Tenosynovitis - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

TENOSYNOVITIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES J AMES ...

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TENOSYNOVITIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Tenosynovitis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84089-X 1. Tenosynovitis-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on tenosynovitis. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON TENOSYNOVITIS ........................................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Tenosynovitis ................................................................................ 4 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND TENOSYNOVITIS .............................................................................. 47 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 47 Finding Nutrition Studies on Tenosynovitis............................................................................... 47 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 48 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND TENOSYNOVITIS ........................................................ 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 51 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 53 General References ....................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON TENOSYNOVITIS ..................................................................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 Patent Applications on Tenosynovitis ......................................................................................... 55 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON TENOSYNOVITIS ........................................................................................ 57 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 57 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 57 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers........................................................................................... 58 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ............................................................................. 58 Chapters on Tenosynovitis........................................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON TENOSYNOVITIS ........................................................... 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 63 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 64 Academic Periodicals covering Tenosynovitis ............................................................................. 65 CHAPTER 7. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS ..................................................................................... 67 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 67 U.S. Pharmacopeia....................................................................................................................... 67 Commercial Databases ................................................................................................................. 68 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 73 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 73 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 73 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 75 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 77 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 79 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 79 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 79 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 81 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 83 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 83 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 83 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 83 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 83 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 89

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Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 90 TENOSYNOVITIS DICTIONARY............................................................................................... 91 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 117

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with tenosynovitis is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about tenosynovitis, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to tenosynovitis, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on tenosynovitis. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to tenosynovitis, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on tenosynovitis. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON TENOSYNOVITIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on tenosynovitis.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and tenosynovitis, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Helping the Patient Who Has Wrist or Hand Tenosynovitis. Part 1: Causes, Basic Principles of Management Source: Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 14(1):21-24,31,35; January 1997. Summary: This journal article for health professionals, the first of two parts, provides information that physicians can use to help patients with wrist or hand tenosynovitis. The anatomy of the tenosynovial system of the wrist and hand is discussed. The causes of tenosynovitis are identified, including chronic and acute inflammation and trauma. The diagnosis of tenosynovitis is explained. Pain produced by excursion of the involved tendon and tenderness at the anatomic site of the involved tenosynovium are key diagnostic findings. In addition, general principles of management are presented. Usually, tenosynovitis can be effectively managed by modifying or discontinuing the aggravating activity, splinting, or administering one or two corticosteroid injections.

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Surgical intervention is indicated when conservative therapy has failed or symptoms interfere with employment or activities of daily living. 7 references, 3 figures, and 1 table. (AA-M).

Federally Funded Research on Tenosynovitis The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to tenosynovitis. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to tenosynovitis. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore tenosynovitis. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for tenosynovitis: •

Project Title: AGRICULTURAL INJURIES IN FINLAND Principal Investigator & Institution: Rautiainen, Risto H.; Prev Med & Environmental Hlth; University of Iowa Iowa City, Ia 52242 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-AUG-2000; Project End 31-JUL-2002 Summary: This project aims to develop knowledge on agricultural injuries and occupational diseases utilizing previously collected Finnish agricultural accident insurance data. This total population data has been collected since 1982 and includes variables which are not available from sources in the United States for self-employed farmers. The variables include primary and secondary causes of injury/illness, length of disability, specific work during injury, farm income, non-farm income, cost of medical care, lost earnings compensation, rehabilitation cost, other paid benefits, and consecutive number of injury/illness. During 1996, there were 157,708 insured farmers and family members and 10,251 injuries and 943 occupational diseases were compensated. The injury rate was 65/1,000 and the occupational disease rate was 6.4/1,000 workers. The breakdown of injuries by cause was: machines 10.9%, tractors and transport equipment 7.5%, hand tools 4.9%, chemical substances 0.8%, animals 17.3%, working environment 40.9%, working motion 13.3%, and other causes 4.9. The breakdown of occupational diseases was: asthma 17.0%, alveolitis 6.5%, rhinitis 15.8%, skin disorders 21.3%, epicondylitis 13.8%, tenosynovitis 15.2%, and other diseases 10.5%. This information has been instrumental in driving preventive efforts in Finland, however, it has not been reported in the scientific literature in the English Language. This project will produce comprehensive descriptive injury and illness statistics. Analytical methods will be used to quantify risk factors. The effects of two interventions will be quantified: (1) no claims premium discount implemented in 1997, and (2)

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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rollover protective structure (ROPS) which has been mandatory on tractors sold after 1969. This study addresses several gaps in current knowledge such as characteristics and causes of occupational disease, quantification of risk factors for injury and disease, effect of financial incentives and ROPS as preventive measures, and women's injuries and occupational diseases. The project is a collaborative effort between the University of Iowa and Farmers Social Insurance Institution, Finland. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with tenosynovitis, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for tenosynovitis (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A brush with tenosynovitis. Author(s): Smythies JR. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987 February; 80(2): 105-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3560138&dopt=Abstract

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A case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting as tenosynovitis of the hand. Author(s): Tully AJ Jr, Shirley SW. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1972 July; 108(1): 120-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5033991&dopt=Abstract

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A cause of wrist pain: non-specific tenosynovitis involving the flexor carpi radialis. Author(s): Weeks PM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1978 August; 62(2): 263-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=674416&dopt=Abstract

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PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A new cytogenetic subgroup in tenosynovial giant cell tumors (nodular tenosynovitis) is characterized by involvement of 16q24. Author(s): Dal Cin P, Scoit R, De Smet L, Van Damme B, Van Den Berghe H. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1996 March; 87(1): 85-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8646750&dopt=Abstract

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A palmar plaque and flexor tenosynovitis in a patient with sarcoidosis. Author(s): Grossman JA, Robotti EB. Source: Ann Chir Main Memb Super. 1992; 11(5): 416-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1284025&dopt=Abstract

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A patient with de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a case report using an Australian approach to manual therapy. Author(s): Anderson M, Tichenor CJ. Source: Physical Therapy. 1994 April; 74(4): 314-26. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8140144&dopt=Abstract

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A variant of pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis. Author(s): Ridenour JW, Estersohn HS. Source: J Foot Surg. 1982 Summer; 21(2): 122-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7096907&dopt=Abstract

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Achilles tendinitis and tenosynovitis. A diagnostic manifestation of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia in children. Author(s): Shapiro JR, Fallat RW, Tsang RC, Glueck CJ. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1974 October; 128(4): 486-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4369742&dopt=Abstract

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Achilles tendon tenosynovitis in long-distance runners. Author(s): Snook GA. Source: Med Sci Sports. 1972 Fall; 4(3): 155-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5076453&dopt=Abstract

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Acute extensor hallucis longus tenosynovitis caused by gonococcal infection. Author(s): Faraj S, Stanley-Clarke D. Source: N Z Med J. 2003 May 2; 116(1173): U421. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12740614&dopt=Abstract

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Acute flexor tenosynovitis caused by gonococcal infection. A case report. Author(s): Rosenfeld N, Kurzer A. Source: Hand. 1978 June; 10(2): 213-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=711006&dopt=Abstract

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Acute flexor tenosynovitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Author(s): Wise KA. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1990 December; 60(12): 993-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2268219&dopt=Abstract

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Acute flexor tenosynovitis in association with Clostridium difficile infection: a case report. Author(s): Wright TW, Linscheid RL, O'Duffy JD. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1996 March; 21(2): 304-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8683072&dopt=Abstract

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Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis- case report and literature review. Author(s): Ogiela DM, Peimer CA. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1981 September; 6(5): 470-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7276477&dopt=Abstract

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Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis in a woman with asymptomatic gonorrhea. Author(s): Barrick EF. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1983 March; 8(2): 224-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6833737&dopt=Abstract

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Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis in a woman with asymptomatic gonorrhea-case report and literature review. Author(s): Balcomb TV. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1982 September; 7(5): 521-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7130665&dopt=Abstract

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Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis in an adolescent male with pharyngitis. A case report and literature review. Author(s): Schaefer RA, Enzenauer RJ, Pruitt A, Corpe RS. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1992 August; (281): 212-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1499214&dopt=Abstract

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Acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Krieger LE, Schnall SB, Holtom PD, Costigan W. Source: Orthopedics. 1997 July; 20(7): 649-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9243677&dopt=Abstract

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Acute nonspecific flexor tenosynovitis in the digits. Author(s): Matsui T. Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Science : Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. 2001; 6(3): 234-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11484116&dopt=Abstract

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Acute suppurative tenosynovitis of the hand: diagnosis with US. Author(s): Jeffrey RB Jr, Laing FC, Schechter WP, Markison RE, Barton RM. Source: Radiology. 1987 March; 162(3): 741-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3544036&dopt=Abstract

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Acute suppurative tenosynovitis. Author(s): McDougall EP. Source: Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie. 1968 January; 11(1): 41-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5759583&dopt=Abstract

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Acute suppurative tenosynovitis: role of postoperative irrigation of the tendon sheath. Author(s): Ahamed S. Source: Conn Med. 1977 January; 41(1): 12-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=832464&dopt=Abstract

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Acute tenosynovitis after puncture wound of a finger by a dental bur. Author(s): Koppel AC, Hackleman GL. Source: The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1968 April; 76(4): 828. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5237779&dopt=Abstract

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Aeromonas hydrophilia tenosynovitis in an immunocompromised host. Author(s): Warrier RP, Azeemuddin S. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1984 September-October; 51(412): 609-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6536592&dopt=Abstract

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Agammaglobulinaemia, arthritis, tenosynovitis. Author(s): Gallagher HG. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1968 July 13; 2(2): 69-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5670858&dopt=Abstract

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An unusual case of flexor sheath tenosynovitis. Author(s): Gatt R, Cushieri P, Sciberras C. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1998 October; 23(5): 698-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9821624&dopt=Abstract

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Angiolipoma of the finger masquerading as flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Weinzweig J, Minniti JG, Aswad BI, Bowen L. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 September; 104(4): 1052-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10654747&dopt=Abstract

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Arthritis, tenosynovitis, fasciitis, and bursitis due to sea urchin spines. A series of 12 cases in Reunion Island. Author(s): Guyot-Drouot MH, Rouneau D, Rolland JM, Solau-Gervais E, Cotten A, Flipo RM, Duquesnoy B. Source: Joint, Bone, Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme. 2000; 67(2): 94-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10769100&dopt=Abstract

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Aseptic tenosynovitis of the flexor sheath due to a retained wooden splinter. Author(s): De Smet L, Fabry G. Source: Acta Orthop Belg. 1994; 60(2): 248-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8053331&dopt=Abstract

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Assessment of flexor tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Macauley DI, Evans DM, Ansell BM. Source: Rheumatol Rehabil. 1981 February 1; 20(1): 25-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7221399&dopt=Abstract

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Bacterial flexor tenosynovitis in the hand. A series of 68 cases. Author(s): Sokolow C, Dabos N, Lemerle JP, Vilain R. Source: Ann Chir Main. 1987; 6(3): 181-8. English, French. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3426324&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome due to tuberculosis tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Gouet P, Castets M, Touchard G, Payen J, Alcalay M. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1984 October; 11(5): 721-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6512800&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to gouty tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Pledger SR, Hirsch B, Freiberg RA. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1976 July-August; (118): 188-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=954275&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis

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Bursitis and tenosynovitis caused by group G streptococci. Author(s): Meier JL, Gerster JC. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1983 October; 10(5): 817-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6644709&dopt=Abstract

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Bursitis, tenosynovitis, ganglions, and painful lesions of the wrist, elbow, and hand. Author(s): Canoso JJ. Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1990 April; 2(2): 276-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2203403&dopt=Abstract

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Calcific tenosynovitis associated with calcific myonecrosis of the leg: imaging features. Author(s): Ryu KN, Bae DK, Park YK, Lee JH. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1996 April; 25(3): 273-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8741066&dopt=Abstract

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Candida albicans tenosynovitis of the hand. Author(s): Yuan RT, Cohen MJ. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1985 September; 10(5): 719-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4045157&dopt=Abstract

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Candida tenosynovitis in an AIDS patient: a case report. Author(s): Townsend DJ, Singer DI, Doyle JR. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1994 March; 19(2): 293-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8201198&dopt=Abstract

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Carpal tunnel syndrome complicating hand flexor tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium szulgai. Author(s): Merlet C, Aberrane S, Chilot F, Laroche JM. Source: Joint, Bone, Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme. 2000; 67(3): 247-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10875329&dopt=Abstract

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Carpal tunnel syndrome due to gonococcal tenosynovitis. Author(s): DeHertogh D, Ritland D, Green R. Source: Orthopedics. 1988 January; 11(1): 199-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3353325&dopt=Abstract

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Carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to tuberculous tenosynovitis. Author(s): Langa V, Posner MA, Hoffman S, Steiner GC. Source: Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst. 1986 Fall; 46(2): 137-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3030475&dopt=Abstract

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Case Number 23: Tuberculous tenosynovitis. Author(s): Walker UA, Gutfleisch J, Peter HH. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002 May; 61(5): 384. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11959758&dopt=Abstract

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Case report 466. Granulomatous tenosynovitis (left 3rd finger). Author(s): Waggenspack GA, Amparo EG. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1988; 17(2): 133-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3363382&dopt=Abstract

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Cavernous haemangioma in the hand mimicking subacute tenosynovitis. Author(s): Kalbermatten DF, Kalbermatten NT, Fritsche E, von Wartburg U. Source: Chir Main. 2002 May; 21(3): 202-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12116834&dopt=Abstract

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Cavernous hemangioma behaving like peroneal tenosynovitis. Author(s): Urguden M, Ozdemir H, Duygulu E, Aydin AT. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2000 October; 21(10): 856-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11128018&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic flexor tenosynovitis: missed diagnosis for a decade. Author(s): Morris L, Stevens A, Doherty M. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1996 September; 55(9): 597-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8882126&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic non-specific tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon. Author(s): Langenskiold A. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1967; 38(3): 301-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6082268&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic otitis and tenosynovitis in an elderly diabetic woman. Author(s): Ortiz E, Moro MJ, Diaz-Curiel M. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1999 February; 75(880): 121-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10448482&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic tenosynovitis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Author(s): Burgess RC. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1987 March; 12(2): 294-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3559092&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis

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Chronic tenosynovitis of the hand due to Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum: use of high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of isolates. Author(s): Ridderhof JC, Wallace RJ Jr, Kilburn JO, Butler WR, Warren NG, Tsukamura M, Steele LC, Wong ES. Source: Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1991 September-October; 13(5): 857-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1962098&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon with new bone formation. Author(s): Norris SH, Mankin HJ. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1978 November; 60-B(4): 523-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=711801&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon and the use of tenography. Author(s): Hirsh S, Healey K, Feldman M. Source: J Foot Surg. 1988 July-August; 27(4): 306-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3225390&dopt=Abstract

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Ciprofloxacin and tenosynovitis. Author(s): McEwan SR, Davey PG. Source: Lancet. 1988 October 15; 2(8616): 900. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2902333&dopt=Abstract

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Closed tendon sheath irrigation for pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Neviaser RJ. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1978 September; 3(5): 462-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=556478&dopt=Abstract

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Closed-catheter irrigation is as effective as open drainage for treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Gutowski KA, Ochoa O, Adams WP Jr. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2002 October; 49(4): 350-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12370638&dopt=Abstract

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Coccidioidomycosis tenosynovitis in the hand. Author(s): Iverson RE, Vistnes LM. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1973 March; 55(2): 413-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4696175&dopt=Abstract

