Brown RH. Source: Anesthesiology. 1999 April; 90(4): 1238. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10201712

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Dissecting room problem: prevalence of latex allergy among medical students. Author(s): Stone M, Ellis H. Source: Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 1998; 11(3): 191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9579592

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Do pacifiers cause latex allergy? Author(s): Venuta A, Bertolani P, Pepe P, Francomano M, Piovano P, Ferrari P. Source: Allergy. 1999 September; 54(9): 1007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10505469

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Double use tests for latex allergy. Author(s): Tanglertsampan C, Patrakarn S, Vassansiri E. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1997 June; 36(6): 311-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9237017

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Early surgery of the intestinal tract in infants--a possible risk factor for subsequent latex allergy? Author(s): Bode CP, Wahn V. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1996 May; 155(5): 422. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8741045

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Effect of omalizumab in health care workers with occupational latex allergy. Author(s): Leynadier F, Doudou O, Gaouar H, Le Gros V, Bourdeix I, Guyomarch-Cocco L, Trunet P. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004 February; 113(2): 360-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14767458

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Effects of a preventive message in the organizational context: occupational latex allergy in hospitals. Author(s): Maxfield AM, Lewis MJ, Tisdale JA, Lachenmayr S, Lum M. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1999 September; Suppl 1: 125-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10519809

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ELASTIC and ALERT: help for nurses and others with latex allergies, help for those who work with latex. Education for Latex Allergy/Support Team and Information Coalition. Allergy to Latex Education and Resource Team. Author(s): Jezierski M. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 April; 23(2): 43A-45A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9216304

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Elevated serum tryptase level in a case of intraoperative anaphylaxis caused by latex allergy. Author(s): Volcheck GW, Li JT. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1994 October 10; 154(19): 2243-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7944846

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Endotoxin: a role in latex allergy? Author(s): Charous BL, Beezhold DH, Adler WH, Hamilton RG. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1997 October; 79(4): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9357370

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Environmental and clinical study of latex allergy in a textile factory. Author(s): Pisati G, Baruffini A, Bernabeo F, Falagiani P. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 March; 101(3): 327-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9525447

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Evaluation and risk factors of latex allergy in spina bifida patients: is it preventable? Author(s): Ellsworth PI, Merguerian PA, Klein RB, Rozycki AA. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1993 August; 150(2 Pt 2): 691-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8326624

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Evaluation of a dipstick test (Allergodip-Latex) for in vitro diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Kutting B, Weber B, Brehler R. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2001 November; 126(3): 22630. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11752880

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Evaluation of latex allergy in patients with meningomyelocele. Author(s): Yassin MS, Sanyurah S, Lierl MB, Fischer TJ, Oppenheimer S, Cross J, O'Brien K, Steinmetz C, Khoury J. Source: Ann Allergy. 1992 September; 69(3): 207-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1524276

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Evaluation of the need for routine preoperative latex allergy tests in children. Author(s): Sapan N, Nacarkucuk E, Canitez Y, Saglam H. Source: Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2002 April; 44(2): 157-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11896874

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Factors that influence the presence of symptoms caused by latex allergy in children with spina bifida. Author(s): Mazon A, Nieto A, Estornell F, Nieto A, Reig C, Garcia-Ibarra F. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 May; 99(5): 600-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9155824

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Fatal latex allergy. Author(s): Pumphrey RS, Duddridge M, Norton J. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001 March; 107(3): 558. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11240964

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Fear can mimic latex allergy in patients with dental phobia. Author(s): Longley AJ, Fiset L, Getz T, Van Arsdel PP, Weinstein P. Source: Gen Dent. 1994 May-June; 42(3): 236-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7835656

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Flow-cytometric cellular allergen stimulation test in latex allergy. Author(s): Sanz ML, Gamboa PM, Garcia-Aviles C, Vila L, Dieguez I, Antepara I, de Weck AL. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2003 January; 130(1): 33-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12576733

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Frequency of natural rubber latex allergy in adults is increased after multiple operative procedures. Author(s): Rueff F, Kienitz A, Schopf P, Hartl WH, Andress HJ, Zaak D, Menninger M, Przybilla B. Source: Allergy. 2001 September; 56(9): 889-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11551255

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Glove powder and latex allergy. Author(s): Chapman D. Source: Br J Theatre Nurs. 1996 April; 6(1): 34. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8704339

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Glove powder--a risk factor for the development of latex allergy? Author(s): Brehler R, Kolling R, Webb M, Wastell C. Source: Eur J Surg Suppl. 1997; (579): 23-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9195179

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Glove-related hand urticaria in the absence of Type I latex allergy. Author(s): Armstrong DK, Smith HR, Rycroft RJ. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1999 July; 41(1): 42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10416709

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Glove-related skin symptoms among operating theatre and dental care unit personnel (II). Clinical examination, tests and laboratory findings indicating latex allergy. Author(s): Wrangsjo K, Osterman K, van Hage-Hamsten M. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1994 March; 30(3): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8187512

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Gutta-percha allergy in a health care worker with latex allergy. Author(s): Boxer MB, Grammer LC, Orfan N. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1994 May; 93(5): 943-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8182237

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Hair glue anaphylaxis: a hidden latex allergy. Author(s): Cogen FC, Beezhold DH. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 January; 88(1): 61-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11814280

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Health care worker disability due to latex allergy and asthma: a cost analysis. Author(s): Phillips VL, Goodrich MA, Sullivan TJ. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1999 July; 89(7): 1024-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10394310

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Health-care workers and latex allergy. Author(s): Zak HN, Kaste LM, Schwarzenberger K, Barry MJ, Galbraith GM. Source: Archives of Environmental Health. 2000 September-October; 55(5): 336-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11063409

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Heighten your response to latex allergy. Author(s): Engelken GJ. Source: Jaapa. 1999 August; 12(8): 53-6, 59-62, 65. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10728093

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Held hostage. Breaking free from latex allergy. Author(s): Peters S. Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 1999 June; 7(6): 53-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10624182

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Hev b 7 is a Hevea brasiliensis protein associated with latex allergy in children with spina bifida. Author(s): Wagner B, Buck D, Hafner C, Sowka S, Niggemann B, Scheiner O, Breiteneder H. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2001 October; 108(4): 621-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11590391

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Historical development of latex allergy. Author(s): Dyck RJ. Source: Aorn Journal. 2000 July; 72(1): 27-9, 32-3, 35-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10992969

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HLA-DQ8 and the HLA-DQ8-DR4 haplotype are positively associated with the hevein-specific IgE immune response in health care workers with latex allergy. Author(s): Rihs HP, Chen Z, Rueff F, Cremer R, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Baur X, MoneretVautrin DA, Bruning T. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 September; 110(3): 50714. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12209103

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How a latex allergy has affected my life. Author(s): Hodge P. Source: Maine Nurse. 1995 March; : 6-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7637399

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How common is latex allergy? A survey of children with myelodysplasia. Author(s): Pearson ML, Cole JS, Jarvis WR. Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1994 January; 36(1): 64-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8132116

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How do you diagnose latex allergy? Author(s): Apter A, Lushniak B, Warshaw E, Whitmore SE. Source: American Journal of Contact Dermatitis : Official Journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. 1999 September; 10(3): 177-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10444113

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Identification of hevein (Hev b 6.02) in Hevea latex as a major cross-reacting allergen with avocado fruit in patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Chen Z, Posch A, Cremer R, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Baur X. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 September; 102(3): 47681. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9768591

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IgE antibodies to prohevein, hevein, and rubber elongation factor in children with latex allergy. Author(s): Ylitalo L, Alenius H, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Reunala T. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998 October; 102(4 Pt 1): 65964. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9802376

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IgE immune response to rubber proteins in adult patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Alenius H, Turjanmaa K, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Reunala T, Palosuo T. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1994 May; 93(5): 859-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8182228

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IGE-mediated natural rubber latex allergy: an update. Author(s): Ebo DG, Stevens WJ. Source: Acta Clin Belg. 2002 March-April; 57(2): 58-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12152240

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IgE-mediated natural rubber latex allergy: practical considerations for health care workers. Author(s): Ebo DG, Stevens WJ. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2002 June; 88(6): 568-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12086363

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Impact of repeated surgical procedures on the incidence and prevalence of latex allergy: a prospective study of 1263 children. Author(s): Hourihane JO, Allard JM, Wade AM, McEwan AI, Strobel S. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 2002 April; 140(4): 479-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12006967

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In vivo and vitro in diagnosis of latex allergy at Groote Schuur Hospital. Author(s): Marais GI, Fletcher JM, Potter PC. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1997 August; 87(8): 1004-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9323409

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Incidence of latex allergy in atopic children and hospital workers in Japan. Author(s): Akasawa A, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Sakaguchi N, Tanaka K, Obata T, Tsubaki T, Uchiyama H, Matsunaga T, Kurosaka K, et al. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1993; 101(2): 177-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8508054

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Incidence of latex allergy in atopic children in Japan. Author(s): Akasawa A, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Sakaguchi N, Tanaka K, Obata T, Tsubaki T, Iikura Y. Source: Arerugi = [allergy]. 1993 April; 42(4): 582-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8323456

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Insulin-injection-site reactions associated with type I latex allergy. Author(s): Roest MA, Shaw S, Orton DI. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 January 16; 348(3): 265-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12529475

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Internet resources about latex allergy. Author(s): Drake C. Source: Aorn Journal. 2000 July; 72(1): 107-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10992976

