PLACENTA PREVIA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Placenta Previa: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84549-2 1. Placenta Previa-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on placenta previa. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON PLACENTA PREVIA ................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Placenta Previa ............................................................................. 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. BOOKS ON PLACENTA PREVIA.................................................................................... 37 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 37 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 37 Chapters on Placenta Previa ........................................................................................................ 38 CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON PLACENTA PREVIA ...................................................... 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 39 Academic Periodicals covering Placenta Previa........................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 4. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................... 43 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 43 U.S. Pharmacopeia....................................................................................................................... 43 Commercial Databases ................................................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 47 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 49 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 53 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 53 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 53 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 55 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 57 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 57 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 57 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 63 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 65 PLACENTA PREVIA DICTIONARY........................................................................................... 67 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 81
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with placenta previa is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about placenta previa, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to placenta previa, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on placenta previa. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to placenta previa, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on placenta previa. The Editors
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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON PLACENTA PREVIA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on placenta previa.
Federally Funded Research on Placenta Previa The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to placenta previa. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to placenta previa. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore placenta previa.
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3
Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text 2
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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with placenta previa, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for placenta previa (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •
A second look at expectant management of placenta previa. Author(s): Semmens JP. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1968 October; 44(4): 207-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5682604
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Abruptio placentae and placenta previa: frequency, perinatal mortality, and cigarette smoking. Author(s): Naeye RL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1980 June; 55(6): 701-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7383456
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Abruption and premature separation of placenta previa. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM, Schachter A, Neri A. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1982 March; 13(2): 75-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7084550
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Acta sixty years ago. Vaginal cesarean section in cases of placenta previa. Author(s): Bergsjo P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1991; 70(3): 181-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1927292
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Antepartum diagnosis of placenta previa percreta by magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Thorp JM Jr, Councell RB, Sandridge DA, Wiest HH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1992 September; 80(3 Pt 2): 506-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1495723
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Anticipation of uterine bleeding in placenta previa based on vaginal sonographic evaluation. Author(s): Saitoh M, Ishihara K, Sekiya T, Araki T. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2002; 54(1): 37-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12297716
journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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Association between maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and adverse outcomes in pregnancies with placenta previa. Author(s): Butler EL, Dashe JS, Ramus RM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 January; 97(1): 35-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11152903
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Association of vasa previa at delivery with a history of second-trimester placenta previa. Author(s): Francois K, Mayer S, Harris C, Perlow JH. Source: J Reprod Med. 2003 October; 48(10): 771-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14619643
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Augmentation cystoplasty after cesarean hysterectomy for placenta previa-percreta. Author(s): Bakri YN, Sundin T, Mansi M, Petterson B. Source: S D J Med. 1995 April; 48(4): 121-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7747172
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Auto-donation in the management of placenta previa and erythroblastosis in a pregnancy complicated by Gerbich iso-immunization. Author(s): Peddle LJ, Josephson JE, Lawton A. Source: Vox Sanguinis. 1970 June; 18(6): 547-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5512305
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Autologous blood donation with placenta previa: is it feasible? Author(s): Dinsmoor MJ, Hogg BB. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1995 November; 12(6): 382-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8579645
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Autologous blood transfusion for the patient with placenta previa complicated by placenta increta: a case report. Author(s): Kuromaki K, Takeda S, Seki H, Kinoshita K, Maeda H, Hitomi Y. Source: Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994 June; 20(2): 155-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8092960
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Bipolar version in the management of hemorrhage from placenta previa? Author(s): Pirnazar R, Iffy L. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 September; 42(3): 480-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4541965
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Cervical cerclage for the temporary treatment of patients with placenta previa. Author(s): Arias F. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 April; 71(4): 545-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3353045
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Cervical cerclage for the treatment of patients with placenta previa. Author(s): Tessarolo M, Bellino R, Arduino S, Leo L, Wierdis T, Lanza A. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 23(3): 184-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8894331
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Cervical cerclage: an alternative for the management of placenta previa? Author(s): Cobo E, Conde-Agudelo A, Delgado J, Canaval H, Congote A. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 July; 179(1): 122-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9704776
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Cesarean section by transfundal approach for placenta previa percreta attached to anterior uterine wall in a woman with a previous repeat cesarean section: case report. Author(s): Ogawa M, Sato A, Yasuda K, Shimizu D, Hosoya N, Tanaka T. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 January; 83(1): 115-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14678097
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Characteristics of patients with placenta previa and results of “expectant management”. Author(s): Brenner WE, Edelman DA, Hendricks CH. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1978 September 15; 132(2): 18091. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=686107
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Cigarette smoking during pregnancy in relation to placenta previa. Author(s): Williams MA, Mittendorf R, Lieberman E, Monson RR, Schoenbaum SC, Genest DR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 July; 165(1): 28-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1853910
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Clinical risk factors for placenta previa-placenta accreta. Author(s): Miller DA, Chollet JA, Goodwin TM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 July; 177(1): 210-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9240608
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Clinical significance of placenta previa detected at early routine transvaginal scan. Author(s): Rosati P, Guariglia L. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2000 August; 19(8): 581-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10944045
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Coexisting hydatidiform mole with a live fetus presenting as a placenta previa on ultrasound. Author(s): Yee B, Tu B, Platt LD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982 November 15; 144(6): 7268. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7137260
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Comment to a case report in this issue of Acta regarding placenta previa percreta. Author(s): Marcickiewicz J. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 January; 83(1): 4-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14678079
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Comment: Tocolysis in placenta previa. Author(s): Celayeta MA. Source: Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1988 October; 22(10): 828. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3229357
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Comparison of neonatal outcome including cerebral palsy between abruptio placentae and placenta previa. Author(s): Matsuda Y, Maeda T, Kouno S. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 February 10; 106(2): 125-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12551776
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Confirming the safety of transvaginal sonography in patients suspected of placenta previa. Author(s): Timor-Tritsch IE, Yunis RA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 May; 81(5 ( Pt 1)): 742-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8469465
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Conservative management of placenta previa: a cost-benefit analysis. Author(s): D'Angelo LJ, Irwin LF. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 June 1; 149(3): 320-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6731509
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Couvelaire uterus and placenta previa. Author(s): Kalstone CE. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1969 October 15; 105(4): 638-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5824888
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Cystotomy for placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion. Author(s): Bakri YN, Sundin T. Source: Urology. 1992 December; 40(6): 580. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1466116
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Delayed paradoxical air embolism following caesarian section for placenta previa--a case history. Author(s): Cluroe AD. Source: Pathology. 1994 April; 26(2): 209-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8090595
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Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonographic screening at 12-16 weeks in a nonselected population. Author(s): Taipale P, Hiilesmaa V, Ylostalo P. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 March; 89(3): 364-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9052586
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Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonography. Author(s): Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A. Source: Annals of Medicine. 1993 June; 25(3): 279-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8333928
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Diagnosis of placenta previa by ultrasonography: a review at Ramathibodi Hospital. Author(s): Jirapinyo M, Ajjimakorn S. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1990 February; 73 Suppl 1: 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2191069
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Diagnosis of placenta previa during the third trimester: role of transperineal sonography. Author(s): Hertzberg BS, Bowie JD, Carroll BA, Kliewer MA, Weber TM. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1992 July; 159(1): 83-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1609727
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Direct placentography for placenta previa accreta. Report of a case. Author(s): Margolies LN, Fields H, Daughtridge TG. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1966 May; 27(5): 724-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5949197
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Early diagnosis of placenta previa. Author(s): Wexler P, Gottesfeld KR. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 August; 54(2): 231-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=460759