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Coccidioidomycosis tenosynovitis: case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Reid GD, Klinkhoff A, Bozek C, Denegri JF. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1984 June; 11(3): 392-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6588210&dopt=Abstract

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Congenital synostosis between the scaphoid and the trapezium as a cause of tenosynovitis simulating de Quervain's disease. Author(s): Kaneko K, Matsumura K, Maruyama Y. Source: Chir Main. 2000 July; 19(3): 187-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10989763&dopt=Abstract

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Continuous catheter irrigation for the treatment of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Delsignore JL, Ritland D, Becker DR, Watson HK. Source: Conn Med. 1986 August; 50(8): 503-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3757503&dopt=Abstract

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Continuous postoperative catheter irrigation is not necessary for the treatment of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Lille S, Hayakawa T, Neumeister MW, Brown RE, Zook EG, Murray K. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 2000 June; 25(3): 304-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10961561&dopt=Abstract

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Corticosteroid injection for treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a pooled quantitative literature evaluation. Author(s): Richie CA 3rd, Briner WW Jr. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 2003 March-April; 16(2): 102-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12665175&dopt=Abstract

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Corticosteroid responsive tenosynovitis is a common pathway for limited joint mobility in the diabetic hand. Author(s): Sibbitt WL Jr, Eaton RP. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1997 May; 24(5): 931-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9150084&dopt=Abstract

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Cryptococcal arthritis, tendinitis, tenosynovitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. Author(s): Bruno KM, Farhoomand L, Libman BS, Pappas CN, Landry FJ. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002 February; 47(1): 104-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11932886&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis

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Cryptococcal tenosynovitis in the setting of disseminated cryptococcosis. Author(s): Park J, Ostrov BE, Schumacher HR Jr. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2000 January; 27(1): 282-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10648060&dopt=Abstract

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CT and MRI evaluation of tenosynovitis of the rheumatoid hindfoot. Author(s): Bouysset M, Tavernier T, Tebib J, Noel E, Tillmann K, Bonnin M, Eulry F, Bouvier M. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1995 May; 14(3): 303-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7641506&dopt=Abstract

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Current aspects of tuberculous tenosynovitis. A report of six cases. Author(s): Latil F, Magalon G, Dreant J, Roffe JL, Decaillet JM, Bureau H. Source: Ann Chir Main. 1982; 1(4): 336-41. Review. English, French. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9336623&dopt=Abstract

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Cytogenetic characterization of tenosynovial giant cell tumors (nodular tenosynovitis). Author(s): Dal Cin P, Sciot R, Samson I, De Smet L, De Wever I, Van Damme B, Van den Berghe H. Source: Cancer Research. 1994 August 1; 54(15): 3986-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8033128&dopt=Abstract

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De Quervain's disease. Stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal extensor compartment. Author(s): Janssen JT, Teasley JL. Source: Wis Med J. 1970 March; 69(3): 95-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5434430&dopt=Abstract

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de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis in a video games player. Author(s): Reinstein L. Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1983 September; 64(9): 434-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6615183&dopt=Abstract

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de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis. Author(s): Strickland JW, Idler RS, Creighton JC. Source: Indiana Med. 1990 May; 83(5): 340-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2341706&dopt=Abstract

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De Quervain's tenosynovitis and Finkelstein's test. Author(s): Murtagh J. Source: Aust Fam Physician. 1989 December; 18(12): 1552. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2624586&dopt=Abstract

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De Quervain's tenosynovitis and ganglion over first dorsal extensor retinacular compartment. Author(s): Tan MY, Low CK, Tan SK. Source: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1994 November; 23(6): 885-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7741505&dopt=Abstract

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De Quervain's tenosynovitis in patients with lymphedema: a report of 2 cases with management approach. Author(s): Lin JT, Stubblefield MD. Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003 October; 84(10): 1554-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14586925&dopt=Abstract

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De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment. Author(s): Moore JS. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1997 October; 39(10): 990-1002. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9343764&dopt=Abstract

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Decompression without synovectomy in rheumatoid extensor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Wilkes LL. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1980 May; 73(5): 615-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7375981&dopt=Abstract

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DeQuervain tenosynovitis in pregnant and postpartum women. Author(s): Schned ES. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986 September; 68(3): 411-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3488531&dopt=Abstract

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Detection of flexor tenosynovitis by magnetic resonance imaging: its relationship to diurnal variation of symptoms. Author(s): Hug C, Huber H, Terrier F, Hauselmann HJ, Aue W, Vock P, Schlapbach P, Gerber NJ. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1991 July; 18(7): 1055-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1920310&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis

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Detection of plantar tenosynovitis of the forefoot by ultrasound in patients with early arthritis. Author(s): Koski JM. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1995; 24(5): 312-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8533047&dopt=Abstract

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Diffuse pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis of the ulnar bursa--a case report. Author(s): Mathews RE, Gould JS, Kashlan MB. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1981 January; 6(1): 64-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7204920&dopt=Abstract

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Digital flexor tenosynovitis: diagnosis and clinical significance. Author(s): Gottlieb NL. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1991 July; 18(7): 954-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1920326&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated gonococcaemia with arthritis, tenosynovitis and moderately severe jaundice. Author(s): Bhat A, Kumar A, Garg A, Malaviya AN. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 1986 July; 34(7): 519-20. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3759883&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated gonococcal infection and tenosynovitis from an asymptomatically infected intrauterine contraceptive device. Author(s): Colin MJ, Weissmann G. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1976 March 11; 294(11): 598-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=813138&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated gonococcal infection. The tenosynovitis-dermatitis and suppurative arthritis syndromes. Author(s): Koss PG. Source: Cleve Clin Q. 1985 Summer; 52(2): 161-73. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3928202&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as an acute tenosynovitis. Author(s): Pfaller MA, Kyriakos M, Weeks PM, Kobayashi GS. Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 1985 May; 3(3): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3995895&dopt=Abstract

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Distal stenosing tenosynovitis. Author(s): Rayan GM. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1990 November; 15(6): 973-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2269794&dopt=Abstract

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Dupuytren's contracture as a cause of stenosing tenosynovitis. Author(s): Parker HG. Source: J Maine Med Assoc. 1979 April; 70(4): 147-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=438648&dopt=Abstract

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Echinoidea tenosynovitis. Author(s): Coombs CJ, Mutimer KL. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1993 April; 63(4): 309-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8311819&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of etanercept on tenosynovitis and nodules in rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Kaiser MJ, Bozonnat MC, Jorgensen C, Daures JP, Sany J. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2002 February; 46(2): 559-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11840464&dopt=Abstract

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Eikenella corrodens tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis of the hand--a case report. Author(s): Shimizu K, Awaya G, Matsuda F, Miyamoto T, Wakita S, Mitsutake Y, Nagayama M, Mimasu Y, Shirakawa K. Source: Nippon Geka Hokan. 1984 November 1; 53(6): 800-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6398685&dopt=Abstract

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Evanescent signs in occupation-associated tenosynovitis. Author(s): Palmer DG. Source: N Z Med J. 1988 August 24; 101(852): 550. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3412717&dopt=Abstract

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Extensor digitorum longus stenosing tenosynovitis. A case report. Author(s): Perlman MD, Leveille D. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1988 April; 78(4): 198-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3135384&dopt=Abstract

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Extensor pollicis longus tenosynovitis: a case report and review of the literature. Author(s): Huang HW, Strauch RJ. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2000 May; 25(3): 577-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10811765&dopt=Abstract

18

Tenosynovitis

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Extensor tenosynovitis of the hand from cold exposure. Author(s): Georgitis J. Source: J Maine Med Assoc. 1978 April; 69(4): 129-31. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=650088&dopt=Abstract

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Extensor triggering in de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis. Author(s): Alberton GM, High WA, Shin AY, Bishop AT. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1999 November; 24(6): 1311-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10584959&dopt=Abstract

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Fifth digit sesamoid fracture with tenosynovitis. Author(s): Inada Y, Tamai S, Kawanishi K, Fukui A. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1992 September; 17(5): 915-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1401807&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tendon synovial sheath haemangioma mimicking subacute tenosynovitis. Author(s): Rico AA, Holguin PH, Gonzalez IG, Coba JM. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1994 December; 19(6): 704-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7706868&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS): a risk indicator of abnormal glucose tolerance. Author(s): Leden I, Jonsson G, Larsen S, Rank F, Schersten B, Svensson B, Thorngren KG. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1985; 14(3): 293-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4048877&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis caused by Coccidioides immitis. Author(s): Gropper PT, Pisesky WA, Bowen V, Clement PB. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1983 May; 8(3): 344-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6875245&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: a case report. Author(s): Bagatur E, Bayramicli M. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1996 July; 21(4): 700-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8842972&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium asiaticum. Author(s): Foulkes GD, Floyd JC, Stephens JL. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1998 July; 23(4): 753-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9708394&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis--effect of local steroid injections. Author(s): Armstrong RD, Kay A, Gibson T, Collier L, Horrocks A. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1985 May; 24(2): 225-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3995219&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis in the hand caused by Mycobacterium malmoense: a case report. Author(s): Gabl M, Pechlaner S, Hausdorfer H, Kreczy A, Went P. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1997 March; 22(2): 338-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9195437&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis in the hand caused by Mycobacterium terrae. Author(s): Fodero J, Chung KC, Ognenovski VM. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1999 March; 42(3): 330-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10096627&dopt=Abstract

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Flexor tenosynovitis in the hand. An unusual aetiology. Author(s): Aubert JP, Stein A, Raoult D, Magalon G. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1995 August; 20(4): 509-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7594995&dopt=Abstract

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Fluoroquinolone-induced tenosynovitis of the wrist mimicking de Quervain's disease. Author(s): Gillet P, Hestin D, Renoult E, Netter P, Kessler M. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1995 June; 34(6): 583-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7633807&dopt=Abstract

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Focal radial styloid abnormality as a manifestation of de Quervain tenosynovitis. Author(s): Chien AJ, Jacobson JA, Martel W, Kabeto MU, Marcantonio DR. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2001 December; 177(6): 1383-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11717090&dopt=Abstract

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Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (localized nodular tenosynovitis). Author(s): Savage RC, Mustafa EB. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1984 September; 13(3): 205-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6497267&dopt=Abstract

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Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (nodular tenosynovitis). A study of 207 cases to compare the large joint group with the common digit group. Author(s): Ushijima M, Hashimoto H, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M. Source: Cancer. 1986 February 15; 57(4): 875-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3943019&dopt=Abstract

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Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (localised nodular tenosynovitis): clinicopathological features of 71 cases. Author(s): Monaghan H, Salter DM, Al-Nafussi A. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2001 May; 54(5): 404-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11328844&dopt=Abstract

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Gonococcal arthritis of the shoulder and septic extensor tenosynovitis of the wrist: sonographic appearances. Author(s): Craig JG, van Holsbeeck M, Alva M. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2003 February; 22(2): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12562127&dopt=Abstract

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Gonococcal tenosynovitis-dermatitis and septic arthritis. Author(s): Thompson SE, Jacobs NF, Zacarias F, Rein MF, Shulman JA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1981 August 28; 246(9): 939-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7019471&dopt=Abstract

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Gonococcal tenosynovitis-dermatitis and septic arthritis. Intravenous penicillin vs oral erythromycin. Author(s): Thompson SE 3rd, Jacobs NF Jr, Zacarias F, Rein MF, Shulman JA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1980 September 5; 244(10): 1101-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7411761&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty flexor tenosynovitis of the digits: report of three cases. Author(s): Weniger FG, Davison SP, Risin M, Salyapongse AN, Manders EK. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2003 July; 28(4): 669-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12877858&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty tenosynovitis and compression neuropathy of the median nerve. Author(s): Janssen T, Rayan GM. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1987 March; (216): 203-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3815949&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty tenosynovitis and the carpal tunnel syndrome. Author(s): Champion D. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1969 May 17; 1(20): 1030-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5795976&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty tenosynovitis in the hand. Author(s): Moore JR, Weiland AJ. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1985 March; 10(2): 291-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3980949&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty tenosynovitis of the wrist. Author(s): Gonzalez MH, Cooper ME. Source: Am J Orthop. 2001 July; 30(7): 562-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11482511&dopt=Abstract

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Gouty tenosynovitis simulating an infection. A case report. Author(s): Abrahamsson SO. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1987 June; 58(3): 282-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3630664&dopt=Abstract

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Granulomatous tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Author(s): Stratton CW, Lichtenstein KA, Lowenstein SR, Phelps DB, Reller LB. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1981 July; 71(1): 161-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7246574&dopt=Abstract

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Granulomatous tenosynovitis in coastal Mississippi. Author(s): Maier FG, Enger DJ. Source: J Miss State Med Assoc. 1971 September; 12(9): 483-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5095691&dopt=Abstract

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Granulomatous tenosynovitis: a rare musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis. Author(s): Albornoz MA, Mezgarzedeh M, Neumann CH, Myers AR. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1998; 17(2): 166-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9641519&dopt=Abstract

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Granulomatous tophaceous gout mimicking tuberculous tenosynovitis: report of two cases. Author(s): Kostman JR, Rush P, Reginato AJ. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1995 July; 21(1): 217-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7578737&dopt=Abstract

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Haemophilus influenzae tenosynovitis. Author(s): Leek JC, Robbins DL. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1980 October; 39(5): 530. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6969067&dopt=Abstract

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Haemophilus influenzae tenosynovitis. Author(s): Bansal S, Magnussen CR, Napodano RJ. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1979 December; 38(6): 561-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=317240&dopt=Abstract

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Haemorrhagic, traumatic tenosynovitis. Author(s): Dacruz DJ, Harris AM, Jones J. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1986 June; 11(2): 223-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3734563&dopt=Abstract

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Hand flexor tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Prevalence, distribution, and associated rheumatic features. Author(s): Gray RG, Gottlieb NL. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1977 May; 20(4): 1003-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=871301&dopt=Abstract

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Hemochromatotic arthropathy mimicking rheumatoid arthritis. A case with subcutaneous nodules, tenosynovitis, and bursitis. Author(s): Bensen WG, Laskin CA, Little HA, Fam AG. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1978 September-October; 21(7): 844-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=697954&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatitis B presenting with tenosynovitis. Author(s): Greenberg RN, Eversmeyer WH, Sanders CV. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1979 March; 72(3): 375-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=424843&dopt=Abstract

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Hypertrophic peroneal tubercle with stenosing tenosynovitis: the results of surgical treatment. Author(s): Chen YJ, Hsu RW, Huang TJ. Source: Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1998 December; 21(4): 442-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10074731&dopt=Abstract

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Idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis. Histopathologic features and possible pathogenesis. Author(s): Gravanis MB, Gaffney EF. Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 1983 June; 7(4): 357-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6869664&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence and causes of tenosynovitis of the wrist extensors in long distance paddle canoeists. Author(s): du Toit P, Sole G, Bowerbank P, Noakes TD. Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1999 April; 33(2): 105-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10205691&dopt=Abstract

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Incidence of tenosynovitis or peritendinitis and epicondylitis in a meat-processing factory. Author(s): Kurppa K, Viikari-Juntura E, Kuosma E, Huuskonen M, Kivi P. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 February; 17(1): 32-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2047804&dopt=Abstract

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Injection therapy for management of stenosing tenosynovitis (de Quervain's disease) of the wrist. Author(s): Rankin ME, Rankin EA. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1998 August; 90(8): 474-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9727290&dopt=Abstract