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Intraoperative cardiovascular collapse secondary to latex allergy. Author(s): Nguyen DH, Burns MW, Shapiro GG, Mayo ME, Murrey M, Mitchell ME. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1991 August; 146(2 ( Pt 2)): 571-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1861302

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Investigations into the cellular immune responses in latex allergy. Author(s): Murali PS, Kelly KJ, Fink JN, Kurup VP. Source: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1994 November; 124(5): 638-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7964121

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Is systematic preoperative screening for muscle relaxant and latex allergy advisable? Author(s): Porri F, Pradal M, Rud C, Charpin D, Alazia M, Gouin F, Vervloet D. Source: Allergy. 1995 April; 50(4): 374-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7573824

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Is there a role for immunoblots in the diagnosis of latex allergy? Intermethod comparison of in vitro and in vivo IgE assays in spina bifida patients. Author(s): Gruber C, Buck D, Wahn U, Niggemann B. Source: Allergy. 2000 May; 55(5): 476-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10843429

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Latex allergy & dermatitis. Author(s): Corbin DE. Source: Occup Health Saf. 2002 January; 71(1): 36, 38, 89. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11842511

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Latex allergy and food handlers. Author(s): Nixon RL, Lee AY. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 2001 May 7; 174(9): 482. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11386601

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Latex allergy and the healthcare worker. Author(s): Wai DM. Source: Gastroenterology Nursing : the Official Journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. 2000 September-October; 23(5): 226-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11854963

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Latex allergy at Groote Schuur Hospital--prevalence, clinical features and outcome. Author(s): Potter PC, Crombie I, Marian A, Kosheva O, Maqula B, Schinkel M. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2001 September; 91(9): 760-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11680326

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Latex allergy awareness among hospital staff. Author(s): Wright L, Spickett G, Stoker S. Source: Nurs Times. 2001 September 20-26; 97(38): 49-52. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11935858

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Latex allergy awareness and protocol. Author(s): Rhodes A. Source: Br J Perioper Nurs. 2000 March; 10(3): 157-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11075042

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Latex allergy desensitization by exposure protocol: five case reports. Author(s): Patriarca G, Nucera E, Buonomo A, Del Ninno M, Roncallo C, Pollastrini E, De Pasquale T, Milani A, Schiavino D. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2002 March; 94(3): 754-8; Table of Contents. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11867411

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Latex allergy in children on home mechanical ventilation. Author(s): Nakamura CT, Ferdman RM, Keens TG, Davidson Ward SL. Source: Chest. 2000 October; 118(4): 1000-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11035669

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Latex allergy in pediatric surgery is dependent on repeated operations in the first year of life. Author(s): Degenhardt P, Golla S, Wahn F, Niggemann B. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2001 October; 36(10): 1535-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11584403

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Latex allergy in pediatrics. Author(s): Randolph C. Source: Curr Probl Pediatr. 2001 May-June; 31(5): 131-53. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11347277

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Latex allergy in spina bifida: at the turning point? Author(s): Niggemann B, Buck D, Michael T, Haberl H, Wahn U. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 December; 106(6): 1201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11112908

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Latex allergy in the workplace. Author(s): Toraason M, Sussman G, Biagini R, Meade J, Beezhold D, Germolec D. Source: Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2000 November; 58(1): 5-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11053535

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Latex allergy is not to be sneezed at. Author(s): Nalder K. Source: Australian Nursing Journal (July 1993). 2000 March; 7(8): 5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11894241

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Latex allergy literature review: evidence for making military treatment facilities latex safe. Author(s): Reese DJ, Reichl RB, McCollum J. Source: Military Medicine. 2001 September; 166(9): 764-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11569437

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Latex allergy poses risk for nurses. Author(s): Williams S. Source: Revolution. 2001 May-June; 2(3): 10-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12018050

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Latex allergy within the perioperative area. Author(s): Clancy J, McVicar A, Cox J. Source: Br J Perioper Nurs. 2001 May; 11(5): 222-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11892357

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Latex allergy. Author(s): Baker CM. Source: Aaohn Journal : Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses. 2000 May; 48(5): 209-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11881620

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Latex allergy. Author(s): Zucker-Pinchoff B, Stadtmauer GJ. Source: The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York. 2002 January-March; 69(1-2): 88-95. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11832978

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Latex allergy. Author(s): Worthington K, Wilburn S. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 2001 July; 101(7): 88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11469138

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Latex allergy. An orthopaedic case presentation and considerations in patient care. Author(s): Baumann NH. Source: Orthopaedic Nursing / National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses. 1999 MayJune; 18(3): 15-20; Quiz 21-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11052026

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Latex allergy. History, diagnosis and prevention. Author(s): Tomei F, Martini A, Marcellini L, Riservato R. Source: Panminerva Medica. 2000 September; 42(3): 217-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11218629

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Latex allergy. Separating fact from fiction. Author(s): Lenehan G. Source: Nursing. 2002 March; 32(3): 58-63; Quiz 63-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11902049

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Latex allergy: a nursing update. Author(s): Kramper MA. Source: Orl Head Neck Nurs. 2000 Summer; 18(3): 7-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11153355

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Latex allergy: an emerging problem in theatres. Author(s): Keh C, Soon Y, Wong LS. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 2000 November; 54(9): 582-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11220985

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Latex allergy: an update for the otolaryngologist. Author(s): Kashima ML, Tunkel DE, Cummings CW. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2001 April; 127(4): 442-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11296056

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Latex allergy: another real Y2K issue. Author(s): Jennings LM. Source: Rehabilitation Nursing : the Official Journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. 1999 July-August; 24(4): 140, 142. Review. Erratum In: Rehabil Nurs 1999 September-October; 24(5): 220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10754899

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Latex allergy: are you at risk? Author(s): Zaglaniczny K. Source: Aana Journal. 2001 October; 69(5): 413-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11899461

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Latex allergy: ignorance and avoidance are not bliss. Author(s): DeBruyckere D, Heumann M. Source: Dental Assistant (Chicago, Ill. : 1994). 2000 September-October; 69(5): 24-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11218475

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Latex allergy: past and present. Author(s): Meade BJ, Weissman DN, Beezhold DH. Source: International Immunopharmacology. 2002 February; 2(2-3): 225-38. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11811927

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Latex allergy: review of recent advances. Author(s): Levy DA, Leynadier F. Source: Curr Allergy Rep. 2001 January; 1(1): 32-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11899282

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Latex allergy: where are we? Author(s): Murat I. Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2000; 10(6): 577-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11119189

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Latex allergy; a misjudged problem! Author(s): Tas de Haas S. Source: Edtna Erca J. 2001 October-December; 27(4): 213-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11902639

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Latex allergy--the Red Cross Children's Hospital experience. Author(s): Brathwaite N, Motala C, Toerien A, Schinkel M, Potter PC. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2001 September; 91(9): 750-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11680322

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Latex allergy--time to adopt a powder-free policy nationwide. Author(s): Potter PC. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2001 September; 91(9): 746-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11680321

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Low prevalence of clinical latex allergy in UK health care workers: a cross-sectional study. Author(s): Poole CJ, Nagendran V. Source: Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 2001 December; 51(8): 510-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11741084

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Management of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Bernstein DI. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 August; 110(2 Suppl): S111-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170251

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Managing latex allergy in hospital patients and health-care workers. Author(s): Thompson G. Source: J Wound Care. 1996 November; 5(10 Suppl): 1-7. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9281979

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Managing latex allergy in patients and health care workers. Author(s): Melton AL. Source: Cleve Clin J Med. 1997 February; 64(2): 76-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9046684

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Managing latex allergy in the cardiac surgical patient. Author(s): Brown MM, Hess R. Source: Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 1998 May; 21(1): 8-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9644357

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Managing latex allergy patients. Author(s): Harrau BO. Source: Nursing Management. 1998 October; 29(10): 48N, 48P. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9814315

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Minimizing the risks of latex allergy: the effectiveness of written information. Author(s): Carrozzi FM, Katelaris CH, Burke TV, Widmer RP. Source: Aust Dent J. 2002 September; 47(3): 237-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12405464

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More on progressive latex allergy syndrome. Author(s): Barton J. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 October; 23(5): 396-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9369601

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Myths & facts. about latex allergy. Author(s): Cohen SM. Source: Nursing. 2001 February; 31(2): 76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11272951

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Nasal provocation test in the diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Palczynski C, Walusiak J, Ruta U, Gorski P. Source: Allergy. 2000 January; 55(1): 34-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10696854

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Natural rubber latex allergy after 12 years: recommendations and perspectives. Author(s): Charous BL, Blanco C, Tarlo S, Hamilton RG, Baur X, Beezhold D, Sussman G, Yunginger JW. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 January; 109(1): 31-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11799362

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Natural rubber latex allergy and asthma. Author(s): Tarlo SM. Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 2001 January; 7(1): 27-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11140403

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Natural rubber latex allergy in a health-care population in Wales. Author(s): Chowdhury MM, Statham BN. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2003 April; 148(4): 737-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12752132

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Natural rubber latex allergy in children who had not undergone surgery and children who had undergone multiple operations. Author(s): Ylitalo L, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Reunala T. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 November; 100(5): 60612. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9389289

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Natural rubber latex allergy in children: a follow-up study. Author(s): Ylitalo L, Alenius H, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Reunala T. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 November; 30(11): 1611-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11069571