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Early placenta previa and delivery outcome. Author(s): Comeau J, Shaw L, Marcell CC, Lavery JP. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 May; 61(5): 577-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6601250
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Emergency postpartum hysterectomy in women with placenta previa and prior cesarean section. Author(s): Yaegashi N, Chiba-Sekii A, Okamura K. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 January; 68(1): 49-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10687838
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Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. Author(s): Faiz AS, Ananth CV. Source: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003 March;13(3):175-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12820840
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Expectant management of placenta previa: cost-benefit analysis of outpatient treatment. Author(s): Droste S, Keil K. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 May; 170(5 Pt 1): 1254-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8178847
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Extra-amniotic blood clot simulating placenta previa on ultrasound scan. Author(s): Williams CH, VanBergen WS, Prentice RL. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1977 February; 5(1): 45-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=402395
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Factor V deficiency in pregnancy complicated by Rh immunization and placenta previa. A case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Noia G, De Carolis S, De Stefano V, Ferrazzani S, De Santis L, Carducci B, De Santis M, Caruso A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1997 October; 76(9): 890-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9351421
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False placenta previa: a clinical observation. Author(s): Lees RF, Teates CD. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1978 February; 6(1): 44-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=416048
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Feasibility of autologous blood donation in patients with placenta previa. Author(s): Toedt ME. Source: The Journal of Family Practice. 1999 March; 48(3): 219-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10086766
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Fetal morbidity following potentially anoxigenic obstetric conditions. II. Placenta previa. Author(s): Niswander KR, Friedman EA, Hoover DB, Pietrowski H, Westphal M. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1966 July 15; 95(6): 846-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5949674
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Fetal umbilical velocimetry for the surveillance of pregnancies complicated by placenta previa. Author(s): Brar HS, Platt LD, DeVore GR, Horenstein J. Source: J Reprod Med. 1988 September; 33(9): 741-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3050077
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First-trimester diagnosis of placenta previa percreta by magnetic resonance imaging. Author(s): Thorp JM Jr, Wells SR, Wiest HH, Jeffries L, Lyles E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 March; 178(3): 616-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9539538
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High frequency of cesarean section, antepartum hemorrhage, placenta previa, and preterm delivery in in-vitro fertilization twin pregnancies. Author(s): Smithers PR, Halliday J, Hale L, Talbot JM, Breheny S, Healy D. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2003 September; 80(3): 666-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12969724
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High incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants born to mothers with placenta previa. Author(s): Bekku S, Mitsuda N, Ogita K, Suehara N, Fujimura M, Aono T. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 2000 March-April; 9(2): 110-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10902824
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Histopathological study of placental bed biopsy in placenta previa. Author(s): Biswas R, Sawhney H, Dass R, Saran RK, Vasishta K. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1999 March; 78(3): 173-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10078576
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Impact of placenta previa on intrauterine fetal growth. Author(s): Neri A, Gorodesky I, Bahary C, Ovadia Y. Source: Isr J Med Sci. 1980 June; 16(6): 429-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7399874
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Incidence of placenta previa and abruptio placentae in New York State. Author(s): Hemminki E, Glebatis DM, Therriault GD, Janerich DT. Source: N Y State J Med. 1987 November; 87(11): 594-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3480460
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Increased risk of placenta previa among women of Asian origin. Author(s): Taylor VM, Peacock S, Kramer MD, Vaughan TL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 November; 86(5): 805-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7566853
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Increasing maternal age as a determinant of placenta previa. More important than increasing parity? Author(s): Williams MA, Mittendorf R. Source: J Reprod Med. 1993 June; 38(6): 425-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8331620
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Induced abortion and placenta previa. Author(s): Fribourg S. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982 August 1; 143(7): 850. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7102754
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Induced abortion: a risk factor for placenta previa. Author(s): Barrett JM, Boehm FH, Killam AP. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1981 December 1; 141(7): 76972. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7315904
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Interrupted circular suture: bleeding control during cesarean delivery in placenta previa accreta. Author(s): Cho JY, Kim SJ, Cha KY, Kay CW, Kim MI, Cha KS. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 November; 78(5 Pt 1): 876-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1923215
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Is it really a placenta previa? Author(s): Farine D, Fox HE, Jakobson S, Timor-Tritsch IE. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1989 May; 31(2): 103-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2668057
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Is placenta previa a determinant of preeclampsia? Author(s): Jelsema RD, Bhatia RK, Zador IE, Bottoms SF, Sokol RJ. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 1991; 19(6): 485-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1815042
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Is placenta previa more common in multiple gestations? Author(s): Francois K, Johnson JM, Harris C. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 188(5): 1226-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12748486
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Late midtrimester pregnancy termination in the presence of placenta previa. Author(s): Halperin R, Vaknin Z, Langer R, Bukovsky I, Schneider D. Source: J Reprod Med. 2003 March; 48(3): 175-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12698775
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Legal abortion and placenta previa. Author(s): Grimes DA, Techman T. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 July 1; 149(5): 501-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6742018
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Lethal air embolism during cesarean delivery for placenta previa. Author(s): Kostash MA, Mensink F. Source: Anesthesiology. 2002 March; 96(3): 753-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11873053
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Magnesium sulfate tocolysis in selected patients with symptomatic placenta previa. Author(s): Watson WJ, Cefalo RC. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1990 July; 7(3): 251-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2372332
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Magnetic resonance imaging and placenta previa. Author(s): Powell MC, Buckley J, Price H, Worthington BS, Symonds EM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986 March; 154(3): 565-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3513585
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Management of placenta previa. Author(s): Semchyshyn S, Chervenak D. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985 March 1; 151(5): 701. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3976769
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Management of previous caesarean section presented with placenta previa. Author(s): Piya-Anant M. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1987 December; 70(12): 673-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3430094
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Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Author(s): Wing DA, Paul RH, Millar LK. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 October; 175(4 Pt 1): 80611. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8885726
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Massive obstetric hemorrhage due to placenta previa/accreta with prior cesarean section. Author(s): Manyonda IT, Varma TR. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1991 February; 34(2): 183-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1671376
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Maternal age and placenta previa: a population-based, case-control study. Author(s): Zhang J, Savitz DA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 February; 168(2): 641-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8438945
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Maternal and perinatal morbidity resulting from placenta previa. Author(s): McShane PM, Heyl PS, Epstein MF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985 February; 65(2): 176-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4038547
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Maternal cigarette smoking and placenta previa. Author(s): Chelmow D, Andrew DE, Baker ER. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 May; 87(5 Pt 1): 703-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8677070
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Maternal cigarette smoking as a risk factor for placental abruption, placenta previa, and uterine bleeding in pregnancy. Author(s): Ananth CV, Savitz DA, Luther ER. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1996 November 1; 144(9): 881-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8890666
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Maternal complications with placenta previa. Author(s): Crane JM, Van den Hof MC, Dodds L, Armson BA, Liston R. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 2000; 17(2): 101-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11023169
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Maternal serum second trimester AFP and hCG in pregnancies with placenta previa. Author(s): Heikkila A, Heinonen S, Kirkinen P. Source: Prenatal Diagnosis. 2000 February; 20(2): 100-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10694682
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Maternal smoking and placenta previa. Author(s): Kramer MD, Taylor V, Hickok DE, Daling JR, Vaughan TL, Hollenbach KA. Source: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 1991 May; 2(3): 221-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2054407
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Midtrimester placenta previa: normal or pathologic finding. Author(s): Ballas S, Gitstein S, Jaffa AJ, Peyser MR. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 July; 54(1): 12-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=450354
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Migrating placenta previa. Author(s): Powers JS, Hill JM. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1976 November; 69(11): 1505-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1019654
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Modified cesarean hysterectomy for placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion: retrovesical lower uterine segment bypass. Author(s): Pelosi MA 3rd, Pelosi MA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 May; 93(5 Pt 2): 830-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10912411
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Natural history of placenta previa ascertained by diagnostic ultrasound. Author(s): Rizos N, Doran TA, Miskin M, Benzie RJ, Ford JA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 February 1; 133(3): 287-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=433989
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Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa. Author(s): Crane JM, van den Hof MC, Dodds L, Armson BA, Liston R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 April; 93(4): 541-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10214830
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Nursing care in placenta previa and abruptio placentae. Author(s): Kilker RC, Wilkerson B. Source: Nurs Clin North Am. 1973 September; 8(3): 479-87. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4489864
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Nursing decisions: experiences in clinical problem solving - an occurrence of placenta previa. Author(s): de Tornyay R, Rogers EM. Source: Rn. 1976 April; 39(4): 43-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1045440
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Obstetric history and the risk of placenta previa. Author(s): Rasmussen S, Albrechtsen S, Dalaker K. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2000 June; 79(6): 502-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10857876
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Obstetric risk factors associated with placenta previa development: case-control study. Author(s): Tuzovic L, Djelmis J, Ilijic M. Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2003 December; 44(6): 728-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14652887