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Intraosseous growth of giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (localized nodular tenosynovitis) of the digits: report of 15 cases. Author(s): Uriburu IJ, Levy VD. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1998 July; 23(4): 732-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9708390&dopt=Abstract

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Intratendon sheath corticosteroid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated and idiopathic hand flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Gray RG, Kiem IM, Gottlieb NL. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1978 January-February; 21(1): 92-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=75013&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated tenosynovitis associated with psoriasis triggered by physical injury. Author(s): Padula A, Belsito F, Barozzi L, Cantini F, Salvarani C, Pavlica P, Olivieri I. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999 January-February; 17(1): 103-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10084042&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated tubercular tenosynovitis in children: report of seven cases. Author(s): Arora S, Sethi S. Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 1994 November-December; 14(6): 752-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7814588&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated tuberculous tenosynovitis of the Achilles tendon. A case report. Author(s): Goldberg I, Avidor I. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1985 April; (194): 185-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3978914&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated tuberculous tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon of the fourth finger of the hand. Case report. Author(s): Esenyel CZ, Bulbul M, Kara AN. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery / Nordisk Plastikkirurgisk Forening [and] Nordisk Klubb for Handkirurgi. 2000 September; 34(3): 283-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11020930&dopt=Abstract

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Koch's phenomenon involving the flexor tendon sheath. Adjuvant-induced tenosynovitis in man. Author(s): Conklin HB, Curtis RM, Ben-Efraim S. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1969 October; 51(7): 1413-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4309873&dopt=Abstract

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Light bulb injury: acute purulent tenosynovitis due to migrating filament. Author(s): Ashbell TS, Kleinert HE, Kutz JE. Source: The American Surgeon. 1967 September; 33(9): 739-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6036386&dopt=Abstract

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Limited open-tendon-sheath irrigation in the treatment of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Juliano PJ, Eglseder WA. Source: Orthop Rev. 1991 December; 20(12): 1065-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1771103&dopt=Abstract

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Localized lymphoedema due to tenosynovitis. Author(s): Hammoudeh M, Rahim Siam A, Ismail SM. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1994 September; 33(9): 891-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8081684&dopt=Abstract

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Localized nodular tenosynovitis with involvement of bone. Author(s): Hayes JC, Stinchfield AJ. Source: J Maine Med Assoc. 1967 August; 58(8): 173-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6074871&dopt=Abstract

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Localized nodular tenosynovitis: experience with 115 cases. Author(s): Moore JR, Weiland AJ, Curtis RM. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1984 May; 9(3): 412-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6327803&dopt=Abstract

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Localized soft-tissue infections with Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare complex in immunocompetent patients: granulomatous tenosynovitis of the hand or wrist. Author(s): Hellinger WC, Smilack JD, Greider JL Jr, Alvarez S, Trigg SD, Brewer NS, Edson RS. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1995 July; 21(1): 65-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7578762&dopt=Abstract

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Lung carcinoma: juxtaarticular disease resembling bursitis and tenosynovitis. Author(s): Nauseef W, Sundstrom WR. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1980 January-February; 7(1): 106-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7354459&dopt=Abstract

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Meningococcemia presenting as septic arthritis, pericarditis, and tenosynovitis. Author(s): Rosen MS, Myers AR, Dickey B. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1985 May; 28(5): 576-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3924058&dopt=Abstract

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Miliary tuberculosis presenting as tenosynovitis in a case of rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Uthman I, Bizri AR, Hajj Ali R, Haraoui B. Source: The Journal of Infection. 1998 September; 37(2): 196-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9821101&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilization with movement as an adjunct intervention in a patient with complicated de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Backstrom KM. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2002 March; 32(3): 8694; Discussion 94-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12168742&dopt=Abstract

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MR arthrographic findings in tenosynovitis of the long bicipital tendon of the shoulder. Author(s): Guckel C, Nidecker A. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1998 January; 27(1): 7-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9507602&dopt=Abstract

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MR diagnosis of tenosynovitis about the wrist. Author(s): Klug JD. Source: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1995 May; 3(2): 305-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7553024&dopt=Abstract

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MRI features in de Quervain's tenosynovitis of the wrist. Author(s): Glajchen N, Schweitzer M. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1996 January; 25(1): 63-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8717121&dopt=Abstract

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Multifocal musculoskeletal infections manifesting as purulent flexor tenosynovitis in a neonate. Author(s): Fulcher SM, Koman LA. Source: J South Orthop Assoc. 1997 Fall; 6(3): 235-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9322206&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple recurrence of digital pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Adamson BE, Lucas GL. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1985 March; 10(2): 278-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2984278&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterial tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of the hand. A report of five cases. Author(s): Regnard PJ, Barry P, Isselin J. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1996 June; 21(3): 351-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8771475&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium avium complex tenosynovitis of the index finger. Author(s): Stark RH. Source: Orthop Rev. 1990 April; 19(4): 345-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2333222&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium chelonei tenosynovitis of the hand: a case report. Author(s): Stern PJ, Gula DC. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986 July; 11(4): 596-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3722779&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium chelonei tenosynovitis. Author(s): Zachary LS, Clark GL Jr, Kleinert JM, O'Donovan C 3rd. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1988 April; 20(4): 360-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3364921&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium intracellulare as a cause of a recurrent granulomatous tenosynovitis of the hand. Author(s): Lefevre P, Gilot P, Godiscal H, Content J, Fauville-Dufaux M. Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2000 October; 38(2): 127-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11035246&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium kansaii flexor tenosynovitis presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome. Author(s): Wada A, Nomura S, Ihara F. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 2000 June; 25(3): 308-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10961562&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium marinum flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Lacy JN, Viegas SF, Calhoun J, Mader JT. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1989 January; (238): 288-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2910612&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis in a Long Island fisherman. Author(s): Wagner RF, Tawil AB, Colletta AJ, Hurst LC, Yecies LD. Source: N Y State J Med. 1981 June; 81(7): 1091-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6942253&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium marinum tenosynovitis in a patient with Still's disease. Author(s): Thariat J, Leveque L, Tavernier C, Maillefert JF. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2001 December; 40(12): 1419-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11752518&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium marinum: a case of skin granuloma complicated by tenosynovitis of the extensors. Author(s): Causero A, Screm C, Beltrame A, Mastidoro L. Source: Chir Organi Mov. 2003 January-March; 88(1): 93-7. English, Italian. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14584321&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis. Author(s): Kremer LB, Rhame FS, House JH. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1988 July; 31(7): 932-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3395389&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis. Author(s): Love GL, Melchior E. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1985 September; 10(5): 730-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4045161&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis. Author(s): Karthigasu KT, Spagnolo DV, Gow BL. Source: Pathology. 1990 April; 22(2): 106-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2235093&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis: chronic infection in a previously healthy individual. Author(s): May DC, Kutz JE, Howell RS, Raff MJ, Melo JC. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1983 November; 76(11): 1445-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6635743&dopt=Abstract

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Mycobacterium xenopi--an unusual presentation as tenosynovitis of the wrist in an immunocompetent patient. Author(s): Coombes GM, Teh LS, Denton J, Johnson AS, Jones AK. Source: British Journal of Rheumatology. 1996 October; 35(10): 1008-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8883442&dopt=Abstract

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Needle aspiration of the flexor digital sheath as an aid in diagnosing tenosynovitis. Author(s): Ryan JJ, Hoopes JE. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1975 August; 56(2): 152-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1144555&dopt=Abstract

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Nodular pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis. Author(s): Roth I, Frisch DR, Mercado OA. Source: J Foot Surg. 1985 January-February; 24(1): 51-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3973350&dopt=Abstract

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Nodular tenosynovitis. Benign giant cell synovioma. Author(s): Baes H, Tanghe W. Source: Dermatologica. 1974; 149(3): 149-54. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4376498&dopt=Abstract

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Nonsuppurative tenosynovitis secondary to foreign body migration. Author(s): Merrell JC, Russell RC, Zook EG. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1983 May; 8(3): 340-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6348149&dopt=Abstract

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Non-suppurative tenosynovitis. Author(s): Kilgore ES Jr, Graham WP 3rd. Source: Pa Med. 1970 August; 73(8): 31-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5525148&dopt=Abstract

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis. Author(s): Raffi F, Moinard D, Drugeon HB. Source: Lancet. 1990 March 10; 335(8689): 613. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1968611&dopt=Abstract

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis. Author(s): Colville A, Ispahani P. Source: Lancet. 1989 November 11; 2(8672): 1161. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2572887&dopt=Abstract

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis: a review. Author(s): Zenone T, Boibieux A, Tigaud S, Fredenucci JF, Vincent V, Chidiac C, Peyramond D. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 31(3): 221-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10482048&dopt=Abstract

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Nontuberculous mycobacterial tenosynovitis: report of two cases. Author(s): Zenone T, Boibieux A, Tigaud S, Fredenucci JF, Vincent V, Peyramond D. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1998 June; 26(6): 1467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9636885&dopt=Abstract

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Ochronotic stenosing flexor tenosynovitis--case report. Author(s): Seradge H. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1981 July; 6(4): 359-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7252109&dopt=Abstract

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On another case of tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. Author(s): Marchesoni A, Parafioritti A, Tosi S. Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992 November-December; 10(6): 630-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1483322&dopt=Abstract

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Optimum skin incisions for the surgical relief of stenosing tenosynovitis in the hand. Author(s): Bruner JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1966 September; 38(3): 197-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5919602&dopt=Abstract

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Os trigonum syndrome with flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis in a professional football referee. Author(s): Cooper ME, Wolin PM. Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1999 July; 31(7 Suppl): S493-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10416550&dopt=Abstract

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Osteoid osteoma of the radial styloid mimicking stenosing tenosynovitis. A case report. Author(s): Fromm B, Martini A, Schmidt E. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1992 April; 17(2): 236-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1588214&dopt=Abstract

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Osteomyelitis and tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium marinum in a fish dealer. Author(s): Shih JY, Hsueh PR, Chang YL, Chen MT, Yang PC, Luh KT. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1997 November; 96(11): 913-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9409126&dopt=Abstract

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Overuse syndrome, alias tenosynovitis/tendinitis: the terminological hoax. Author(s): Fry HJ. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1986 September; 78(3): 414-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3737766&dopt=Abstract

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Oxytocin-induced tenosynovitis and extensor digitorum tendon rupture. Author(s): Rath S, Bhan S. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1989 September; 14(5): 847-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2794403&dopt=Abstract

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Pasteurella flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Monsey R, Mogan J. Source: Orthopedics. 1993 May; 16(5): 620-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8327391&dopt=Abstract

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Pasteurella multocida tenosynovitis of the hand: sonographic findings. Author(s): Garcia Triana M, Fernandez Echevarria MA, Alvaro RL, Sagredo PS, Parra Blanco JA. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 2003 March-April; 31(3): 159-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12594802&dopt=Abstract

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Pasteurella tenosynovitis following a dog bite. Author(s): Johnson G. Source: Injury. 1994 December; 25(10): 690-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7829200&dopt=Abstract

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Pasteurella tenosynovitis following a dog bite. Author(s): Fahmy FS, Morgan MS, Saxby PJ. Source: Injury. 1994 May; 25(4): 262-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8206661&dopt=Abstract

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Patient satisfaction and outcomes of surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Ta KT, Eidelman D, Thomson JG. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1999 September; 24(5): 1071-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10509287&dopt=Abstract

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Peritendinitis and tenosynovitis. A review. Author(s): Kurppa K, Waris P, Rokkanen P. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 1979; 5 Suppl 3: 19-24. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=397615&dopt=Abstract

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Peroneal tenosynovitis following acute gonococcal infection. Author(s): Brown JT, Miller A. Source: Am J Orthop. 1996 June; 25(6): 445-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8798987&dopt=Abstract

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Peroneal tenosynovitis following ankle sprains. Author(s): Gray JM, Alpar EK. Source: Injury. 2001 July; 32(6): 487-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11476815&dopt=Abstract

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Peroneal tenosynovitis secondary to peroneal tubercle osteochondroma and calcaneal varus. Author(s): Ford TC. Source: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1995 April; 85(4): 214-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7738819&dopt=Abstract

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Peroneus longus tenosynovitis. Author(s): Folan JC. Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1981 December; 15(4): 277-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7317728&dopt=Abstract

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Pigmented villonodular synovitis and tenosynovitis: a clinical epidemiologic study of 166 cases and literature review. Author(s): Myers BW, Masi AT. Source: Medicine; Analytical Reviews of General Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, Dermatology, and Pediatrics. 1980 May; 59(3): 223-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7412554&dopt=Abstract

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Pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis of the temporomandibular joint. Author(s): Dinerman WS, Myers EN. Source: Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1977 January-February; 84(1): 132-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=857378&dopt=Abstract

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Pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis. A case report. Author(s): Stern RE, Gauger DW. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 1977 June; 59(4): 5601. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=863959&dopt=Abstract

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Pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Kerman BL, Mendelsohn ES. Source: J Foot Surg. 1978 Fall; 17(3): 122-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=753870&dopt=Abstract

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Polymicrobial tenosynovitis with Pasteurella multocida and other gram negative bacilli after a Siberian tiger bite. Author(s): Isotalo PA, Edgar D, Toye B. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2000 November; 53(11): 871-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11127273&dopt=Abstract

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Polytenosynovitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Author(s): Antezana E. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1979 November 3; 56(19): 746. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=505207&dopt=Abstract

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Polytenosynovitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Author(s): Vass M, Kullmann L, Csoka R, Magyar E. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1977 May; 59(2): 229-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=873984&dopt=Abstract

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Popliteus tendon tenosynovitis. Author(s): Mayfield GW. Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1977 January-February; 5(1): 31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=848633&dopt=Abstract

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Posterior tibial tenosynovitis secondary to foot strain. Author(s): Cozen L. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1965 September-October; 42: 101-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5845382&dopt=Abstract

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Postfracture extensor pollicis longus tenosynovitis and tendon rupture: a scientific study and personal series. Author(s): Skoff HD. Source: Am J Orthop. 2003 May; 32(5): 245-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12772876&dopt=Abstract

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Postpartum de Quervain's tenosynovitis of the wrist. Author(s): Bynum DK. Source: Am J Orthop. 2001 November; 30(11): 829. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11757862&dopt=Abstract

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Postvaccination serum sickness with de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Graham LE. Source: Rheumatology International. 2001 August; 20(6): 251-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11563587&dopt=Abstract

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Power Doppler sonography in tenosynovitis: significance of the peritendinous hypoechoic rim. Author(s): Breidahl WH, Stafford Johnson DB, Newman JS, Adler RS. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1998 February; 17(2): 103-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9527569&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence and incidence of stenosing flexor tenosynovitis (trigger finger) in a meatpacking plant. Author(s): Gorsche R, Wiley JP, Renger R, Brant R, Gemer TY, Sasyniuk TM. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 1998 June; 40(6): 556-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9636936&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of epicondylitis and tenosynovitis among meatcutters. Author(s): Roto P, Kivi P. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 1984 June; 10(3): 203-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6474113&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of tenosynovitis and other injuries of the upper extremities in repetitive work. Author(s): Luopajarvi T, Kuorinka I, Virolainen M, Holmberg M. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 1979; 5 Suppl 3: 48-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=545693&dopt=Abstract

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Primary amyloidosis presenting as extensor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Benito JR, Martinez I, Monner J, Paloma V, Castro V, Serra JM. Source: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1999 February; 103(2): 556-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9950544&dopt=Abstract