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Natural rubber latex allergy in the occupational setting. Author(s): Charous BL, Tarlo SM, Charous MA, Kelly K. Source: Methods (San Diego, Calif.). 2002 May; 27(1): 15-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12079413

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Natural rubber latex allergy is not a cause of sudden infant death. Author(s): Gutgesell C, Seubert S, Saternus K, Fuchs T. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1999 August; 119(4): 322-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10474038

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Natural rubber latex allergy to adhesive in chocolate bar wrappers. Author(s): Hughes TM. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 2001 January; 44(1): 46-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11156021

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Natural rubber latex allergy update. “Don't let latex irritate you”. Author(s): Faustino LR. Source: Can Oper Room Nurs J. 1999 June; 17(2): 22-9. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10703315

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Natural rubber latex allergy workers' compensation claims: Washington State healthcare workers, 1991-1999. Author(s): Horwitz IB, Kammeyer-Mueller JD. Source: Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2002 April; 17(4): 267-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11942670

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Natural rubber latex allergy, an epidemic in the health field. Author(s): Lehman CW. Source: Hawaii Med J. 1999 June; 58(6): 152-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10416309

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Natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Spiker RD. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 October; 23(5): 397-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9369602

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Natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Turjanmaa K, Alenius H, Makinen-Kiljunen S, Reunala T, Palosuo T. Source: Allergy. 1996 September; 51(9): 593-602. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8899110

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Natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Wakelin SH, White IR. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1999 July; 24(4): 245-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10457121

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Natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Alenius H, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2002 June; 59(6): 419-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12040121

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Natural rubber latex allergy: a problem of interdisciplinary concern in medicine. Author(s): Brehler R, Kutting B. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 2001 April 23; 161(8): 1057-64. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11322839

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Natural rubber latex allergy: prevalence and risk factors in patients with spina bifida compared with atopic children and controls. Author(s): Cremer R, Hoppe A, Korsch E, Kleine-Diepenbruck U, Blaker F. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1998 January; 157(1): 13-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9461356

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Natural rubber latex allergy: spectrum, diagnostic approach, and therapy. Author(s): Woods JA, Lambert S, Platts-Mills TA, Drake DB, Edlich RF. Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1997 January-February; 15(1): 71-85. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9017491

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Natural rubber latex. A short history of its production, use and sensitizing features in the development of latex allergy in adults and children. Author(s): McDonnell JT. Source: Hawaii Med J. 1999 June; 58(6): 158-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10416310

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Natural rubber-latex allergy in patients not intensely exposed. Author(s): Rueff F, Thomas P, Reissig G, Przybilla B. Source: Allergy. 1998 April; 53(4): 445-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9574891

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Nearly 10 percent of nurses suffer from latex allergy. Author(s): Marks D. Source: The American Nurse. 1996 October; 28(7): 7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8924077

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New developments in latex allergy. Author(s): Sussman GL, Beezhold DH. Source: Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 1997; 7(3-4): 219-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10176132

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New insights on latex allergy diagnosis and treatment. Author(s): Patriarca G, Nucera E, Buonomo A, Roncallo C, De Pasquale T, Pollastrini E, Schiavino D. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002; 12(3): 169-76. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12530115

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New latex allergy clinical specialist role gratifying. Author(s): Miller KK. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 August; 23(4): 297-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9379565

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NIOSH alerts health care workers to risk of developing latex allergy. Author(s): Toland PK. Source: Oreg Nurse. 1997 September; 62(3): 7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9400257

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Nurses should take action to avoid occupational latex allergy. Author(s): Petsonk EL. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 April; 23(2): 91-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9216274

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Nursing students' risk for latex allergy: implications for nurse educators. Author(s): Haynes LC, Ludgar J. Source: The Journal of Nursing Education. 2002 November; 41(11): 471-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12437051

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Occupational latex allergy. Author(s): Leynadier F. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996 September; 98(3): 716-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8828556

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Occupational latex allergy: controversies in diagnosis and prognosis. Author(s): Tilles SA. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1999 December; 83(6 Pt 2): 640-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10619336

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Occupational latex allergy: the end of the innocence. Author(s): Holzman RS, Katz JD. Source: Anesthesiology. 1998 August; 89(2): 287-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9710384

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Occupational latex allergy: the magnitude of the problem and its prevention. Author(s): Smedley J. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 April; 30(4): 458-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10718841

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Outcome of a latex avoidance program in a high-risk population for latex allergy - a five-year follow-up study. Author(s): Reider N, Kretz B, Menardi G, Ulmer H, Fritsch P. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 May; 32(5): 708-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11994094

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Overreaction to latex allergy? Author(s): Blum RH, Rockoff MA, Holzman RS, McDermott J, Schneider LC. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997 February; 84(2): 467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9024054

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Patient-education guide: latex allergy. Author(s): Lenehan G. Source: Nursing. 2003 June; 33(6): 54-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12799590

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Patients, health care workers, and latex allergy. Author(s): Personius CD. Source: Mlo: Medical Laboratory Observer. 1995 March; 27(3): 30-2. Erratum In: Mlo Med Lab Obs 1995 April; 27(4): 59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10143149

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Perioperative care of patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Davis BR. Source: Aorn Journal. 2000 July; 72(1): 47-54; Quiz 55-6, 58-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10992971

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Perioperative collapse: prevalence of latex allergy in patients sensitive to anaesthetic agents. Author(s): Tan BB, Lear JT, Watts J, Jones P, English JS. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1997 January; 36(1): 47-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9034688

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Perioperative management of a patient with latex allergy undergoing heart transplantation. Author(s): Johnson RF, Lobato EB, Eckard JB. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1998 August; 87(2): 304-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9706920

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Postal questionnaire study of disability associated with latex allergy among health care workers in Finland. Author(s): Kujala VM, Karvonen J, Laara E, Kanerva L, Estlander T, Reijula KE. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1997 September; 32(3): 197-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9219647

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Prevalence and methodology of evaluation for latex allergy among allergists in the United States: results of a cross-sectional survey. Author(s): Farrell AL, Warshaw EM, Zhao Y, Nelson D. Source: American Journal of Contact Dermatitis : Official Journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. 2002 December; 13(4): 183-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12478533

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Prevalence and risk factors for latex allergy. Author(s): Chaiear N, Foulds I, Burge PS. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2000 July; 57(7): 501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10917715

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Prevalence and risk factors for latex allergy: a cross sectional study in a United Kingdom hospital. Author(s): Waclawski ER. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2000 July; 57(7): 501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10917716

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Prevalence and risk factors for latex allergy: a cross sectional study in a United Kingdom hospital. Author(s): Smedley J, Jury A, Bendall H, Frew A, Coggon D. Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1999 December; 56(12): 833-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10658540

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Prevalence of evaluation for latex allergy and association with practice characteristics in United States dermatologists: results of a cross-sectional survey. Author(s): Warshaw EM, Nelson D. Source: American Journal of Contact Dermatitis : Official Journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. 2001 September; 12(3): 139-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11526518

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Prevalence of latex allergy among anesthesiologists: identification of sensitized but asymptomatic individuals. Author(s): Brown RH, Schauble JF, Hamilton RG. Source: Anesthesiology. 1998 August; 89(2): 292-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9710386

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Prevalence of latex allergy among greenhouse workers. Author(s): Carrillo T, Blanco C, Quiralte J, Castillo R, Cuevas M, Rodriguez de Castro F. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1995 November; 96(5 Pt 1): 699-701. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7499691

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Prevalence of latex allergy and evaluation of some risk factors in a population of atopic children. Author(s): Meglio P, Arabito E, Plantamura M, Businco L. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002; 12(4): 250-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12926184

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Prevalence of latex allergy in a dental school. Author(s): Katelaris CH, Widmer RP, Lazarus RM. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1996 June 17; 164(12): 711-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8668075

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Prevalence of latex allergy in hospital staff in Hong Kong. Author(s): Leung R, Ho A, Chan J, Choy D, Lai CK. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1997 February; 27(2): 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9061216

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Prevalence of latex allergy in operating room nurses. Author(s): Lagier F, Vervloet D, Lhermet I, Poyen D, Charpin D. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1992 September; 90(3 Pt 1): 319-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1388185

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Prevalence of latex allergy may be vastly overestimated when determined by in vitro assays. Author(s): Yeang HY. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2000 June; 84(6): 628-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10875493

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Prevalence of latex allergy. Author(s): Page EH. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2001 August; 87(2): 164-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11527252

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Prevalence of natural rubber latex allergy (type I and type IV) in laboratory workers in The Netherlands. Author(s): de Groot H, de Jong NW, Duijster E, Gerth van Wijk R, Vermeulen A, van Toorenenbergen AW, Geursen L, van Joost T. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1998 March; 38(3): 159-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9536409

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Prevalence of natural rubber latex allergy in hairdressers. Author(s): Kanerva L, Leino T. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1999 September; 41(3): 168-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10475524

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Prevention and management of latex allergy. Author(s): Reddy S. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998 March 25; 279(12): 911. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9544761

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Prevention of latex allergy among health care workers: evaluation of the extractable latex protein content in different types of medical gloves. Author(s): Crippa M, Belleri L, Mistrello G, Carsana T, Neri G, Alessio L. Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2003 July; 44(1): 24-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12822132

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Prevention of latex allergy by selection of low-allergen gloves. Author(s): Mahler V, Fischer S, Fuchs T, Ghannadan M, Valent P, Fartasch M, Kraft D, Schuler G, Valenta R. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000 April; 30(4): 509-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10718848