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Obstetrical hysterectomy and placenta previa/accreta: three bladder injury case reports. Author(s): Chung CL, Cheng PJ, Liang CC, Chang FH, Lee JD, Soong YK. Source: Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997 March; 20(1): 44-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9178593
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Occult infiltrating placenta previa percreta: an unusual case highlighting the management problems in a young patient. Author(s): Ruparelia BA, Chapman MG. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1988 October; 27(2): 285-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2903098
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One or multiple previous cesarean sections are associated with similar increased frequency of placenta previa. Author(s): Hershkowitz R, Fraser D, Mazor M, Leiberman JR. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1995 October; 62(2): 185-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8582493
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Packing of lower uterine segment for control of postcesarean bleeding in instances of placenta previa. Author(s): Druzin ML. Source: Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1989 December; 169(6): 543-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2814771
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Panel discussion: Placenta previa. Isotope placental localization. Author(s): Kretzschmar RM. Source: J Iowa Med Soc. 1965 November; 55(11): 628-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5838218
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Panel discussion: Placenta previa. Posterior placenta. Author(s): Dunn LJ. Source: J Iowa Med Soc. 1965 November; 55(11): 629-31. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5838219
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Panel discussion: Placenta previa. Use of radiographic technics. Author(s): Behlke FM. Source: J Iowa Med Soc. 1965 November; 55(11): 626-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5838217
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Panel discussion: Placenta previa. What can be done to reduce perinatal mortality? Author(s): Nesbitt RE Jr. Source: J Iowa Med Soc. 1965 November; 55(11): 631-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5838220
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Persistence of placenta previa according to gestational age at ultrasound detection. Author(s): Dashe JS, McIntire DD, Ramus RM, Santos-Ramos R, Twickler DM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 May; 99(5 Pt 1): 692-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11978274
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Placenta accreta: prospective sonographic diagnosis in patients with placenta previa and prior cesarean section. Author(s): Finberg HJ, Williams JW. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1992 July; 11(7): 333-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1522623
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Placenta previa accreta membranacea. Author(s): Bukovsky I, Hirsch H. Source: Int Surg. 1971 December; 56(6): 422-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5129716
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Placenta previa accreta with cervical involvement causing tenacious postpartum hemorrhage: a case report. Author(s): Wang PH, Chao HT, Yuan CC, Linn JJ, Yen MS. Source: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1998 February; 61(2): 116-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9532875
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Placenta previa accreta. Author(s): Bartzen PJ, Jurgens GL. Source: Minn Med. 1970 May; 53(5): 537-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5419586
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Placenta previa accreta. Author(s): Kistner RW, Friesen RF. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1968 March 1; 100(5): 727-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5689022
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Placenta previa accreta. A report of 9 cases. Author(s): Ochshorn A, David MP, Soferman N. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1969 May; 33(5): 677-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5778447
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Placenta previa and antepartum hemorrhage after previous cesarean section. Author(s): Nielsen TF, Hagberg H, Ljungblad U. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1989; 27(2): 88-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2731774
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Placenta previa and congenital cardiac anomalies. Author(s): Neri A, Manor Y, Matityahu A, Blieden L. Source: Fetal Ther. 1989; 4(2-3): 138-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2486886
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Placenta previa and fetal growth. Author(s): Gabert HA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1971 September; 38(3): 403-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5094320
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Placenta previa and placental localization. Author(s): Semmens JP. Source: Am Fam Physician Gp. 1970 September; 2(3): 72-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5271154
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Placenta previa and preeclampsia complicating the management of renal transplant patients. Author(s): Perry CP, Collins CB, Lordon RE, Thompson AL, Brekken AL, Harris RE. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1976 June; 69(6): 719-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=779039
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Placenta previa and previous cesarean section. Author(s): To WW, Leung WC. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1995 October; 51(1): 25-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8582514
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Placenta previa and previous cesarean section. Author(s): Singh PM, Rodrigues C, Gupta AN. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1981; 60(4): 367-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7282301
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Placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery: how strong is the association? Author(s): Taylor VM, Kramer MD, Vaughan TL, Peacock S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 July; 84(1): 55-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8008323
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Placenta previa and vasa previa: time to leave the Dark Ages. Author(s): Oyelese Y. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 August; 18(2): 96-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11529985
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Placenta previa followed by total placental abruption. Author(s): Remer HI. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1980 October; 80(2): 146-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7429899
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Placenta previa in association with an incompetent cervix. Author(s): Ringrose CA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1976 March 15; 124(6): 659. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1258919
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Placenta previa in singleton and twin births in the United States, 1989 through 1998: a comparison of risk factor profiles and associated conditions. Author(s): Ananth CV, Demissie K, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 January; 188(1): 275-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12548229
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Placenta previa in twin gestations. Author(s): Strong TH Jr, Brar HS. Source: J Reprod Med. 1989 June; 34(6): 415-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2661815
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Placenta previa increta diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. Report of a case with sonographic and pathologic correlation. Author(s): Wheeler TC, Anderson TL, Kelly J, Boehm FH. Source: J Reprod Med. 1996 March; 41(3): 198-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8778422
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Placenta previa increta penetrating the entire thickness of the uterine myometrium: ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Author(s): Ito T, Katagiri C, Ikeno S, Takahashi H, Nagata N, Terakawa N. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1999 October; 25(5): 303-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10533323
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Placenta previa increta. Author(s): Bower JF, Loughrey J. Source: Pa Med. 1966 August; 69(8): 54-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5950006
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Placenta previa is not an independent risk factor for a small for gestational age infant. Author(s): Wolf EJ, Mallozzi A, Rodis JF, Egan JF, Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 May; 77(5): 707-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2014083
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Placenta previa of a succenturiate lobe: a report of two cases. Author(s): Shukunami K, Tsunezawa W, Hosokawa K, Tajima K, Kotsuji F. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 December 1; 99(2): 276-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11788189
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Placenta previa percreta involving the left broad ligament and cervix. A case report. Author(s): Lin CC, Adamczyk CJ, Montag AG, Zelop CM, Snow JC. Source: J Reprod Med. 1998 September; 43(9): 839-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9777627
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Placenta previa percreta involving the urinary bladder: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Price FV, Resnik E, Heller KA, Christopherson WA. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 September; 78(3 Pt 2): 508-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1870810
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Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion presenting as incarcerated hernia. Author(s): Smith CS, Ferrara LP. Source: Urology. 1992 April; 39(4): 371-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1557850
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Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion. Author(s): Leaphart WL, Schapiro H, Broome J, Welander CE, Bernstein IM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 May; 89(5 Pt 2): 834-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9166340
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Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion. Author(s): Collins ML, O'Brien P, Tabrah N. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1978 October 13; 240(16): 1749. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=691176
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Placenta previa percreta with bladder involvement. Author(s): Meehan FP, Casey C, Costello JN, Connolly CE. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1989 December; 44(12): 835-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2691941
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Placenta previa percreta with bladder involvement: new considerations and review of the literature. Author(s): Silver LE, Hobel CJ, Lagasse L, Luttrull JW, Platt LD. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 February; 9(2): 131-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9132257
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Placenta previa percreta with fetal survival. Author(s): Gribble RK, FitzSimmons JM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985 October 1; 153(3): 314-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3876771
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Placenta previa percreta with invasion of the bladder: report of a case. Author(s): Trenton WD. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1984 December; 84(4): 373-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6511518
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Placenta previa percreta with urinary bladder and ureter invasion. Author(s): Caliskan E, Tan O, Kurtaran V, Dilbaz B, Haberal A. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2003 October; 268(4): 343-4. Epub 2002 October 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14504885
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Placenta previa with focal accretion. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM, Holzinger M, Schachter A, Neri A. Source: Isr J Med Sci. 1982 February; 18(2): 277-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6978326
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Placenta previa with suspected accreta. Author(s): Craigo S. Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1997 February; 9(1): 71-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9090486
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Placenta previa, maternal smoking and recurrence risk. Author(s): Monica G, Lilja C. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1995 May; 74(5): 341-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7778424
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Placenta previa, placenta abruptio. Author(s): Baron F, Hill WC. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 September; 41(3): 527-32. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9742350
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Placenta previa. Author(s): Mabie WC. Source: Clin Perinatol. 1992 June; 19(2): 425-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1617885
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Placenta previa. Author(s): Lavery JP. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 September; 33(3): 414-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2225572
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Placenta previa. Author(s): Hibbard LT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1969 May 15; 104(2): 172-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5781891
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Placenta previa. Author(s): Hibrd LT. Source: Trans Pac Coast Obstet Gynecol Soc. 1968; 36: 14-26. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5735326
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Placenta previa. Author(s): Snyder JR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 December 15; 135(8): 1121. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=517601