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Primary meningococcal tenosynovitis. Author(s): Trimble RB. Source: Iowa Med. 1990 October; 80(10): 485-6. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2124577&dopt=Abstract

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Progressive tenosynovitis with contractures and possible systemic involvement--a new heritable disorder of connective tissue? Author(s): Di Liberti JH, McKean R, Hecht F. Source: Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1975; 11(6): 81-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1201355&dopt=Abstract

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Prototheca wickerhamii tenosynovitis. Author(s): Moyer RA, Bush DC, Dennehy JJ. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1990 May; 17(5): 701-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2359084&dopt=Abstract

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Protracted Mycobacterium kansasii carpal tunnel syndrome and tenosynovitis. Author(s): Lidar M, Elkayam O, Goodwin D, Yaron M, Caspi D. Source: Isr Med Assoc J. 2003 June; 5(6): 453-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12841025&dopt=Abstract

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Psychomotor capacity and occurrence of wrist tenosynovitis. Author(s): Viikari-Juntura E, Hietanen M, Kurppa K, Huuskonen M, Kuosma E, Mutanen P. Source: J Occup Med. 1994 January; 36(1): 57-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8138849&dopt=Abstract

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Pulmonary nodule and aggressive tibialis posterior tenosynovitis in early rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Joosen H, Mellaerts B, Dereymaeker G, Westhovens R. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2000; 19(5): 392-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11055831&dopt=Abstract

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Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Boles SD, Schmidt CC. Source: Hand Clin. 1998 November; 14(4): 567-78. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9884895&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent tenosynovitis in Sweet's syndrome. Author(s): Brown AM, Davies MG, Hickling P. Source: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2002 September; 41(9): 1067-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12209043&dopt=Abstract

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Reduction flexor tenoplasty. Treatment of stenosing flexor tenosynovitis distal to the first pulley. Author(s): Seradge H, Kleinert HE. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1981 November; 6(6): 543-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7310072&dopt=Abstract

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Reliability of a vibration test in screening for predisposition to tenosynovitis. Author(s): Kuorinka I, Videman T, Lepisto M. Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1981; 47(4): 365-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7199439&dopt=Abstract

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Relief of acute occupational tenosynovitis. Author(s): Levine EJ. Source: Ohio State Med J. 1968 November; 64(11): 1275. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5749321&dopt=Abstract

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Rheumatoid factor and HLA antigens in wrist tenosynovitis and humeral epicondylitis. Author(s): Malmivaara A, Viikari-Juntura E, Huuskonen M, Aho K, Kivi P, Koskimies S, Kuosma E, Kurppa K. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1995; 24(3): 154-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7777826&dopt=Abstract

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Rheumatoid factor production in response to gonococcal polyarthritis and tenosynovitis. Author(s): Rajapakse CN, Swinson DR. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1984 June; 3(2): 259-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6467867&dopt=Abstract

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Rheumatoid flexor tenosynovitis and rupture. Author(s): Ferlic DC. Source: Hand Clin. 1996 August; 12(3): 561-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8842720&dopt=Abstract

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Rheumatoid flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Marmor L. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1963; 31: 97-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5888866&dopt=Abstract

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Rice-body formation in atypical mycobacterial tenosynovitis and bursitis: findings on sonography and MR imaging. Author(s): Chau CL, Griffith JF, Chan PT, Lui TH, Yu KS, Ngai WK. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2003 May; 180(5): 1455-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12704068&dopt=Abstract

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Sarcoid flexor tenosynovitis of the finger: a case report. Author(s): Stambough JL, Bora FW Jr, DuShuttle RP. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986 May; 11(3): 436-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3711623&dopt=Abstract

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Sarcoid flexor tenosynovitis of the wrist: a case report. Author(s): Katzman BM, Caligiuri DA, Klein DM, Perrier G, Dauterman PA. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1997 March; 22(2): 336-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9195436&dopt=Abstract

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Sarcoid tenosynovitis in the hand. A case report and literature review. Author(s): Merle M, Bour C, Foucher G, Saint Laurent Y. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1986 June; 11(2): 281-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3734581&dopt=Abstract

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Sarcoid tenosynovitis. Report of a case. Author(s): el Hassani S, Allali F, Lazrak N, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Source: Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1999 May; 66(5): 296-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10380265&dopt=Abstract

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Scintigraphy in severe tenosynovitis of the tibialis posterior tendon. Author(s): Kannangara S, Bruce W, Hutabarat SR, Magee M, Van der Wall H. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1999 September; 24(9): 694-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10478749&dopt=Abstract

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Scintigraphy of de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Sopov W, Rozenbaum M, Rosner I, Groshar D. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1999 February; 20(2): 175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10088168&dopt=Abstract

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Semimembranosus tenosynovitis: operative results. Author(s): Halperin N, Oren Y, Hendel D, Nathan N. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1987; 106(5): 281-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3632312&dopt=Abstract

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Serous flexor tenosynovitis as an associated finding in meningococcal septic polyarthritis. Author(s): Chin KR, Miller BS, Koris MJ. Source: Am J Orthop. 2002 February; 31(2): 88-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11876283&dopt=Abstract

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Sesamoiditis of the index finger presenting as acute suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Lang CJ, Lourie GM. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1999 November; 24(6): 1327-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10584962&dopt=Abstract

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Severe progressive subcutaneous abscesses and necrotizing tenosynovitis caused by Rhodococcus aurantiacus. Author(s): Tsukamura M, Hikosaka K, Nishimura K, Hara S. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1988 February; 26(2): 201-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3343320&dopt=Abstract

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Simultaneous purulent flexor tenosynovitis of multiple digits. Author(s): Gonzalez MH, Prinz P, Hall RF Jr. Source: J South Orthop Assoc. 1998 Summer; 7(2): 109-12. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9665688&dopt=Abstract

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Sporothrix schenckii tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Hay EL, Collawn SS, Middleton FG. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986 May; 11(3): 431-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3711621&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing peroneal tenosynovitis symptomatically simulating ankle instability. Author(s): Andersen E. Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1987 May-June; 15(3): 258-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3618876&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis and impingement of the peroneal tendons associated with hypertrophy of the peroneal tubercle. Author(s): Bruce WD, Christofersen MR, Phillips DL. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 1999 July; 20(7): 464-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10437932&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis from migrated skin staples. Author(s): Balakrishnan C, Flynn LM, Meininger MS. Source: Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 1995 August; 21(5): 392-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7546267&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis in Dupuytren's contracture. Author(s): Burgess RC, Watson HK. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1987 January; 12(1): 89-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3805648&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris. Author(s): Hajj AA, Wood MB. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986 July; 11(4): 519-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3722761&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris. Author(s): Crimmins CA, Jones NF. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1995 July; 35(1): 105-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7574276&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the fingers and thumb. Results of a prospective trial of steroid injection and splinting. Author(s): Rhoades CE, Gelberman RH, Manjarris JF. Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1984 November; (190): 236-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6488636&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon at the sesamoid area. Author(s): Sanhudo JA. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 September; 23(9): 801-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12356176&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in a classical ballet dancer. A case report. Author(s): Tudisco C, Puddu G. Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1984 September-October; 12(5): 403-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6496839&dopt=Abstract

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the pseudosheath of the tendo achilles. Author(s): Gould N, Korson R. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 July; 23(7): 595-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12146768&dopt=Abstract

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Sterile flexor tenosynovitis of the hand: a report of three cases. Author(s): Zubowicz VN, Raine TR. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1986 January; 11(1): 140-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3944430&dopt=Abstract

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Steroid injections for tenosynovitis in the hand. Author(s): Otto N, Wehbe MA. Source: Orthop Rev. 1986 May; 15(5): 290-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3453936&dopt=Abstract

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Superior oblique tenosynovitis (Brown's syndrome) as a manifestation of adult Still's disease. Author(s): Kaufman LD, Sibony PA, Anand AK, Gruber BL. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1987 June; 14(3): 625-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3625648&dopt=Abstract

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Suppurative extensor tenosynovitis of the extensor carpi ulnalis tendon sheath. Author(s): Loncarich D, Shin A. Source: Am J Orthop. 2002 November; 31(11): 637-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12463585&dopt=Abstract

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Suppurative flexor tenosynovitis after accidental self-inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae type I. Author(s): Little JS, O'Reilly MJ, Higbee JW, Camp RA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1984 December 7; 252(21): 3003-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6502863&dopt=Abstract

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Suppurative tenosynovitis revisited. Author(s): Davidson JS. Source: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 1998 June; 51(4): 324-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9771355&dopt=Abstract

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Surgical release of de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis postpartum: can it wait? Author(s): Capasso G, Testa V, Maffulli N, Turco G, Piluso G. Source: International Orthopaedics. 2002; 26(1): 23-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11954843&dopt=Abstract

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Symmetrical hypopigmentation following triamcinolone injection for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Evans AV, McGibbon DH. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2002 May; 27(3): 247-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12072019&dopt=Abstract

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Symptomatic restrictive thumb-index flexor tenosynovitis: incidence of musculotendinous anomalies and results of treatment. Author(s): Lombardi RM, Wood MB, Linscheid RL. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1988 May; 13(3): 325-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3379262&dopt=Abstract

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Tenography in unresolved ankle tenosynovitis. Author(s): Reinus WR, Gilula LA, Lesiak LF, Blair VA, Winer M. Source: Orthopedics. 1987 March; 10(3): 497-504. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3575176&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis and transient arthritis associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia. Author(s): Mustafa MM, Lebel MH, McCracken GH Jr. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1988 July; 7(7): 517-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3261417&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis caused by Exophiala mansonii in an immunocompromised host. Author(s): Collee G, Verhoef LH, van't Wout JW, van Brummelen P, Eulderink F, Dijkmans BA. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1988 September; 31(9): 1213-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3422023&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare and Mycobacterium chelonei: report of two cases with review of the literature. Author(s): Toussirot E, Chevrolet A, Wendling D. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 1998; 17(2): 152-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9641515&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis in industry: menace or misnomer? Author(s): King B, Wollaston JF, Gillanders TG. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1987 August 22; 295(6596): 501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3117188&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis in industry: menace or misnomer? Author(s): Evans G. Source: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 1987 June 20; 294(6587): 1569-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2957020&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis in meningococcemia. Author(s): Pollet SM, Leek JC. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1987 February; 30(2): 232-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3103633&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon. Author(s): Bare AA, Haddad SL. Source: Foot Ankle Clin. 2001 March; 6(1): 37-66. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11385927&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis of the superior oblique muscle (Brown syndrome) associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Roifman CM, Lavi S, Moore AT, Morin DJ, Stein LD, Gelfand EW. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1985 April; 106(4): 617-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3981317&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis of the wrist. A sonographic demonstration. Author(s): Gooding GA. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1988 April; 7(4): 225-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3285028&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis with acute onset: unexpected giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath. Author(s): Kruithof E, Baeten D, Dierckxsens P, Veys EM, De Keyser F. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002 September; 61(9): 847. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12176815&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis, peritendinitis and the tennis elbow syndrome. Author(s): Viikari-Juntura E. Source: Scand J Work Environ Health. 1984 December; 10(6 Spec No): 443-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6398912&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis. Author(s): Alderman C. Source: Nurs Stand. 1988 June 18; 2(37): 34. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3045637&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis. Author(s): Fry HJ. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987 October; 80(10): 659-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3694605&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis. Author(s): Watson NA. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1988 December; 81(12): 742. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3221373&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis. Author(s): Fry HJ. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1987 February; 12(1): 148-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3572170&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis. Author(s): Helal B. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987 February; 80(2): 68-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3560147&dopt=Abstract

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Tenosynovitis: tendon and nerve entrapment. Author(s): Rosenthal EA. Source: Hand Clin. 1987 November; 3(4): 585-609. Erratum In: Hand Clin 1988 May; 4(2): X. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3693421&dopt=Abstract

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The sequelae of late diagnosis in tuberculous flexor tenosynovitis of the hand--a report of 2 cases. Author(s): Kriegs-Au G, Ganger R, Petje G. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2003 April; 74(2): 221-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12807334&dopt=Abstract

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The stethoscope as a diagnostic aid in tenosynovitis. Author(s): Adler RH, Gertsch M. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 January 14; 340(2): 156. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9917225&dopt=Abstract

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Thorn-induced Alternaria flexor tenosynovitis of the hand. Author(s): Brady RC, Sommerkamp TG. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2001 November; 20(11): 1097-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11734723&dopt=Abstract

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Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Steroids in De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Jones A. Source: Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine. 1998 November; 15(6): 381. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10454815&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of rheumatoid tenosynovitis with cytokine inhibitors. Author(s): Jain A, Brennan F, Nanchahal J. Source: Lancet. 2002 November 16; 360(9345): 1565-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12443596&dopt=Abstract

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Trigger wrist and flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Smith RD, O'Leary ST, McCullough CJ. Source: Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Lothian). 1998 December; 23(6): 813-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9888691&dopt=Abstract

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Tubercular tonsillitis and tenosynovitis in a renal transplant recipient. Author(s): Jha V, Hayat A, Nahar U, Kohli HS, Sud K, Gupta KL, Sakhuja V. Source: Transplantation. 2003 July 15; 76(1): 269-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12865826&dopt=Abstract

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Tuberculous fasciitis with tenosynovitis. Author(s): Lakhanpal S, Linscheid RL, Ferguson RH, Ginsburg WW. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1987 June; 14(3): 621-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3625647&dopt=Abstract

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Tuberculous tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome as a presentation of HIV disease. Author(s): Andersson MI, Willcox PA. Source: The Journal of Infection. 1999 November; 39(3): 240-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10714804&dopt=Abstract

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Tuberculous tenosynovitis of the tibialis anterior tendon: a case report. Author(s): Hooker MS, Schaefer RA, Fishbain JT, Belnap CM. Source: Foot & Ankle International / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society. 2002 December; 23(12): 1131-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12503806&dopt=Abstract

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Tuberculous tenosynovitis. Author(s): Garcia Cebrian F. Source: Chest. 1988 November; 94(5): 1119. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3180883&dopt=Abstract

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Tuberculous tenosynovitis: a rare manifestation of a common disease. Author(s): al Soub H. Source: Int J Clin Pract. 1998 January-February; 52(1): 56-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9536572&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrasonographic diagnosis of de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Author(s): Kamel M, Moghazy K, Eid H, Mansour R. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2002 November; 61(11): 1034-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12379534&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrasonography of foreign-body tenosynovitis. Author(s): Groleau S, Chhem RK, Younge D, Basora J. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1992 December; 43(6): 454-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1450978&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrasound findings in Lofgren's syndrome: is ankle swelling caused by arthritis, tenosynovitis or periarthritis? Author(s): Kellner H, Spathling S, Herzer P. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1992 January; 19(1): 38-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1556697&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual course of the extensor pollicis longus tendon associated with tenosynovitis, presenting as de Quervain disease--a case report. Author(s): Nishijo K, Kotani H, Miki T, Senzoku F, Ueo T. Source: Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2000 August; 71(4): 426-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11028897&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual manifestations of miliary tuberculosis: cutaneous lesions, phalanx osteomyelitis, and paradoxical expansion of tenosynovitis. Author(s): Corbella X, Carratala J, Rufi G, Gudiol F. Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1993 January; 16(1): 179-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8448305&dopt=Abstract

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Upper limb pyrophosphate tenosynovitis outside the carpal tunnel. Author(s): Gerster JC, Lagier R. Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1989 August; 48(8): 689-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2551257&dopt=Abstract

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Use of sonography in the early detection of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. Author(s): Schecter WP, Markison RE, Jeffrey RB, Barton RM, Laing F. Source: The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1989 March; 14(2 Pt 1): 307-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2649550&dopt=Abstract

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Volar tenosynovitis of wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Ranawat C, Straub LR. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1970 March-April; 13(2): 112-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5421721&dopt=Abstract

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What do doctors mean by tenosynovitis and repetitive strain injury? Author(s): Diwaker HN, Stothard J. Source: Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 1995 April; 45(2): 97-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7718827&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND TENOSYNOVITIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and tenosynovitis.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Tenosynovitis The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “tenosynovitis” (or a synonym): •

Clinical and pathologic analyses of bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs. Author(s): Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA. Source: Gilley, R S Wallace, L J Hayden, D W Am-J-Vet-Res. 2002 March; 63(3): 402-7 0002-9645

•

Corticosteroid responsive tenosynovitis is a common pathway for limited joint mobility in the diabetic hand. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, USA. Source: Sibbitt, W L Eaton, R P J-Rheumatol. 1997 May; 24(5): 931-6 0315-162X

•

De Quervain's tenosynovitis and ganglion over first dorsal extensor retinacular compartment. Author(s): Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 'O' Unit, Singapore General Hospital. Source: Tan, M Y Low, C K Tan, S K Ann-Acad-Med-Singapore. 1994 November; 23(6): 885-6 0304-4602

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

•

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Nutrition

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Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. TENOSYNOVITIS

ALTERNATIVE

MEDICINE

AND

Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to tenosynovitis. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to tenosynovitis and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to tenosynovitis: •

A brush with tenosynovitis. Author(s): Smythies JR. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987 February; 80(2): 105-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3560138&dopt=Abstract

•

Achilles and peroneal tendon injuries in the athlete. An expert's perspective. Author(s): Subotnick SI. Source: Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1997 July; 14(3): 447-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9257033&dopt=Abstract

•

Acupuncture treatment of superficial pain by subcutaneous needling. Author(s): Wu S, Zhu J, Gong W.