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Prevention of latex allergy. Author(s): Swartz J, Leonard M. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1993 November; 77(5): 1080. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8214717

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Prevention of latex allergy. Author(s): Wrangsjo K, Lundberg M. Source: Allergy. 1996 January; 51(1): 65-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8721535

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Prick-prick with fresh foods in patients with latex allergy. Author(s): Sanchez-Lopez G, Cizur M, Sanz B, Sanz ML. Source: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000 September-October; 10(5): 280-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11108438

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Primary prevention of natural rubber latex allergy in the German health care system through education and intervention. Author(s): Allmers H, Schmengler J, Skudlik C. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 August; 110(2): 318-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170275

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Progressive community hospital's proactive response to latex allergy. Author(s): Taylor JC. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 August; 23(4): 297. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9379564

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Recent developments in latex allergy. Author(s): Turjanmaa K, Alenius H, Reunala T, Palosuo T. Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2002 October; 2(5): 40712. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12582324

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Recurrent vaginitis as a manifestation of inhaled latex allergy. Author(s): Chiu A, Kelly K, Thomason J, Otte T, Mullins D, Fink J. Source: Allergy. 1999 February; 54(2): 184-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10221444

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Regulatory initiatives for natural latex allergy: US perspectives. Author(s): Farnham JJ, Tomazic-Jezic VJ, Stratmeyer ME. Source: Methods (San Diego, Calif.). 2002 May; 27(1): 87-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12079422

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Renal failure--a new risk group for latex allergy? Author(s): Kalpakioglu AF, Aydin G. Source: Allergy. 1999 April; 54(4): 406-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10371107

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Reported latex allergy in dental patients. Author(s): Nettis E, Colanardi MC, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 2002 February; 93(2): 144-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11862201

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Research based prevention strategies. Management of latex allergy in the workplace. Author(s): Miller KK. Source: Aaohn Journal : Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses. 2000 June; 48(6): 278-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11249375

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Review of latex allergy. Author(s): Cheng L, Lee D. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1999 July-August; 12(4): 285-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10477193

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Risk factor for latex allergy in 54 children with atopy and latex sensitization. Author(s): Bernardini R, Novembre E, Lombardi E, Pucci N, Monaco MG, Vierucci A, Marcucci F. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2003 January; 111(1): 199-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12532123

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Risk factors for latex allergy in patients with spina bifida and latex sensitization. Author(s): Bernardini R, Novembre E, Lombardi E, Mezzetti P, Cianferoni A, Danti DA, Mercurella A, Vierucci A. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1999 May; 29(5): 681-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10231329

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Risk factors for latex allergy in patients with spina bifida. Author(s): Michael T, Niggemann B, Moers A, Seidel U, Wahn U, Scheffner D. Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996 August; 26(8): 934-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8877159

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Risk of latex allergy from medication vial closures. Author(s): Smith CC. Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 1999 March; 33(3): 373-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10200864

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Role and application of provocation in the diagnosis of occupational latex allergy. Author(s): Kurtz KM, Hamilton RG, Adkinson NF Jr. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 1999 December; 83(6 Pt 2): 634-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10619335

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Routine testing for latex allergy in patients with spina bifida is not recommended. Author(s): Slater JE, Mostello LA. Source: Anesthesiology. 1991 February; 74(2): 391-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1990926

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Rubber latex allergy and the endodontic patient. Author(s): Knowles KI, Ibarrola JL, Ludlow MO, Anderson JR, Newcomb BE. Source: Journal of Endodontics. 1998 November; 24(11): 760-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9855829

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Rubber latex allergy: unusual complication during surgery. Author(s): Zenarola P. Source: Contact Dermatitis. 1989 September; 21(3): 197-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2791548

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Screening for latex allergy with a questionnaire: comparison with latex skin testing in a group of dental professionals. Author(s): Katelaris CH, Widmer RP, Lazarus RM, Baldo B. Source: Aust Dent J. 2002 June; 47(2): 152-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12139270

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Serological investigation of latex allergy in Argentina. Author(s): Docena GH, Fernandez R, Ocampo M, Fossati CA. Source: Allergy and Asthma Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies. 1999 March-April; 20(2): 99-106. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10209686

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Severe anaphylactic shock without exanthema in a case of unknown latex allergy and review of the literature. Author(s): Hollnberger H, Gruber E, Frank B. Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2002 July; 12(6): 544-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12139598

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Severe intraoperative anaphylaxis to surgical gloves: latex allergy, an unfamiliar condition. Author(s): Gerber AC, Jorg W, Zbinden S, Seger RA, Dangel PH. Source: Anesthesiology. 1989 November; 71(5): 800-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2817480

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Severe latex allergy after a vaginal examination during labor: a case report. Author(s): Santos R, Hernandez-Ayup S, Galache P, Morales FG, Batiza VA, Montoya D. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 December; 177(6): 1543-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9423768

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Severe latex allergy: three first-person accounts. Author(s): Kellner R, Barnett L, Murray G. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 April; 23(2): 130-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9216283

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Skin and serologic testing in the diagnosis of latex allergy. Author(s): Kelly KJ, Kurup V, Zacharisen M, Resnick A, Fink JN. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1993 June; 91(6): 1140-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8509577

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Specific immunotherapy for occupational latex allergy. Author(s): Pereira C, Rico P, Lourenco M, Lombardero M, Pinto-Mendes J, Chieira C. Source: Allergy. 1999 March; 54(3): 291-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10321572

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Specific immunotherapy for severe latex allergy. Author(s): Pereira C, Pedro E, Tavares B, Ferreira MB, Carrapatoso I, Rico P, Loureiro G, Rodrigues F, Santos MC, Palma-Carlos AG, Chieira C. Source: Allerg Immunol (Paris). 2003 June; 35(6): 217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12872681

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Strategies to protect health care facilities from costly latex allergy claims. Author(s): Lind KD. Source: Qrc Advis. 1998 February; 14(4): 1-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10177252

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Sublingual desensitization: a new approach to latex allergy problem. Author(s): Patriarca G, Nucera E, Pollastrini E, Roncallo C, Buonomo A, Bartolozzi F, De Pasquale T, Gasbarrini G, Schiavino D. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2002 October; 95(4): 956-60, Table of Contents. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12351276

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Syringes and latex allergy. Author(s): Rao AM, Davies MW. Source: Anaesthesia. 1997 May; 52(5): 506. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9165981

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Tackling latex allergy with a product database. Author(s): Puopolo R, Stephens A. Source: Can Nurse. 2000 April; 96(4): 25-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11143649

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Thanks for latex allergy articles. Author(s): Tamar-Mattis S. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 December; 23(6): 523-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9460384

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The “innocent” cough or sneeze: a harbinger of serious latex allergy in children during bladder stimulation and urodynamic testing. Author(s): Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1993 August; 150(2 Pt 2): 687-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8326623

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The 14.6 kd rubber elongation factor (Hev b 1) and 24 kd (Hev b 3) rubber particle proteins are recognized by IgE from patients with spina bifida and latex allergy. Author(s): Yeang HY, Cheong KF, Sunderasan E, Hamzah S, Chew NP, Hamid S, Hamilton RG, Cardosa MJ. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996 September; 98(3): 628-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8828541

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The dental management of patients with natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Field EA, Longman LP, Al-Sharkawi M, Perrin L, Davies M. Source: British Dental Journal. 1998 July 25; 185(2): 65-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9718801

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The diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Kelly KJ, Kurup VP, Reijula KE, Fink JN. Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1994 May; 93(5): 813-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8182220

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The effects of interventions and glove changes in health care workers with latex allergy. Author(s): Sussman G. Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 2003 February; 90(2): 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12602662

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The epidemiology of latex allergy in health care workers. Author(s): Hunt LW. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1993 September; 117(9): 874-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8368897

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The implications of latex allergy in healthcare settings. Author(s): Bowyer RV. Source: Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1999 March; 8(2): 139-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10401346

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The Latest in latex allergy. Author(s): Fisher AA. Source: Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner. 1994 February; 53(2): 69-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7851123

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The latex allergy triage or admission tool: an algorithm to identify which patients would benefit from “latex safe” precautions. Author(s): Miller KK, Weed P. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1998 April; 24(2): 145-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9775823

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The legal implications of latex allergy. Author(s): Kohn P. Source: Rn. 1999 January; 62(1): 63-5. Erratum In: Rn 1999 February; 62(2): 9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9987439

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The prevalence and diagnostic value of specific IgE antibodies to inhalant, animal and plant food, and ficus allergens in patients with natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Ebo DG, Bridts CH, Hagendorens MM, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Source: Acta Clin Belg. 2003 May-June; 58(3): 183-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12945478

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The prevalence of latex allergy among health care workers in Bolu (Turkey). Author(s): Ozkan O, Gokdogan F. Source: Dermatology Nursing / Dermatology Nurses' Association. 2003 December; 15(6): 543-7, 554. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14735605

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The prevalence of latex allergy among hospital employees in north-west England. Author(s): Sinha A, Harrison PV. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1999 March; 140(3): 567. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10233304

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The prevalence of latex allergy in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic. Author(s): Novembre E, Bernardini R, Brizzi I, Bertini G, Mugnaini L, Azzari C, Vierucci A. Source: Allergy. 1997 January; 52(1): 101-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9062637

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The prevalence of latex allergy in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic. Author(s): Niggemann B. Source: Allergy. 1997 June; 52(6): 670. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9226063