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Placenta previa. A contraindication to the intrauterine injection of hypertonic saline solution. Author(s): Bahary C, Goldman J, Eckerling B. Source: Int Surg. 1970 April; 53(4): 304-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5418098
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Placenta previa. A functional classification and a report on 408 cases. Author(s): Tatum HJ, Mule JG. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1965 November 15; 93(6): 76776. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5891777
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Placenta previa. A possible solution to the associated high fetal mortality rate. Author(s): Nelson HB, Huston JE. Source: J Reprod Med. 1971 October; 7(4): 188-94. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5135915
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Placenta previa. Predisposing factors and effects on the fetus and surviving infants. Author(s): Naeye RL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1978 November; 52(5): 521-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=724168
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Placenta previa. The ultrasonographic placental localization and its influence on the mode of delivery. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Neri A, Haimovich L, Bahari CM. Source: J Reprod Med. 1982 October; 27(10): 655-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7175836
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Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Author(s): Clark SL, Koonings PP, Phelan JP. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985 July; 66(1): 89-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4011075
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Placenta previa: a 22-year analysis. Author(s): Frederiksen MC, Glassenberg R, Stika CS. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 June; 180(6 Pt 1): 1432-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10368483
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Placenta previa: a five-year study. Author(s): Anderle LJ. Source: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1966 June; 65(10): 1076-81. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5178521
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Placenta previa: a rare complication of midtrimester abortion by amnioinfusion. Author(s): Goldman JA, Lubin E, Halbrecht I. Source: Int Surg. 1973 October; 58(10): 707. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4742981
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Placenta previa: a survey of twenty years experience with improved perinatal survival by expectant therapy and cesarean delivery. Author(s): Crenshaw C Jr, Jones DE, Parker RT. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1973 July; 28(7): 461-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4548519
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Placenta previa: aggressive expectant management. Author(s): Silver R, Depp R, Sabbagha RE, Dooley SL, Socol ML, Tamura RK. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 September 1; 150(1): 15-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6476023
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Placenta previa: an analysis of three years experience. Author(s): Sauer M, Parsons M, Sampson M. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1985 January; 2(1): 39-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3986026
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Placenta previa: antepartum conservative management, inpatient versus outpatient. Author(s): Mouer JR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 June; 170(6): 1683-5; Discussion 1685-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8203426
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Placenta previa: avoiding false-negative diagnoses. Author(s): Laing FC. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1981 March; 9(3): 109-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6783681
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Placenta previa: does its type affect pregnancy outcome? Author(s): Dola CP, Garite TJ, Dowling DD, Friend D, Ahdoot D, Asrat T. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 2003 October; 20(7): 353-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14655091
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Placenta previa: effect of age, gravidity, parity and previous caesarean section. Author(s): Abu-Heija AT, El-Jallad F, Ziadeh S. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1999; 47(1): 6-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9852384
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Placenta previa: neonatal death after live births in the United States. Author(s): Salihu HM, Li Q, Rouse DJ, Alexander GR. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 188(5): 1305-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12748503
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Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome. Author(s): Sheiner E, Shoham-Vardi I, Hallak M, Hershkowitz R, Katz M, Mazor M. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 2001 December; 10(6): 414-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11798453
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Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. Author(s): Demissie K, Breckenridge MB, Joseph L, Rhoads GG. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999 May 1; 149(9): 824-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10221319
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Placenta previa: reappraisal and new therapeutic classification (HALO). Author(s): Smith JJ, Schinfeld J, Schulman H. Source: N Y State J Med. 1982 June; 82(7): 1037-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6955635
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Placenta previa: to rest in bed or not to rest, be normal or “play sick”? Author(s): Semchyshyn S. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 March; 172(3): 1067. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7892860
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Placenta previa--is the traditional diagnostic approach satisfactory? Author(s): Farine D, Peisner DB, Timor-Tritsch IE. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1990 May; 18(4): 328-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2161001
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Placenta previa-percreta: magnetic resonance imaging findings and methotrexate therapy after hysterectomy. Author(s): Bakri YN, Rifai A, Legarth J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 July; 169(1): 213-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8333459
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Placenta previa--the identification of low- and high-risk subgroups. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Neri A, Bahary CM. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1985 September; 20(3): 133-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4054410
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Placental compressibility: implications for indirect diagnosis of posterior placenta previa. Author(s): Anderson NG, Wells SW, Allan RB. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1992 March; 79(3): 398-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1738523
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Postpartum conglutination of the lower uterine segment following a placenta previa: Asherman's syndrome revisited. Author(s): Burry KA, Veltman L. Source: J Reprod Med. 1980 January; 24(1): 48-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6965724
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Potential placenta previa: definition, frequency, and significance. Author(s): Gallagher P, Fagan CJ, Bedi DG, Winsett MZ, Reyes RN. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1987 November; 149(5): 1013-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3314427
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Pregnancy-induced hypertension and placenta previa: a racial and geographical perspective. Author(s): Wang JC, Hin LY, Ng KB. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 December; 67(3): 177-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10659902
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Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta by transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound. Author(s): Chou MM, Ho ES, Lee YH. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 January; 15(1): 28-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10776009
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Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta with power amplitude ultrasonic angiography. Author(s): Chou MM, Ho ES. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 December; 177(6): 1523-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9423762
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Prenatal sonographic diagnosis and management of a twin pregnancy with placenta previa and hemicardia. Author(s): Seeds JW, Herbert WN, Richards DS. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1987 October; 4(4): 313-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3307799
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Previous cesarean birth. A risk factor for placenta previa? Author(s): McMahon MJ, Li R, Schenck AP, Olshan AF, Royce RA. Source: J Reprod Med. 1997 July; 42(7): 409-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9252931
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Previous cesarean section and abortion as risk factors for developing placenta previa. Author(s): Hendricks MS, Chow YH, Bhagavath B, Singh K. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1999 April; 25(2): 137-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10379130
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Prolonged use of tocolytic agents in the expectant management of placenta previa. Author(s): Tomich PG. Source: J Reprod Med. 1985 October; 30(10): 745-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4067944
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Re: “Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth”. Author(s): James WH. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 July 15; 152(2): 195-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10909959
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Re: temporary balloon occlusion in the internal iliac arteries for control of hemorrhage during cesarean hysterectomy in a patient with placenta previa and placenta increta. Author(s): Bonn J. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 2001 January; 12(1): 1212. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11200346
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Recurrent placenta previa. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM, Schachter A, Neri A. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1981 June; 12(1): 7-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7195843
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Reduced frequency of hypertensive disorders in placenta previa. Author(s): Jelsema RD, Bhatia R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 July; 78(1): 159-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2047060
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Reduced frequency of hypertensive disorders in placenta previa. Author(s): Leiberman JR, Fraser D, Kasis A, Mazor M. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991 January; 77(1): 83-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1984232
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Reduction of perinatal mortality of placenta previa centralis by aggressive expectant management. Author(s): Liu DL. Source: Chinese Medical Journal. 1987 November; 100(11): 875-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3130226
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Relationship among placenta previa, fetal growth restriction, and preterm delivery: a population-based study. Author(s): Ananth CV, Demissie K, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 August; 98(2): 299-306. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11506849
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Relationship between pregnancy-induced hypertension and placenta previa: a population-based study. Author(s): Ananth CV, Bowes WA Jr, Savitz DA, Luther ER. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 November; 177(5): 9971002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9396882
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Relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy to placenta previa. Author(s): Zhang J, Fried DB. Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1992 September-October; 8(5): 278-82. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1419126
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Rh immunoglobulin use with placenta previa and abruptio placentae. Author(s): Grimes DA, Steele AO, Hatcher RA. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1983 June; 76(6): 743-5, 749. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6602383
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Risk factors and morbidity in patients with placenta previa accreta compared to placenta previa non-accreta. Author(s): Zaki ZM, Bahar AM, Ali ME, Albar HA, Gerais MA. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1998 April; 77(4): 391-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9598946
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Risk for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants born to mothers complicated by placenta previa. Author(s): Lin C, Wang S, Hsu Y, Lin Y, Yeh T, Chang F. Source: Early Human Development. 2001 January; 60(3): 215-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11146240
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Risks associated with cesarean sections in women with placenta previa. Author(s): Takayama T, Minakami H, Koike T, Watanabe T, Sato I. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1997 August; 23(4): 375-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9311180
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Ritodrine use in placenta previa. Author(s): Flowers WK. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1983 April; 75(4): 427-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6864823