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Source: J Tradit Chin Med. 2002 June; 22(2): 117-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12125484&dopt=Abstract •

Endoscopically assisted annular ligament release in horses. Author(s): Nixon AJ, Sams AE, Ducharme NG. Source: Veterinary Surgery : Vs : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons. 1993 November-December; 22(6): 501-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8116207&dopt=Abstract

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Mobilization with movement as an adjunct intervention in a patient with complicated de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a case report. Author(s): Backstrom KM. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2002 March; 32(3): 8694; Discussion 94-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12168742&dopt=Abstract

•

Pulmonary nodule and aggressive tibialis posterior tenosynovitis in early rheumatoid arthritis. Author(s): Joosen H, Mellaerts B, Dereymaeker G, Westhovens R. Source: Clinical Rheumatology. 2000; 19(5): 392-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11055831&dopt=Abstract

•

Semimembranosus tenosynovitis: operative results. Author(s): Halperin N, Oren Y, Hendel D, Nathan N. Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1987; 106(5): 281-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3632312&dopt=Abstract

•

The use and abuse of massage and exercise. Author(s): Corbett M. Source: The Practitioner. 1972 January; 208(243): 136-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4536905&dopt=Abstract

•

Traumatic tenosynovitis of the wrist. Author(s): Paton HO. Source: British Medical Journal. 1978 March 25; 1(6115): 789. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=630365&dopt=Abstract

•

Use of tenoscopy for management of septic tenosynovitis caused by a penetrating porcupine quill in the synovial sheath surrounding the digital flexor tendons of a horse. Author(s): Magee AA, Ragle CA, Howlett MR.

Alternative Medicine 53

Source: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 June 15; 210(12): 1768-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9187727&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

•

drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON TENOSYNOVITIS Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.5 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “tenosynovitis” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on tenosynovitis, we have not necessarily excluded nonmedical patents in this bibliography.

Patent Applications on Tenosynovitis As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.6 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to tenosynovitis:

5Adapted

from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm. 6 This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

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•

Supporting device for music instrument Inventor(s): Sundstrom, Jari; (Kouvola, FI) Correspondence: Burns Doane Swecker & Mathis L L P; Post Office Box 1404; Alexandria; VA; 22313-1404; US Patent Application Number: 20030164083 Date filed: October 15, 2002 Abstract: The handrest facilitates the supporting of musical instruments and similar objects. When the player supports a musical instrument over long periods of times, the tendon between his thumb and wrist will be susceptible to tenosynovitis and the edge of his thumb will grow a callus. A handrest consisting of the parts (1-6) shown in FIG. 1 shifts the weight of the object to be supported from the thumb to the area between the thumb and the index finger. The control members allow the handrest to be adapted to different hand sizes and playing styles. The use of a handrest allows longer practising periods and more rapid and sensitive fingering. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a handrest intended to facilitate the support of woodwind instruments and similar objects. Previously the weight of the instrument used to be supported by the tip of the thumb/the edge of the thumb tip. A belt passing behind the player's neck was used to carry heavier instruments, such as for instance a saxophone. Due to the conventional manner of supporting without auxiliary means, the tendon between the thumb and the wrist was exposed to strain, resulting in tenosynovitis. The edge of the thumb tip tended to grow a callus and started developing a tumour in the rubbed area. When a handrest is used, the weight of the instrument is shifted from the thumb to the fold between the thumb and the index finger. This reduces the strain on the sheath of the tendon, and the thumb will no longer grow a callus. This allows longer practicing periods and more rapid achievements, while providing more sensitive fingering techniques. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with tenosynovitis, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on tenosynovitis. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning tenosynovitis. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON TENOSYNOVITIS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to tenosynovitis. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on tenosynovitis include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on tenosynovitis: •

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Caring for Your Hands Source: Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. 1995. 40 p. Contact: American Occupational Therapy Association, 4720 Montgomery Lane, P.O. Box 31220, Bethesda, MD 20824-1220. (301) 652-2682. (800) 377-8555 ( TDD ). (301) 652-7711 (fax). Summary: This book for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) provides information for minimizing joint inflammation and protecting joints from damage. Causes of pain in RA are identified, including inflammation and swelling, deterioration of cartilage, pressure on the bone, and tenosynovitis. Common causes of deformities in RA are discussed, including joint contracture , joint instability, and tenosynovitis. Specific hand deformities are described, their causes are explained, and steps that individuals can take to minimize these deformities are presented. Signs of inflammation are identified, including pain and morning stiffness. Techniques for managing pain and

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stiffness in hands are suggested. Guidelines are provided for protecting joints, relieving muscle tension, using splints, maintaining mobility, and fighting fatigue. A list of additional resources is also included. 4 references, 17 figures, and 1 table.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “tenosynovitis” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “tenosynovitis” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “tenosynovitis” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis by Louis Patry, et al; ISBN: 2921146711; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/2921146711/icongroupinterna

•

Repetitive Strain Injuries: Explorer's Guidebook to Tenosynovitis (Teno Cumulative Trauma Syndromes and Occupation Cervicobrachia Disorders) by Paul Brennan; ISBN: 0958949409; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0958949409/icongroupinterna

The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:7 •

Non-suppurative tenosynovitis; a clinical and pathologic study. Author: Lipscomb, Paul Rogers,; Year: 1963; [Minneapolis] 1942

•

Occupational disease reports of synovitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis and other inflammatory diseases of muscle, tendon, and fascia. Author: California. Bureau of Adult Health.; Year: 1962; Berkeley, 1956

7

In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.

Books

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Chapters on Tenosynovitis In order to find chapters that specifically relate to tenosynovitis, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and tenosynovitis using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on tenosynovitis: •

Immunodeficiency Source: in Maddison, P.J.; et al., Eds. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. Volume 2. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. 1993. p. 608-613. Contact: Available from Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY. Summary: This chapter for health professionals discusses immunodeficiency as a complication of joint disease. Immunodeficiencies are classified into primary and secondary categories. The origin of infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of mycoplasma arthritis, one of the joint diseases in primary hypogammaglobulinemia, are discussed. Other joint diseases in primary hypogammaglobulinemia are highlighted, including bacterial septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic arthritis of the knee, chronic tenosynovitis and arthritis, and echovirus disease. Examples of defects in cellular immunity, complement deficiencies, and neutrophil defects are also presented. 24 references, 2 figures, and 2 tables.

•

Chapter 8-D: Musculoskeletal Signs and Symptoms: Regional Rheumatic Pain Syndromes Source: in Klippel, J.H., et al., eds. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. 12th ed. Atlanta, GA: Arthritis Foundation. 2001. p. 174-188. Contact: Available from Arthritis Foundation. P.O. Box 1616, Alpharetta, GA 300091616. (800) 207-8633. Fax (credit card orders only) (770) 442-9742. Website: www.arthritis.org. PRICE: $69.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0912423293. Summary: This chapter provides health professionals with information on the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and management of regional rheumatic pain syndromes, focusing on disorders involving the muscles, tendons, entheses, joints, cartilage, ligaments, fascia, bone, and nerves. Disorders of the shoulder region include rotator cuff tendinitis, rotator cuff tear, bicipital tendinitis, adhesive capsulitis, suprascapular neuropathy, long thoracic nerve paralysis, brachial plexopathy, and thoracic outlet syndrome. Various conditions affect the elbow region, including olecranon bursitis, lateral and medial epicondylitis, tendinitis of musculotendinous insertion of biceps, and ulnar nerve entrapment. Disorders affecting the wrist and hand include ganglion, de Quervain's tenosynovitis, tenosynovitis of the wrist, pronator teres syndrome, anterior and posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, radial nerve palsy, superficial radial neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist, volar flexor tenosynovitis, and Dupuytren's contracture. Disorders of the hip region include trochanteric, iliopsoas, and ischial bursitis; piriformis syndrome; and meralgia paresthetica. Disorders affecting the knee region include popliteal cysts, anserine and prepatellar bursitis, medial plica syndrome, popliteal tendinitis, Pellegrini-Stieda

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syndrome, patellar tendinitis, rupture of the quadriceps tendon and infrapatellar tendon, peroneal nerve palsy, and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Disorders of the ankle and foot include Achilles tendinitis, retrocalcaneal and subcutaneous Achilles bursitis, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendon rupture, tarsal tunnel syndrome, posterior tibial tendinitis, peroneal tendon dislocation and peroneal tendinitis, hallux valgus, bunionette, hammertoe, Morton's neuroma, metatarsalgia, pes planus, pes cavus, and posterior tibialis tendon rupture. Various disorders may affect the anterior chest wall, among them Tietze's syndrome, costochondritis, xiphoid cartilage syndrome, and conditions affecting the sternoclavicular joint. The chapter also identifies general causative factors and presents general management concepts, focusing on drug therapy, intralesional injections, and physical therapy. 3 figures and 26 references. •

Chapter 55: Disorders of the Muscles, Bursas, and Tendons Source: in Berkow, R., ed. The Merck Manual of Medical Information: Home Edition (online version). Rahway, NJ: Merck and Company, Inc. 2000. 6 p. Contact: Available online from Merck and Company, Inc. (800) 819-9456. Website: www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/contents.htm. Also available from your local book store. PRICE: $29.95 plus shipping. Summary: This chapter provides the general public and people who have disorders of muscles, bursas, and tendons with information on their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Spasmodic torticollis is a painful intermittent or continuous spasm of the neck muscles that forces the head to rotate and tilt forward, backward, or sideways. Torticollis varies from mild to severe, and it may persist for life. Diagnosis is based on the medical history, a physical examination, and imaging tests. When a cause is identified, the torticollis can usually be treated successfully. However, treatment is less likely to be effective when the cause is a nervous system disorder or is unknown. Physical therapy or massage can sometimes relieve the spasm temporarily. Drugs such as anticholinergics and benzodiazepines are commonly used. Muscle relaxants and antidepressants may also be prescribed. Fibromyalgia syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by achy pain and stiffness in soft tissues throughout the body or only in certain locations. Widespread fibromyalgia is more common in women, whereas localized fibromyalgia is more common in men. The cause is unknown. The most commonly affected areas include the fibrous tissues or muscles of the neck, shoulders, chest, rib cage, lower back, and thighs. Diagnosis is based on the pattern and location of the pain. Nondrug treatments are usually more effective than drugs. Bursitis, which may be either acute or chronic, is the painful inflammation of a bursa caused by chronic overuse, injury, gout, pseudogout, rheumatoid arthritis, or infections. General symptoms include pain and limited movement. Specific symptoms depend on the location of the inflamed bursa. Bursitis is suspected if the area around a bursa is sore when touched and specific joint movements are painful. Antibiotics are used to treat infected bursas, whereas conservative measures and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are usually used to treat noninfectious acute bursitis. Chronic bursitis is treated similarly. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, and tenosynovitis is tendinitis accompanied by an inflammation of the sheath around the tendon. Symptoms of both disorders include pain and swelling. Treatment options that may alleviate the symptoms of tendinitis include conservative measures, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and injection of corticosteroids and local anesthetics. 1 figure.

Books

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Section Four: Hand and Wrist Source: in Greene, W.B., Ed. Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care. 2nd ed. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). 2001. p. 198-291. Contact: Available from American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). 6300 North River Road, Rosemont, IL 60018-4262. (800) 626-6726 (toll-free) or (847) 823-7186. Fax (800) 823-8025 (toll-free) or (847) 823-8025. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.aaos.org. PRICE: $105.00 for nonmembers; $90.00 AAOS members; $80.00 for residents; plus shipping and handling. ISBN 0892032170. Summary: This section of a book on musculoskeletal care provides health professionals with information on common conditions affecting the hand and wrist, including acute and chronic or repetitive injuries and degenerative, inflammatory, or idiopathic conditions. The section begins with information on the principles of evaluating and examining a patient presenting with a hand or wrist complaint, focusing on inspection, palpation, range of motion, muscle testing, and special testing. This is followed by a description of animal and human bite injuries; arthritis of the hand, thumb carpometacarpal joint, and wrist; boutonniere deformity; carpal tunnel syndrome; de Quervain tenosynovitis; Dupuytren disease; fingertip infections, injuries, and amputations; flexor tendon injuries and infections; fracture of the distal radius, scaphoid, metacarpals, phalanges, and base of the thumb metacarpal; ganglia of the wrist and hand; Kienbock disease; mallet finger; nail injuries; sprains and dislocations of the hand; trigger finger; tumors of the hand and wrist; and ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist. Information includes synonyms for and red flags associated with each condition; the definition, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, adverse outcomes, and treatment of the condition; diagnostic tests; and adverse treatment outcomes. Other topics include metacarpophalangeal or proximal interphalangeal joint, thumb, carpal tunnel, de Quervain, and trigger finger injection; wrist aspiration or injection; digital anesthetic block of the hand; ganglion aspiration; and fishhook removal. 108 figures and 3 tables.

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CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON TENOSYNOVITIS Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover tenosynovitis.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on tenosynovitis is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to tenosynovitis. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms). The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date

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at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to tenosynovitis, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on tenosynovitis:

Periodicals and News

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Bursitis and Tendonitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Source: Lupus News. 17(3):10-11; Autumn 1997. Contact: Lupus Foundation of America, Inc., 1300 Piccard Drive, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850-4303. (301) 670-9292. (301) 670-9486 (fax). Summary: This newsletter article for individuals with lupus discusses the occurrence of bursitis and tendinitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It describes both conditions and identifies their causes. The article presents the signs and symptoms of tendinitis and bursitis and describes the features of olecranon bursitis, trochanteric bursitis, Achilles tendinitis, and tenosynovitis of the fingers. In addition, the article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of tendinitis and bursitis, and it explains tendon rupture, a serious but rare complication of SLE.