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The prevalence of latex allergy in operating theatre staff. Author(s): Hack ME. Source: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2001 February; 29(1): 43-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11261910

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The prevalence of latex allergy in patients with rhinitis. Author(s): Buckland JR, Norman LK, Mason PS, Carruth JA. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 May; 116(5): 349-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12080990

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The puzzle of latex allergy: some answers, still more questions. Author(s): Charous BL. Source: Ann Allergy. 1994 October; 73(4): 277-81. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7943993

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The R.U.B.B.E.R. tool: screening children for latex allergy. Author(s): Meeropol EV. Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. 1998 November-December; 12(6 Pt 1): 320-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10392109

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The rise in latex allergy: implications for the dentist. Author(s): Snyder HA, Settle S. Source: The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994 August; 125(8): 1089-97. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8064050

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The spectrum of immunologic sensitization in latex allergy. Author(s): Kurup VP, Fink JN. Source: Allergy. 2001 January; 56(1): 2-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11167346

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Type I latex allergy diagnosis ends career of Florida dental assistant. Author(s): Mills C. Source: Dental Assistant (Chicago, Ill. : 1994). 2003 November-December; 72(6): 14-6, 33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14705403

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Understanding latex allergy. Author(s): McLeskey SW, Korniewicz DM. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998 October; 7(4): 206-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9866624

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Unique and shared IgE epitopes of Hev b 1 and Hev b 3 in latex allergy. Author(s): Banerjee B, Kanitpong K, Fink JN, Zussman M, Sussman GL, Kelly KJ, Kurup VP. Source: Molecular Immunology. 2000 August-September; 37(12-13): 789-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11275264

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Update on latex allergy among health care personnel. Author(s): Reed D. Source: Aorn Journal. 2003 September; 78(3): 409-12, 416-22, 425-6; Quiz 427-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14507121

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Update on occupational natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Turjanmaa K. Source: Dermatologic Clinics. 1994 July; 12(3): 561-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7923953

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Validation of a two-color flow cytometric assay detecting in vitro basophil activation for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated natural rubber latex allergy. Author(s): Ebo DG, Lechkar B, Schuerwegh AJ, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Source: Allergy. 2002 August; 57(8): 706-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12121189

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Ways of avoiding latex allergy. Author(s): Thompson G. Source: Community Nurse. 1997 March; 3(2): 33-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9451115

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What should the nurse know about latex allergy? Author(s): Miller KK. Source: Awhonn Voice. 1995 August; 3(7): 13-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7663459

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What you need to know about latex allergy. Author(s): Carroll P, Celia F. Source: Mlo: Medical Laboratory Observer. 2000 July; 32(7): 64-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11067543

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What you need to know about latex allergy. Author(s): Homsted L. Source: The Florida Nurse. 1998 September; 46(7): 6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10614317

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What you need to know about latex allergy. Author(s): Burt S. Source: Nursing Management. 1999 August; 30(8): 20-5; Quiz 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10562096

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What you need to know about latex allergy. Author(s): Burt S. Source: Nursing. 1998 October; 28(10): 33-9; Quiz 40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9801586

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What you need to know about latex allergy. Teaching guide. Author(s): Burt S. Source: Nursing Management. 1999 August; 30(8): 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10562095

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Why latex allergy now? Author(s): Shoup A. Source: Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998 October; 7(4): 222-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9866626

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Workers' compensation and latex allergy: dos and don'ts. Author(s): Nemeth D. Source: Journal of Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association. 1997 April; 23(2): 165. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9216293

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Work-related asthma and latex allergy. Sorting out the types, causes, and consequences. Author(s): Avila PC, Shusterman DJ. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1999 June; 105(7): 39-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10376049

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND LATEX ALLERGY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and latex allergy.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Latex Allergy The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

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Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “latex allergy” (or a synonym): •

Latex allergy diagnosis: in vivo and in vitro standardization of a natural rubber latex extract. Author(s): Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, Finland. Source: Turjanmaa, K Palosuo, T Alenius, H Leynadier, F Autegarden, J E Andre, C Sicard, H Hrabina, M Tran, T X Allergy. 1997 Jan; 52(1): 41-50 0105-4538

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Latex allergy: how safe are your gloves? Author(s): Donald Guthrie Foundation for Medical Research, Sayre, PA, USA. Source: Meyer, K K Beezhold, D H Bull-Am-Coll-Surg. 1997 July; 82(7): 13-5, 72 00028045

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Local anesthetic cartridges and latex allergy: a literature review. Author(s): University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Ontario, Canada. Source: Shojaei, A R Haas, D A J-Can-Dent-Assoc. 2002 November; 68(10): 622-6 14882159

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

•

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Nutrition

55

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON LATEX ALLERGY Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to latex allergy. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on latex allergy include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Chapters on Latex Allergy In order to find chapters that specifically relate to latex allergy, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and latex allergy using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on latex allergy: •

Oral Care for People with Latex Allergies Source: in Sutton, A.L. Dental Care and Oral Health Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics. 2003. p. 417-421. Contact: Available from Omnigraphics. 615 Griswold Street, Detroit, MI 48226. (313) 961-1340. Fax: (313) 961-1383. E-mail: [email protected]. www.omnigraphics.com. PRICE: $78.00; plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 780806344. Summary: Since the late 1980s, there has been a significant increase in the number of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex. This chapter on oral care for people with latex allergies is from a book that provides information about dental care and oral health at all stages of life. Three types of reactions can occur with the use of natural rubber latex: irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and latex allergy (an immediate hypersensitive response). Topics covered include latex allergies and dental procedures and the relationship between latex allergy and endodontic (root canal) procedures. 32 references.

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CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON LATEX ALLERGY Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover latex allergy.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on latex allergy is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to latex allergy. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “latex allergy” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for latex allergy: •

Latex allergy may be more common than thought Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 02, 2002

•

UK health workers at risk of latex allergy: union Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: August 08, 2001

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•

Assays for latex IgE overestimate latex allergy prevalence in general population Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: July 11, 2000

•

Nasal challenge test aids latex allergy diagnosis Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 21, 2000

•

Food handlers' gloves trigger latex allergy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 08, 1999

•

Pacifiers may provoke latex allergy in infants Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 28, 1999

•

Eliminating source of latex allergy, asthma among healthcare workers is cost effective Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 01, 1999

•

Latex allergy in spina bifida patients is preventable Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 28, 1998

•

Latex Allergy Affects Healthcare Workers Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 23, 1998

•

FDA Approves Pharmacia amp; Upjohn's Latex Allergy Test Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 25, 1997 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to

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61

Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “latex allergy” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to latex allergy, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “latex allergy” (or synonyms).

Academic Periodicals covering Latex Allergy Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to latex allergy. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering latex allergy that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

65

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute5: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

5

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.6 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

6

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 7 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway8 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.9 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 1446 21 308 6 1 1782

HSTAT10 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.11 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.12 Simply search by “latex allergy” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

8

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

9

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 10 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 11 12

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

13 Adapted 14

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on latex allergy can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to latex allergy. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to latex allergy. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “latex allergy”:

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•

Latex Allergy

Guides on latex allergy Latex Allergy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/latexallergy.html Latex Allergies http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/latexallergiesloader.html

•

Other guides Asthma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/asthma.html Food Allergy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodallergy.html Occupational Health for Healthcare Providers http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.t ml

Within the health topic page dedicated to latex allergy, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Fast Facts: Latex Allergy Source: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology http://www.aaaai.org/patients/resources/fastfacts/latex.stm Latex Allergies http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/latexallergiesloader.html

•

Specific Conditions/Aspects Latex Allergy Fact Sheet for Patients with Spina Bifida and Those Who Undergo Multiple Invasive Procedures Source: American Association of Nurse Anesthetists http://www.aana.com/press/2002/041102c.asp

•

Children Creating a Safe School for Latex-Sensitive Children Source: American Association of Nurse Anesthetists http://www.aana.com/press/2002/041102d.asp Latex Allergies Source: National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care http://nrc.uchsc.edu/TIPS/latex.htm

•

Organizations American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Source: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology http://www.aaaai.org/ Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/

Patient Resources 73 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html •

Prevention/Screening Allergy Test (RAST Test) Source: American Association for Clinical Chemistry http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/allergy/test.html Preventing Allergic Reactions to Natural Rubber Latex in the Workplace Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/latexalt.html

•

Statistics Allergy Statistics Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on latex allergy. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

Latex Allergy: A Prevention Guide Source: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. 1998. 6 p. Contact: Available from National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/98-113.html. Summary: This brochure provides information on latex allergy, a reaction to proteins in latex rubber. People in professions that frequently use latex gloves such as health care workers; other workers who may use latex gloves less frequently, such as housekeepers and hair dressers; or latex manufacturing workers are most likely to develop this allergy. Symptoms can be mild and include redness, rash, hives, or itching or may be severe and include runny nose, sneezing, asthma, and rarely, a life threatening anaphylactic shock response. One of the most common reactions to latex allergy is irritant contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is a reaction from the chemicals added to latex during the manufacturing process. Individuals can protect themselves

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from latex allergy by using nonlatex gloves when possible, using powder-free latex gloves, limiting the chance of chemical reactions when wearing latex gloves, educating oneself about latex allergy, and learning to recognize the symptoms of latex allergy. If the latex allergy has already developed, one should avoid further contact with latex gloves and products, avoid inhaling powder from latex gloves, notify the employer and health provider of the allergy, and wear a medical alert bracelet. Healthfinder™ Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