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Role of attempted vaginal delivery in the management of placenta previa. Author(s): Chervenak FA, Lee Y, Hendler MA, Monoson RF, Berkowitz RL. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 December; 64(6): 798-801. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6504422
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Second trimester placenta previa. An apparently normal placentation. Author(s): Wexler P, Gottesfeld KR. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 December; 50(6): 706-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=563029
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Second trimester sonographically diagnosed placenta previa: prediction of persistent previa at birth. Author(s): Zelop CC, Bromley B, Frigoletto FD Jr, Benacerraf BR. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1994 March; 44(3): 207-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7909757
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Secondary sex ratio in man in connection with certain clinical forms of pathology of pregnancy (placenta previa, hemorrhages). Author(s): Golovachev GD. Source: Sov Genet. 1974 January 15; 7(10): 1355-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4274799
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Severe preeclampsia and postpartum eclampsia associated with placenta previa and cesarean and hysterectomy: a case report. Author(s): Cobo E, Canaval H, Fonseca J. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1994 July; 11(4): 288-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7945623
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Smoking, sex of the offspring, and risk of placental abruption, placenta previa, and preeclampsia: a population-based cohort study. Author(s): Mortensen JT, Thulstrup AM, Larsen H, Moller M, Sorensen HT. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 October; 80(10): 894-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11580733
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Sonographic appearance of tornado blood flow in placenta previa accreta/increta. Author(s): Chou MM, Tseng JJ, Hwang JI, Ho ES, Lee YH. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 April; 17(4): 362-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11339200
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Sonographic placental localization in the determination of the site of uterine incision for placenta previa. Author(s): Boehm FH, Fleischer AC, Barrett JM. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1982 October; 1(8): 311-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7166767
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Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. VI. Variant von Willebrand's disease complicating placenta previa. Author(s): Takahashi H. Source: Thrombosis Research. 1983 July 15; 31(2): 285-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6605595
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Sudden death following cesarean section for placenta previa and accreta. Author(s): Rashid AM, Moir CL, Butt JC. Source: The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology : Official Publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners. 1994 March; 15(1): 32-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8166112
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Temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries for control of hemorrhage during cesarean hysterectomy in a patient with placenta previa and placenta increta. Author(s): Weeks SM, Stroud TH, Sandhu J, Mauro MA, Jaques PF. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 2000 May; 11(5): 622-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10834494
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The application of three-dimensional color power Doppler ultrasound in the depiction of abnormal uteroplacental angioarchitecture in placenta previa percreta. Author(s): Chou MM, Tseng JJ, Ho ES. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 19(6): 625-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12047547
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The association between maternal cocaine use and placenta previa. Author(s): Macones GA, Sehdev HM, Parry S, Morgan MA, Berlin JA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 November; 177(5): 1097100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9396901
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The association of cigarette smoking with placenta previa and abruptio placentae. Author(s): Andres RL. Source: Semin Perinatol. 1996 April; 20(2): 154-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8857701
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The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a metaanalysis. Author(s): Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1997 November; 177(5): 1071-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9396896
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The conservative aggressive management of placenta previa. Author(s): Cotton DB, Read JA, Paul RH, Quilligan EJ. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1980 July 15; 137(6): 687-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7395932
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The effect of placenta previa localization upon maternal and fetal-neonatal outcome. Author(s): Gorodeski IG, Bahari CM. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 1987; 15(2): 169-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3656049
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The effect of placenta previa on blood loss in second-trimester pregnancy termination. Author(s): Thomas AG, Alvarez M, Friedman F Jr, Brodman ML, Kim J, Lockwood C. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 July; 84(1): 58-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8008324
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The effect of placenta previa on neonatal mortality: a population-based study in the United States, 1989 through 1997. Author(s): Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 May; 188(5): 1299-304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12748502
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The effect of tocolytic use in the management of symptomatic placenta previa. Author(s): Besinger RE, Moniak CW, Paskiewicz LS, Fisher SG, Tomich PG. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 June; 172(6): 1770-5; Discussion 1775-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7778631
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•
The epidemiology and clinical history of asymptomatic midtrimester placenta previa. Author(s): Newton ER, Barss V, Cetrulo CL. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 March 15; 148(6): 743-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6702943
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The epidemiology of placenta previa in the United States, 1979 through 1987. Author(s): Iyasu S, Saftlas AK, Rowley DL, Koonin LM, Lawson HW, Atrash HK. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 May; 168(5): 1424-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8498422
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The impact of placenta previa on survivorship of offspring to four years of age. Author(s): Schlesinger ER, Mazundar SM, Logrillo VM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 July 1; 116(5): 657-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4713128
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The likelihood of placenta previa with greater number of cesarean deliveries and higher parity. Author(s): Gilliam M, Rosenberg D, Davis F. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 99(6): 976-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12052584
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The mid-trimester placenta previa: a prospective follow-up. Author(s): Ancona S, Chatterjee M, Rhee I, Sicurenza B. Source: European Journal of Radiology. 1990 May-June; 10(3): 215-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2192886
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The relationship between exposure during pregnancy to cigarette smoking and cocaine use and placenta previa. Author(s): Handler AS, Mason ED, Rosenberg DL, Davis FG. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 March; 170(3): 884-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8141221
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The relationship of placenta previa and history of induced abortion. Author(s): Johnson LG, Mueller BA, Daling JR. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2003 May; 81(2): 191-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12706277
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The relevance of placental location at 20-23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. Author(s): Becker RH, Vonk R, Mende BC, Ragosch V, Entezami M. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 June; 17(6): 496-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11422970
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The use of second-trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa. Author(s): Lauria MR, Smith RS, Treadwell MC, Comstock CH, Kirk JS, Lee W, Bottoms SF. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 November; 8(5): 337-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8978009
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Third-trimester transvaginal ultrasonography in placenta previa: does the shape of the lower placental edge predict clinical outcome? Author(s): Ghourab S. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 August; 18(2): 103-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11529987
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Three-dimensional color power Doppler imaging in the assessment of uteroplacental neovascularization in placenta previa increta/percreta. Author(s): Chou MM, Tseng JJ, Ho ES, Hwang JI. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 November; 185(5): 125760. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11717667
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Tocolysis with terbutaline sulfate in patients with placenta previa complicated by premature labor. Author(s): Sampson MB, Lastres O, Tomasi AM, Thomason JL, Work BA Jr. Source: J Reprod Med. 1984 April; 29(4): 248-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6716368
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Translabial ultrasonography and placenta previa: does measurement of the osplacenta distance predict outcome? Author(s): Dawson WB, Dumas MD, Romano WM, Gagnon R, Gratton RJ, Mowbray RD. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1996 June; 15(6): 441-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8738988
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Transperineal sonography in the diagnosis of placenta previa. Author(s): Zilianti M. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1994 May; 162(5): 1251-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8166027
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Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of first-trimester placenta previa. Author(s): Hill LM, DiNofrio DM, Chenevey P. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 May; 5(5): 301-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7614132
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Transvaginal ultrasonography at 18-23 weeks in predicting placenta previa at delivery. Author(s): Taipale P, Hiilesmaa V, Ylostalo P. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 December; 12(6): 422-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9918091
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Transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting placenta previa at delivery: a longitudinal study. Author(s): Mustafa SA, Brizot ML, Carvalho MH, Watanabe L, Kahhale S, Zugaib M. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 October; 20(4): 356-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12383317
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Ultrasonic diagnosis of low implantation preceding placenta previa. Author(s): Horger EO 3rd, Kreutner AK, Underwood PB. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1974 December 15; 120(8): 111921. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4432903
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Ultrasonic diagnosis of placenta previa. Author(s): Scheer K. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 November; 42(5): 707-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4749574
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Ultrasonic diagnosis of placenta previa: value of a postvoid scan. Author(s): Williamson D, Bjorgen J, Baier B, Worman M. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1978 February; 6(1): 58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=416054
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Ultrasound in diagnosis and management of placenta previa at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1970-72 and 1981-82. Author(s): Frieden FJ. Source: The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York. 1987 September; 54(6): 529-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3317022
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Usefulness of coagulation studies and blood banking in patients with symptomatic placenta previa. Author(s): Wing DA, Paul RH, Millar LK. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 1997 November; 14(10): 601-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9605245
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Uterine tamponade-drain for hemorrhage secondary to placenta previa-accreta. Author(s): Bakri YN. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1992 April; 37(4): 302-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1350550
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Vaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of placenta previa. Author(s): Farine D, Fox HE, Jakobson S, Timor-Tritsch IE. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 September; 159(3): 566-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3048096
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Waiting for something to happen: hospitalization with placenta previa. Author(s): Katz A. Source: Birth (Berkeley, Calif.). 2001 September; 28(3): 186-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11552967
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CHAPTER 2. BOOKS ON PLACENTA PREVIA Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to placenta previa. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on placenta previa include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.
Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on placenta previa: •
Beginning Again. SIDS Families Share Their Hopes Dreams Fears and Joy Source: Escondido, CA: Beachcomber Press. 1995. 86 pp. Contact: Available from Beachcomber Press, P.O. Box 300578, Escondido, CA 920300578. (760) 747-4429,
[email protected] (E-mail). $10.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling. ISBN 0-9630341-1-1. Summary: This book is based on the results of a survey of over 100 families who experienced a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) death and went on to have another child. The time span between the babies' death and the next pregnancy ranged from 1 month to 3 years, although most of the mothers were pregnant within a year. Part 1 describes the anguish that parents went through after the death of their baby and their longing to have another child; the disagreements that many couples had over this issue; how talking about another pregnancy with family and friends was a part of the
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decisionmaking process; and how discussions with the family's pediatrician about the death and subsequent pregnancy could be comforting or disturbing. Part 2 presents the feelings of worry and anxiety that accompanied the subsequent pregnancy and the problems that a few of the mothers had during this time. These problems included placenta previa, premature labor, gestational diabetes, and miscarriage. Part 2 also reports on how the surviving siblings reacted to the death, and on parents' dreams about the death. Part 3 reveals the joy and worry that parents experienced at the arrival of the subsequent child, their tendency to 'overprotect' this child, their experience with home monitoring, and older siblings' reactions to the new baby. Seven years after the survey the author sent a followup letter to as many parents as she could contact. Part 4, the result of this followup, is a compilation of comments from parents on the special qualities of their subsequent child/children and how the fear of SIDS altered their way of raising them. Quotes from parents on their feelings and experiences appear throughout the book. The original questionnaire is included.
Chapters on Placenta Previa In order to find chapters that specifically relate to placenta previa, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and placenta previa using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box.
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CHAPTER 3. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON PLACENTA PREVIA Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover placenta previa.
News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on placenta previa is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to placenta previa. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “placenta previa” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for placenta previa: •
Prior Cesarean delivery increases placenta previa risk Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 31, 2002
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•
High midgestation AFP linked to adverse outcomes in pregnancies with placenta previa Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 08, 2001
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Link Between History Of C-Section And Abortion and Risk Of Placenta Previa Identified Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 30, 1997
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Multiparous Women With History of Cesarean Birth At Risk Of Placenta Previa In Subsequent Births Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 12, 1997
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Asian-American Women At High Risk Of Placenta Previa Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 09, 1995 The NIH
Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in
Periodicals and News
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“placenta previa” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to placenta previa, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “placenta previa” (or synonyms).
Academic Periodicals covering Placenta Previa Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to placenta previa. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering placenta previa that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”
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CHAPTER 4. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.
U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for placenta previa. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI Advice for the Patient can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with placenta previa. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.). The
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following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to placenta previa: Oxytocin •
Systemic - U.S. Brands: Pitocin; Syntocinon http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202434.html
Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.
Mosby’s Drug Consult Mosby’s Drug Consult database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/. PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.
NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute4: •
Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm
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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/
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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html
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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25
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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm
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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375
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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/
4
These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.
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•
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/
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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm
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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm
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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm
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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm
•
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm
•
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm
•
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html
•
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm
•
Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp
•
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/
•
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp
•
Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html
•
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm
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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.5 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:6 •
Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html
•
HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html
•
NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html
•
Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
•
Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html
•
Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html
•
Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/
•
Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html
•
Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html
•
Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html
•
MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html
Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 6 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 5
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•
Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html
•
Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway7
The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.8 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total
Items Found 2300 88 43 10 1260 3701
HSTAT9 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.10 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.11 Simply search by “placenta previa” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.
Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 9 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 10 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 11 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 7 8
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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists12 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.13 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.14 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.
Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •
CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.
•
Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.
Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 14 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 12
13
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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on placenta previa can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.
Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to placenta previa. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to placenta previa. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “placenta previa”:
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Cerebral Palsy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cerebralpalsy.html High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html Preeclampsia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/preeclampsia.html Salmonella Infections http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/salmonellainfections.html Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to placenta previa. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •
AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats
•
Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm
•
Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/
•
Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html
•
Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/
•
Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/
•
WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics
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Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to placenta previa. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with placenta previa. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about placenta previa. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “placenta previa” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “placenta previa”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “placenta previa” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.
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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “placenta previa” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”
57
APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.
Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.15
Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.
Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of
15
Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.
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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)16: •
Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/
•
Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)
•
Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm
•
California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html
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California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html
•
California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html
•
California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)
•
California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/
•
California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp
•
California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html
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California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/
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California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/
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California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/
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California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html
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California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/
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Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/
•
Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/
•
Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/
16
Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.