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Rheumatic Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus Source: Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases. 49(5): 1-4. 2000. Contact: Available from Arthritis Foundation. 1330 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30309. (404) 872-7100. Fax (404) 872-9559. Summary: This newsletter article provides health professionals with information on the rheumatic manifestations of diabetes mellitus. There are several musculoskeletal disorders that occur either exclusively or predominantly in people who have diabetes, so the presence of this disease must be recognized when evaluating and treating patients who have musculoskeletal complaints. Syndromes related to increased collagen deposition include cheiroarthropathy, frozen shoulder, flexor tenosynovitis, and Dupuytren's contracture. Syndromes related to neuropathy, a frequent complication of diabetes, include Charcot's arthropathy and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Other syndromes and conditions that people who have diabetes may be more prone to are osteoarthritis, osteopenia, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, infections, gout, pseudogout, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. The effect of various treatment modalities on musculoskeletal complaints in people who have diabetes must also be considered. Drugs commonly used for musculoskeletal conditions include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids; however, these drugs may have an adverse impact on patients who also have diabetes. 1 table and 20 references.

Academic Periodicals covering Tenosynovitis Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to tenosynovitis. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering tenosynovitis that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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CHAPTER 7. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for tenosynovitis. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI® Advice for the Patient® can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with tenosynovitis. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks, etc.). The

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following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to tenosynovitis: Corticosteroids •

Dental - U.S. Brands: Kenalog in Orabase; Orabase-HCA; Oracort; Oralone http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202010.html

•

Inhalation - U.S. Brands: AeroBid; AeroBid-M; Azmacort; Beclovent; Decadron Respihaler; Pulmicort Respules; Pulmicort Turbuhaler; Vanceril; Vanceril 84 mcg Double Strength http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202011.html

•

Nasal - U.S. Brands: Beconase; Beconase AQ; Dexacort Turbinaire; Flonase; Nasacort; Nasacort AQ; Nasalide; Nasarel; Nasonex; Rhinocort; Vancenase; Vancenase AQ 84 mcg; Vancenase pockethaler http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202012.html

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Ophthalmic - U.S. Brands: AK-Dex; AK-Pred; AK-Tate; Baldex; Decadron; Dexair; Dexotic; Econopred; Econopred Plus; Eflone; Flarex; Fluor-Op; FML Forte; FML Liquifilm; FML S.O.P.; HMS Liquifilm; Inflamase Forte; Inflamase Mild; I-Pred; Lite Pred; Maxidex; Ocu-Dex; Ocu-Pred; Ocu-Pr http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202013.html

•

Otic - U.S. Brands: Decadron http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202014.html

•

Rectal - U.S. Brands: Anucort-HC; Anu-Med HC; Anuprep HC; Anusol-HC; Anutone-HC; Anuzone-HC; Cort-Dome; Cortenema; Cortifoam; Hemorrhoidal HC; Hemril-HC Uniserts; Proctocort; Proctosol-HC; Rectosol-HC http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203366.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult™ Mosby’s Drug Consult™ database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/. PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html.

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Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute8: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

8

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.9 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:10 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

9

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 10 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway11 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.12 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 2213 15 4 0 0 2232

HSTAT13 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.14 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.15 Simply search by “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

11

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

12

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 13 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 14 15

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists16 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.17 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.18 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

16 Adapted 17

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 18 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on tenosynovitis can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to tenosynovitis. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to tenosynovitis. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “tenosynovitis”:

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•

Other guides Connective Tissue Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/connectivetissuedisorders.html Ergonomics http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ergonomics.html Hand Injuries and Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/handinjuriesanddisorders.html Occupational Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/occupationalhealth.html Tendinitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tendinitis.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on tenosynovitis. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis Source: San Bruno, CA: StayWell Company. 1999. 6 p. Contact: Available from StayWell Company. 1100 Grundy Lane, San Bruno, CA 940663030. (800) 333-3032. Website: www.staywell.com. PRICE: Call or write for current pricing on single and bulk orders. Summary: This illustrated brochure provides people who have de Quervain's tenosynovitis with information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of this inflammation of tendons and synovium on the thumb side of the wrist. Repetitive motion or injury can irritate the tendons. The most common symptom is pain. Diagnosis is based on a physical examination. Treatments can be nonsurgical or surgical. Nonsurgical options include resting the wrist, taking oral antiinflammatory medication, wearing a splint, or having an antiinflammatory drug injection. Surgery can be used to release the tendons so they can move more easily. Following surgery, physical therapy is used to help the patient regain strength and movement in the thumb. 3 figures.

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The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to tenosynovitis. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to tenosynovitis. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with tenosynovitis. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about tenosynovitis. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at

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http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “tenosynovitis” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “tenosynovitis”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “tenosynovitis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “tenosynovitis” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

83

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.19

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

19

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)20: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

20

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

85

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

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Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

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On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

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Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

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Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on tenosynovitis: •

Basic Guidelines for Tenosynovitis Tenosynovitis Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001242.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Tenosynovitis Difficulty straightening a joint or extremity Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003261.htm Joint swelling Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003262.htm Muscle Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003193.htm Pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003261.htm

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Swelling Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003103.htm •

Background Topics for Tenosynovitis Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Strain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000042.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

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Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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TENOSYNOVITIS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abduction: Forcible pulling of a limb away from its natural position, a risk in road accidents and disasters; move outwards away from middle line. [NIH] Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, eating, etc., in rehabilitation. [NIH] Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adrenal Glands: Paired glands situated in the retroperitoneal tissues at the superior pole of each kidney. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Aetiology: Study of the causes of disease. [EU] Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. [NIH]

Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveolitis: Inflammation of an alveolus. Called also odontobothritis. [EU] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. [NIH] Amyloidosis: A group of diseases in which protein is deposited in specific organs (localized amyloidosis) or throughout the body (systemic amyloidosis). Amyloidosis may be either primary (with no known cause) or secondary (caused by another disease, including some types of cancer). Generally, primary amyloidosis affects the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, and liver; secondary amyloidosis often affects the spleen, kidneys, liver, and adrenal glands. [NIH] Anaerobic: 1. Lacking molecular oxygen. 2. Growing, living, or occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen; pertaining to an anaerobe. [EU] Analogous: Resembling or similar in some respects, as in function or appearance, but not in origin or development;. [EU]

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Anaphylatoxins: The family of peptides C3a, C4a, C5a, and C5a des-arginine produced in the serum during complement activation. They produce smooth muscle contraction, mast cell histamine release, affect platelet aggregation, and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from strongest to weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. The latter is the so-called "classical" anaphylatoxin but shows no spasmogenic activity though it contains some chemotactic ability. [NIH] Androgens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. [NIH] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Anesthetics: Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. [NIH] Ankle: That part of the lower limb directly above the foot. [NIH] Anomalies: Birth defects; abnormalities. [NIH] Antiallergic: Counteracting allergy or allergic conditions. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Anticholinergics: Medicines that calm muscle spasms in the intestine. Examples are dicyclomine (dy-SY-kloh-meen) (Bentyl) and hyoscyamine (HY-oh-SY-uh-meen) (Levsin). [NIH]

Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes immune complex diseases. [NIH] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Aponeurosis: Tendinous expansion consisting of a fibrous or membranous sheath which serves as a fascia to enclose or bind a group of muscles. [NIH] Aqueous: Having to do with water. [NIH]

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Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arthralgia: Pain in the joint. [NIH] Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. [NIH] Arthropathy: Any joint disease. [EU] Articular: Of or pertaining to a joint. [EU] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrophy: Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. [NIH] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Axilla: The underarm or armpit. [NIH] Bacteremia: The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacteriophage: A virus whose host is a bacterial cell; A virus that exclusively infects bacteria. It generally has a protein coat surrounding the genome (DNA or RNA). One of the coliphages most extensively studied is the lambda phage, which is also one of the most important. [NIH] Bacteriostatic: 1. Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria. 2. An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria. [EU] Bacterium: Microscopic organism which may have a spherical, rod-like, or spiral unicellular or non-cellular body. Bacteria usually reproduce through asexual processes. [NIH] Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Benign tumor: A noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Benzene: Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon biproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene

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causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide. [NIH] Benzodiazepines: A two-ring heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any Hisomer. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood pressure: The pressure of blood against the walls of a blood vessel or heart chamber. Unless there is reference to another location, such as the pulmonary artery or one of the heart chambers, it refers to the pressure in the systemic arteries, as measured, for example, in the forearm. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Brachial: All the nerves from the arm are ripped from the spinal cord. [NIH] Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Breakdown: A physical, metal, or nervous collapse. [NIH] Broad-spectrum: Effective against a wide range of microorganisms; said of an antibiotic. [EU] Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Bunion: A swelling of the bursa mucosa of the ball of the great toe, with thickening of the overlying skin and forcing of the toe outward. [NIH] Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, occasionally accompanied by a calcific deposit in the underlying supraspinatus tendon; the most common site is the subdeltoid bursa. [EU] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH]

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Calculi: An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones. [NIH] Callus: A callosity or hard, thick skin; the bone-like reparative substance that is formed round the edges and fragments of broken bone. [NIH] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A median nerve injury inside the carpal tunnel that results in symptoms of pain, numbness, tingling, clumsiness, and a lack of sweating, which can be caused by work with certain hand and wrist postures. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Chemotactic Factors: Chemical substances that attract or repel cells or organisms. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells to the site of infection or insult. [NIH] Chest wall: The ribs and muscles, bones, and joints that make up the area of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the retina and sclera. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA

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molecules. [NIH] Cofactor: A substance, microorganism or environmental factor that activates or enhances the action of another entity such as a disease-causing agent. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Collapse: 1. A state of extreme prostration and depression, with failure of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls of any part of organ. [EU] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH]

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Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue Cells: A group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells. [NIH] Contraceptive: An agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception. [EU] Contracture: A condition of fixed high resistance to passive stretch of a muscle, resulting from fibrosis of the tissues supporting the muscles or the joints, or from disorders of the muscle fibres. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Cor: The muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. c. adiposum a heart that has undergone fatty degeneration or that has an accumulation of fat around it; called also fat or fatty, heart. c. arteriosum the left side of the heart, so called because it contains oxygenated (arterial) blood. c. biloculare a congenital anomaly characterized by failure of formation of the atrial and ventricular septums, the heart having only two chambers, a single atrium and a single ventricle, and a common atrioventricular valve. c. bovinum (L. 'ox heart') a greatly enlarged heart due to a hypertrophied left ventricle; called also c. taurinum and bucardia. c. dextrum (L. 'right heart') the right atrium and ventricle. c. hirsutum, c. villosum. c. mobile (obs.) an abnormally movable heart. c. pendulum a heart so movable that it seems to be hanging by the great blood vessels. c. pseudotriloculare biatriatum a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the heart functions as a three-chambered heart because of tricuspid atresia, the right ventricle being extremely small or rudimentary and the right atrium greatly dilated. Blood passes from the right to the left atrium and thence disease due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to disease of the lung, or its blood vessels, with hypertrophy of the right ventricle. [EU] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Corticosteroid: Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids, or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids, chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; mineralocorticoids, affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance; and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees, and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory agents, and to suppress the immune response. Called also adrenocortical hormone and corticoid. [EU] Cryptococcosis: Infection with a fungus of the species Cryptococcus neoformans. [NIH]

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Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Dermatitis: Any inflammation of the skin. [NIH] Diabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders that share glucose intolerance in common. [NIH] Diagnosis, Differential: Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dislocation: The displacement of any part, more especially of a bone. Called also luxation. [EU]

Distal: Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposed to proximal. In dentistry, used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. [EU] Diurnal: Occurring during the day. [EU] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Dorsum: A plate of bone which forms the posterior boundary of the sella turcica. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Dystrophy: Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. [EU] Edema: Excessive amount of watery fluid accumulated in the intercellular spaces, most commonly present in subcutaneous tissue. [NIH] Effector: It is often an enzyme that converts an inactive precursor molecule into an active second messenger. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Effusion: The escape of fluid into a part or tissue, as an exudation or a transudation. [EU]

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Elastin: The protein that gives flexibility to tissues. [NIH] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Emergency Medicine: A branch of medicine concerned with an individual's resuscitation, transportation and care from the point of injury or beginning of illness through the hospital or other emergency treatment facility. [NIH] Emergency Treatment: First aid or other immediate intervention for accidents or medical conditions requiring immediate care and treatment before definitive medical and surgical management can be procured. [NIH] Endotoxins: Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Eosinophilia: Abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, tissues or organs. [NIH] Epicondylitis: Inflammation of the epicondyle or of the tissues adjoining the epicondyle of the humerus. [EU] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Ergonomics: Study of the relationships between man and machines; adjusting the design of machines to the need and capacities of man; study of the effect of machines on man's behavior. [NIH] Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. [NIH] Extensor: A muscle whose contraction tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a flexor. [NIH]

Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fasciitis: Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1) Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-

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peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2) Necrotizing fasciitis, a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic Streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3) Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous/Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee. [NIH] Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [NIH] Fibrosarcoma: A type of soft tissue sarcoma that begins in fibrous tissue, which holds bones, muscles, and other organs in place. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Fibula: The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones. [NIH] Flexion: In gynaecology, a displacement of the uterus in which the organ is bent so far forward or backward that an acute angle forms between the fundus and the cervix. [EU] Flexor: Muscles which flex a joint. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Forearm: The part between the elbow and the wrist. [NIH] Fossa: A cavity, depression, or pit. [NIH] Fungus: A general term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists, including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, moulds, smuts, etc., which are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall composed of chitin, mannans, and sometimes cellulose. They are usually of simple morphological form or show some reversible cellular specialization, such as the formation of pseudoparenchymatous tissue in the fruiting body of a mushroom. The dimorphic fungi grow, according to environmental conditions, as moulds or yeasts. [EU] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Ganglion: 1. A knot, or knotlike mass. 2. A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system; occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, e.g. basal ganglia. 3. A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeurosis or tendon, as in the wrist or dorsum of the foot; it consists of a thin fibrous capsule enclosing a clear mucinous fluid. [EU] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Giant Cell Tumors: Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and giant cell tumor of bone. [NIH]

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Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. [NIH] Gluconeogenesis: The process by which glucose is formed from a non-carbohydrate source. [NIH]

Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which the fasting plasma glucose level is less than 140 mg per deciliter and the 30-, 60-, or 90-minute plasma glucose concentration following a glucose tolerance test exceeds 200 mg per deciliter. This condition is seen frequently in diabetes mellitus but also occurs with other diseases. [NIH] Glucose tolerance: The power of the normal liver to absorb and store large quantities of glucose and the effectiveness of intestinal absorption of glucose. The glucose tolerance test is a metabolic test of carbohydrate tolerance that measures active insulin, a hepatic function based on the ability of the liver to absorb glucose. The test consists of ingesting 100 grams of glucose into a fasting stomach; blood sugar should return to normal in 2 to 21 hours after ingestion. [NIH] Glucose Tolerance Test: Determination of whole blood or plasma sugar in a fasting state before and at prescribed intervals (usually 1/2 hr, 1 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr) after taking a specified amount (usually 100 gm orally) of glucose. [NIH] Glycogen: A sugar stored in the liver and muscles. It releases glucose into the blood when cells need it for energy. Glycogen is the chief source of stored fuel in the body. [NIH] Gonadal: Pertaining to a gonad. [EU] Gonorrhea: Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. [NIH] Gout: Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Gram-negative: Losing the stain or decolorized by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria having a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. [EU] Gram-positive: Retaining the stain or resisting decolorization by alcohol in Gram's method of staining, a primary characteristic of bacteria whose cell wall is composed of a thick layer of peptidologlycan with attached teichoic acids. [EU]