Latex Allergy Summary: Follow this site's links to other websites and information sources about latex allergy. Source: Educational Institution--Follow the Resource URL for More Information http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=1044 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to latex allergy. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Patient Resources 75

Associations and Latex Allergy The following is a list of associations that provide information on and resources relating to latex allergy: •

American Latex Allergy Association (A.L.E.R.T., Inc.) Telephone: (860) 482-6869 Toll-free: (888) 972-5378 Fax: (262) 677-2808 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.latexallergyresources.org Background: American Latex Allergy Association (A.L.E.R.T., Inc.) is a voluntary nonprofit organization dedicated to creating awareness of latex allergy and providing support to affected individuals and family members. Latex is a natural rubber used in certain medical devices such as catheters and surgical gloves as well as many products such as adhesives and paints. It has been estimated that approximately one percent of the general population, and about five to 15 percent of health care workers and others regularly exposed to latex in their work environments, are allergic to latex. Upon latex exposure, affected individuals may experience symptoms that range from mild to severe and include one or more of the following: hives or welts; swelling of affected areas; sneezing; headache; reddened, teary, and/or itchy eyes; hoarseness of the voice and/or soreness of the throat; abdominal cramps; and/or tightness of the chest, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath. Continued exposure to latex may cause a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock). A.L.E.R.T., Inc. was established in 1993 and currently has 10 chapters and approximately 2,000 members. The organization is committed to providing information and emotional support to affected individuals and their families and educating the public about latex allergy including health care workers, legislators, other government officials, industries, and enforcement agencies. A.L.E.R.T., Inc. is also dedicated to promoting the establishment of policies concerning the care of individuals with latex allergy; minimization of latex exposure for employees in all health care facilities and industrial settings; and research into the treatment and prevention of latex allergy. Relevant area(s) of interest: Latex Allergy

•

Latex Allergy Information Service Telephone: (860) 482-6869 Fax: (860) 482-2294 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.latexallergyhelp.com Background: The Latex Allergy Information Service is a national voluntary service organization that provides up-to-date information on latex allergy. The Service helps to establish regional support groups and develop educational materials used to increase latex allergy awareness among medical professionals and the public. Many people who have an allergy to latex may not be aware of how to avoid contact with latex. The Service provides lists of products that contain latex and non-latex alternatives. Hospital guidelines and protocols for the management of people with latex allergy are also available from the organization. Educational materials produced by the organization include a newsletter entitled Latex Allergy News, a fact sheet on guidelines for the management of people with this allergy, and lists of products that contain latex.

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Relevant area(s) of interest: Latex Allergy

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to latex allergy. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with latex allergy. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about latex allergy. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “latex allergy” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “latex allergy”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “latex allergy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

Patient Resources 77

The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “latex allergy” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries 81

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries 83

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

85

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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LATEX ALLERGY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Cramps: Abdominal pain due to spasmodic contractions of the bowel. [NIH] Acrylonitrile: A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber. [NIH] Adhesives: Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived adhesives), mucilages, sticky pastes, gums, resins, or latex. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Age of Onset: The age or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual. [NIH] Agoraphobia: Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places. [NIH] Airway: A device for securing unobstructed passage of air into and out of the lungs during general anesthesia. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Allergen: An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate-type hypersensitivity (allergy). [EU] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amine: An organic compound containing nitrogen; any member of a group of chemical compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms by organic (hydrocarbon) radicals. The amines are distinguished as primary, secondary, and tertiary, according to whether one, two, or three hydrogen atoms are replaced. The amines include allylamine, amylamine, ethylamine, methylamine, phenylamine, propylamine, and many other compounds. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form

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proteins. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anaesthetic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or producing anaesthesia. 2. A drug or agent that is used to abolish the sensation of pain. [EU] Analytes: A component of a test sample the presence of which has to be demonstrated. The term "analyte" includes where appropriate formed from the analyte during the analyses. [NIH]

Anaphylactic: Pertaining to anaphylaxis. [EU] Anaphylaxis: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen. The reaction may include rapidly progressing urticaria, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic shock, and death. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anesthesiology: A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia. [NIH] Anesthetics: Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. [NIH] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH]

Dictionary 89

Assay: Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. [EU] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Ataxia: Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharnyx, larnyx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. [NIH] Atelectasis: Incomplete expansion of the lung. [NIH] Atopic: Pertaining to an atopen or to atopy; allergic. [EU] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. [NIH] Barium enema: A procedure in which a liquid with barium in it is put into the rectum and colon by way of the anus. Barium is a silver-white metallic compound that helps to show the image of the lower gastrointestinal tract on an x-ray. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basophil: A type of white blood cell. Basophils are granulocytes. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bifida: A defect in development of the vertebral column in which there is a central deficiency of the vertebral lamina. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Blot: To transfer DNA, RNA, or proteins to an immobilizing matrix such as nitrocellulose. [NIH]

Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blotting and transferred to strips of nitrocellulose paper. The blots are then detected by radiolabeled antibody probes. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled

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with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells, stromal cells, megakaryocytes, and the immediate precursors of most blood cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Bronchial: Pertaining to one or more bronchi. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Catheters: A small, flexible tube that may be inserted into various parts of the body to inject or remove liquids. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Central Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA virus infections; RNA virus infections; bacterial infections; mycoplasma infections; Spirochaetales infections; fungal infections; protozoan infections; helminthiasis; and prion diseases may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of necrosis in the cerebrum caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., infarction, anterior cerebral artery), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). [NIH]

Cerebrospinal: Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord. [EU] Cerebrospinal fluid: CSF. The fluid flowing around the brain and spinal cord.

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Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles in the brain. [NIH] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic Disease: Disease or ailment of long duration. [NIH] Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and

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theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Condoms: A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease. [NIH] Congestion: Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in a part. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Constriction: The act of constricting. [NIH] Contact dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin with varying degrees of erythema, edema and vesinculation resulting from cutaneous contact with a foreign substance or other exposure. [NIH]

Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Control group: In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works. [NIH] Controlled clinical trial: A clinical study that includes a comparison (control) group. The comparison group receives a placebo, another treatment, or no treatment at all. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cranial: Pertaining to the cranium, or to the anterior (in animals) or superior (in humans) end of the body. [EU] Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., brain; cranial nerves; meninges; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. [NIH] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Curare: Plant extracts from several species, including Strychnos toxifera, S. castelnaei, S. crevauxii, and Chondodendron tomentosum, that produce paralysis of skeletal muscle and are used adjunctively with general anesthesia. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration. [NIH] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Decarboxylation: The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound. [NIH] Dental Care: The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982). [NIH]

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Dermatitis: Any inflammation of the skin. [NIH] Desensitization: The prevention or reduction of immediate hypersensitivity reactions by administration of graded doses of allergen; called also hyposensitization and immunotherapy. [EU] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Dilation: A process by which the pupil is temporarily enlarged with special eye drops (mydriatic); allows the eye care specialist to better view the inside of the eye. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Enema: The injection of a liquid through the anus into the large bowel. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epidemic: Occurring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy; said especially of infectious diseases but applied also to any disease, injury, or other healthrelated event occurring in such outbreaks. [EU] Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies. [NIH] Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. [NIH] Erythema Infectiosum: Contagious infection with human B19 Parvovirus most commonly seen in school age children and characterized by fever, headache, and rashes of the face, trunk, and extremities. It is often confused with rubella. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Exanthema: Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (erythema infectiosum), and sixth (exanthema subitum) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. [NIH] Exocytosis: Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the cell membrane. [NIH] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fixation: 1. The act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. In psychiatry, a term with two related but

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distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage, which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. The use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. In chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. In ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. In film processing, the chemical removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. [EU] Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds). [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gastrointestinal tract: The stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. [NIH] Granulocytes: Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Headache Disorders: Common conditions characterized by persistent or recurrent headaches. Headache syndrome classification systems may be based on etiology (e.g., vascular headache, post-traumatic headaches, etc.), temporal pattern (e.g., cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, etc.), and precipitating factors (e.g., cough headache). [NIH] Health Services: Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health. [NIH] Heart Transplantation: The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another. [NIH]

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Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heterotrophic: Pertaining to organisms that are consumers and dependent on other organisms for their source of energy (food). [NIH] Histamine: 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine. A depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. [NIH] Histamine Release: The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects. [NIH] Histidine: An essential amino acid important in a number of metabolic processes. It is required for the production of histamine. [NIH] Hoarseness: An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. [NIH] Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hydrocephalus: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, intracranial hypertension; headache; lethargy; urinary incontinence; and ataxia (and in infants macrocephaly). This condition may be caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways due to neurologic abnormalities, intracranial hemorrhages; central nervous system infections; brain neoplasms; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. Impaired resorption of cerebrospinal fluid from the arachnoid villi results in a communicating form of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo refers to ventricular dilation that occurs as a result of brain substance loss from cerebral infarction and other conditions. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunoblotting: Immunologic methods for isolating and quantitatively measuring immunoreactive substances. When used with immune reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, the process is known generically as western blot analysis (blotting, western). [NIH]

Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large

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amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Immunosuppressive therapy: Therapy used to decrease the body's immune response, such as drugs given to prevent transplant rejection. [NIH] Immunotherapy: Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incontinence: Inability to control the flow of urine from the bladder (urinary incontinence) or the escape of stool from the rectum (fecal incontinence). [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding within the intracranial cavity, including hemorrhages in the brain and within the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. [NIH] Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including hydrocephalus; brain edema; intracranial masses; severe systemic hypertension; pseudotumor cerebri; and other disorders. [NIH] Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Latex Allergy: Hypersensitivity to products containing processed natural rubber latex such as rubber gloves, condoms, catheters, dental dams, balloons, and sporting equipment. Both T-cell mediated (delayed hypersensitivity) and IgE antibody-mediated (immediate hypersensitivity) allergic responses are possible. Delayed hypersensitivity results from exposure to antioxidants present in the rubber; immediate hypersensitivity results from

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exposure to a latex protein. [NIH] Lethargy: Abnormal drowsiness or stupor; a condition of indifference. [EU] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Life cycle: The successive stages through which an organism passes from fertilized ovum or spore to the fertilized ovum or spore of the next generation. [NIH] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lytic: 1. Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin. 2. Producing lysis. [EU] Mechanical ventilation: Use of a machine called a ventilator or respirator to improve the exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Monoclonal antibodies: Laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy; each one recognizes a different protein on certain cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to a tumor. [NIH] Motor nerve: An efferent nerve conveying an impulse that excites muscular contraction. [NIH]

Muscle relaxant: An agent that specifically aids in reducing muscle tension, as those acting at the polysynaptic neurons of motor nerves (e.g. meprobamate) or at the myoneural

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junction (curare and related compounds). [EU] Muscle tension: A force in a material tending to produce extension; the state of being stretched. [NIH] Musculoskeletal System: Themuscles, bones, and cartilage of the body. [NIH] Myelodysplasia: Abnormal bone marrow cells that may lead to myelogenous leukemia. [NIH]

Myelogenous: Produced by, or originating in, the bone marrow. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Neurogenic: Loss of bladder control caused by damage to the nerves controlling the bladder. [NIH] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neurosis: Functional derangement due to disorders of the nervous system which does not affect the psychic personality of the patient. [NIH] Occupational Health: The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment. [NIH] Oral Health: The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease. [NIH] Orthopaedic: Pertaining to the correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system; pertaining to orthopaedics. [EU] Otolaryngologist: A doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Also called an ENT doctor. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Particle: A tiny mass of material. [EU] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pediatrics: A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence. [NIH]

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Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perioperative: Around the time of surgery; usually lasts from the time of going into the hospital or doctor's office for surgery until the time the patient goes home. [NIH] Peritoneal: Having to do with the peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen). [NIH] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phobia: A persistent, irrational, intense fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (the phobic stimulus), fear that is recognized as being excessive or unreasonable by the individual himself. When a phobia is a significant source of distress or interferes with social functioning, it is considered a mental disorder; phobic disorder (or neurosis). In DSM III phobic disorders are subclassified as agoraphobia, social phobias, and simple phobias. Used as a word termination denoting irrational fear of or aversion to the subject indicated by the stem to which it is affixed. [EU] Phobic Disorders: Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Primary endpoint: The main result that is measured at the end of a study to see if a given treatment worked (e.g., the number of deaths or the difference in survival between the treatment group and the control group). What the primary endpoint will be is decided before the study begins. [NIH] Primary Prevention: Prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations through promotion of health, including mental health, and specific protection, as in immunization, as distinguished from the prevention of complications or after-effects of existing disease. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed

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over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Radioallergosorbent Test: An in vitro allergen radioimmunoassay in which allergens are coupled to an immunosorbent. The coupled allergens bind the IgE in the sera of patients which in turn binds radioisotope-labeled anti-IgE antibodies. [NIH] Radioimmunoassay: Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Nonimmunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation. [NIH] Radioisotope: An unstable element that releases radiation as it breaks down. Radioisotopes can be used in imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reagent: A substance employed to produce a chemical reaction so as to detect, measure, produce, etc., other substances. [EU] Recombinant: A cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relaxant: 1. Lessening or reducing tension. 2. An agent that lessens tension. [EU] Resorption: The loss of substance through physiologic or pathologic means, such as loss of dentin and cementum of a tooth, or of the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla. [EU] Respirator: A mechanical device that helps a patient breathe; a mechanical ventilator. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH]

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Rhinitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Rubber: A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (latex) of Hevea brasiliensis and other trees. It is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to atleast twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retractrapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully. Synthetic rubber is made from many different chemicals, including styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene, and isoprene. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Sensitization: 1. Administration of antigen to induce a primary immune response; priming; immunization. 2. Exposure to allergen that results in the development of hypersensitivity. 3. The coating of erythrocytes with antibody so that they are subject to lysis by complement in the presence of homologous antigen, the first stage of a complement fixation test. [EU] Serologic: Analysis of a person's serum, especially specific immune or lytic serums. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Sneezing: Sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the nose and mouth caused by irritation to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Spasmodic: Of the nature of a spasm. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Spina bifida: A defect in development of the vertebral column in which there is a central deficiency of the vertebral lamina. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in

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Latex Allergy

the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinal Cord Injuries: Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., wounds, gunshot; whiplash injuries; etc.). [NIH] Stimulant: 1. Producing stimulation; especially producing stimulation by causing tension on muscle fibre through the nervous tissue. 2. An agent or remedy that produces stimulation. [EU]

Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics. [NIH] Subarachnoid: Situated or occurring between the arachnoid and the pia mater. [EU] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation. [NIH]

Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches. [NIH] Triage: The sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment. [NIH] Type 2 diabetes: Usually characterized by a gradual onset with minimal or no symptoms of metabolic disturbance and no requirement for exogenous insulin. The peak age of onset is 50 to 60 years. Obesity and possibly a genetic factor are usually present. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH]

Dictionary 103

Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Urodynamic: Measures of the bladder's ability to hold and release urine. [NIH] Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. [NIH] Vaccine: A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasodilator: An agent that widens blood vessels. [NIH] Ventilation: 1. In respiratory physiology, the process of exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air. Pulmonary ventilation (usually measured in litres per minute) refers to the total exchange, whereas alveolar ventilation refers to the effective ventilation of the alveoli, in which gas exchange with the blood takes place. 2. In psychiatry, verbalization of one's emotional problems. [EU] Ventilator: A breathing machine that is used to treat respiratory failure by promoting ventilation; also called a respirator. [NIH] Ventricles: Fluid-filled cavities in the heart or brain. [NIH] Ventricular: Pertaining to a ventricle. [EU] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Vertebral: Of or pertaining to a vertebra. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vial: A small bottle. [EU] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Viruses: Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism. [NIH] Volition: Voluntary activity without external compulsion. [NIH] Wheezing: Breathing with a rasp or whistling sound; a sign of airway constriction or obstruction. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Wounds, Gunshot: Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the

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Latex Allergy

discharge of firearms. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast. [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e. g. trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin. [NIH]

105

INDEX A Abdominal, 75, 87, 98, 99 Abdominal Cramps, 75, 87 Acrylonitrile, 87, 101 Adhesives, 75, 87 Adolescence, 87, 98 Age of Onset, 87, 90, 102 Agoraphobia, 87, 99 Airway, 87, 103 Algorithms, 87, 89 Alkaline, 87, 89 Allergen, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 22, 25, 41, 87, 93, 100, 101 Alternative medicine, 60, 87 Amine, 87, 95 Amino Acid Sequence, 87, 88 Amino Acids, 87, 99, 100 Anaesthesia, 10, 12, 13, 17, 31, 44, 45, 48, 88 Anaesthetic, 38, 88 Analytes, 73, 88 Anaphylactic, 4, 7, 12, 44, 73, 75, 88 Anaphylaxis, 3, 4, 13, 21, 23, 44, 88 Anesthesia, 4, 16, 28, 38, 41, 45, 87, 88, 92 Anesthesiology, 15, 20, 37, 39, 44, 88 Anesthetics, 88 Antibacterial, 88, 101 Antibiotic, 88, 101 Antibodies, 6, 11, 18, 25, 47, 88, 93, 97, 99, 100 Antibody, 7, 15, 88, 89, 91, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101 Anticoagulant, 88, 100 Antigen, 88, 91, 93, 95, 96, 100, 101 Antioxidants, 88, 96 Anus, 88, 89, 93, 96 Arteries, 88, 89, 92, 97 Assay, 49, 89, 100 Asymptomatic, 39, 89 Ataxia, 89, 95 Atelectasis, 15, 89 Atopic, 4, 12, 26, 35, 40, 89 B Bacteria, 8, 88, 89, 97, 101, 103 Barium, 13, 89 Barium enema, 13, 89 Base, 89, 96 Basophil, 19, 49, 89, 95

Benign, 89, 90, 94 Bifida, 8, 72, 89 Biotechnology, 9, 60, 67, 89 Bladder, 16, 46, 89, 96, 98, 103 Blood vessel, 89, 90, 101, 103 Blot, 89, 95 Blotting, Western, 89, 95 Bone Marrow, 17, 89, 90, 95, 98 Bone Marrow Cells, 90, 98 Bone Marrow Transplantation, 17, 90 Bowel, 87, 90, 93, 99 Brain Neoplasms, 90, 95 Branch, 83, 90, 98, 101 Bronchial, 90, 95 C Cardiac, 32, 90, 98 Cardiovascular, 27, 90 Case report, 28, 44, 90, 91 Case series, 90, 91 Catheters, 75, 90, 96 Cell, 5, 15, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103 Cell Division, 89, 90 Central Nervous System, 90, 94, 95 Central Nervous System Infections, 90, 94, 95 Cerebral, 89, 90, 95 Cerebral Infarction, 90, 95 Cerebrospinal, 90, 95 Cerebrospinal fluid, 90, 95 Chromosome, 91, 97 Chronic, 8, 91, 96 Chronic Disease, 8, 91 Clinical study, 21, 91, 92 Clinical trial, 7, 67, 91, 92, 100 Cloning, 16, 89, 91 Collagen, 87, 91 Collapse, 27, 38, 88, 91 Complement, 91, 101 Computational Biology, 67, 91 Condoms, 92, 96 Congestion, 92, 93 Connective Tissue, 89, 91, 92 Constriction, 92, 103 Contact dermatitis, 5, 6, 57, 73, 92 Contraindications, ii, 92 Control group, 92, 99 Controlled clinical trial, 7, 92