Finding Medical Libraries 59
•
Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml
•
Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm
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Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html
•
Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm
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Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp
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Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/
•
Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm
•
Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html
•
Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/
•
Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm
•
Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/
•
Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/
•
Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/
•
Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm
•
Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html
•
Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm
•
Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/
•
Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/
•
Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10
•
Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/
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•
Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html
•
Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp
•
Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp
•
Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/
•
Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html
•
Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm
•
Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp
•
Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/
•
Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html
•
Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/
•
Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm
•
Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/
•
Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html
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Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm
•
Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330
•
Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)
•
National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html
•
National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/
•
National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/
Finding Medical Libraries 61
•
Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm
•
New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/
•
New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm
•
New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm
•
New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/
•
New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html
•
New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/
•
New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html
•
New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/
•
Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm
•
Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp
•
Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/
•
Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/
•
Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml
•
Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html
•
Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html
•
Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml
•
Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp
•
Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm
•
Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/
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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp
•
Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/
•
Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/
•
Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72
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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •
ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html
•
MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp
•
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/
•
Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html
•
On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/
•
Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp
•
Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm
Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on placenta previa: •
Basic Guidelines for Placenta Previa Placenta previa Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000900.htm Premature separation of placenta Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000901.htm
•
Signs & Symptoms for Placenta Previa Abnormal uterine bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003156.htm Maternal blood loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003264.htm Spotting Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003156.htm
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Vaginal bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003156.htm Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003264.htm •
Diagnostics and Tests for Placenta Previa Abdominal ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003777.htm Cord blood Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003403.htm Fibrin degradation products Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003655.htm Fibrinogen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003650.htm Hematocrit Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003646.htm Platelet count Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003647.htm PT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003652.htm PTT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003653.htm Ultrasound Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003336.htm
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Surgery and Procedures for Placenta Previa Cesarean section Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002911.htm C-section Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002911.htm
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Background Topics for Placenta Previa Blood loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Cervix Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002317.htm
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Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm Shock Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm Vagina Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002342.htm
Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •
Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical
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MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html
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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/
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Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine
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PLACENTA PREVIA DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abortion: 1. The premature expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception - of the embryo, or of a nonviable fetus. The four classic symptoms, usually present in each type of abortion, are uterine contractions, uterine haemorrhage, softening and dilatation of the cervix, and presentation or expulsion of all or part of the products of conception. 2. Premature stoppage of a natural or a pathological process. [EU] Abruptio Placentae: Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta. [NIH] Adrenergic: Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or substances with similar activity; the term is applied to those nerve fibres that liberate norepinephrine at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes, i.e., the sympathetic fibres. [EU] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Air Embolism: Occurs when the lungs over expand to the point that air bubbles are forced through the air sacs of the lungs into the circulatory system. [NIH] Air Sacs: Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alpha-fetoprotein: AFP. A protein normally produced by a developing fetus. AFP levels are usually undetectable in the blood of healthy nonpregnant adults. An elevated level of AFP suggests the presence of either a primary liver cancer or germ cell tumor. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amniotic Fluid: Amniotic cavity fluid which is produced by the amnion and fetal lungs and kidneys. [NIH] Amphetamines: Analogs or derivatives of amphetamine. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopression, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation. [NIH] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign
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substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Anxiety: Persistent feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Balloon Occlusion: Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood transfusion: The administration of blood or blood products into a blood vessel. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and
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is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]
Broad Ligament: A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. [NIH] Bronchodilator: A drug that relaxes the smooth muscles in the constricted airway. [NIH] Bypass: A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Palsy: Refers to a motor disability caused by a brain dysfunction. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor of trophoblastic epithelium characterized by secretion of large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. It usually originates from chorionic products of conception (i.e., hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or following abortion), but can
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originate in a teratoma of the testis, mediastinum, or pineal gland. [NIH] Circulatory system: The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. The lymph system, which connects with the blood system, is often considered part of the circulatory system. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coagulation: 1. The process of clot formation. 2. In colloid chemistry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass; an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. 3. In surgery, the disruption of tissue by physical means to form an amorphous residuum, as in electrocoagulation and photocoagulation. [EU] Coca: Any of several South American shrubs of the Erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield cocaine; the leaves are chewed with alum for CNS stimulation. [NIH] Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contrast medium: A substance that is introduced into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radiographic visualization of the structure. [EU] Convulsions: A general term referring to sudden and often violent motor activity of cerebral or brainstem origin. Convulsions may also occur in the absence of an electrical cerebral discharge (e.g., in response to hypotension). [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cost-benefit: A quantitative technique of economic analysis which, when applied to
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radiation practice, compares the health detriment from the radiation doses concerned with the cost of radiation dose reduction in that practice. [NIH] Cost-Benefit Analysis: A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Decidua: The epithelial lining of the endometrium that is formed before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus. The fertilized ovum embeds in the decidua. If the ovum is not fertilized, the decidua is shed during menstruation. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Dilatation: The act of dilating. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Dreams: A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep which are dissociated from the usual stream of consciousness of the waking state. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Eclampsia: Onset of convulsions or coma in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient. [NIH]
Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Electrocoagulation: Electrosurgical procedures used to treat hemorrhage (e.g., bleeding ulcers) and to ablate tumors, mucosal lesions, and refractory arrhythmias. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryo Transfer: Removal of a mammalian embryo from one environment and replacement in the same or a new environment. The embryo is usually in the pre-nidation phase, i.e., a blastocyst. The process includes embryo or blastocyst transplantation or transfer after in vitro fertilization and transfer of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. It is not used for transfer of differentiated embryonic tissue, e.g., germ layer cells. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]
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Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fertilization in Vitro: Fertilization of an egg outside the body when the egg is normally fertilized in the body. [NIH] Fetoprotein: Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sac with a view to detecting increases of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal blood during pregnancy, as this is an important indicator of open neural tube defects in the fetus. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]
Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Gestational Age: Age of the conceptus. In humans, this may be assessed by medical history, physical examination, early immunologic pregnancy tests, radiography, ultrasonography, and amniotic fluid analysis. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grafting: The operation of transfer of tissue from one site to another. [NIH] Gravidity: Pregnancy; the condition of being pregnant, without regard to the outcome. [EU] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hernia: Protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. [NIH]
Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hydatidiform Mole: A trophoblastic disease characterized by hydrops of the mesenchymal portion of the villus. Its karyotype is paternal and usually homozygotic. The tumor is indistinguishable from chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole ( = hydatidiform mole, invasive) except by karyotype. There is no apparent relation by karyotype to choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform refers to the presence of the hydropic state of some or all of the villi (Greek hydatis, a drop of water). [NIH] Hypertension: Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Currently accepted threshold levels are 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure. [NIH] Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus. [NIH] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH]
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Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]
Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. [NIH] Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]
Karyotype: The characteristic chromosome complement of an individual, race, or species as defined by their number, size, shape, etc. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Kidney Pelvis: The flattened, funnel-shaped expansion connecting the ureter to the kidney calices. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]
Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver cancer: A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the liver. [NIH]
Lobe: A portion of an organ such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. [NIH] Localization: The process of determining or marking the location or site of a lesion or disease. May also refer to the process of keeping a lesion or disease in a specific location or site. [NIH] Longitudinal study: Also referred to as a "cohort study" or "prospective study"; the analytic method of epidemiologic study in which subsets of a defined population can be identified who are, have been, or in the future may be exposed or not exposed, or exposed in different degrees, to a factor or factors hypothesized to influence the probability of occurrence of a given disease or other outcome. The main feature of this type of study is to observe large
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numbers of subjects over an extended time, with comparisons of incidence rates in groups that differ in exposure levels. [NIH] Loop: A wire usually of platinum bent at one end into a small loop (usually 4 mm inside diameter) and used in transferring microorganisms. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]
Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microorganism: An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. Although viruses are not considered living organisms, they are sometimes classified as microorganisms. [NIH] Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Myometrium: The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU]
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Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Outpatient: A patient who is not an inmate of a hospital but receives diagnosis or treatment in a clinic or dispensary connected with the hospital. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Oxytocin: A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Paradoxical: Occurring at variance with the normal rule. [EU] Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with gravidity, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome. [NIH] Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Peritoneum: Endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum covering the inside of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering the bowel, the mesentery, and certain of the organs. The portion that covers the bowel becomes the serosal layer of the bowel wall. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Photocoagulation: Using a special strong beam of light (laser) to seal off bleeding blood vessels such as in the eye. The laser can also burn away blood vessels that should not have grown in the eye. This is the main treatment for diabetic retinopathy. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postpartum Hemorrhage: The presence of abnormal uterine bleeding immediately after labor or childbirth. [NIH]
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Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Preeclampsia: A toxaemia of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, when convulsions and coma are associated, it is called eclampsia. [EU] Pre-eclamptic: A syndrome characterized by hypertension, albuminuria, and generalized oedema, occurring only in pregnancy. [NIH] Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer or fertilization in vitro. [NIH] Pregnancy Tests: Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant. [NIH] Problem Solving: A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteinuria: The presence of protein in the urine, indicating that the kidneys are not working properly. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH]
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Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Reproduction Techniques: Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals. [NIH] Respiratory distress syndrome: A lung disease that occurs primarily in premature infants; the newborn must struggle for each breath and blueing of its skin reflects the baby's inability to get enough oxygen. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sex Ratio: The number of males per 100 females. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]
Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Spontaneous Abortion: The non-induced birth of an embryo or of fetus prior to the stage of viability at about 20 weeks of gestation. [NIH] Stillbirth: The birth of a dead fetus or baby. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Tamponade: The inserting of a tampon; a dressing is inserted firmly into a wound or body cavity, as the nose, uterus or vagina, principally for stopping hemorrhage. [NIH] Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic. [NIH]
Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tocolysis: Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit uterine contractions in pregnant women at risk for preterm labor. [NIH] Tocolytic Agents: Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete. [NIH]
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Toxaemia: 1. The condition resulting from the spread of bacterial products (toxins) by the bloodstream. 2. A condition resulting from metabolic disturbances, e.g. toxaemia of pregnancy. [EU] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transfer Factor: Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients. [NIH] Transfusion: The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream. The blood may be donated from another person, or it may have been taken from the person earlier and stored until needed. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Ureter: One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the bladder. [NIH] Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Villus: Cell found in the lining of the small intestine. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation
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occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH]
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INDEX A Abortion, 11, 12, 23, 26, 31, 32, 40, 67, 69, 76 Abruptio Placentae, 7, 11, 15, 28, 31, 67 Adrenergic, 67, 71, 77 Adverse Effect, 67, 77 Agonist, 67, 71, 77 Air Embolism, 8, 12, 67 Air Sacs, 67 Algorithms, 67, 68 Alkaloid, 67, 70 Alpha-fetoprotein, 5, 67, 72 Alternative medicine, 40, 67 Amniotic Fluid, 67, 72 Amphetamines, 67, 70 Anal, 67, 73 Angiography, 26, 67 Anomalies, 17, 67 Antibody, 67, 73 Antigens, 68, 73 Antimetabolite, 68, 74 Antineoplastic, 68, 74 Anxiety, 38, 68 Arterial, 68, 72, 76, 77 Arteries, 27, 30, 68, 70, 74 Artery, 68, 70 Asymptomatic, 32, 68 Autologous, 5, 10, 68 B Balloon Occlusion, 27, 30, 68 Base, 68, 73 Biopsy, 11, 68 Biotechnology, 3, 40, 49, 68 Bladder, 8, 14, 15, 20, 21, 68, 78 Blastocyst, 68, 70, 71, 75 Blood pressure, 68, 72 Blood transfusion, 5, 68 Blood vessel, 67, 68, 70, 74, 75, 77, 78 Body Fluids, 68, 69 Bone Marrow, 68, 73 Branch, 61, 69, 75, 77 Broad Ligament, 20, 69 Bronchodilator, 69, 77 Bypass, 14, 69 C Caesarean section, 13, 24, 69 Calcium, 69, 77 Carbon Dioxide, 69, 75
Cardiac, 17, 69, 74 Case report, 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17, 20, 29, 69 Catheter, 68, 69 Caudal, 69, 75 Cell, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78 Central Nervous System, 67, 69, 70 Cerebral, 7, 54, 69, 70 Cerebral Palsy, 7, 54, 69 Cerebrum, 69 Cervical, 6, 17, 69 Cervix, 19, 20, 64, 67, 69 Cesarean Section, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 23, 26, 28, 30, 69 Choriocarcinoma, 69, 72 Circulatory system, 67, 70 Clinical trial, 3, 49, 70, 76 Cloning, 68, 70 Coagulation, 35, 69, 70 Coca, 70 Cocaine, 30, 32, 70 Computational Biology, 49, 70 Conception, 67, 69, 70, 72, 76 Consciousness, 70, 71 Contraindications, ii, 70 Contrast medium, 67, 70 Convulsions, 70, 71, 76 Coronary, 70, 74 Coronary Thrombosis, 70, 74 Cost-benefit, 7, 9, 70 Cost-Benefit Analysis, 7, 9, 71 Curative, 71, 77 D Decidua, 71, 75 Diagnostic procedure, 40, 71 Diastolic, 71, 72 Dilatation, 67, 71 Direct, iii, 8, 43, 71, 76 Dopamine, 70, 71 Dorsal, 71, 75 Dreams, 37, 38, 71 Drug Interactions, 44, 71 E Eclampsia, 29, 71, 76 Edema, 71, 76 Electrocoagulation, 70, 71 Embryo, 67, 68, 71, 76, 77 Embryo Transfer, 71, 76 Environmental Health, 48, 50, 71
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Enzyme, 72, 76, 78 F Family Planning, 49, 72 Fertilization in Vitro, 72, 76 Fetoprotein, 72 Fetus, 7, 23, 67, 69, 72, 75, 77, 78 Fold, 69, 72 G Gene, 68, 72 Gestation, 19, 72, 75, 77 Gestational, 16, 19, 33, 38, 72 Gestational Age, 16, 19, 72 Governing Board, 72, 76 Grafting, 72, 73 Gravidity, 24, 72, 75 Growth, 11, 18, 28, 72, 75 H Haemorrhage, 67, 72 Hemorrhage, 5, 10, 13, 17, 27, 30, 35, 71, 72, 77 Hernia, 20, 72 Host, 72, 73 Hydatidiform Mole, 7, 69, 72 Hypertension, 26, 28, 72, 76 Hysterectomy, 5, 9, 14, 15, 25, 27, 29, 30, 72 Hysterotomy, 69, 72 I Id, 54, 60, 62, 72 Immune response, 73 Immune Sera, 73 Immunization, 5, 9, 73 Immunoglobulin, 28, 73 Immunologic, 72, 73 Immunosuppressant, 73, 74 Implantation, 34, 70, 73 Incision, 30, 69, 72, 73 Infarction, 70, 73, 74 Intravenous, 73, 77 Invasive, 72, 73, 74 K Karyotype, 72, 73 Kb, 48, 73 Kidney Pelvis, 73, 78 L Library Services, 60, 73 Liver, 67, 73 Liver cancer, 67, 73 Lobe, 20, 73 Localization, 16, 18, 23, 30, 31, 73 Longitudinal study, 34, 73 Loop, 72, 74
Lymph, 69, 70, 74 Lymph node, 69, 74 Lymphocytes, 73, 74, 77 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 4, 10, 19, 25, 74 MEDLINE, 49, 74 Mesenchymal, 72, 74 Meta-Analysis, 9, 74 Methotrexate, 25, 74 MI, 11, 40, 65, 74 Microorganism, 74, 79 Miscarriage, 38, 74 Molecular, 49, 51, 68, 70, 74 Myocardium, 74 Myometrium, 19, 74 N Need, 37, 38, 55, 74 Neonatal, 7, 9, 15, 24, 31, 74 Neurons, 70, 75 Nuclei, 74, 75 O Outpatient, 9, 13, 24, 75 Ovum, 71, 72, 75, 79 Oxytocin, 44, 75, 77 P Palliative, 75, 77 Paradoxical, 8, 75 Parity, 11, 24, 32, 75 Pathologic, 14, 19, 68, 70, 75 Pathophysiology, 30, 75 Pelvis, 69, 75, 78 Perinatal, 4, 12, 13, 16, 23, 27, 31, 75 Peritoneum, 69, 75 Pharmacologic, 75, 78 Photocoagulation, 70, 75 Physical Examination, 72, 75 Plants, 67, 69, 70, 75 Pneumonia, 70, 75 Posterior, 16, 25, 67, 71, 75 Postpartum Hemorrhage, 17, 75 Practice Guidelines, 50, 76 Preeclampsia, 12, 18, 29, 54, 76 Pre-eclamptic, 71, 76 Pregnancy Outcome, 24, 76 Pregnancy Tests, 72, 76 Problem Solving, 15, 76 Progressive, 72, 76 Prospective study, 73, 76 Protein S, 68, 76 Proteins, 76, 77 Proteinuria, 76
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Public Policy, 49, 76 R Radiation, 71, 76 Radioactive, 73, 76 Radiography, 67, 72, 76 Randomized, 13, 76 Receptor, 71, 76, 77 Recurrence, 21, 76 Reductase, 74, 76 Refer, 1, 73, 76 Remission, 76, 77 Reproduction Techniques, 76, 77 Respiratory distress syndrome, 10, 28, 77 Risk factor, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 19, 24, 26, 28, 76, 77 S Screening, 8, 70, 77 Serum, 5, 14, 73, 77 Sex Ratio, 29, 77 Side effect, 43, 67, 77, 78 Smooth muscle, 67, 69, 74, 77 Specialist, 55, 77 Spontaneous Abortion, 76, 77 Stillbirth, 76, 77 Symptomatic, 12, 13, 31, 35, 77 Systolic, 72, 77 T Tamponade, 35, 77 Terbutaline, 33, 77 Therapeutics, 44, 77 Threshold, 72, 77
Thymus, 73, 77 Tissue, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78 Tocolysis, 7, 12, 33, 77 Tocolytic Agents, 27, 77 Toxaemia, 76, 78 Toxic, iv, 78 Toxicity, 71, 78 Toxicology, 50, 78 Transfection, 68, 78 Transfer Factor, 73, 78 Transfusion, 78 Transplantation, 71, 73, 78 U Ultrasonography, 8, 33, 34, 72, 78 Unconscious, 72, 78 Ureter, 21, 73, 78 Urinary, 20, 21, 78 Urine, 68, 76, 78 Uterine Contraction, 67, 75, 77, 78 Uterus, 8, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78 V Vagina, 65, 69, 72, 77, 78 Vaginal, 4, 29, 34, 35, 64, 78 Vascular, 27, 30, 73, 75, 78 Vein, 68, 73, 78 Veterinary Medicine, 49, 78 Villi, 72, 78 Villus, 72, 78 Vitro, 10, 71, 78 W Womb, 78, 79
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