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Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Hallux Valgus: Lateral displacement of the great toe, producing deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with callous, bursa, or bunion formation over the bony prominence. [NIH] Hand Deformities: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand. [NIH] Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response. [NIH] Hemolytic: A disease that affects the blood and blood vessels. It destroys red blood cells, cells that cause the blood to clot, and the lining of blood vessels. HUS is often caused by the Escherichia coli bacterium in contaminated food. People with HUS may develop acute renal failure. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Humeral: 1. Of, relating to, or situated in the region of the humerus: brachial. 2. Of or belonging to the shoulder. 3. Of, relating to, or being any of several body parts that are analogous in structure, function, or location to the humerus or shoulder. [EU] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid lysine that is present in certain collagens. [NIH] Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. [NIH] Hyperbilirubinemia: Pathologic process consisting of an abnormal increase in the amount of bilirubin in the circulating blood, which may result in jaundice. [NIH] Hyperlipoproteinemia: Metabolic disease characterized by elevated plasma cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels. The inherited form is attributed to a single gene mechanism. [NIH] Hyperostosis: Increase in the mass of bone per unit volume. [NIH] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hyperuricemia: A buildup of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood; a side effect of some anticancer drugs. [NIH]

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Hypogammaglobulinemia: The most common primary immunodeficiency in which antibody production is deficient. [NIH] Hypopigmentation: A condition caused by a deficiency in melanin formation or a loss of pre-existing melanin or melanocytes. It can be complete or partial and may result from trauma, inflammation, and certain infections. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances. [NIH]

effects

of

foreign

Immunocompromised: Having a weakened immune system caused by certain diseases or treatments. [NIH] Immunocompromised Host: A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation. [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH]

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Intermittent: Occurring at separated intervals; having periods of cessation of activity. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH] Irrigation: The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any drug in the irrigation solution may be absorbed. [NIH] Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU] Ischial: A pointed projection on the posterior margin of the ischium. [NIH] Jaundice: A clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, consisting of deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in a yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes. [NIH]

Joint: The point of contact between elements of an animal skeleton with the parts that surround and support it. [NIH] Joint Capsule: The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner synovial membrane. [NIH] Joint Instability: Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intraarticular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Labile: 1. Gliding; moving from point to point over the surface; unstable; fluctuating. 2. Chemically unstable. [EU] Latent: Phoria which occurs at one distance or another and which usually has no troublesome effect. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Library Services: Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation. [NIH]

Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Liquor: 1. A liquid, especially an aqueous solution containing a medicinal substance. 2. A general term used in anatomical nomenclature for certain fluids of the body. [EU] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH]

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Luxation: The displacement of the particular surface of a bone from its normal joint, without fracture. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphadenopathy: Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymphedema: Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. [NIH]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Malformation: A morphologic developmental process. [EU]

defect

resulting

from

an

intrinsically

abnormal

Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game. [NIH]

Medial: Lying near the midsaggital plane of the body; opposed to lateral. [NIH] Median Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Melanin: The substance that gives the skin its color. [NIH] Melanocytes: Epidermal dendritic pigment cells which control long-term morphological color changes by alteration in their number or in the amount of pigment they produce and store in the pigment containing organelles called melanosomes. Melanophores are larger cells which do not exist in mammals. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Metabolic disorder: A condition in which normal metabolic processes are disrupted, usually because of a missing enzyme. [NIH] Metatarsophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metatarsal bone and a phalanx. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and

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viruses. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Mineralocorticoids: A group of corticosteroids primarily associated with the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ion transport in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by plasma volume, serum potassium, and angiotensin II. [NIH] Mobility: Capability of movement, of being moved, or of flowing freely. [EU] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Mucinous: Containing or resembling mucin, the main compound in mucus. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Muscle tension: A force in a material tending to produce extension; the state of being stretched. [NIH] Muscular Dystrophies: A general term for a group of inherited disorders which are characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles. [NIH] Mycoplasma: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria bounded by a plasma membrane only. Its organisms are parasites and pathogens, found on the mucous membranes of humans, animals, and birds. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Neck Muscles: The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus). [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neuroma: A tumor that arises in nerve cells. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neuropathy: A problem in any part of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathies can be caused by infection, toxic substances, or disease. [NIH]

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Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system. [NIH] Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. [NIH] Osteochondroma: A cartilage-capped benign tumor that often appears as a stalk on the surface of bone. It is probably a developmental malformation rather than a true neoplasm and is usually found in the metaphysis of the distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus. Osteochondroma is the most common of benign bone tumors. [NIH] Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of bone caused by a pyogenic organism. It may remain localized or may spread through the bone to involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue, and periosteum. [EU] Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. [EU] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palpation: Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs. [NIH] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Paralysis: Loss of ability to move all or part of the body. [NIH] Paresis: A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for paralysis (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis. "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as paraparesis. [NIH] Paresthesia: Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence of stimulation. [NIH] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU]

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Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Penicillin: An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. [NIH] Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms. [NIH] Periarthritis: Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. [EU] Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium. [EU] Pericardium: The fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [NIH]

Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Peroneal Nerve: The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the throat. [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physical Therapy: The restoration of function and the prevention of disability following disease or injury with the use of light, heat, cold, water, electricity, ultrasound, and exercise. [NIH]

Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plaque: A clear zone in a bacterial culture grown on an agar plate caused by localized destruction of bacterial cells by a bacteriophage. The concentration of infective virus in a fluid can be estimated by applying the fluid to a culture and counting the number of. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Polyarthritis: An inflammation of several joints together. [EU] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU] Popliteal: Compression of the nerve at the neck of the fibula. [NIH] Popliteal Cyst: A synovial cyst in the popliteal space arising from the semimembranous bursa or the knee joint. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postoperative: After surgery. [NIH]

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Practicability: A non-standard characteristic of an analytical procedure. It is dependent on the scope of the method and is determined by requirements such as sample throughout and costs. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Predisposition: A latent susceptibility to disease which may be activated under certain conditions, as by stress. [EU] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Projection: A defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, whereby that which is emotionally unacceptable in the self is rejected and attributed (projected) to others. [NIH] Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [NIH] Pronator: A muscle which turns a part into the prone position. [NIH] Prone: Having the front portion of the body downwards. [NIH] Prone Position: The posture of an individual lying face down. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Prosthesis: An artificial replacement of a part of the body. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Proximal: Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposed to distal. [EU] Psoriasis: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. [NIH]

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Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Purulent: Consisting of or containing pus; associated with the formation of or caused by pus. [EU] Pyogenic: Producing pus; pyopoietic (= liquid inflammation product made up of cells and a thin fluid called liquor puris). [EU] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radial Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand. [NIH]

Radial Neuropathy: Disease involving the radial nerve. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the axilla and radial groove of the humerus. [NIH]

Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radius: The lateral bone of the forearm. [NIH] Rarefaction: The reduction of the density of a substance; the attenuation of a gas. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Restoration: Broad term applied to any inlay, crown, bridge or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of teeth or oral tissues. [NIH] Resuscitation: The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead; it includes such measures as artificial respiration and cardiac massage. [EU] Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. [NIH] Rheumatism: A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis, the cause of which is unknown, although infection, hypersensitivity, hormone imbalance and psychologic stress have been suggested

Dictionary 111

as possible causes. [NIH] Rhinitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Rotator: A muscle by which a part can be turned circularly. [NIH] Rotator Cuff: The musculotendinous sheath formed by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles. These help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa and allow for rotation of the shoulder joint about its longitudinal axis. [NIH] Rubber: A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (latex) of Hevea brasiliensis and other trees. It is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to atleast twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retractrapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully. Synthetic rubber is made from many different chemicals, including styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene, and isoprene. [NIH] Saponins: Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sciatic Nerve: A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the tibial nerve and the peroneal nerve. [NIH] Scleroderma: A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic). [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Self Care: Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. The concept includes care of oneself or one's family and friends. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Septic: Produced by or due to decomposition by microorganisms; putrefactive. [EU] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Serum Sickness: Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral

112 Tenosynovitis

upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skeletal: Having to do with the skeleton (boney part of the body). [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Sodium: An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetallic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Spasm: An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Splint: A rigid appliance used for the immobilization of a part or for the correction of deformity. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stethoscope: An instrument used for the detection and study of sounds within the body that conveyed to the ears of the observer through rubber tubing. [NIH] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between

Dictionary 113

the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Streptococci: A genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in chains or pairs. They are widely distributed in nature, being important pathogens but often found as normal commensals in the mouth, skin, and intestine of humans and other animals. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclavian: The direct continuation of the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib. It passes medially to join the internal jugular vein and form the brachiocephalic vein on each side. [NIH] Subclavian Artery: Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb. [NIH] Subclavian Vein: The continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. [NIH] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Supination: Applies to the movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward and when applied to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion of the foot. [NIH]

Suppression: A conscious exclusion of disapproved desire contrary with repression, in which the process of exclusion is not conscious. [NIH] Suppurative: Consisting of, containing, associated with, or identified by the formation of pus. [NIH] Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Synostosis: The joining of contiguous and separate bones by osseous tissue. [NIH] Synovial: Of pertaining to, or secreting synovia. [EU] Synovial Cyst: A nodular, tumorlike lesion in or about a tendon sheath or joint capsule, especially of the hands, wrists, or feet. It is not a true cyst as it lacks an epithelial wall, and it does not communicate with the underlying synovial space. The lesion represents a focal accumulation of mucin in the dermis of the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanges or, less often, other portions of the extremities. [NIH] Synovial Membrane: The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid. [NIH] Synovitis: Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. Synovitis is qualified as fibrinous, gonorrhoeal, hyperplastic, lipomatous, metritic, puerperal, rheumatic, scarlatinal, syphilitic, tuberculous, urethral, etc. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH]

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Systemic disease: Disease that affects the whole body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Tachycardia: Excessive rapidity in the action of the heart, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute. [NIH] Tachypnea: Rapid breathing. [NIH] Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: A syndrome produced by entrapment neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve. [NIH] Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments. [EU] Tendon Injuries: Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures. [NIH] Tennis Elbow: A condition characterized by pain in or near the lateral humeral epicondyle or in the forearm extensor muscle mass as a result of unusual strain. It occurs in tennis players as well as housewives, artisans, and violinists. [NIH] Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of a tendon sheath. [EU] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the brachial plexus; subclavian artery; and subclavian vein at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a cervical rib (cervical rib syndrome), anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, paresis or paralysis of brachial plexus innervated muscles, paresthesia, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ischemia, and edema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5). [NIH] Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Tibial Nerve: The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot. [NIH] Tin: A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71. [NIH] Tinnitus: Sounds that are perceived in the absence of any external noise source which may take the form of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tolerance: 1. The ability to endure unusually large doses of a drug or toxin. 2. Acquired drug tolerance; a decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for increasing doses to maintain a constant response. [EU]

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Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. It is often caused by a bacterium. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. [NIH] Tonsils: Small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. [NIH] Torticollis: Wryneck; a contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing twisting of the neck and an unnatural position of the head. [EU] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Translation: The process whereby the genetic information present in the linear sequence of ribonucleotides in mRNA is converted into a corresponding sequence of amino acids in a protein. It occurs on the ribosome and is unidirectional. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series. [NIH]

Triglyceride: A lipid carried through the blood stream to tissues. Most of the body's fat tissue is in the form of triglycerides, stored for use as energy. Triglycerides are obtained primarily from fat in foods. [NIH] Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor serotonin and niacin. [NIH] Tubercle: A rounded elevation on a bone or other structure. [NIH] Tubercular: Of, pertaining to, or resembling tubercles or nodules. [EU] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Ulnar Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH]

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Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Uric: A kidney stone that may result from a diet high in animal protein. When the body breaks down this protein, uric acid levels rise and can form stones. [NIH] Urogenital: Pertaining to the urinary and genital apparatus; genitourinary. [EU] Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Venous: Of or pertaining to the veins. [EU] Vertigo: An illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). The term is sometimes erroneously used to mean any form of dizziness. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Vitreous Body: The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. It is contained in a thin hyoid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abduction, 91, 110 Activities of Daily Living, 4, 91 Adenocarcinoma, 5, 91 Adrenal Cortex, 91, 97, 109 Adrenal Glands, 91 Adverse Effect, 91, 112 Aetiology, 19, 91 Agar, 91, 108 Algorithms, 91, 94 Alternative medicine, 64, 91 Alveolitis, 4, 91 Amino Acids, 91, 99, 108, 109, 115 Amyloidosis, 34, 91 Anaerobic, 91, 106 Analogous, 91, 102, 115 Anaphylatoxins, 92, 96 Androgens, 91, 92, 97 Anesthesia, 92 Anesthetics, 60, 92 Ankle, 11, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 60, 92 Anomalies, 40, 92, 114 Antiallergic, 92, 97 Antibiotic, 92, 94, 99, 108 Antibody, 92, 96, 102, 103, 111 Anticholinergics, 60, 92 Antigen, 92, 96, 101, 102, 103 Antigen-Antibody Complex, 92, 96 Anti-inflammatory, 92, 97, 101 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 92, 97 Antineoplastic, 92, 97 Aponeurosis, 92, 100 Aqueous, 92, 93, 104 Arterial, 93, 97, 101, 109, 114 Arteries, 93, 94, 97, 105 Arthralgia, 93, 111 Arthritis, Rheumatoid, 59, 93 Arthropathy, 22, 65, 93 Articular, 93, 104, 107 Aspiration, 28, 61, 93 Asymptomatic, 7, 93 Atrophy, 93 Atypical, 36, 93 Axilla, 93, 94, 110 B Bacteremia, 40, 93 Bacteria, 92, 93, 101, 105, 106, 113 Bacteriophage, 93, 108

Bacteriostatic, 93, 99 Bacterium, 93, 102, 115 Basal Ganglia, 93, 100 Base, 61, 93, 104 Benign, 28, 93, 100, 106, 107 Benign tumor, 93, 107 Benzene, 93, 94 Benzodiazepines, 60, 94 Bile, 94, 104, 112 Bile Pigments, 94, 104 Biochemical, 94, 107 Biotechnology, 5, 58, 64, 75, 94 Bladder, 94, 109, 116 Blood pressure, 94, 101, 112 Blood vessel, 94, 97, 102, 104, 105, 112, 114, 116 Brachial, 59, 94, 102, 105, 110, 114, 115 Brachial Plexus, 94, 105, 110, 114, 115 Branch, 87, 94, 99, 107, 112, 114 Breakdown, 4, 94 Broad-spectrum, 94, 108 Buccal, 94, 104 Bunion, 94, 102 Bursitis, 9, 10, 22, 25, 36, 58, 59, 60, 65, 94 C Calcium, 94, 96 Calculi, 95, 101 Callus, 56, 95 Carbohydrate, 95, 97, 101 Carcinogenic, 94, 95, 112 Carcinoma, 25, 95 Cardiac, 95, 97, 106, 110, 112 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 9, 13, 20, 21, 27, 34, 44, 59, 61, 65, 95 Case report, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39, 44, 45, 52, 95 Caudal, 95, 108 Cell, 19, 20, 28, 42, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 106, 108, 116 Central Nervous System, 94, 95, 100, 101, 107 Cervical, 94, 95, 105, 110, 114, 115 Character, 95, 98 Chemotactic Factors, 95, 96 Chest wall, 60, 95 Cholesterol, 94, 95, 102, 112 Choroid, 95, 110