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Latex Allergy

Coronary, 92, 97 Coronary Thrombosis, 92, 97 Cranial, 92, 94, 96 Craniocerebral Trauma, 92, 94, 95 Criterion, 9, 92 Curare, 92, 98 Cutaneous, 3, 47, 92 D Databases, Bibliographic, 67, 92 Decarboxylation, 92, 95 Dental Care, 23, 57, 92 Dermatitis, 5, 6, 14, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 57, 73, 93 Desensitization, 7, 28, 45, 93 Diagnostic procedure, 61, 93 Dilation, 93, 95 Direct, iii, 93, 100 E Edema, 92, 93, 96 Efficacy, 7, 20, 93 Enema, 93 Environmental Health, 24, 66, 68, 93 Enzymatic, 91, 93, 95 Enzyme, 16, 93, 102, 103, 104 Epidemic, 5, 35, 93 Epitopes, 49, 93 Erythema, 4, 92, 93, 103 Erythema Infectiosum, 93 Erythrocytes, 89, 93, 101 Exanthema, 44, 93 Exocytosis, 93, 95 Exogenous, 93, 102 F Facial, 6, 93 Family Planning, 67, 93 Fat, 89, 90, 93, 101 Fixation, 93, 101 Fungi, 8, 94, 97, 104 G Gallbladder, 87, 94 Gastric, 94, 95 Gastrointestinal, 5, 89, 94 Gastrointestinal tract, 89, 94 Gene, 89, 94 Governing Board, 94, 99 Graft, 94, 95, 96 Graft Rejection, 94, 96 Granulocytes, 89, 94, 103 H Headache, 75, 93, 94, 95 Headache Disorders, 94 Health Services, 5, 94

Heart Transplantation, 38, 94 Hemorrhage, 92, 94, 95 Heterotrophic, 94, 95 Histamine, 19, 95 Histamine Release, 19, 95 Histidine, 95 Hoarseness, 75, 95 Homologous, 95, 101 Host, 95, 96, 103 Hydrocephalus, 5, 95, 96 Hypersensitivity, 4, 5, 6, 87, 88, 93, 95, 96, 101 Hypertension, 95, 96 I Id, 55, 74, 82, 84, 95 Immune response, 24, 25, 27, 88, 94, 95, 96, 101 Immune system, 95, 96, 103 Immunization, 95, 96, 99, 101 Immunoblotting, 18, 95 Immunoglobulin, 5, 88, 95, 97 Immunologic, 4, 7, 49, 95 Immunosuppressive, 96 Immunosuppressive therapy, 96 Immunotherapy, 7, 45, 93, 96 In vitro, 10, 16, 22, 27, 40, 49, 54, 96, 100 In vivo, 26, 27, 54, 96 Incontinence, 95, 96 Infarction, 90, 92, 96, 97 Infection, 93, 96, 103 Inflammation, 19, 92, 93, 96, 101, 103 Insulin, 26, 96, 102 Intestinal, 20, 96 Intestines, 87, 94, 96 Intracranial Hemorrhages, 95, 96 Intracranial Hypertension, 94, 95, 96 Involuntary, 7, 96, 98, 101 K Kb, 66, 96 L Latex Allergy, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 57, 59, 60, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 96 Lethargy, 95, 97 Leukemia, 97, 98 Leukocytes, 89, 94, 97 Library Services, 82, 97 Life cycle, 94, 97 Linkage, 8, 97 Liver, 87, 94, 97

Index 107

Localized, 94, 96, 97, 103 Lymphoid, 88, 97 Lytic, 97, 101 M Mechanical ventilation, 28, 97 MEDLINE, 67, 97 Membrane, 91, 93, 97, 101 Mental Disorders, 97, 99 Mental Health, iv, 7, 66, 68, 97, 98, 99 MI, 6, 57, 85, 97 Microorganism, 97, 103 Molecular, 49, 67, 69, 89, 92, 97, 101 Monoclonal, 15, 95, 97 Monoclonal antibodies, 95, 97 Motor nerve, 97 Muscle relaxant, 27, 97 Muscle tension, 97, 98 Musculoskeletal System, 98 Myelodysplasia, 25, 98 Myelogenous, 98 Myocardium, 97, 98 N Necrosis, 90, 96, 97, 98 Need, 3, 5, 6, 22, 50, 57, 76, 98, 102 Nerve, 88, 89, 97, 98, 102 Neurogenic, 16, 98 Neurologic, 95, 98 Neurons, 97, 98 Neurosis, 98, 99 O Occupational Health, 8, 29, 43, 72, 98 Oral Health, 4, 5, 57, 98 Orthopaedic, 30, 98 Otolaryngologist, 30, 98 P Pancreas, 87, 96, 98 Particle, 16, 46, 98 Pathologic, 92, 95, 98, 100 Pathophysiology, 3, 98 Patient Education, 73, 80, 82, 85, 98 Pediatrics, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 35, 98 Peptide, 99, 100 Perioperative, 29, 38, 99 Peritoneal, 5, 99 Peritoneum, 99 Pharmacologic, 88, 99, 102 Phobia, 22, 99 Phobic Disorders, 99 Physical Examination, 5, 99 Plasma, 88, 99 Plasma cells, 88, 99 Practice Guidelines, 68, 99

Prevalence, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 26, 28, 32, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 47, 48, 60, 99 Primary endpoint, 7, 99 Primary Prevention, 12, 99 Progressive, 33, 42, 98, 99 Prospective study, 26, 99 Protein C, 41, 87, 100 Protein S, 89, 100 Proteins, 5, 7, 18, 25, 46, 73, 87, 88, 89, 91, 99, 100, 101 Protocol, 28, 100 Public Policy, 67, 100 Purulent, 100, 103 R Radioallergosorbent Test, 5, 100 Radioimmunoassay, 100 Radioisotope, 100 Randomized, 7, 93, 100 Reagent, 7, 100 Recombinant, 16, 100 Rectum, 88, 89, 96, 100 Refer, 1, 91, 94, 100 Refraction, 100, 101 Regimen, 93, 100 Relaxant, 100 Resorption, 95, 100 Respirator, 97, 100, 103 Retrospective, 18, 19, 100 Rhinitis, 48, 101 Risk factor, 5, 6, 8, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 35, 39, 40, 43, 99, 101 S Screening, 10, 16, 27, 44, 48, 73, 91, 101 Secretion, 95, 101 Sensitization, 4, 8, 17, 43, 49, 101 Serologic, 45, 101 Serum, 17, 21, 91, 100, 101 Shock, 12, 44, 73, 75, 88, 101, 102 Side effect, 101, 102 Smooth muscle, 95, 101 Sneezing, 73, 75, 101 Soft tissue, 89, 101 Spasmodic, 87, 101 Specialist, 36, 76, 93, 101 Species, 92, 97, 101 Spectrum, 35, 49, 101 Spina bifida, 5, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 24, 27, 29, 35, 43, 44, 46, 60, 101 Spinal cord, 5, 90, 101, 102 Spinal Cord Injuries, 5, 102 Stimulant, 95, 102 Stimulus, 99, 102

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Latex Allergy

Stomach, 87, 94, 96, 102 Stress, 8, 101, 102, 103 Styrene, 101, 102 Subarachnoid, 94, 96, 102 Support group, 75, 102 Systemic, 6, 7, 88, 96, 102 T Thrombin, 100, 102 Thrombomodulin, 100, 102 Tissue, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102 Toxic, iv, 8, 92, 102 Toxicology, 29, 68, 102 Transfection, 89, 102 Trauma, 12, 98, 102 Trees, 101, 102 Triage, 47, 102 Type 2 diabetes, 5, 102 U Unconscious, 88, 95, 102 Urinary, 95, 96, 102 Urine, 89, 96, 102, 103 Urodynamic, 46, 103 Urticaria, 23, 88, 103 V Vaccine, 100, 103 Vagina, 103

Vaginal, 44, 103 Vaginitis, 42, 103 Vascular, 88, 94, 96, 103 Vasodilator, 95, 103 Ventilation, 103 Ventilator, 97, 100, 103 Ventricles, 91, 95, 103 Ventricular, 95, 103 Vertebrae, 102, 103 Vertebral, 89, 101, 103 Veterinary Medicine, 67, 103 Vial, 43, 103 Villi, 95, 103 Viruses, 8, 97, 103 Vitro, 26, 103 Vivo, 103 Volition, 96, 103 W Wheezing, 75, 103 White blood cell, 88, 89, 97, 99, 103 Wounds, Gunshot, 102, 103 X X-ray, 89, 104 Y Yeasts, 94, 104 Z Zymogen, 100, 104

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