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Chronic, 3, 11, 12, 28, 59, 60, 61, 93, 95, 103, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115 Clinical trial, 4, 75, 95 Cloning, 94, 95 Cofactor, 96, 109 Collagen, 65, 93, 96, 100, 109 Collapse, 94, 96 Complement, 59, 92, 96 Complementary and alternative medicine, 51, 53, 96 Complementary medicine, 51, 96 Computational Biology, 75, 96 Conception, 97 Connective Tissue, 34, 80, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 110, 114 Connective Tissue Cells, 97 Contraceptive, 16, 97 Contracture, 17, 38, 57, 59, 65, 97 Contraindications, ii, 97 Cor, 97, 101 Coronary, 97, 105 Coronary Thrombosis, 97, 105 Cortex, 97, 107 Corticosteroid, 3, 13, 23, 48, 97 Cryptococcosis, 14, 97 Curative, 98, 114 Cutaneous, 45, 98, 104, 107, 110 Cytokine, 43, 98 D Databases, Bibliographic, 75, 98 Degenerative, 61, 98, 107 Dermatitis, 16, 20, 98 Diabetes Mellitus, 65, 98, 101, 103 Diagnosis, Differential, 61, 98 Diagnostic procedure, 55, 64, 98 Dicyclomine, 92, 98 Direct, iii, 67, 98, 110, 113 Dislocation, 60, 98 Distal, 17, 35, 61, 98, 107, 109, 113 Diurnal, 15, 98 Dorsal, 14, 15, 48, 98, 108, 110, 113 Dorsum, 98, 100 Drug Interactions, 68, 98 Dystrophy, 65, 98 E Edema, 98, 105, 114 Effector, 96, 98 Efficacy, 98, 115 Effusion, 98, 113 Elastin, 96, 99 Electrolyte, 97, 99, 106, 112 Electrons, 93, 99, 104, 110

Emergency Medicine, 43, 99 Emergency Treatment, 99 Endotoxins, 96, 99 Environmental Health, 74, 76, 99 Enzymatic, 94, 96, 99 Eosinophilia, 99 Epicondylitis, 4, 23, 34, 35, 59, 99 Epithelial, 91, 99, 113 Ergonomics, 80, 99 Erythromycin, 20, 99 Extensor, 6, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 45, 48, 99, 109, 110, 114 Extracellular, 97, 99, 100, 112 Extracellular Matrix, 97, 99, 100 Extremity, 89, 94, 99, 105, 107, 110, 111, 114, 115 F Family Planning, 75, 99 Fasciitis, 9, 44, 60, 99 Fat, 97, 100, 101, 110, 112, 115 Fatigue, 58, 100 Femur, 100, 107 Fibroblasts, 97, 100 Fibrosarcoma, 100 Fibrosis, 97, 100, 111 Fibula, 100, 108 Flexion, 100, 110 Fold, 56, 100 Forearm, 94, 100, 105, 110, 113, 114, 115 Fossa, 100, 111 Fungus, 97, 100 G Ganglia, 61, 100, 106, 108 Ganglion, 15, 48, 59, 61, 100, 107 Gene, 58, 94, 100, 102 Giant Cell Tumors, 6, 14, 23, 100 Giant Cells, 100, 101, 111 Gland, 91, 101, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112 Glucocorticoids, 65, 91, 97, 101 Gluconeogenesis, 101 Glucose, 18, 98, 101, 103, 111 Glucose Intolerance, 98, 101 Glucose tolerance, 18, 101 Glucose Tolerance Test, 101 Glycogen, 101 Gonadal, 101, 112 Gonorrhea, 7, 101 Gout, 21, 60, 65, 101 Governing Board, 101, 109 Gram-negative, 101, 106 Gram-positive, 101, 108, 113 Granuloma, 27, 102

Index 119

Growth, 23, 92, 93, 100, 102, 105, 106, 108, 115 H Hallux Valgus, 60, 102 Hand Deformities, 57, 102 Haptens, 102, 111 Hemolytic, 100, 102 Hepatic, 101, 102 Heredity, 100, 102 Hormonal, 93, 97, 102 Hormone, 97, 102, 103, 109, 110 Humeral, 35, 102, 114 Hydrogen, 93, 95, 102, 106 Hydroxylysine, 96, 102 Hydroxyproline, 96, 102 Hyperbilirubinemia, 102, 104 Hyperlipoproteinemia, 6, 102 Hyperostosis, 65, 102 Hypersensitivity, 102, 110 Hypertrophy, 38, 97, 102 Hyperuricemia, 101, 102 Hypogammaglobulinemia, 59, 103 Hypopigmentation, 40, 103 I Id, 49, 53, 81, 86, 88, 103 Idiopathic, 22, 23, 61, 65, 103, 111 Immune response, 92, 97, 102, 103, 113, 116 Immune system, 103, 116 Immunity, 59, 103 Immunocompromised, 8, 41, 103 Immunocompromised Host, 8, 41, 103 Immunodeficiency, 59, 103 Immunologic, 95, 103 Immunosuppressive, 103 Indicative, 58, 103, 107, 116 Infarction, 97, 103, 105 Infection, 6, 7, 16, 21, 25, 28, 31, 44, 59, 95, 97, 100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 110, 113, 116 Inflammation, 3, 57, 60, 80, 91, 92, 94, 98, 99, 100, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115 Ingestion, 101, 103 Innervation, 94, 103, 105, 108, 110, 111, 114, 115 Insulin, 101, 103 Intermittent, 60, 104 Intestinal, 101, 104 Intestine, 92, 102, 104, 110, 113 Intracellular, 103, 104 Invasive, 103, 104, 105 Involuntary, 104, 106, 110, 112

Ions, 93, 99, 102, 104 Irrigation, 8, 12, 13, 24, 104 Ischemia, 93, 104, 114 Ischial, 59, 104 J Jaundice, 16, 102, 104 Joint, 9, 10, 12, 13, 19, 24, 32, 48, 57, 59, 60, 61, 89, 93, 100, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 113, 114 Joint Capsule, 104, 113 Joint Instability, 57, 104 K Kb, 74, 104 L Labile, 96, 104 Latent, 104, 109 Lesion, 102, 104, 113 Library Services, 86, 104 Ligament, 52, 104, 109 Liquor, 104, 110 Liver, 91, 94, 101, 102, 104, 111 Localized, 19, 23, 24, 25, 60, 91, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 116 Lupus, 65, 104, 114 Luxation, 98, 105 Lymph, 95, 105, 111 Lymph node, 95, 105, 111 Lymphadenopathy, 105, 111 Lymphatic, 103, 105, 112 Lymphedema, 15, 105 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 15, 105 Malformation, 105, 107 Malignant, 91, 92, 100, 105, 106 Meat, 23, 33, 105 Medial, 59, 105, 114, 115 Median Nerve, 20, 95, 105 MEDLINE, 75, 105 Melanin, 103, 105 Melanocytes, 103, 105 Membrane, 95, 96, 99, 101, 105, 106, 110, 111, 113, 116 Mesenchymal, 93, 105 Metabolic disorder, 101, 105 Metatarsophalangeal Joint, 102, 105 MI, 44, 90, 105 Microbiology, 16, 27, 37, 93, 105 Migration, 28, 106 Mineralocorticoids, 91, 97, 106 Mobility, 13, 48, 58, 106 Molecular, 75, 77, 91, 94, 96, 106, 111 Molecule, 92, 93, 96, 98, 106

120 Tenosynovitis

Mononuclear, 100, 102, 106 Mucinous, 100, 106 Mucosa, 94, 104, 106 Muscle tension, 58, 106 Muscular Dystrophies, 98, 106 Mycoplasma, 59, 106 Myocardium, 105, 106 N Neck Muscles, 60, 106 Necrosis, 100, 103, 105, 106, 111 Need, 3, 57, 59, 64, 82, 99, 101, 106, 114 Neoplasm, 106, 107, 115 Nerve, 43, 59, 92, 94, 100, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115 Nervous System, 60, 95, 106, 108 Neuroma, 60, 106 Neurons, 100, 106 Neuropathy, 20, 59, 65, 106, 114 Neutrophil, 59, 107 Nuclear, 37, 93, 99, 100, 106, 107 Nuclei, 99, 105, 107 O Optic Nerve, 107, 110 Osteoarthritis, 65, 107 Osteochondroma, 31, 107 Osteomyelitis, 17, 30, 45, 107 Otitis, 11, 107 P Palliative, 107, 114 Palpation, 61, 107 Palsy, 59, 107 Paralysis, 59, 107, 114 Paresis, 107, 114 Paresthesia, 107, 114 Parotid, 107, 111 Pathogenesis, 22, 107 Pathologic, 48, 58, 97, 102, 107, 109 Patient Education, 80, 84, 86, 90, 108 Pelvic, 108, 109 Penicillin, 20, 108 Penicillin V, 20, 108 Periarthritis, 45, 108 Pericarditis, 25, 108 Pericardium, 108, 114 Peripheral Nervous System, 107, 108, 113 Peroneal Nerve, 60, 108, 111 Pharmacologic, 92, 108, 115 Pharyngitis, 7, 108 Physical Examination, 60, 80, 108 Physical Therapy, 6, 25, 52, 60, 80, 108 Pituitary Gland, 97, 108 Plants, 101, 108, 111, 115

Plaque, 6, 108 Plasma, 101, 102, 106, 108, 111 Polyarthritis, 36, 37, 108 Polypeptide, 96, 108 Popliteal, 59, 108 Popliteal Cyst, 59, 108 Posterior, 11, 12, 33, 35, 37, 41, 52, 59, 95, 98, 104, 106, 108, 110, 114 Postoperative, 8, 13, 108 Practicability, 109, 115 Practice Guidelines, 76, 109 Predisposition, 35, 109 Progesterone, 109, 112 Progressive, 34, 37, 102, 106, 107, 109, 115 Projection, 104, 107, 109 Proline, 96, 102, 109 Pronator, 59, 109 Prone, 65, 109 Prone Position, 109 Prostate, 5, 109 Prosthesis, 104, 109 Protein C, 93, 109, 111 Protein S, 58, 94, 99, 109 Proteins, 91, 92, 96, 99, 106, 108, 109, 111, 115 Proteolytic, 96, 109 Proximal, 61, 98, 107, 109 Psoriasis, 23, 109 Public Policy, 75, 110 Purulent, 24, 26, 37, 110 Pyogenic, 12, 24, 35, 107, 110 R Race, 106, 110 Radial Nerve, 59, 110 Radial Neuropathy, 59, 110 Radiation, 103, 110 Radius, 61, 110 Rarefaction, 93, 110 Rectum, 109, 110 Recurrence, 26, 110 Refer, 1, 94, 96, 110 Reflex, 65, 110 Remission, 110 Restoration, 108, 110 Resuscitation, 99, 110 Retina, 15, 48, 95, 107, 110, 116 Rheumatism, 13, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27, 41, 45, 110 Rheumatoid, 9, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 35, 36, 41, 43, 45, 52, 57, 60, 65, 110 Rheumatoid arthritis, 9, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 35, 41, 45, 52, 57, 60, 65, 110

Index 121

Rhinitis, 4, 111 Risk factor, 4, 111 Rotator, 59, 111 Rotator Cuff, 59, 111 Rubber, 111, 112 S Saponins, 111, 112 Sarcoidosis, 6, 111 Sciatic Nerve, 108, 111, 114 Scleroderma, 100, 111 Screening, 35, 95, 111 Secretion, 97, 98, 101, 106, 111 Self Care, 91, 111 Semen, 109, 111 Septic, 20, 25, 37, 52, 59, 111 Serum, 33, 92, 96, 106, 111 Serum Sickness, 33, 111 Shock, 111, 115 Side effect, 67, 91, 102, 112, 115 Signs and Symptoms, 59, 65, 110, 112 Skeletal, 10, 11, 25, 26, 65, 92, 106, 112 Skeleton, 100, 104, 112 Smooth muscle, 92, 97, 112, 113 Sodium, 101, 106, 112 Soft tissue, 60, 100, 112 Spasm, 60, 112 Specialist, 81, 112 Species, 97, 106, 110, 112, 115 Spinal cord, 94, 95, 100, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115 Spleen, 91, 105, 111, 112 Splint, 80, 112 Steroid, 19, 38, 39, 111, 112 Stethoscope, 43, 112 Stimulus, 103, 110, 112 Stomach, 101, 102, 112 Streptococci, 10, 113 Stress, 109, 110, 111, 113, 116 Subacute, 11, 18, 103, 113 Subclavian, 113, 114 Subclavian Artery, 113, 114 Subclavian Vein, 113, 114 Subclinical, 103, 113 Subcutaneous, 22, 37, 51, 60, 98, 113 Substance P, 99, 111, 113 Supination, 110, 113 Suppression, 97, 113 Suppurative, 8, 13, 16, 28, 37, 39, 40, 45, 58, 113 Symphysis, 109, 113 Synostosis, 13, 113 Synovial, 18, 52, 93, 100, 104, 108, 113

Synovial Cyst, 108, 113 Synovial Membrane, 93, 104, 113 Synovitis, 32, 58, 113 Systemic, 34, 65, 91, 93, 94, 103, 111, 113, 114 Systemic disease, 93, 114 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 65, 114 T Tachycardia, 93, 114 Tachypnea, 93, 114 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome, 60, 114 Tendinitis, 6, 13, 30, 59, 60, 65, 80, 114 Tendon Injuries, 51, 61, 114 Tennis Elbow, 42, 114 Therapeutics, 69, 114 Thoracic, 59, 94, 105, 110, 113, 114, 115 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 59, 114 Thrombosis, 109, 114 Tibial Nerve, 111, 114 Tin, 95, 107, 114 Tinnitus, 107, 114 Tissue, 25, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115 Tolerance, 101, 114 Tonsillitis, 44, 115 Tonsils, 115 Torticollis, 60, 115 Toxic, iv, 93, 103, 106, 115 Toxicity, 98, 115 Toxicology, 76, 115 Toxins, 92, 99, 103, 115 Transfection, 94, 115 Translation, 99, 115 Translocation, 99, 115 Trauma, 3, 37, 52, 58, 103, 106, 114, 115 Treatment Outcome, 61, 115 Triglyceride, 102, 115 Tryptophan, 96, 115 Tubercle, 22, 31, 38, 115 Tubercular, 23, 44, 115 Tuberculosis, 9, 21, 25, 45, 104, 115 Tumour, 20, 42, 56, 100, 115 U Ulnar Nerve, 59, 61, 115 Unconscious, 92, 103, 115 Urethra, 109, 116 Uric, 101, 102, 116 Urogenital, 101, 116 Urticaria, 111, 116 V Vascular, 95, 103, 116 Venous, 109, 116

122 Tenosynovitis

Vertigo, 107, 116 Veterinary Medicine, 48, 75, 116 Virus, 93, 101, 108, 116

Vitreous Body, 110, 116 W White blood cell, 92, 107, 116

Index 123

124 Tenosynovitis

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